[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163672},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method":3,"nav-reference":1872},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1865,"extension":1866,"meta":1867,"navigation":128,"path":1868,"seo":1869,"stem":1870,"__hash__":1871},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1837},"minimark",[9,19,26,33,39,169,180,188,193,212,215,303,313,317,320,352,357,376,384,387,499,503,509,526,528,625,638,641,649,654,659,670,813,816,832,836,841,851,924,927,978,987,994,1011,1016,1021,1067,1114,1133,1137,1143,1157,1160,1298,1305,1309,1314,1351,1354,1434,1437,1446,1462,1465,1549,1552,1668,1671,1701,1705,1712,1717,1724,1727,1734,1737,1746,1757,1764,1772,1776,1833],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-find-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"find()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,27,28,29,32],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,30,31],{},"-1",".",[20,34,35,36,38],{},"Use ",[15,37,17],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[40,41,46],"pre",{"className":42,"code":43,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n","python","",[15,47,48,72,104,123,130,154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50,53,57,61,65,69],"span",{"class":51,"line":52},"line",1,[49,54,56],{"class":55},"su5hD","text ",[49,58,60],{"class":59},"smGrS","=",[49,62,64],{"class":63},"sjJ54"," \"",[49,66,68],{"class":67},"s_sjI","hello world",[49,70,71],{"class":63},"\"\n",[49,73,75,78,80,83,86,90,93,96,99,101],{"class":51,"line":74},2,[49,76,77],{"class":55},"position ",[49,79,60],{"class":59},[49,81,82],{"class":55}," text",[49,84,32],{"class":85},"sP7_E",[49,87,89],{"class":88},"slqww","find",[49,91,92],{"class":85},"(",[49,94,95],{"class":63},"\"",[49,97,98],{"class":67},"world",[49,100,95],{"class":63},[49,102,103],{"class":85},")\n",[49,105,107,111,113,116,119],{"class":51,"line":106},3,[49,108,110],{"class":109},"sptTA","print",[49,112,92],{"class":85},[49,114,115],{"class":88},"position",[49,117,118],{"class":85},")",[49,120,122],{"class":121},"sutJx","   # 6\n",[49,124,126],{"class":51,"line":125},4,[49,127,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},true,"\n",[49,131,133,136,138,140,142,144,146,148,150,152],{"class":51,"line":132},5,[49,134,135],{"class":55},"missing ",[49,137,60],{"class":59},[49,139,82],{"class":55},[49,141,32],{"class":85},[49,143,89],{"class":88},[49,145,92],{"class":85},[49,147,95],{"class":63},[49,149,44],{"class":67},[49,151,95],{"class":63},[49,153,103],{"class":85},[49,155,157,159,161,164,166],{"class":51,"line":156},6,[49,158,110],{"class":109},[49,160,92],{"class":85},[49,162,163],{"class":88},"missing",[49,165,118],{"class":85},[49,167,168],{"class":121},"    # -1\n",[170,171,172],"blockquote",{},[20,173,35,174,176,177,179],{},[15,175,17],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,178,31],{}," if the substring is not found.",[181,182,184,185,187],"h2",{"id":183},"what-find-does","What ",[15,186,17],{}," does",[20,189,190,192],{},[15,191,17],{}," is a string method that:",[194,195,196,200,203,209],"ul",{},[197,198,199],"li",{},"Searches a string for a substring",[197,201,202],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[197,204,205,206,208],{},"Returns ",[15,207,31],{}," if no match is found",[197,210,211],{},"Does not change the original string",[20,213,214],{},"Example:",[40,216,218],{"className":42,"code":217,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,219,220,233,237,265,290],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,221,222,224,226,228,231],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,223,56],{"class":55},[49,225,60],{"class":59},[49,227,64],{"class":63},[49,229,230],{"class":67},"banana",[49,232,71],{"class":63},[49,234,235],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,236,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,238,239,241,243,246,248,250,252,254,257,259,262],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,240,110],{"class":109},[49,242,92],{"class":85},[49,244,245],{"class":88},"text",[49,247,32],{"class":85},[49,249,89],{"class":88},[49,251,92],{"class":85},[49,253,95],{"class":63},[49,255,256],{"class":67},"na",[49,258,95],{"class":63},[49,260,261],{"class":85},"))",[49,263,264],{"class":121},"   # 2\n",[49,266,267,269,271,273,275,277,279,281,284,286,288],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,268,110],{"class":109},[49,270,92],{"class":85},[49,272,245],{"class":88},[49,274,32],{"class":85},[49,276,89],{"class":88},[49,278,92],{"class":85},[49,280,95],{"class":63},[49,282,283],{"class":67},"x",[49,285,95],{"class":63},[49,287,261],{"class":85},[49,289,168],{"class":121},[49,291,292,294,296,298,300],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,293,110],{"class":109},[49,295,92],{"class":85},[49,297,245],{"class":88},[49,299,118],{"class":85},[49,301,302],{"class":121},"              # banana\n",[20,304,305,306,309,310,32],{},"Here, ",[15,307,308],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,311,312],{},"2",[181,314,316],{"id":315},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,318,319],{},"The syntax is:",[40,321,323],{"className":42,"code":322,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,324,325],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,326,327,330,332,334,336,339,342,345,347,350],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,328,329],{"class":55},"string",[49,331,32],{"class":85},[49,333,89],{"class":88},[49,335,92],{"class":85},[49,337,338],{"class":88},"value",[49,340,341],{"class":85},",",[49,343,344],{"class":88}," start",[49,346,341],{"class":85},[49,348,349],{"class":88}," end",[49,351,103],{"class":85},[353,354,356],"h3",{"id":355},"parameters","Parameters",[194,358,359,364,370],{},[197,360,361,363],{},[15,362,338],{},": the text to search for",[197,365,366,369],{},[15,367,368],{},"start",": optional starting position",[197,371,372,375],{},[15,373,374],{},"end",": optional ending position",[20,377,378,380,381,383],{},[15,379,368],{}," and ",[15,382,374],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,385,386],{},"Basic example:",[40,388,390],{"className":42,"code":389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,391,392,404,408,434,465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,393,394,396,398,400,402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,395,56],{"class":55},[49,397,60],{"class":59},[49,399,64],{"class":63},[49,401,68],{"class":67},[49,403,71],{"class":63},[49,405,406],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,407,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,409,410,412,414,416,418,420,422,424,427,429,431],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,411,110],{"class":109},[49,413,92],{"class":85},[49,415,245],{"class":88},[49,417,32],{"class":85},[49,419,89],{"class":88},[49,421,92],{"class":85},[49,423,95],{"class":63},[49,425,426],{"class":67},"o",[49,428,95],{"class":63},[49,430,261],{"class":85},[49,432,433],{"class":121},"        # 4\n",[49,435,436,438,440,442,444,446,448,450,452,454,456,460,462],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,437,110],{"class":109},[49,439,92],{"class":85},[49,441,245],{"class":88},[49,443,32],{"class":85},[49,445,89],{"class":88},[49,447,92],{"class":85},[49,449,95],{"class":63},[49,451,426],{"class":67},[49,453,95],{"class":63},[49,455,341],{"class":85},[49,457,459],{"class":458},"srdBf"," 5",[49,461,261],{"class":85},[49,463,464],{"class":121},"     # 7\n",[49,466,467,469,471,473,475,477,479,481,483,485,487,489,491,494,496],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,468,110],{"class":109},[49,470,92],{"class":85},[49,472,245],{"class":88},[49,474,32],{"class":85},[49,476,89],{"class":88},[49,478,92],{"class":85},[49,480,95],{"class":63},[49,482,426],{"class":67},[49,484,95],{"class":63},[49,486,341],{"class":85},[49,488,459],{"class":458},[49,490,341],{"class":85},[49,492,493],{"class":458}," 7",[49,495,261],{"class":85},[49,497,498],{"class":121},"  # -1\n",[181,500,502],{"id":501},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,504,505,506,508],{},"The return value from ",[15,507,17],{}," is always an integer.",[194,510,511,518,521],{},[197,512,513,514,517],{},"A number ",[15,515,516],{},"0"," or greater means the substring was found",[197,519,520],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[197,522,523,525],{},[15,524,31],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,527,214],{},[40,529,531],{"className":42,"code":530,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,532,533,545,549,575,600],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,534,535,537,539,541,543],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,536,56],{"class":55},[49,538,60],{"class":59},[49,540,64],{"class":63},[49,542,44],{"class":67},[49,544,71],{"class":63},[49,546,547],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,548,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,550,551,553,555,557,559,561,563,565,568,570,572],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,552,110],{"class":109},[49,554,92],{"class":85},[49,556,245],{"class":88},[49,558,32],{"class":85},[49,560,89],{"class":88},[49,562,92],{"class":85},[49,564,95],{"class":63},[49,566,567],{"class":67},"py",[49,569,95],{"class":63},[49,571,261],{"class":85},[49,573,574],{"class":121},"   # 0\n",[49,576,577,579,581,583,585,587,589,591,594,596,598],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,578,110],{"class":109},[49,580,92],{"class":85},[49,582,245],{"class":88},[49,584,32],{"class":85},[49,586,89],{"class":88},[49,588,92],{"class":85},[49,590,95],{"class":63},[49,592,593],{"class":67},"th",[49,595,95],{"class":63},[49,597,261],{"class":85},[49,599,264],{"class":121},[49,601,602,604,606,608,610,612,614,616,619,621,623],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,603,110],{"class":109},[49,605,92],{"class":85},[49,607,245],{"class":88},[49,609,32],{"class":85},[49,611,89],{"class":88},[49,613,92],{"class":85},[49,615,95],{"class":63},[49,617,618],{"class":67},"z",[49,620,95],{"class":63},[49,622,261],{"class":85},[49,624,168],{"class":121},[20,626,627,628,630,631,634,635,32],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,629,17],{}," to return ",[15,632,633],{},"True"," or ",[15,636,637],{},"False",[20,639,640],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[181,642,644,645,380,647],{"id":643},"using-start-and-end","Using ",[15,646,368],{},[15,648,374],{},[20,650,35,651,653],{},[15,652,368],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,655,35,656,658],{},[15,657,374],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,660,661,662,664,665,669],{},"The ",[15,663,374],{}," position is ",[666,667,668],"strong",{},"not included"," in the search.",[40,671,673],{"className":42,"code":672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,674,675,688,692,717,746,780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,676,677,679,681,683,686],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,678,56],{"class":55},[49,680,60],{"class":59},[49,682,64],{"class":63},[49,684,685],{"class":67},"one two three two",[49,687,71],{"class":63},[49,689,690],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,691,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,693,694,696,698,700,702,704,706,708,711,713,715],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,695,110],{"class":109},[49,697,92],{"class":85},[49,699,245],{"class":88},[49,701,32],{"class":85},[49,703,89],{"class":88},[49,705,92],{"class":85},[49,707,95],{"class":63},[49,709,710],{"class":67},"two",[49,712,95],{"class":63},[49,714,261],{"class":85},[49,716,433],{"class":121},[49,718,719,721,723,725,727,729,731,733,735,737,739,741,743],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,720,110],{"class":109},[49,722,92],{"class":85},[49,724,245],{"class":88},[49,726,32],{"class":85},[49,728,89],{"class":88},[49,730,92],{"class":85},[49,732,95],{"class":63},[49,734,710],{"class":67},[49,736,95],{"class":63},[49,738,341],{"class":85},[49,740,459],{"class":458},[49,742,261],{"class":85},[49,744,745],{"class":121},"     # 14\n",[49,747,748,750,752,754,756,758,760,762,764,766,768,771,773,775,777],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,749,110],{"class":109},[49,751,92],{"class":85},[49,753,245],{"class":88},[49,755,32],{"class":85},[49,757,89],{"class":88},[49,759,92],{"class":85},[49,761,95],{"class":63},[49,763,710],{"class":67},[49,765,95],{"class":63},[49,767,341],{"class":85},[49,769,770],{"class":458}," 0",[49,772,341],{"class":85},[49,774,493],{"class":458},[49,776,261],{"class":85},[49,778,779],{"class":121},"  # 4\n",[49,781,782,784,786,788,790,792,794,796,798,800,802,804,806,809,811],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,783,110],{"class":109},[49,785,92],{"class":85},[49,787,245],{"class":88},[49,789,32],{"class":85},[49,791,89],{"class":88},[49,793,92],{"class":85},[49,795,95],{"class":63},[49,797,710],{"class":67},[49,799,95],{"class":63},[49,801,341],{"class":85},[49,803,770],{"class":458},[49,805,341],{"class":85},[49,807,808],{"class":458}," 4",[49,810,261],{"class":85},[49,812,498],{"class":121},[20,814,815],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,817,818,819,824,825,32],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[820,821,823],"a",{"href":822},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python"," or the ",[820,826,828,831],{"href":827},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,829,830],{},"split()"," string method",[181,833,835],{"id":834},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,837,838,840],{},[15,839,17],{}," is case-sensitive.",[20,842,843,844,380,847,850],{},"That means ",[15,845,846],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,848,849],{},"\"hello\""," are treated as different text.",[40,852,854],{"className":42,"code":853,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,855,856,869,873,899],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,857,858,860,862,864,867],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,859,56],{"class":55},[49,861,60],{"class":59},[49,863,64],{"class":63},[49,865,866],{"class":67},"Hello World",[49,868,71],{"class":63},[49,870,871],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,872,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,874,875,877,879,881,883,885,887,889,892,894,896],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,876,110],{"class":109},[49,878,92],{"class":85},[49,880,245],{"class":88},[49,882,32],{"class":85},[49,884,89],{"class":88},[49,886,92],{"class":85},[49,888,95],{"class":63},[49,890,891],{"class":67},"Hello",[49,893,95],{"class":63},[49,895,261],{"class":85},[49,897,898],{"class":121},"  # 0\n",[49,900,901,903,905,907,909,911,913,915,918,920,922],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,902,110],{"class":109},[49,904,92],{"class":85},[49,906,245],{"class":88},[49,908,32],{"class":85},[49,910,89],{"class":88},[49,912,92],{"class":85},[49,914,95],{"class":63},[49,916,917],{"class":67},"hello",[49,919,95],{"class":63},[49,921,261],{"class":85},[49,923,498],{"class":121},[20,925,926],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[40,928,930],{"className":42,"code":929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,931,932,944,948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,933,934,936,938,940,942],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,935,56],{"class":55},[49,937,60],{"class":59},[49,939,64],{"class":63},[49,941,866],{"class":67},[49,943,71],{"class":63},[49,945,946],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,947,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,949,950,952,954,956,958,961,964,966,968,970,972,974,976],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,951,110],{"class":109},[49,953,92],{"class":85},[49,955,245],{"class":88},[49,957,32],{"class":85},[49,959,960],{"class":88},"lower",[49,962,963],{"class":85},"().",[49,965,89],{"class":88},[49,967,92],{"class":85},[49,969,95],{"class":63},[49,971,917],{"class":67},[49,973,95],{"class":63},[49,975,261],{"class":85},[49,977,898],{"class":121},[181,979,981,983,984],{"id":980},"find-vs-index",[15,982,17],{}," vs ",[15,985,986],{},"index()",[20,988,989,380,991,993],{},[15,990,17],{},[15,992,986],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[194,995,996,1003],{},[197,997,998,1000,1001],{},[15,999,17],{}," returns ",[15,1002,31],{},[197,1004,1005,1007,1008],{},[15,1006,986],{}," raises a ",[15,1009,1010],{},"ValueError",[20,1012,35,1013,1015],{},[15,1014,17],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,1017,35,1018,1020],{},[15,1019,986],{}," when the value must exist.",[40,1022,1024],{"className":42,"code":1023,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,1025,1026,1038,1042],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1027,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1029,56],{"class":55},[49,1031,60],{"class":59},[49,1033,64],{"class":63},[49,1035,917],{"class":67},[49,1037,71],{"class":63},[49,1039,1040],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,1041,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,1043,1044,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,1045,110],{"class":109},[49,1047,92],{"class":85},[49,1049,245],{"class":88},[49,1051,32],{"class":85},[49,1053,89],{"class":88},[49,1055,92],{"class":85},[49,1057,95],{"class":63},[49,1059,283],{"class":67},[49,1061,95],{"class":63},[49,1063,261],{"class":85},[49,1065,1066],{"class":121},"   # -1\n",[40,1068,1070],{"className":42,"code":1069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,1071,1072,1084,1088],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1073,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1075,56],{"class":55},[49,1077,60],{"class":59},[49,1079,64],{"class":63},[49,1081,917],{"class":67},[49,1083,71],{"class":63},[49,1085,1086],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,1087,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,1089,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1101,1103,1105,1107,1109,1111],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,1091,110],{"class":109},[49,1093,92],{"class":85},[49,1095,245],{"class":88},[49,1097,32],{"class":85},[49,1099,1100],{"class":88},"index",[49,1102,92],{"class":85},[49,1104,95],{"class":63},[49,1106,283],{"class":67},[49,1108,95],{"class":63},[49,1110,261],{"class":85},[49,1112,1113],{"class":121},"  # ValueError\n",[20,1115,1116,1117,1122,1123,1125,1126,32],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[820,1118,1120,831],{"href":1119},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,1121,986],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,1124,986],{},", read ",[820,1127,1129,1130],{"href":1128},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,1131,1132],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[181,1134,1136],{"id":1135},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[20,1138,1139,1140,1142],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,1141,17],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[194,1144,1145,1148,1151,1154],{},[197,1146,1147],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[197,1149,1150],{},"Get the position of a word",[197,1152,1153],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[197,1155,1156],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,1158,1159],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[40,1161,1163],{"className":42,"code":1162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,1164,1165,1178,1202,1206,1227,1245,1268,1284],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1166,1167,1169,1171,1173,1176],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1168,56],{"class":55},[49,1170,60],{"class":59},[49,1172,64],{"class":63},[49,1174,1175],{"class":67},"name:Alice",[49,1177,71],{"class":63},[49,1179,1180,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195,1198,1200],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,1181,1182],{"class":55},"colon_pos ",[49,1184,60],{"class":59},[49,1186,82],{"class":55},[49,1188,32],{"class":85},[49,1190,89],{"class":88},[49,1192,92],{"class":85},[49,1194,95],{"class":63},[49,1196,1197],{"class":67},":",[49,1199,95],{"class":63},[49,1201,103],{"class":85},[49,1203,1204],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,1205,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,1207,1208,1212,1215,1218,1221,1224],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,1209,1211],{"class":1210},"sVHd0","if",[49,1213,1214],{"class":55}," colon_pos ",[49,1216,1217],{"class":59},"!=",[49,1219,1220],{"class":59}," -",[49,1222,1223],{"class":458},"1",[49,1225,1226],{"class":85},":\n",[49,1228,1229,1232,1234,1236,1239,1242],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,1230,1231],{"class":55},"    label ",[49,1233,60],{"class":59},[49,1235,82],{"class":55},[49,1237,1238],{"class":85},"[:",[49,1240,1241],{"class":55},"colon_pos",[49,1243,1244],{"class":85},"]\n",[49,1246,1247,1250,1252,1254,1257,1259,1262,1265],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,1248,1249],{"class":55},"    value ",[49,1251,60],{"class":59},[49,1253,82],{"class":55},[49,1255,1256],{"class":85},"[",[49,1258,1182],{"class":55},[49,1260,1261],{"class":59},"+",[49,1263,1264],{"class":458}," 1",[49,1266,1267],{"class":85},":]\n",[49,1269,1271,1274,1276,1279,1281],{"class":51,"line":1270},7,[49,1272,1273],{"class":109},"    print",[49,1275,92],{"class":85},[49,1277,1278],{"class":88},"label",[49,1280,118],{"class":85},[49,1282,1283],{"class":121},"  # name\n",[49,1285,1287,1289,1291,1293,1295],{"class":51,"line":1286},8,[49,1288,1273],{"class":109},[49,1290,92],{"class":85},[49,1292,338],{"class":88},[49,1294,118],{"class":85},[49,1296,1297],{"class":121},"  # Alice\n",[20,1299,1300,1301,32],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[820,1302,1304],{"href":1303},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F","how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[181,1306,1308],{"id":1307},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1310,1311,1312,1197],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,1313,17],{},[194,1315,1316,1326,1332,1337,1345],{},[197,1317,1318,1319,630,1321,634,1323,1325],{},"Expecting ",[15,1320,17],{},[15,1322,633],{},[15,1324,637],{}," instead of an index",[197,1327,1328,1329,1331],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,1330,31],{}," when the substring is missing",[197,1333,644,1334,1336],{},[15,1335,17],{}," without handling case differences",[197,1338,1339,1340,1342,1343],{},"Confusing ",[15,1341,17],{}," with ",[15,1344,986],{},[197,1346,1347,1348,1350],{},"Assuming ",[15,1349,17],{}," changes the string",[20,1352,1353],{},"Example of a mistake:",[40,1355,1357],{"className":42,"code":1356,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,1358,1359,1371,1375,1397,1412,1419],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1360,1361,1363,1365,1367,1369],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1362,56],{"class":55},[49,1364,60],{"class":59},[49,1366,64],{"class":63},[49,1368,917],{"class":67},[49,1370,71],{"class":63},[49,1372,1373],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,1374,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,1376,1377,1379,1381,1383,1385,1387,1389,1392,1394],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,1378,1211],{"class":1210},[49,1380,82],{"class":55},[49,1382,32],{"class":85},[49,1384,89],{"class":88},[49,1386,92],{"class":85},[49,1388,95],{"class":63},[49,1390,1391],{"class":67},"h",[49,1393,95],{"class":63},[49,1395,1396],{"class":85},"):\n",[49,1398,1399,1401,1403,1405,1408,1410],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,1400,1273],{"class":109},[49,1402,92],{"class":85},[49,1404,95],{"class":63},[49,1406,1407],{"class":67},"Found",[49,1409,95],{"class":63},[49,1411,103],{"class":85},[49,1413,1414,1417],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,1415,1416],{"class":1210},"else",[49,1418,1226],{"class":85},[49,1420,1421,1423,1425,1427,1430,1432],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,1422,1273],{"class":109},[49,1424,92],{"class":85},[49,1426,95],{"class":63},[49,1428,1429],{"class":67},"Not found",[49,1431,95],{"class":63},[49,1433,103],{"class":85},[20,1435,1436],{},"This prints:",[40,1438,1440],{"className":42,"code":1439,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Not found\n",[15,1441,1442],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1443,1444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1445,1439],{"class":55},[20,1447,1448,1449,1452,1453,1455,1456,1458,1459,1461],{},"That happens because ",[15,1450,1451],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,1454,516],{},", and ",[15,1457,516],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,1460,1211],{}," statement.",[20,1463,1464],{},"A safer version is:",[40,1466,1468],{"className":42,"code":1467,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,1469,1470,1482,1486,1515,1529,1535],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1471,1472,1474,1476,1478,1480],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1473,56],{"class":55},[49,1475,60],{"class":59},[49,1477,64],{"class":63},[49,1479,917],{"class":67},[49,1481,71],{"class":63},[49,1483,1484],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,1485,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,1487,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1509,1511,1513],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,1489,1211],{"class":1210},[49,1491,82],{"class":55},[49,1493,32],{"class":85},[49,1495,89],{"class":88},[49,1497,92],{"class":85},[49,1499,95],{"class":63},[49,1501,1391],{"class":67},[49,1503,95],{"class":63},[49,1505,118],{"class":85},[49,1507,1508],{"class":59}," !=",[49,1510,1220],{"class":59},[49,1512,1223],{"class":458},[49,1514,1226],{"class":85},[49,1516,1517,1519,1521,1523,1525,1527],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,1518,1273],{"class":109},[49,1520,92],{"class":85},[49,1522,95],{"class":63},[49,1524,1407],{"class":67},[49,1526,95],{"class":63},[49,1528,103],{"class":85},[49,1530,1531,1533],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,1532,1416],{"class":1210},[49,1534,1226],{"class":85},[49,1536,1537,1539,1541,1543,1545,1547],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,1538,1273],{"class":109},[49,1540,92],{"class":85},[49,1542,95],{"class":63},[49,1544,1429],{"class":67},[49,1546,95],{"class":63},[49,1548,103],{"class":85},[20,1550,1551],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[40,1553,1555],{"className":42,"code":1554,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,1556,1557,1582,1597,1623,1638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1558,1559,1561,1563,1565,1567,1569,1571,1574,1577,1579],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1560,110],{"class":109},[49,1562,92],{"class":85},[49,1564,245],{"class":88},[49,1566,32],{"class":85},[49,1568,89],{"class":88},[49,1570,92],{"class":85},[49,1572,1573],{"class":63},"'",[49,1575,1576],{"class":67},"word",[49,1578,1573],{"class":63},[49,1580,1581],{"class":85},"))\n",[49,1583,1584,1586,1588,1591,1593,1595],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,1585,110],{"class":109},[49,1587,92],{"class":85},[49,1589,1590],{"class":109},"repr",[49,1592,92],{"class":85},[49,1594,245],{"class":88},[49,1596,1581],{"class":85},[49,1598,1599,1601,1603,1605,1607,1609,1611,1613,1615,1617,1619,1621],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,1600,110],{"class":109},[49,1602,92],{"class":85},[49,1604,245],{"class":88},[49,1606,32],{"class":85},[49,1608,960],{"class":88},[49,1610,963],{"class":85},[49,1612,89],{"class":88},[49,1614,92],{"class":85},[49,1616,1573],{"class":63},[49,1618,1576],{"class":67},[49,1620,1573],{"class":63},[49,1622,1581],{"class":85},[49,1624,1625,1627,1629,1632,1634,1636],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,1626,110],{"class":109},[49,1628,92],{"class":85},[49,1630,1631],{"class":109},"len",[49,1633,92],{"class":85},[49,1635,245],{"class":88},[49,1637,1581],{"class":85},[49,1639,1640,1642,1644,1646,1648,1650,1652,1654,1656,1658,1660,1662,1664,1666],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,1641,110],{"class":109},[49,1643,92],{"class":85},[49,1645,245],{"class":88},[49,1647,32],{"class":85},[49,1649,89],{"class":88},[49,1651,92],{"class":85},[49,1653,1573],{"class":63},[49,1655,1576],{"class":67},[49,1657,1573],{"class":63},[49,1659,341],{"class":85},[49,1661,344],{"class":88},[49,1663,341],{"class":85},[49,1665,349],{"class":88},[49,1667,1581],{"class":85},[20,1669,1670],{},"These help you check:",[194,1672,1673,1678,1684,1690,1693],{},[197,1674,1675,1676],{},"The actual result from ",[15,1677,17],{},[197,1679,1680,1681],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,1682,1683],{},"repr()",[197,1685,1686,1687],{},"Case differences with ",[15,1688,1689],{},"lower()",[197,1691,1692],{},"The string length",[197,1694,1695,1696,380,1698,1700],{},"Whether your ",[15,1697,368],{},[15,1699,374],{}," values are correct",[181,1702,1704],{"id":1703},"faq","FAQ",[353,1706,1708,1709,1711],{"id":1707},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,1710,17],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,1713,1714,1715,32],{},"It returns ",[15,1716,31],{},[353,1718,1720,1721,1723],{"id":1719},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches","Does ",[15,1722,17],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,1725,1726],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[353,1728,1730,1731,1733],{"id":1729},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,1732,17],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,1735,1736],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[353,1738,1740,1741,380,1743,1745],{"id":1739},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python","What is the difference between ",[15,1742,17],{},[15,1744,986],{}," in Python?",[20,1747,1748,1000,1750,1752,1753,1007,1755,32],{},[15,1749,17],{},[15,1751,31],{}," if not found, while ",[15,1754,986],{},[15,1756,1010],{},[353,1758,1760,1761,1763],{"id":1759},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string","Can I use ",[15,1762,17],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,1765,1766,1767,380,1769,1771],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,1768,368],{},[15,1770,374],{}," arguments.",[181,1773,1775],{"id":1774},"see-also","See also",[194,1777,1778,1786,1792,1800,1808,1816,1821,1826],{},[197,1779,1780],{},[820,1781,1782,1783,1785],{"href":1119},"Python string ",[15,1784,986],{}," method",[197,1787,1788],{},[820,1789,1782,1790,1785],{"href":827},[15,1791,830],{},[197,1793,1794],{},[820,1795,1782,1797,1785],{"href":1796},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,1798,1799],{},"replace()",[197,1801,1802],{},[820,1803,1782,1805,1785],{"href":1804},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,1806,1807],{},"startswith()",[197,1809,1810],{},[820,1811,1782,1813,1785],{"href":1812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,1814,1815],{},"endswith()",[197,1817,1818],{},[820,1819,1820],{"href":1303},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[197,1822,1823],{},[820,1824,1825],{"href":822},"How to split a string in Python",[197,1827,1828],{},[820,1829,1830,1831],{"href":1128},"How to fix ",[15,1832,1132],{},[1834,1835,1836],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":1838},[1839,1841,1844,1845,1847,1848,1850,1851,1852,1864],{"id":183,"depth":74,"text":1840},"What find() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":1842},[1843],{"id":355,"depth":106,"text":356},{"id":501,"depth":74,"text":502},{"id":643,"depth":74,"text":1846},"Using start and end",{"id":834,"depth":74,"text":835},{"id":980,"depth":74,"text":1849},"find() vs index()",{"id":1135,"depth":74,"text":1136},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":1853},[1854,1856,1858,1860,1862],{"id":1707,"depth":106,"text":1855},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":1719,"depth":106,"text":1857},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":1729,"depth":106,"text":1859},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1861},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":1759,"depth":106,"text":1863},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":5,"description":1865},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",[1873,3474,5184,6879,9015,11217,12735,14913,17119,19577,21414,23979,26076,28353,30301,32212,34209,35645,37470,39992,42150,43378,44748,46395,48716,50560,52539,54232,55484,57178,58926,60893,62642,64741,66093,68044,69606,71597,73390,75290,77730,79807,82447,84476,86439,88627,90629,92942,94624,96069,97263,98441,100280,102720,104424,106439,107963,109208,110371,111753,113824,115721,117495,119361,121480,123219,124667,126260,128176,129713,131648,133137,135921,137498,139057,141085,143037,144500,145689,147575,148986,150682,152236,153658,155061,156959,159353,161184],{"id":1874,"title":1875,"body":1876,"description":3468,"extension":1866,"meta":3469,"navigation":128,"path":3470,"seo":3471,"stem":3472,"__hash__":3473},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1877,"toc":3440},[1878,1881,1887,1890,1901,1904,1908,1972,1975,1995,2000,2004,2009,2012,2027,2030,2056,2059,2061,2063,2078,2081,2108,2110,2169,2171,2186,2196,2207,2211,2214,2268,2270,2290,2293,2316,2323,2327,2332,2338,2340,2377,2379,2388,2395,2413,2416,2428,2432,2437,2441,2444,2465,2467,2525,2527,2535,2538,2542,2574,2576,2584,2587,2591,2596,2644,2646,2654,2658,2718,2720,2728,2731,2733,2737,2740,2763,2772,2787,2839,2841,2856,2867,2871,2874,2904,2911,2915,2920,2961,2963,2974,2977,3020,3022,3030,3034,3039,3061,3063,3072,3081,3085,3090,3112,3114,3185,3187,3238,3241,3244,3247,3326,3328,3359,3361,3365,3368,3372,3375,3379,3382,3386,3398,3402,3405,3407,3437],[10,1879,1875],{"id":1880},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1882,661,1883,1886],{},[15,1884,1885],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1888,1889],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[194,1891,1892,1895,1898],{},[197,1893,1894],{},"a number without its negative sign",[197,1896,1897],{},"the distance between two numbers",[197,1899,1900],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1902,1903],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[181,1905,1907],{"id":1906},"quick-example","Quick example",[40,1909,1911],{"className":42,"code":1910,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1912,1913,1932,1947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1914,1915,1917,1919,1922,1924,1927,1930],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1916,110],{"class":109},[49,1918,92],{"class":85},[49,1920,1921],{"class":109},"abs",[49,1923,92],{"class":85},[49,1925,1926],{"class":59},"-",[49,1928,1929],{"class":458},"7",[49,1931,1581],{"class":85},[49,1933,1934,1936,1938,1940,1942,1945],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,1935,110],{"class":109},[49,1937,92],{"class":85},[49,1939,1921],{"class":109},[49,1941,92],{"class":85},[49,1943,1944],{"class":458},"3.5",[49,1946,1581],{"class":85},[49,1948,1949,1951,1953,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963,1966,1970],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,1950,110],{"class":109},[49,1952,92],{"class":85},[49,1954,1921],{"class":109},[49,1956,92],{"class":85},[49,1958,1926],{"class":59},[49,1960,312],{"class":458},[49,1962,1261],{"class":59},[49,1964,1965],{"class":458},"3",[49,1967,1969],{"class":1968},"sbsja","j",[49,1971,1581],{"class":85},[20,1973,1974],{},"Output:",[40,1976,1978],{"className":42,"code":1977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1979,1980,1985,1990],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,1981,1982],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,1983,1984],{"class":458},"7\n",[49,1986,1987],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,1988,1989],{"class":458},"3.5\n",[49,1991,1992],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,1993,1994],{"class":458},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1996,35,1997,1999],{},[15,1998,1885],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[181,2001,2003],{"id":2002},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2005,2006,2008],{},[15,2007,1885],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2010,2011],{},"That means:",[194,2013,2014,2017,2020],{},[197,2015,2016],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[197,2018,2019],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[197,2021,2022,2024,2025],{},[15,2023,516],{}," stays ",[15,2026,516],{},[20,2028,2029],{},"Examples:",[194,2031,2032,2041,2049],{},[197,2033,2034,2037,2038],{},[15,2035,2036],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2039,2040],{},"5",[197,2042,2043,2037,2046],{},[15,2044,2045],{},"abs(9)",[15,2047,2048],{},"9",[197,2050,2051,2037,2054],{},[15,2052,2053],{},"abs(0)",[15,2055,516],{},[20,2057,2058],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[181,2060,316],{"id":315},[20,2062,319],{},[40,2064,2066],{"className":42,"code":2065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"abs(x)\n",[15,2067,2068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2069,2070,2072,2074,2076],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2071,1921],{"class":109},[49,2073,92],{"class":85},[49,2075,283],{"class":88},[49,2077,103],{"class":85},[20,2079,2080],{},"Here:",[194,2082,2083,2100,2105],{},[197,2084,2085,2087,2088,2091,2092,2095,2096,2099],{},[15,2086,283],{}," is usually an ",[15,2089,2090],{},"int",", ",[15,2093,2094],{},"float",", or ",[15,2097,2098],{},"complex"," number",[197,2101,2102,2104],{},[15,2103,1885],{}," returns a new value",[197,2106,2107],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2109,214],{},[40,2111,2113],{"className":42,"code":2112,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2114,2115,2127,2144,2148,2158],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2116,2117,2120,2122,2124],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2118,2119],{"class":55},"number ",[49,2121,60],{"class":59},[49,2123,1220],{"class":59},[49,2125,2126],{"class":458},"12\n",[49,2128,2129,2132,2134,2137,2139,2142],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2130,2131],{"class":55},"result ",[49,2133,60],{"class":59},[49,2135,2136],{"class":109}," abs",[49,2138,92],{"class":85},[49,2140,2141],{"class":88},"number",[49,2143,103],{"class":85},[49,2145,2146],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,2147,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,2149,2150,2152,2154,2156],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,2151,110],{"class":109},[49,2153,92],{"class":85},[49,2155,2141],{"class":88},[49,2157,103],{"class":85},[49,2159,2160,2162,2164,2167],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,2161,110],{"class":109},[49,2163,92],{"class":85},[49,2165,2166],{"class":88},"result",[49,2168,103],{"class":85},[20,2170,1974],{},[40,2172,2174],{"className":42,"code":2173,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-12\n12\n",[15,2175,2176,2182],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2177,2178,2180],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2179,1926],{"class":59},[49,2181,2126],{"class":458},[49,2183,2184],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2185,2126],{"class":458},[20,2187,2188,2189,2191,2192,2195],{},"Notice that ",[15,2190,2141],{}," is still ",[15,2193,2194],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2197,2198,2199,2206],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[820,2200,2202,2205],{"href":2201},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2203,2204],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[181,2208,2210],{"id":2209},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2212,2213],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[40,2215,2217],{"className":42,"code":2216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2218,2219,2236,2251],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2220,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229,2231,2234],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2222,110],{"class":109},[49,2224,92],{"class":85},[49,2226,1921],{"class":109},[49,2228,92],{"class":85},[49,2230,1926],{"class":59},[49,2232,2233],{"class":458},"10",[49,2235,1581],{"class":85},[49,2237,2238,2240,2242,2244,2246,2249],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2239,110],{"class":109},[49,2241,92],{"class":85},[49,2243,1921],{"class":109},[49,2245,92],{"class":85},[49,2247,2248],{"class":458},"8",[49,2250,1581],{"class":85},[49,2252,2253,2255,2257,2259,2261,2263,2266],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,2254,110],{"class":109},[49,2256,92],{"class":85},[49,2258,1921],{"class":109},[49,2260,92],{"class":85},[49,2262,1926],{"class":59},[49,2264,2265],{"class":458},"4.2",[49,2267,1581],{"class":85},[20,2269,1974],{},[40,2271,2273],{"className":42,"code":2272,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2274,2275,2280,2285],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2276,2277],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2278,2279],{"class":458},"10\n",[49,2281,2282],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2283,2284],{"class":458},"8\n",[49,2286,2287],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,2288,2289],{"class":458},"4.2\n",[20,2291,2292],{},"What each line does:",[194,2294,2295,2302,2309],{},[197,2296,2297,1000,2300],{},[15,2298,2299],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2301,2233],{},[197,2303,2304,1000,2307],{},[15,2305,2306],{},"abs(8)",[15,2308,2248],{},[197,2310,2311,1000,2314],{},[15,2312,2313],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2315,2265],{},[20,2317,2318,2319,32],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[820,2320,2322],{"href":2321},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[181,2324,2326],{"id":2325},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2328,2329,2331],{},[15,2330,1885],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2333,2334,2335,2337],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2336,516],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2339,214],{},[40,2341,2343],{"className":42,"code":2342,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2344,2345,2363],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2346,2347,2350,2352,2355,2358,2360],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2348,2349],{"class":55},"value ",[49,2351,60],{"class":59},[49,2353,2354],{"class":458}," 3",[49,2356,2357],{"class":59}," +",[49,2359,808],{"class":458},[49,2361,2362],{"class":1968},"j\n",[49,2364,2365,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2366,110],{"class":109},[49,2368,92],{"class":85},[49,2370,1921],{"class":109},[49,2372,92],{"class":85},[49,2374,338],{"class":88},[49,2376,1581],{"class":85},[20,2378,1974],{},[40,2380,2382],{"className":42,"code":2381,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.0\n",[15,2383,2384],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2385,2386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2387,2381],{"class":458},[20,2389,2390,2391,2394],{},"Why ",[15,2392,2393],{},"5.0","?",[194,2396,2397,2402,2408],{},[197,2398,2399,2400],{},"the real part is ",[15,2401,1965],{},[197,2403,2404,2405],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2406,2407],{},"4",[197,2409,2410,2411],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2412,2393],{},[20,2414,2415],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[194,2417,2418,2425],{},[197,2419,2420,2422,2423],{},[15,2421,1885],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2424,2094],{},[197,2426,2427],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[181,2429,2431],{"id":2430},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2433,2434,2435,32],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2436,1885],{},[353,2438,2440],{"id":2439},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2442,2443],{},"A very common pattern is:",[40,2445,2447],{"className":42,"code":2446,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2448,2449],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2450,2451,2453,2455,2458,2460,2463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2452,1921],{"class":109},[49,2454,92],{"class":85},[49,2456,2457],{"class":88},"a ",[49,2459,1926],{"class":59},[49,2461,2462],{"class":88}," b",[49,2464,103],{"class":85},[20,2466,214],{},[40,2468,2470],{"className":42,"code":2469,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2471,2472,2481,2491,2495,2514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2473,2474,2476,2478],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2475,2457],{"class":55},[49,2477,60],{"class":59},[49,2479,2480],{"class":458}," 3\n",[49,2482,2483,2486,2488],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2484,2485],{"class":55},"b ",[49,2487,60],{"class":59},[49,2489,2490],{"class":458}," 10\n",[49,2492,2493],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,2494,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,2496,2497,2500,2502,2504,2506,2508,2510,2512],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,2498,2499],{"class":55},"distance ",[49,2501,60],{"class":59},[49,2503,2136],{"class":109},[49,2505,92],{"class":85},[49,2507,2457],{"class":88},[49,2509,1926],{"class":59},[49,2511,2462],{"class":88},[49,2513,103],{"class":85},[49,2515,2516,2518,2520,2523],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,2517,110],{"class":109},[49,2519,92],{"class":85},[49,2521,2522],{"class":88},"distance",[49,2524,103],{"class":85},[20,2526,1974],{},[40,2528,2529],{"className":42,"code":1984,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2530,2531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2532,2533],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2534,1984],{"class":458},[20,2536,2537],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[353,2539,2541],{"id":2540},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[40,2543,2545],{"className":42,"code":2544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2546,2547,2559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2548,2549,2552,2554,2556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2550,2551],{"class":55},"temperature_change ",[49,2553,60],{"class":59},[49,2555,1220],{"class":59},[49,2557,2558],{"class":458},"6\n",[49,2560,2561,2563,2565,2567,2569,2572],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2562,110],{"class":109},[49,2564,92],{"class":85},[49,2566,1921],{"class":109},[49,2568,92],{"class":85},[49,2570,2571],{"class":88},"temperature_change",[49,2573,1581],{"class":85},[20,2575,1974],{},[40,2577,2578],{"className":42,"code":2558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2579,2580],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2581,2582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2583,2558],{"class":458},[20,2585,2586],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[353,2588,2590],{"id":2589},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2592,2593,2594,2206],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2595,1885],{},[40,2597,2599],{"className":42,"code":2598,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2600,2601,2613,2629,2633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2602,2603,2606,2608,2610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2604,2605],{"class":55},"balance_change ",[49,2607,60],{"class":59},[49,2609,1220],{"class":59},[49,2611,2612],{"class":458},"25\n",[49,2614,2615,2618,2620,2622,2624,2627],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2616,2617],{"class":55},"safe_value ",[49,2619,60],{"class":59},[49,2621,2136],{"class":109},[49,2623,92],{"class":85},[49,2625,2626],{"class":88},"balance_change",[49,2628,103],{"class":85},[49,2630,2631],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,2632,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,2634,2635,2637,2639,2642],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,2636,110],{"class":109},[49,2638,92],{"class":85},[49,2640,2641],{"class":88},"safe_value",[49,2643,103],{"class":85},[20,2645,1974],{},[40,2647,2648],{"className":42,"code":2612,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2649,2650],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2651,2652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2653,2612],{"class":458},[353,2655,2657],{"id":2656},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[40,2659,2661],{"className":42,"code":2660,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2662,2663,2673,2683,2687,2707],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2664,2665,2668,2670],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2666,2667],{"class":55},"guess ",[49,2669,60],{"class":59},[49,2671,2672],{"class":458}," 42\n",[49,2674,2675,2678,2680],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2676,2677],{"class":55},"target ",[49,2679,60],{"class":59},[49,2681,2682],{"class":458}," 50\n",[49,2684,2685],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,2686,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,2688,2689,2692,2694,2696,2698,2700,2702,2705],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,2690,2691],{"class":55},"difference ",[49,2693,60],{"class":59},[49,2695,2136],{"class":109},[49,2697,92],{"class":85},[49,2699,2667],{"class":88},[49,2701,1926],{"class":59},[49,2703,2704],{"class":88}," target",[49,2706,103],{"class":85},[49,2708,2709,2711,2713,2716],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,2710,110],{"class":109},[49,2712,92],{"class":85},[49,2714,2715],{"class":88},"difference",[49,2717,103],{"class":85},[20,2719,1974],{},[40,2721,2722],{"className":42,"code":2284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,2723,2724],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2725,2726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2727,2284],{"class":458},[20,2729,2730],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[181,2732,1308],{"id":1307},[353,2734,2736],{"id":2735},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2738,2739],{},"This causes an error:",[40,2741,2743],{"className":42,"code":2742,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2744,2745],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2746,2747,2749,2751,2753,2755,2757,2759,2761],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2748,110],{"class":109},[49,2750,92],{"class":85},[49,2752,1921],{"class":109},[49,2754,92],{"class":85},[49,2756,95],{"class":63},[49,2758,2040],{"class":67},[49,2760,95],{"class":63},[49,2762,1581],{"class":85},[20,2764,2765,2768,2769,2771],{},[15,2766,2767],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2770,1885],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2773,2774,2775,634,2781,1197],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[820,2776,2778],{"href":2777},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2779,2780],{},"int()",[820,2782,2784],{"href":2783},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2785,2786],{},"float()",[40,2788,2790],{"className":42,"code":2789,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2791,2792,2816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2793,2794,2796,2798,2800,2802,2805,2807,2809,2811,2813],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2795,110],{"class":109},[49,2797,92],{"class":85},[49,2799,1921],{"class":109},[49,2801,92],{"class":85},[49,2803,2090],{"class":2804},"sZMiF",[49,2806,92],{"class":85},[49,2808,95],{"class":63},[49,2810,2040],{"class":67},[49,2812,95],{"class":63},[49,2814,2815],{"class":85},")))\n",[49,2817,2818,2820,2822,2824,2826,2828,2830,2832,2835,2837],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2819,110],{"class":109},[49,2821,92],{"class":85},[49,2823,1921],{"class":109},[49,2825,92],{"class":85},[49,2827,2094],{"class":2804},[49,2829,92],{"class":85},[49,2831,95],{"class":63},[49,2833,2834],{"class":67},"-3.2",[49,2836,95],{"class":63},[49,2838,2815],{"class":85},[20,2840,1974],{},[40,2842,2844],{"className":42,"code":2843,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2845,2846,2851],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2847,2848],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2849,2850],{"class":458},"5\n",[49,2852,2853],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2854,2855],{"class":458},"3.2\n",[20,2857,2858,2859,2862,2863,32],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2860,2861],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[820,2864,2866],{"href":2865},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[353,2868,2870],{"id":2869},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2872,2873],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[40,2875,2877],{"className":42,"code":2876,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2878,2879],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2880,2881,2883,2885,2887,2890,2892,2894,2897,2899,2901],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2882,110],{"class":109},[49,2884,92],{"class":85},[49,2886,1921],{"class":109},[49,2888,2889],{"class":85},"([",[49,2891,1223],{"class":458},[49,2893,341],{"class":85},[49,2895,2896],{"class":458}," 2",[49,2898,341],{"class":85},[49,2900,2354],{"class":458},[49,2902,2903],{"class":85},"]))\n",[20,2905,2906,2907,2910],{},"This raises a ",[15,2908,2909],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[353,2912,2914],{"id":2913},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2916,2917,2919],{},[15,2918,1885],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[40,2921,2923],{"className":42,"code":2922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2924,2925,2937,2947,2951],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2926,2927,2930,2932,2934],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2928,2929],{"class":55},"x ",[49,2931,60],{"class":59},[49,2933,1220],{"class":59},[49,2935,2936],{"class":458},"9\n",[49,2938,2939,2941,2943,2945],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2940,1921],{"class":109},[49,2942,92],{"class":85},[49,2944,283],{"class":88},[49,2946,103],{"class":85},[49,2948,2949],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,2950,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,2952,2953,2955,2957,2959],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,2954,110],{"class":109},[49,2956,92],{"class":85},[49,2958,283],{"class":88},[49,2960,103],{"class":85},[20,2962,1974],{},[40,2964,2966],{"className":42,"code":2965,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-9\n",[15,2967,2968],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2969,2970,2972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2971,1926],{"class":59},[49,2973,2936],{"class":458},[20,2975,2976],{},"If you want to store the result:",[40,2978,2980],{"className":42,"code":2979,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2981,2982,2992,3006,3010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,2983,2984,2986,2988,2990],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,2985,2929],{"class":55},[49,2987,60],{"class":59},[49,2989,1220],{"class":59},[49,2991,2936],{"class":458},[49,2993,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,2995,2929],{"class":55},[49,2997,60],{"class":59},[49,2999,2136],{"class":109},[49,3001,92],{"class":85},[49,3003,283],{"class":88},[49,3005,103],{"class":85},[49,3007,3008],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,3009,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,3011,3012,3014,3016,3018],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,3013,110],{"class":109},[49,3015,92],{"class":85},[49,3017,283],{"class":88},[49,3019,103],{"class":85},[20,3021,1974],{},[40,3023,3024],{"className":42,"code":2936,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,3025,3026],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3027,3028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3029,2936],{"class":458},[353,3031,3033],{"id":3032},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3035,3036,3038],{},[15,3037,1885],{}," does not round numbers.",[40,3040,3042],{"className":42,"code":3041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3043,3044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3045,3046,3048,3050,3052,3054,3056,3059],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3047,110],{"class":109},[49,3049,92],{"class":85},[49,3051,1921],{"class":109},[49,3053,92],{"class":85},[49,3055,1926],{"class":59},[49,3057,3058],{"class":458},"4.7",[49,3060,1581],{"class":85},[20,3062,1974],{},[40,3064,3066],{"className":42,"code":3065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4.7\n",[15,3067,3068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3069,3070],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3071,3065],{"class":458},[20,3073,3074,3075,3077,3078,3080],{},"If you expected ",[15,3076,2040],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3079,1885],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[181,3082,3084],{"id":3083},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3086,3087,3089],{},[15,3088,1885],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[194,3091,3092,3099,3106],{},[197,3093,3094,3096,3097],{},[15,3095,2090],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3098,2090],{},[197,3100,3101,3103,3104],{},[15,3102,2094],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3105,2094],{},[197,3107,3108,3103,3110],{},[15,3109,2098],{},[15,3111,2094],{},[20,3113,214],{},[40,3115,3117],{"className":42,"code":3116,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3118,3119,3140,3161],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3120,3121,3123,3125,3128,3130,3132,3134,3136,3138],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3122,110],{"class":109},[49,3124,92],{"class":85},[49,3126,3127],{"class":2804},"type",[49,3129,92],{"class":85},[49,3131,1921],{"class":109},[49,3133,92],{"class":85},[49,3135,1926],{"class":59},[49,3137,2040],{"class":458},[49,3139,2815],{"class":85},[49,3141,3142,3144,3146,3148,3150,3152,3154,3156,3159],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,3143,110],{"class":109},[49,3145,92],{"class":85},[49,3147,3127],{"class":2804},[49,3149,92],{"class":85},[49,3151,1921],{"class":109},[49,3153,92],{"class":85},[49,3155,1926],{"class":59},[49,3157,3158],{"class":458},"3.2",[49,3160,2815],{"class":85},[49,3162,3163,3165,3167,3169,3171,3173,3175,3177,3179,3181,3183],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,3164,110],{"class":109},[49,3166,92],{"class":85},[49,3168,3127],{"class":2804},[49,3170,92],{"class":85},[49,3172,1921],{"class":109},[49,3174,92],{"class":85},[49,3176,1965],{"class":458},[49,3178,2357],{"class":59},[49,3180,808],{"class":458},[49,3182,1969],{"class":1968},[49,3184,2815],{"class":85},[20,3186,1974],{},[40,3188,3190],{"className":42,"code":3189,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3191,3192,3210,3224],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3193,3194,3197,3200,3203,3205,3207],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3195,3196],{"class":59},"\u003C",[49,3198,3199],{"class":1968},"class",[49,3201,3202],{"class":63}," '",[49,3204,2090],{"class":67},[49,3206,1573],{"class":63},[49,3208,3209],{"class":59},">\n",[49,3211,3212,3214,3216,3218,3220,3222],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,3213,3196],{"class":59},[49,3215,3199],{"class":1968},[49,3217,3202],{"class":63},[49,3219,2094],{"class":67},[49,3221,1573],{"class":63},[49,3223,3209],{"class":59},[49,3225,3226,3228,3230,3232,3234,3236],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,3227,3196],{"class":59},[49,3229,3199],{"class":1968},[49,3231,3202],{"class":63},[49,3233,2094],{"class":67},[49,3235,1573],{"class":63},[49,3237,3209],{"class":59},[20,3239,3240],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3242,3243],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3245,3246],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[40,3248,3250],{"className":42,"code":3249,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3251,3252,3265,3275,3289,3293,3307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3253,3254,3256,3258,3260,3263],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3255,2349],{"class":55},[49,3257,60],{"class":59},[49,3259,64],{"class":63},[49,3261,3262],{"class":67},"-5",[49,3264,71],{"class":63},[49,3266,3267,3269,3271,3273],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,3268,110],{"class":109},[49,3270,92],{"class":85},[49,3272,338],{"class":88},[49,3274,103],{"class":85},[49,3276,3277,3279,3281,3283,3285,3287],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,3278,110],{"class":109},[49,3280,92],{"class":85},[49,3282,3127],{"class":2804},[49,3284,92],{"class":85},[49,3286,338],{"class":88},[49,3288,1581],{"class":85},[49,3290,3291],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,3292,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,3294,3295,3298,3300,3302,3305],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,3296,3297],{"class":55},"user_input ",[49,3299,60],{"class":59},[49,3301,64],{"class":63},[49,3303,3304],{"class":67},"-3.7",[49,3306,71],{"class":63},[49,3308,3309,3311,3313,3315,3317,3319,3321,3324],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,3310,110],{"class":109},[49,3312,92],{"class":85},[49,3314,1921],{"class":109},[49,3316,92],{"class":85},[49,3318,2094],{"class":2804},[49,3320,92],{"class":85},[49,3322,3323],{"class":88},"user_input",[49,3325,2815],{"class":85},[20,3327,1974],{},[40,3329,3331],{"className":42,"code":3330,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3332,3333,3339,3354],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3334,3335,3337],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3336,1926],{"class":59},[49,3338,2850],{"class":458},[49,3340,3341,3343,3345,3347,3350,3352],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,3342,3196],{"class":59},[49,3344,3199],{"class":1968},[49,3346,3202],{"class":63},[49,3348,3349],{"class":67},"str",[49,3351,1573],{"class":63},[49,3353,3209],{"class":59},[49,3355,3356],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,3357,3358],{"class":458},"3.7\n",[181,3360,1704],{"id":1703},[353,3362,3364],{"id":3363},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3366,3367],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[353,3369,3371],{"id":3370},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3373,3374],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[353,3376,3378],{"id":3377},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3380,3381],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[353,3383,3385],{"id":3384},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3387,3388,3390,3391,634,3393,3395,3396,32],{},[15,3389,2861],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3392,2780],{},[15,3394,2786],{}," before using ",[15,3397,1885],{},[353,3399,3401],{"id":3400},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3403,3404],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[181,3406,1775],{"id":1774},[194,3408,3409,3416,3422,3428,3433],{},[197,3410,3411],{},[820,3412,3413,3415],{"href":2777},[15,3414,2780],{}," function explained",[197,3417,3418],{},[820,3419,3420,3415],{"href":2783},[15,3421,2786],{},[197,3423,3424],{},[820,3425,3426,3415],{"href":2201},[15,3427,2204],{},[197,3429,3430],{},[820,3431,3432],{"href":2865},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[197,3434,3435],{},[820,3436,2322],{"href":2321},[1834,3438,3439],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":3441},[3442,3443,3444,3445,3446,3447,3453,3459,3460,3467],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":2002,"depth":74,"text":2003},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":2209,"depth":74,"text":2210},{"id":2325,"depth":74,"text":2326},{"id":2430,"depth":74,"text":2431,"children":3448},[3449,3450,3451,3452],{"id":2439,"depth":106,"text":2440},{"id":2540,"depth":106,"text":2541},{"id":2589,"depth":106,"text":2590},{"id":2656,"depth":106,"text":2657},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":3454},[3455,3456,3457,3458],{"id":2735,"depth":106,"text":2736},{"id":2869,"depth":106,"text":2870},{"id":2913,"depth":106,"text":2914},{"id":3032,"depth":106,"text":3033},{"id":3083,"depth":74,"text":3084},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":3461},[3462,3463,3464,3465,3466],{"id":3363,"depth":106,"text":3364},{"id":3370,"depth":106,"text":3371},{"id":3377,"depth":106,"text":3378},{"id":3384,"depth":106,"text":3385},{"id":3400,"depth":106,"text":3401},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1875,"description":3468},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3475,"title":3476,"body":3477,"description":5178,"extension":1866,"meta":5179,"navigation":128,"path":5180,"seo":5181,"stem":5182,"__hash__":5183},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3478,"toc":5142},[3479,3487,3493,3496,3512,3516,3572,3581,3586,3590,3609,3612,3629,3632,3636,3644,3661,3664,3704,3707,3714,3720,3795,3797,3828,3834,3838,3842,3881,3883,3892,3899,3903,3942,3944,3953,3963,3967,4022,4024,4032,4035,4038,4085,4087,4095,4101,4108,4113,4116,4119,4186,4188,4196,4199,4266,4268,4276,4290,4293,4304,4308,4314,4317,4319,4335,4337,4345,4348,4351,4354,4371,4374,4377,4407,4409,4422,4426,4430,4433,4448,4453,4456,4483,4489,4492,4531,4538,4544,4552,4555,4607,4614,4679,4684,4693,4696,4714,4720,4723,4865,4871,4876,4879,4890,4893,4949,4951,4959,4962,5021,5023,5031,5034,5045,5047,5054,5062,5071,5074,5081,5084,5092,5105,5107,5139],[10,3480,3482,3483,3486],{"id":3481},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3484,3485],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3488,3489,3490,3492],{},"Python’s ",[15,3491,3485],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3494,3495],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[194,3497,3498,3501,3504],{},[197,3499,3500],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[197,3502,3503],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[197,3505,3506,1000,3509,3511],{},[15,3507,3508],{},"all([])",[15,3510,633],{},", which often seems strange at first",[181,3513,3515],{"id":3514},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[40,3517,3519],{"className":42,"code":3518,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3520,3521,3543,3559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3522,3523,3526,3528,3531,3533,3535,3537,3539,3541],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3524,3525],{"class":55},"numbers ",[49,3527,60],{"class":59},[49,3529,3530],{"class":85}," [",[49,3532,1223],{"class":458},[49,3534,341],{"class":85},[49,3536,2896],{"class":458},[49,3538,341],{"class":85},[49,3540,2354],{"class":458},[49,3542,1244],{"class":85},[49,3544,3545,3547,3549,3552,3554,3557],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,3546,2131],{"class":55},[49,3548,60],{"class":59},[49,3550,3551],{"class":109}," all",[49,3553,92],{"class":85},[49,3555,3556],{"class":88},"numbers",[49,3558,103],{"class":85},[49,3560,3561,3563,3565,3567,3569],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,3562,110],{"class":109},[49,3564,92],{"class":85},[49,3566,2166],{"class":88},[49,3568,118],{"class":85},[49,3570,3571],{"class":121},"  # True\n",[20,3573,3574,1000,3576,3578,3579,32],{},[15,3575,3485],{},[15,3577,633],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3580,637],{},[181,3582,184,3584,187],{"id":3583},"what-all-does",[15,3585,3485],{},[20,3587,3588,1197],{},[15,3589,3485],{},[194,3591,3592,3595,3601,3606],{},[197,3593,3594],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[197,3596,3597,3598,3600],{},"returns ",[15,3599,633],{}," if all items are truthy",[197,3602,3597,3603,3605],{},[15,3604,637],{}," if any item is falsy",[197,3607,3608],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3610,3611],{},"Basic syntax:",[40,3613,3615],{"className":42,"code":3614,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3616,3617],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3618,3619,3622,3624,3627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3620,3621],{"class":109},"all",[49,3623,92],{"class":85},[49,3625,3626],{"class":88},"iterable",[49,3628,103],{"class":85},[20,3630,3631],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[181,3633,3635],{"id":3634},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3637,3638,3639,634,3641,3643],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3640,633],{},[15,3642,637],{}," in conditions.",[194,3645,3646,3654],{},[197,3647,3648,3651,3652],{},[666,3649,3650],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3653,633],{},[197,3655,3656,3651,3659],{},[666,3657,3658],{},"Falsy",[15,3660,637],{},[20,3662,3663],{},"Common falsy values include:",[194,3665,3666,3670,3675,3680,3685,3689,3694,3699],{},[197,3667,3668],{},[15,3669,516],{},[197,3671,3672],{},[15,3673,3674],{},"0.0",[197,3676,3677],{},[15,3678,3679],{},"''",[197,3681,3682],{},[15,3683,3684],{},"None",[197,3686,3687],{},[15,3688,637],{},[197,3690,3691],{},[15,3692,3693],{},"[]",[197,3695,3696],{},[15,3697,3698],{},"{}",[197,3700,3701],{},[15,3702,3703],{},"set()",[20,3705,3706],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3708,3709,3710,32],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[820,3711,3713],{"href":3712},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3715,3716,3717,1197],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3718,3719],{},"bool()",[40,3721,3723],{"className":42,"code":3722,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3724,3725,3761,3765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3726,3727,3730,3732,3734,3736,3738,3740,3742,3745,3747,3749,3751,3753,3755,3759],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3728,3729],{"class":55},"values ",[49,3731,60],{"class":59},[49,3733,3530],{"class":85},[49,3735,1223],{"class":458},[49,3737,341],{"class":85},[49,3739,770],{"class":458},[49,3741,341],{"class":85},[49,3743,3744],{"class":63}," ''",[49,3746,341],{"class":85},[49,3748,3202],{"class":63},[49,3750,917],{"class":67},[49,3752,1573],{"class":63},[49,3754,341],{"class":85},[49,3756,3758],{"class":3757},"s39Yj"," None",[49,3760,1244],{"class":85},[49,3762,3763],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,3764,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,3766,3767,3769,3771,3774,3776,3778,3780,3783,3786,3789,3792],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,3768,110],{"class":109},[49,3770,2889],{"class":85},[49,3772,3773],{"class":2804},"bool",[49,3775,92],{"class":85},[49,3777,283],{"class":88},[49,3779,118],{"class":85},[49,3781,3782],{"class":1210}," for",[49,3784,3785],{"class":88}," x ",[49,3787,3788],{"class":1210},"in",[49,3790,3791],{"class":88}," values",[49,3793,3794],{"class":85},"])\n",[20,3796,1974],{},[40,3798,3800],{"className":42,"code":3799,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3801,3802],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3803,3804,3806,3808,3810,3813,3815,3817,3819,3822,3824,3826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3805,1256],{"class":85},[49,3807,633],{"class":3757},[49,3809,341],{"class":85},[49,3811,3812],{"class":3757}," False",[49,3814,341],{"class":85},[49,3816,3812],{"class":3757},[49,3818,341],{"class":85},[49,3820,3821],{"class":3757}," True",[49,3823,341],{"class":85},[49,3825,3812],{"class":3757},[49,3827,1244],{"class":85},[20,3829,3830,3831,3833],{},"This matters because ",[15,3832,3485],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[181,3835,3837],{"id":3836},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[353,3839,3841],{"id":3840},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[40,3843,3845],{"className":42,"code":3844,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3846,3847,3867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3848,3849,3851,3853,3855,3857,3859,3861,3863,3865],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3850,3525],{"class":55},[49,3852,60],{"class":59},[49,3854,3530],{"class":85},[49,3856,1223],{"class":458},[49,3858,341],{"class":85},[49,3860,2896],{"class":458},[49,3862,341],{"class":85},[49,3864,2354],{"class":458},[49,3866,1244],{"class":85},[49,3868,3869,3871,3873,3875,3877,3879],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,3870,110],{"class":109},[49,3872,92],{"class":85},[49,3874,3621],{"class":109},[49,3876,92],{"class":85},[49,3878,3556],{"class":88},[49,3880,1581],{"class":85},[20,3882,1974],{},[40,3884,3886],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\n",[15,3887,3888],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3889,3890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3891,3885],{"class":3757},[20,3893,3894,3895,1000,3897,32],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3896,3485],{},[15,3898,633],{},[353,3900,3902],{"id":3901},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[40,3904,3906],{"className":42,"code":3905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3907,3908,3928],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3909,3910,3912,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3911,3525],{"class":55},[49,3913,60],{"class":59},[49,3915,3530],{"class":85},[49,3917,1223],{"class":458},[49,3919,341],{"class":85},[49,3921,770],{"class":458},[49,3923,341],{"class":85},[49,3925,2354],{"class":458},[49,3927,1244],{"class":85},[49,3929,3930,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,3931,110],{"class":109},[49,3933,92],{"class":85},[49,3935,3621],{"class":109},[49,3937,92],{"class":85},[49,3939,3556],{"class":88},[49,3941,1581],{"class":85},[20,3943,1974],{},[40,3945,3947],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\n",[15,3948,3949],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3950,3951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3952,3946],{"class":3757},[20,3954,3955,3956,3958,3959,1000,3961,32],{},"The value ",[15,3957,516],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3960,3485],{},[15,3962,637],{},[353,3964,3966],{"id":3965},"example-strings","Example: strings",[40,3968,3970],{"className":42,"code":3969,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3971,3972,4007],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,3973,3974,3977,3979,3981,3983,3986,3988,3990,3992,3994,3996,3998,4000,4003,4005],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,3975,3976],{"class":55},"words ",[49,3978,60],{"class":59},[49,3980,3530],{"class":85},[49,3982,1573],{"class":63},[49,3984,3985],{"class":67},"apple",[49,3987,1573],{"class":63},[49,3989,341],{"class":85},[49,3991,3202],{"class":63},[49,3993,230],{"class":67},[49,3995,1573],{"class":63},[49,3997,341],{"class":85},[49,3999,3202],{"class":63},[49,4001,4002],{"class":67},"cherry",[49,4004,1573],{"class":63},[49,4006,1244],{"class":85},[49,4008,4009,4011,4013,4015,4017,4020],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4010,110],{"class":109},[49,4012,92],{"class":85},[49,4014,3621],{"class":109},[49,4016,92],{"class":85},[49,4018,4019],{"class":88},"words",[49,4021,1581],{"class":85},[20,4023,1974],{},[40,4025,4026],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4027,4028],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4029,4030],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4031,3885],{"class":3757},[20,4033,4034],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4036,4037],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[40,4039,4041],{"className":42,"code":4040,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4042,4043,4071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4044,4045,4047,4049,4051,4053,4055,4057,4059,4061,4063,4065,4067,4069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4046,3976],{"class":55},[49,4048,60],{"class":59},[49,4050,3530],{"class":85},[49,4052,1573],{"class":63},[49,4054,3985],{"class":67},[49,4056,1573],{"class":63},[49,4058,341],{"class":85},[49,4060,3744],{"class":63},[49,4062,341],{"class":85},[49,4064,3202],{"class":63},[49,4066,4002],{"class":67},[49,4068,1573],{"class":63},[49,4070,1244],{"class":85},[49,4072,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4074,110],{"class":109},[49,4076,92],{"class":85},[49,4078,3621],{"class":109},[49,4080,92],{"class":85},[49,4082,4019],{"class":88},[49,4084,1581],{"class":85},[20,4086,1974],{},[40,4088,4089],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4090,4091],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4092,4093],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4094,3946],{"class":3757},[20,4096,4097,4098,4100],{},"The empty string ",[15,4099,3679],{}," is falsy.",[181,4102,4104,4105,4107],{"id":4103},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4106,3485],{}," works with conditions",[20,4109,4110,4112],{},[15,4111,3485],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4114,4115],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4117,4118],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[40,4120,4122],{"className":42,"code":4121,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4123,4124,4144,4172,4176],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4125,4126,4128,4130,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4127,3525],{"class":55},[49,4129,60],{"class":59},[49,4131,3530],{"class":85},[49,4133,1223],{"class":458},[49,4135,341],{"class":85},[49,4137,2896],{"class":458},[49,4139,341],{"class":85},[49,4141,2354],{"class":458},[49,4143,1244],{"class":85},[49,4145,4146,4148,4150,4152,4154,4156,4159,4161,4163,4165,4167,4170],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4147,2131],{"class":55},[49,4149,60],{"class":59},[49,4151,3551],{"class":109},[49,4153,92],{"class":85},[49,4155,2929],{"class":88},[49,4157,4158],{"class":59},">",[49,4160,770],{"class":458},[49,4162,3782],{"class":1210},[49,4164,3785],{"class":88},[49,4166,3788],{"class":1210},[49,4168,4169],{"class":88}," numbers",[49,4171,103],{"class":85},[49,4173,4174],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,4175,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,4177,4178,4180,4182,4184],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,4179,110],{"class":109},[49,4181,92],{"class":85},[49,4183,2166],{"class":88},[49,4185,103],{"class":85},[20,4187,1974],{},[40,4189,4190],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4191,4192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4193,4194],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4195,3885],{"class":3757},[20,4197,4198],{},"Here is one that fails:",[40,4200,4202],{"className":42,"code":4201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4203,4204,4226,4252,4256],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4205,4206,4208,4210,4212,4214,4216,4218,4220,4222,4224],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4207,3525],{"class":55},[49,4209,60],{"class":59},[49,4211,3530],{"class":85},[49,4213,1223],{"class":458},[49,4215,341],{"class":85},[49,4217,1220],{"class":59},[49,4219,312],{"class":458},[49,4221,341],{"class":85},[49,4223,2354],{"class":458},[49,4225,1244],{"class":85},[49,4227,4228,4230,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4242,4244,4246,4248,4250],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4229,2131],{"class":55},[49,4231,60],{"class":59},[49,4233,3551],{"class":109},[49,4235,92],{"class":85},[49,4237,2929],{"class":88},[49,4239,4158],{"class":59},[49,4241,770],{"class":458},[49,4243,3782],{"class":1210},[49,4245,3785],{"class":88},[49,4247,3788],{"class":1210},[49,4249,4169],{"class":88},[49,4251,103],{"class":85},[49,4253,4254],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,4255,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,4257,4258,4260,4262,4264],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,4259,110],{"class":109},[49,4261,92],{"class":85},[49,4263,2166],{"class":88},[49,4265,103],{"class":85},[20,4267,1974],{},[40,4269,4270],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4271,4272],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4273,4274],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4275,3946],{"class":3757},[20,4277,4278,4279,4282,4283,4285,4286,1000,4288,32],{},"The expression ",[15,4280,4281],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4284,633],{},", then ",[15,4287,3485],{},[15,4289,633],{},[20,4291,4292],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4294,4295,4296,380,4300,32],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[820,4297,4299],{"href":4298},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[820,4301,4303],{"href":4302},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[181,4305,4307],{"id":4306},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4309,4310,1000,4312,32],{},[15,4311,3508],{},[15,4313,633],{},[20,4315,4316],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4318,214],{},[40,4320,4322],{"className":42,"code":4321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4323,4324],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4325,4326,4328,4330,4332],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4327,110],{"class":109},[49,4329,92],{"class":85},[49,4331,3621],{"class":109},[49,4333,4334],{"class":85},"([]))\n",[20,4336,1974],{},[40,4338,4339],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4340,4341],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4342,4343],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4344,3885],{"class":3757},[20,4346,4347],{},"Why?",[20,4349,4350],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4352,4353],{},"Think of it this way:",[194,4355,4356,4363,4366],{},[197,4357,4358,1000,4360,4362],{},[15,4359,3485],{},[15,4361,637],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[197,4364,4365],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[197,4367,4368,4369],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4370,637],{},[20,4372,4373],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4375,4376],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[40,4378,4380],{"className":42,"code":4379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4381,4382,4393],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4383,4384,4386,4388,4390],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4385,110],{"class":109},[49,4387,92],{"class":85},[49,4389,3621],{"class":109},[49,4391,4392],{"class":85},"(()))\n",[49,4394,4395,4397,4399,4401,4403,4405],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4396,110],{"class":109},[49,4398,92],{"class":85},[49,4400,3621],{"class":109},[49,4402,92],{"class":85},[49,4404,3679],{"class":63},[49,4406,1581],{"class":85},[20,4408,1974],{},[40,4410,4412],{"className":42,"code":4411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4413,4414,4418],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4415,4416],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4417,3885],{"class":3757},[49,4419,4420],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4421,3885],{"class":3757},[181,4423,4425],{"id":4424},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[353,4427,4429],{"id":4428},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4431,4432],{},"This is wrong:",[40,4434,4436],{"className":42,"code":4435,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4437,4438,4443],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4439,4440],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4441,4442],{"class":121},"# Wrong\n",[49,4444,4445],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4446,4447],{"class":121},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4449,4450,4452],{},[15,4451,3485],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4454,4455],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[40,4457,4459],{"className":42,"code":4458,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4460,4461],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4462,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4464,110],{"class":109},[49,4466,92],{"class":85},[49,4468,3621],{"class":109},[49,4470,2889],{"class":85},[49,4472,1223],{"class":458},[49,4474,341],{"class":85},[49,4476,2896],{"class":458},[49,4478,341],{"class":85},[49,4480,2354],{"class":458},[49,4482,2903],{"class":85},[353,4484,1347,4486,4488],{"id":4485},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically",[15,4487,3485],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4490,4491],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[40,4493,4495],{"className":42,"code":4494,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4496,4497,4517],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4498,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511,4513,4515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4500,3525],{"class":55},[49,4502,60],{"class":59},[49,4504,3530],{"class":85},[49,4506,2040],{"class":458},[49,4508,341],{"class":85},[49,4510,459],{"class":458},[49,4512,341],{"class":85},[49,4514,459],{"class":458},[49,4516,1244],{"class":85},[49,4518,4519,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4520,110],{"class":109},[49,4522,92],{"class":85},[49,4524,3621],{"class":109},[49,4526,92],{"class":85},[49,4528,3556],{"class":88},[49,4530,1581],{"class":85},[20,4532,4533,4534,4537],{},"This does ",[666,4535,4536],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4539,4540,4541,4543],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4542,2040],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[40,4545,4546],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4547,4548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4549,4550],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4551,3885],{"class":3757},[20,4553,4554],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[40,4556,4558],{"className":42,"code":4557,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4559,4560,4580],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4561,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576,4578],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4563,3525],{"class":55},[49,4565,60],{"class":59},[49,4567,3530],{"class":85},[49,4569,2040],{"class":458},[49,4571,341],{"class":85},[49,4573,459],{"class":458},[49,4575,341],{"class":85},[49,4577,459],{"class":458},[49,4579,1244],{"class":85},[49,4581,4582,4584,4586,4588,4590,4592,4595,4597,4599,4601,4603,4605],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4583,110],{"class":109},[49,4585,92],{"class":85},[49,4587,3621],{"class":109},[49,4589,92],{"class":85},[49,4591,2929],{"class":88},[49,4593,4594],{"class":59},"==",[49,4596,459],{"class":458},[49,4598,3782],{"class":1210},[49,4600,3785],{"class":88},[49,4602,3788],{"class":1210},[49,4604,4169],{"class":88},[49,4606,1581],{"class":85},[353,4608,4610,4611,4613],{"id":4609},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4612,516],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[40,4615,4617],{"className":42,"code":4616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4618,4619,4645],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4620,4621,4623,4625,4627,4629,4631,4633,4635,4637,4639,4642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4622,110],{"class":109},[49,4624,92],{"class":85},[49,4626,3621],{"class":109},[49,4628,2889],{"class":85},[49,4630,1223],{"class":458},[49,4632,341],{"class":85},[49,4634,2896],{"class":458},[49,4636,341],{"class":85},[49,4638,770],{"class":458},[49,4640,4641],{"class":85},"]))",[49,4643,4644],{"class":121},"       # False\n",[49,4646,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663,4665,4668,4670,4672,4674,4676],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4648,110],{"class":109},[49,4650,92],{"class":85},[49,4652,3621],{"class":109},[49,4654,2889],{"class":85},[49,4656,1573],{"class":63},[49,4658,820],{"class":67},[49,4660,1573],{"class":63},[49,4662,341],{"class":85},[49,4664,3202],{"class":63},[49,4666,4667],{"class":67},"b",[49,4669,1573],{"class":63},[49,4671,341],{"class":85},[49,4673,3744],{"class":63},[49,4675,4641],{"class":85},[49,4677,4678],{"class":121},"  # False\n",[20,4680,4681,4682,32],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4683,637],{},[353,4685,4687,4688,4690,4691],{"id":4686},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4689,3508],{}," is ",[15,4692,633],{},[20,4694,4695],{},"This is expected behavior:",[40,4697,4699],{"className":42,"code":4698,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4700,4701],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4702,4703,4705,4707,4709,4712],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4704,110],{"class":109},[49,4706,92],{"class":85},[49,4708,3621],{"class":109},[49,4710,4711],{"class":85},"([]))",[49,4713,3571],{"class":121},[20,4715,4716,4717,4719],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4718,633],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4721,4722],{},"Useful quick tests:",[40,4724,4726],{"className":42,"code":4725,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4727,4728,4750,4772,4819,4855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4729,4730,4732,4734,4736,4738,4740,4742,4744,4746,4748],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4731,110],{"class":109},[49,4733,92],{"class":85},[49,4735,3621],{"class":109},[49,4737,2889],{"class":85},[49,4739,1223],{"class":458},[49,4741,341],{"class":85},[49,4743,2896],{"class":458},[49,4745,341],{"class":85},[49,4747,2354],{"class":458},[49,4749,2903],{"class":85},[49,4751,4752,4754,4756,4758,4760,4762,4764,4766,4768,4770],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4753,110],{"class":109},[49,4755,92],{"class":85},[49,4757,3621],{"class":109},[49,4759,2889],{"class":85},[49,4761,1223],{"class":458},[49,4763,341],{"class":85},[49,4765,770],{"class":458},[49,4767,341],{"class":85},[49,4769,2354],{"class":458},[49,4771,2903],{"class":85},[49,4773,4774,4776,4778,4780,4782,4784,4786,4788,4790,4792,4794,4796,4798,4800,4802,4804,4806,4808,4810,4812,4814,4816],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,4775,110],{"class":109},[49,4777,2889],{"class":85},[49,4779,3773],{"class":2804},[49,4781,92],{"class":85},[49,4783,283],{"class":88},[49,4785,118],{"class":85},[49,4787,3782],{"class":1210},[49,4789,3785],{"class":88},[49,4791,3788],{"class":1210},[49,4793,3530],{"class":85},[49,4795,1223],{"class":458},[49,4797,341],{"class":85},[49,4799,770],{"class":458},[49,4801,341],{"class":85},[49,4803,3744],{"class":63},[49,4805,341],{"class":85},[49,4807,3202],{"class":63},[49,4809,917],{"class":67},[49,4811,1573],{"class":63},[49,4813,341],{"class":85},[49,4815,3758],{"class":3757},[49,4817,4818],{"class":85},"]])\n",[49,4820,4821,4823,4825,4827,4829,4831,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,4822,110],{"class":109},[49,4824,92],{"class":85},[49,4826,3621],{"class":109},[49,4828,92],{"class":85},[49,4830,2929],{"class":88},[49,4832,4158],{"class":59},[49,4834,770],{"class":458},[49,4836,3782],{"class":1210},[49,4838,3785],{"class":88},[49,4840,3788],{"class":1210},[49,4842,3530],{"class":85},[49,4844,1223],{"class":458},[49,4846,341],{"class":85},[49,4848,2896],{"class":458},[49,4850,341],{"class":85},[49,4852,2354],{"class":458},[49,4854,2903],{"class":85},[49,4856,4857,4859,4861,4863],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,4858,110],{"class":109},[49,4860,92],{"class":85},[49,4862,3621],{"class":109},[49,4864,4334],{"class":85},[181,4866,4868,4869],{"id":4867},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4870,3485],{},[20,4872,4873,4875],{},[15,4874,3485],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4877,4878],{},"Common use cases:",[194,4880,4881,4884,4887],{},[197,4882,4883],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[197,4885,4886],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[197,4888,4889],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4891,4892],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[40,4894,4896],{"className":42,"code":4895,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4897,4898,4934],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4899,4900,4903,4905,4907,4909,4912,4914,4916,4918,4921,4923,4925,4927,4930,4932],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4901,4902],{"class":55},"names ",[49,4904,60],{"class":59},[49,4906,3530],{"class":85},[49,4908,1573],{"class":63},[49,4910,4911],{"class":67},"Alice",[49,4913,1573],{"class":63},[49,4915,341],{"class":85},[49,4917,3202],{"class":63},[49,4919,4920],{"class":67},"Bob",[49,4922,1573],{"class":63},[49,4924,341],{"class":85},[49,4926,3202],{"class":63},[49,4928,4929],{"class":67},"Charlie",[49,4931,1573],{"class":63},[49,4933,1244],{"class":85},[49,4935,4936,4938,4940,4942,4944,4947],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4937,110],{"class":109},[49,4939,92],{"class":85},[49,4941,3621],{"class":109},[49,4943,92],{"class":85},[49,4945,4946],{"class":88},"names",[49,4948,1581],{"class":85},[20,4950,1974],{},[40,4952,4953],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,4954,4955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4956,4957],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4958,3885],{"class":3757},[20,4960,4961],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[40,4963,4965],{"className":42,"code":4964,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4966,4967,4991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,4968,4969,4972,4974,4976,4979,4981,4984,4986,4989],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,4970,4971],{"class":55},"scores ",[49,4973,60],{"class":59},[49,4975,3530],{"class":85},[49,4977,4978],{"class":458},"75",[49,4980,341],{"class":85},[49,4982,4983],{"class":458}," 80",[49,4985,341],{"class":85},[49,4987,4988],{"class":458}," 50",[49,4990,1244],{"class":85},[49,4992,4993,4995,4997,4999,5001,5004,5007,5009,5011,5014,5016,5019],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,4994,110],{"class":109},[49,4996,92],{"class":85},[49,4998,3621],{"class":109},[49,5000,92],{"class":85},[49,5002,5003],{"class":88},"score ",[49,5005,5006],{"class":59},">=",[49,5008,4988],{"class":458},[49,5010,3782],{"class":1210},[49,5012,5013],{"class":88}," score ",[49,5015,3788],{"class":1210},[49,5017,5018],{"class":88}," scores",[49,5020,1581],{"class":85},[20,5022,1974],{},[40,5024,5025],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5026,5027],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5028,5029],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5030,3885],{"class":3757},[20,5032,5033],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5035,5036,5037,380,5041,32],{},"For related tasks, see ",[820,5038,5040],{"href":5039},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[820,5042,5044],{"href":5043},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[181,5046,1704],{"id":1703},[353,5048,5050,5051,5053],{"id":5049},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5052,3485],{}," return in Python?",[20,5055,1714,5056,5058,5059,5061],{},[15,5057,633],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5060,637],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[353,5063,5065,5066,5068,5069,2394],{"id":5064},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5067,3508],{}," return ",[15,5070,633],{},[20,5072,5073],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[353,5075,5077,5078,5080],{"id":5076},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5079,3485],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5082,5083],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[353,5085,1740,5087,380,5089,2394],{"id":5086},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,5088,3485],{},[15,5090,5091],{},"any()",[20,5093,5094,5096,5097,5099,5100,32],{},[15,5095,3485],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5098,5091],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[820,5101,3482,5103,3415],{"href":5102},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5104,5091],{},[181,5106,1775],{"id":1774},[194,5108,5109,5115,5119,5124,5129,5134],{},[197,5110,5111],{},[820,5112,3482,5113,3415],{"href":5102},[15,5114,5091],{},[197,5116,5117],{},[820,5118,3713],{"href":3712},[197,5120,5121],{},[820,5122,5123],{"href":5043},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[197,5125,5126],{},[820,5127,5128],{"href":5039},"How to filter a list in Python",[197,5130,5131],{},[820,5132,5133],{"href":4298},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[197,5135,5136],{},[820,5137,5138],{"href":4302},"What is an iterable in Python",[1834,5140,5141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":5143},[5144,5145,5147,5148,5153,5155,5156,5165,5167,5177],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":3583,"depth":74,"text":5146},"What all() does",{"id":3634,"depth":74,"text":3635},{"id":3836,"depth":74,"text":3837,"children":5149},[5150,5151,5152],{"id":3840,"depth":106,"text":3841},{"id":3901,"depth":106,"text":3902},{"id":3965,"depth":106,"text":3966},{"id":4103,"depth":74,"text":5154},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4306,"depth":74,"text":4307},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":5157},[5158,5159,5161,5163],{"id":4428,"depth":106,"text":4429},{"id":4485,"depth":106,"text":5160},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4609,"depth":106,"text":5162},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4686,"depth":106,"text":5164},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4867,"depth":74,"text":5166},"When to use all()",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":5168},[5169,5171,5173,5175],{"id":5049,"depth":106,"text":5170},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5064,"depth":106,"text":5172},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5076,"depth":106,"text":5174},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5086,"depth":106,"text":5176},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3476,"description":5178},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5185,"title":5186,"body":5187,"description":6874,"extension":1866,"meta":6875,"navigation":128,"path":5102,"seo":6876,"stem":6877,"__hash__":6878},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5188,"toc":6852},[5189,5192,5200,5203,5220,5228,5271,5280,5284,5289,5292,5309,5312,5323,5335,5339,5342,5357,5362,5365,5377,5380,5464,5467,5488,5494,5496,5504,5518,5520,5554,5556,5559,5620,5622,5639,5642,5669,5671,5679,5691,5695,5698,5737,5739,5747,5749,5765,5773,5776,5819,5821,5829,5834,5838,5846,5849,5876,5879,5882,5955,5957,5965,5972,5996,6007,6010,6089,6091,6099,6106,6110,6115,6130,6132,6140,6143,6149,6152,6198,6200,6217,6221,6226,6237,6240,6352,6355,6414,6420,6422,6427,6431,6433,6452,6458,6461,6480,6484,6493,6520,6522,6530,6538,6542,6548,6571,6573,6581,6588,6592,6595,6646,6649,6700,6703,6705,6709,6716,6720,6727,6731,6739,6743,6746,6768,6770,6820,6822,6849],[10,5190,5186],{"id":5191},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5193,5194,5196,5197,32],{},[15,5195,5091],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[666,5198,5199],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5201,5202],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[194,5204,5205,5208,5211,5214,5217],{},[197,5206,5207],{},"lists",[197,5209,5210],{},"tuples",[197,5212,5213],{},"sets",[197,5215,5216],{},"strings",[197,5218,5219],{},"generator expressions",[20,5221,5222,5223,634,5225,5227],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5224,633],{},[15,5226,637],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[40,5229,5231],{"className":42,"code":5230,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5232,5233,5253],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5234,5235,5237,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247,5249,5251],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5236,3729],{"class":55},[49,5238,60],{"class":59},[49,5240,3530],{"class":85},[49,5242,516],{"class":458},[49,5244,341],{"class":85},[49,5246,3744],{"class":63},[49,5248,341],{"class":85},[49,5250,459],{"class":458},[49,5252,1244],{"class":85},[49,5254,5255,5257,5259,5262,5264,5267,5269],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,5256,110],{"class":109},[49,5258,92],{"class":85},[49,5260,5261],{"class":109},"any",[49,5263,92],{"class":85},[49,5265,5266],{"class":88},"values",[49,5268,261],{"class":85},[49,5270,3571],{"class":121},[20,5272,35,5273,5276,5277,5279],{},[15,5274,5275],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5278,633],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[181,5281,5283],{"id":5282},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5285,5286,5288],{},[15,5287,5091],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5290,5291],{},"It returns:",[194,5293,5294,5299,5304],{},[197,5295,5296,5298],{},[15,5297,633],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[197,5300,5301,5303],{},[15,5302,637],{}," if all items are falsy",[197,5305,5306,5308],{},[15,5307,637],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5310,5311],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[194,5313,5314,5317,5320],{},[197,5315,5316],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[197,5318,5319],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[197,5321,5322],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5324,5325,5326,5329,5330,32],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[666,5327,5328],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[820,5331,5333],{"href":5332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5334,3485],{},[181,5336,5338],{"id":5337},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5340,5341],{},"The syntax is simple:",[40,5343,5345],{"className":42,"code":5344,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5346,5347],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5348,5349,5351,5353,5355],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5350,5261],{"class":109},[49,5352,92],{"class":85},[49,5354,3626],{"class":88},[49,5356,103],{"class":85},[20,5358,5359,5360,32],{},"The argument must be an ",[666,5361,3626],{},[20,5363,5364],{},"Common inputs include:",[194,5366,5367,5369,5371,5373,5375],{},[197,5368,5207],{},[197,5370,5210],{},[197,5372,5213],{},[197,5374,5216],{},[197,5376,5219],{},[20,5378,5379],{},"For example:",[40,5381,5383],{"className":42,"code":5382,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5384,5385,5407,5426,5446],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5386,5387,5389,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5388,110],{"class":109},[49,5390,92],{"class":85},[49,5392,5261],{"class":109},[49,5394,2889],{"class":85},[49,5396,516],{"class":458},[49,5398,341],{"class":85},[49,5400,770],{"class":458},[49,5402,341],{"class":85},[49,5404,1264],{"class":458},[49,5406,2903],{"class":85},[49,5408,5409,5411,5413,5415,5418,5420,5422,5424],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,5410,110],{"class":109},[49,5412,92],{"class":85},[49,5414,5261],{"class":109},[49,5416,5417],{"class":85},"((",[49,5419,637],{"class":3757},[49,5421,341],{"class":85},[49,5423,3812],{"class":3757},[49,5425,2815],{"class":85},[49,5427,5428,5430,5432,5434,5437,5439,5441,5443],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,5429,110],{"class":109},[49,5431,92],{"class":85},[49,5433,5261],{"class":109},[49,5435,5436],{"class":85},"({",[49,5438,516],{"class":458},[49,5440,341],{"class":85},[49,5442,2896],{"class":458},[49,5444,5445],{"class":85},"}))\n",[49,5447,5448,5450,5452,5454,5456,5458,5460,5462],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,5449,110],{"class":109},[49,5451,92],{"class":85},[49,5453,5261],{"class":109},[49,5455,92],{"class":85},[49,5457,95],{"class":63},[49,5459,917],{"class":67},[49,5461,95],{"class":63},[49,5463,1581],{"class":85},[20,5465,5466],{},"Expected output:",[40,5468,5470],{"className":42,"code":5469,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5471,5472,5476,5480,5484],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5473,5474],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5475,3885],{"class":3757},[49,5477,5478],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,5479,3946],{"class":3757},[49,5481,5482],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,5483,3885],{"class":3757},[49,5485,5486],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,5487,3885],{"class":3757},[20,5489,5490,5491,32],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[820,5492,5044],{"href":5493},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[181,5495,3635],{"id":3634},[20,5497,3638,5498,634,5501,3643],{},[666,5499,5500],{},"truthy",[666,5502,5503],{},"falsy",[194,5505,5506,5512],{},[197,5507,5508,3651,5510],{},[666,5509,3650],{},[15,5511,633],{},[197,5513,5514,3651,5516],{},[666,5515,3658],{},[15,5517,637],{},[20,5519,3663],{},[194,5521,5522,5526,5530,5534,5538,5542,5546,5550],{},[197,5523,5524],{},[15,5525,637],{},[197,5527,5528],{},[15,5529,516],{},[197,5531,5532],{},[15,5533,3674],{},[197,5535,5536],{},[15,5537,3679],{},[197,5539,5540],{},[15,5541,3693],{},[197,5543,5544],{},[15,5545,3698],{},[197,5547,5548],{},[15,5549,3703],{},[197,5551,5552],{},[15,5553,3684],{},[20,5555,3706],{},[20,5557,5558],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[40,5560,5562],{"className":42,"code":5561,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5563,5564,5578,5596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5565,5566,5568,5570,5572,5574,5576],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5567,110],{"class":109},[49,5569,92],{"class":85},[49,5571,5261],{"class":109},[49,5573,2889],{"class":85},[49,5575,1223],{"class":458},[49,5577,2903],{"class":85},[49,5579,5580,5582,5584,5586,5588,5590,5592,5594],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,5581,110],{"class":109},[49,5583,92],{"class":85},[49,5585,5261],{"class":109},[49,5587,2889],{"class":85},[49,5589,1573],{"class":63},[49,5591,917],{"class":67},[49,5593,1573],{"class":63},[49,5595,2903],{"class":85},[49,5597,5598,5600,5602,5604,5607,5609,5611,5613,5615,5617],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,5599,110],{"class":109},[49,5601,92],{"class":85},[49,5603,5261],{"class":109},[49,5605,5606],{"class":85},"([[",[49,5608,1223],{"class":458},[49,5610,341],{"class":85},[49,5612,2896],{"class":458},[49,5614,341],{"class":85},[49,5616,2354],{"class":458},[49,5618,5619],{"class":85},"]]))\n",[20,5621,5466],{},[40,5623,5625],{"className":42,"code":5624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5626,5627,5631,5635],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5628,5629],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5630,3885],{"class":3757},[49,5632,5633],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,5634,3885],{"class":3757},[49,5636,5637],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,5638,3885],{"class":3757},[20,5640,5641],{},"And these are all falsy:",[40,5643,5645],{"className":42,"code":5644,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5646,5647],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5648,5649,5651,5653,5655,5657,5659,5661,5663,5665,5667],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5650,110],{"class":109},[49,5652,92],{"class":85},[49,5654,5261],{"class":109},[49,5656,2889],{"class":85},[49,5658,516],{"class":458},[49,5660,341],{"class":85},[49,5662,3744],{"class":63},[49,5664,341],{"class":85},[49,5666,3758],{"class":3757},[49,5668,2903],{"class":85},[20,5670,5466],{},[40,5672,5673],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5674,5675],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5676,5677],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5678,3946],{"class":3757},[20,5680,5681,5682,380,5685,32],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[820,5683,3713],{"href":5684},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[820,5686,5688,5690],{"href":5687},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5689,3719],{}," explained",[181,5692,5694],{"id":5693},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5696,5697],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[40,5699,5701],{"className":42,"code":5700,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5702,5703,5723],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5704,5705,5707,5709,5711,5713,5715,5717,5719,5721],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5706,3729],{"class":55},[49,5708,60],{"class":59},[49,5710,3530],{"class":85},[49,5712,516],{"class":458},[49,5714,341],{"class":85},[49,5716,3744],{"class":63},[49,5718,341],{"class":85},[49,5720,459],{"class":458},[49,5722,1244],{"class":85},[49,5724,5725,5727,5729,5731,5733,5735],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,5726,110],{"class":109},[49,5728,92],{"class":85},[49,5730,5261],{"class":109},[49,5732,92],{"class":85},[49,5734,5266],{"class":88},[49,5736,1581],{"class":85},[20,5738,1974],{},[40,5740,5741],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5742,5743],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5744,5745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5746,3885],{"class":3757},[20,5748,4347],{},[194,5750,5751,5756,5760],{},[197,5752,5753,5755],{},[15,5754,516],{}," is falsy",[197,5757,5758,5755],{},[15,5759,3679],{},[197,5761,5762,5764],{},[15,5763,2040],{}," is truthy",[20,5766,5767,5768,1000,5771,32],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5769,5770],{},"any(values)",[15,5772,633],{},[20,5774,5775],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[40,5777,5779],{"className":42,"code":5778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5780,5781,5805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5782,5783,5785,5787,5789,5791,5793,5795,5797,5799,5801,5803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5784,3729],{"class":55},[49,5786,60],{"class":59},[49,5788,3530],{"class":85},[49,5790,516],{"class":458},[49,5792,341],{"class":85},[49,5794,3744],{"class":63},[49,5796,341],{"class":85},[49,5798,3758],{"class":3757},[49,5800,341],{"class":85},[49,5802,3812],{"class":3757},[49,5804,1244],{"class":85},[49,5806,5807,5809,5811,5813,5815,5817],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,5808,110],{"class":109},[49,5810,92],{"class":85},[49,5812,5261],{"class":109},[49,5814,92],{"class":85},[49,5816,5266],{"class":88},[49,5818,1581],{"class":85},[20,5820,1974],{},[40,5822,5823],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5824,5825],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5826,5827],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5828,3946],{"class":3757},[20,5830,5831,5832,32],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5833,637],{},[181,5835,5837],{"id":5836},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5839,5840,5842,5843,32],{},[15,5841,5091],{}," is often used with a ",[666,5844,5845],{},"generator expression",[20,5847,5848],{},"This is a common pattern:",[40,5850,5852],{"className":42,"code":5851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5853,5854],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5855,5856,5858,5860,5863,5866,5869,5871,5874],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5857,5261],{"class":109},[49,5859,92],{"class":85},[49,5861,5862],{"class":88},"condition ",[49,5864,5865],{"class":1210},"for",[49,5867,5868],{"class":88}," item ",[49,5870,3788],{"class":1210},[49,5872,5873],{"class":88}," items",[49,5875,103],{"class":85},[20,5877,5878],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5880,5881],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[40,5883,5885],{"className":42,"code":5884,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5886,5887,5914,5918,5945],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5888,5889,5891,5893,5895,5897,5899,5901,5903,5905,5907,5909,5912],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5890,3525],{"class":55},[49,5892,60],{"class":59},[49,5894,3530],{"class":85},[49,5896,2407],{"class":458},[49,5898,341],{"class":85},[49,5900,493],{"class":458},[49,5902,341],{"class":85},[49,5904,1220],{"class":59},[49,5906,312],{"class":458},[49,5908,341],{"class":85},[49,5910,5911],{"class":458}," 10",[49,5913,1244],{"class":85},[49,5915,5916],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,5917,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,5919,5920,5922,5924,5927,5929,5931,5933,5935,5937,5939,5941,5943],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,5921,2131],{"class":55},[49,5923,60],{"class":59},[49,5925,5926],{"class":109}," any",[49,5928,92],{"class":85},[49,5930,2929],{"class":88},[49,5932,3196],{"class":59},[49,5934,770],{"class":458},[49,5936,3782],{"class":1210},[49,5938,3785],{"class":88},[49,5940,3788],{"class":1210},[49,5942,4169],{"class":88},[49,5944,103],{"class":85},[49,5946,5947,5949,5951,5953],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,5948,110],{"class":109},[49,5950,92],{"class":85},[49,5952,2166],{"class":88},[49,5954,103],{"class":85},[20,5956,1974],{},[40,5958,5959],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,5960,5961],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,5962,5963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,5964,3885],{"class":3757},[20,5966,5967,5968,5971],{},"This works because ",[15,5969,5970],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[194,5973,5974,5982,5989],{},[197,5975,5976,5979,5980],{},[15,5977,5978],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5981,637],{},[197,5983,5984,5979,5987],{},[15,5985,5986],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5988,637],{},[197,5990,5991,5979,5994],{},[15,5992,5993],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5995,633],{},[20,5997,5998,5999,6001,6002,6004,6005,32],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6000,633],{}," result, ",[15,6003,5091],{}," can return ",[15,6006,633],{},[20,6008,6009],{},"Here is another example:",[40,6011,6013],{"className":42,"code":6012,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6014,6015,6044,6048,6078],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6016,6017,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031,6034,6036,6038,6040,6042],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6018,3976],{"class":55},[49,6020,60],{"class":59},[49,6022,3530],{"class":85},[49,6024,95],{"class":63},[49,6026,3985],{"class":67},[49,6028,95],{"class":63},[49,6030,341],{"class":85},[49,6032,6033],{"class":63}," \"\"",[49,6035,341],{"class":85},[49,6037,64],{"class":63},[49,6039,230],{"class":67},[49,6041,95],{"class":63},[49,6043,1244],{"class":85},[49,6045,6046],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,6047,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,6049,6050,6053,6055,6057,6059,6062,6064,6066,6068,6071,6073,6076],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,6051,6052],{"class":55},"has_empty_string ",[49,6054,60],{"class":59},[49,6056,5926],{"class":109},[49,6058,92],{"class":85},[49,6060,6061],{"class":88},"word ",[49,6063,4594],{"class":59},[49,6065,6033],{"class":63},[49,6067,3782],{"class":1210},[49,6069,6070],{"class":88}," word ",[49,6072,3788],{"class":1210},[49,6074,6075],{"class":88}," words",[49,6077,103],{"class":85},[49,6079,6080,6082,6084,6087],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,6081,110],{"class":109},[49,6083,92],{"class":85},[49,6085,6086],{"class":88},"has_empty_string",[49,6088,103],{"class":85},[20,6090,1974],{},[40,6092,6093],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6094,6095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6096,6097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6098,3885],{"class":3757},[20,6100,6101,6102,32],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[820,6103,6105],{"href":6104},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[181,6107,6109],{"id":6108},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6111,6112,6113,1197],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6114,637],{},[40,6116,6118],{"className":42,"code":6117,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6119,6120],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6121,6122,6124,6126,6128],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6123,110],{"class":109},[49,6125,92],{"class":85},[49,6127,5261],{"class":109},[49,6129,4334],{"class":85},[20,6131,1974],{},[40,6133,6134],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6135,6136],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6137,6138],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6139,3946],{"class":3757},[20,6141,6142],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6144,6145,6146,6148],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6147,5091],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6150,6151],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[40,6153,6155],{"className":42,"code":6154,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6156,6157,6167,6182],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6158,6159,6161,6163,6165],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6160,110],{"class":109},[49,6162,92],{"class":85},[49,6164,5261],{"class":109},[49,6166,4392],{"class":85},[49,6168,6169,6171,6173,6175,6177,6180],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,6170,110],{"class":109},[49,6172,92],{"class":85},[49,6174,5261],{"class":109},[49,6176,92],{"class":85},[49,6178,6179],{"class":63},"\"\"",[49,6181,1581],{"class":85},[49,6183,6184,6186,6188,6190,6192,6195],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,6185,110],{"class":109},[49,6187,92],{"class":85},[49,6189,5261],{"class":109},[49,6191,92],{"class":85},[49,6193,6194],{"class":2804},"set",[49,6196,6197],{"class":85},"()))\n",[20,6199,1974],{},[40,6201,6203],{"className":42,"code":6202,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6204,6205,6209,6213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6206,6207],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6208,3946],{"class":3757},[49,6210,6211],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,6212,3946],{"class":3757},[49,6214,6215],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,6216,3946],{"class":3757},[181,6218,6220],{"id":6219},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6222,35,6223,6225],{},[15,6224,5091],{}," when you want to:",[194,6227,6228,6231,6234],{},[197,6229,6230],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[197,6232,6233],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[197,6235,6236],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6238,6239],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[40,6241,6243],{"className":42,"code":6242,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6244,6245,6270,6274,6284,6288,6301,6320,6330,6335,6340],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6246,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6268],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6248,3525],{"class":55},[49,6250,60],{"class":59},[49,6252,3530],{"class":85},[49,6254,1223],{"class":458},[49,6256,341],{"class":85},[49,6258,2354],{"class":458},[49,6260,341],{"class":85},[49,6262,459],{"class":458},[49,6264,341],{"class":85},[49,6266,6267],{"class":458}," 8",[49,6269,1244],{"class":85},[49,6271,6272],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,6273,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,6275,6276,6279,6281],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,6277,6278],{"class":55},"found_even ",[49,6280,60],{"class":59},[49,6282,6283],{"class":3757}," False\n",[49,6285,6286],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,6287,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,6289,6290,6292,6295,6297,6299],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,6291,5865],{"class":1210},[49,6293,6294],{"class":55}," number ",[49,6296,3788],{"class":1210},[49,6298,4169],{"class":55},[49,6300,1226],{"class":85},[49,6302,6303,6306,6308,6311,6313,6316,6318],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,6304,6305],{"class":1210},"    if",[49,6307,6294],{"class":55},[49,6309,6310],{"class":59},"%",[49,6312,2896],{"class":458},[49,6314,6315],{"class":59}," ==",[49,6317,770],{"class":458},[49,6319,1226],{"class":85},[49,6321,6322,6325,6327],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,6323,6324],{"class":55},"        found_even ",[49,6326,60],{"class":59},[49,6328,6329],{"class":3757}," True\n",[49,6331,6332],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,6333,6334],{"class":1210},"        break\n",[49,6336,6338],{"class":51,"line":6337},9,[49,6339,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,6341,6343,6345,6347,6350],{"class":51,"line":6342},10,[49,6344,110],{"class":109},[49,6346,92],{"class":85},[49,6348,6349],{"class":88},"found_even",[49,6351,103],{"class":85},[20,6353,6354],{},"You can write:",[40,6356,6358],{"className":42,"code":6357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6359,6360,6384],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6361,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6363,3525],{"class":55},[49,6365,60],{"class":59},[49,6367,3530],{"class":85},[49,6369,1223],{"class":458},[49,6371,341],{"class":85},[49,6373,2354],{"class":458},[49,6375,341],{"class":85},[49,6377,459],{"class":458},[49,6379,341],{"class":85},[49,6381,6267],{"class":458},[49,6383,1244],{"class":85},[49,6385,6386,6388,6390,6392,6394,6396,6398,6400,6402,6404,6406,6408,6410,6412],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,6387,110],{"class":109},[49,6389,92],{"class":85},[49,6391,5261],{"class":109},[49,6393,92],{"class":85},[49,6395,2119],{"class":88},[49,6397,6310],{"class":59},[49,6399,2896],{"class":458},[49,6401,6315],{"class":59},[49,6403,770],{"class":458},[49,6405,3782],{"class":1210},[49,6407,6294],{"class":88},[49,6409,3788],{"class":1210},[49,6411,4169],{"class":88},[49,6413,1581],{"class":85},[20,6415,6416,6417,6419],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6418,5091],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[181,6421,4425],{"id":4424},[20,6423,6424,6425,32],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6426,5091],{},[353,6428,6430],{"id":6429},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6432,4432],{},[40,6434,6436],{"className":42,"code":6435,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6437,6438],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6439,6440,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6441,110],{"class":109},[49,6443,92],{"class":85},[49,6445,5261],{"class":109},[49,6447,92],{"class":85},[49,6449,2040],{"class":458},[49,6451,1581],{"class":85},[20,6453,6454,6455,6457],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6456,2040],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6459,6460],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[40,6462,6464],{"className":42,"code":6463,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6465,6466],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6467,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6469,110],{"class":109},[49,6471,92],{"class":85},[49,6473,5261],{"class":109},[49,6475,2889],{"class":85},[49,6477,2040],{"class":458},[49,6479,2903],{"class":85},[353,6481,6483],{"id":6482},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6485,6486,6488,6489,6492],{},[15,6487,5091],{}," needs only ",[666,6490,6491],{},"one"," truthy item.",[40,6494,6496],{"className":42,"code":6495,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6497,6498],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6499,6500,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6516,6518],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6501,110],{"class":109},[49,6503,92],{"class":85},[49,6505,5261],{"class":109},[49,6507,2889],{"class":85},[49,6509,637],{"class":3757},[49,6511,341],{"class":85},[49,6513,3812],{"class":3757},[49,6515,341],{"class":85},[49,6517,3821],{"class":3757},[49,6519,2903],{"class":85},[20,6521,1974],{},[40,6523,6524],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6525,6526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6527,6528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6529,3885],{"class":3757},[20,6531,6532,6533,6537],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[820,6534,6535],{"href":5332},[15,6536,3485],{}," instead.",[353,6539,6541],{"id":6540},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6543,6544,6545,32],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6546,6547],{},"\"True\"",[40,6549,6551],{"className":42,"code":6550,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6552,6553],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6554,6555,6557,6559,6561,6563,6565,6567,6569],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6556,110],{"class":109},[49,6558,92],{"class":85},[49,6560,5261],{"class":109},[49,6562,2889],{"class":85},[49,6564,95],{"class":63},[49,6566,637],{"class":67},[49,6568,95],{"class":63},[49,6570,2903],{"class":85},[20,6572,1974],{},[40,6574,6575],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6576,6577],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6578,6579],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6580,3885],{"class":3757},[20,6582,6583,6584,6587],{},"That is because ",[15,6585,6586],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[353,6589,6591],{"id":6590},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6593,6594],{},"This works:",[40,6596,6598],{"className":42,"code":6597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6599,6600,6620],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6601,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614,6616,6618],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6603,3525],{"class":55},[49,6605,60],{"class":59},[49,6607,3530],{"class":85},[49,6609,1223],{"class":458},[49,6611,341],{"class":85},[49,6613,2896],{"class":458},[49,6615,341],{"class":85},[49,6617,2354],{"class":458},[49,6619,1244],{"class":85},[49,6621,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,6623,110],{"class":109},[49,6625,92],{"class":85},[49,6627,5261],{"class":109},[49,6629,2889],{"class":85},[49,6631,2929],{"class":88},[49,6633,4158],{"class":59},[49,6635,2896],{"class":458},[49,6637,3782],{"class":1210},[49,6639,3785],{"class":88},[49,6641,3788],{"class":1210},[49,6643,4169],{"class":88},[49,6645,2903],{"class":85},[20,6647,6648],{},"But this is usually better:",[40,6650,6652],{"className":42,"code":6651,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6653,6654,6674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6655,6656,6658,6660,6662,6664,6666,6668,6670,6672],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6657,3525],{"class":55},[49,6659,60],{"class":59},[49,6661,3530],{"class":85},[49,6663,1223],{"class":458},[49,6665,341],{"class":85},[49,6667,2896],{"class":458},[49,6669,341],{"class":85},[49,6671,2354],{"class":458},[49,6673,1244],{"class":85},[49,6675,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690,6692,6694,6696,6698],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,6677,110],{"class":109},[49,6679,92],{"class":85},[49,6681,5261],{"class":109},[49,6683,92],{"class":85},[49,6685,2929],{"class":88},[49,6687,4158],{"class":59},[49,6689,2896],{"class":458},[49,6691,3782],{"class":1210},[49,6693,3785],{"class":88},[49,6695,3788],{"class":1210},[49,6697,4169],{"class":88},[49,6699,1581],{"class":85},[20,6701,6702],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[181,6704,1704],{"id":1703},[353,6706,6708],{"id":6707},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6710,1714,6711,6713,6714,32],{},[15,6712,633],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6715,637],{},[353,6717,6719],{"id":6718},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6721,6722,1000,6724,6726],{},[15,6723,5091],{},[15,6725,637],{}," for an empty iterable.",[353,6728,6730],{"id":6729},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6732,6733,6735,6736,6738],{},[15,6734,5091],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6737,3485],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[353,6740,6742],{"id":6741},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6744,6745],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[40,6747,6748],{"className":42,"code":5851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6749,6750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6751,6752,6754,6756,6758,6760,6762,6764,6766],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6753,5261],{"class":109},[49,6755,92],{"class":85},[49,6757,5862],{"class":88},[49,6759,5865],{"class":1210},[49,6761,5868],{"class":88},[49,6763,3788],{"class":1210},[49,6765,5873],{"class":88},[49,6767,103],{"class":85},[20,6769,5379],{},[40,6771,6772],{"className":42,"code":6651,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,6773,6774,6794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6775,6776,6778,6780,6782,6784,6786,6788,6790,6792],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6777,3525],{"class":55},[49,6779,60],{"class":59},[49,6781,3530],{"class":85},[49,6783,1223],{"class":458},[49,6785,341],{"class":85},[49,6787,2896],{"class":458},[49,6789,341],{"class":85},[49,6791,2354],{"class":458},[49,6793,1244],{"class":85},[49,6795,6796,6798,6800,6802,6804,6806,6808,6810,6812,6814,6816,6818],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,6797,110],{"class":109},[49,6799,92],{"class":85},[49,6801,5261],{"class":109},[49,6803,92],{"class":85},[49,6805,2929],{"class":88},[49,6807,4158],{"class":59},[49,6809,2896],{"class":458},[49,6811,3782],{"class":1210},[49,6813,3785],{"class":88},[49,6815,3788],{"class":1210},[49,6817,4169],{"class":88},[49,6819,1581],{"class":85},[181,6821,1775],{"id":1774},[194,6823,6824,6830,6834,6838,6843],{},[197,6825,6826],{},[820,6827,6828,3415],{"href":5332},[15,6829,3485],{},[197,6831,6832],{},[820,6833,3713],{"href":5684},[197,6835,6836],{},[820,6837,5123],{"href":5493},[197,6839,6840],{},[820,6841,6842],{"href":6104},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[197,6844,6845],{},[820,6846,6847,3415],{"href":5687},[15,6848,3719],{},[1834,6850,6851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":6853},[6854,6855,6856,6857,6858,6859,6860,6861,6867,6873],{"id":5282,"depth":74,"text":5283},{"id":5337,"depth":74,"text":5338},{"id":3634,"depth":74,"text":3635},{"id":5693,"depth":74,"text":5694},{"id":5836,"depth":74,"text":5837},{"id":6108,"depth":74,"text":6109},{"id":6219,"depth":74,"text":6220},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":6862},[6863,6864,6865,6866],{"id":6429,"depth":106,"text":6430},{"id":6482,"depth":106,"text":6483},{"id":6540,"depth":106,"text":6541},{"id":6590,"depth":106,"text":6591},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":6868},[6869,6870,6871,6872],{"id":6707,"depth":106,"text":6708},{"id":6718,"depth":106,"text":6719},{"id":6729,"depth":106,"text":6730},{"id":6741,"depth":106,"text":6742},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5186,"description":6874},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6880,"title":6881,"body":6882,"description":9009,"extension":1866,"meta":9010,"navigation":128,"path":9011,"seo":9012,"stem":9013,"__hash__":9014},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6883,"toc":8972},[6884,6887,6896,6905,6907,7004,7006,7035,7051,7055,7060,7063,7073,7079,7085,7101,7103,7111,7118,7122,7125,7140,7145,7163,7168,7170,7218,7220,7237,7241,7247,7250,7285,7287,7393,7395,7432,7436,7444,7446,7466,7468,7589,7591,7620,7623,7646,7648,7656,7664,7668,7674,7678,7721,7723,7731,7734,7762,7764,7772,7776,7805,7807,7815,7847,7849,7857,7861,7912,7914,7922,7930,7934,7937,7989,7991,8012,8019,8023,8029,8032,8040,8062,8064,8072,8080,8103,8105,8113,8118,8123,8135,8137,8178,8189,8193,8202,8205,8208,8266,8269,8321,8324,8329,8345,8351,8353,8358,8365,8368,8390,8392,8400,8405,8408,8443,8445,8453,8457,8462,8500,8512,8515,8568,8576,8580,8583,8605,8613,8616,8657,8659,8682,8688,8694,8709,8711,8731,8734,8753,8755,8774,8778,8784,8863,8866,8880,8887,8889,8893,8900,8904,8908,8912,8917,8921,8926,8930,8937,8939,8969],[10,6885,6881],{"id":6886},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6888,661,6889,6891,6892,634,6894,32],{},[15,6890,3719],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6893,633],{},[15,6895,637],{},[20,6897,6898,6899,6901,6902,6904],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6900,3719],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6903,1211],{}," statements and other conditions.",[181,6906,3515],{"id":3514},[40,6908,6910],{"className":42,"code":6909,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6911,6912,6926,6940,6954,6972,6982],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,6913,6914,6916,6918,6920,6922,6924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,6915,110],{"class":109},[49,6917,92],{"class":85},[49,6919,3773],{"class":2804},[49,6921,92],{"class":85},[49,6923,516],{"class":458},[49,6925,1581],{"class":85},[49,6927,6928,6930,6932,6934,6936,6938],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,6929,110],{"class":109},[49,6931,92],{"class":85},[49,6933,3773],{"class":2804},[49,6935,92],{"class":85},[49,6937,1223],{"class":458},[49,6939,1581],{"class":85},[49,6941,6942,6944,6946,6948,6950,6952],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,6943,110],{"class":109},[49,6945,92],{"class":85},[49,6947,3773],{"class":2804},[49,6949,92],{"class":85},[49,6951,6179],{"class":63},[49,6953,1581],{"class":85},[49,6955,6956,6958,6960,6962,6964,6966,6968,6970],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,6957,110],{"class":109},[49,6959,92],{"class":85},[49,6961,3773],{"class":2804},[49,6963,92],{"class":85},[49,6965,95],{"class":63},[49,6967,917],{"class":67},[49,6969,95],{"class":63},[49,6971,1581],{"class":85},[49,6973,6974,6976,6978,6980],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,6975,110],{"class":109},[49,6977,92],{"class":85},[49,6979,3773],{"class":2804},[49,6981,4334],{"class":85},[49,6983,6984,6986,6988,6990,6992,6994,6996,6998,7000,7002],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,6985,110],{"class":109},[49,6987,92],{"class":85},[49,6989,3773],{"class":2804},[49,6991,2889],{"class":85},[49,6993,1223],{"class":458},[49,6995,341],{"class":85},[49,6997,2896],{"class":458},[49,6999,341],{"class":85},[49,7001,2354],{"class":458},[49,7003,2903],{"class":85},[20,7005,5466],{},[40,7007,7009],{"className":42,"code":7008,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7010,7011,7015,7019,7023,7027,7031],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7012,7013],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7014,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7016,7017],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7018,3885],{"class":3757},[49,7020,7021],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,7022,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7024,7025],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,7026,3885],{"class":3757},[49,7028,7029],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,7030,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7032,7033],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,7034,3885],{"class":3757},[20,7036,35,7037,7040,7041,634,7043,7045,7046,7048,7049,32],{},[15,7038,7039],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7042,633],{},[15,7044,637],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7047,637],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7050,633],{},[181,7052,7054],{"id":7053},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7056,7057,7059],{},[15,7058,3719],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7061,7062],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[194,7064,7065,7069],{},[197,7066,7067],{},[15,7068,633],{},[197,7070,7071],{},[15,7072,637],{},[20,7074,7075,7076,7078],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7077,1211],{}," statements.",[20,7080,7081,7082,7084],{},"You can also call ",[15,7083,3719],{}," with no argument:",[40,7086,7088],{"className":42,"code":7087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool())\n",[15,7089,7090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7091,7092,7094,7096,7098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7093,110],{"class":109},[49,7095,92],{"class":85},[49,7097,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7099,7100],{"class":85},"())\n",[20,7102,1974],{},[40,7104,7105],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7106,7107],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7108,7109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7110,3946],{"class":3757},[20,7112,7113,7114,32],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[820,7115,7117],{"href":7116},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[181,7119,7121],{"id":7120},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7123,7124],{},"The basic syntax is:",[40,7126,7128],{"className":42,"code":7127,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bool(value)\n",[15,7129,7130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7131,7132,7134,7136,7138],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7133,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7135,92],{"class":85},[49,7137,338],{"class":88},[49,7139,103],{"class":85},[20,7141,661,7142,7144],{},[15,7143,338],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[194,7146,7147,7149,7151,7153,7155,7158,7160],{},[197,7148,3556],{},[197,7150,5216],{},[197,7152,5207],{},[197,7154,5210],{},[197,7156,7157],{},"dictionaries",[197,7159,5213],{},[197,7161,7162],{},"other objects",[20,7164,7165,7166,32],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7167,637],{},[20,7169,214],{},[40,7171,7173],{"className":42,"code":7172,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7174,7175,7189,7208],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7176,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7178,110],{"class":109},[49,7180,92],{"class":85},[49,7182,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7184,92],{"class":85},[49,7186,2233],{"class":458},[49,7188,1581],{"class":85},[49,7190,7191,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7204,7206],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7192,110],{"class":109},[49,7194,92],{"class":85},[49,7196,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7198,92],{"class":85},[49,7200,95],{"class":63},[49,7202,7203],{"class":67},"Python",[49,7205,95],{"class":63},[49,7207,1581],{"class":85},[49,7209,7210,7212,7214,7216],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,7211,110],{"class":109},[49,7213,92],{"class":85},[49,7215,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7217,7100],{"class":85},[20,7219,1974],{},[40,7221,7223],{"className":42,"code":7222,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7224,7225,7229,7233],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7226,7227],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7228,3885],{"class":3757},[49,7230,7231],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7232,3885],{"class":3757},[49,7234,7235],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,7236,3946],{"class":3757},[181,7238,7240],{"id":7239},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7242,7243,7244,7246],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[666,7245,5503],{}," values.",[20,7248,7249],{},"Common examples:",[194,7251,7252,7256,7260,7264,7268,7273,7277,7281],{},[197,7253,7254],{},[15,7255,516],{},[197,7257,7258],{},[15,7259,3674],{},[197,7261,7262],{},[15,7263,6179],{},[197,7265,7266],{},[15,7267,3693],{},[197,7269,7270],{},[15,7271,7272],{},"()",[197,7274,7275],{},[15,7276,3698],{},[197,7278,7279],{},[15,7280,3703],{},[197,7282,7283],{},[15,7284,3684],{},[20,7286,214],{},[40,7288,7290],{"className":42,"code":7289,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7291,7292,7306,7320,7334,7344,7354,7365,7379],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7293,7294,7296,7298,7300,7302,7304],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7295,110],{"class":109},[49,7297,92],{"class":85},[49,7299,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7301,92],{"class":85},[49,7303,516],{"class":458},[49,7305,1581],{"class":85},[49,7307,7308,7310,7312,7314,7316,7318],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7309,110],{"class":109},[49,7311,92],{"class":85},[49,7313,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7315,92],{"class":85},[49,7317,3674],{"class":458},[49,7319,1581],{"class":85},[49,7321,7322,7324,7326,7328,7330,7332],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,7323,110],{"class":109},[49,7325,92],{"class":85},[49,7327,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7329,92],{"class":85},[49,7331,6179],{"class":63},[49,7333,1581],{"class":85},[49,7335,7336,7338,7340,7342],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,7337,110],{"class":109},[49,7339,92],{"class":85},[49,7341,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7343,4334],{"class":85},[49,7345,7346,7348,7350,7352],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,7347,110],{"class":109},[49,7349,92],{"class":85},[49,7351,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7353,4392],{"class":85},[49,7355,7356,7358,7360,7362],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,7357,110],{"class":109},[49,7359,92],{"class":85},[49,7361,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7363,7364],{"class":85},"({}))\n",[49,7366,7367,7369,7371,7373,7375,7377],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,7368,110],{"class":109},[49,7370,92],{"class":85},[49,7372,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7374,92],{"class":85},[49,7376,6194],{"class":2804},[49,7378,6197],{"class":85},[49,7380,7381,7383,7385,7387,7389,7391],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,7382,110],{"class":109},[49,7384,92],{"class":85},[49,7386,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7388,92],{"class":85},[49,7390,3684],{"class":3757},[49,7392,1581],{"class":85},[20,7394,1974],{},[40,7396,7398],{"className":42,"code":7397,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7399,7400,7404,7408,7412,7416,7420,7424,7428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7401,7402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7403,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7405,7406],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7407,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7409,7410],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,7411,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7413,7414],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,7415,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7417,7418],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,7419,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7421,7422],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,7423,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7425,7426],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,7427,3946],{"class":3757},[49,7429,7430],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,7431,3946],{"class":3757},[181,7433,7435],{"id":7434},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7437,7438,7439,7441,7442,7246],{},"Many values become ",[15,7440,633],{},". These are often called ",[666,7443,5500],{},[20,7445,7249],{},[194,7447,7448,7451,7454,7457,7460,7463],{},[197,7449,7450],{},"non-zero numbers",[197,7452,7453],{},"non-empty strings",[197,7455,7456],{},"non-empty lists",[197,7458,7459],{},"non-empty tuples",[197,7461,7462],{},"non-empty sets",[197,7464,7465],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7467,214],{},[40,7469,7471],{"className":42,"code":7470,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7472,7473,7487,7503,7521,7543,7561],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7474,7475,7477,7479,7481,7483,7485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7476,110],{"class":109},[49,7478,92],{"class":85},[49,7480,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7482,92],{"class":85},[49,7484,2040],{"class":458},[49,7486,1581],{"class":85},[49,7488,7489,7491,7493,7495,7497,7499,7501],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7490,110],{"class":109},[49,7492,92],{"class":85},[49,7494,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7496,92],{"class":85},[49,7498,1926],{"class":59},[49,7500,312],{"class":458},[49,7502,1581],{"class":85},[49,7504,7505,7507,7509,7511,7513,7515,7517,7519],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,7506,110],{"class":109},[49,7508,92],{"class":85},[49,7510,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7512,92],{"class":85},[49,7514,95],{"class":63},[49,7516,917],{"class":67},[49,7518,95],{"class":63},[49,7520,1581],{"class":85},[49,7522,7523,7525,7527,7529,7531,7533,7535,7537,7539,7541],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,7524,110],{"class":109},[49,7526,92],{"class":85},[49,7528,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7530,2889],{"class":85},[49,7532,1223],{"class":458},[49,7534,341],{"class":85},[49,7536,2896],{"class":458},[49,7538,341],{"class":85},[49,7540,2354],{"class":458},[49,7542,2903],{"class":85},[49,7544,7545,7547,7549,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,7546,110],{"class":109},[49,7548,92],{"class":85},[49,7550,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7552,5417],{"class":85},[49,7554,1223],{"class":458},[49,7556,341],{"class":85},[49,7558,2896],{"class":458},[49,7560,2815],{"class":85},[49,7562,7563,7565,7567,7569,7571,7573,7576,7578,7580,7582,7585,7587],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,7564,110],{"class":109},[49,7566,92],{"class":85},[49,7568,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7570,5436],{"class":85},[49,7572,95],{"class":63},[49,7574,7575],{"class":67},"name",[49,7577,95],{"class":63},[49,7579,1197],{"class":85},[49,7581,64],{"class":63},[49,7583,7584],{"class":67},"Sam",[49,7586,95],{"class":63},[49,7588,5445],{"class":85},[20,7590,1974],{},[40,7592,7594],{"className":42,"code":7593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7595,7596,7600,7604,7608,7612,7616],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7597,7598],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7599,3885],{"class":3757},[49,7601,7602],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7603,3885],{"class":3757},[49,7605,7606],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,7607,3885],{"class":3757},[49,7609,7610],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,7611,3885],{"class":3757},[49,7613,7614],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,7615,3885],{"class":3757},[49,7617,7618],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,7619,3885],{"class":3757},[20,7621,7622],{},"One important example is this:",[40,7624,7626],{"className":42,"code":7625,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7627,7628],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7629,7630,7632,7634,7636,7638,7640,7642,7644],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7631,110],{"class":109},[49,7633,92],{"class":85},[49,7635,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7637,92],{"class":85},[49,7639,95],{"class":63},[49,7641,637],{"class":67},[49,7643,95],{"class":63},[49,7645,1581],{"class":85},[20,7647,1974],{},[40,7649,7650],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7651,7652],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7653,7654],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7655,3885],{"class":3757},[20,7657,7658,7659,7661,7662,32],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7660,6586],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7663,633],{},[181,7665,7667],{"id":7666},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7669,7670,7671,7673],{},"You can use ",[15,7672,3719],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[353,7675,7677],{"id":7676},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[40,7679,7681],{"className":42,"code":7680,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7682,7683,7706],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7684,7685,7688,7690,7692,7694,7696,7699,7701,7704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7686,7687],{"class":55},"items ",[49,7689,60],{"class":59},[49,7691,3530],{"class":85},[49,7693,2233],{"class":458},[49,7695,341],{"class":85},[49,7697,7698],{"class":458}," 20",[49,7700,341],{"class":85},[49,7702,7703],{"class":458}," 30",[49,7705,1244],{"class":85},[49,7707,7708,7710,7712,7714,7716,7719],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7709,110],{"class":109},[49,7711,92],{"class":85},[49,7713,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7715,92],{"class":85},[49,7717,7718],{"class":88},"items",[49,7720,1581],{"class":85},[20,7722,1974],{},[40,7724,7725],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7726,7727],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7728,7729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7730,3885],{"class":3757},[20,7732,7733],{},"With an empty list:",[40,7735,7737],{"className":42,"code":7736,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7738,7739,7748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7740,7741,7743,7745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7742,7687],{"class":55},[49,7744,60],{"class":59},[49,7746,7747],{"class":85}," []\n",[49,7749,7750,7752,7754,7756,7758,7760],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7751,110],{"class":109},[49,7753,92],{"class":85},[49,7755,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7757,92],{"class":85},[49,7759,7718],{"class":88},[49,7761,1581],{"class":85},[20,7763,1974],{},[40,7765,7766],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7767,7768],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7769,7770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7771,3946],{"class":3757},[353,7773,7775],{"id":7774},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[40,7777,7779],{"className":42,"code":7778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7780,7781,7791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7782,7783,7786,7788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7784,7785],{"class":55},"name ",[49,7787,60],{"class":59},[49,7789,7790],{"class":63}," \"\"\n",[49,7792,7793,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7794,110],{"class":109},[49,7796,92],{"class":85},[49,7798,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7800,92],{"class":85},[49,7802,7575],{"class":88},[49,7804,1581],{"class":85},[20,7806,1974],{},[40,7808,7809],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7810,7811],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7812,7813],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7814,3946],{"class":3757},[40,7816,7818],{"className":42,"code":7817,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7819,7820,7833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7821,7822,7824,7826,7828,7831],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7823,7785],{"class":55},[49,7825,60],{"class":59},[49,7827,64],{"class":63},[49,7829,7830],{"class":67},"Mia",[49,7832,71],{"class":63},[49,7834,7835,7837,7839,7841,7843,7845],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7836,110],{"class":109},[49,7838,92],{"class":85},[49,7840,3773],{"class":2804},[49,7842,92],{"class":85},[49,7844,7575],{"class":88},[49,7846,1581],{"class":85},[20,7848,1974],{},[40,7850,7851],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7852,7853],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7854,7855],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7856,3885],{"class":3757},[353,7858,7860],{"id":7859},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[40,7862,7864],{"className":42,"code":7863,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7865,7866,7880,7897,7901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7867,7868,7871,7873,7875,7878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7869,7870],{"class":55},"username ",[49,7872,60],{"class":59},[49,7874,64],{"class":63},[49,7876,7877],{"class":67},"alex",[49,7879,71],{"class":63},[49,7881,7882,7885,7887,7890,7892,7895],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7883,7884],{"class":55},"has_name ",[49,7886,60],{"class":59},[49,7888,7889],{"class":2804}," bool",[49,7891,92],{"class":85},[49,7893,7894],{"class":88},"username",[49,7896,103],{"class":85},[49,7898,7899],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,7900,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,7902,7903,7905,7907,7910],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,7904,110],{"class":109},[49,7906,92],{"class":85},[49,7908,7909],{"class":88},"has_name",[49,7911,103],{"class":85},[20,7913,1974],{},[40,7915,7916],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,7917,7918],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7919,7920],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7921,3885],{"class":3757},[20,7923,7924,7925,634,7927,7929],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7926,633],{},[15,7928,637],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[353,7931,7933],{"id":7932},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7935,7936],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[40,7938,7940],{"className":42,"code":7939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7941,7942,7962,7966,7974],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7943,7944,7946,7948,7950,7952,7954,7956,7958,7960],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7945,3525],{"class":55},[49,7947,60],{"class":59},[49,7949,3530],{"class":85},[49,7951,1223],{"class":458},[49,7953,341],{"class":85},[49,7955,2896],{"class":458},[49,7957,341],{"class":85},[49,7959,2354],{"class":458},[49,7961,1244],{"class":85},[49,7963,7964],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,7965,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,7967,7968,7970,7972],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,7969,1211],{"class":1210},[49,7971,4169],{"class":55},[49,7973,1226],{"class":85},[49,7975,7976,7978,7980,7982,7985,7987],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,7977,1273],{"class":109},[49,7979,92],{"class":85},[49,7981,95],{"class":63},[49,7983,7984],{"class":67},"The list is not empty",[49,7986,95],{"class":63},[49,7988,103],{"class":85},[20,7990,1974],{},[40,7992,7994],{"className":42,"code":7993,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7995,7996],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,7997,7998,8000,8003,8006,8009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,7999,661],{"class":55},[49,8001,8002],{"class":2804},"list",[49,8004,8005],{"class":59}," is",[49,8007,8008],{"class":59}," not",[49,8010,8011],{"class":55}," empty\n",[20,8013,8014,8015,32],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[820,8016,8018],{"href":8017},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[181,8020,8022],{"id":8021},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8024,8025,8026,8028],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8027,3719],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8030,8031],{},"It does not do that.",[353,8033,8035,1000,8038],{"id":8034},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8036,8037],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8039,633],{},[40,8041,8042],{"className":42,"code":7625,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,8043,8044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8045,8046,8048,8050,8052,8054,8056,8058,8060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8047,110],{"class":109},[49,8049,92],{"class":85},[49,8051,3773],{"class":2804},[49,8053,92],{"class":85},[49,8055,95],{"class":63},[49,8057,637],{"class":67},[49,8059,95],{"class":63},[49,8061,1581],{"class":85},[20,8063,1974],{},[40,8065,8066],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,8067,8068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8069,8070],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8071,3885],{"class":3757},[353,8073,8075,1000,8078],{"id":8074},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8076,8077],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8079,633],{},[40,8081,8083],{"className":42,"code":8082,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8084,8085],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8086,8087,8089,8091,8093,8095,8097,8099,8101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8088,110],{"class":109},[49,8090,92],{"class":85},[49,8092,3773],{"class":2804},[49,8094,92],{"class":85},[49,8096,95],{"class":63},[49,8098,516],{"class":67},[49,8100,95],{"class":63},[49,8102,1581],{"class":85},[20,8104,1974],{},[40,8106,8107],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,8108,8109],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8110,8111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8112,3885],{"class":3757},[20,8114,8115,8116,32],{},"This happens because both values are ",[666,8117,7453],{},[20,8119,8120,8122],{},[15,8121,3719],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8124,8125,8126,8131,8132,8134],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[820,8127,8129],{"href":8128},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8130,2861],{},", because ",[15,8133,2861],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8136,214],{},[40,8138,8140],{"className":42,"code":8139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8141,8142,8163],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8143,8144,8147,8149,8152,8154,8156,8159,8161],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8145,8146],{"class":55},"user_value ",[49,8148,60],{"class":59},[49,8150,8151],{"class":109}," input",[49,8153,92],{"class":85},[49,8155,95],{"class":63},[49,8157,8158],{"class":67},"Enter True or False: ",[49,8160,95],{"class":63},[49,8162,103],{"class":85},[49,8164,8165,8167,8169,8171,8173,8176],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,8166,110],{"class":109},[49,8168,92],{"class":85},[49,8170,3773],{"class":2804},[49,8172,92],{"class":85},[49,8174,8175],{"class":88},"user_value",[49,8177,1581],{"class":85},[20,8179,8180,8181,8183,8184,8131,8186,8188],{},"If the user types ",[15,8182,637],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8185,633],{},[15,8187,6586],{}," is not empty.",[181,8190,8192],{"id":8191},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8194,8195,8196,8198,8199,8201],{},"In many ",[15,8197,1211],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8200,3719],{}," yourself.",[20,8203,8204],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8206,8207],{},"Instead of this:",[40,8209,8211],{"className":42,"code":8210,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8212,8213,8234,8238,8251],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8214,8215,8218,8220,8222,8224,8226,8228,8230,8232],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8216,8217],{"class":55},"my_list ",[49,8219,60],{"class":59},[49,8221,3530],{"class":85},[49,8223,1223],{"class":458},[49,8225,341],{"class":85},[49,8227,2896],{"class":458},[49,8229,341],{"class":85},[49,8231,2354],{"class":458},[49,8233,1244],{"class":85},[49,8235,8236],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,8237,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,8239,8240,8242,8244,8246,8249],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,8241,1211],{"class":1210},[49,8243,7889],{"class":2804},[49,8245,92],{"class":85},[49,8247,8248],{"class":88},"my_list",[49,8250,1396],{"class":85},[49,8252,8253,8255,8257,8259,8262,8264],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,8254,1273],{"class":109},[49,8256,92],{"class":85},[49,8258,95],{"class":63},[49,8260,8261],{"class":67},"List has items",[49,8263,95],{"class":63},[49,8265,103],{"class":85},[20,8267,8268],{},"You can simply write:",[40,8270,8272],{"className":42,"code":8271,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8273,8274,8294,8298,8307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8275,8276,8278,8280,8282,8284,8286,8288,8290,8292],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8277,8217],{"class":55},[49,8279,60],{"class":59},[49,8281,3530],{"class":85},[49,8283,1223],{"class":458},[49,8285,341],{"class":85},[49,8287,2896],{"class":458},[49,8289,341],{"class":85},[49,8291,2354],{"class":458},[49,8293,1244],{"class":85},[49,8295,8296],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,8297,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,8299,8300,8302,8305],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,8301,1211],{"class":1210},[49,8303,8304],{"class":55}," my_list",[49,8306,1226],{"class":85},[49,8308,8309,8311,8313,8315,8317,8319],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,8310,1273],{"class":109},[49,8312,92],{"class":85},[49,8314,95],{"class":63},[49,8316,8261],{"class":67},[49,8318,95],{"class":63},[49,8320,103],{"class":85},[20,8322,8323],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8325,644,8326,8328],{},[15,8327,3719],{}," is still helpful when:",[194,8330,8331,8334,8342],{},[197,8332,8333],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[197,8335,8336,8337,634,8339,8341],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8338,633],{},[15,8340,637],{}," value",[197,8343,8344],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8346,8347,8348,32],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[820,8349,8350],{"href":2201},"Python type() function explained",[181,8352,1308],{"id":1307},[20,8354,8355,8356,32],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8357,3719],{},[353,8359,1318,8361,630,8363],{"id":8360},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8362,8037],{},[15,8364,637],{},[20,8366,8367],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[40,8369,8370],{"className":42,"code":7625,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,8371,8372],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8373,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8386,8388],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8375,110],{"class":109},[49,8377,92],{"class":85},[49,8379,3773],{"class":2804},[49,8381,92],{"class":85},[49,8383,95],{"class":63},[49,8385,637],{"class":67},[49,8387,95],{"class":63},[49,8389,1581],{"class":85},[20,8391,1974],{},[40,8393,8394],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,8395,8396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8397,8398],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8399,3885],{"class":3757},[20,8401,8402,8403,6587],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8404,6586],{},[20,8406,8407],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[40,8409,8411],{"className":42,"code":8410,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8412,8413,8425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8414,8415,8417,8419,8421,8423],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8416,2349],{"class":55},[49,8418,60],{"class":59},[49,8420,64],{"class":63},[49,8422,637],{"class":67},[49,8424,71],{"class":63},[49,8426,8427,8429,8431,8433,8435,8437,8439,8441],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,8428,110],{"class":109},[49,8430,92],{"class":85},[49,8432,2349],{"class":88},[49,8434,4594],{"class":59},[49,8436,64],{"class":63},[49,8438,633],{"class":67},[49,8440,95],{"class":63},[49,8442,103],{"class":85},[20,8444,1974],{},[40,8446,8447],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,8448,8449],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8450,8451],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8452,3946],{"class":3757},[353,8454,8456],{"id":8455},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8458,8459,8461],{},[15,8460,2861],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[40,8463,8465],{"className":42,"code":8464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8466,8467,8486],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8468,8469,8471,8473,8475,8477,8479,8482,8484],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8470,2349],{"class":55},[49,8472,60],{"class":59},[49,8474,8151],{"class":109},[49,8476,92],{"class":85},[49,8478,95],{"class":63},[49,8480,8481],{"class":67},"Enter yes or no: ",[49,8483,95],{"class":63},[49,8485,103],{"class":85},[49,8487,8488,8490,8492,8494,8496,8498],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,8489,110],{"class":109},[49,8491,92],{"class":85},[49,8493,3773],{"class":2804},[49,8495,92],{"class":85},[49,8497,338],{"class":88},[49,8499,1581],{"class":85},[20,8501,8180,8502,8505,8506,8508,8509,8188],{},[15,8503,8504],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8507,633],{}," because ",[15,8510,8511],{},"\"no\"",[20,8513,8514],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[40,8516,8518],{"className":42,"code":8517,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8519,8520,8549],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8521,8522,8524,8526,8528,8530,8532,8534,8536,8539,8542,8544,8546],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8523,2349],{"class":55},[49,8525,60],{"class":59},[49,8527,8151],{"class":109},[49,8529,92],{"class":85},[49,8531,95],{"class":63},[49,8533,8481],{"class":67},[49,8535,95],{"class":63},[49,8537,8538],{"class":85},").",[49,8540,8541],{"class":88},"strip",[49,8543,963],{"class":85},[49,8545,960],{"class":88},[49,8547,8548],{"class":85},"()\n",[49,8550,8551,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561,8564,8566],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,8552,110],{"class":109},[49,8554,92],{"class":85},[49,8556,2349],{"class":88},[49,8558,4594],{"class":59},[49,8560,64],{"class":63},[49,8562,8563],{"class":67},"yes",[49,8565,95],{"class":63},[49,8567,103],{"class":85},[20,8569,8570,8571,8573,8574,32],{},"This gives ",[15,8572,633],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8575,8563],{},[353,8577,8579],{"id":8578},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8581,8582],{},"These are different:",[194,8584,8585,8589,8593,8597,8601],{},[197,8586,8587],{},[15,8588,637],{},[197,8590,8591],{},[15,8592,516],{},[197,8594,8595],{},[15,8596,6179],{},[197,8598,8599],{},[15,8600,3693],{},[197,8602,8603],{},[15,8604,3684],{},[20,8606,8607,8608,1342,8610,8612],{},"They all become ",[15,8609,637],{},[15,8611,3719],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8614,8615],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[40,8617,8619],{"className":42,"code":8618,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8620,8621,8629,8643],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8622,8623,8625,8627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8624,2349],{"class":55},[49,8626,60],{"class":59},[49,8628,7747],{"class":85},[49,8630,8631,8633,8635,8637,8639,8641],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,8632,110],{"class":109},[49,8634,92],{"class":85},[49,8636,3127],{"class":2804},[49,8638,92],{"class":85},[49,8640,338],{"class":88},[49,8642,1581],{"class":85},[49,8644,8645,8647,8649,8651,8653,8655],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,8646,110],{"class":109},[49,8648,92],{"class":85},[49,8650,3773],{"class":2804},[49,8652,92],{"class":85},[49,8654,338],{"class":88},[49,8656,1581],{"class":85},[20,8658,1974],{},[40,8660,8662],{"className":42,"code":8661,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8663,8664,8678],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8665,8666,8668,8670,8672,8674,8676],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8667,3196],{"class":59},[49,8669,3199],{"class":1968},[49,8671,3202],{"class":63},[49,8673,8002],{"class":67},[49,8675,1573],{"class":63},[49,8677,3209],{"class":59},[49,8679,8680],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,8681,3946],{"class":3757},[353,8683,644,8685,8687],{"id":8684},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8686,3698],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8689,8690,8691,8693],{},"In Python, ",[15,8692,3698],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[40,8695,8697],{"className":42,"code":8696,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8698,8699],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8700,8701,8703,8705,8707],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8702,110],{"class":109},[49,8704,92],{"class":85},[49,8706,3127],{"class":2804},[49,8708,7364],{"class":85},[20,8710,1974],{},[40,8712,8714],{"className":42,"code":8713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8715,8716],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8717,8718,8720,8722,8724,8727,8729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8719,3196],{"class":59},[49,8721,3199],{"class":1968},[49,8723,3202],{"class":63},[49,8725,8726],{"class":67},"dict",[49,8728,1573],{"class":63},[49,8730,3209],{"class":59},[20,8732,8733],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[40,8735,8737],{"className":42,"code":8736,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8738,8739],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8740,8741,8743,8745,8747,8749,8751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8742,110],{"class":109},[49,8744,92],{"class":85},[49,8746,3127],{"class":2804},[49,8748,92],{"class":85},[49,8750,6194],{"class":2804},[49,8752,6197],{"class":85},[20,8754,1974],{},[40,8756,8758],{"className":42,"code":8757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8759,8760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8761,8762,8764,8766,8768,8770,8772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8763,3196],{"class":59},[49,8765,3199],{"class":1968},[49,8767,3202],{"class":63},[49,8769,6194],{"class":67},[49,8771,1573],{"class":63},[49,8773,3209],{"class":59},[181,8775,8777],{"id":8776},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8779,8780,8781,8783],{},"If ",[15,8782,3719],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[40,8785,8787],{"className":42,"code":8786,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8788,8789,8803,8817,8827,8845],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,8790,8791,8793,8795,8797,8799,8801],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,8792,110],{"class":109},[49,8794,92],{"class":85},[49,8796,3773],{"class":2804},[49,8798,92],{"class":85},[49,8800,338],{"class":88},[49,8802,1581],{"class":85},[49,8804,8805,8807,8809,8811,8813,8815],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,8806,110],{"class":109},[49,8808,92],{"class":85},[49,8810,3127],{"class":2804},[49,8812,92],{"class":85},[49,8814,338],{"class":88},[49,8816,1581],{"class":85},[49,8818,8819,8821,8823,8825],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,8820,110],{"class":109},[49,8822,92],{"class":85},[49,8824,338],{"class":88},[49,8826,103],{"class":85},[49,8828,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837,8839,8841,8843],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,8830,110],{"class":109},[49,8832,92],{"class":85},[49,8834,2349],{"class":88},[49,8836,4594],{"class":59},[49,8838,64],{"class":63},[49,8840,633],{"class":67},[49,8842,95],{"class":63},[49,8844,103],{"class":85},[49,8846,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855,8857,8859,8861],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,8848,110],{"class":109},[49,8850,92],{"class":85},[49,8852,338],{"class":88},[49,8854,32],{"class":85},[49,8856,8541],{"class":88},[49,8858,963],{"class":85},[49,8860,960],{"class":88},[49,8862,7100],{"class":85},[20,8864,8865],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[194,8867,8868,8871,8874,8877],{},[197,8869,8870],{},"what the value really is",[197,8872,8873],{},"whether it is a string",[197,8875,8876],{},"whether it contains spaces",[197,8878,8879],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8881,8882,8883,32],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[820,8884,8886],{"href":8885},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[181,8888,1704],{"id":1703},[353,8890,8892],{"id":8891},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8894,8895,8896,634,8898,32],{},"It returns either ",[15,8897,633],{},[15,8899,637],{},[353,8901,8903],{"id":8902},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8905,1714,8906,32],{},[15,8907,637],{},[353,8909,8911],{"id":8910},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8913,8914,8915,32],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8916,633],{},[353,8918,8920],{"id":8919},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8922,8923,8924,32],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8925,637],{},[353,8927,8929],{"id":8928},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8931,8932,8933,634,8935,3643],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8934,633],{},[15,8936,637],{},[181,8938,1775],{"id":1774},[194,8940,8941,8946,8950,8955,8959,8964],{},[197,8942,8943],{},[820,8944,8945],{"href":5684},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[197,8947,8948],{},[820,8949,8018],{"href":8017},[197,8951,8952],{},[820,8953,8954],{"href":8128},"Python input() function explained",[197,8956,8957],{},[820,8958,8350],{"href":2201},[197,8960,8961],{},[820,8962,8963],{"href":8885},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[197,8965,8966],{},[820,8967,8968],{"href":7116},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1834,8970,8971],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":8973},[8974,8975,8976,8977,8978,8979,8985,8991,8992,9000,9001,9008],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":7053,"depth":74,"text":7054},{"id":7120,"depth":74,"text":7121},{"id":7239,"depth":74,"text":7240},{"id":7434,"depth":74,"text":7435},{"id":7666,"depth":74,"text":7667,"children":8980},[8981,8982,8983,8984],{"id":7676,"depth":106,"text":7677},{"id":7774,"depth":106,"text":7775},{"id":7859,"depth":106,"text":7860},{"id":7932,"depth":106,"text":7933},{"id":8021,"depth":74,"text":8022,"children":8986},[8987,8989],{"id":8034,"depth":106,"text":8988},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8074,"depth":106,"text":8990},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8191,"depth":74,"text":8192},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":8993},[8994,8996,8997,8998],{"id":8360,"depth":106,"text":8995},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8455,"depth":106,"text":8456},{"id":8578,"depth":106,"text":8579},{"id":8684,"depth":106,"text":8999},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8776,"depth":74,"text":8777},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":9002},[9003,9004,9005,9006,9007],{"id":8891,"depth":106,"text":8892},{"id":8902,"depth":106,"text":8903},{"id":8910,"depth":106,"text":8911},{"id":8919,"depth":106,"text":8920},{"id":8928,"depth":106,"text":8929},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6881,"description":9009},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9016,"title":9017,"body":9018,"description":11211,"extension":1866,"meta":11212,"navigation":128,"path":11213,"seo":11214,"stem":11215,"__hash__":11216},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9019,"toc":11173},[9020,9026,9032,9039,9044,9055,9062,9171,9175,9244,9249,9254,9259,9262,9273,9278,9281,9292,9299,9301,9306,9310,9335,9339,9348,9352,9415,9419,9452,9456,9501,9505,9542,9546,9549,9605,9609,9655,9658,9663,9702,9706,9729,9732,9746,9759,9763,9768,9835,9839,9875,9878,9886,9889,9953,9957,9989,9995,9997,10057,10064,10067,10145,10149,10182,10186,10189,10233,10237,10273,10276,10293,10296,10299,10352,10355,10366,10373,10382,10385,10443,10447,10488,10495,10503,10509,10517,10529,10534,10545,10618,10621,10633,10648,10652,10657,10661,10663,10706,10712,10715,10778,10782,10785,10794,10799,10836,10840,10843,10851,10854,10893,10897,10900,10951,10955,10976,10983,10985,10991,11018,11021,11075,11078,11089,11091,11098,11106,11112,11117,11124,11127,11134,11141,11143,11170],[10,9021,3482,9023,3486],{"id":9022},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9024,9025],{},"dict()",[20,9027,9028,9029,9031],{},"The built-in ",[15,9030,9025],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9033,9034,9035,9038],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[666,9036,9037],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9040,9041,9043],{},[15,9042,9025],{}," is commonly used to:",[194,9045,9046,9049,9052],{},[197,9047,9048],{},"create an empty dictionary",[197,9050,9051],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[197,9053,9054],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9056,9057,9058,32],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[820,9059,9061],{"href":9060},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[40,9063,9065],{"className":42,"code":9064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9066,9067,9102,9113,9117,9156],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9068,9069,9072,9074,9077,9079,9082,9084,9086,9088,9090,9092,9095,9097,9100],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9070,9071],{"class":55},"data ",[49,9073,60],{"class":59},[49,9075,9076],{"class":2804}," dict",[49,9078,92],{"class":85},[49,9080,7575],{"class":9081},"s99_P",[49,9083,60],{"class":59},[49,9085,1573],{"class":63},[49,9087,4911],{"class":67},[49,9089,1573],{"class":63},[49,9091,341],{"class":85},[49,9093,9094],{"class":9081}," age",[49,9096,60],{"class":59},[49,9098,9099],{"class":458},"25",[49,9101,103],{"class":85},[49,9103,9104,9106,9108,9111],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9105,110],{"class":109},[49,9107,92],{"class":85},[49,9109,9110],{"class":88},"data",[49,9112,103],{"class":85},[49,9114,9115],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,9116,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,9118,9119,9122,9124,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135,9137,9140,9143,9145,9147,9149,9151,9153],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,9120,9121],{"class":55},"pairs ",[49,9123,60],{"class":59},[49,9125,9126],{"class":85}," [(",[49,9128,1573],{"class":63},[49,9130,820],{"class":67},[49,9132,1573],{"class":63},[49,9134,341],{"class":85},[49,9136,1264],{"class":458},[49,9138,9139],{"class":85},"),",[49,9141,9142],{"class":85}," (",[49,9144,1573],{"class":63},[49,9146,4667],{"class":67},[49,9148,1573],{"class":63},[49,9150,341],{"class":85},[49,9152,2896],{"class":458},[49,9154,9155],{"class":85},")]\n",[49,9157,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166,9169],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,9159,110],{"class":109},[49,9161,92],{"class":85},[49,9163,8726],{"class":2804},[49,9165,92],{"class":85},[49,9167,9168],{"class":88},"pairs",[49,9170,1581],{"class":85},[20,9172,9173],{},[666,9174,1974],{},[40,9176,9178],{"className":42,"code":9177,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9179,9180,9216],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9181,9182,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193,9195,9197,9199,9201,9203,9206,9208,9210,9213],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9183,9184],{"class":85},"{",[49,9186,1573],{"class":63},[49,9188,7575],{"class":67},[49,9190,1573],{"class":63},[49,9192,1197],{"class":85},[49,9194,3202],{"class":63},[49,9196,4911],{"class":67},[49,9198,1573],{"class":63},[49,9200,341],{"class":85},[49,9202,3202],{"class":63},[49,9204,9205],{"class":67},"age",[49,9207,1573],{"class":63},[49,9209,1197],{"class":85},[49,9211,9212],{"class":458}," 25",[49,9214,9215],{"class":85},"}\n",[49,9217,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9219,9184],{"class":85},[49,9221,1573],{"class":63},[49,9223,820],{"class":67},[49,9225,1573],{"class":63},[49,9227,1197],{"class":85},[49,9229,1264],{"class":458},[49,9231,341],{"class":85},[49,9233,3202],{"class":63},[49,9235,4667],{"class":67},[49,9237,1573],{"class":63},[49,9239,1197],{"class":85},[49,9241,2896],{"class":458},[49,9243,9215],{"class":85},[20,9245,35,9246,9248],{},[15,9247,9025],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[181,9250,184,9252,187],{"id":9251},"what-dict-does",[15,9253,9025],{},[20,9255,9256,9258],{},[15,9257,9025],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9260,9261],{},"A dictionary:",[194,9263,9264,9267,9270],{},[197,9265,9266],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[197,9268,9269],{},"lets you look up values by key",[197,9271,9272],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9274,9275,9277],{},[15,9276,9025],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9279,9280],{},"Common uses include:",[194,9282,9283,9286,9289],{},[197,9284,9285],{},"making an empty dictionary",[197,9287,9288],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[197,9290,9291],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9293,9294,9295,32],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[820,9296,9298],{"href":9297},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[181,9300,316],{"id":315},[20,9302,9303,9305],{},[15,9304,9025],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[353,9307,9309],{"id":9308},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[40,9311,9313],{"className":42,"code":9312,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9314,9315,9325],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9316,9317,9319,9321,9323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9318,9071],{"class":55},[49,9320,60],{"class":59},[49,9322,9076],{"class":2804},[49,9324,8548],{"class":85},[49,9326,9327,9329,9331,9333],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9328,110],{"class":109},[49,9330,92],{"class":85},[49,9332,9110],{"class":88},[49,9334,103],{"class":85},[20,9336,9337],{},[666,9338,1974],{},[40,9340,9342],{"className":42,"code":9341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{}\n",[15,9343,9344],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9345,9346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9347,9341],{"class":85},[353,9349,9351],{"id":9350},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[40,9353,9355],{"className":42,"code":9354,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9356,9357,9391,9405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9358,9359,9361,9363,9365,9367,9369,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9385,9387,9389],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9360,9121],{"class":55},[49,9362,60],{"class":59},[49,9364,9126],{"class":85},[49,9366,1573],{"class":63},[49,9368,820],{"class":67},[49,9370,1573],{"class":63},[49,9372,341],{"class":85},[49,9374,1264],{"class":458},[49,9376,9139],{"class":85},[49,9378,9142],{"class":85},[49,9380,1573],{"class":63},[49,9382,4667],{"class":67},[49,9384,1573],{"class":63},[49,9386,341],{"class":85},[49,9388,2896],{"class":458},[49,9390,9155],{"class":85},[49,9392,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401,9403],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9394,9071],{"class":55},[49,9396,60],{"class":59},[49,9398,9076],{"class":2804},[49,9400,92],{"class":85},[49,9402,9168],{"class":88},[49,9404,103],{"class":85},[49,9406,9407,9409,9411,9413],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,9408,110],{"class":109},[49,9410,92],{"class":85},[49,9412,9110],{"class":88},[49,9414,103],{"class":85},[20,9416,9417],{},[666,9418,1974],{},[40,9420,9422],{"className":42,"code":9421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9423,9424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9425,9426,9428,9430,9432,9434,9436,9438,9440,9442,9444,9446,9448,9450],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9427,9184],{"class":85},[49,9429,1573],{"class":63},[49,9431,820],{"class":67},[49,9433,1573],{"class":63},[49,9435,1197],{"class":85},[49,9437,1264],{"class":458},[49,9439,341],{"class":85},[49,9441,3202],{"class":63},[49,9443,4667],{"class":67},[49,9445,1573],{"class":63},[49,9447,1197],{"class":85},[49,9449,2896],{"class":458},[49,9451,9215],{"class":85},[353,9453,9455],{"id":9454},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[40,9457,9459],{"className":42,"code":9458,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9460,9461,9491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9462,9463,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9464,9071],{"class":55},[49,9466,60],{"class":59},[49,9468,9076],{"class":2804},[49,9470,92],{"class":85},[49,9472,7575],{"class":9081},[49,9474,60],{"class":59},[49,9476,1573],{"class":63},[49,9478,4911],{"class":67},[49,9480,1573],{"class":63},[49,9482,341],{"class":85},[49,9484,9094],{"class":9081},[49,9486,60],{"class":59},[49,9488,9099],{"class":458},[49,9490,103],{"class":85},[49,9492,9493,9495,9497,9499],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9494,110],{"class":109},[49,9496,92],{"class":85},[49,9498,9110],{"class":88},[49,9500,103],{"class":85},[20,9502,9503],{},[666,9504,1974],{},[40,9506,9508],{"className":42,"code":9507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9509,9510],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9511,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9513,9184],{"class":85},[49,9515,1573],{"class":63},[49,9517,7575],{"class":67},[49,9519,1573],{"class":63},[49,9521,1197],{"class":85},[49,9523,3202],{"class":63},[49,9525,4911],{"class":67},[49,9527,1573],{"class":63},[49,9529,341],{"class":85},[49,9531,3202],{"class":63},[49,9533,9205],{"class":67},[49,9535,1573],{"class":63},[49,9537,1197],{"class":85},[49,9539,9212],{"class":458},[49,9541,9215],{"class":85},[353,9543,9545],{"id":9544},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9547,9548],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[40,9550,9552],{"className":42,"code":9551,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9553,9554,9595],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9555,9556,9558,9560,9562,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9578,9580,9582,9584,9586,9589,9591,9593],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9557,9071],{"class":55},[49,9559,60],{"class":59},[49,9561,9076],{"class":2804},[49,9563,9564],{"class":85},"([(",[49,9566,1573],{"class":63},[49,9568,820],{"class":67},[49,9570,1573],{"class":63},[49,9572,341],{"class":85},[49,9574,1264],{"class":458},[49,9576,9577],{"class":85},")],",[49,9579,2462],{"class":9081},[49,9581,60],{"class":59},[49,9583,312],{"class":458},[49,9585,341],{"class":85},[49,9587,9588],{"class":9081}," c",[49,9590,60],{"class":59},[49,9592,1965],{"class":458},[49,9594,103],{"class":85},[49,9596,9597,9599,9601,9603],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9598,110],{"class":109},[49,9600,92],{"class":85},[49,9602,9110],{"class":88},[49,9604,103],{"class":85},[20,9606,9607],{},[666,9608,1974],{},[40,9610,9612],{"className":42,"code":9611,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9613,9614],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9615,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9647,9649,9651,9653],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9617,9184],{"class":85},[49,9619,1573],{"class":63},[49,9621,820],{"class":67},[49,9623,1573],{"class":63},[49,9625,1197],{"class":85},[49,9627,1264],{"class":458},[49,9629,341],{"class":85},[49,9631,3202],{"class":63},[49,9633,4667],{"class":67},[49,9635,1573],{"class":63},[49,9637,1197],{"class":85},[49,9639,2896],{"class":458},[49,9641,341],{"class":85},[49,9643,3202],{"class":63},[49,9645,9646],{"class":67},"c",[49,9648,1573],{"class":63},[49,9650,1197],{"class":85},[49,9652,2354],{"class":458},[49,9654,9215],{"class":85},[181,9656,9309],{"id":9657},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9659,35,9660,9662],{},[15,9661,9025],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[40,9664,9666],{"className":42,"code":9665,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9667,9668,9678,9692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9669,9670,9672,9674,9676],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9671,9071],{"class":55},[49,9673,60],{"class":59},[49,9675,9076],{"class":2804},[49,9677,8548],{"class":85},[49,9679,9680,9682,9684,9686,9688,9690],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9681,110],{"class":109},[49,9683,92],{"class":85},[49,9685,3127],{"class":2804},[49,9687,92],{"class":85},[49,9689,9110],{"class":88},[49,9691,1581],{"class":85},[49,9693,9694,9696,9698,9700],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,9695,110],{"class":109},[49,9697,92],{"class":85},[49,9699,9110],{"class":88},[49,9701,103],{"class":85},[20,9703,9704],{},[666,9705,1974],{},[40,9707,9709],{"className":42,"code":9708,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9710,9711,9725],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9712,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9714,3196],{"class":59},[49,9716,3199],{"class":1968},[49,9718,3202],{"class":63},[49,9720,8726],{"class":67},[49,9722,1573],{"class":63},[49,9724,3209],{"class":59},[49,9726,9727],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9728,9341],{"class":85},[20,9730,9731],{},"This gives the same result as:",[40,9733,9735],{"className":42,"code":9734,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n",[15,9736,9737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9738,9739,9741,9743],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9740,9071],{"class":55},[49,9742,60],{"class":59},[49,9744,9745],{"class":85}," {}\n",[20,9747,9748,9749,9751,9752,9755,9756,9758],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9750,3698],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9753,9754],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9757,9025],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[181,9760,9762],{"id":9761},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9764,9765,9766,32],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9767,9025],{},[40,9769,9771],{"className":42,"code":9770,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9772,9773,9811,9825],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9774,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9776,9121],{"class":55},[49,9778,60],{"class":59},[49,9780,9126],{"class":85},[49,9782,1573],{"class":63},[49,9784,7575],{"class":67},[49,9786,1573],{"class":63},[49,9788,341],{"class":85},[49,9790,3202],{"class":63},[49,9792,4911],{"class":67},[49,9794,1573],{"class":63},[49,9796,9139],{"class":85},[49,9798,9142],{"class":85},[49,9800,1573],{"class":63},[49,9802,9205],{"class":67},[49,9804,1573],{"class":63},[49,9806,341],{"class":85},[49,9808,9212],{"class":458},[49,9810,9155],{"class":85},[49,9812,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9814,9071],{"class":55},[49,9816,60],{"class":59},[49,9818,9076],{"class":2804},[49,9820,92],{"class":85},[49,9822,9168],{"class":88},[49,9824,103],{"class":85},[49,9826,9827,9829,9831,9833],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,9828,110],{"class":109},[49,9830,92],{"class":85},[49,9832,9110],{"class":88},[49,9834,103],{"class":85},[20,9836,9837],{},[666,9838,1974],{},[40,9840,9841],{"className":42,"code":9507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9842,9843],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9844,9845,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9857,9859,9861,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9846,9184],{"class":85},[49,9848,1573],{"class":63},[49,9850,7575],{"class":67},[49,9852,1573],{"class":63},[49,9854,1197],{"class":85},[49,9856,3202],{"class":63},[49,9858,4911],{"class":67},[49,9860,1573],{"class":63},[49,9862,341],{"class":85},[49,9864,3202],{"class":63},[49,9866,9205],{"class":67},[49,9868,1573],{"class":63},[49,9870,1197],{"class":85},[49,9872,9212],{"class":458},[49,9874,9215],{"class":85},[20,9876,9877],{},"Each pair becomes:",[194,9879,9880,9883],{},[197,9881,9882],{},"the first item as the key",[197,9884,9885],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9887,9888],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[40,9890,9892],{"className":42,"code":9891,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9893,9894,9929,9943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9895,9896,9898,9900,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9897,9121],{"class":55},[49,9899,60],{"class":59},[49,9901,9902],{"class":85}," ((",[49,9904,1573],{"class":63},[49,9906,820],{"class":67},[49,9908,1573],{"class":63},[49,9910,341],{"class":85},[49,9912,1264],{"class":458},[49,9914,9139],{"class":85},[49,9916,9142],{"class":85},[49,9918,1573],{"class":63},[49,9920,4667],{"class":67},[49,9922,1573],{"class":63},[49,9924,341],{"class":85},[49,9926,2896],{"class":458},[49,9928,1581],{"class":85},[49,9930,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,9932,9071],{"class":55},[49,9934,60],{"class":59},[49,9936,9076],{"class":2804},[49,9938,92],{"class":85},[49,9940,9168],{"class":88},[49,9942,103],{"class":85},[49,9944,9945,9947,9949,9951],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,9946,110],{"class":109},[49,9948,92],{"class":85},[49,9950,9110],{"class":88},[49,9952,103],{"class":85},[20,9954,9955],{},[666,9956,1974],{},[40,9958,9959],{"className":42,"code":9421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,9960,9961],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,9962,9963,9965,9967,9969,9971,9973,9975,9977,9979,9981,9983,9985,9987],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,9964,9184],{"class":85},[49,9966,1573],{"class":63},[49,9968,820],{"class":67},[49,9970,1573],{"class":63},[49,9972,1197],{"class":85},[49,9974,1264],{"class":458},[49,9976,341],{"class":85},[49,9978,3202],{"class":63},[49,9980,4667],{"class":67},[49,9982,1573],{"class":63},[49,9984,1197],{"class":85},[49,9986,2896],{"class":458},[49,9988,9215],{"class":85},[20,9990,9991,9992,32],{},"Each item must contain ",[666,9993,9994],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9996,2739],{},[40,9998,10000],{"className":42,"code":9999,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10001,10002,10042],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10003,10004,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10005,10006],{"class":55},"bad_data ",[49,10008,60],{"class":59},[49,10010,9126],{"class":85},[49,10012,1573],{"class":63},[49,10014,820],{"class":67},[49,10016,1573],{"class":63},[49,10018,341],{"class":85},[49,10020,1264],{"class":458},[49,10022,341],{"class":85},[49,10024,10025],{"class":458}," 100",[49,10027,9139],{"class":85},[49,10029,9142],{"class":85},[49,10031,1573],{"class":63},[49,10033,4667],{"class":67},[49,10035,1573],{"class":63},[49,10037,341],{"class":85},[49,10039,2896],{"class":458},[49,10041,9155],{"class":85},[49,10043,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10055],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10045,2131],{"class":55},[49,10047,60],{"class":59},[49,10049,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10051,92],{"class":85},[49,10053,10054],{"class":88},"bad_data",[49,10056,103],{"class":85},[20,10058,10059,10060,10063],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10061,10062],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10065,10066],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[40,10068,10070],{"className":42,"code":10069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10071,10072,10121,10135],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10073,10074,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10105,10107,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10075,9121],{"class":55},[49,10077,60],{"class":59},[49,10079,9126],{"class":85},[49,10081,1573],{"class":63},[49,10083,820],{"class":67},[49,10085,1573],{"class":63},[49,10087,341],{"class":85},[49,10089,1264],{"class":458},[49,10091,9139],{"class":85},[49,10093,9142],{"class":85},[49,10095,1573],{"class":63},[49,10097,820],{"class":67},[49,10099,1573],{"class":63},[49,10101,341],{"class":85},[49,10103,10104],{"class":458}," 99",[49,10106,9139],{"class":85},[49,10108,9142],{"class":85},[49,10110,1573],{"class":63},[49,10112,4667],{"class":67},[49,10114,1573],{"class":63},[49,10116,341],{"class":85},[49,10118,2896],{"class":458},[49,10120,9155],{"class":85},[49,10122,10123,10125,10127,10129,10131,10133],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10124,9071],{"class":55},[49,10126,60],{"class":59},[49,10128,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10130,92],{"class":85},[49,10132,9168],{"class":88},[49,10134,103],{"class":85},[49,10136,10137,10139,10141,10143],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,10138,110],{"class":109},[49,10140,92],{"class":85},[49,10142,9110],{"class":88},[49,10144,103],{"class":85},[20,10146,10147],{},[666,10148,1974],{},[40,10150,10152],{"className":42,"code":10151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10153,10154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10155,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176,10178,10180],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10157,9184],{"class":85},[49,10159,1573],{"class":63},[49,10161,820],{"class":67},[49,10163,1573],{"class":63},[49,10165,1197],{"class":85},[49,10167,10104],{"class":458},[49,10169,341],{"class":85},[49,10171,3202],{"class":63},[49,10173,4667],{"class":67},[49,10175,1573],{"class":63},[49,10177,1197],{"class":85},[49,10179,2896],{"class":458},[49,10181,9215],{"class":85},[181,10183,10185],{"id":10184},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10187,10188],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[40,10190,10191],{"className":42,"code":9458,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,10192,10193,10223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10194,10195,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10196,9071],{"class":55},[49,10198,60],{"class":59},[49,10200,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10202,92],{"class":85},[49,10204,7575],{"class":9081},[49,10206,60],{"class":59},[49,10208,1573],{"class":63},[49,10210,4911],{"class":67},[49,10212,1573],{"class":63},[49,10214,341],{"class":85},[49,10216,9094],{"class":9081},[49,10218,60],{"class":59},[49,10220,9099],{"class":458},[49,10222,103],{"class":85},[49,10224,10225,10227,10229,10231],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10226,110],{"class":109},[49,10228,92],{"class":85},[49,10230,9110],{"class":88},[49,10232,103],{"class":85},[20,10234,10235],{},[666,10236,1974],{},[40,10238,10239],{"className":42,"code":9507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,10240,10241],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10242,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10244,9184],{"class":85},[49,10246,1573],{"class":63},[49,10248,7575],{"class":67},[49,10250,1573],{"class":63},[49,10252,1197],{"class":85},[49,10254,3202],{"class":63},[49,10256,4911],{"class":67},[49,10258,1573],{"class":63},[49,10260,341],{"class":85},[49,10262,3202],{"class":63},[49,10264,9205],{"class":67},[49,10266,1573],{"class":63},[49,10268,1197],{"class":85},[49,10270,9212],{"class":458},[49,10272,9215],{"class":85},[20,10274,10275],{},"In this form:",[194,10277,10278,10286],{},[197,10279,10280,10282,10283],{},[15,10281,7575],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10284,10285],{},"'name'",[197,10287,10288,10282,10290],{},[15,10289,9205],{},[15,10291,10292],{},"'age'",[20,10294,10295],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10297,10298],{},"Valid examples:",[40,10300,10302],{"className":42,"code":10301,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10303,10304,10342],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10305,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10317,10319,10321,10324,10326,10328,10331,10333,10335,10338,10340],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10307,9071],{"class":55},[49,10309,60],{"class":59},[49,10311,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10313,92],{"class":85},[49,10315,10316],{"class":9081},"city",[49,10318,60],{"class":59},[49,10320,1573],{"class":63},[49,10322,10323],{"class":67},"Paris",[49,10325,1573],{"class":63},[49,10327,341],{"class":85},[49,10329,10330],{"class":9081}," country",[49,10332,60],{"class":59},[49,10334,1573],{"class":63},[49,10336,10337],{"class":67},"France",[49,10339,1573],{"class":63},[49,10341,103],{"class":85},[49,10343,10344,10346,10348,10350],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10345,110],{"class":109},[49,10347,92],{"class":85},[49,10349,9110],{"class":88},[49,10351,103],{"class":85},[20,10353,10354],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[194,10356,10357,10360,10363],{},[197,10358,10359],{},"spaces",[197,10361,10362],{},"hyphens",[197,10364,10365],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10367,10368,10369,10372],{},"For example, this is ",[666,10370,10371],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[40,10374,10376],{"className":42,"code":10375,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10377,10378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10379,10380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10381,10375],{"class":121},[20,10383,10384],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[40,10386,10388],{"className":42,"code":10387,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10389,10390,10433],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10391,10392,10394,10396,10399,10401,10404,10406,10408,10410,10412,10414,10416,10418,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10393,9071],{"class":55},[49,10395,60],{"class":59},[49,10397,10398],{"class":85}," {",[49,10400,1573],{"class":63},[49,10402,10403],{"class":67},"first-name",[49,10405,1573],{"class":63},[49,10407,1197],{"class":85},[49,10409,3202],{"class":63},[49,10411,7584],{"class":67},[49,10413,1573],{"class":63},[49,10415,341],{"class":85},[49,10417,3202],{"class":63},[49,10419,10420],{"class":67},"first name",[49,10422,1573],{"class":63},[49,10424,1197],{"class":85},[49,10426,3202],{"class":63},[49,10428,7584],{"class":67},[49,10430,1573],{"class":63},[49,10432,9215],{"class":85},[49,10434,10435,10437,10439,10441],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10436,110],{"class":109},[49,10438,92],{"class":85},[49,10440,9110],{"class":88},[49,10442,103],{"class":85},[20,10444,10445],{},[666,10446,1974],{},[40,10448,10450],{"className":42,"code":10449,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10451,10452],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10453,10454,10456,10458,10460,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10455,9184],{"class":85},[49,10457,1573],{"class":63},[49,10459,10403],{"class":67},[49,10461,1573],{"class":63},[49,10463,1197],{"class":85},[49,10465,3202],{"class":63},[49,10467,7584],{"class":67},[49,10469,1573],{"class":63},[49,10471,341],{"class":85},[49,10473,3202],{"class":63},[49,10475,10420],{"class":67},[49,10477,1573],{"class":63},[49,10479,1197],{"class":85},[49,10481,3202],{"class":63},[49,10483,7584],{"class":67},[49,10485,1573],{"class":63},[49,10487,9215],{"class":85},[181,10489,10491,983,10493],{"id":10490},"dict-vs",[15,10492,9025],{},[15,10494,3698],{},[20,10496,10497,10498,380,10500,10502],{},"Both ",[15,10499,9025],{},[15,10501,3698],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[353,10504,35,10506,10508],{"id":10505},"use-when",[15,10507,3698],{}," when:",[194,10510,10511,10514],{},[197,10512,10513],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[197,10515,10516],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[40,10518,10519],{"className":42,"code":9734,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,10520,10521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10522,10523,10525,10527],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10524,9071],{"class":55},[49,10526,60],{"class":59},[49,10528,9745],{"class":85},[353,10530,35,10532,10508],{"id":10531},"use-dict-when",[15,10533,9025],{},[194,10535,10536,10539,10542],{},[197,10537,10538],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[197,10540,10541],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[197,10543,10544],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[40,10546,10548],{"className":42,"code":10547,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10549,10550,10587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10551,10552,10554,10556,10558,10560,10562,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574,10576,10578,10580,10582,10584],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10553,9071],{"class":55},[49,10555,60],{"class":59},[49,10557,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10559,9564],{"class":85},[49,10561,1573],{"class":63},[49,10563,820],{"class":67},[49,10565,1573],{"class":63},[49,10567,341],{"class":85},[49,10569,1264],{"class":458},[49,10571,9139],{"class":85},[49,10573,9142],{"class":85},[49,10575,1573],{"class":63},[49,10577,4667],{"class":67},[49,10579,1573],{"class":63},[49,10581,341],{"class":85},[49,10583,2896],{"class":458},[49,10585,10586],{"class":85},")])\n",[49,10588,10589,10592,10594,10596,10598,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612,10614,10616],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10590,10591],{"class":55},"info ",[49,10593,60],{"class":59},[49,10595,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10597,92],{"class":85},[49,10599,7575],{"class":9081},[49,10601,60],{"class":59},[49,10603,1573],{"class":63},[49,10605,4911],{"class":67},[49,10607,1573],{"class":63},[49,10609,341],{"class":85},[49,10611,9094],{"class":9081},[49,10613,60],{"class":59},[49,10615,9099],{"class":458},[49,10617,103],{"class":85},[20,10619,10620],{},"So:",[194,10622,10623,10628],{},[197,10624,10625,10627],{},[15,10626,3698],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[197,10629,10630,10632],{},[15,10631,9025],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10634,10635,10636,10640,10641,32],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[820,10637,10639],{"href":10638},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[820,10642,10644,10645,1785],{"href":10643},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10646,10647],{},"get()",[181,10649,10651],{"id":10650},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10653,10654,10655,32],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10656,9025],{},[353,10658,10660],{"id":10659},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10662,4432],{},[40,10664,10666],{"className":42,"code":10665,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10667,10668,10692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10669,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682,10684,10686,10688,10690],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10671,7687],{"class":55},[49,10673,60],{"class":59},[49,10675,3530],{"class":85},[49,10677,1573],{"class":63},[49,10679,820],{"class":67},[49,10681,1573],{"class":63},[49,10683,341],{"class":85},[49,10685,3202],{"class":63},[49,10687,4667],{"class":67},[49,10689,1573],{"class":63},[49,10691,1244],{"class":85},[49,10693,10694,10696,10698,10700,10702,10704],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10695,9071],{"class":55},[49,10697,60],{"class":59},[49,10699,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10701,92],{"class":85},[49,10703,7718],{"class":88},[49,10705,103],{"class":85},[20,10707,10708,10709,32],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10710,10711],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10713,10714],{},"Correct version:",[40,10716,10718],{"className":42,"code":10717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10719,10720,10754,10768],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10721,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748,10750,10752],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10723,7687],{"class":55},[49,10725,60],{"class":59},[49,10727,9126],{"class":85},[49,10729,1573],{"class":63},[49,10731,820],{"class":67},[49,10733,1573],{"class":63},[49,10735,341],{"class":85},[49,10737,1264],{"class":458},[49,10739,9139],{"class":85},[49,10741,9142],{"class":85},[49,10743,1573],{"class":63},[49,10745,4667],{"class":67},[49,10747,1573],{"class":63},[49,10749,341],{"class":85},[49,10751,2896],{"class":458},[49,10753,9155],{"class":85},[49,10755,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764,10766],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10757,9071],{"class":55},[49,10759,60],{"class":59},[49,10761,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10763,92],{"class":85},[49,10765,7718],{"class":88},[49,10767,103],{"class":85},[49,10769,10770,10772,10774,10776],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,10771,110],{"class":109},[49,10773,92],{"class":85},[49,10775,9110],{"class":88},[49,10777,103],{"class":85},[353,10779,10781],{"id":10780},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10783,10784],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[40,10786,10788],{"className":42,"code":10787,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10789,10790],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10791,10792],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10793,10787],{"class":121},[20,10795,10796,10797,1197],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10798,60],{},[40,10800,10802],{"className":42,"code":10801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10803,10804,10826],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10805,10806,10808,10810,10812,10814,10816,10818,10820,10822,10824],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10807,9071],{"class":55},[49,10809,60],{"class":59},[49,10811,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10813,92],{"class":85},[49,10815,7575],{"class":9081},[49,10817,60],{"class":59},[49,10819,1573],{"class":63},[49,10821,4911],{"class":67},[49,10823,1573],{"class":63},[49,10825,103],{"class":85},[49,10827,10828,10830,10832,10834],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10829,110],{"class":109},[49,10831,92],{"class":85},[49,10833,9110],{"class":88},[49,10835,103],{"class":85},[353,10837,10839],{"id":10838},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10841,10842],{},"This will not work:",[40,10844,10845],{"className":42,"code":10375,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,10846,10847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10848,10849],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10850,10375],{"class":121},[20,10852,10853],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[40,10855,10857],{"className":42,"code":10856,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10858,10859,10883],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10860,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10873,10875,10877,10879,10881],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10862,9071],{"class":55},[49,10864,60],{"class":59},[49,10866,10398],{"class":85},[49,10868,1573],{"class":63},[49,10870,10403],{"class":67},[49,10872,1573],{"class":63},[49,10874,1197],{"class":85},[49,10876,3202],{"class":63},[49,10878,7584],{"class":67},[49,10880,1573],{"class":63},[49,10882,9215],{"class":85},[49,10884,10885,10887,10889,10891],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10886,110],{"class":109},[49,10888,92],{"class":85},[49,10890,9110],{"class":88},[49,10892,103],{"class":85},[353,10894,10896],{"id":10895},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10898,10899],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[40,10901,10903],{"className":42,"code":10902,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10904,10905,10941],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10906,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937,10939],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10908,9071],{"class":55},[49,10910,60],{"class":59},[49,10912,9076],{"class":2804},[49,10914,9564],{"class":85},[49,10916,1573],{"class":63},[49,10918,283],{"class":67},[49,10920,1573],{"class":63},[49,10922,341],{"class":85},[49,10924,1264],{"class":458},[49,10926,9139],{"class":85},[49,10928,9142],{"class":85},[49,10930,1573],{"class":63},[49,10932,283],{"class":67},[49,10934,1573],{"class":63},[49,10936,341],{"class":85},[49,10938,2896],{"class":458},[49,10940,10586],{"class":85},[49,10942,10943,10945,10947,10949],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,10944,110],{"class":109},[49,10946,92],{"class":85},[49,10948,9110],{"class":88},[49,10950,103],{"class":85},[20,10952,10953],{},[666,10954,1974],{},[40,10956,10958],{"className":42,"code":10957,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10959,10960],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,10961,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,10963,9184],{"class":85},[49,10965,1573],{"class":63},[49,10967,283],{"class":67},[49,10969,1573],{"class":63},[49,10971,1197],{"class":85},[49,10973,2896],{"class":458},[49,10975,9215],{"class":85},[20,10977,10978,10979,32],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[820,10980,10982],{"href":10981},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[181,10984,1308],{"id":1307},[20,10986,10987,10988,10990],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10989,9025],{}," include:",[194,10992,10993,11003,11009,11012],{},[197,10994,10995,10996,10999,11000],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10997,10998],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11001,11002],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[197,11004,11005,11006],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11007,11008],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[197,11010,11011],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[197,11013,11014,11015,11017],{},"confusing ",[15,11016,9025],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11019,11020],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[40,11022,11024],{"className":42,"code":11023,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11025,11026,11040,11050,11061],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11027,11028,11030,11032,11034,11036,11038],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11029,110],{"class":109},[49,11031,92],{"class":85},[49,11033,3127],{"class":2804},[49,11035,92],{"class":85},[49,11037,9110],{"class":88},[49,11039,1581],{"class":85},[49,11041,11042,11044,11046,11048],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,11043,110],{"class":109},[49,11045,92],{"class":85},[49,11047,9110],{"class":88},[49,11049,103],{"class":85},[49,11051,11052,11054,11056,11059],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,11053,110],{"class":109},[49,11055,92],{"class":85},[49,11057,11058],{"class":88},"list_of_pairs",[49,11060,103],{"class":85},[49,11062,11063,11065,11067,11069,11071,11073],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,11064,110],{"class":109},[49,11066,92],{"class":85},[49,11068,1631],{"class":109},[49,11070,92],{"class":85},[49,11072,11058],{"class":88},[49,11074,1581],{"class":85},[20,11076,11077],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[194,11079,11080,11083,11086],{},[197,11081,11082],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[197,11084,11085],{},"what data is being passed in",[197,11087,11088],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[181,11090,1704],{"id":1703},[353,11092,1740,11094,380,11096,2394],{"id":11093},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11095,9025],{},[15,11097,3698],{},[20,11099,11100,11102,11103,11105],{},[15,11101,3698],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11104,9025],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[353,11107,5077,11109,11111],{"id":11108},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11110,9025],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11113,11114,11115,32],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11116,11002],{},[353,11118,5065,11120,11123],{"id":11119},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11121,11122],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11125,11126],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[353,11128,11130,11131,11133],{"id":11129},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11132,9025],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11135,11136,11137,11140],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11138,11139],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[181,11142,1775],{"id":1774},[194,11144,11145,11150,11154,11159,11165],{},[197,11146,11147],{},[820,11148,11149],{"href":9297},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[197,11151,11152],{},[820,11153,9061],{"href":9060},[197,11155,11156],{},[820,11157,11158],{"href":10638},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[197,11160,11161],{},[820,11162,10644,11163,1785],{"href":10643},[15,11164,10647],{},[197,11166,11167],{},[820,11168,11169],{"href":10981},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1834,11171,11172],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":11174},[11175,11177,11183,11184,11185,11186,11193,11199,11200,11210],{"id":9251,"depth":74,"text":11176},"What dict() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":11178},[11179,11180,11181,11182],{"id":9308,"depth":106,"text":9309},{"id":9350,"depth":106,"text":9351},{"id":9454,"depth":106,"text":9455},{"id":9544,"depth":106,"text":9545},{"id":9657,"depth":74,"text":9309},{"id":9761,"depth":74,"text":9762},{"id":10184,"depth":74,"text":10185},{"id":10490,"depth":74,"text":11187,"children":11188},"dict() vs {}",[11189,11191],{"id":10505,"depth":106,"text":11190},"Use {} when:",{"id":10531,"depth":106,"text":11192},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10650,"depth":74,"text":10651,"children":11194},[11195,11196,11197,11198],{"id":10659,"depth":106,"text":10660},{"id":10780,"depth":106,"text":10781},{"id":10838,"depth":106,"text":10839},{"id":10895,"depth":106,"text":10896},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":11201},[11202,11204,11206,11208],{"id":11093,"depth":106,"text":11203},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11108,"depth":106,"text":11205},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11119,"depth":106,"text":11207},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11129,"depth":106,"text":11209},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9017,"description":11211},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11218,"title":11219,"body":11220,"description":12729,"extension":1866,"meta":12730,"navigation":128,"path":12731,"seo":12732,"stem":12733,"__hash__":12734},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11221,"toc":12698},[11222,11229,11235,11242,11244,11305,11310,11315,11320,11337,11340,11344,11346,11362,11365,11378,11382,11385,11519,11521,11588,11591,11607,11613,11619,11622,11704,11706,11720,11724,11730,11795,11797,11805,11808,11831,11837,11900,11906,11909,11923,11936,11940,11951,11956,11967,11974,11978,11984,12106,12108,12134,12137,12154,12157,12268,12270,12319,12321,12334,12343,12348,12353,12364,12366,12469,12492,12494,12498,12517,12520,12578,12581,12607,12609,12615,12618,12624,12628,12635,12643,12649,12652,12654,12695],[10,11223,11225,11226,18],{"id":11224},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11227,11228],{},"clear()",[20,11230,11231,11234],{},[15,11232,11233],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11236,11237,11238,11241],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[666,11239,11240],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[181,11243,1907],{"id":1906},[40,11245,11247],{"className":42,"code":11246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11248,11249,11281,11292],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11250,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265,11267,11269,11271,11273,11275,11277,11279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11252,9071],{"class":55},[49,11254,60],{"class":59},[49,11256,10398],{"class":85},[49,11258,95],{"class":63},[49,11260,820],{"class":67},[49,11262,95],{"class":63},[49,11264,1197],{"class":85},[49,11266,1264],{"class":458},[49,11268,341],{"class":85},[49,11270,64],{"class":63},[49,11272,4667],{"class":67},[49,11274,95],{"class":63},[49,11276,1197],{"class":85},[49,11278,2896],{"class":458},[49,11280,9215],{"class":85},[49,11282,11283,11285,11287,11290],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,11284,9110],{"class":55},[49,11286,32],{"class":85},[49,11288,11289],{"class":88},"clear",[49,11291,8548],{"class":85},[49,11293,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,11295,110],{"class":109},[49,11297,92],{"class":85},[49,11299,9110],{"class":88},[49,11301,118],{"class":85},[49,11303,11304],{"class":121},"  # {}\n",[20,11306,11307,11309],{},[15,11308,11228],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[181,11311,184,11313,187],{"id":11312},"what-clear-does",[15,11314,11228],{},[20,11316,661,11317,11319],{},[15,11318,11228],{}," method:",[194,11321,11322,11325,11328,11332],{},[197,11323,11324],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[197,11326,11327],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[197,11329,205,11330],{},[15,11331,3684],{},[197,11333,11334,11335],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11336,3698],{},[20,11338,11339],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11341,9057,11342,32],{},[820,11343,9061],{"href":9060},[181,11345,316],{"id":315},[40,11347,11349],{"className":42,"code":11348,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11350,11351],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11352,11353,11356,11358,11360],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11354,11355],{"class":55},"my_dict",[49,11357,32],{"class":85},[49,11359,11289],{"class":88},[49,11361,8548],{"class":85},[20,11363,11364],{},"Important points:",[194,11366,11367,11372,11375],{},[197,11368,11369,11371],{},[15,11370,11228],{}," takes no arguments",[197,11373,11374],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[197,11376,11377],{},"It empties that dictionary",[181,11379,11381],{"id":11380},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11383,11384],{},"Here is a basic example:",[40,11386,11388],{"className":42,"code":11387,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11389,11390,11400,11421,11435,11452,11456,11460,11480,11484,11495,11499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11391,11392,11395,11397],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11393,11394],{"class":55},"user ",[49,11396,60],{"class":59},[49,11398,11399],{"class":85}," {\n",[49,11401,11402,11405,11407,11409,11411,11413,11416,11418],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,11403,11404],{"class":63},"    \"",[49,11406,7575],{"class":67},[49,11408,95],{"class":63},[49,11410,1197],{"class":85},[49,11412,64],{"class":63},[49,11414,11415],{"class":67},"Maya",[49,11417,95],{"class":63},[49,11419,11420],{"class":85},",\n",[49,11422,11423,11425,11427,11429,11431,11433],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,11424,11404],{"class":63},[49,11426,9205],{"class":67},[49,11428,95],{"class":63},[49,11430,1197],{"class":85},[49,11432,9212],{"class":458},[49,11434,11420],{"class":85},[49,11436,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445,11447,11450],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,11438,11404],{"class":63},[49,11440,10316],{"class":67},[49,11442,95],{"class":63},[49,11444,1197],{"class":85},[49,11446,64],{"class":63},[49,11448,11449],{"class":67},"Berlin",[49,11451,71],{"class":63},[49,11453,11454],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,11455,9215],{"class":85},[49,11457,11458],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,11459,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,11461,11462,11464,11466,11468,11471,11473,11475,11478],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,11463,110],{"class":109},[49,11465,92],{"class":85},[49,11467,95],{"class":63},[49,11469,11470],{"class":67},"Before:",[49,11472,95],{"class":63},[49,11474,341],{"class":85},[49,11476,11477],{"class":88}," user",[49,11479,103],{"class":85},[49,11481,11482],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,11483,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,11485,11486,11489,11491,11493],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,11487,11488],{"class":55},"user",[49,11490,32],{"class":85},[49,11492,11289],{"class":88},[49,11494,8548],{"class":85},[49,11496,11497],{"class":51,"line":6342},[49,11498,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508,11511,11513,11515,11517],{"class":51,"line":11501},11,[49,11503,110],{"class":109},[49,11505,92],{"class":85},[49,11507,95],{"class":63},[49,11509,11510],{"class":67},"After:",[49,11512,95],{"class":63},[49,11514,341],{"class":85},[49,11516,11477],{"class":88},[49,11518,103],{"class":85},[20,11520,5466],{},[40,11522,11524],{"className":42,"code":11523,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11525,11526,11579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11527,11528,11531,11533,11535,11537,11539,11541,11543,11545,11547,11549,11551,11553,11555,11557,11559,11561,11563,11565,11567,11569,11571,11573,11575,11577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11529,11530],{"class":55},"Before",[49,11532,1197],{"class":85},[49,11534,10398],{"class":85},[49,11536,1573],{"class":63},[49,11538,7575],{"class":67},[49,11540,1573],{"class":63},[49,11542,1197],{"class":85},[49,11544,3202],{"class":63},[49,11546,11415],{"class":67},[49,11548,1573],{"class":63},[49,11550,341],{"class":85},[49,11552,3202],{"class":63},[49,11554,9205],{"class":67},[49,11556,1573],{"class":63},[49,11558,1197],{"class":85},[49,11560,9212],{"class":458},[49,11562,341],{"class":85},[49,11564,3202],{"class":63},[49,11566,10316],{"class":67},[49,11568,1573],{"class":63},[49,11570,1197],{"class":85},[49,11572,3202],{"class":63},[49,11574,11449],{"class":67},[49,11576,1573],{"class":63},[49,11578,9215],{"class":85},[49,11580,11581,11584,11586],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,11582,11583],{"class":55},"After",[49,11585,1197],{"class":85},[49,11587,9745],{"class":85},[20,11589,11590],{},"What happens here:",[194,11592,11593,11598,11604],{},[197,11594,11595,11597],{},[15,11596,11488],{}," starts with three items",[197,11599,11600,11603],{},[15,11601,11602],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[197,11605,11606],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[181,11608,184,11610,11612],{"id":11609},"what-clear-returns",[15,11611,11228],{}," returns",[20,11614,11615,1000,11617,32],{},[15,11616,11228],{},[15,11618,3684],{},[20,11620,11621],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[40,11623,11625],{"className":42,"code":11624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11626,11627,11661,11665,11680,11684,11694],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11628,11629,11632,11634,11636,11638,11640,11642,11644,11646,11648,11650,11653,11655,11657,11659],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11630,11631],{"class":55},"my_dict ",[49,11633,60],{"class":59},[49,11635,10398],{"class":85},[49,11637,95],{"class":63},[49,11639,283],{"class":67},[49,11641,95],{"class":63},[49,11643,1197],{"class":85},[49,11645,1264],{"class":458},[49,11647,341],{"class":85},[49,11649,64],{"class":63},[49,11651,11652],{"class":67},"y",[49,11654,95],{"class":63},[49,11656,1197],{"class":85},[49,11658,2896],{"class":458},[49,11660,9215],{"class":85},[49,11662,11663],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,11664,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,11666,11667,11669,11671,11674,11676,11678],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,11668,2131],{"class":55},[49,11670,60],{"class":59},[49,11672,11673],{"class":55}," my_dict",[49,11675,32],{"class":85},[49,11677,11289],{"class":88},[49,11679,8548],{"class":85},[49,11681,11682],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,11683,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,11685,11686,11688,11690,11692],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,11687,110],{"class":109},[49,11689,92],{"class":85},[49,11691,2166],{"class":88},[49,11693,103],{"class":85},[49,11695,11696,11698,11700,11702],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,11697,110],{"class":109},[49,11699,92],{"class":85},[49,11701,11355],{"class":88},[49,11703,103],{"class":85},[20,11705,1974],{},[40,11707,11709],{"className":42,"code":11708,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n{}\n",[15,11710,11711,11716],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11712,11713],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11714,11715],{"class":3757},"None\n",[49,11717,11718],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,11719,9341],{"class":85},[353,11721,11723],{"id":11722},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11725,11726,11727,11729],{},"Do ",[666,11728,4536],{}," do this:",[40,11731,11733],{"className":42,"code":11732,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11734,11735,11767,11781,11785],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11736,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759,11761,11763,11765],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11738,11631],{"class":55},[49,11740,60],{"class":59},[49,11742,10398],{"class":85},[49,11744,95],{"class":63},[49,11746,283],{"class":67},[49,11748,95],{"class":63},[49,11750,1197],{"class":85},[49,11752,1264],{"class":458},[49,11754,341],{"class":85},[49,11756,64],{"class":63},[49,11758,11652],{"class":67},[49,11760,95],{"class":63},[49,11762,1197],{"class":85},[49,11764,2896],{"class":458},[49,11766,9215],{"class":85},[49,11768,11769,11771,11773,11775,11777,11779],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,11770,11631],{"class":55},[49,11772,60],{"class":59},[49,11774,11673],{"class":55},[49,11776,32],{"class":85},[49,11778,11289],{"class":88},[49,11780,8548],{"class":85},[49,11782,11783],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,11784,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,11786,11787,11789,11791,11793],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,11788,110],{"class":109},[49,11790,92],{"class":85},[49,11792,11355],{"class":88},[49,11794,103],{"class":85},[20,11796,1974],{},[40,11798,11799],{"className":42,"code":11715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,11800,11801],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11802,11803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11804,11715],{"class":3757},[20,11806,11807],{},"Why this happens:",[194,11809,11810,11816,11821],{},[197,11811,11812,11815],{},[15,11813,11814],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[197,11817,11818,11819],{},"The method returns ",[15,11820,3684],{},[197,11822,11823,11824,11827,11828,11830],{},"Then ",[15,11825,11826],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11829,3684],{}," in the variable",[20,11832,11833,11834,11836],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11835,11228],{}," by itself:",[40,11838,11840],{"className":42,"code":11839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11841,11842,11874,11884,11888],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11843,11844,11846,11848,11850,11852,11854,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11845,11631],{"class":55},[49,11847,60],{"class":59},[49,11849,10398],{"class":85},[49,11851,95],{"class":63},[49,11853,283],{"class":67},[49,11855,95],{"class":63},[49,11857,1197],{"class":85},[49,11859,1264],{"class":458},[49,11861,341],{"class":85},[49,11863,64],{"class":63},[49,11865,11652],{"class":67},[49,11867,95],{"class":63},[49,11869,1197],{"class":85},[49,11871,2896],{"class":458},[49,11873,9215],{"class":85},[49,11875,11876,11878,11880,11882],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,11877,11355],{"class":55},[49,11879,32],{"class":85},[49,11881,11289],{"class":88},[49,11883,8548],{"class":85},[49,11885,11886],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,11887,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,11889,11890,11892,11894,11896,11898],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,11891,110],{"class":109},[49,11893,92],{"class":85},[49,11895,11355],{"class":88},[49,11897,118],{"class":85},[49,11899,11304],{"class":121},[181,11901,11903,11905],{"id":11902},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11904,11228],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11907,11908],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[40,11910,11911],{"className":42,"code":11348,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,11912,11913],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11914,11915,11917,11919,11921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11916,11355],{"class":55},[49,11918,32],{"class":85},[49,11920,11289],{"class":88},[49,11922,8548],{"class":85},[40,11924,11926],{"className":42,"code":11925,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11927,11928],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11929,11930,11932,11934],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11931,11631],{"class":55},[49,11933,60],{"class":59},[49,11935,9745],{"class":85},[353,11937,11938],{"id":11289},[15,11939,11228],{},[194,11941,11942,11945,11948],{},[197,11943,11944],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[197,11946,11947],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[197,11949,11950],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[353,11952,11953],{"id":11355},[15,11954,11955],{},"my_dict = {}",[194,11957,11958,11961,11964],{},[197,11959,11960],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[197,11962,11963],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[197,11965,11966],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11968,11969,11970,32],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[820,11971,11973],{"href":11972},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[181,11975,11977],{"id":11976},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11979,11980,11981,11983],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11982,11228],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[40,11985,11987],{"className":42,"code":11986,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11988,11989,12022,12032,12036,12047,12051,12071,12091],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,11990,11991,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004,12006,12008,12010,12012,12014,12016,12018,12020],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,11992,11993],{"class":55},"original ",[49,11995,60],{"class":59},[49,11997,10398],{"class":85},[49,11999,95],{"class":63},[49,12001,820],{"class":67},[49,12003,95],{"class":63},[49,12005,1197],{"class":85},[49,12007,1264],{"class":458},[49,12009,341],{"class":85},[49,12011,64],{"class":63},[49,12013,4667],{"class":67},[49,12015,95],{"class":63},[49,12017,1197],{"class":85},[49,12019,2896],{"class":458},[49,12021,9215],{"class":85},[49,12023,12024,12027,12029],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,12025,12026],{"class":55},"other_ref ",[49,12028,60],{"class":59},[49,12030,12031],{"class":55}," original\n",[49,12033,12034],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,12035,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,12037,12038,12041,12043,12045],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,12039,12040],{"class":55},"original",[49,12042,32],{"class":85},[49,12044,11289],{"class":88},[49,12046,8548],{"class":85},[49,12048,12049],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,12050,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,12052,12053,12055,12057,12059,12062,12064,12066,12069],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,12054,110],{"class":109},[49,12056,92],{"class":85},[49,12058,95],{"class":63},[49,12060,12061],{"class":67},"original:",[49,12063,95],{"class":63},[49,12065,341],{"class":85},[49,12067,12068],{"class":88}," original",[49,12070,103],{"class":85},[49,12072,12073,12075,12077,12079,12082,12084,12086,12089],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,12074,110],{"class":109},[49,12076,92],{"class":85},[49,12078,95],{"class":63},[49,12080,12081],{"class":67},"other_ref:",[49,12083,95],{"class":63},[49,12085,341],{"class":85},[49,12087,12088],{"class":88}," other_ref",[49,12090,103],{"class":85},[49,12092,12093,12095,12097,12099,12102,12104],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,12094,110],{"class":109},[49,12096,92],{"class":85},[49,12098,11993],{"class":88},[49,12100,12101],{"class":1210},"is",[49,12103,12088],{"class":88},[49,12105,103],{"class":85},[20,12107,1974],{},[40,12109,12111],{"className":42,"code":12110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12112,12113,12121,12130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12114,12115,12117,12119],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12116,12040],{"class":55},[49,12118,1197],{"class":85},[49,12120,9745],{"class":85},[49,12122,12123,12126,12128],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,12124,12125],{"class":55},"other_ref",[49,12127,1197],{"class":85},[49,12129,9745],{"class":85},[49,12131,12132],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,12133,3885],{"class":3757},[20,12135,12136],{},"This shows:",[194,12138,12139,12146,12151],{},[197,12140,12141,380,12143,12145],{},[15,12142,12040],{},[15,12144,12125],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[197,12147,12148,12150],{},[15,12149,11228],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[197,12152,12153],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12155,12156],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[40,12158,12160],{"className":42,"code":12159,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12161,12162,12194,12202,12206,12214,12218,12236,12254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12163,12164,12166,12168,12170,12172,12174,12176,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186,12188,12190,12192],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12165,11993],{"class":55},[49,12167,60],{"class":59},[49,12169,10398],{"class":85},[49,12171,95],{"class":63},[49,12173,820],{"class":67},[49,12175,95],{"class":63},[49,12177,1197],{"class":85},[49,12179,1264],{"class":458},[49,12181,341],{"class":85},[49,12183,64],{"class":63},[49,12185,4667],{"class":67},[49,12187,95],{"class":63},[49,12189,1197],{"class":85},[49,12191,2896],{"class":458},[49,12193,9215],{"class":85},[49,12195,12196,12198,12200],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,12197,12026],{"class":55},[49,12199,60],{"class":59},[49,12201,12031],{"class":55},[49,12203,12204],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,12205,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,12207,12208,12210,12212],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,12209,11993],{"class":55},[49,12211,60],{"class":59},[49,12213,9745],{"class":85},[49,12215,12216],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,12217,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,12219,12220,12222,12224,12226,12228,12230,12232,12234],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,12221,110],{"class":109},[49,12223,92],{"class":85},[49,12225,95],{"class":63},[49,12227,12061],{"class":67},[49,12229,95],{"class":63},[49,12231,341],{"class":85},[49,12233,12068],{"class":88},[49,12235,103],{"class":85},[49,12237,12238,12240,12242,12244,12246,12248,12250,12252],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,12239,110],{"class":109},[49,12241,92],{"class":85},[49,12243,95],{"class":63},[49,12245,12081],{"class":67},[49,12247,95],{"class":63},[49,12249,341],{"class":85},[49,12251,12088],{"class":88},[49,12253,103],{"class":85},[49,12255,12256,12258,12260,12262,12264,12266],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,12257,110],{"class":109},[49,12259,92],{"class":85},[49,12261,11993],{"class":88},[49,12263,12101],{"class":1210},[49,12265,12088],{"class":88},[49,12267,103],{"class":85},[20,12269,1974],{},[40,12271,12273],{"className":42,"code":12272,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12274,12275,12283,12315],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12276,12277,12279,12281],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12278,12040],{"class":55},[49,12280,1197],{"class":85},[49,12282,9745],{"class":85},[49,12284,12285,12287,12289,12291,12293,12295,12297,12299,12301,12303,12305,12307,12309,12311,12313],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,12286,12125],{"class":55},[49,12288,1197],{"class":85},[49,12290,10398],{"class":85},[49,12292,1573],{"class":63},[49,12294,820],{"class":67},[49,12296,1573],{"class":63},[49,12298,1197],{"class":85},[49,12300,1264],{"class":458},[49,12302,341],{"class":85},[49,12304,3202],{"class":63},[49,12306,4667],{"class":67},[49,12308,1573],{"class":63},[49,12310,1197],{"class":85},[49,12312,2896],{"class":458},[49,12314,9215],{"class":85},[49,12316,12317],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,12318,3946],{"class":3757},[20,12320,2080],{},[194,12322,12323,12329],{},[197,12324,12325,12328],{},[15,12326,12327],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[197,12330,12331,12333],{},[15,12332,12125],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12335,12336,12337,32],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[820,12338,12340],{"href":12339},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12341,12342],{},"dict.copy()",[181,12344,4868,12346],{"id":12345},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12347,11228],{},[20,12349,12350,12352],{},[15,12351,11228],{}," is useful when you want to:",[194,12354,12355,12358,12361],{},[197,12356,12357],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[197,12359,12360],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[197,12362,12363],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12365,214],{},[40,12367,12369],{"className":42,"code":12368,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12370,12371,12380,12396,12416,12429,12433,12437,12442,12453,12457],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12372,12373,12376,12378],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12374,12375],{"class":55},"session_data ",[49,12377,60],{"class":59},[49,12379,11399],{"class":85},[49,12381,12382,12384,12387,12389,12391,12394],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,12383,11404],{"class":63},[49,12385,12386],{"class":67},"user_id",[49,12388,95],{"class":63},[49,12390,1197],{"class":85},[49,12392,12393],{"class":458}," 101",[49,12395,11420],{"class":85},[49,12397,12398,12400,12403,12405,12407,12409,12412,12414],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,12399,11404],{"class":63},[49,12401,12402],{"class":67},"theme",[49,12404,95],{"class":63},[49,12406,1197],{"class":85},[49,12408,64],{"class":63},[49,12410,12411],{"class":67},"dark",[49,12413,95],{"class":63},[49,12415,11420],{"class":85},[49,12417,12418,12420,12423,12425,12427],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,12419,11404],{"class":63},[49,12421,12422],{"class":67},"logged_in",[49,12424,95],{"class":63},[49,12426,1197],{"class":85},[49,12428,6329],{"class":3757},[49,12430,12431],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,12432,9215],{"class":85},[49,12434,12435],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,12436,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,12438,12439],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,12440,12441],{"class":121},"# Reset for a new session\n",[49,12443,12444,12447,12449,12451],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,12445,12446],{"class":55},"session_data",[49,12448,32],{"class":85},[49,12450,11289],{"class":88},[49,12452,8548],{"class":85},[49,12454,12455],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,12456,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,12458,12459,12461,12463,12465,12467],{"class":51,"line":6342},[49,12460,110],{"class":109},[49,12462,92],{"class":85},[49,12464,12446],{"class":88},[49,12466,118],{"class":85},[49,12468,11304],{"class":121},[20,12470,12471,12472,12478,12479,32,12483,12485,12486,32],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[820,12473,12475],{"href":12474},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12476,12477],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[820,12480,12482],{"href":12481},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9753,12484],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[820,12487,12489],{"href":12488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12490,12491],{},"dict.popitem()",[181,12493,1308],{"id":1307},[20,12495,10654,12496,1197],{},[15,12497,11228],{},[194,12499,12500,12506,12511,12514],{},[197,12501,12502,12503,12505],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12504,11228],{}," to a variable",[197,12507,1318,12508,12510],{},[15,12509,11228],{}," to return a new dictionary",[197,12512,12513],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[197,12515,12516],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12518,12519],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[40,12521,12523],{"className":42,"code":12522,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12524,12525,12535,12549,12564],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12526,12527,12529,12531,12533],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12528,110],{"class":109},[49,12530,92],{"class":85},[49,12532,11355],{"class":88},[49,12534,103],{"class":85},[49,12536,12537,12539,12541,12543,12545,12547],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,12538,110],{"class":109},[49,12540,92],{"class":85},[49,12542,3127],{"class":2804},[49,12544,92],{"class":85},[49,12546,11355],{"class":88},[49,12548,1581],{"class":85},[49,12550,12551,12553,12555,12558,12560,12562],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,12552,110],{"class":109},[49,12554,92],{"class":85},[49,12556,12557],{"class":109},"id",[49,12559,92],{"class":85},[49,12561,11355],{"class":88},[49,12563,1581],{"class":85},[49,12565,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,12567,110],{"class":109},[49,12569,92],{"class":85},[49,12571,12026],{"class":88},[49,12573,12101],{"class":1210},[49,12575,11673],{"class":88},[49,12577,103],{"class":85},[20,12579,12580],{},"What these show:",[194,12582,12583,12589,12595,12601],{},[197,12584,12585,12588],{},[15,12586,12587],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[197,12590,12591,12594],{},[15,12592,12593],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[197,12596,12597,12600],{},[15,12598,12599],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[197,12602,12603,12606],{},[15,12604,12605],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[181,12608,1704],{"id":1703},[353,12610,1720,12612,12614],{"id":12611},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12613,11228],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12616,12617],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[353,12619,5050,12621,12623],{"id":12620},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12622,11233],{}," return?",[20,12625,1714,12626,32],{},[15,12627,3684],{},[353,12629,1740,12631,380,12633,2394],{"id":12630},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12632,11228],{},[15,12634,3698],{},[20,12636,12637,12639,12640,12642],{},[15,12638,11228],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12641,3698],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[353,12644,1720,12646,12648],{"id":12645},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12647,11228],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12650,12651],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[181,12653,1775],{"id":1774},[194,12655,12656,12660,12664,12671,12678,12685,12690],{},[197,12657,12658],{},[820,12659,9061],{"href":9060},[197,12661,12662],{},[820,12663,11149],{"href":9297},[197,12665,12666],{},[820,12667,10644,12668,1785],{"href":12474},[15,12669,12670],{},"pop()",[197,12672,12673],{},[820,12674,10644,12675,1785],{"href":12488},[15,12676,12677],{},"popitem()",[197,12679,12680],{},[820,12681,10644,12682,1785],{"href":12339},[15,12683,12684],{},"copy()",[197,12686,12687],{},[820,12688,12689],{"href":11972},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[197,12691,12692],{},[820,12693,12694],{"href":12481},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1834,12696,12697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":12699},[12700,12701,12703,12704,12705,12709,12714,12715,12717,12718,12728],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":11312,"depth":74,"text":12702},"What clear() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":11609,"depth":74,"text":12706,"children":12707},"What clear() returns",[12708],{"id":11722,"depth":106,"text":11723},{"id":11902,"depth":74,"text":12710,"children":12711},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12712,12713],{"id":11289,"depth":106,"text":11228},{"id":11355,"depth":106,"text":11955},{"id":11976,"depth":74,"text":11977},{"id":12345,"depth":74,"text":12716},"When to use clear()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":12719},[12720,12722,12724,12726],{"id":12611,"depth":106,"text":12721},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12620,"depth":106,"text":12723},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12630,"depth":106,"text":12725},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12645,"depth":106,"text":12727},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11219,"description":12729},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12736,"title":12737,"body":12738,"description":14907,"extension":1866,"meta":14908,"navigation":128,"path":14909,"seo":14910,"stem":14911,"__hash__":14912},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12739,"toc":14879},[12740,12745,12750,12760,12762,12851,12855,12896,12901,12908,12926,12935,12937,12958,12961,12973,12975,13054,13058,13099,13101,13104,13232,13236,13316,13319,13337,13340,13344,13350,13352,13363,13365,13560,13564,13670,13673,13691,13694,13701,13706,13710,13724,13726,13853,13857,13937,13950,13956,13959,13967,13971,14097,14101,14175,14180,14311,14315,14389,14392,14406,14410,14414,14428,14430,14566,14570,14639,14641,14646,14668,14671,14778,14781,14792,14799,14801,14807,14810,14817,14820,14827,14835,14839,14842,14844,14876],[10,12741,11225,12743,18],{"id":12742},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12744,12684],{},[20,12746,12747,12749],{},[15,12748,12342],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12751,12752,12753,12755,12756,12759],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12754,12684],{}," makes a ",[666,12757,12758],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[181,12761,1907],{"id":1906},[40,12763,12765],{"className":42,"code":12764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12766,12767,12805,12822,12826,12837],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12768,12769,12772,12774,12776,12778,12780,12782,12784,12786,12789,12791,12793,12795,12797,12799,12801,12803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12770,12771],{"class":55},"student ",[49,12773,60],{"class":59},[49,12775,10398],{"class":85},[49,12777,95],{"class":63},[49,12779,7575],{"class":67},[49,12781,95],{"class":63},[49,12783,1197],{"class":85},[49,12785,64],{"class":63},[49,12787,12788],{"class":67},"Ana",[49,12790,95],{"class":63},[49,12792,341],{"class":85},[49,12794,64],{"class":63},[49,12796,9205],{"class":67},[49,12798,95],{"class":63},[49,12800,1197],{"class":85},[49,12802,7698],{"class":458},[49,12804,9215],{"class":85},[49,12806,12807,12810,12812,12815,12817,12820],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,12808,12809],{"class":55},"student_copy ",[49,12811,60],{"class":59},[49,12813,12814],{"class":55}," student",[49,12816,32],{"class":85},[49,12818,12819],{"class":88},"copy",[49,12821,8548],{"class":85},[49,12823,12824],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,12825,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,12827,12828,12830,12832,12835],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,12829,110],{"class":109},[49,12831,92],{"class":85},[49,12833,12834],{"class":88},"student_copy",[49,12836,103],{"class":85},[49,12838,12839,12841,12843,12845,12847,12849],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,12840,110],{"class":109},[49,12842,92],{"class":85},[49,12844,12809],{"class":88},[49,12846,12101],{"class":1210},[49,12848,12814],{"class":88},[49,12850,103],{"class":85},[20,12852,12853],{},[666,12854,1974],{},[40,12856,12858],{"className":42,"code":12857,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12859,12860,12892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12861,12862,12864,12866,12868,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878,12880,12882,12884,12886,12888,12890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12863,9184],{"class":85},[49,12865,1573],{"class":63},[49,12867,7575],{"class":67},[49,12869,1573],{"class":63},[49,12871,1197],{"class":85},[49,12873,3202],{"class":63},[49,12875,12788],{"class":67},[49,12877,1573],{"class":63},[49,12879,341],{"class":85},[49,12881,3202],{"class":63},[49,12883,9205],{"class":67},[49,12885,1573],{"class":63},[49,12887,1197],{"class":85},[49,12889,7698],{"class":458},[49,12891,9215],{"class":85},[49,12893,12894],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,12895,3946],{"class":3757},[20,12897,35,12898,12900],{},[15,12899,12684],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[181,12902,12904,12905,12907],{"id":12903},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12906,12684],{}," method does",[194,12909,12910,12915,12918,12923],{},[197,12911,12912,12914],{},[15,12913,12342],{}," returns a new dictionary",[197,12916,12917],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[197,12919,12920,12921],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12922,12684],{},[197,12924,12925],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12927,12928,12929,634,12932,32],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[820,12930,9061],{"href":12931},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[820,12933,9298],{"href":12934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[181,12936,316],{"id":315},[40,12938,12940],{"className":42,"code":12939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12941,12942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12943,12944,12947,12949,12952,12954,12956],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12945,12946],{"class":55},"new_dict ",[49,12948,60],{"class":59},[49,12950,12951],{"class":55}," old_dict",[49,12953,32],{"class":85},[49,12955,12819],{"class":88},[49,12957,8548],{"class":85},[20,12959,12960],{},"Key points:",[194,12962,12963,12967,12970],{},[197,12964,12965,11371],{},[15,12966,12684],{},[197,12968,12969],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[197,12971,12972],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12974,214],{},[40,12976,12978],{"className":42,"code":12977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12979,12980,13023,13039,13043],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,12981,12982,12985,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13019,13021],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,12983,12984],{"class":55},"colors ",[49,12986,60],{"class":59},[49,12988,10398],{"class":85},[49,12990,95],{"class":63},[49,12992,820],{"class":67},[49,12994,95],{"class":63},[49,12996,1197],{"class":85},[49,12998,64],{"class":63},[49,13000,13001],{"class":67},"red",[49,13003,95],{"class":63},[49,13005,341],{"class":85},[49,13007,64],{"class":63},[49,13009,4667],{"class":67},[49,13011,95],{"class":63},[49,13013,1197],{"class":85},[49,13015,64],{"class":63},[49,13017,13018],{"class":67},"blue",[49,13020,95],{"class":63},[49,13022,9215],{"class":85},[49,13024,13025,13028,13030,13033,13035,13037],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,13026,13027],{"class":55},"new_colors ",[49,13029,60],{"class":59},[49,13031,13032],{"class":55}," colors",[49,13034,32],{"class":85},[49,13036,12819],{"class":88},[49,13038,8548],{"class":85},[49,13040,13041],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,13042,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,13044,13045,13047,13049,13052],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,13046,110],{"class":109},[49,13048,92],{"class":85},[49,13050,13051],{"class":88},"new_colors",[49,13053,103],{"class":85},[20,13055,13056],{},[666,13057,1974],{},[40,13059,13061],{"className":42,"code":13060,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13062,13063],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13064,13065,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095,13097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13066,9184],{"class":85},[49,13068,1573],{"class":63},[49,13070,820],{"class":67},[49,13072,1573],{"class":63},[49,13074,1197],{"class":85},[49,13076,3202],{"class":63},[49,13078,13001],{"class":67},[49,13080,1573],{"class":63},[49,13082,341],{"class":85},[49,13084,3202],{"class":63},[49,13086,4667],{"class":67},[49,13088,1573],{"class":63},[49,13090,1197],{"class":85},[49,13092,3202],{"class":63},[49,13094,13018],{"class":67},[49,13096,1573],{"class":63},[49,13098,9215],{"class":85},[181,13100,11381],{"id":11380},[20,13102,13103],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[40,13105,13107],{"className":42,"code":13106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13108,13109,13147,13163,13167,13189,13193,13212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13110,13111,13114,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126,13128,13131,13133,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143,13145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13112,13113],{"class":55},"person ",[49,13115,60],{"class":59},[49,13117,10398],{"class":85},[49,13119,95],{"class":63},[49,13121,7575],{"class":67},[49,13123,95],{"class":63},[49,13125,1197],{"class":85},[49,13127,64],{"class":63},[49,13129,13130],{"class":67},"Liam",[49,13132,95],{"class":63},[49,13134,341],{"class":85},[49,13136,64],{"class":63},[49,13138,9205],{"class":67},[49,13140,95],{"class":63},[49,13142,1197],{"class":85},[49,13144,9212],{"class":458},[49,13146,9215],{"class":85},[49,13148,13149,13152,13154,13157,13159,13161],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,13150,13151],{"class":55},"person_copy ",[49,13153,60],{"class":59},[49,13155,13156],{"class":55}," person",[49,13158,32],{"class":85},[49,13160,12819],{"class":88},[49,13162,8548],{"class":85},[49,13164,13165],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,13166,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,13168,13169,13172,13174,13176,13178,13180,13183,13186],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,13170,13171],{"class":55},"person_copy",[49,13173,1256],{"class":85},[49,13175,95],{"class":63},[49,13177,9205],{"class":67},[49,13179,95],{"class":63},[49,13181,13182],{"class":85},"]",[49,13184,13185],{"class":59}," =",[49,13187,13188],{"class":458}," 26\n",[49,13190,13191],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,13192,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,13194,13195,13197,13199,13201,13204,13206,13208,13210],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,13196,110],{"class":109},[49,13198,92],{"class":85},[49,13200,95],{"class":63},[49,13202,13203],{"class":67},"Original:",[49,13205,95],{"class":63},[49,13207,341],{"class":85},[49,13209,13156],{"class":88},[49,13211,103],{"class":85},[49,13213,13214,13216,13218,13220,13223,13225,13227,13230],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,13215,110],{"class":109},[49,13217,92],{"class":85},[49,13219,95],{"class":63},[49,13221,13222],{"class":67},"Copy:",[49,13224,95],{"class":63},[49,13226,341],{"class":85},[49,13228,13229],{"class":88}," person_copy",[49,13231,103],{"class":85},[20,13233,13234],{},[666,13235,1974],{},[40,13237,13239],{"className":42,"code":13238,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13240,13241,13278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13242,13243,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13244,13245],{"class":55},"Original",[49,13247,1197],{"class":85},[49,13249,10398],{"class":85},[49,13251,1573],{"class":63},[49,13253,7575],{"class":67},[49,13255,1573],{"class":63},[49,13257,1197],{"class":85},[49,13259,3202],{"class":63},[49,13261,13130],{"class":67},[49,13263,1573],{"class":63},[49,13265,341],{"class":85},[49,13267,3202],{"class":63},[49,13269,9205],{"class":67},[49,13271,1573],{"class":63},[49,13273,1197],{"class":85},[49,13275,9212],{"class":458},[49,13277,9215],{"class":85},[49,13279,13280,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13311,13314],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,13281,13282],{"class":55},"Copy",[49,13284,1197],{"class":85},[49,13286,10398],{"class":85},[49,13288,1573],{"class":63},[49,13290,7575],{"class":67},[49,13292,1573],{"class":63},[49,13294,1197],{"class":85},[49,13296,3202],{"class":63},[49,13298,13130],{"class":67},[49,13300,1573],{"class":63},[49,13302,341],{"class":85},[49,13304,3202],{"class":63},[49,13306,9205],{"class":67},[49,13308,1573],{"class":63},[49,13310,1197],{"class":85},[49,13312,13313],{"class":458}," 26",[49,13315,9215],{"class":85},[20,13317,13318],{},"What happened here:",[194,13320,13321,13327,13334],{},[197,13322,13323,13326],{},[15,13324,13325],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[197,13328,13329,13330,13333],{},"Changing ",[15,13331,13332],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[197,13335,13336],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13338,13339],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[181,13341,13343],{"id":13342},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13345,13346,12755,13348,32],{},[15,13347,12684],{},[666,13349,12758],{},[20,13351,2011],{},[194,13353,13354,13357,13360],{},[197,13355,13356],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[197,13358,13359],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[197,13361,13362],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13364,214],{},[40,13366,13368],{"className":42,"code":13367,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13369,13370,13378,13396,13419,13423,13427,13441,13445,13470,13474,13492,13511,13526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13371,13372,13374,13376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13373,12771],{"class":55},[49,13375,60],{"class":59},[49,13377,11399],{"class":85},[49,13379,13380,13382,13384,13386,13388,13390,13392,13394],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,13381,11404],{"class":63},[49,13383,7575],{"class":67},[49,13385,95],{"class":63},[49,13387,1197],{"class":85},[49,13389,64],{"class":63},[49,13391,12788],{"class":67},[49,13393,95],{"class":63},[49,13395,11420],{"class":85},[49,13397,13398,13400,13403,13405,13407,13409,13412,13414,13417],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,13399,11404],{"class":63},[49,13401,13402],{"class":67},"grades",[49,13404,95],{"class":63},[49,13406,1197],{"class":85},[49,13408,3530],{"class":85},[49,13410,13411],{"class":458},"90",[49,13413,341],{"class":85},[49,13415,13416],{"class":458}," 85",[49,13418,1244],{"class":85},[49,13420,13421],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,13422,9215],{"class":85},[49,13424,13425],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,13426,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,13428,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,13430,12809],{"class":55},[49,13432,60],{"class":59},[49,13434,12814],{"class":55},[49,13436,32],{"class":85},[49,13438,12819],{"class":88},[49,13440,8548],{"class":85},[49,13442,13443],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,13444,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,13446,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13460,13463,13465,13468],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,13448,12834],{"class":55},[49,13450,1256],{"class":85},[49,13452,95],{"class":63},[49,13454,13402],{"class":67},[49,13456,95],{"class":63},[49,13458,13459],{"class":85},"].",[49,13461,13462],{"class":88},"append",[49,13464,92],{"class":85},[49,13466,13467],{"class":458},"100",[49,13469,103],{"class":85},[49,13471,13472],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,13473,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,13475,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490],{"class":51,"line":6342},[49,13477,110],{"class":109},[49,13479,92],{"class":85},[49,13481,95],{"class":63},[49,13483,13203],{"class":67},[49,13485,95],{"class":63},[49,13487,341],{"class":85},[49,13489,12814],{"class":88},[49,13491,103],{"class":85},[49,13493,13494,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13509],{"class":51,"line":11501},[49,13495,110],{"class":109},[49,13497,92],{"class":85},[49,13499,95],{"class":63},[49,13501,13222],{"class":67},[49,13503,95],{"class":63},[49,13505,341],{"class":85},[49,13507,13508],{"class":88}," student_copy",[49,13510,103],{"class":85},[49,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524],{"class":51,"line":13513},12,[49,13515,110],{"class":109},[49,13517,92],{"class":85},[49,13519,12771],{"class":88},[49,13521,12101],{"class":1210},[49,13523,13508],{"class":88},[49,13525,103],{"class":85},[49,13527,13529,13531,13533,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546,13548,13550,13552,13554,13556,13558],{"class":51,"line":13528},13,[49,13530,110],{"class":109},[49,13532,92],{"class":85},[49,13534,13535],{"class":88},"student",[49,13537,1256],{"class":85},[49,13539,95],{"class":63},[49,13541,13402],{"class":67},[49,13543,95],{"class":63},[49,13545,13182],{"class":85},[49,13547,8005],{"class":1210},[49,13549,13508],{"class":88},[49,13551,1256],{"class":85},[49,13553,95],{"class":63},[49,13555,13402],{"class":67},[49,13557,95],{"class":63},[49,13559,3794],{"class":85},[20,13561,13562],{},[666,13563,1974],{},[40,13565,13567],{"className":42,"code":13566,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13568,13569,13616,13662,13666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13570,13571,13573,13575,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589,13591,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13572,13245],{"class":55},[49,13574,1197],{"class":85},[49,13576,10398],{"class":85},[49,13578,1573],{"class":63},[49,13580,7575],{"class":67},[49,13582,1573],{"class":63},[49,13584,1197],{"class":85},[49,13586,3202],{"class":63},[49,13588,12788],{"class":67},[49,13590,1573],{"class":63},[49,13592,341],{"class":85},[49,13594,3202],{"class":63},[49,13596,13402],{"class":67},[49,13598,1573],{"class":63},[49,13600,1197],{"class":85},[49,13602,3530],{"class":85},[49,13604,13411],{"class":458},[49,13606,341],{"class":85},[49,13608,13416],{"class":458},[49,13610,341],{"class":85},[49,13612,10025],{"class":458},[49,13614,13615],{"class":85},"]}\n",[49,13617,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,13619,13282],{"class":55},[49,13621,1197],{"class":85},[49,13623,10398],{"class":85},[49,13625,1573],{"class":63},[49,13627,7575],{"class":67},[49,13629,1573],{"class":63},[49,13631,1197],{"class":85},[49,13633,3202],{"class":63},[49,13635,12788],{"class":67},[49,13637,1573],{"class":63},[49,13639,341],{"class":85},[49,13641,3202],{"class":63},[49,13643,13402],{"class":67},[49,13645,1573],{"class":63},[49,13647,1197],{"class":85},[49,13649,3530],{"class":85},[49,13651,13411],{"class":458},[49,13653,341],{"class":85},[49,13655,13416],{"class":458},[49,13657,341],{"class":85},[49,13659,10025],{"class":458},[49,13661,13615],{"class":85},[49,13663,13664],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,13665,3946],{"class":3757},[49,13667,13668],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,13669,3885],{"class":3757},[20,13671,13672],{},"Notice the difference:",[194,13674,13675,13683],{},[197,13676,13677,4690,13680,13682],{},[15,13678,13679],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13681,637],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[197,13684,13685,4690,13688,13690],{},[15,13686,13687],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13689,633],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13692,13693],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13695,13696,13697,32],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[820,13698,13700],{"href":13699},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[181,13702,4868,13704],{"id":13703},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13705,12684],{},[20,13707,35,13708,10508],{},[15,13709,12684],{},[194,13711,13712,13715,13718,13721],{},[197,13713,13714],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[197,13716,13717],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[197,13719,13720],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[197,13722,13723],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13725,214],{},[40,13727,13729],{"className":42,"code":13728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13730,13731,13770,13786,13790,13810,13814,13833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13732,13733,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13761,13763,13765,13768],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13734,13735],{"class":55},"settings ",[49,13737,60],{"class":59},[49,13739,10398],{"class":85},[49,13741,95],{"class":63},[49,13743,12402],{"class":67},[49,13745,95],{"class":63},[49,13747,1197],{"class":85},[49,13749,64],{"class":63},[49,13751,12411],{"class":67},[49,13753,95],{"class":63},[49,13755,341],{"class":85},[49,13757,64],{"class":63},[49,13759,13760],{"class":67},"font_size",[49,13762,95],{"class":63},[49,13764,1197],{"class":85},[49,13766,13767],{"class":458}," 14",[49,13769,9215],{"class":85},[49,13771,13772,13775,13777,13780,13782,13784],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,13773,13774],{"class":55},"settings_backup ",[49,13776,60],{"class":59},[49,13778,13779],{"class":55}," settings",[49,13781,32],{"class":85},[49,13783,12819],{"class":88},[49,13785,8548],{"class":85},[49,13787,13788],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,13789,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,13791,13792,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,13793,13794],{"class":55},"settings",[49,13796,1256],{"class":85},[49,13798,95],{"class":63},[49,13800,13760],{"class":67},[49,13802,95],{"class":63},[49,13804,13182],{"class":85},[49,13806,13185],{"class":59},[49,13808,13809],{"class":458}," 16\n",[49,13811,13812],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,13813,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,13815,13816,13818,13820,13822,13825,13827,13829,13831],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,13817,110],{"class":109},[49,13819,92],{"class":85},[49,13821,95],{"class":63},[49,13823,13824],{"class":67},"Current:",[49,13826,95],{"class":63},[49,13828,341],{"class":85},[49,13830,13779],{"class":88},[49,13832,103],{"class":85},[49,13834,13835,13837,13839,13841,13844,13846,13848,13851],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,13836,110],{"class":109},[49,13838,92],{"class":85},[49,13840,95],{"class":63},[49,13842,13843],{"class":67},"Backup:",[49,13845,95],{"class":63},[49,13847,341],{"class":85},[49,13849,13850],{"class":88}," settings_backup",[49,13852,103],{"class":85},[20,13854,13855],{},[666,13856,1974],{},[40,13858,13860],{"className":42,"code":13859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13861,13862,13900],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13863,13864,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875,13877,13879,13881,13883,13885,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13898],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13865,13866],{"class":55},"Current",[49,13868,1197],{"class":85},[49,13870,10398],{"class":85},[49,13872,1573],{"class":63},[49,13874,12402],{"class":67},[49,13876,1573],{"class":63},[49,13878,1197],{"class":85},[49,13880,3202],{"class":63},[49,13882,12411],{"class":67},[49,13884,1573],{"class":63},[49,13886,341],{"class":85},[49,13888,3202],{"class":63},[49,13890,13760],{"class":67},[49,13892,1573],{"class":63},[49,13894,1197],{"class":85},[49,13896,13897],{"class":458}," 16",[49,13899,9215],{"class":85},[49,13901,13902,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,13903,13904],{"class":55},"Backup",[49,13906,1197],{"class":85},[49,13908,10398],{"class":85},[49,13910,1573],{"class":63},[49,13912,12402],{"class":67},[49,13914,1573],{"class":63},[49,13916,1197],{"class":85},[49,13918,3202],{"class":63},[49,13920,12411],{"class":67},[49,13922,1573],{"class":63},[49,13924,341],{"class":85},[49,13926,3202],{"class":63},[49,13928,13760],{"class":67},[49,13930,1573],{"class":63},[49,13932,1197],{"class":85},[49,13934,13767],{"class":458},[49,13936,9215],{"class":85},[20,13938,13939,13940,634,13946,32],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[820,13941,13943],{"href":13942},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13944,13945],{},"dict.update()",[820,13947,13948],{"href":12731},[15,13949,11233],{},[181,13951,13953,13955],{"id":13952},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13954,12684],{}," vs assignment",[20,13957,13958],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13960,644,13961,13963,13964,13966],{},[15,13962,60],{}," does ",[666,13965,4536],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[353,13968,13970],{"id":13969},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[40,13972,13974],{"className":42,"code":13973,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13975,13976,14008,14017,14021,14041,14045,14063,14083],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,13977,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996,13998,14000,14002,14004,14006],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,13979,11993],{"class":55},[49,13981,60],{"class":59},[49,13983,10398],{"class":85},[49,13985,95],{"class":63},[49,13987,283],{"class":67},[49,13989,95],{"class":63},[49,13991,1197],{"class":85},[49,13993,1264],{"class":458},[49,13995,341],{"class":85},[49,13997,64],{"class":63},[49,13999,11652],{"class":67},[49,14001,95],{"class":63},[49,14003,1197],{"class":85},[49,14005,2896],{"class":458},[49,14007,9215],{"class":85},[49,14009,14010,14013,14015],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,14011,14012],{"class":55},"assigned ",[49,14014,60],{"class":59},[49,14016,12031],{"class":55},[49,14018,14019],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,14020,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,14022,14023,14026,14028,14030,14032,14034,14036,14038],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,14024,14025],{"class":55},"assigned",[49,14027,1256],{"class":85},[49,14029,95],{"class":63},[49,14031,283],{"class":67},[49,14033,95],{"class":63},[49,14035,13182],{"class":85},[49,14037,13185],{"class":59},[49,14039,14040],{"class":458}," 99\n",[49,14042,14043],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,14044,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,14046,14047,14049,14051,14053,14055,14057,14059,14061],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,14048,110],{"class":109},[49,14050,92],{"class":85},[49,14052,95],{"class":63},[49,14054,13203],{"class":67},[49,14056,95],{"class":63},[49,14058,341],{"class":85},[49,14060,12068],{"class":88},[49,14062,103],{"class":85},[49,14064,14065,14067,14069,14071,14074,14076,14078,14081],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,14066,110],{"class":109},[49,14068,92],{"class":85},[49,14070,95],{"class":63},[49,14072,14073],{"class":67},"Assigned:",[49,14075,95],{"class":63},[49,14077,341],{"class":85},[49,14079,14080],{"class":88}," assigned",[49,14082,103],{"class":85},[49,14084,14085,14087,14089,14091,14093,14095],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,14086,110],{"class":109},[49,14088,92],{"class":85},[49,14090,11993],{"class":88},[49,14092,12101],{"class":1210},[49,14094,14080],{"class":88},[49,14096,103],{"class":85},[20,14098,14099],{},[666,14100,1974],{},[40,14102,14104],{"className":42,"code":14103,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14105,14106,14138,14171],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14107,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14109,13245],{"class":55},[49,14111,1197],{"class":85},[49,14113,10398],{"class":85},[49,14115,1573],{"class":63},[49,14117,283],{"class":67},[49,14119,1573],{"class":63},[49,14121,1197],{"class":85},[49,14123,10104],{"class":458},[49,14125,341],{"class":85},[49,14127,3202],{"class":63},[49,14129,11652],{"class":67},[49,14131,1573],{"class":63},[49,14133,1197],{"class":85},[49,14135,2896],{"class":458},[49,14137,9215],{"class":85},[49,14139,14140,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,14141,14142],{"class":55},"Assigned",[49,14144,1197],{"class":85},[49,14146,10398],{"class":85},[49,14148,1573],{"class":63},[49,14150,283],{"class":67},[49,14152,1573],{"class":63},[49,14154,1197],{"class":85},[49,14156,10104],{"class":458},[49,14158,341],{"class":85},[49,14160,3202],{"class":63},[49,14162,11652],{"class":67},[49,14164,1573],{"class":63},[49,14166,1197],{"class":85},[49,14168,2896],{"class":458},[49,14170,9215],{"class":85},[49,14172,14173],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,14174,3885],{"class":3757},[353,14176,644,14178],{"id":14177},"using-copy",[15,14179,12684],{},[40,14181,14183],{"className":42,"code":14182,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14184,14185,14217,14232,14236,14255,14259,14277,14297],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14186,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14188,11993],{"class":55},[49,14190,60],{"class":59},[49,14192,10398],{"class":85},[49,14194,95],{"class":63},[49,14196,283],{"class":67},[49,14198,95],{"class":63},[49,14200,1197],{"class":85},[49,14202,1264],{"class":458},[49,14204,341],{"class":85},[49,14206,64],{"class":63},[49,14208,11652],{"class":67},[49,14210,95],{"class":63},[49,14212,1197],{"class":85},[49,14214,2896],{"class":458},[49,14216,9215],{"class":85},[49,14218,14219,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,14220,14221],{"class":55},"copied ",[49,14223,60],{"class":59},[49,14225,12068],{"class":55},[49,14227,32],{"class":85},[49,14229,12819],{"class":88},[49,14231,8548],{"class":85},[49,14233,14234],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,14235,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,14237,14238,14241,14243,14245,14247,14249,14251,14253],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,14239,14240],{"class":55},"copied",[49,14242,1256],{"class":85},[49,14244,95],{"class":63},[49,14246,283],{"class":67},[49,14248,95],{"class":63},[49,14250,13182],{"class":85},[49,14252,13185],{"class":59},[49,14254,14040],{"class":458},[49,14256,14257],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,14258,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,14260,14261,14263,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,14262,110],{"class":109},[49,14264,92],{"class":85},[49,14266,95],{"class":63},[49,14268,13203],{"class":67},[49,14270,95],{"class":63},[49,14272,341],{"class":85},[49,14274,12068],{"class":88},[49,14276,103],{"class":85},[49,14278,14279,14281,14283,14285,14288,14290,14292,14295],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,14280,110],{"class":109},[49,14282,92],{"class":85},[49,14284,95],{"class":63},[49,14286,14287],{"class":67},"Copied:",[49,14289,95],{"class":63},[49,14291,341],{"class":85},[49,14293,14294],{"class":88}," copied",[49,14296,103],{"class":85},[49,14298,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,14300,110],{"class":109},[49,14302,92],{"class":85},[49,14304,11993],{"class":88},[49,14306,12101],{"class":1210},[49,14308,14294],{"class":88},[49,14310,103],{"class":85},[20,14312,14313],{},[666,14314,1974],{},[40,14316,14318],{"className":42,"code":14317,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14319,14320,14352,14385],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14321,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14323,13245],{"class":55},[49,14325,1197],{"class":85},[49,14327,10398],{"class":85},[49,14329,1573],{"class":63},[49,14331,283],{"class":67},[49,14333,1573],{"class":63},[49,14335,1197],{"class":85},[49,14337,1264],{"class":458},[49,14339,341],{"class":85},[49,14341,3202],{"class":63},[49,14343,11652],{"class":67},[49,14345,1573],{"class":63},[49,14347,1197],{"class":85},[49,14349,2896],{"class":458},[49,14351,9215],{"class":85},[49,14353,14354,14357,14359,14361,14363,14365,14367,14369,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,14355,14356],{"class":55},"Copied",[49,14358,1197],{"class":85},[49,14360,10398],{"class":85},[49,14362,1573],{"class":63},[49,14364,283],{"class":67},[49,14366,1573],{"class":63},[49,14368,1197],{"class":85},[49,14370,10104],{"class":458},[49,14372,341],{"class":85},[49,14374,3202],{"class":63},[49,14376,11652],{"class":67},[49,14378,1573],{"class":63},[49,14380,1197],{"class":85},[49,14382,2896],{"class":458},[49,14384,9215],{"class":85},[49,14386,14387],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,14388,3946],{"class":3757},[20,14390,14391],{},"Summary:",[194,14393,14394,14400],{},[197,14395,14396,14399],{},[15,14397,14398],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[197,14401,14402,14405],{},[15,14403,14404],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[181,14407,14409],{"id":14408},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14411,14412,1197],{},[15,14413,12684],{},[194,14415,14416,14419,14422,14425],{},[197,14417,14418],{},"Returns a dictionary",[197,14420,14421],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[197,14423,14424],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[197,14426,14427],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14429,214],{},[40,14431,14433],{"className":42,"code":14432,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14434,14435,14467,14483,14487,14505,14525,14529,14547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14436,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14465],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14438,9071],{"class":55},[49,14440,60],{"class":59},[49,14442,10398],{"class":85},[49,14444,95],{"class":63},[49,14446,820],{"class":67},[49,14448,95],{"class":63},[49,14450,1197],{"class":85},[49,14452,1264],{"class":458},[49,14454,341],{"class":85},[49,14456,64],{"class":63},[49,14458,4667],{"class":67},[49,14460,95],{"class":63},[49,14462,1197],{"class":85},[49,14464,2896],{"class":458},[49,14466,9215],{"class":85},[49,14468,14469,14472,14474,14477,14479,14481],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,14470,14471],{"class":55},"data_copy ",[49,14473,60],{"class":59},[49,14475,14476],{"class":55}," data",[49,14478,32],{"class":85},[49,14480,12819],{"class":88},[49,14482,8548],{"class":85},[49,14484,14485],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,14486,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,14488,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,14490,9110],{"class":55},[49,14492,1256],{"class":85},[49,14494,95],{"class":63},[49,14496,820],{"class":67},[49,14498,95],{"class":63},[49,14500,13182],{"class":85},[49,14502,13185],{"class":59},[49,14504,2490],{"class":458},[49,14506,14507,14510,14512,14514,14516,14518,14520,14522],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,14508,14509],{"class":55},"data_copy",[49,14511,1256],{"class":85},[49,14513,95],{"class":63},[49,14515,4667],{"class":67},[49,14517,95],{"class":63},[49,14519,13182],{"class":85},[49,14521,13185],{"class":59},[49,14523,14524],{"class":458}," 20\n",[49,14526,14527],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,14528,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,14530,14531,14533,14535,14537,14539,14541,14543,14545],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,14532,110],{"class":109},[49,14534,92],{"class":85},[49,14536,95],{"class":63},[49,14538,13203],{"class":67},[49,14540,95],{"class":63},[49,14542,341],{"class":85},[49,14544,14476],{"class":88},[49,14546,103],{"class":85},[49,14548,14549,14551,14553,14555,14557,14559,14561,14564],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,14550,110],{"class":109},[49,14552,92],{"class":85},[49,14554,95],{"class":63},[49,14556,13222],{"class":67},[49,14558,95],{"class":63},[49,14560,341],{"class":85},[49,14562,14563],{"class":88}," data_copy",[49,14565,103],{"class":85},[20,14567,14568],{},[666,14569,1974],{},[40,14571,14573],{"className":42,"code":14572,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14574,14575,14607],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14576,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14578,13245],{"class":55},[49,14580,1197],{"class":85},[49,14582,10398],{"class":85},[49,14584,1573],{"class":63},[49,14586,820],{"class":67},[49,14588,1573],{"class":63},[49,14590,1197],{"class":85},[49,14592,5911],{"class":458},[49,14594,341],{"class":85},[49,14596,3202],{"class":63},[49,14598,4667],{"class":67},[49,14600,1573],{"class":63},[49,14602,1197],{"class":85},[49,14604,2896],{"class":458},[49,14606,9215],{"class":85},[49,14608,14609,14611,14613,14615,14617,14619,14621,14623,14625,14627,14629,14631,14633,14635,14637],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,14610,13282],{"class":55},[49,14612,1197],{"class":85},[49,14614,10398],{"class":85},[49,14616,1573],{"class":63},[49,14618,820],{"class":67},[49,14620,1573],{"class":63},[49,14622,1197],{"class":85},[49,14624,1264],{"class":458},[49,14626,341],{"class":85},[49,14628,3202],{"class":63},[49,14630,4667],{"class":67},[49,14632,1573],{"class":63},[49,14634,1197],{"class":85},[49,14636,7698],{"class":458},[49,14638,9215],{"class":85},[181,14640,1308],{"id":1307},[20,14642,14643,14644,1197],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14645,12342],{},[194,14647,14648,14655,14660,14665],{},[197,14649,644,14650,10999,14652,14654],{},[15,14651,60],{},[15,14653,12684],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[197,14656,1347,14657,14659],{},[15,14658,12684],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[197,14661,14662,14663],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14664,12684],{},[197,14666,14667],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14669,14670],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[40,14672,14674],{"className":42,"code":14673,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14675,14676,14686,14696,14710,14733,14756],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14677,14678,14680,14682,14684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14679,110],{"class":109},[49,14681,92],{"class":85},[49,14683,12040],{"class":88},[49,14685,103],{"class":85},[49,14687,14688,14690,14692,14694],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,14689,110],{"class":109},[49,14691,92],{"class":85},[49,14693,14240],{"class":88},[49,14695,103],{"class":85},[49,14697,14698,14700,14702,14704,14706,14708],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,14699,110],{"class":109},[49,14701,92],{"class":85},[49,14703,11993],{"class":88},[49,14705,12101],{"class":1210},[49,14707,14294],{"class":88},[49,14709,103],{"class":85},[49,14711,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14727,14729,14731],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,14713,110],{"class":109},[49,14715,92],{"class":85},[49,14717,12557],{"class":109},[49,14719,92],{"class":85},[49,14721,12040],{"class":88},[49,14723,9139],{"class":85},[49,14725,14726],{"class":109}," id",[49,14728,92],{"class":85},[49,14730,14240],{"class":88},[49,14732,1581],{"class":85},[49,14734,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14752,14754],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,14736,110],{"class":109},[49,14738,92],{"class":85},[49,14740,12557],{"class":109},[49,14742,92],{"class":85},[49,14744,12040],{"class":88},[49,14746,1256],{"class":85},[49,14748,95],{"class":63},[49,14750,14751],{"class":67},"key",[49,14753,95],{"class":63},[49,14755,2903],{"class":85},[49,14757,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,14759,110],{"class":109},[49,14761,92],{"class":85},[49,14763,12557],{"class":109},[49,14765,92],{"class":85},[49,14767,14240],{"class":88},[49,14769,1256],{"class":85},[49,14771,95],{"class":63},[49,14773,14751],{"class":67},[49,14775,95],{"class":63},[49,14777,2903],{"class":85},[20,14779,14780],{},"What these help you check:",[194,14782,14783,14786,14789],{},[197,14784,14785],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[197,14787,14788],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[197,14790,14791],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14793,14794,14795,32],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[820,14796,14798],{"href":14797},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[181,14800,1704],{"id":1703},[353,14802,1720,14804,14806],{"id":14803},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14805,12342],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14808,14809],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[353,14811,14813,14814,14816],{"id":14812},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14815,12342],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14818,14819],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[353,14821,1740,14823,380,14825,2394],{"id":14822},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14824,12684],{},[15,14826,60],{},[20,14828,14829,14831,14832,14834],{},[15,14830,12684],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14833,60],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[353,14836,14838],{"id":14837},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14840,14841],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[181,14843,1775],{"id":1774},[194,14845,14846,14850,14854,14858,14865,14871],{},[197,14847,14848],{},[820,14849,11149],{"href":12934},[197,14851,14852],{},[820,14853,9061],{"href":12931},[197,14855,14856],{},[820,14857,13700],{"href":13699},[197,14859,14860],{},[820,14861,10644,14862,1785],{"href":13942},[15,14863,14864],{},"update()",[197,14866,14867],{},[820,14868,10644,14869,1785],{"href":12731},[15,14870,11228],{},[197,14872,14873],{},[820,14874,14875],{"href":14797},"How to copy a list in Python",[1834,14877,14878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":14880},[14881,14882,14884,14885,14886,14887,14889,14895,14896,14897,14906],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":12903,"depth":74,"text":14883},"What the copy() method does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":13342,"depth":74,"text":13343},{"id":13703,"depth":74,"text":14888},"When to use copy()",{"id":13952,"depth":74,"text":14890,"children":14891},"copy() vs assignment",[14892,14893],{"id":13969,"depth":106,"text":13970},{"id":14177,"depth":106,"text":14894},"Using copy()",{"id":14408,"depth":74,"text":14409},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":14898},[14899,14901,14903,14905],{"id":14803,"depth":106,"text":14900},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14812,"depth":106,"text":14902},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14822,"depth":106,"text":14904},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14837,"depth":106,"text":14838},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12737,"description":14907},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14914,"title":14915,"body":14916,"description":17114,"extension":1866,"meta":17115,"navigation":128,"path":12934,"seo":17116,"stem":17117,"__hash__":17118},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14917,"toc":17076},[14918,14921,14927,14936,14938,15014,15018,15067,15070,15074,15088,15091,15095,15108,15111,15144,15158,15161,15173,15177,15180,15188,15268,15272,15325,15329,15347,15349,15431,15434,15436,15439,15442,15465,15489,15493,15501,15504,15508,15517,15522,15580,15584,15617,15623,15629,15632,15687,15691,15741,15744,15750,15753,15761,15763,15808,15813,15822,15825,15828,15875,15877,15882,15885,15979,15983,16036,16039,16095,16098,16102,16105,16119,16123,16189,16193,16218,16221,16225,16303,16307,16310,16313,16333,16336,16389,16393,16396,16399,16412,16414,16503,16510,16513,16524,16526,16529,16549,16553,16556,16565,16568,16607,16611,16613,16622,16631,16633,16671,16675,16722,16726,16747,16751,16754,16866,16871,16969,16990,16992,16996,17003,17007,17013,17017,17020,17024,17027,17034,17042,17044,17070,17073],[10,14919,14915],{"id":14920},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14922,14923,14924,14926],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[666,14925,9037],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14928,14929,14930,634,14932,32],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[820,14931,9061],{"href":9060},[820,14933,14935],{"href":14934},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[181,14937,1907],{"id":1906},[40,14939,14941],{"className":42,"code":14940,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14942,14943,14951,14969,14983,14996,15000,15004],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,14944,14945,14947,14949],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,14946,12771],{"class":55},[49,14948,60],{"class":59},[49,14950,11399],{"class":85},[49,14952,14953,14955,14957,14959,14961,14963,14965,14967],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,14954,11404],{"class":63},[49,14956,7575],{"class":67},[49,14958,95],{"class":63},[49,14960,1197],{"class":85},[49,14962,64],{"class":63},[49,14964,12788],{"class":67},[49,14966,95],{"class":63},[49,14968,11420],{"class":85},[49,14970,14971,14973,14975,14977,14979,14981],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,14972,11404],{"class":63},[49,14974,9205],{"class":67},[49,14976,95],{"class":63},[49,14978,1197],{"class":85},[49,14980,7698],{"class":458},[49,14982,11420],{"class":85},[49,14984,14985,14987,14990,14992,14994],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,14986,11404],{"class":63},[49,14988,14989],{"class":67},"is_active",[49,14991,95],{"class":63},[49,14993,1197],{"class":85},[49,14995,6329],{"class":3757},[49,14997,14998],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,14999,9215],{"class":85},[49,15001,15002],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,15003,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,15005,15006,15008,15010,15012],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,15007,110],{"class":109},[49,15009,92],{"class":85},[49,15011,13535],{"class":88},[49,15013,103],{"class":85},[20,15015,15016],{},[666,15017,1974],{},[40,15019,15021],{"className":42,"code":15020,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15022,15023],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15024,15025,15027,15029,15031,15033,15035,15037,15039,15041,15043,15045,15047,15049,15051,15053,15055,15057,15059,15061,15063,15065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15026,9184],{"class":85},[49,15028,1573],{"class":63},[49,15030,7575],{"class":67},[49,15032,1573],{"class":63},[49,15034,1197],{"class":85},[49,15036,3202],{"class":63},[49,15038,12788],{"class":67},[49,15040,1573],{"class":63},[49,15042,341],{"class":85},[49,15044,3202],{"class":63},[49,15046,9205],{"class":67},[49,15048,1573],{"class":63},[49,15050,1197],{"class":85},[49,15052,7698],{"class":458},[49,15054,341],{"class":85},[49,15056,3202],{"class":63},[49,15058,14989],{"class":67},[49,15060,1573],{"class":63},[49,15062,1197],{"class":85},[49,15064,3821],{"class":3757},[49,15066,9215],{"class":85},[20,15068,15069],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[181,15071,15073],{"id":15072},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[194,15075,15076,15079,15082,15085],{},[197,15077,15078],{},"What a dictionary is",[197,15080,15081],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[197,15083,15084],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[197,15086,15087],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[181,15089,15078],{"id":15090},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15092,9034,15093,32],{},[666,15094,9037],{},[194,15096,15097,15103],{},[197,15098,15099,15100,15102],{},"A ",[666,15101,14751],{}," is the label",[197,15104,15099,15105,15107],{},[666,15106,338],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15109,15110],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[40,15112,15114],{"className":42,"code":15113,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15115,15116,15124,15140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15117,15118,15120,15122],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15119,12771],{"class":55},[49,15121,60],{"class":59},[49,15123,11399],{"class":85},[49,15125,15126,15128,15130,15132,15134,15136,15138],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15127,11404],{"class":63},[49,15129,7575],{"class":67},[49,15131,95],{"class":63},[49,15133,1197],{"class":85},[49,15135,64],{"class":63},[49,15137,12788],{"class":67},[49,15139,71],{"class":63},[49,15141,15142],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,15143,9215],{"class":85},[194,15145,15146,15152],{},[197,15147,15148,15151],{},[15,15149,15150],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[197,15153,15154,15157],{},[15,15155,15156],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15159,15160],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[194,15162,15163,15165,15167,15170],{},[197,15164,7575],{},[197,15166,9205],{},[197,15168,15169],{},"email",[197,15171,15172],{},"country",[181,15174,15176],{"id":15175},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15178,15179],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15181,35,15182,15184,15185,32],{},[15,15183,3698],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15186,15187],{},"key: value",[40,15189,15191],{"className":42,"code":15190,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15192,15193,15201,15219,15233,15250,15254,15258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15194,15195,15197,15199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15196,12771],{"class":55},[49,15198,60],{"class":59},[49,15200,11399],{"class":85},[49,15202,15203,15205,15207,15209,15211,15213,15215,15217],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15204,11404],{"class":63},[49,15206,7575],{"class":67},[49,15208,95],{"class":63},[49,15210,1197],{"class":85},[49,15212,64],{"class":63},[49,15214,12788],{"class":67},[49,15216,95],{"class":63},[49,15218,11420],{"class":85},[49,15220,15221,15223,15225,15227,15229,15231],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,15222,11404],{"class":63},[49,15224,9205],{"class":67},[49,15226,95],{"class":63},[49,15228,1197],{"class":85},[49,15230,7698],{"class":458},[49,15232,11420],{"class":85},[49,15234,15235,15237,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,15236,11404],{"class":63},[49,15238,15239],{"class":67},"course",[49,15241,95],{"class":63},[49,15243,1197],{"class":85},[49,15245,64],{"class":63},[49,15247,7203],{"class":67},[49,15249,71],{"class":63},[49,15251,15252],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,15253,9215],{"class":85},[49,15255,15256],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,15257,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,15259,15260,15262,15264,15266],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,15261,110],{"class":109},[49,15263,92],{"class":85},[49,15265,13535],{"class":88},[49,15267,103],{"class":85},[20,15269,15270],{},[666,15271,1974],{},[40,15273,15275],{"className":42,"code":15274,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15276,15277],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15278,15279,15281,15283,15285,15287,15289,15291,15293,15295,15297,15299,15301,15303,15305,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319,15321,15323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15280,9184],{"class":85},[49,15282,1573],{"class":63},[49,15284,7575],{"class":67},[49,15286,1573],{"class":63},[49,15288,1197],{"class":85},[49,15290,3202],{"class":63},[49,15292,12788],{"class":67},[49,15294,1573],{"class":63},[49,15296,341],{"class":85},[49,15298,3202],{"class":63},[49,15300,9205],{"class":67},[49,15302,1573],{"class":63},[49,15304,1197],{"class":85},[49,15306,7698],{"class":458},[49,15308,341],{"class":85},[49,15310,3202],{"class":63},[49,15312,15239],{"class":67},[49,15314,1573],{"class":63},[49,15316,1197],{"class":85},[49,15318,3202],{"class":63},[49,15320,7203],{"class":67},[49,15322,1573],{"class":63},[49,15324,9215],{"class":85},[353,15326,15328],{"id":15327},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[194,15330,15331,15336,15341,15344],{},[197,15332,35,15333,15335],{},[15,15334,3698],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[197,15337,15338,15339],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15340,15187],{},[197,15342,15343],{},"Separate items with commas",[197,15345,15346],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15348,214],{},[40,15350,15352],{"className":42,"code":15351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15353,15354,15363,15383,15399,15412,15416,15420],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15355,15356,15359,15361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15357,15358],{"class":55},"book ",[49,15360,60],{"class":59},[49,15362,11399],{"class":85},[49,15364,15365,15367,15370,15372,15374,15376,15379,15381],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15366,11404],{"class":63},[49,15368,15369],{"class":67},"title",[49,15371,95],{"class":63},[49,15373,1197],{"class":85},[49,15375,64],{"class":63},[49,15377,15378],{"class":67},"Python Basics",[49,15380,95],{"class":63},[49,15382,11420],{"class":85},[49,15384,15385,15387,15390,15392,15394,15397],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,15386,11404],{"class":63},[49,15388,15389],{"class":67},"pages",[49,15391,95],{"class":63},[49,15393,1197],{"class":85},[49,15395,15396],{"class":458}," 150",[49,15398,11420],{"class":85},[49,15400,15401,15403,15406,15408,15410],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,15402,11404],{"class":63},[49,15404,15405],{"class":67},"available",[49,15407,95],{"class":63},[49,15409,1197],{"class":85},[49,15411,6329],{"class":3757},[49,15413,15414],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,15415,9215],{"class":85},[49,15417,15418],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,15419,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,15421,15422,15424,15426,15429],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,15423,110],{"class":109},[49,15425,92],{"class":85},[49,15427,15428],{"class":88},"book",[49,15430,103],{"class":85},[20,15432,15433],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[181,15435,9309],{"id":9308},[20,15437,15438],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15440,15441],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[40,15443,15445],{"className":42,"code":15444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15446,15447,15455],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15448,15449,15451,15453],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15450,9071],{"class":55},[49,15452,60],{"class":59},[49,15454,9745],{"class":85},[49,15456,15457,15459,15461,15463],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15458,110],{"class":109},[49,15460,92],{"class":85},[49,15462,9110],{"class":88},[49,15464,103],{"class":85},[40,15466,15467],{"className":42,"code":9312,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,15468,15469,15479],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15470,15471,15473,15475,15477],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15472,9071],{"class":55},[49,15474,60],{"class":59},[49,15476,9076],{"class":2804},[49,15478,8548],{"class":85},[49,15480,15481,15483,15485,15487],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15482,110],{"class":109},[49,15484,92],{"class":85},[49,15486,9110],{"class":88},[49,15488,103],{"class":85},[20,15490,15491],{},[666,15492,1974],{},[40,15494,15495],{"className":42,"code":9341,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,15496,15497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15498,15499],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15500,9341],{"class":85},[20,15502,15503],{},"Both are correct.",[353,15505,15507],{"id":15506},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15509,15510,15512,15513,15516],{},[15,15511,3698],{}," creates an empty ",[666,15514,15515],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15518,15519,15520,32],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15521,3703],{},[40,15523,15525],{"className":42,"code":15524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15526,15527,15535,15547,15551,15565],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15528,15529,15531,15533],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15530,11631],{"class":55},[49,15532,60],{"class":59},[49,15534,9745],{"class":85},[49,15536,15537,15540,15542,15545],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15538,15539],{"class":55},"my_set ",[49,15541,60],{"class":59},[49,15543,15544],{"class":2804}," set",[49,15546,8548],{"class":85},[49,15548,15549],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,15550,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,15552,15553,15555,15557,15559,15561,15563],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,15554,110],{"class":109},[49,15556,92],{"class":85},[49,15558,3127],{"class":2804},[49,15560,92],{"class":85},[49,15562,11355],{"class":88},[49,15564,1581],{"class":85},[49,15566,15567,15569,15571,15573,15575,15578],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,15568,110],{"class":109},[49,15570,92],{"class":85},[49,15572,3127],{"class":2804},[49,15574,92],{"class":85},[49,15576,15577],{"class":88},"my_set",[49,15579,1581],{"class":85},[20,15581,15582],{},[666,15583,1974],{},[40,15585,15587],{"className":42,"code":15586,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15588,15589,15603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15590,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15592,3196],{"class":59},[49,15594,3199],{"class":1968},[49,15596,3202],{"class":63},[49,15598,8726],{"class":67},[49,15600,1573],{"class":63},[49,15602,3209],{"class":59},[49,15604,15605,15607,15609,15611,15613,15615],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15606,3196],{"class":59},[49,15608,3199],{"class":1968},[49,15610,3202],{"class":63},[49,15612,6194],{"class":67},[49,15614,1573],{"class":63},[49,15616,3209],{"class":59},[181,15618,15620,15621],{"id":15619},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15622,9025],{},[20,15624,15625,15626,15628],{},"You can also use ",[15,15627,9025],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15630,15631],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[40,15633,15635],{"className":42,"code":15634,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15636,15637,15677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15638,15639,15641,15643,15645,15647,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663,15666,15668,15671,15673,15675],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15640,12771],{"class":55},[49,15642,60],{"class":59},[49,15644,9076],{"class":2804},[49,15646,92],{"class":85},[49,15648,7575],{"class":9081},[49,15650,60],{"class":59},[49,15652,95],{"class":63},[49,15654,12788],{"class":67},[49,15656,95],{"class":63},[49,15658,341],{"class":85},[49,15660,9094],{"class":9081},[49,15662,60],{"class":59},[49,15664,15665],{"class":458},"20",[49,15667,341],{"class":85},[49,15669,15670],{"class":9081}," active",[49,15672,60],{"class":59},[49,15674,633],{"class":3757},[49,15676,103],{"class":85},[49,15678,15679,15681,15683,15685],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15680,110],{"class":109},[49,15682,92],{"class":85},[49,15684,13535],{"class":88},[49,15686,103],{"class":85},[20,15688,15689],{},[666,15690,1974],{},[40,15692,15694],{"className":42,"code":15693,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15695,15696],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15697,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716,15718,15720,15722,15724,15726,15728,15730,15733,15735,15737,15739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15699,9184],{"class":85},[49,15701,1573],{"class":63},[49,15703,7575],{"class":67},[49,15705,1573],{"class":63},[49,15707,1197],{"class":85},[49,15709,3202],{"class":63},[49,15711,12788],{"class":67},[49,15713,1573],{"class":63},[49,15715,341],{"class":85},[49,15717,3202],{"class":63},[49,15719,9205],{"class":67},[49,15721,1573],{"class":63},[49,15723,1197],{"class":85},[49,15725,7698],{"class":458},[49,15727,341],{"class":85},[49,15729,3202],{"class":63},[49,15731,15732],{"class":67},"active",[49,15734,1573],{"class":63},[49,15736,1197],{"class":85},[49,15738,3821],{"class":3757},[49,15740,9215],{"class":85},[20,15742,15743],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[353,15745,15747,15748],{"id":15746},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15749,9025],{},[20,15751,15752],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[194,15754,15755,15758],{},[197,15756,15757],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[197,15759,15760],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15762,6594],{},[40,15764,15766],{"className":42,"code":15765,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15767,15768,15798],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15769,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15771,11394],{"class":55},[49,15773,60],{"class":59},[49,15775,9076],{"class":2804},[49,15777,92],{"class":85},[49,15779,7575],{"class":9081},[49,15781,60],{"class":59},[49,15783,95],{"class":63},[49,15785,7584],{"class":67},[49,15787,95],{"class":63},[49,15789,341],{"class":85},[49,15791,9094],{"class":9081},[49,15793,60],{"class":59},[49,15795,9099],{"class":458},[49,15797,103],{"class":85},[49,15799,15800,15802,15804,15806],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15801,110],{"class":109},[49,15803,92],{"class":85},[49,15805,11488],{"class":88},[49,15807,103],{"class":85},[20,15809,4533,15810,15812],{},[666,15811,4536],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[40,15814,15816],{"className":42,"code":15815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15817,15818],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15819,15820],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15821,15815],{"class":121},[20,15823,15824],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15826,15827],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[40,15829,15831],{"className":42,"code":15830,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15832,15833,15841,15857,15861,15865],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15834,15835,15837,15839],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15836,11394],{"class":55},[49,15838,60],{"class":59},[49,15840,11399],{"class":85},[49,15842,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853,15855],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15844,11404],{"class":63},[49,15846,10403],{"class":67},[49,15848,95],{"class":63},[49,15850,1197],{"class":85},[49,15852,64],{"class":63},[49,15854,7584],{"class":67},[49,15856,71],{"class":63},[49,15858,15859],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,15860,9215],{"class":85},[49,15862,15863],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,15864,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,15866,15867,15869,15871,15873],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,15868,110],{"class":109},[49,15870,92],{"class":85},[49,15872,11488],{"class":88},[49,15874,103],{"class":85},[181,15876,9351],{"id":9350},[20,15878,15879,15881],{},[15,15880,9025],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15883,15884],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[40,15886,15888],{"className":42,"code":15887,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15889,15890,15947,15951,15965,15969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15891,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15904,15906,15908,15910,15912,15914,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924,15926,15928,15930,15932,15934,15936,15938,15940,15943,15945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15893,9121],{"class":55},[49,15895,60],{"class":59},[49,15897,9126],{"class":85},[49,15899,95],{"class":63},[49,15901,7575],{"class":67},[49,15903,95],{"class":63},[49,15905,341],{"class":85},[49,15907,64],{"class":63},[49,15909,12788],{"class":67},[49,15911,95],{"class":63},[49,15913,9139],{"class":85},[49,15915,9142],{"class":85},[49,15917,95],{"class":63},[49,15919,9205],{"class":67},[49,15921,95],{"class":63},[49,15923,341],{"class":85},[49,15925,7698],{"class":458},[49,15927,9139],{"class":85},[49,15929,9142],{"class":85},[49,15931,95],{"class":63},[49,15933,10316],{"class":67},[49,15935,95],{"class":63},[49,15937,341],{"class":85},[49,15939,64],{"class":63},[49,15941,15942],{"class":67},"Lima",[49,15944,95],{"class":63},[49,15946,9155],{"class":85},[49,15948,15949],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,15950,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,15952,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15963],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,15954,12771],{"class":55},[49,15956,60],{"class":59},[49,15958,9076],{"class":2804},[49,15960,92],{"class":85},[49,15962,9168],{"class":88},[49,15964,103],{"class":85},[49,15966,15967],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,15968,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,15970,15971,15973,15975,15977],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,15972,110],{"class":109},[49,15974,92],{"class":85},[49,15976,13535],{"class":88},[49,15978,103],{"class":85},[20,15980,15981],{},[666,15982,1974],{},[40,15984,15986],{"className":42,"code":15985,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15987,15988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,15989,15990,15992,15994,15996,15998,16000,16002,16004,16006,16008,16010,16012,16014,16016,16018,16020,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,15991,9184],{"class":85},[49,15993,1573],{"class":63},[49,15995,7575],{"class":67},[49,15997,1573],{"class":63},[49,15999,1197],{"class":85},[49,16001,3202],{"class":63},[49,16003,12788],{"class":67},[49,16005,1573],{"class":63},[49,16007,341],{"class":85},[49,16009,3202],{"class":63},[49,16011,9205],{"class":67},[49,16013,1573],{"class":63},[49,16015,1197],{"class":85},[49,16017,7698],{"class":458},[49,16019,341],{"class":85},[49,16021,3202],{"class":63},[49,16023,10316],{"class":67},[49,16025,1573],{"class":63},[49,16027,1197],{"class":85},[49,16029,3202],{"class":63},[49,16031,15942],{"class":67},[49,16033,1573],{"class":63},[49,16035,9215],{"class":85},[20,16037,16038],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[40,16040,16042],{"className":42,"code":16041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16043,16044,16085],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16045,16046,16048,16050,16052,16055,16057,16059,16061,16063,16065,16067,16069,16071,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16047,12771],{"class":55},[49,16049,60],{"class":59},[49,16051,9076],{"class":2804},[49,16053,16054],{"class":85},"(((",[49,16056,95],{"class":63},[49,16058,7575],{"class":67},[49,16060,95],{"class":63},[49,16062,341],{"class":85},[49,16064,64],{"class":63},[49,16066,12788],{"class":67},[49,16068,95],{"class":63},[49,16070,9139],{"class":85},[49,16072,9142],{"class":85},[49,16074,95],{"class":63},[49,16076,9205],{"class":67},[49,16078,95],{"class":63},[49,16080,341],{"class":85},[49,16082,7698],{"class":458},[49,16084,2815],{"class":85},[49,16086,16087,16089,16091,16093],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16088,110],{"class":109},[49,16090,92],{"class":85},[49,16092,13535],{"class":88},[49,16094,103],{"class":85},[20,16096,16097],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[181,16099,16101],{"id":16100},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16103,16104],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[194,16106,16107,16110,16113,16116],{},[197,16108,16109],{},"Keys must be unique",[197,16111,16112],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[197,16114,16115],{},"Values can repeat",[197,16117,16118],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[353,16120,16122],{"id":16121},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[40,16124,16126],{"className":42,"code":16125,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16127,16128,16136,16154,16171,16175,16179],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16129,16130,16132,16134],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16131,9071],{"class":55},[49,16133,60],{"class":59},[49,16135,11399],{"class":85},[49,16137,16138,16140,16142,16144,16146,16148,16150,16152],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16139,11404],{"class":63},[49,16141,7575],{"class":67},[49,16143,95],{"class":63},[49,16145,1197],{"class":85},[49,16147,64],{"class":63},[49,16149,12788],{"class":67},[49,16151,95],{"class":63},[49,16153,11420],{"class":85},[49,16155,16156,16158,16160,16162,16164,16166,16169],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,16157,11404],{"class":63},[49,16159,7575],{"class":67},[49,16161,95],{"class":63},[49,16163,1197],{"class":85},[49,16165,64],{"class":63},[49,16167,16168],{"class":67},"Maria",[49,16170,71],{"class":63},[49,16172,16173],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,16174,9215],{"class":85},[49,16176,16177],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,16178,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,16180,16181,16183,16185,16187],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,16182,110],{"class":109},[49,16184,92],{"class":85},[49,16186,9110],{"class":88},[49,16188,103],{"class":85},[20,16190,16191],{},[666,16192,1974],{},[40,16194,16196],{"className":42,"code":16195,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16197,16198],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16199,16200,16202,16204,16206,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16201,9184],{"class":85},[49,16203,1573],{"class":63},[49,16205,7575],{"class":67},[49,16207,1573],{"class":63},[49,16209,1197],{"class":85},[49,16211,3202],{"class":63},[49,16213,16168],{"class":67},[49,16215,1573],{"class":63},[49,16217,9215],{"class":85},[20,16219,16220],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[353,16222,16224],{"id":16223},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[40,16226,16228],{"className":42,"code":16227,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16229,16230,16238,16254,16270,16284,16288,16292],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16231,16232,16234,16236],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16233,4971],{"class":55},[49,16235,60],{"class":59},[49,16237,11399],{"class":85},[49,16239,16240,16243,16245,16247,16250,16252],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16241,16242],{"class":458},"    1",[49,16244,1197],{"class":85},[49,16246,64],{"class":63},[49,16248,16249],{"class":67},"low",[49,16251,95],{"class":63},[49,16253,11420],{"class":85},[49,16255,16256,16259,16261,16263,16266,16268],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,16257,16258],{"class":458},"    2",[49,16260,1197],{"class":85},[49,16262,64],{"class":63},[49,16264,16265],{"class":67},"medium",[49,16267,95],{"class":63},[49,16269,11420],{"class":85},[49,16271,16272,16275,16277,16279,16282],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,16273,16274],{"class":458},"    3",[49,16276,1197],{"class":85},[49,16278,64],{"class":63},[49,16280,16281],{"class":67},"high",[49,16283,71],{"class":63},[49,16285,16286],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,16287,9215],{"class":85},[49,16289,16290],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,16291,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,16293,16294,16296,16298,16301],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,16295,110],{"class":109},[49,16297,92],{"class":85},[49,16299,16300],{"class":88},"scores",[49,16302,103],{"class":85},[353,16304,16306],{"id":16305},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16308,16309],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16311,16312],{},"This will cause an error:",[40,16314,16316],{"className":42,"code":16315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16317,16318,16323,16328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16319,16320],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16321,16322],{"class":121},"# bad = {\n",[49,16324,16325],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16326,16327],{"class":121},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[49,16329,16330],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,16331,16332],{"class":121},"# }\n",[20,16334,16335],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[40,16337,16339],{"className":42,"code":16338,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16340,16341,16350,16370,16374,16378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16342,16343,16346,16348],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16344,16345],{"class":55},"good ",[49,16347,60],{"class":59},[49,16349,11399],{"class":85},[49,16351,16352,16355,16357,16359,16361,16364,16366,16368],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16353,16354],{"class":85},"    (",[49,16356,1223],{"class":458},[49,16358,341],{"class":85},[49,16360,2896],{"class":458},[49,16362,16363],{"class":85},"):",[49,16365,64],{"class":63},[49,16367,3556],{"class":67},[49,16369,71],{"class":63},[49,16371,16372],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,16373,9215],{"class":85},[49,16375,16376],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,16377,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,16379,16380,16382,16384,16387],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,16381,110],{"class":109},[49,16383,92],{"class":85},[49,16385,16386],{"class":88},"good",[49,16388,103],{"class":85},[181,16390,16392],{"id":16391},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16394,16395],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16397,16398],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[194,16400,16401,16404,16406,16409],{},[197,16402,16403],{},"user data",[197,16405,13794],{},[197,16407,16408],{},"counters",[197,16410,16411],{},"lookups",[20,16413,214],{},[40,16415,16417],{"className":42,"code":16416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16418,16419,16427,16446,16465,16477,16481,16485],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16420,16421,16423,16425],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16422,11394],{"class":55},[49,16424,60],{"class":59},[49,16426,11399],{"class":85},[49,16428,16429,16431,16433,16435,16437,16439,16442,16444],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16430,11404],{"class":63},[49,16432,7894],{"class":67},[49,16434,95],{"class":63},[49,16436,1197],{"class":85},[49,16438,64],{"class":63},[49,16440,16441],{"class":67},"ana123",[49,16443,95],{"class":63},[49,16445,11420],{"class":85},[49,16447,16448,16450,16452,16454,16456,16458,16461,16463],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,16449,11404],{"class":63},[49,16451,15169],{"class":67},[49,16453,95],{"class":63},[49,16455,1197],{"class":85},[49,16457,64],{"class":63},[49,16459,16460],{"class":67},"ana@example.com",[49,16462,95],{"class":63},[49,16464,11420],{"class":85},[49,16466,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,16468,11404],{"class":63},[49,16470,12422],{"class":67},[49,16472,95],{"class":63},[49,16474,1197],{"class":85},[49,16476,6329],{"class":3757},[49,16478,16479],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,16480,9215],{"class":85},[49,16482,16483],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,16484,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,16486,16487,16489,16491,16493,16495,16497,16499,16501],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,16488,110],{"class":109},[49,16490,92],{"class":85},[49,16492,11488],{"class":88},[49,16494,1256],{"class":85},[49,16496,95],{"class":63},[49,16498,15169],{"class":67},[49,16500,95],{"class":63},[49,16502,3794],{"class":85},[20,16504,16505,16506,32],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[820,16507,16509],{"href":16508},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16511,16512],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[194,16514,16515,16518,16521],{},[197,16516,16517],{},"labels are not needed",[197,16519,16520],{},"you mostly care about position",[197,16522,16523],{},"order matters more than named fields",[181,16525,1308],{"id":1307},[20,16527,16528],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[194,16530,16531,16534,16537,16540,16543],{},[197,16532,16533],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[197,16535,16536],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[197,16538,16539],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[197,16541,16542],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[197,16544,16545,16546,16548],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16547,3698],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[353,16550,16552],{"id":16551},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16554,16555],{},"Wrong:",[40,16557,16559],{"className":42,"code":16558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16560,16561],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16562,16563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16564,16558],{"class":121},[20,16566,16567],{},"Correct:",[40,16569,16571],{"className":42,"code":16570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16572,16573,16597],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16574,16575,16577,16579,16581,16583,16585,16587,16589,16591,16593,16595],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16576,12771],{"class":55},[49,16578,60],{"class":59},[49,16580,10398],{"class":85},[49,16582,95],{"class":63},[49,16584,7575],{"class":67},[49,16586,95],{"class":63},[49,16588,1197],{"class":85},[49,16590,64],{"class":63},[49,16592,12788],{"class":67},[49,16594,95],{"class":63},[49,16596,9215],{"class":85},[49,16598,16599,16601,16603,16605],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16600,110],{"class":109},[49,16602,92],{"class":85},[49,16604,13535],{"class":88},[49,16606,103],{"class":85},[353,16608,16610],{"id":16609},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16612,16555],{},[40,16614,16616],{"className":42,"code":16615,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16617,16618],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16619,16620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16621,16615],{"class":121},[20,16623,16624,16625,16627,16628,16630],{},"This only works if ",[15,16626,7575],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16629,15150],{},", use quotes.",[20,16632,16567],{},[40,16634,16635],{"className":42,"code":16570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,16636,16637,16661],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16638,16639,16641,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16640,12771],{"class":55},[49,16642,60],{"class":59},[49,16644,10398],{"class":85},[49,16646,95],{"class":63},[49,16648,7575],{"class":67},[49,16650,95],{"class":63},[49,16652,1197],{"class":85},[49,16654,64],{"class":63},[49,16656,12788],{"class":67},[49,16658,95],{"class":63},[49,16660,9215],{"class":85},[49,16662,16663,16665,16667,16669],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16664,110],{"class":109},[49,16666,92],{"class":85},[49,16668,13535],{"class":88},[49,16670,103],{"class":85},[353,16672,16674],{"id":16673},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[40,16676,16678],{"className":42,"code":16677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16679,16680,16712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16681,16682,16684,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698,16700,16702,16704,16706,16708,16710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16683,9071],{"class":55},[49,16685,60],{"class":59},[49,16687,10398],{"class":85},[49,16689,95],{"class":63},[49,16691,9205],{"class":67},[49,16693,95],{"class":63},[49,16695,1197],{"class":85},[49,16697,7698],{"class":458},[49,16699,341],{"class":85},[49,16701,64],{"class":63},[49,16703,9205],{"class":67},[49,16705,95],{"class":63},[49,16707,1197],{"class":85},[49,16709,7703],{"class":458},[49,16711,9215],{"class":85},[49,16713,16714,16716,16718,16720],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16715,110],{"class":109},[49,16717,92],{"class":85},[49,16719,9110],{"class":88},[49,16721,103],{"class":85},[20,16723,16724],{},[666,16725,1974],{},[40,16727,16729],{"className":42,"code":16728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16730,16731],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16732,16733,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16734,9184],{"class":85},[49,16736,1573],{"class":63},[49,16738,9205],{"class":67},[49,16740,1573],{"class":63},[49,16742,1197],{"class":85},[49,16744,7703],{"class":458},[49,16746,9215],{"class":85},[181,16748,16750],{"id":16749},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16752,16753],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[40,16755,16757],{"className":42,"code":16756,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16758,16759,16795,16799,16809,16823,16838,16852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16760,16761,16763,16765,16767,16769,16771,16773,16775,16777,16779,16781,16783,16785,16787,16789,16791,16793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16762,11631],{"class":55},[49,16764,60],{"class":59},[49,16766,10398],{"class":85},[49,16768,95],{"class":63},[49,16770,7575],{"class":67},[49,16772,95],{"class":63},[49,16774,1197],{"class":85},[49,16776,64],{"class":63},[49,16778,12788],{"class":67},[49,16780,95],{"class":63},[49,16782,341],{"class":85},[49,16784,64],{"class":63},[49,16786,9205],{"class":67},[49,16788,95],{"class":63},[49,16790,1197],{"class":85},[49,16792,7698],{"class":458},[49,16794,9215],{"class":85},[49,16796,16797],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16798,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,16800,16801,16803,16805,16807],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,16802,110],{"class":109},[49,16804,92],{"class":85},[49,16806,11355],{"class":88},[49,16808,103],{"class":85},[49,16810,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,16812,110],{"class":109},[49,16814,92],{"class":85},[49,16816,3127],{"class":2804},[49,16818,92],{"class":85},[49,16820,11355],{"class":88},[49,16822,1581],{"class":85},[49,16824,16825,16827,16829,16831,16833,16836],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,16826,110],{"class":109},[49,16828,92],{"class":85},[49,16830,11355],{"class":88},[49,16832,32],{"class":85},[49,16834,16835],{"class":88},"keys",[49,16837,7100],{"class":85},[49,16839,16840,16842,16844,16846,16848,16850],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,16841,110],{"class":109},[49,16843,92],{"class":85},[49,16845,11355],{"class":88},[49,16847,32],{"class":85},[49,16849,5266],{"class":88},[49,16851,7100],{"class":85},[49,16853,16854,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,16855,110],{"class":109},[49,16857,92],{"class":85},[49,16859,1631],{"class":109},[49,16861,92],{"class":85},[49,16863,11355],{"class":88},[49,16865,1581],{"class":85},[20,16867,16868],{},[666,16869,16870],{},"Example output:",[40,16872,16874],{"className":42,"code":16873,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16875,16876,16908,16922,16945,16964],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,16877,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,16879,9184],{"class":85},[49,16881,1573],{"class":63},[49,16883,7575],{"class":67},[49,16885,1573],{"class":63},[49,16887,1197],{"class":85},[49,16889,3202],{"class":63},[49,16891,12788],{"class":67},[49,16893,1573],{"class":63},[49,16895,341],{"class":85},[49,16897,3202],{"class":63},[49,16899,9205],{"class":67},[49,16901,1573],{"class":63},[49,16903,1197],{"class":85},[49,16905,7698],{"class":458},[49,16907,9215],{"class":85},[49,16909,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,16911,3196],{"class":59},[49,16913,3199],{"class":1968},[49,16915,3202],{"class":63},[49,16917,8726],{"class":67},[49,16919,1573],{"class":63},[49,16921,3209],{"class":59},[49,16923,16924,16927,16929,16931,16933,16935,16937,16939,16941,16943],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,16925,16926],{"class":88},"dict_keys",[49,16928,2889],{"class":85},[49,16930,1573],{"class":63},[49,16932,7575],{"class":67},[49,16934,1573],{"class":63},[49,16936,341],{"class":85},[49,16938,3202],{"class":63},[49,16940,9205],{"class":67},[49,16942,1573],{"class":63},[49,16944,3794],{"class":85},[49,16946,16947,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,16948,16949],{"class":88},"dict_values",[49,16951,2889],{"class":85},[49,16953,1573],{"class":63},[49,16955,12788],{"class":67},[49,16957,1573],{"class":63},[49,16959,341],{"class":85},[49,16961,7698],{"class":458},[49,16963,3794],{"class":85},[49,16965,16966],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,16967,16968],{"class":458},"2\n",[20,16970,16971,16972,2091,16978,1455,16984,32],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[820,16973,10644,16975],{"href":16974},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16976,16977],{},"keys()",[820,16979,10644,16981],{"href":16980},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16982,16983],{},"values()",[820,16985,10644,16987],{"href":16986},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16988,16989],{},"items()",[181,16991,1704],{"id":1703},[353,16993,16995],{"id":16994},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16997,35,16998,634,17000,17002],{},[15,16999,3698],{},[15,17001,9025],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[353,17004,17006],{"id":17005},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17008,17009,17010,32],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17011,17012],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[353,17014,17016],{"id":17015},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17018,17019],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[353,17021,17023],{"id":17022},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17025,17026],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[353,17028,1740,17030,380,17032,2394],{"id":17029},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17031,3698],{},[15,17033,9025],{},[20,17035,17036,17038,17039,17041],{},[15,17037,3698],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17040,9025],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[181,17043,1775],{"id":1774},[194,17045,17046,17050,17056,17060,17066],{},[197,17047,17048],{},[820,17049,9061],{"href":9060},[197,17051,17052],{},[820,17053,10644,17054,1785],{"href":10643},[15,17055,10647],{},[197,17057,17058],{},[820,17059,11158],{"href":10638},[197,17061,17062],{},[820,17063,17065],{"href":17064},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[197,17067,17068],{},[820,17069,11169],{"href":10981},[20,17071,17072],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1834,17074,17075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":17077},[17078,17079,17080,17081,17084,17087,17092,17093,17098,17099,17104,17105,17113],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":15072,"depth":74,"text":15073},{"id":15090,"depth":74,"text":15078},{"id":15175,"depth":74,"text":15176,"children":17082},[17083],{"id":15327,"depth":106,"text":15328},{"id":9308,"depth":74,"text":9309,"children":17085},[17086],{"id":15506,"depth":106,"text":15507},{"id":15619,"depth":74,"text":17088,"children":17089},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17090],{"id":15746,"depth":106,"text":17091},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9350,"depth":74,"text":9351},{"id":16100,"depth":74,"text":16101,"children":17094},[17095,17096,17097],{"id":16121,"depth":106,"text":16122},{"id":16223,"depth":106,"text":16224},{"id":16305,"depth":106,"text":16306},{"id":16391,"depth":74,"text":16392},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":17100},[17101,17102,17103],{"id":16551,"depth":106,"text":16552},{"id":16609,"depth":106,"text":16610},{"id":16673,"depth":106,"text":16674},{"id":16749,"depth":74,"text":16750},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":17106},[17107,17108,17109,17110,17111],{"id":16994,"depth":106,"text":16995},{"id":17005,"depth":106,"text":17006},{"id":17015,"depth":106,"text":17016},{"id":17022,"depth":106,"text":17023},{"id":17029,"depth":106,"text":17112},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14915,"description":17114},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17120,"title":17121,"body":17122,"description":19571,"extension":1866,"meta":19572,"navigation":128,"path":19573,"seo":19574,"stem":19575,"__hash__":19576},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17123,"toc":19527},[17124,17130,17136,17139,17142,17144,17226,17232,17237,17241,17259,17271,17276,17280,17303,17305,17317,17325,17329,17335,17337,17340,17415,17417,17462,17464,17481,17486,17492,17497,17571,17573,17618,17621,17632,17634,17753,17755,17808,17815,17819,17822,17839,17845,17849,17947,17949,18001,18008,18012,18018,18021,18024,18051,18056,18060,18063,18167,18169,18214,18217,18220,18225,18230,18241,18243,18304,18364,18370,18378,18384,18389,18394,18454,18458,18525,18528,18532,18603,18606,18619,18626,18628,18632,18636,18707,18709,18746,18749,18752,18815,18822,18825,18867,18877,18880,18949,18955,18960,19044,19046,19095,19102,19108,19153,19155,19188,19193,19197,19203,19242,19286,19354,19397,19399,19405,19408,19412,19417,19421,19424,19428,19430,19491,19493,19519,19524],[10,17125,11225,17127,18],{"id":17126},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17128,17129],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17131,17132,17135],{},[15,17133,17134],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17137,17138],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17140,17141],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[181,17143,1907],{"id":1906},[40,17145,17147],{"className":42,"code":17146,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17148,17149,17182,17210,17221],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17150,17151,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162,17164,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17152,17153],{"class":55},"keys ",[49,17155,60],{"class":59},[49,17157,3530],{"class":85},[49,17159,95],{"class":63},[49,17161,7575],{"class":67},[49,17163,95],{"class":63},[49,17165,341],{"class":85},[49,17167,64],{"class":63},[49,17169,9205],{"class":67},[49,17171,95],{"class":63},[49,17173,341],{"class":85},[49,17175,64],{"class":63},[49,17177,10316],{"class":67},[49,17179,95],{"class":63},[49,17181,1244],{"class":85},[49,17183,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17195,17197,17199,17201,17203,17206,17208],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,17185,13113],{"class":55},[49,17187,60],{"class":59},[49,17189,9076],{"class":2804},[49,17191,32],{"class":85},[49,17193,17194],{"class":88},"fromkeys",[49,17196,92],{"class":85},[49,17198,16835],{"class":88},[49,17200,341],{"class":85},[49,17202,64],{"class":63},[49,17204,17205],{"class":67},"unknown",[49,17207,95],{"class":63},[49,17209,103],{"class":85},[49,17211,17212,17214,17216,17219],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,17213,110],{"class":109},[49,17215,92],{"class":85},[49,17217,17218],{"class":88},"person",[49,17220,103],{"class":85},[49,17222,17223],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,17224,17225],{"class":121},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17227,35,17228,17231],{},[15,17229,17230],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[181,17233,184,17235,187],{"id":17234},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17236,17134],{},[20,17238,17239,1197],{},[15,17240,17134],{},[194,17242,17243,17246,17249,17252],{},[197,17244,17245],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[197,17247,17248],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[197,17250,17251],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[197,17253,17254,17255,17258],{},"Is called as ",[15,17256,17257],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17260,17261,17262,17264,17265,17267,17268,32],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17263,8726],{},", so you write ",[15,17266,17257],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17269,17270],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17272,17273,17274,32],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[820,17275,9061],{"href":12931},[181,17277,17279],{"id":17278},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[40,17281,17283],{"className":42,"code":17282,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17284,17285],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17286,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17288,8726],{"class":2804},[49,17290,32],{"class":85},[49,17292,17194],{"class":88},[49,17294,92],{"class":85},[49,17296,3626],{"class":88},[49,17298,341],{"class":85},[49,17300,8341],{"class":88},[49,17302,103],{"class":85},[353,17304,356],{"id":355},[194,17306,17307,17312],{},[197,17308,17309,17311],{},[15,17310,3626],{},": the keys to use",[197,17313,17314,17316],{},[15,17315,338],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17318,17319,17320,17322,17323,32],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17321,338],{},", each key gets ",[15,17324,3684],{},[353,17326,17328],{"id":17327},"return-value","Return value",[20,17330,17331,17332,32],{},"It returns a ",[666,17333,17334],{},"new dictionary",[181,17336,5694],{"id":5693},[20,17338,17339],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[40,17341,17343],{"className":42,"code":17342,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17344,17345,17378,17400,17404],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17346,17347,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357,17359,17361,17363,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17348,17153],{"class":55},[49,17350,60],{"class":59},[49,17352,3530],{"class":85},[49,17354,95],{"class":63},[49,17356,13001],{"class":67},[49,17358,95],{"class":63},[49,17360,341],{"class":85},[49,17362,64],{"class":63},[49,17364,17365],{"class":67},"green",[49,17367,95],{"class":63},[49,17369,341],{"class":85},[49,17371,64],{"class":63},[49,17373,13018],{"class":67},[49,17375,95],{"class":63},[49,17377,1244],{"class":85},[49,17379,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,17381,12984],{"class":55},[49,17383,60],{"class":59},[49,17385,9076],{"class":2804},[49,17387,32],{"class":85},[49,17389,17194],{"class":88},[49,17391,92],{"class":85},[49,17393,16835],{"class":88},[49,17395,341],{"class":85},[49,17397,770],{"class":458},[49,17399,103],{"class":85},[49,17401,17402],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,17403,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,17405,17406,17408,17410,17413],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,17407,110],{"class":109},[49,17409,92],{"class":85},[49,17411,17412],{"class":88},"colors",[49,17414,103],{"class":85},[20,17416,1974],{},[40,17418,17420],{"className":42,"code":17419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17421,17422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17423,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17425,9184],{"class":85},[49,17427,1573],{"class":63},[49,17429,13001],{"class":67},[49,17431,1573],{"class":63},[49,17433,1197],{"class":85},[49,17435,770],{"class":458},[49,17437,341],{"class":85},[49,17439,3202],{"class":63},[49,17441,17365],{"class":67},[49,17443,1573],{"class":63},[49,17445,1197],{"class":85},[49,17447,770],{"class":458},[49,17449,341],{"class":85},[49,17451,3202],{"class":63},[49,17453,13018],{"class":67},[49,17455,1573],{"class":63},[49,17457,1197],{"class":85},[49,17459,770],{"class":458},[49,17461,9215],{"class":85},[20,17463,11590],{},[194,17465,17466,17471,17476],{},[197,17467,17468,17470],{},[15,17469,16835],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[197,17472,17473,17475],{},[15,17474,516],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[197,17477,17478,17480],{},[15,17479,17134],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17482,17483,17484,32],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[820,17485,9298],{"href":12934},[181,17487,644,17489,17491],{"id":17488},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17490,17129],{}," without a value",[20,17493,17494,17495,32],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17496,3684],{},[40,17498,17500],{"className":42,"code":17499,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17501,17502,17536,17556,17560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17503,17504,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17532,17534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17505,17506],{"class":55},"fields ",[49,17508,60],{"class":59},[49,17510,3530],{"class":85},[49,17512,95],{"class":63},[49,17514,7894],{"class":67},[49,17516,95],{"class":63},[49,17518,341],{"class":85},[49,17520,64],{"class":63},[49,17522,15169],{"class":67},[49,17524,95],{"class":63},[49,17526,341],{"class":85},[49,17528,64],{"class":63},[49,17530,17531],{"class":67},"password",[49,17533,95],{"class":63},[49,17535,1244],{"class":85},[49,17537,17538,17541,17543,17545,17547,17549,17551,17554],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,17539,17540],{"class":55},"user_data ",[49,17542,60],{"class":59},[49,17544,9076],{"class":2804},[49,17546,32],{"class":85},[49,17548,17194],{"class":88},[49,17550,92],{"class":85},[49,17552,17553],{"class":88},"fields",[49,17555,103],{"class":85},[49,17557,17558],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,17559,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,17561,17562,17564,17566,17569],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,17563,110],{"class":109},[49,17565,92],{"class":85},[49,17567,17568],{"class":88},"user_data",[49,17570,103],{"class":85},[20,17572,1974],{},[40,17574,17576],{"className":42,"code":17575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17577,17578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17579,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17581,9184],{"class":85},[49,17583,1573],{"class":63},[49,17585,7894],{"class":67},[49,17587,1573],{"class":63},[49,17589,1197],{"class":85},[49,17591,3758],{"class":3757},[49,17593,341],{"class":85},[49,17595,3202],{"class":63},[49,17597,15169],{"class":67},[49,17599,1573],{"class":63},[49,17601,1197],{"class":85},[49,17603,3758],{"class":3757},[49,17605,341],{"class":85},[49,17607,3202],{"class":63},[49,17609,17531],{"class":67},[49,17611,1573],{"class":63},[49,17613,1197],{"class":85},[49,17615,3758],{"class":3757},[49,17617,9215],{"class":85},[20,17619,17620],{},"This is useful when:",[194,17622,17623,17626,17629],{},[197,17624,17625],{},"You want to create the keys first",[197,17627,17628],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[197,17630,17631],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17633,214],{},[40,17635,17637],{"className":42,"code":17636,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17638,17639,17671,17689,17693,17716,17739,17743],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17640,17641,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17642,17506],{"class":55},[49,17644,60],{"class":59},[49,17646,3530],{"class":85},[49,17648,95],{"class":63},[49,17650,7894],{"class":67},[49,17652,95],{"class":63},[49,17654,341],{"class":85},[49,17656,64],{"class":63},[49,17658,15169],{"class":67},[49,17660,95],{"class":63},[49,17662,341],{"class":85},[49,17664,64],{"class":63},[49,17666,17531],{"class":67},[49,17668,95],{"class":63},[49,17670,1244],{"class":85},[49,17672,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,17674,17540],{"class":55},[49,17676,60],{"class":59},[49,17678,9076],{"class":2804},[49,17680,32],{"class":85},[49,17682,17194],{"class":88},[49,17684,92],{"class":85},[49,17686,17553],{"class":88},[49,17688,103],{"class":85},[49,17690,17691],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,17692,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,17694,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17714],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,17696,17568],{"class":55},[49,17698,1256],{"class":85},[49,17700,95],{"class":63},[49,17702,7894],{"class":67},[49,17704,95],{"class":63},[49,17706,13182],{"class":85},[49,17708,13185],{"class":59},[49,17710,64],{"class":63},[49,17712,17713],{"class":67},"alice",[49,17715,71],{"class":63},[49,17717,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17737],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,17719,17568],{"class":55},[49,17721,1256],{"class":85},[49,17723,95],{"class":63},[49,17725,15169],{"class":67},[49,17727,95],{"class":63},[49,17729,13182],{"class":85},[49,17731,13185],{"class":59},[49,17733,64],{"class":63},[49,17735,17736],{"class":67},"alice@example.com",[49,17738,71],{"class":63},[49,17740,17741],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,17742,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,17744,17745,17747,17749,17751],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,17746,110],{"class":109},[49,17748,92],{"class":85},[49,17750,17568],{"class":88},[49,17752,103],{"class":85},[20,17754,1974],{},[40,17756,17758],{"className":42,"code":17757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17759,17760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17761,17762,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800,17802,17804,17806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17763,9184],{"class":85},[49,17765,1573],{"class":63},[49,17767,7894],{"class":67},[49,17769,1573],{"class":63},[49,17771,1197],{"class":85},[49,17773,3202],{"class":63},[49,17775,17713],{"class":67},[49,17777,1573],{"class":63},[49,17779,341],{"class":85},[49,17781,3202],{"class":63},[49,17783,15169],{"class":67},[49,17785,1573],{"class":63},[49,17787,1197],{"class":85},[49,17789,3202],{"class":63},[49,17791,17736],{"class":67},[49,17793,1573],{"class":63},[49,17795,341],{"class":85},[49,17797,3202],{"class":63},[49,17799,17531],{"class":67},[49,17801,1573],{"class":63},[49,17803,1197],{"class":85},[49,17805,3758],{"class":3757},[49,17807,9215],{"class":85},[20,17809,17810,17811,32],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[820,17812,17814],{"href":17813},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[181,17816,17818],{"id":17817},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17820,17821],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[194,17823,17824,17829,17834],{},[197,17825,17826,17828],{},[15,17827,3693],{}," (list)",[197,17830,17831,17833],{},[15,17832,3698],{}," (dictionary)",[197,17835,17836,17838],{},[15,17837,3703],{}," (set)",[20,17840,17841,17842,32],{},"All keys will point to the ",[666,17843,17844],{},"same object",[353,17846,17848],{"id":17847},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[40,17850,17852],{"className":42,"code":17851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17853,17854,17886,17907,17911,17933,17937],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17855,17856,17858,17860,17862,17864,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17857,17153],{"class":55},[49,17859,60],{"class":59},[49,17861,3530],{"class":85},[49,17863,95],{"class":63},[49,17865,820],{"class":67},[49,17867,95],{"class":63},[49,17869,341],{"class":85},[49,17871,64],{"class":63},[49,17873,4667],{"class":67},[49,17875,95],{"class":63},[49,17877,341],{"class":85},[49,17879,64],{"class":63},[49,17881,9646],{"class":67},[49,17883,95],{"class":63},[49,17885,1244],{"class":85},[49,17887,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17904],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,17889,9071],{"class":55},[49,17891,60],{"class":59},[49,17893,9076],{"class":2804},[49,17895,32],{"class":85},[49,17897,17194],{"class":88},[49,17899,92],{"class":85},[49,17901,16835],{"class":88},[49,17903,341],{"class":85},[49,17905,17906],{"class":85}," [])\n",[49,17908,17909],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,17910,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,17912,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,17914,9110],{"class":55},[49,17916,1256],{"class":85},[49,17918,95],{"class":63},[49,17920,820],{"class":67},[49,17922,95],{"class":63},[49,17924,13459],{"class":85},[49,17926,13462],{"class":88},[49,17928,92],{"class":85},[49,17930,1223],{"class":458},[49,17932,103],{"class":85},[49,17934,17935],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,17936,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,17938,17939,17941,17943,17945],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,17940,110],{"class":109},[49,17942,92],{"class":85},[49,17944,9110],{"class":88},[49,17946,103],{"class":85},[20,17948,1974],{},[40,17950,17952],{"className":42,"code":17951,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17953,17954],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,17955,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17973,17975,17977,17979,17981,17983,17985,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,17957,9184],{"class":85},[49,17959,1573],{"class":63},[49,17961,820],{"class":67},[49,17963,1573],{"class":63},[49,17965,1197],{"class":85},[49,17967,3530],{"class":85},[49,17969,1223],{"class":458},[49,17971,17972],{"class":85},"],",[49,17974,3202],{"class":63},[49,17976,4667],{"class":67},[49,17978,1573],{"class":63},[49,17980,1197],{"class":85},[49,17982,3530],{"class":85},[49,17984,1223],{"class":458},[49,17986,17972],{"class":85},[49,17988,3202],{"class":63},[49,17990,9646],{"class":67},[49,17992,1573],{"class":63},[49,17994,1197],{"class":85},[49,17996,3530],{"class":85},[49,17998,1223],{"class":458},[49,18000,13615],{"class":85},[20,18002,18003,18004,18007],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18005,18006],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[353,18009,18011],{"id":18010},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18013,18014,18017],{},[15,18015,18016],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18019,18020],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18022,18023],{},"So this:",[40,18025,18027],{"className":42,"code":18026,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18028,18029],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18030,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039,18041,18043,18045,18047,18049],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18032,9110],{"class":55},[49,18034,1256],{"class":85},[49,18036,95],{"class":63},[49,18038,820],{"class":67},[49,18040,95],{"class":63},[49,18042,13459],{"class":85},[49,18044,13462],{"class":88},[49,18046,92],{"class":85},[49,18048,1223],{"class":458},[49,18050,103],{"class":85},[20,18052,18053,18054,32],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18055,18006],{},[353,18057,18059],{"id":18058},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18061,18062],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[40,18064,18066],{"className":42,"code":18065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18067,18068,18100,18127,18131,18153,18157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18069,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18071,17153],{"class":55},[49,18073,60],{"class":59},[49,18075,3530],{"class":85},[49,18077,95],{"class":63},[49,18079,820],{"class":67},[49,18081,95],{"class":63},[49,18083,341],{"class":85},[49,18085,64],{"class":63},[49,18087,4667],{"class":67},[49,18089,95],{"class":63},[49,18091,341],{"class":85},[49,18093,64],{"class":63},[49,18095,9646],{"class":67},[49,18097,95],{"class":63},[49,18099,1244],{"class":85},[49,18101,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18115,18117,18120,18122,18125],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18103,9071],{"class":55},[49,18105,60],{"class":59},[49,18107,10398],{"class":85},[49,18109,14751],{"class":55},[49,18111,1197],{"class":85},[49,18113,18114],{"class":85}," []",[49,18116,3782],{"class":1210},[49,18118,18119],{"class":55}," key ",[49,18121,3788],{"class":1210},[49,18123,18124],{"class":55}," keys",[49,18126,9215],{"class":85},[49,18128,18129],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,18130,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,18132,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141,18143,18145,18147,18149,18151],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,18134,9110],{"class":55},[49,18136,1256],{"class":85},[49,18138,95],{"class":63},[49,18140,820],{"class":67},[49,18142,95],{"class":63},[49,18144,13459],{"class":85},[49,18146,13462],{"class":88},[49,18148,92],{"class":85},[49,18150,1223],{"class":458},[49,18152,103],{"class":85},[49,18154,18155],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,18156,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,18158,18159,18161,18163,18165],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,18160,110],{"class":109},[49,18162,92],{"class":85},[49,18164,9110],{"class":88},[49,18166,103],{"class":85},[20,18168,1974],{},[40,18170,18172],{"className":42,"code":18171,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18173,18174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18175,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196,18198,18200,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18177,9184],{"class":85},[49,18179,1573],{"class":63},[49,18181,820],{"class":67},[49,18183,1573],{"class":63},[49,18185,1197],{"class":85},[49,18187,3530],{"class":85},[49,18189,1223],{"class":458},[49,18191,17972],{"class":85},[49,18193,3202],{"class":63},[49,18195,4667],{"class":67},[49,18197,1573],{"class":63},[49,18199,1197],{"class":85},[49,18201,18202],{"class":85}," [],",[49,18204,3202],{"class":63},[49,18206,9646],{"class":67},[49,18208,1573],{"class":63},[49,18210,1197],{"class":85},[49,18212,18213],{"class":85}," []}\n",[20,18215,18216],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18218,18219],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[181,18221,4868,18223],{"id":18222},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18224,17129],{},[20,18226,18227,18229],{},[15,18228,17134],{}," is a good choice when:",[194,18231,18232,18235,18238],{},[197,18233,18234],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[197,18236,18237],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[197,18239,18240],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18242,2029],{},[40,18244,18246],{"className":42,"code":18245,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18247,18248,18293],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18249,18250,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18285,18287,18289,18291],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18251,18252],{"class":55},"flags ",[49,18254,60],{"class":59},[49,18256,9076],{"class":2804},[49,18258,32],{"class":85},[49,18260,17194],{"class":88},[49,18262,2889],{"class":85},[49,18264,95],{"class":63},[49,18266,18267],{"class":67},"is_admin",[49,18269,95],{"class":63},[49,18271,341],{"class":85},[49,18273,64],{"class":63},[49,18275,14989],{"class":67},[49,18277,95],{"class":63},[49,18279,341],{"class":85},[49,18281,64],{"class":63},[49,18283,18284],{"class":67},"is_verified",[49,18286,95],{"class":63},[49,18288,17972],{"class":85},[49,18290,3812],{"class":3757},[49,18292,103],{"class":85},[49,18294,18295,18297,18299,18302],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18296,110],{"class":109},[49,18298,92],{"class":85},[49,18300,18301],{"class":88},"flags",[49,18303,103],{"class":85},[40,18305,18307],{"className":42,"code":18306,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18308,18309,18354],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18310,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325,18328,18330,18332,18334,18337,18339,18341,18343,18346,18348,18350,18352],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18312,4971],{"class":55},[49,18314,60],{"class":59},[49,18316,9076],{"class":2804},[49,18318,32],{"class":85},[49,18320,17194],{"class":88},[49,18322,2889],{"class":85},[49,18324,95],{"class":63},[49,18326,18327],{"class":67},"math",[49,18329,95],{"class":63},[49,18331,341],{"class":85},[49,18333,64],{"class":63},[49,18335,18336],{"class":67},"science",[49,18338,95],{"class":63},[49,18340,341],{"class":85},[49,18342,64],{"class":63},[49,18344,18345],{"class":67},"history",[49,18347,95],{"class":63},[49,18349,17972],{"class":85},[49,18351,770],{"class":458},[49,18353,103],{"class":85},[49,18355,18356,18358,18360,18362],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18357,110],{"class":109},[49,18359,92],{"class":85},[49,18361,16300],{"class":88},[49,18363,103],{"class":85},[20,18365,18366,18367,18369],{},"It is ",[666,18368,4536],{}," the best choice when:",[194,18371,18372,18375],{},[197,18373,18374],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[197,18376,18377],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[181,18379,18381,18383],{"id":18380},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18382,17129],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18385,18386,18388],{},[15,18387,17129],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[353,18390,644,18392],{"id":18391},"using-fromkeys",[15,18393,17129],{},[40,18395,18397],{"className":42,"code":18396,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18398,18399,18444],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18400,18401,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18418,18420,18422,18424,18427,18429,18431,18433,18436,18438,18440,18442],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18402,13735],{"class":55},[49,18404,60],{"class":59},[49,18406,9076],{"class":2804},[49,18408,32],{"class":85},[49,18410,17194],{"class":88},[49,18412,2889],{"class":85},[49,18414,95],{"class":63},[49,18416,18417],{"class":67},"sound",[49,18419,95],{"class":63},[49,18421,341],{"class":85},[49,18423,64],{"class":63},[49,18425,18426],{"class":67},"music",[49,18428,95],{"class":63},[49,18430,341],{"class":85},[49,18432,64],{"class":63},[49,18434,18435],{"class":67},"notifications",[49,18437,95],{"class":63},[49,18439,17972],{"class":85},[49,18441,3821],{"class":3757},[49,18443,103],{"class":85},[49,18445,18446,18448,18450,18452],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18447,110],{"class":109},[49,18449,92],{"class":85},[49,18451,13794],{"class":88},[49,18453,103],{"class":85},[353,18455,18457],{"id":18456},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[40,18459,18461],{"className":42,"code":18460,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18462,18463,18471,18485,18499,18511,18515],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18464,18465,18467,18469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18466,13735],{"class":55},[49,18468,60],{"class":59},[49,18470,11399],{"class":85},[49,18472,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481,18483],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18474,11404],{"class":63},[49,18476,18417],{"class":67},[49,18478,95],{"class":63},[49,18480,1197],{"class":85},[49,18482,3821],{"class":3757},[49,18484,11420],{"class":85},[49,18486,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,18488,11404],{"class":63},[49,18490,18426],{"class":67},[49,18492,95],{"class":63},[49,18494,1197],{"class":85},[49,18496,3812],{"class":3757},[49,18498,11420],{"class":85},[49,18500,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,18502,11404],{"class":63},[49,18504,18435],{"class":67},[49,18506,95],{"class":63},[49,18508,1197],{"class":85},[49,18510,6329],{"class":3757},[49,18512,18513],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,18514,9215],{"class":85},[49,18516,18517,18519,18521,18523],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,18518,110],{"class":109},[49,18520,92],{"class":85},[49,18522,13794],{"class":88},[49,18524,103],{"class":85},[20,18526,18527],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[353,18529,18531],{"id":18530},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[40,18533,18535],{"className":42,"code":18534,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18536,18537,18569,18593],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18538,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547,18549,18551,18553,18555,18557,18559,18561,18563,18565,18567],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18540,17153],{"class":55},[49,18542,60],{"class":59},[49,18544,3530],{"class":85},[49,18546,95],{"class":63},[49,18548,820],{"class":67},[49,18550,95],{"class":63},[49,18552,341],{"class":85},[49,18554,64],{"class":63},[49,18556,4667],{"class":67},[49,18558,95],{"class":63},[49,18560,341],{"class":85},[49,18562,64],{"class":63},[49,18564,9646],{"class":67},[49,18566,95],{"class":63},[49,18568,1244],{"class":85},[49,18570,18571,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18572,9071],{"class":55},[49,18574,60],{"class":59},[49,18576,10398],{"class":85},[49,18578,14751],{"class":55},[49,18580,1197],{"class":85},[49,18582,18114],{"class":85},[49,18584,3782],{"class":1210},[49,18586,18119],{"class":55},[49,18588,3788],{"class":1210},[49,18590,18124],{"class":55},[49,18592,9215],{"class":85},[49,18594,18595,18597,18599,18601],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,18596,110],{"class":109},[49,18598,92],{"class":85},[49,18600,9110],{"class":88},[49,18602,103],{"class":85},[20,18604,18605],{},"Use:",[194,18607,18608,18613,18616],{},[197,18609,18610,18612],{},[15,18611,17129],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[197,18614,18615],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[197,18617,18618],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18620,18621,18622,32],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[820,18623,10644,18624,1785],{"href":13942},[15,18625,14864],{},[181,18627,1308],{"id":1307},[20,18629,14643,18630,32],{},[15,18631,17134],{},[353,18633,18635],{"id":18634},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[40,18637,18639],{"className":42,"code":18638,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18640,18641,18674,18697],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18642,18643,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18644,18645],{"class":55},"d ",[49,18647,60],{"class":59},[49,18649,9076],{"class":2804},[49,18651,32],{"class":85},[49,18653,17194],{"class":88},[49,18655,2889],{"class":85},[49,18657,95],{"class":63},[49,18659,820],{"class":67},[49,18661,95],{"class":63},[49,18663,341],{"class":85},[49,18665,64],{"class":63},[49,18667,4667],{"class":67},[49,18669,95],{"class":63},[49,18671,17972],{"class":85},[49,18673,17906],{"class":85},[49,18675,18676,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18677,18678],{"class":55},"d",[49,18680,1256],{"class":85},[49,18682,95],{"class":63},[49,18684,820],{"class":67},[49,18686,95],{"class":63},[49,18688,13459],{"class":85},[49,18690,13462],{"class":88},[49,18692,92],{"class":85},[49,18694,1223],{"class":458},[49,18696,103],{"class":85},[49,18698,18699,18701,18703,18705],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,18700,110],{"class":109},[49,18702,92],{"class":85},[49,18704,18678],{"class":88},[49,18706,103],{"class":85},[20,18708,1974],{},[40,18710,18712],{"className":42,"code":18711,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18713,18714],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18715,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18717,9184],{"class":85},[49,18719,1573],{"class":63},[49,18721,820],{"class":67},[49,18723,1573],{"class":63},[49,18725,1197],{"class":85},[49,18727,3530],{"class":85},[49,18729,1223],{"class":458},[49,18731,17972],{"class":85},[49,18733,3202],{"class":63},[49,18735,4667],{"class":67},[49,18737,1573],{"class":63},[49,18739,1197],{"class":85},[49,18741,3530],{"class":85},[49,18743,1223],{"class":458},[49,18745,13615],{"class":85},[20,18747,18748],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18750,18751],{},"Use this instead:",[40,18753,18755],{"className":42,"code":18754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18756,18757,18781,18805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18758,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18760,17153],{"class":55},[49,18762,60],{"class":59},[49,18764,3530],{"class":85},[49,18766,95],{"class":63},[49,18768,820],{"class":67},[49,18770,95],{"class":63},[49,18772,341],{"class":85},[49,18774,64],{"class":63},[49,18776,4667],{"class":67},[49,18778,95],{"class":63},[49,18780,1244],{"class":85},[49,18782,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18784,18645],{"class":55},[49,18786,60],{"class":59},[49,18788,10398],{"class":85},[49,18790,14751],{"class":55},[49,18792,1197],{"class":85},[49,18794,18114],{"class":85},[49,18796,3782],{"class":1210},[49,18798,18119],{"class":55},[49,18800,3788],{"class":1210},[49,18802,18124],{"class":55},[49,18804,9215],{"class":85},[49,18806,18807,18809,18811,18813],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,18808,110],{"class":109},[49,18810,92],{"class":85},[49,18812,18678],{"class":88},[49,18814,103],{"class":85},[353,18816,18818,18819,18821],{"id":18817},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18820,17129],{}," on a list",[20,18823,18824],{},"Wrong idea:",[40,18826,18828],{"className":42,"code":18827,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18829,18830,18862],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18831,18832,18834,18836,18838,18840,18842,18844,18846,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18833,17153],{"class":55},[49,18835,60],{"class":59},[49,18837,3530],{"class":85},[49,18839,95],{"class":63},[49,18841,820],{"class":67},[49,18843,95],{"class":63},[49,18845,341],{"class":85},[49,18847,64],{"class":63},[49,18849,4667],{"class":67},[49,18851,95],{"class":63},[49,18853,341],{"class":85},[49,18855,64],{"class":63},[49,18857,9646],{"class":67},[49,18859,95],{"class":63},[49,18861,1244],{"class":85},[49,18863,18864],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18865,18866],{"class":121},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18868,18869,18871,18872,18874,18875,32],{},[15,18870,17129],{}," belongs to ",[15,18873,8726],{},", not ",[15,18876,8002],{},[20,18878,18879],{},"Correct usage:",[40,18881,18883],{"className":42,"code":18882,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18884,18885,18917,18939],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18886,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18888,17153],{"class":55},[49,18890,60],{"class":59},[49,18892,3530],{"class":85},[49,18894,95],{"class":63},[49,18896,820],{"class":67},[49,18898,95],{"class":63},[49,18900,341],{"class":85},[49,18902,64],{"class":63},[49,18904,4667],{"class":67},[49,18906,95],{"class":63},[49,18908,341],{"class":85},[49,18910,64],{"class":63},[49,18912,9646],{"class":67},[49,18914,95],{"class":63},[49,18916,1244],{"class":85},[49,18918,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935,18937],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18920,18645],{"class":55},[49,18922,60],{"class":59},[49,18924,9076],{"class":2804},[49,18926,32],{"class":85},[49,18928,17194],{"class":88},[49,18930,92],{"class":85},[49,18932,16835],{"class":88},[49,18934,341],{"class":85},[49,18936,770],{"class":458},[49,18938,103],{"class":85},[49,18940,18941,18943,18945,18947],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,18942,110],{"class":109},[49,18944,92],{"class":85},[49,18946,18678],{"class":88},[49,18948,103],{"class":85},[353,18950,1318,18952,18954],{"id":18951},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18953,17129],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18956,18957,18959],{},[15,18958,17134],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[40,18961,18963],{"className":42,"code":18962,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18964,18965,18985,19019,19023,19033],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,18966,18967,18969,18971,18973,18975,18977,18979,18981,18983],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,18968,11993],{"class":55},[49,18970,60],{"class":59},[49,18972,10398],{"class":85},[49,18974,95],{"class":63},[49,18976,283],{"class":67},[49,18978,95],{"class":63},[49,18980,1197],{"class":85},[49,18982,1264],{"class":458},[49,18984,9215],{"class":85},[49,18986,18987,18989,18991,18993,18995,18997,18999,19001,19003,19005,19007,19009,19011,19013,19015,19017],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,18988,12946],{"class":55},[49,18990,60],{"class":59},[49,18992,9076],{"class":2804},[49,18994,32],{"class":85},[49,18996,17194],{"class":88},[49,18998,2889],{"class":85},[49,19000,95],{"class":63},[49,19002,820],{"class":67},[49,19004,95],{"class":63},[49,19006,341],{"class":85},[49,19008,64],{"class":63},[49,19010,4667],{"class":67},[49,19012,95],{"class":63},[49,19014,17972],{"class":85},[49,19016,770],{"class":458},[49,19018,103],{"class":85},[49,19020,19021],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,19022,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,19024,19025,19027,19029,19031],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,19026,110],{"class":109},[49,19028,92],{"class":85},[49,19030,12040],{"class":88},[49,19032,103],{"class":85},[49,19034,19035,19037,19039,19042],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,19036,110],{"class":109},[49,19038,92],{"class":85},[49,19040,19041],{"class":88},"new_dict",[49,19043,103],{"class":85},[20,19045,1974],{},[40,19047,19049],{"className":42,"code":19048,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19050,19051,19067],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19052,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19054,9184],{"class":85},[49,19056,1573],{"class":63},[49,19058,283],{"class":67},[49,19060,1573],{"class":63},[49,19062,1197],{"class":85},[49,19064,1264],{"class":458},[49,19066,9215],{"class":85},[49,19068,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,19070,9184],{"class":85},[49,19072,1573],{"class":63},[49,19074,820],{"class":67},[49,19076,1573],{"class":63},[49,19078,1197],{"class":85},[49,19080,770],{"class":458},[49,19082,341],{"class":85},[49,19084,3202],{"class":63},[49,19086,4667],{"class":67},[49,19088,1573],{"class":63},[49,19090,1197],{"class":85},[49,19092,770],{"class":458},[49,19094,9215],{"class":85},[20,19096,19097,19098,32],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[820,19099,10644,19100,1785],{"href":13942},[15,19101,14864],{},[353,19103,19105,19106],{"id":19104},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19107,3684],{},[40,19109,19111],{"className":42,"code":19110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19112,19113,19143],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19114,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19116,18645],{"class":55},[49,19118,60],{"class":59},[49,19120,9076],{"class":2804},[49,19122,32],{"class":85},[49,19124,17194],{"class":88},[49,19126,2889],{"class":85},[49,19128,95],{"class":63},[49,19130,283],{"class":67},[49,19132,95],{"class":63},[49,19134,341],{"class":85},[49,19136,64],{"class":63},[49,19138,11652],{"class":67},[49,19140,95],{"class":63},[49,19142,3794],{"class":85},[49,19144,19145,19147,19149,19151],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,19146,110],{"class":109},[49,19148,92],{"class":85},[49,19150,18678],{"class":88},[49,19152,103],{"class":85},[20,19154,1974],{},[40,19156,19158],{"className":42,"code":19157,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19159,19160],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19161,19162,19164,19166,19168,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19163,9184],{"class":85},[49,19165,1573],{"class":63},[49,19167,283],{"class":67},[49,19169,1573],{"class":63},[49,19171,1197],{"class":85},[49,19173,3758],{"class":3757},[49,19175,341],{"class":85},[49,19177,3202],{"class":63},[49,19179,11652],{"class":67},[49,19181,1573],{"class":63},[49,19183,1197],{"class":85},[49,19185,3758],{"class":3757},[49,19187,9215],{"class":85},[20,19189,19190,19191,32],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19192,3684],{},[181,19194,19196],{"id":19195},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19198,19199,19200,19202],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19201,17129],{}," works.",[40,19204,19206],{"className":42,"code":19205,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19207,19208],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19209,19210,19212,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19211,110],{"class":109},[49,19213,92],{"class":85},[49,19215,8726],{"class":2804},[49,19217,32],{"class":85},[49,19219,17194],{"class":88},[49,19221,2889],{"class":85},[49,19223,95],{"class":63},[49,19225,820],{"class":67},[49,19227,95],{"class":63},[49,19229,341],{"class":85},[49,19231,64],{"class":63},[49,19233,4667],{"class":67},[49,19235,95],{"class":63},[49,19237,17972],{"class":85},[49,19239,770],{"class":458},[49,19241,1581],{"class":85},[40,19243,19244],{"className":42,"code":19110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,19245,19246,19276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19247,19248,19250,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19249,18645],{"class":55},[49,19251,60],{"class":59},[49,19253,9076],{"class":2804},[49,19255,32],{"class":85},[49,19257,17194],{"class":88},[49,19259,2889],{"class":85},[49,19261,95],{"class":63},[49,19263,283],{"class":67},[49,19265,95],{"class":63},[49,19267,341],{"class":85},[49,19269,64],{"class":63},[49,19271,11652],{"class":67},[49,19273,95],{"class":63},[49,19275,3794],{"class":85},[49,19277,19278,19280,19282,19284],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,19279,110],{"class":109},[49,19281,92],{"class":85},[49,19283,18678],{"class":88},[49,19285,103],{"class":85},[40,19287,19288],{"className":42,"code":18638,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,19289,19290,19322,19344],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19291,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19293,18645],{"class":55},[49,19295,60],{"class":59},[49,19297,9076],{"class":2804},[49,19299,32],{"class":85},[49,19301,17194],{"class":88},[49,19303,2889],{"class":85},[49,19305,95],{"class":63},[49,19307,820],{"class":67},[49,19309,95],{"class":63},[49,19311,341],{"class":85},[49,19313,64],{"class":63},[49,19315,4667],{"class":67},[49,19317,95],{"class":63},[49,19319,17972],{"class":85},[49,19321,17906],{"class":85},[49,19323,19324,19326,19328,19330,19332,19334,19336,19338,19340,19342],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,19325,18678],{"class":55},[49,19327,1256],{"class":85},[49,19329,95],{"class":63},[49,19331,820],{"class":67},[49,19333,95],{"class":63},[49,19335,13459],{"class":85},[49,19337,13462],{"class":88},[49,19339,92],{"class":85},[49,19341,1223],{"class":458},[49,19343,103],{"class":85},[49,19345,19346,19348,19350,19352],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,19347,110],{"class":109},[49,19349,92],{"class":85},[49,19351,18678],{"class":88},[49,19353,103],{"class":85},[40,19355,19357],{"className":42,"code":19356,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19358,19359],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19360,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19362,110],{"class":109},[49,19364,92],{"class":85},[49,19366,3127],{"class":2804},[49,19368,92],{"class":85},[49,19370,8726],{"class":2804},[49,19372,32],{"class":85},[49,19374,17194],{"class":88},[49,19376,2889],{"class":85},[49,19378,1223],{"class":458},[49,19380,341],{"class":85},[49,19382,2896],{"class":458},[49,19384,341],{"class":85},[49,19386,2354],{"class":458},[49,19388,17972],{"class":85},[49,19390,64],{"class":63},[49,19392,338],{"class":67},[49,19394,95],{"class":63},[49,19396,2815],{"class":85},[181,19398,1704],{"id":1703},[353,19400,1720,19402,19404],{"id":19401},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19403,17129],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19406,19407],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[353,19409,19411],{"id":19410},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19413,19414,19415,32],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19416,3684],{},[353,19418,19420],{"id":19419},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19422,19423],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[353,19425,19427],{"id":19426},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19429,18062],{},[40,19431,19433],{"className":42,"code":19432,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19434,19435,19467],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19436,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19438,17153],{"class":55},[49,19440,60],{"class":59},[49,19442,3530],{"class":85},[49,19444,95],{"class":63},[49,19446,820],{"class":67},[49,19448,95],{"class":63},[49,19450,341],{"class":85},[49,19452,64],{"class":63},[49,19454,4667],{"class":67},[49,19456,95],{"class":63},[49,19458,341],{"class":85},[49,19460,64],{"class":63},[49,19462,9646],{"class":67},[49,19464,95],{"class":63},[49,19466,1244],{"class":85},[49,19468,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,19470,9071],{"class":55},[49,19472,60],{"class":59},[49,19474,10398],{"class":85},[49,19476,14751],{"class":55},[49,19478,1197],{"class":85},[49,19480,18114],{"class":85},[49,19482,3782],{"class":1210},[49,19484,18119],{"class":55},[49,19486,3788],{"class":1210},[49,19488,18124],{"class":55},[49,19490,9215],{"class":85},[181,19492,1775],{"id":1774},[194,19494,19495,19499,19503,19507,19513],{},[197,19496,19497],{},[820,19498,11149],{"href":12934},[197,19500,19501],{},[820,19502,9061],{"href":12931},[197,19504,19505],{},[820,19506,11158],{"href":17813},[197,19508,19509],{},[820,19510,10644,19511,1785],{"href":13942},[15,19512,14864],{},[197,19514,19515],{},[820,19516,10644,19517,1785],{"href":14909},[15,19518,12684],{},[20,19520,35,19521,19523],{},[15,19522,17134],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1834,19525,19526],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":19528},[19529,19530,19532,19536,19537,19539,19544,19546,19553,19562,19563,19570],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":17234,"depth":74,"text":19531},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17278,"depth":74,"text":17279,"children":19533},[19534,19535],{"id":355,"depth":106,"text":356},{"id":17327,"depth":106,"text":17328},{"id":5693,"depth":74,"text":5694},{"id":17488,"depth":74,"text":19538},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17817,"depth":74,"text":17818,"children":19540},[19541,19542,19543],{"id":17847,"depth":106,"text":17848},{"id":18010,"depth":106,"text":18011},{"id":18058,"depth":106,"text":18059},{"id":18222,"depth":74,"text":19545},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18380,"depth":74,"text":19547,"children":19548},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19549,19551,19552],{"id":18391,"depth":106,"text":19550},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18456,"depth":106,"text":18457},{"id":18530,"depth":106,"text":18531},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":19554},[19555,19556,19558,19560],{"id":18634,"depth":106,"text":18635},{"id":18817,"depth":106,"text":19557},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18951,"depth":106,"text":19559},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19104,"depth":106,"text":19561},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19195,"depth":74,"text":19196},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":19564},[19565,19567,19568,19569],{"id":19401,"depth":106,"text":19566},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19410,"depth":106,"text":19411},{"id":19419,"depth":106,"text":19420},{"id":19426,"depth":106,"text":19427},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17121,"description":19571},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19578,"title":19579,"body":19580,"description":21408,"extension":1866,"meta":21409,"navigation":128,"path":21410,"seo":21411,"stem":21412,"__hash__":21413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19581,"toc":21375},[19582,19587,19593,19604,19734,19741,19746,19750,19766,19768,19866,19869,19886,19890,19892,19897,19935,19938,19956,19958,20076,20081,20085,20101,20104,20240,20243,20248,20254,20257,20294,20297,20301,20306,20382,20386,20391,20473,20475,20491,20496,20500,20506,20575,20578,20595,20598,20679,20684,20687,20707,20711,20716,20722,20728,20799,20802,20808,20811,20885,20892,20898,20906,20916,20918,21013,21019,21024,21111,21117,21119,21124,21146,21149,21244,21247,21278,21291,21293,21301,21307,21313,21316,21322,21327,21334,21339,21341,21372],[10,19583,11225,19585,18],{"id":19584},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19586,10647],{},[20,19588,19589,19590,19592],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19591,10647],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19594,19595,19596,2091,19599,1000,19601,19603],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19597,19598],{},"KeyError",[15,19600,10647],{},[15,19602,3684],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[40,19605,19607],{"className":42,"code":19606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19608,19609,19645,19649,19675,19700],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19610,19611,19613,19615,19617,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19643],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19612,13113],{"class":55},[49,19614,60],{"class":59},[49,19616,10398],{"class":85},[49,19618,95],{"class":63},[49,19620,7575],{"class":67},[49,19622,95],{"class":63},[49,19624,1197],{"class":85},[49,19626,64],{"class":63},[49,19628,12788],{"class":67},[49,19630,95],{"class":63},[49,19632,341],{"class":85},[49,19634,64],{"class":63},[49,19636,9205],{"class":67},[49,19638,95],{"class":63},[49,19640,1197],{"class":85},[49,19642,9212],{"class":458},[49,19644,9215],{"class":85},[49,19646,19647],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,19648,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,19650,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,19652,110],{"class":109},[49,19654,92],{"class":85},[49,19656,17218],{"class":88},[49,19658,32],{"class":85},[49,19660,19661],{"class":88},"get",[49,19663,92],{"class":85},[49,19665,95],{"class":63},[49,19667,7575],{"class":67},[49,19669,95],{"class":63},[49,19671,261],{"class":85},[49,19673,19674],{"class":121},"           # Ana\n",[49,19676,19677,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,19678,110],{"class":109},[49,19680,92],{"class":85},[49,19682,17218],{"class":88},[49,19684,32],{"class":85},[49,19686,19661],{"class":88},[49,19688,92],{"class":85},[49,19690,95],{"class":63},[49,19692,10316],{"class":67},[49,19694,95],{"class":63},[49,19696,261],{"class":85},[49,19698,19699],{"class":121},"           # None\n",[49,19701,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19727,19729,19731],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,19703,110],{"class":109},[49,19705,92],{"class":85},[49,19707,17218],{"class":88},[49,19709,32],{"class":85},[49,19711,19661],{"class":88},[49,19713,92],{"class":85},[49,19715,95],{"class":63},[49,19717,10316],{"class":67},[49,19719,95],{"class":63},[49,19721,341],{"class":85},[49,19723,64],{"class":63},[49,19725,19726],{"class":67},"N\u002FA",[49,19728,95],{"class":63},[49,19730,261],{"class":85},[49,19732,19733],{"class":121},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19735,35,19736,19738,19739,32],{},[15,19737,10647],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19740,19598],{},[181,19742,184,19744,187],{"id":19743},"what-get-does",[15,19745,10647],{},[20,19747,661,19748,11319],{},[15,19749,10647],{},[194,19751,19752,19755,19760,19763],{},[197,19753,19754],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[197,19756,205,19757,19759],{},[15,19758,3684],{}," if the key does not exist",[197,19761,19762],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[197,19764,19765],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19767,214],{},[40,19769,19771],{"className":42,"code":19770,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19772,19773,19812,19816,19841],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19774,19775,19777,19779,19781,19783,19785,19787,19789,19791,19794,19796,19798,19800,19803,19805,19807,19810],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19776,12771],{"class":55},[49,19778,60],{"class":59},[49,19780,10398],{"class":85},[49,19782,95],{"class":63},[49,19784,7575],{"class":67},[49,19786,95],{"class":63},[49,19788,1197],{"class":85},[49,19790,64],{"class":63},[49,19792,19793],{"class":67},"Lina",[49,19795,95],{"class":63},[49,19797,341],{"class":85},[49,19799,64],{"class":63},[49,19801,19802],{"class":67},"grade",[49,19804,95],{"class":63},[49,19806,1197],{"class":85},[49,19808,19809],{"class":458}," 90",[49,19811,9215],{"class":85},[49,19813,19814],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,19815,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,19817,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19832,19834,19836,19838],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,19819,110],{"class":109},[49,19821,92],{"class":85},[49,19823,13535],{"class":88},[49,19825,32],{"class":85},[49,19827,19661],{"class":88},[49,19829,92],{"class":85},[49,19831,95],{"class":63},[49,19833,7575],{"class":67},[49,19835,95],{"class":63},[49,19837,261],{"class":85},[49,19839,19840],{"class":121},"     # Lina\n",[49,19842,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,19844,110],{"class":109},[49,19846,92],{"class":85},[49,19848,13535],{"class":88},[49,19850,32],{"class":85},[49,19852,19661],{"class":88},[49,19854,92],{"class":85},[49,19856,95],{"class":63},[49,19858,15169],{"class":67},[49,19860,95],{"class":63},[49,19862,261],{"class":85},[49,19864,19865],{"class":121},"    # None\n",[20,19867,19868],{},"In this example:",[194,19870,19871,19876],{},[197,19872,19873,19875],{},[15,19874,15150],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[197,19877,19878,19881,19882,1000,19884],{},[15,19879,19880],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19883,10647],{},[15,19885,3684],{},[20,19887,12928,19888,32],{},[820,19889,9061],{"href":9060},[181,19891,316],{"id":315},[20,19893,19894,19895,1197],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19896,10647],{},[40,19898,19900],{"className":42,"code":19899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19901,19902,19916],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19903,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19905,15515],{"class":55},[49,19907,32],{"class":85},[49,19909,19661],{"class":88},[49,19911,92],{"class":85},[49,19913,14751],{"class":88},[49,19915,103],{"class":85},[49,19917,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19930,19933],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,19919,15515],{"class":55},[49,19921,32],{"class":85},[49,19923,19661],{"class":88},[49,19925,92],{"class":85},[49,19927,14751],{"class":88},[49,19929,341],{"class":85},[49,19931,19932],{"class":88}," default_value",[49,19934,103],{"class":85},[20,19936,19937],{},"What each part means:",[194,19939,19940,19945,19951],{},[197,19941,19942,19944],{},[15,19943,14751],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[197,19946,19947,19950],{},[15,19948,19949],{},"default_value"," is optional",[197,19952,19953,19954],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19955,3684],{},[20,19957,214],{},[40,19959,19961],{"className":42,"code":19960,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19962,19963,19987,19991,20016,20042],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,19964,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979,19981,19983,19985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,19966,13735],{"class":55},[49,19968,60],{"class":59},[49,19970,10398],{"class":85},[49,19972,95],{"class":63},[49,19974,12402],{"class":67},[49,19976,95],{"class":63},[49,19978,1197],{"class":85},[49,19980,64],{"class":63},[49,19982,12411],{"class":67},[49,19984,95],{"class":63},[49,19986,9215],{"class":85},[49,19988,19989],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,19990,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,19992,19993,19995,19997,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,19994,110],{"class":109},[49,19996,92],{"class":85},[49,19998,13794],{"class":88},[49,20000,32],{"class":85},[49,20002,19661],{"class":88},[49,20004,92],{"class":85},[49,20006,95],{"class":63},[49,20008,12402],{"class":67},[49,20010,95],{"class":63},[49,20012,261],{"class":85},[49,20014,20015],{"class":121},"            # dark\n",[49,20017,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20035,20037,20039],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,20019,110],{"class":109},[49,20021,92],{"class":85},[49,20023,13794],{"class":88},[49,20025,32],{"class":85},[49,20027,19661],{"class":88},[49,20029,92],{"class":85},[49,20031,95],{"class":63},[49,20033,20034],{"class":67},"language",[49,20036,95],{"class":63},[49,20038,261],{"class":85},[49,20040,20041],{"class":121},"         # None\n",[49,20043,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20069,20071,20073],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,20045,110],{"class":109},[49,20047,92],{"class":85},[49,20049,13794],{"class":88},[49,20051,32],{"class":85},[49,20053,19661],{"class":88},[49,20055,92],{"class":85},[49,20057,95],{"class":63},[49,20059,20034],{"class":67},[49,20061,95],{"class":63},[49,20063,341],{"class":85},[49,20065,64],{"class":63},[49,20067,20068],{"class":67},"en",[49,20070,95],{"class":63},[49,20072,261],{"class":85},[49,20074,20075],{"class":121},"   # en\n",[181,20077,4868,20079],{"id":20078},"when-to-use-get",[15,20080,10647],{},[20,20082,35,20083,10508],{},[15,20084,10647],{},[194,20086,20087,20090,20095,20098],{},[197,20088,20089],{},"A key might not exist",[197,20091,20092,20093],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20094,19598],{},[197,20096,20097],{},"You are reading optional data",[197,20099,20100],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20102,20103],{},"Example with optional user data:",[40,20105,20107],{"className":42,"code":20106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20108,20109,20151,20155,20180,20206],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20110,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140,20142,20144,20147,20149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20112,11394],{"class":55},[49,20114,60],{"class":59},[49,20116,10398],{"class":85},[49,20118,95],{"class":63},[49,20120,7894],{"class":67},[49,20122,95],{"class":63},[49,20124,1197],{"class":85},[49,20126,64],{"class":63},[49,20128,20129],{"class":67},"sam",[49,20131,95],{"class":63},[49,20133,341],{"class":85},[49,20135,64],{"class":63},[49,20137,15169],{"class":67},[49,20139,95],{"class":63},[49,20141,1197],{"class":85},[49,20143,64],{"class":63},[49,20145,20146],{"class":67},"sam@example.com",[49,20148,95],{"class":63},[49,20150,9215],{"class":85},[49,20152,20153],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,20154,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,20156,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,20158,110],{"class":109},[49,20160,92],{"class":85},[49,20162,11488],{"class":88},[49,20164,32],{"class":85},[49,20166,19661],{"class":88},[49,20168,92],{"class":85},[49,20170,95],{"class":63},[49,20172,7894],{"class":67},[49,20174,95],{"class":63},[49,20176,261],{"class":85},[49,20178,20179],{"class":121},"              # sam\n",[49,20181,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20199,20201,20203],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,20183,110],{"class":109},[49,20185,92],{"class":85},[49,20187,11488],{"class":88},[49,20189,32],{"class":85},[49,20191,19661],{"class":88},[49,20193,92],{"class":85},[49,20195,95],{"class":63},[49,20197,20198],{"class":67},"phone",[49,20200,95],{"class":63},[49,20202,261],{"class":85},[49,20204,20205],{"class":121},"                 # None\n",[49,20207,20208,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230,20233,20235,20237],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,20209,110],{"class":109},[49,20211,92],{"class":85},[49,20213,11488],{"class":88},[49,20215,32],{"class":85},[49,20217,19661],{"class":88},[49,20219,92],{"class":85},[49,20221,95],{"class":63},[49,20223,20198],{"class":67},[49,20225,95],{"class":63},[49,20227,341],{"class":85},[49,20229,64],{"class":63},[49,20231,20232],{"class":67},"Not provided",[49,20234,95],{"class":63},[49,20236,261],{"class":85},[49,20238,20239],{"class":121}," # Not provided\n",[20,20241,20242],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20244,20245,20246,32],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[820,20247,16509],{"href":16508},[181,20249,20251,20253],{"id":20250},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20252,10647],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20255,20256],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[40,20258,20260],{"className":42,"code":20259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20261,20262,20276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20263,20264,20266,20268,20270,20272,20274],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20265,9110],{"class":55},[49,20267,1256],{"class":85},[49,20269,95],{"class":63},[49,20271,14751],{"class":67},[49,20273,95],{"class":63},[49,20275,1244],{"class":85},[49,20277,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,20279,9110],{"class":55},[49,20281,32],{"class":85},[49,20283,19661],{"class":88},[49,20285,92],{"class":85},[49,20287,95],{"class":63},[49,20289,14751],{"class":67},[49,20291,95],{"class":63},[49,20293,103],{"class":85},[20,20295,20296],{},"The difference is important.",[353,20298,20300],{"id":20299},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20302,20303,20304,32],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20305,19598],{},[40,20307,20309],{"className":42,"code":20308,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20310,20311,20335,20339,20361],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20312,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329,20331,20333],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20314,9071],{"class":55},[49,20316,60],{"class":59},[49,20318,10398],{"class":85},[49,20320,95],{"class":63},[49,20322,7575],{"class":67},[49,20324,95],{"class":63},[49,20326,1197],{"class":85},[49,20328,64],{"class":63},[49,20330,12788],{"class":67},[49,20332,95],{"class":63},[49,20334,9215],{"class":85},[49,20336,20337],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,20338,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,20340,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20358],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,20342,110],{"class":109},[49,20344,92],{"class":85},[49,20346,9110],{"class":88},[49,20348,1256],{"class":85},[49,20350,95],{"class":63},[49,20352,7575],{"class":67},[49,20354,95],{"class":63},[49,20356,20357],{"class":85},"])",[49,20359,20360],{"class":121},"   # Ana\n",[49,20362,20363,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,20364,110],{"class":109},[49,20366,92],{"class":85},[49,20368,9110],{"class":88},[49,20370,1256],{"class":85},[49,20372,95],{"class":63},[49,20374,10316],{"class":67},[49,20376,95],{"class":63},[49,20378,20357],{"class":85},[49,20380,20381],{"class":121},"   # KeyError\n",[353,20383,20384],{"id":19661},[15,20385,10647],{},[20,20387,20388,20390],{},[15,20389,10647],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[40,20392,20394],{"className":42,"code":20393,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20395,20396,20420,20424,20448],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20397,20398,20400,20402,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20399,9071],{"class":55},[49,20401,60],{"class":59},[49,20403,10398],{"class":85},[49,20405,95],{"class":63},[49,20407,7575],{"class":67},[49,20409,95],{"class":63},[49,20411,1197],{"class":85},[49,20413,64],{"class":63},[49,20415,12788],{"class":67},[49,20417,95],{"class":63},[49,20419,9215],{"class":85},[49,20421,20422],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,20423,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,20425,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,20427,110],{"class":109},[49,20429,92],{"class":85},[49,20431,9110],{"class":88},[49,20433,32],{"class":85},[49,20435,19661],{"class":88},[49,20437,92],{"class":85},[49,20439,95],{"class":63},[49,20441,7575],{"class":67},[49,20443,95],{"class":63},[49,20445,261],{"class":85},[49,20447,20360],{"class":121},[49,20449,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,20451,110],{"class":109},[49,20453,92],{"class":85},[49,20455,9110],{"class":88},[49,20457,32],{"class":85},[49,20459,19661],{"class":88},[49,20461,92],{"class":85},[49,20463,95],{"class":63},[49,20465,10316],{"class":67},[49,20467,95],{"class":63},[49,20469,261],{"class":85},[49,20471,20472],{"class":121},"   # None\n",[20,20474,18605],{},[194,20476,20477,20483],{},[197,20478,20479,20480],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[666,20481,20482],{},"must exist",[197,20484,20485,20487,20488],{},[15,20486,10647],{}," when the key is ",[666,20489,20490],{},"optional",[20,20492,20493,20494,32],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[820,20495,11169],{"href":10981},[181,20497,20499],{"id":20498},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20501,20502,20503,20505],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20504,10647],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[40,20507,20509],{"className":42,"code":20508,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20510,20511,20536,20540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20512,20513,20516,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20514,20515],{"class":55},"profile ",[49,20517,60],{"class":59},[49,20519,10398],{"class":85},[49,20521,95],{"class":63},[49,20523,7575],{"class":67},[49,20525,95],{"class":63},[49,20527,1197],{"class":85},[49,20529,64],{"class":63},[49,20531,7830],{"class":67},[49,20533,95],{"class":63},[49,20535,9215],{"class":85},[49,20537,20538],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,20539,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,20541,20542,20544,20546,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20568,20570,20572],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,20543,110],{"class":109},[49,20545,92],{"class":85},[49,20547,20548],{"class":88},"profile",[49,20550,32],{"class":85},[49,20552,19661],{"class":88},[49,20554,92],{"class":85},[49,20556,95],{"class":63},[49,20558,15172],{"class":67},[49,20560,95],{"class":63},[49,20562,341],{"class":85},[49,20564,64],{"class":63},[49,20566,20567],{"class":67},"Unknown",[49,20569,95],{"class":63},[49,20571,261],{"class":85},[49,20573,20574],{"class":121},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20576,20577],{},"This is useful for display text:",[194,20579,20580,20585,20590],{},[197,20581,20582],{},[15,20583,20584],{},"\"Unknown\"",[197,20586,20587],{},[15,20588,20589],{},"\"Not set\"",[197,20591,20592],{},[15,20593,20594],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20596,20597],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[40,20599,20601],{"className":42,"code":20600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20602,20603,20635,20639,20666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20604,20605,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629,20631,20633],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20606,4971],{"class":55},[49,20608,60],{"class":59},[49,20610,10398],{"class":85},[49,20612,95],{"class":63},[49,20614,18327],{"class":67},[49,20616,95],{"class":63},[49,20618,1197],{"class":85},[49,20620,5911],{"class":458},[49,20622,341],{"class":85},[49,20624,64],{"class":63},[49,20626,18336],{"class":67},[49,20628,95],{"class":63},[49,20630,1197],{"class":85},[49,20632,6267],{"class":458},[49,20634,9215],{"class":85},[49,20636,20637],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,20638,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,20640,20641,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,20642,20643],{"class":55},"total_history ",[49,20645,60],{"class":59},[49,20647,5018],{"class":55},[49,20649,32],{"class":85},[49,20651,19661],{"class":88},[49,20653,92],{"class":85},[49,20655,95],{"class":63},[49,20657,18345],{"class":67},[49,20659,95],{"class":63},[49,20661,341],{"class":85},[49,20663,770],{"class":458},[49,20665,103],{"class":85},[49,20667,20668,20670,20672,20675,20677],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,20669,110],{"class":109},[49,20671,92],{"class":85},[49,20673,20674],{"class":88},"total_history",[49,20676,118],{"class":85},[49,20678,574],{"class":121},[20,20680,305,20681,20683],{},[15,20682,516],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20685,20686],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[194,20688,20689,20692,20697,20702],{},[197,20690,20691],{},"Use a string for text",[197,20693,35,20694,20696],{},[15,20695,516],{}," for numbers",[197,20698,35,20699,20701],{},[15,20700,3693],{}," for lists if needed",[197,20703,35,20704,20706],{},[15,20705,3698],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[181,20708,20710],{"id":20709},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20712,20713,20714,32],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20715,10647],{},[353,20717,20719,20721],{"id":20718},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20720,10647],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20723,20724,20725,20727],{},"This code does ",[666,20726,4536],{}," create a new key:",[40,20729,20731],{"className":42,"code":20730,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20732,20733,20757,20761,20786],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20734,20735,20737,20739,20741,20743,20745,20747,20749,20751,20753,20755],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20736,13113],{"class":55},[49,20738,60],{"class":59},[49,20740,10398],{"class":85},[49,20742,95],{"class":63},[49,20744,7575],{"class":67},[49,20746,95],{"class":63},[49,20748,1197],{"class":85},[49,20750,64],{"class":63},[49,20752,12788],{"class":67},[49,20754,95],{"class":63},[49,20756,9215],{"class":85},[49,20758,20759],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,20760,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,20762,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,20764,110],{"class":109},[49,20766,92],{"class":85},[49,20768,17218],{"class":88},[49,20770,32],{"class":85},[49,20772,19661],{"class":88},[49,20774,92],{"class":85},[49,20776,95],{"class":63},[49,20778,10316],{"class":67},[49,20780,95],{"class":63},[49,20782,261],{"class":85},[49,20784,20785],{"class":121},"  # None\n",[49,20787,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,20789,110],{"class":109},[49,20791,92],{"class":85},[49,20793,17218],{"class":88},[49,20795,118],{"class":85},[49,20797,20798],{"class":121},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20800,20801],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[353,20803,20805,20807],{"id":20804},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20806,10647],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20809,20810],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[40,20812,20814],{"className":42,"code":20813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20815,20816,20842,20846,20872],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20817,20818,20820,20822,20824,20826,20829,20831,20833,20835,20838,20840],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20819,13735],{"class":55},[49,20821,60],{"class":59},[49,20823,10398],{"class":85},[49,20825,95],{"class":63},[49,20827,20828],{"class":67},"mode",[49,20830,95],{"class":63},[49,20832,1197],{"class":85},[49,20834,64],{"class":63},[49,20836,20837],{"class":67},"light",[49,20839,95],{"class":63},[49,20841,9215],{"class":85},[49,20843,20844],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,20845,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,20847,20848,20850,20852,20854,20856,20858,20860,20862,20864,20866,20868,20870],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,20849,13794],{"class":55},[49,20851,32],{"class":85},[49,20853,19661],{"class":88},[49,20855,92],{"class":85},[49,20857,95],{"class":63},[49,20859,12402],{"class":67},[49,20861,95],{"class":63},[49,20863,341],{"class":85},[49,20865,64],{"class":63},[49,20867,12411],{"class":67},[49,20869,95],{"class":63},[49,20871,103],{"class":85},[49,20873,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,20875,110],{"class":109},[49,20877,92],{"class":85},[49,20879,13794],{"class":88},[49,20881,118],{"class":85},[49,20883,20884],{"class":121},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20886,20887,20888,20891],{},"Even though ",[15,20889,20890],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[353,20893,20895,20896],{"id":20894},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20897,3684],{},[20,20899,20900,20901,1000,20903,20905],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20902,10647],{},[15,20904,3684],{}," because:",[194,20907,20908,20911],{},[197,20909,20910],{},"The key is missing, or",[197,20912,20913,20914],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20915,3684],{},[20,20917,214],{},[40,20919,20921],{"className":42,"code":20920,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20922,20923,20960,20964,20988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,20924,20925,20927,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947,20949,20952,20954,20956,20958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,20926,9071],{"class":55},[49,20928,60],{"class":59},[49,20930,10398],{"class":85},[49,20932,95],{"class":63},[49,20934,7575],{"class":67},[49,20936,95],{"class":63},[49,20938,1197],{"class":85},[49,20940,64],{"class":63},[49,20942,12788],{"class":67},[49,20944,95],{"class":63},[49,20946,341],{"class":85},[49,20948,64],{"class":63},[49,20950,20951],{"class":67},"nickname",[49,20953,95],{"class":63},[49,20955,1197],{"class":85},[49,20957,3758],{"class":3757},[49,20959,9215],{"class":85},[49,20961,20962],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,20963,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,20965,20966,20968,20970,20972,20974,20976,20978,20980,20982,20984,20986],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,20967,110],{"class":109},[49,20969,92],{"class":85},[49,20971,9110],{"class":88},[49,20973,32],{"class":85},[49,20975,19661],{"class":88},[49,20977,92],{"class":85},[49,20979,95],{"class":63},[49,20981,20951],{"class":67},[49,20983,95],{"class":63},[49,20985,261],{"class":85},[49,20987,20785],{"class":121},[49,20989,20990,20992,20994,20996,20998,21000,21002,21004,21006,21008,21010],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,20991,110],{"class":109},[49,20993,92],{"class":85},[49,20995,9110],{"class":88},[49,20997,32],{"class":85},[49,20999,19661],{"class":88},[49,21001,92],{"class":85},[49,21003,95],{"class":63},[49,21005,10316],{"class":67},[49,21007,95],{"class":63},[49,21009,261],{"class":85},[49,21011,21012],{"class":121},"      # None\n",[20,21014,21015,21016,21018],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21017,3684],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21020,21021,21022,1197],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21023,3788],{},[40,21025,21027],{"className":42,"code":21026,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21028,21029,21065,21069,21090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21030,21031,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055,21057,21059,21061,21063],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21032,9071],{"class":55},[49,21034,60],{"class":59},[49,21036,10398],{"class":85},[49,21038,95],{"class":63},[49,21040,7575],{"class":67},[49,21042,95],{"class":63},[49,21044,1197],{"class":85},[49,21046,64],{"class":63},[49,21048,12788],{"class":67},[49,21050,95],{"class":63},[49,21052,341],{"class":85},[49,21054,64],{"class":63},[49,21056,20951],{"class":67},[49,21058,95],{"class":63},[49,21060,1197],{"class":85},[49,21062,3758],{"class":3757},[49,21064,9215],{"class":85},[49,21066,21067],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,21068,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,21070,21071,21073,21075,21077,21079,21081,21084,21086,21088],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,21072,110],{"class":109},[49,21074,92],{"class":85},[49,21076,95],{"class":63},[49,21078,20951],{"class":67},[49,21080,95],{"class":63},[49,21082,21083],{"class":1210}," in",[49,21085,14476],{"class":88},[49,21087,118],{"class":85},[49,21089,3571],{"class":121},[49,21091,21092,21094,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,21093,110],{"class":109},[49,21095,92],{"class":85},[49,21097,95],{"class":63},[49,21099,10316],{"class":67},[49,21101,95],{"class":63},[49,21103,21083],{"class":1210},[49,21105,14476],{"class":88},[49,21107,118],{"class":85},[49,21109,21110],{"class":121},"      # False\n",[20,21112,21113,21114,32],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[820,21115,21116],{"href":17064},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[181,21118,1308],{"id":1307},[20,21120,21121,21122,1197],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21123,10647],{},[194,21125,21126,21131,21138,21143],{},[197,21127,21128,21129],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21130,19598],{},[197,21132,4610,21133,1000,21135,21137],{},[15,21134,10647],{},[15,21136,3684],{}," if no default is provided",[197,21139,1347,21140,21142],{},[15,21141,10647],{}," creates a key automatically",[197,21144,21145],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21147,21148],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[40,21150,21152],{"className":42,"code":21151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21153,21154,21164,21178,21196,21218],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21155,21156,21158,21160,21162],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21157,110],{"class":109},[49,21159,92],{"class":85},[49,21161,11355],{"class":88},[49,21163,103],{"class":85},[49,21165,21166,21168,21170,21172,21174,21176],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,21167,110],{"class":109},[49,21169,92],{"class":85},[49,21171,11355],{"class":88},[49,21173,32],{"class":85},[49,21175,16835],{"class":88},[49,21177,7100],{"class":85},[49,21179,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,21181,110],{"class":109},[49,21183,92],{"class":85},[49,21185,1573],{"class":63},[49,21187,7575],{"class":67},[49,21189,1573],{"class":63},[49,21191,21083],{"class":1210},[49,21193,11673],{"class":88},[49,21195,103],{"class":85},[49,21197,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214,21216],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,21199,110],{"class":109},[49,21201,92],{"class":85},[49,21203,11355],{"class":88},[49,21205,32],{"class":85},[49,21207,19661],{"class":88},[49,21209,92],{"class":85},[49,21211,1573],{"class":63},[49,21213,7575],{"class":67},[49,21215,1573],{"class":63},[49,21217,1581],{"class":85},[49,21219,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,21221,110],{"class":109},[49,21223,92],{"class":85},[49,21225,3127],{"class":2804},[49,21227,92],{"class":85},[49,21229,11355],{"class":88},[49,21231,32],{"class":85},[49,21233,19661],{"class":88},[49,21235,92],{"class":85},[49,21237,1573],{"class":63},[49,21239,7575],{"class":67},[49,21241,1573],{"class":63},[49,21243,2815],{"class":85},[20,21245,21246],{},"What these checks tell you:",[194,21248,21249,21254,21260,21266,21272],{},[197,21250,21251,21253],{},[15,21252,12587],{}," shows the full dictionary",[197,21255,21256,21259],{},[15,21257,21258],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[197,21261,21262,21265],{},[15,21263,21264],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[197,21267,21268,21271],{},[15,21269,21270],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[197,21273,21274,21277],{},[15,21275,21276],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21279,21280,21281,380,21286,21290],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[820,21282,21283,21284,1785],{"href":16974},"the dictionary ",[15,21285,16977],{},[820,21287,21283,21288,1785],{"href":16986},[15,21289,16989],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[181,21292,1704],{"id":1703},[353,21294,1720,21296,21298,21299,2394],{"id":21295},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21297,10647],{}," raise ",[15,21300,19598],{},[20,21302,21303,21304,21306],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21305,3684],{}," or the default value you provide.",[353,21308,1720,21310,21312],{"id":21309},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21311,10647],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21314,21315],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[353,21317,21319,21320,2394],{"id":21318},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21321,10647],{},[20,21323,21324,21326],{},[15,21325,3684],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[353,21328,21330,21331,21333],{"id":21329},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21332,10647],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21335,35,21336,21338],{},[15,21337,10647],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[181,21340,1775],{"id":1774},[194,21342,21343,21347,21353,21359,21363,21368],{},[197,21344,21345],{},[820,21346,9061],{"href":9060},[197,21348,21349],{},[820,21350,10644,21351,1785],{"href":16974},[15,21352,16977],{},[197,21354,21355],{},[820,21356,10644,21357,1785],{"href":16986},[15,21358,16989],{},[197,21360,21361],{},[820,21362,17065],{"href":17064},[197,21364,21365],{},[820,21366,21367],{"href":16508},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[197,21369,21370],{},[820,21371,11169],{"href":10981},[1834,21373,21374],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":21376},[21377,21379,21380,21382,21387,21388,21396,21397,21407],{"id":19743,"depth":74,"text":21378},"What get() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":20078,"depth":74,"text":21381},"When to use get()",{"id":20250,"depth":74,"text":21383,"children":21384},"get() vs square brackets",[21385,21386],{"id":20299,"depth":106,"text":20300},{"id":19661,"depth":106,"text":10647},{"id":20498,"depth":74,"text":20499},{"id":20709,"depth":74,"text":20710,"children":21389},[21390,21392,21394],{"id":20718,"depth":106,"text":21391},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20804,"depth":106,"text":21393},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20894,"depth":106,"text":21395},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":21398},[21399,21401,21403,21405],{"id":21295,"depth":106,"text":21400},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21309,"depth":106,"text":21402},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21318,"depth":106,"text":21404},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21329,"depth":106,"text":21406},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19579,"description":21408},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21415,"title":21416,"body":21417,"description":23973,"extension":1866,"meta":23974,"navigation":128,"path":23975,"seo":23976,"stem":23977,"__hash__":23978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21418,"toc":23939},[21419,21424,21430,21436,21438,21520,21524,21541,21546,21551,21556,21558,21572,21574,21637,21641,21681,21689,21691,21693,21708,21711,21724,21726,21805,21809,21875,21877,21881,21889,21891,21902,21904,22013,22017,22096,22102,22108,22113,22226,22230,22262,22265,22372,22378,22385,22389,22392,22495,22499,22560,22563,22566,22577,22586,22589,22606,22608,22707,22711,22786,22789,22812,22817,22822,22839,22841,22962,22966,23000,23002,23007,23014,23024,23026,23104,23107,23178,23188,23191,23223,23226,23265,23271,23278,23281,23372,23376,23457,23463,23466,23469,23574,23577,23580,23702,23706,23709,23776,23780,23817,23823,23825,23831,23836,23842,23849,23855,23858,23897,23903,23906,23908,23936],[10,21420,11225,21422,18],{"id":21421},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21423,16989],{},[20,21425,661,21426,21429],{},[15,21427,21428],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21431,21432,21433,21435],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21434,16989],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[181,21437,1907],{"id":1906},[40,21439,21441],{"className":42,"code":21440,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21442,21443,21479,21483,21506],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21444,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21446,13113],{"class":55},[49,21448,60],{"class":59},[49,21450,10398],{"class":85},[49,21452,95],{"class":63},[49,21454,7575],{"class":67},[49,21456,95],{"class":63},[49,21458,1197],{"class":85},[49,21460,64],{"class":63},[49,21462,12788],{"class":67},[49,21464,95],{"class":63},[49,21466,341],{"class":85},[49,21468,64],{"class":63},[49,21470,9205],{"class":67},[49,21472,95],{"class":63},[49,21474,1197],{"class":85},[49,21476,9212],{"class":458},[49,21478,9215],{"class":85},[49,21480,21481],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,21482,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,21484,21485,21487,21490,21492,21495,21497,21499,21501,21503],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,21486,5865],{"class":1210},[49,21488,21489],{"class":55}," key",[49,21491,341],{"class":85},[49,21493,21494],{"class":55}," value ",[49,21496,3788],{"class":1210},[49,21498,13156],{"class":55},[49,21500,32],{"class":85},[49,21502,7718],{"class":88},[49,21504,21505],{"class":85},"():\n",[49,21507,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,21509,1273],{"class":109},[49,21511,92],{"class":85},[49,21513,14751],{"class":88},[49,21515,341],{"class":85},[49,21517,8341],{"class":88},[49,21519,103],{"class":85},[20,21521,21522],{},[666,21523,1974],{},[40,21525,21527],{"className":42,"code":21526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21528,21529,21534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21530,21531],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21532,21533],{"class":55},"name Ana\n",[49,21535,21536,21539],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,21537,21538],{"class":55},"age ",[49,21540,2612],{"class":458},[20,21542,35,21543,21545],{},[15,21544,16989],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[181,21547,184,21549,187],{"id":21548},"what-items-does",[15,21550,16989],{},[20,21552,21553,21555],{},[15,21554,16989],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21557,11364],{},[194,21559,21560,21566,21569],{},[197,21561,21562,21563],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21564,21565],{},"(key, value)",[197,21567,21568],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[197,21570,21571],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21573,214],{},[40,21575,21577],{"className":42,"code":21576,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21578,21579,21615,21619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21580,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21582,13113],{"class":55},[49,21584,60],{"class":59},[49,21586,10398],{"class":85},[49,21588,95],{"class":63},[49,21590,7575],{"class":67},[49,21592,95],{"class":63},[49,21594,1197],{"class":85},[49,21596,64],{"class":63},[49,21598,12788],{"class":67},[49,21600,95],{"class":63},[49,21602,341],{"class":85},[49,21604,64],{"class":63},[49,21606,9205],{"class":67},[49,21608,95],{"class":63},[49,21610,1197],{"class":85},[49,21612,9212],{"class":458},[49,21614,9215],{"class":85},[49,21616,21617],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,21618,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,21620,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,21622,110],{"class":109},[49,21624,92],{"class":85},[49,21626,8002],{"class":2804},[49,21628,92],{"class":85},[49,21630,17218],{"class":88},[49,21632,32],{"class":85},[49,21634,7718],{"class":88},[49,21636,6197],{"class":85},[20,21638,21639],{},[666,21640,1974],{},[40,21642,21644],{"className":42,"code":21643,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21645,21646],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21647,21648,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21649,21650],{"class":85},"[(",[49,21652,1573],{"class":63},[49,21654,7575],{"class":67},[49,21656,1573],{"class":63},[49,21658,341],{"class":85},[49,21660,3202],{"class":63},[49,21662,12788],{"class":67},[49,21664,1573],{"class":63},[49,21666,9139],{"class":85},[49,21668,9142],{"class":85},[49,21670,1573],{"class":63},[49,21672,9205],{"class":67},[49,21674,1573],{"class":63},[49,21676,341],{"class":85},[49,21678,9212],{"class":458},[49,21680,9155],{"class":85},[20,21682,21683,21684,634,21686,32],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[820,21685,9061],{"href":12931},[820,21687,14935],{"href":21688},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[181,21690,316],{"id":315},[20,21692,5341],{},[40,21694,21696],{"className":42,"code":21695,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21697,21698],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21699,21700,21702,21704,21706],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21701,11355],{"class":55},[49,21703,32],{"class":85},[49,21705,7718],{"class":88},[49,21707,8548],{"class":85},[20,21709,21710],{},"Things to remember:",[194,21712,21713,21718,21721],{},[197,21714,21715,21717],{},[15,21716,16989],{}," does not take any arguments",[197,21719,21720],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[197,21722,21723],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21725,214],{},[40,21727,21729],{"className":42,"code":21728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21730,21731,21763,21767,21781,21785,21795],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21732,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21734,4971],{"class":55},[49,21736,60],{"class":59},[49,21738,10398],{"class":85},[49,21740,95],{"class":63},[49,21742,4911],{"class":67},[49,21744,95],{"class":63},[49,21746,1197],{"class":85},[49,21748,19809],{"class":458},[49,21750,341],{"class":85},[49,21752,64],{"class":63},[49,21754,4920],{"class":67},[49,21756,95],{"class":63},[49,21758,1197],{"class":85},[49,21760,13416],{"class":458},[49,21762,9215],{"class":85},[49,21764,21765],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,21766,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,21768,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,21770,2131],{"class":55},[49,21772,60],{"class":59},[49,21774,5018],{"class":55},[49,21776,32],{"class":85},[49,21778,7718],{"class":88},[49,21780,8548],{"class":85},[49,21782,21783],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,21784,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,21786,21787,21789,21791,21793],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,21788,110],{"class":109},[49,21790,92],{"class":85},[49,21792,2166],{"class":88},[49,21794,103],{"class":85},[49,21796,21797,21799,21801,21803],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,21798,110],{"class":109},[49,21800,92],{"class":85},[49,21802,16300],{"class":88},[49,21804,103],{"class":85},[20,21806,21807],{},[666,21808,1974],{},[40,21810,21812],{"className":42,"code":21811,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21813,21814,21847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21815,21816,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21817,21818],{"class":88},"dict_items",[49,21820,9564],{"class":85},[49,21822,1573],{"class":63},[49,21824,4911],{"class":67},[49,21826,1573],{"class":63},[49,21828,341],{"class":85},[49,21830,19809],{"class":458},[49,21832,9139],{"class":85},[49,21834,9142],{"class":85},[49,21836,1573],{"class":63},[49,21838,4920],{"class":67},[49,21840,1573],{"class":63},[49,21842,341],{"class":85},[49,21844,13416],{"class":458},[49,21846,10586],{"class":85},[49,21848,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,21850,9184],{"class":85},[49,21852,1573],{"class":63},[49,21854,4911],{"class":67},[49,21856,1573],{"class":63},[49,21858,1197],{"class":85},[49,21860,19809],{"class":458},[49,21862,341],{"class":85},[49,21864,3202],{"class":63},[49,21866,4920],{"class":67},[49,21868,1573],{"class":63},[49,21870,1197],{"class":85},[49,21872,13416],{"class":458},[49,21874,9215],{"class":85},[20,21876,20801],{},[181,21878,21880],{"id":21879},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21882,21883,21885,21886,21888],{},[15,21884,16989],{}," returns a ",[15,21887,21818],{}," view object.",[20,21890,2011],{},[194,21892,21893,21896,21899],{},[197,21894,21895],{},"You can loop over it",[197,21897,21898],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[197,21900,21901],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21903,214],{},[40,21905,21907],{"className":42,"code":21906,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21908,21909,21941,21955,21959,21973,21977,21995,21999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,21910,21911,21913,21915,21917,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927,21929,21931,21933,21935,21937,21939],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,21912,9071],{"class":55},[49,21914,60],{"class":59},[49,21916,10398],{"class":85},[49,21918,95],{"class":63},[49,21920,283],{"class":67},[49,21922,95],{"class":63},[49,21924,1197],{"class":85},[49,21926,1264],{"class":458},[49,21928,341],{"class":85},[49,21930,64],{"class":63},[49,21932,11652],{"class":67},[49,21934,95],{"class":63},[49,21936,1197],{"class":85},[49,21938,2896],{"class":458},[49,21940,9215],{"class":85},[49,21942,21943,21945,21947,21949,21951,21953],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,21944,9121],{"class":55},[49,21946,60],{"class":59},[49,21948,14476],{"class":55},[49,21950,32],{"class":85},[49,21952,7718],{"class":88},[49,21954,8548],{"class":85},[49,21956,21957],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,21958,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,21960,21961,21963,21965,21967,21969,21971],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,21962,110],{"class":109},[49,21964,92],{"class":85},[49,21966,8002],{"class":2804},[49,21968,92],{"class":85},[49,21970,9168],{"class":88},[49,21972,1581],{"class":85},[49,21974,21975],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,21976,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,21978,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,21980,9110],{"class":55},[49,21982,1256],{"class":85},[49,21984,95],{"class":63},[49,21986,618],{"class":67},[49,21988,95],{"class":63},[49,21990,13182],{"class":85},[49,21992,13185],{"class":59},[49,21994,2480],{"class":458},[49,21996,21997],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,21998,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,22000,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,22002,110],{"class":109},[49,22004,92],{"class":85},[49,22006,8002],{"class":2804},[49,22008,92],{"class":85},[49,22010,9168],{"class":88},[49,22012,1581],{"class":85},[20,22014,22015],{},[666,22016,1974],{},[40,22018,22020],{"className":42,"code":22019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22021,22022,22052],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22023,22024,22026,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22025,21650],{"class":85},[49,22027,1573],{"class":63},[49,22029,283],{"class":67},[49,22031,1573],{"class":63},[49,22033,341],{"class":85},[49,22035,1264],{"class":458},[49,22037,9139],{"class":85},[49,22039,9142],{"class":85},[49,22041,1573],{"class":63},[49,22043,11652],{"class":67},[49,22045,1573],{"class":63},[49,22047,341],{"class":85},[49,22049,2896],{"class":458},[49,22051,9155],{"class":85},[49,22053,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072,22074,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,22055,21650],{"class":85},[49,22057,1573],{"class":63},[49,22059,283],{"class":67},[49,22061,1573],{"class":63},[49,22063,341],{"class":85},[49,22065,1264],{"class":458},[49,22067,9139],{"class":85},[49,22069,9142],{"class":85},[49,22071,1573],{"class":63},[49,22073,11652],{"class":67},[49,22075,1573],{"class":63},[49,22077,341],{"class":85},[49,22079,2896],{"class":458},[49,22081,9139],{"class":85},[49,22083,9142],{"class":85},[49,22085,1573],{"class":63},[49,22087,618],{"class":67},[49,22089,1573],{"class":63},[49,22091,341],{"class":85},[49,22093,2354],{"class":458},[49,22095,9155],{"class":85},[20,22097,22098,22099,22101],{},"This happens because ",[15,22100,9168],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[181,22103,22105,22106],{"id":22104},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22107,16989],{},[20,22109,22110,22111,1197],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22112,16989],{},[40,22114,22116],{"className":42,"code":22115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22117,22118,22171,22175,22195],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22119,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22155,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165,22167,22169],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22121,12771],{"class":55},[49,22123,60],{"class":59},[49,22125,10398],{"class":85},[49,22127,95],{"class":63},[49,22129,7575],{"class":67},[49,22131,95],{"class":63},[49,22133,1197],{"class":85},[49,22135,64],{"class":63},[49,22137,7830],{"class":67},[49,22139,95],{"class":63},[49,22141,341],{"class":85},[49,22143,64],{"class":63},[49,22145,19802],{"class":67},[49,22147,95],{"class":63},[49,22149,1197],{"class":85},[49,22151,64],{"class":63},[49,22153,22154],{"class":67},"A",[49,22156,95],{"class":63},[49,22158,341],{"class":85},[49,22160,64],{"class":63},[49,22162,9205],{"class":67},[49,22164,95],{"class":63},[49,22166,1197],{"class":85},[49,22168,13767],{"class":458},[49,22170,9215],{"class":85},[49,22172,22173],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,22174,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,22176,22177,22179,22181,22183,22185,22187,22189,22191,22193],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,22178,5865],{"class":1210},[49,22180,21489],{"class":55},[49,22182,341],{"class":85},[49,22184,21494],{"class":55},[49,22186,3788],{"class":1210},[49,22188,12814],{"class":55},[49,22190,32],{"class":85},[49,22192,7718],{"class":88},[49,22194,21505],{"class":85},[49,22196,22197,22199,22201,22204,22206,22208,22210,22213,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,22198,1273],{"class":109},[49,22200,92],{"class":85},[49,22202,22203],{"class":1968},"f",[49,22205,95],{"class":67},[49,22207,9184],{"class":458},[49,22209,14751],{"class":88},[49,22211,22212],{"class":458},"}",[49,22214,22215],{"class":67},": ",[49,22217,9184],{"class":458},[49,22219,338],{"class":88},[49,22221,22212],{"class":458},[49,22223,95],{"class":67},[49,22225,103],{"class":85},[20,22227,22228],{},[666,22229,1974],{},[40,22231,22233],{"className":42,"code":22232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22234,22235,22244,22253],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22236,22237,22239,22241],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22238,7575],{"class":55},[49,22240,1197],{"class":85},[49,22242,22243],{"class":55}," Mia\n",[49,22245,22246,22248,22250],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,22247,19802],{"class":55},[49,22249,1197],{"class":85},[49,22251,22252],{"class":55}," A\n",[49,22254,22255,22257,22259],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,22256,9205],{"class":55},[49,22258,1197],{"class":85},[49,22260,22261],{"class":458}," 14\n",[20,22263,22264],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[40,22266,22268],{"className":42,"code":22267,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22269,22270,22322,22326,22338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22271,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22273,12771],{"class":55},[49,22275,60],{"class":59},[49,22277,10398],{"class":85},[49,22279,95],{"class":63},[49,22281,7575],{"class":67},[49,22283,95],{"class":63},[49,22285,1197],{"class":85},[49,22287,64],{"class":63},[49,22289,7830],{"class":67},[49,22291,95],{"class":63},[49,22293,341],{"class":85},[49,22295,64],{"class":63},[49,22297,19802],{"class":67},[49,22299,95],{"class":63},[49,22301,1197],{"class":85},[49,22303,64],{"class":63},[49,22305,22154],{"class":67},[49,22307,95],{"class":63},[49,22309,341],{"class":85},[49,22311,64],{"class":63},[49,22313,9205],{"class":67},[49,22315,95],{"class":63},[49,22317,1197],{"class":85},[49,22319,13767],{"class":458},[49,22321,9215],{"class":85},[49,22323,22324],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,22325,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,22327,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,22329,5865],{"class":1210},[49,22331,18119],{"class":55},[49,22333,3788],{"class":1210},[49,22335,12814],{"class":55},[49,22337,1226],{"class":85},[49,22339,22340,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,22341,1273],{"class":109},[49,22343,92],{"class":85},[49,22345,22203],{"class":1968},[49,22347,95],{"class":67},[49,22349,9184],{"class":458},[49,22351,14751],{"class":88},[49,22353,22212],{"class":458},[49,22355,22215],{"class":67},[49,22357,9184],{"class":458},[49,22359,13535],{"class":88},[49,22361,1256],{"class":85},[49,22363,14751],{"class":88},[49,22365,13182],{"class":85},[49,22367,22212],{"class":458},[49,22369,95],{"class":67},[49,22371,103],{"class":85},[20,22373,6416,22374,22377],{},[15,22375,22376],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22379,22380,22381,32],{},"For a full guide, see ",[820,22382,22384],{"href":22383},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[181,22386,22388],{"id":22387},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22390,22391],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[40,22393,22395],{"className":42,"code":22394,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22396,22397,22456,22460,22480,22484],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22398,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22434,22436,22438,22440,22443,22445,22447,22449,22452,22454],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22400,12984],{"class":55},[49,22402,60],{"class":59},[49,22404,10398],{"class":85},[49,22406,95],{"class":63},[49,22408,3985],{"class":67},[49,22410,95],{"class":63},[49,22412,1197],{"class":85},[49,22414,64],{"class":63},[49,22416,13001],{"class":67},[49,22418,95],{"class":63},[49,22420,341],{"class":85},[49,22422,64],{"class":63},[49,22424,230],{"class":67},[49,22426,95],{"class":63},[49,22428,1197],{"class":85},[49,22430,64],{"class":63},[49,22432,22433],{"class":67},"yellow",[49,22435,95],{"class":63},[49,22437,341],{"class":85},[49,22439,64],{"class":63},[49,22441,22442],{"class":67},"grape",[49,22444,95],{"class":63},[49,22446,1197],{"class":85},[49,22448,64],{"class":63},[49,22450,22451],{"class":67},"purple",[49,22453,95],{"class":63},[49,22455,9215],{"class":85},[49,22457,22458],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,22459,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,22461,22462,22465,22467,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,22463,22464],{"class":55},"pairs_list ",[49,22466,60],{"class":59},[49,22468,22469],{"class":2804}," list",[49,22471,92],{"class":85},[49,22473,17412],{"class":88},[49,22475,32],{"class":85},[49,22477,7718],{"class":88},[49,22479,7100],{"class":85},[49,22481,22482],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,22483,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,22485,22486,22488,22490,22493],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,22487,110],{"class":109},[49,22489,92],{"class":85},[49,22491,22492],{"class":88},"pairs_list",[49,22494,103],{"class":85},[20,22496,22497],{},[666,22498,1974],{},[40,22500,22502],{"className":42,"code":22501,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22503,22504],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22505,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556,22558],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22507,21650],{"class":85},[49,22509,1573],{"class":63},[49,22511,3985],{"class":67},[49,22513,1573],{"class":63},[49,22515,341],{"class":85},[49,22517,3202],{"class":63},[49,22519,13001],{"class":67},[49,22521,1573],{"class":63},[49,22523,9139],{"class":85},[49,22525,9142],{"class":85},[49,22527,1573],{"class":63},[49,22529,230],{"class":67},[49,22531,1573],{"class":63},[49,22533,341],{"class":85},[49,22535,3202],{"class":63},[49,22537,22433],{"class":67},[49,22539,1573],{"class":63},[49,22541,9139],{"class":85},[49,22543,9142],{"class":85},[49,22545,1573],{"class":63},[49,22547,22442],{"class":67},[49,22549,1573],{"class":63},[49,22551,341],{"class":85},[49,22553,3202],{"class":63},[49,22555,22451],{"class":67},[49,22557,1573],{"class":63},[49,22559,9155],{"class":85},[20,22561,22562],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22564,22565],{},"Use this when:",[194,22567,22568,22571,22574],{},[197,22569,22570],{},"You want clearer printed output",[197,22572,22573],{},"You need list behavior",[197,22575,22576],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[181,22578,22580,983,22582,983,22584],{"id":22579},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22581,16989],{},[15,22583,16977],{},[15,22585,16983],{},[20,22587,22588],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[194,22590,22591,22596,22601],{},[197,22592,22593,22595],{},[15,22594,16989],{}," gives both key and value",[197,22597,22598,22600],{},[15,22599,16977],{}," gives only keys",[197,22602,22603,22605],{},[15,22604,16983],{}," gives only values",[20,22607,214],{},[40,22609,22611],{"className":42,"code":22610,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22612,22613,22649,22653,22671,22689],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22614,22615,22617,22619,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22616,13113],{"class":55},[49,22618,60],{"class":59},[49,22620,10398],{"class":85},[49,22622,95],{"class":63},[49,22624,7575],{"class":67},[49,22626,95],{"class":63},[49,22628,1197],{"class":85},[49,22630,64],{"class":63},[49,22632,12788],{"class":67},[49,22634,95],{"class":63},[49,22636,341],{"class":85},[49,22638,64],{"class":63},[49,22640,9205],{"class":67},[49,22642,95],{"class":63},[49,22644,1197],{"class":85},[49,22646,9212],{"class":458},[49,22648,9215],{"class":85},[49,22650,22651],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,22652,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,22654,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,22656,110],{"class":109},[49,22658,92],{"class":85},[49,22660,8002],{"class":2804},[49,22662,92],{"class":85},[49,22664,17218],{"class":88},[49,22666,32],{"class":85},[49,22668,16835],{"class":88},[49,22670,6197],{"class":85},[49,22672,22673,22675,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,22674,110],{"class":109},[49,22676,92],{"class":85},[49,22678,8002],{"class":2804},[49,22680,92],{"class":85},[49,22682,17218],{"class":88},[49,22684,32],{"class":85},[49,22686,5266],{"class":88},[49,22688,6197],{"class":85},[49,22690,22691,22693,22695,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,22692,110],{"class":109},[49,22694,92],{"class":85},[49,22696,8002],{"class":2804},[49,22698,92],{"class":85},[49,22700,17218],{"class":88},[49,22702,32],{"class":85},[49,22704,7718],{"class":88},[49,22706,6197],{"class":85},[20,22708,22709],{},[666,22710,1974],{},[40,22712,22714],{"className":42,"code":22713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22715,22716,22736,22752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22717,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22719,1256],{"class":85},[49,22721,1573],{"class":63},[49,22723,7575],{"class":67},[49,22725,1573],{"class":63},[49,22727,341],{"class":85},[49,22729,3202],{"class":63},[49,22731,9205],{"class":67},[49,22733,1573],{"class":63},[49,22735,1244],{"class":85},[49,22737,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,22739,1256],{"class":85},[49,22741,1573],{"class":63},[49,22743,12788],{"class":67},[49,22745,1573],{"class":63},[49,22747,341],{"class":85},[49,22749,9212],{"class":458},[49,22751,1244],{"class":85},[49,22753,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,22755,21650],{"class":85},[49,22757,1573],{"class":63},[49,22759,7575],{"class":67},[49,22761,1573],{"class":63},[49,22763,341],{"class":85},[49,22765,3202],{"class":63},[49,22767,12788],{"class":67},[49,22769,1573],{"class":63},[49,22771,9139],{"class":85},[49,22773,9142],{"class":85},[49,22775,1573],{"class":63},[49,22777,9205],{"class":67},[49,22779,1573],{"class":63},[49,22781,341],{"class":85},[49,22783,9212],{"class":458},[49,22785,9155],{"class":85},[20,22787,22788],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[194,22790,22791,22799,22807],{},[197,22792,22793,22794],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[820,22795,22797],{"href":22796},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22798,16977],{},[197,22800,22801,22802],{},"Need just values? Use ",[820,22803,22805],{"href":22804},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22806,16983],{},[197,22808,22809,22810],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22811,16989],{},[181,22813,4868,22815],{"id":22814},"when-to-use-items",[15,22816,16989],{},[20,22818,22819,22821],{},[15,22820,16989],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[194,22823,22824,22827,22830,22833,22836],{},[197,22825,22826],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[197,22828,22829],{},"Building formatted output",[197,22831,22832],{},"Looping through settings and values",[197,22834,22835],{},"Showing names with scores",[197,22837,22838],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22840,214],{},[40,22842,22844],{"className":42,"code":22843,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22845,22846,22854,22872,22891,22903,22907,22911,22932],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22847,22848,22850,22852],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22849,13735],{"class":55},[49,22851,60],{"class":59},[49,22853,11399],{"class":85},[49,22855,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,22857,11404],{"class":63},[49,22859,12402],{"class":67},[49,22861,95],{"class":63},[49,22863,1197],{"class":85},[49,22865,64],{"class":63},[49,22867,12411],{"class":67},[49,22869,95],{"class":63},[49,22871,11420],{"class":85},[49,22873,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882,22884,22887,22889],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,22875,11404],{"class":63},[49,22877,20034],{"class":67},[49,22879,95],{"class":63},[49,22881,1197],{"class":85},[49,22883,64],{"class":63},[49,22885,22886],{"class":67},"English",[49,22888,95],{"class":63},[49,22890,11420],{"class":85},[49,22892,22893,22895,22897,22899,22901],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,22894,11404],{"class":63},[49,22896,18435],{"class":67},[49,22898,95],{"class":63},[49,22900,1197],{"class":85},[49,22902,6329],{"class":3757},[49,22904,22905],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,22906,9215],{"class":85},[49,22908,22909],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,22910,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,22912,22913,22915,22918,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,22914,5865],{"class":1210},[49,22916,22917],{"class":55}," setting",[49,22919,341],{"class":85},[49,22921,21494],{"class":55},[49,22923,3788],{"class":1210},[49,22925,13779],{"class":55},[49,22927,32],{"class":85},[49,22929,7718],{"class":88},[49,22931,21505],{"class":85},[49,22933,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22947,22949,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,22935,1273],{"class":109},[49,22937,92],{"class":85},[49,22939,22203],{"class":1968},[49,22941,95],{"class":67},[49,22943,9184],{"class":458},[49,22945,22946],{"class":88},"setting",[49,22948,22212],{"class":458},[49,22950,22951],{"class":67}," = ",[49,22953,9184],{"class":458},[49,22955,338],{"class":88},[49,22957,22212],{"class":458},[49,22959,95],{"class":67},[49,22961,103],{"class":85},[20,22963,22964],{},[666,22965,1974],{},[40,22967,22969],{"className":42,"code":22968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22970,22971,22981,22991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,22972,22973,22976,22978],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,22974,22975],{"class":55},"theme ",[49,22977,60],{"class":59},[49,22979,22980],{"class":55}," dark\n",[49,22982,22983,22986,22988],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,22984,22985],{"class":55},"language ",[49,22987,60],{"class":59},[49,22989,22990],{"class":55}," English\n",[49,22992,22993,22996,22998],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,22994,22995],{"class":55},"notifications ",[49,22997,60],{"class":59},[49,22999,6329],{"class":3757},[181,23001,1308],{"id":1307},[20,23003,23004,23005,32],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23006,16989],{},[353,23008,23010,23011,23013],{"id":23009},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23012,16989],{}," incorrectly",[20,23015,23016,23017,23019,23020,23023],{},"Each result from ",[15,23018,16989],{}," has ",[666,23021,23022],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23025,6594],{},[40,23027,23028],{"className":42,"code":21440,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,23029,23030,23066,23070,23090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23031,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23033,13113],{"class":55},[49,23035,60],{"class":59},[49,23037,10398],{"class":85},[49,23039,95],{"class":63},[49,23041,7575],{"class":67},[49,23043,95],{"class":63},[49,23045,1197],{"class":85},[49,23047,64],{"class":63},[49,23049,12788],{"class":67},[49,23051,95],{"class":63},[49,23053,341],{"class":85},[49,23055,64],{"class":63},[49,23057,9205],{"class":67},[49,23059,95],{"class":63},[49,23061,1197],{"class":85},[49,23063,9212],{"class":458},[49,23065,9215],{"class":85},[49,23067,23068],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23069,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,23071,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,23073,5865],{"class":1210},[49,23075,21489],{"class":55},[49,23077,341],{"class":85},[49,23079,21494],{"class":55},[49,23081,3788],{"class":1210},[49,23083,13156],{"class":55},[49,23085,32],{"class":85},[49,23087,7718],{"class":88},[49,23089,21505],{"class":85},[49,23091,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100,23102],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,23093,1273],{"class":109},[49,23095,92],{"class":85},[49,23097,14751],{"class":88},[49,23099,341],{"class":85},[49,23101,8341],{"class":88},[49,23103,103],{"class":85},[20,23105,23106],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[40,23108,23110],{"className":42,"code":23109,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23111,23112,23148,23152,23168],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23113,23114,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23115,13113],{"class":55},[49,23117,60],{"class":59},[49,23119,10398],{"class":85},[49,23121,95],{"class":63},[49,23123,7575],{"class":67},[49,23125,95],{"class":63},[49,23127,1197],{"class":85},[49,23129,64],{"class":63},[49,23131,12788],{"class":67},[49,23133,95],{"class":63},[49,23135,341],{"class":85},[49,23137,64],{"class":63},[49,23139,9205],{"class":67},[49,23141,95],{"class":63},[49,23143,1197],{"class":85},[49,23145,9212],{"class":458},[49,23147,9215],{"class":85},[49,23149,23150],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23151,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,23153,23154,23156,23158,23160,23162,23164,23166],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,23155,5865],{"class":1210},[49,23157,18119],{"class":55},[49,23159,3788],{"class":1210},[49,23161,13156],{"class":55},[49,23163,32],{"class":85},[49,23165,7718],{"class":88},[49,23167,21505],{"class":85},[49,23169,23170,23172,23174,23176],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,23171,1273],{"class":109},[49,23173,92],{"class":85},[49,23175,14751],{"class":88},[49,23177,103],{"class":85},[20,23179,23180,23181,23183,23184,23187],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23182,14751],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23185,23186],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23189,23190],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[40,23192,23194],{"className":42,"code":23193,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23195,23196,23212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23197,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23199,5865],{"class":1210},[49,23201,5868],{"class":55},[49,23203,3788],{"class":1210},[49,23205,13156],{"class":55},[49,23207,32],{"class":85},[49,23209,7718],{"class":88},[49,23211,21505],{"class":85},[49,23213,23214,23216,23218,23221],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23215,1273],{"class":109},[49,23217,92],{"class":85},[49,23219,23220],{"class":88},"item",[49,23222,103],{"class":85},[20,23224,23225],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[40,23227,23229],{"className":42,"code":23228,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23230,23231,23251],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23232,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243,23245,23247,23249],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23234,5865],{"class":1210},[49,23236,21489],{"class":55},[49,23238,341],{"class":85},[49,23240,21494],{"class":55},[49,23242,3788],{"class":1210},[49,23244,13156],{"class":55},[49,23246,32],{"class":85},[49,23248,7718],{"class":88},[49,23250,21505],{"class":85},[49,23252,23253,23255,23257,23259,23261,23263],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23254,1273],{"class":109},[49,23256,92],{"class":85},[49,23258,14751],{"class":88},[49,23260,341],{"class":85},[49,23262,8341],{"class":88},[49,23264,103],{"class":85},[353,23266,1318,23268,23270],{"id":23267},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23269,16989],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23272,23273,21885,23275,23277],{},[15,23274,16989],{},[15,23276,21818],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23279,23280],{},"Check it:",[40,23282,23284],{"className":42,"code":23283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23285,23286,23318,23322,23336,23354],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23287,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23289,11631],{"class":55},[49,23291,60],{"class":59},[49,23293,10398],{"class":85},[49,23295,95],{"class":63},[49,23297,820],{"class":67},[49,23299,95],{"class":63},[49,23301,1197],{"class":85},[49,23303,1264],{"class":458},[49,23305,341],{"class":85},[49,23307,64],{"class":63},[49,23309,4667],{"class":67},[49,23311,95],{"class":63},[49,23313,1197],{"class":85},[49,23315,2896],{"class":458},[49,23317,9215],{"class":85},[49,23319,23320],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23321,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,23323,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,23325,110],{"class":109},[49,23327,92],{"class":85},[49,23329,11355],{"class":88},[49,23331,32],{"class":85},[49,23333,7718],{"class":88},[49,23335,7100],{"class":85},[49,23337,23338,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,23339,110],{"class":109},[49,23341,92],{"class":85},[49,23343,3127],{"class":2804},[49,23345,92],{"class":85},[49,23347,11355],{"class":88},[49,23349,32],{"class":85},[49,23351,7718],{"class":88},[49,23353,6197],{"class":85},[49,23355,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,23357,110],{"class":109},[49,23359,92],{"class":85},[49,23361,8002],{"class":2804},[49,23363,92],{"class":85},[49,23365,11355],{"class":88},[49,23367,32],{"class":85},[49,23369,7718],{"class":88},[49,23371,6197],{"class":85},[20,23373,23374],{},[666,23375,1974],{},[40,23377,23379],{"className":42,"code":23378,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23380,23381,23413,23427],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23382,23383,23385,23387,23389,23391,23393,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23384,21818],{"class":88},[49,23386,9564],{"class":85},[49,23388,1573],{"class":63},[49,23390,820],{"class":67},[49,23392,1573],{"class":63},[49,23394,341],{"class":85},[49,23396,1264],{"class":458},[49,23398,9139],{"class":85},[49,23400,9142],{"class":85},[49,23402,1573],{"class":63},[49,23404,4667],{"class":67},[49,23406,1573],{"class":63},[49,23408,341],{"class":85},[49,23410,2896],{"class":458},[49,23412,10586],{"class":85},[49,23414,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23416,3196],{"class":59},[49,23418,3199],{"class":1968},[49,23420,3202],{"class":63},[49,23422,21818],{"class":67},[49,23424,1573],{"class":63},[49,23426,3209],{"class":59},[49,23428,23429,23431,23433,23435,23437,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451,23453,23455],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,23430,21650],{"class":85},[49,23432,1573],{"class":63},[49,23434,820],{"class":67},[49,23436,1573],{"class":63},[49,23438,341],{"class":85},[49,23440,1264],{"class":458},[49,23442,9139],{"class":85},[49,23444,9142],{"class":85},[49,23446,1573],{"class":63},[49,23448,4667],{"class":67},[49,23450,1573],{"class":63},[49,23452,341],{"class":85},[49,23454,2896],{"class":458},[49,23456,9155],{"class":85},[353,23458,23460,23461],{"id":23459},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23462,16989],{},[20,23464,23465],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23467,23468],{},"Problem example:",[40,23470,23472],{"className":42,"code":23471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23473,23474,23518,23522,23542,23554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23475,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502,23504,23506,23508,23510,23512,23514,23516],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23477,3525],{"class":55},[49,23479,60],{"class":59},[49,23481,10398],{"class":85},[49,23483,95],{"class":63},[49,23485,820],{"class":67},[49,23487,95],{"class":63},[49,23489,1197],{"class":85},[49,23491,1264],{"class":458},[49,23493,341],{"class":85},[49,23495,64],{"class":63},[49,23497,4667],{"class":67},[49,23499,95],{"class":63},[49,23501,1197],{"class":85},[49,23503,2896],{"class":458},[49,23505,341],{"class":85},[49,23507,64],{"class":63},[49,23509,9646],{"class":67},[49,23511,95],{"class":63},[49,23513,1197],{"class":85},[49,23515,2354],{"class":458},[49,23517,9215],{"class":85},[49,23519,23520],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23521,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,23523,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,23525,5865],{"class":1210},[49,23527,21489],{"class":55},[49,23529,341],{"class":85},[49,23531,21494],{"class":55},[49,23533,3788],{"class":1210},[49,23535,4169],{"class":55},[49,23537,32],{"class":85},[49,23539,7718],{"class":88},[49,23541,21505],{"class":85},[49,23543,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,23545,6305],{"class":1210},[49,23547,21494],{"class":55},[49,23549,4594],{"class":59},[49,23551,2896],{"class":458},[49,23553,1226],{"class":85},[49,23555,23556,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,23557,23558],{"class":55},"        numbers",[49,23560,1256],{"class":85},[49,23562,95],{"class":63},[49,23564,18678],{"class":67},[49,23566,95],{"class":63},[49,23568,13182],{"class":85},[49,23570,13185],{"class":59},[49,23572,23573],{"class":458}," 4\n",[20,23575,23576],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23578,23579],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[40,23581,23583],{"className":42,"code":23582,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23584,23585,23629,23633,23658,23670,23688,23692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23586,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23588,3525],{"class":55},[49,23590,60],{"class":59},[49,23592,10398],{"class":85},[49,23594,95],{"class":63},[49,23596,820],{"class":67},[49,23598,95],{"class":63},[49,23600,1197],{"class":85},[49,23602,1264],{"class":458},[49,23604,341],{"class":85},[49,23606,64],{"class":63},[49,23608,4667],{"class":67},[49,23610,95],{"class":63},[49,23612,1197],{"class":85},[49,23614,2896],{"class":458},[49,23616,341],{"class":85},[49,23618,64],{"class":63},[49,23620,9646],{"class":67},[49,23622,95],{"class":63},[49,23624,1197],{"class":85},[49,23626,2354],{"class":458},[49,23628,9215],{"class":85},[49,23630,23631],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23632,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,23634,23635,23637,23639,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651,23653,23655],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,23636,5865],{"class":1210},[49,23638,21489],{"class":55},[49,23640,341],{"class":85},[49,23642,21494],{"class":55},[49,23644,3788],{"class":1210},[49,23646,22469],{"class":2804},[49,23648,92],{"class":85},[49,23650,3556],{"class":88},[49,23652,32],{"class":85},[49,23654,7718],{"class":88},[49,23656,23657],{"class":85},"()):\n",[49,23659,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,23661,6305],{"class":1210},[49,23663,21494],{"class":55},[49,23665,4594],{"class":59},[49,23667,2896],{"class":458},[49,23669,1226],{"class":85},[49,23671,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,23673,23558],{"class":55},[49,23675,1256],{"class":85},[49,23677,95],{"class":63},[49,23679,18678],{"class":67},[49,23681,95],{"class":63},[49,23683,13182],{"class":85},[49,23685,13185],{"class":59},[49,23687,23573],{"class":458},[49,23689,23690],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,23691,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,23693,23694,23696,23698,23700],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,23695,110],{"class":109},[49,23697,92],{"class":85},[49,23699,3556],{"class":88},[49,23701,103],{"class":85},[353,23703,23705],{"id":23704},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23707,23708],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[40,23710,23712],{"className":42,"code":23711,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23713,23714,23746,23750,23766],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23715,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23717,9071],{"class":55},[49,23719,60],{"class":59},[49,23721,10398],{"class":85},[49,23723,95],{"class":63},[49,23725,283],{"class":67},[49,23727,95],{"class":63},[49,23729,1197],{"class":85},[49,23731,5911],{"class":458},[49,23733,341],{"class":85},[49,23735,64],{"class":63},[49,23737,11652],{"class":67},[49,23739,95],{"class":63},[49,23741,1197],{"class":85},[49,23743,7698],{"class":458},[49,23745,9215],{"class":85},[49,23747,23748],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23749,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,23751,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,23753,5865],{"class":1210},[49,23755,5868],{"class":55},[49,23757,3788],{"class":1210},[49,23759,14476],{"class":55},[49,23761,32],{"class":85},[49,23763,7718],{"class":88},[49,23765,21505],{"class":85},[49,23767,23768,23770,23772,23774],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,23769,1273],{"class":109},[49,23771,92],{"class":85},[49,23773,23220],{"class":88},[49,23775,103],{"class":85},[20,23777,23778],{},[666,23779,1974],{},[40,23781,23783],{"className":42,"code":23782,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23784,23785,23801],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23786,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23788,92],{"class":85},[49,23790,1573],{"class":63},[49,23792,283],{"class":67},[49,23794,1573],{"class":63},[49,23796,341],{"class":85},[49,23798,5911],{"class":458},[49,23800,103],{"class":85},[49,23802,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23804,92],{"class":85},[49,23806,1573],{"class":63},[49,23808,11652],{"class":67},[49,23810,1573],{"class":63},[49,23812,341],{"class":85},[49,23814,7698],{"class":458},[49,23816,103],{"class":85},[20,23818,23819,23820,23822],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23821,21565],{}," pair.",[181,23824,1704],{"id":1703},[353,23826,23828,23829,5053],{"id":23827},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23830,16989],{},[20,23832,17331,23833,23835],{},[15,23834,21818],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[353,23837,1720,23839,23841],{"id":23838},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23840,16989],{}," return a list?",[20,23843,23844,23845,23848],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23846,23847],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[353,23850,23852,23853,2394],{"id":23851},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23854,16989],{},[20,23856,23857],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[40,23859,23861],{"className":42,"code":23860,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23862,23863,23883],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,23864,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,23866,5865],{"class":1210},[49,23868,21489],{"class":55},[49,23870,341],{"class":85},[49,23872,21494],{"class":55},[49,23874,3788],{"class":1210},[49,23876,11673],{"class":55},[49,23878,32],{"class":85},[49,23880,7718],{"class":88},[49,23882,21505],{"class":85},[49,23884,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,23886,1273],{"class":109},[49,23888,92],{"class":85},[49,23890,14751],{"class":88},[49,23892,341],{"class":85},[49,23894,8341],{"class":88},[49,23896,103],{"class":85},[353,23898,1720,23900,23902],{"id":23899},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23901,16989],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23904,23905],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[181,23907,1775],{"id":1774},[194,23909,23910,23916,23922,23927,23931],{},[197,23911,23912],{},[820,23913,10644,23914,1785],{"href":22796},[15,23915,16977],{},[197,23917,23918],{},[820,23919,10644,23920,1785],{"href":22804},[15,23921,16983],{},[197,23923,23924],{},[820,23925,23926],{"href":22383},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[197,23928,23929],{},[820,23930,9061],{"href":12931},[197,23932,23933],{},[820,23934,23935],{"href":21688},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1834,23937,23938],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":23940},[23941,23942,23944,23945,23946,23948,23949,23951,23953,23962,23972],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":21548,"depth":74,"text":23943},"What items() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":21879,"depth":74,"text":21880},{"id":22104,"depth":74,"text":23947},"Looping with items()",{"id":22387,"depth":74,"text":22388},{"id":22579,"depth":74,"text":23950},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22814,"depth":74,"text":23952},"When to use items()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":23954},[23955,23957,23959,23961],{"id":23009,"depth":106,"text":23956},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23267,"depth":106,"text":23958},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23459,"depth":106,"text":23960},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23704,"depth":106,"text":23705},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":23963},[23964,23966,23968,23970],{"id":23827,"depth":106,"text":23965},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23838,"depth":106,"text":23967},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23851,"depth":106,"text":23969},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23899,"depth":106,"text":23971},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21416,"description":23973},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23980,"title":23981,"body":23982,"description":26071,"extension":1866,"meta":26072,"navigation":128,"path":22796,"seo":26073,"stem":26074,"__hash__":26075},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23983,"toc":26037},[23984,23989,23995,23998,24009,24016,24018,24101,24105,24152,24157,24162,24167,24169,24185,24187,24286,24290,24347,24350,24352,24355,24448,24452,24515,24518,24534,24539,24541,24543,24558,24560,24571,24573,24616,24619,24663,24666,24668,24675,24678,24695,24697,24790,24794,24835,24847,24851,24854,24942,24946,24966,24969,24996,25003,25008,25012,25023,25025,25129,25133,25159,25162,25229,25234,25237,25260,25265,25269,25274,25280,25285,25287,25342,25346,25373,25380,25386,25389,25414,25420,25446,25449,25524,25531,25536,25538,25577,25594,25598,25601,25644,25647,25649,25668,25670,25675,25700,25703,25773,25776,25849,25853,25855,25916,25919,25935,25937,25942,25947,25954,25963,25969,25975,25982,25988,25992,25997,25999,26034],[10,23985,11225,23987,18],{"id":23986},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23988,16977],{},[20,23990,23991,23992,23994],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23993,16977],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23996,23997],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[194,23999,24000,24003,24006],{},[197,24001,24002],{},"view the available keys",[197,24004,24005],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[197,24007,24008],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24010,24011,24013,24014,32],{},[15,24012,16977],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24015,16926],{},[181,24017,1907],{"id":1906},[40,24019,24021],{"className":42,"code":24020,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24022,24023,24059,24073,24077,24087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24024,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24026,12771],{"class":55},[49,24028,60],{"class":59},[49,24030,10398],{"class":85},[49,24032,95],{"class":63},[49,24034,7575],{"class":67},[49,24036,95],{"class":63},[49,24038,1197],{"class":85},[49,24040,64],{"class":63},[49,24042,12788],{"class":67},[49,24044,95],{"class":63},[49,24046,341],{"class":85},[49,24048,64],{"class":63},[49,24050,9205],{"class":67},[49,24052,95],{"class":63},[49,24054,1197],{"class":85},[49,24056,7698],{"class":458},[49,24058,9215],{"class":85},[49,24060,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24062,17153],{"class":55},[49,24064,60],{"class":59},[49,24066,12814],{"class":55},[49,24068,32],{"class":85},[49,24070,16835],{"class":88},[49,24072,8548],{"class":85},[49,24074,24075],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,24076,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,24078,24079,24081,24083,24085],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,24080,110],{"class":109},[49,24082,92],{"class":85},[49,24084,16835],{"class":88},[49,24086,103],{"class":85},[49,24088,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,24090,110],{"class":109},[49,24092,92],{"class":85},[49,24094,8002],{"class":2804},[49,24096,92],{"class":85},[49,24098,16835],{"class":88},[49,24100,1581],{"class":85},[20,24102,24103],{},[666,24104,1974],{},[40,24106,24108],{"className":42,"code":24107,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24109,24110,24132],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24111,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24113,16926],{"class":88},[49,24115,2889],{"class":85},[49,24117,1573],{"class":63},[49,24119,7575],{"class":67},[49,24121,1573],{"class":63},[49,24123,341],{"class":85},[49,24125,3202],{"class":63},[49,24127,9205],{"class":67},[49,24129,1573],{"class":63},[49,24131,3794],{"class":85},[49,24133,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148,24150],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24135,1256],{"class":85},[49,24137,1573],{"class":63},[49,24139,7575],{"class":67},[49,24141,1573],{"class":63},[49,24143,341],{"class":85},[49,24145,3202],{"class":63},[49,24147,9205],{"class":67},[49,24149,1573],{"class":63},[49,24151,1244],{"class":85},[20,24153,35,24154,24156],{},[15,24155,16977],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[181,24158,184,24160,187],{"id":24159},"what-keys-does",[15,24161,16977],{},[20,24163,24164,24166],{},[15,24165,16977],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24168,11364],{},[194,24170,24171,24174,24177,24182],{},[197,24172,24173],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[197,24175,24176],{},"It does not need any arguments",[197,24178,17331,24179,24181],{},[15,24180,16926],{}," view object, not a list",[197,24183,24184],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24186,214],{},[40,24188,24190],{"className":42,"code":24189,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24191,24192,24228,24232,24246,24250,24272],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24193,24194,24196,24198,24200,24202,24204,24206,24208,24210,24212,24214,24216,24218,24220,24222,24224,24226],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24195,13113],{"class":55},[49,24197,60],{"class":59},[49,24199,10398],{"class":85},[49,24201,95],{"class":63},[49,24203,7575],{"class":67},[49,24205,95],{"class":63},[49,24207,1197],{"class":85},[49,24209,64],{"class":63},[49,24211,13130],{"class":67},[49,24213,95],{"class":63},[49,24215,341],{"class":85},[49,24217,64],{"class":63},[49,24219,9205],{"class":67},[49,24221,95],{"class":63},[49,24223,1197],{"class":85},[49,24225,9212],{"class":458},[49,24227,9215],{"class":85},[49,24229,24230],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24231,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,24233,24234,24236,24238,24240,24242,24244],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,24235,110],{"class":109},[49,24237,92],{"class":85},[49,24239,17218],{"class":88},[49,24241,32],{"class":85},[49,24243,16835],{"class":88},[49,24245,7100],{"class":85},[49,24247,24248],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,24249,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,24251,24252,24254,24256,24258,24260,24262,24264,24266,24268,24270],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,24253,17218],{"class":55},[49,24255,1256],{"class":85},[49,24257,95],{"class":63},[49,24259,10316],{"class":67},[49,24261,95],{"class":63},[49,24263,13182],{"class":85},[49,24265,13185],{"class":59},[49,24267,64],{"class":63},[49,24269,10323],{"class":67},[49,24271,71],{"class":63},[49,24273,24274,24276,24278,24280,24282,24284],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,24275,110],{"class":109},[49,24277,92],{"class":85},[49,24279,17218],{"class":88},[49,24281,32],{"class":85},[49,24283,16835],{"class":88},[49,24285,7100],{"class":85},[20,24287,24288],{},[666,24289,1974],{},[40,24291,24293],{"className":42,"code":24292,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24294,24295,24317],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24296,24297,24299,24301,24303,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24298,16926],{"class":88},[49,24300,2889],{"class":85},[49,24302,1573],{"class":63},[49,24304,7575],{"class":67},[49,24306,1573],{"class":63},[49,24308,341],{"class":85},[49,24310,3202],{"class":63},[49,24312,9205],{"class":67},[49,24314,1573],{"class":63},[49,24316,3794],{"class":85},[49,24318,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24320,16926],{"class":88},[49,24322,2889],{"class":85},[49,24324,1573],{"class":63},[49,24326,7575],{"class":67},[49,24328,1573],{"class":63},[49,24330,341],{"class":85},[49,24332,3202],{"class":63},[49,24334,9205],{"class":67},[49,24336,1573],{"class":63},[49,24338,341],{"class":85},[49,24340,3202],{"class":63},[49,24342,10316],{"class":67},[49,24344,1573],{"class":63},[49,24346,3794],{"class":85},[20,24348,24349],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[181,24351,5694],{"id":5693},[20,24353,24354],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[40,24356,24358],{"className":42,"code":24357,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24359,24360,24412,24416,24430],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24361,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376,24378,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24363,9071],{"class":55},[49,24365,60],{"class":59},[49,24367,10398],{"class":85},[49,24369,95],{"class":63},[49,24371,7575],{"class":67},[49,24373,95],{"class":63},[49,24375,1197],{"class":85},[49,24377,64],{"class":63},[49,24379,12788],{"class":67},[49,24381,95],{"class":63},[49,24383,341],{"class":85},[49,24385,64],{"class":63},[49,24387,9205],{"class":67},[49,24389,95],{"class":63},[49,24391,1197],{"class":85},[49,24393,7698],{"class":458},[49,24395,341],{"class":85},[49,24397,64],{"class":63},[49,24399,19802],{"class":67},[49,24401,95],{"class":63},[49,24403,1197],{"class":85},[49,24405,64],{"class":63},[49,24407,22154],{"class":67},[49,24409,95],{"class":63},[49,24411,9215],{"class":85},[49,24413,24414],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24415,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,24417,24418,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,24419,110],{"class":109},[49,24421,92],{"class":85},[49,24423,9110],{"class":88},[49,24425,32],{"class":85},[49,24427,16835],{"class":88},[49,24429,7100],{"class":85},[49,24431,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,24433,110],{"class":109},[49,24435,92],{"class":85},[49,24437,8002],{"class":2804},[49,24439,92],{"class":85},[49,24441,9110],{"class":88},[49,24443,32],{"class":85},[49,24445,16835],{"class":88},[49,24447,6197],{"class":85},[20,24449,24450],{},[666,24451,1974],{},[40,24453,24455],{"className":42,"code":24454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24456,24457,24487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24458,24459,24461,24463,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475,24477,24479,24481,24483,24485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24460,16926],{"class":88},[49,24462,2889],{"class":85},[49,24464,1573],{"class":63},[49,24466,7575],{"class":67},[49,24468,1573],{"class":63},[49,24470,341],{"class":85},[49,24472,3202],{"class":63},[49,24474,9205],{"class":67},[49,24476,1573],{"class":63},[49,24478,341],{"class":85},[49,24480,3202],{"class":63},[49,24482,19802],{"class":67},[49,24484,1573],{"class":63},[49,24486,3794],{"class":85},[49,24488,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501,24503,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24490,1256],{"class":85},[49,24492,1573],{"class":63},[49,24494,7575],{"class":67},[49,24496,1573],{"class":63},[49,24498,341],{"class":85},[49,24500,3202],{"class":63},[49,24502,9205],{"class":67},[49,24504,1573],{"class":63},[49,24506,341],{"class":85},[49,24508,3202],{"class":63},[49,24510,19802],{"class":67},[49,24512,1573],{"class":63},[49,24514,1244],{"class":85},[20,24516,24517],{},"This shows two things:",[194,24519,24520,24528],{},[197,24521,24522,21885,24525,24527],{},[15,24523,24524],{},"data.keys()",[15,24526,16926],{}," object",[197,24529,24530,24533],{},[15,24531,24532],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24535,9057,24536,32],{},[820,24537,24538],{"href":9297},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[181,24540,5338],{"id":5337},[20,24542,319],{},[40,24544,24546],{"className":42,"code":24545,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24547,24548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24549,24550,24552,24554,24556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24551,11355],{"class":55},[49,24553,32],{"class":85},[49,24555,16835],{"class":88},[49,24557,8548],{"class":85},[20,24559,21710],{},[194,24561,24562,24565,24568],{},[197,24563,24564],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[197,24566,24567],{},"It takes no parameters",[197,24569,24570],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24572,16567],{},[40,24574,24576],{"className":42,"code":24575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24577,24578,24602],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24579,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24581,12771],{"class":55},[49,24583,60],{"class":59},[49,24585,10398],{"class":85},[49,24587,95],{"class":63},[49,24589,7575],{"class":67},[49,24591,95],{"class":63},[49,24593,1197],{"class":85},[49,24595,64],{"class":63},[49,24597,12788],{"class":67},[49,24599,95],{"class":63},[49,24601,9215],{"class":85},[49,24603,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24605,110],{"class":109},[49,24607,92],{"class":85},[49,24609,13535],{"class":88},[49,24611,32],{"class":85},[49,24613,16835],{"class":88},[49,24615,7100],{"class":85},[20,24617,24618],{},"Incorrect:",[40,24620,24622],{"className":42,"code":24621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24623,24624,24648],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24625,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636,24638,24640,24642,24644,24646],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24627,12771],{"class":55},[49,24629,60],{"class":59},[49,24631,10398],{"class":85},[49,24633,95],{"class":63},[49,24635,7575],{"class":67},[49,24637,95],{"class":63},[49,24639,1197],{"class":85},[49,24641,64],{"class":63},[49,24643,12788],{"class":67},[49,24645,95],{"class":63},[49,24647,9215],{"class":85},[49,24649,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24661],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24651,110],{"class":109},[49,24653,92],{"class":85},[49,24655,13535],{"class":88},[49,24657,32],{"class":85},[49,24659,16835],{"class":24660},"skxfh",[49,24662,103],{"class":85},[20,24664,24665],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[181,24667,17328],{"id":17327},[20,24669,24670,21885,24672,24674],{},[15,24671,16977],{},[15,24673,16926],{}," object.",[20,24676,24677],{},"This object:",[194,24679,24680,24683,24686,24692],{},[197,24681,24682],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[197,24684,24685],{},"can be used in a loop",[197,24687,24688,24689],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24690,24691],{},"list()",[197,24693,24694],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24696,214],{},[40,24698,24700],{"className":42,"code":24699,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24701,24702,24743,24747,24762,24766,24776],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24703,24704,24707,24709,24711,24713,24716,24718,24720,24722,24725,24727,24729,24731,24734,24736,24738,24741],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24705,24706],{"class":55},"car ",[49,24708,60],{"class":59},[49,24710,10398],{"class":85},[49,24712,95],{"class":63},[49,24714,24715],{"class":67},"brand",[49,24717,95],{"class":63},[49,24719,1197],{"class":85},[49,24721,64],{"class":63},[49,24723,24724],{"class":67},"Toyota",[49,24726,95],{"class":63},[49,24728,341],{"class":85},[49,24730,64],{"class":63},[49,24732,24733],{"class":67},"year",[49,24735,95],{"class":63},[49,24737,1197],{"class":85},[49,24739,24740],{"class":458}," 2020",[49,24742,9215],{"class":85},[49,24744,24745],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24746,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,24748,24749,24751,24753,24756,24758,24760],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,24750,2131],{"class":55},[49,24752,60],{"class":59},[49,24754,24755],{"class":55}," car",[49,24757,32],{"class":85},[49,24759,16835],{"class":88},[49,24761,8548],{"class":85},[49,24763,24764],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,24765,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,24767,24768,24770,24772,24774],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,24769,110],{"class":109},[49,24771,92],{"class":85},[49,24773,2166],{"class":88},[49,24775,103],{"class":85},[49,24777,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,24779,110],{"class":109},[49,24781,92],{"class":85},[49,24783,3127],{"class":2804},[49,24785,92],{"class":85},[49,24787,2166],{"class":88},[49,24789,1581],{"class":85},[20,24791,24792],{},[666,24793,1974],{},[40,24795,24797],{"className":42,"code":24796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24798,24799,24821],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24800,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24802,16926],{"class":88},[49,24804,2889],{"class":85},[49,24806,1573],{"class":63},[49,24808,24715],{"class":67},[49,24810,1573],{"class":63},[49,24812,341],{"class":85},[49,24814,3202],{"class":63},[49,24816,24733],{"class":67},[49,24818,1573],{"class":63},[49,24820,3794],{"class":85},[49,24822,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831,24833],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24824,3196],{"class":59},[49,24826,3199],{"class":1968},[49,24828,3202],{"class":63},[49,24830,16926],{"class":67},[49,24832,1573],{"class":63},[49,24834,3209],{"class":59},[20,24836,24837,24838,24842,24843,32],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[820,24839,10644,24840,1785],{"href":16980},[15,24841,16983],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[820,24844,10644,24845,1785],{"href":16986},[15,24846,16989],{},[181,24848,24850],{"id":24849},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24852,24853],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[40,24855,24857],{"className":42,"code":24856,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24858,24859,24912,24916,24932],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24860,24861,24863,24865,24867,24869,24871,24873,24875,24877,24879,24881,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901,24903,24905,24908,24910],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24862,12771],{"class":55},[49,24864,60],{"class":59},[49,24866,10398],{"class":85},[49,24868,95],{"class":63},[49,24870,7575],{"class":67},[49,24872,95],{"class":63},[49,24874,1197],{"class":85},[49,24876,64],{"class":63},[49,24878,12788],{"class":67},[49,24880,95],{"class":63},[49,24882,341],{"class":85},[49,24884,64],{"class":63},[49,24886,9205],{"class":67},[49,24888,95],{"class":63},[49,24890,1197],{"class":85},[49,24892,7698],{"class":458},[49,24894,341],{"class":85},[49,24896,64],{"class":63},[49,24898,15239],{"class":67},[49,24900,95],{"class":63},[49,24902,1197],{"class":85},[49,24904,64],{"class":63},[49,24906,24907],{"class":67},"Math",[49,24909,95],{"class":63},[49,24911,9215],{"class":85},[49,24913,24914],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24915,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,24917,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,24919,5865],{"class":1210},[49,24921,18119],{"class":55},[49,24923,3788],{"class":1210},[49,24925,12814],{"class":55},[49,24927,32],{"class":85},[49,24929,16835],{"class":88},[49,24931,21505],{"class":85},[49,24933,24934,24936,24938,24940],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,24935,1273],{"class":109},[49,24937,92],{"class":85},[49,24939,14751],{"class":88},[49,24941,103],{"class":85},[20,24943,24944],{},[666,24945,1974],{},[40,24947,24949],{"className":42,"code":24948,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24950,24951,24956,24961],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24952,24953],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24954,24955],{"class":55},"name\n",[49,24957,24958],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24959,24960],{"class":55},"age\n",[49,24962,24963],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,24964,24965],{"class":55},"course\n",[20,24967,24968],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[40,24970,24972],{"className":42,"code":24971,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24973,24974,24986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,24975,24976,24978,24980,24982,24984],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,24977,5865],{"class":1210},[49,24979,18119],{"class":55},[49,24981,3788],{"class":1210},[49,24983,12814],{"class":55},[49,24985,1226],{"class":85},[49,24987,24988,24990,24992,24994],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,24989,1273],{"class":109},[49,24991,92],{"class":85},[49,24993,14751],{"class":88},[49,24995,103],{"class":85},[20,24997,24998,24999,25002],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25000,25001],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[181,25004,4868,25006],{"id":25005},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25007,16977],{},[20,25009,35,25010,10508],{},[15,25011,16977],{},[194,25013,25014,25017,25020],{},[197,25015,25016],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[197,25018,25019],{},"you want to display available fields",[197,25021,25022],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25024,214],{},[40,25026,25028],{"className":42,"code":25027,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25029,25030,25083,25087,25102,25119],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25031,25032,25035,25037,25039,25041,25043,25045,25047,25049,25052,25054,25056,25058,25061,25063,25065,25068,25070,25072,25075,25077,25079,25081],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25033,25034],{"class":55},"product ",[49,25036,60],{"class":59},[49,25038,10398],{"class":85},[49,25040,95],{"class":63},[49,25042,7575],{"class":67},[49,25044,95],{"class":63},[49,25046,1197],{"class":85},[49,25048,64],{"class":63},[49,25050,25051],{"class":67},"Book",[49,25053,95],{"class":63},[49,25055,341],{"class":85},[49,25057,64],{"class":63},[49,25059,25060],{"class":67},"price",[49,25062,95],{"class":63},[49,25064,1197],{"class":85},[49,25066,25067],{"class":458}," 12.99",[49,25069,341],{"class":85},[49,25071,64],{"class":63},[49,25073,25074],{"class":67},"stock",[49,25076,95],{"class":63},[49,25078,1197],{"class":85},[49,25080,459],{"class":458},[49,25082,9215],{"class":85},[49,25084,25085],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25086,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,25088,25089,25091,25093,25095,25098,25100],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,25090,110],{"class":109},[49,25092,92],{"class":85},[49,25094,95],{"class":63},[49,25096,25097],{"class":67},"Available fields:",[49,25099,95],{"class":63},[49,25101,103],{"class":85},[49,25103,25104,25106,25108,25110,25113,25115,25117],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,25105,5865],{"class":1210},[49,25107,18119],{"class":55},[49,25109,3788],{"class":1210},[49,25111,25112],{"class":55}," product",[49,25114,32],{"class":85},[49,25116,16835],{"class":88},[49,25118,21505],{"class":85},[49,25120,25121,25123,25125,25127],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,25122,1273],{"class":109},[49,25124,92],{"class":85},[49,25126,14751],{"class":88},[49,25128,103],{"class":85},[20,25130,25131],{},[666,25132,1974],{},[40,25134,25136],{"className":42,"code":25135,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25137,25138,25145,25149,25154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25139,25140,25143],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25141,25142],{"class":55},"Available fields",[49,25144,1226],{"class":85},[49,25146,25147],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25148,24955],{"class":55},[49,25150,25151],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,25152,25153],{"class":55},"price\n",[49,25155,25156],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,25157,25158],{"class":55},"stock\n",[20,25160,25161],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[40,25163,25165],{"className":42,"code":25164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25166,25167,25203,25207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25168,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25170,25034],{"class":55},[49,25172,60],{"class":59},[49,25174,10398],{"class":85},[49,25176,95],{"class":63},[49,25178,7575],{"class":67},[49,25180,95],{"class":63},[49,25182,1197],{"class":85},[49,25184,64],{"class":63},[49,25186,25051],{"class":67},[49,25188,95],{"class":63},[49,25190,341],{"class":85},[49,25192,64],{"class":63},[49,25194,25060],{"class":67},[49,25196,95],{"class":63},[49,25198,1197],{"class":85},[49,25200,25067],{"class":458},[49,25202,9215],{"class":85},[49,25204,25205],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25206,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,25208,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,25210,110],{"class":109},[49,25212,92],{"class":85},[49,25214,95],{"class":63},[49,25216,7575],{"class":67},[49,25218,95],{"class":63},[49,25220,21083],{"class":1210},[49,25222,25112],{"class":88},[49,25224,32],{"class":85},[49,25226,16835],{"class":88},[49,25228,7100],{"class":85},[20,25230,25231,25232,32],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25233,633],{},[20,25235,25236],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[40,25238,25240],{"className":42,"code":25239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25241,25242],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25243,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25245,110],{"class":109},[49,25247,92],{"class":85},[49,25249,95],{"class":63},[49,25251,7575],{"class":67},[49,25253,95],{"class":63},[49,25255,21083],{"class":1210},[49,25257,25112],{"class":88},[49,25259,103],{"class":85},[20,25261,25262,25263,32],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[820,25264,21116],{"href":17064},[181,25266,25268],{"id":25267},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25270,25271,25272,32],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25273,16977],{},[353,25275,1318,25277,25279],{"id":25276},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25278,16977],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25281,25282,25284],{},[15,25283,16977],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25286,214],{},[40,25288,25290],{"className":42,"code":25289,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25291,25292,25328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25293,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304,25306,25308,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25295,9071],{"class":55},[49,25297,60],{"class":59},[49,25299,10398],{"class":85},[49,25301,95],{"class":63},[49,25303,7575],{"class":67},[49,25305,95],{"class":63},[49,25307,1197],{"class":85},[49,25309,64],{"class":63},[49,25311,12788],{"class":67},[49,25313,95],{"class":63},[49,25315,341],{"class":85},[49,25317,64],{"class":63},[49,25319,9205],{"class":67},[49,25321,95],{"class":63},[49,25323,1197],{"class":85},[49,25325,7698],{"class":458},[49,25327,9215],{"class":85},[49,25329,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25331,110],{"class":109},[49,25333,92],{"class":85},[49,25335,9110],{"class":88},[49,25337,32],{"class":85},[49,25339,16835],{"class":88},[49,25341,7100],{"class":85},[20,25343,25344],{},[666,25345,1974],{},[40,25347,25349],{"className":42,"code":25348,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25350,25351],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25352,25353,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25354,16926],{"class":88},[49,25356,2889],{"class":85},[49,25358,1573],{"class":63},[49,25360,7575],{"class":67},[49,25362,1573],{"class":63},[49,25364,341],{"class":85},[49,25366,3202],{"class":63},[49,25368,9205],{"class":67},[49,25370,1573],{"class":63},[49,25372,3794],{"class":85},[20,25374,25375,25376,32],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[820,25377,25378],{"href":16986},[15,25379,16989],{},[353,25381,25383,25384],{"id":25382},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25385,16926],{},[20,25387,25388],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[40,25390,25392],{"className":42,"code":25391,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25393,25394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25395,25396,25398,25400,25402,25404,25406,25408,25410,25412],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25397,1256],{"class":85},[49,25399,1573],{"class":63},[49,25401,7575],{"class":67},[49,25403,1573],{"class":63},[49,25405,341],{"class":85},[49,25407,3202],{"class":63},[49,25409,9205],{"class":67},[49,25411,1573],{"class":63},[49,25413,1244],{"class":85},[20,25415,25416,25417,25419],{},"But ",[15,25418,16977],{}," returns:",[40,25421,25422],{"className":42,"code":25348,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,25423,25424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25425,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442,25444],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25427,16926],{"class":88},[49,25429,2889],{"class":85},[49,25431,1573],{"class":63},[49,25433,7575],{"class":67},[49,25435,1573],{"class":63},[49,25437,341],{"class":85},[49,25439,3202],{"class":63},[49,25441,9205],{"class":67},[49,25443,1573],{"class":63},[49,25445,3794],{"class":85},[20,25447,25448],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[40,25450,25452],{"className":42,"code":25451,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25453,25454,25490,25509,25513],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25455,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25457,9071],{"class":55},[49,25459,60],{"class":59},[49,25461,10398],{"class":85},[49,25463,95],{"class":63},[49,25465,7575],{"class":67},[49,25467,95],{"class":63},[49,25469,1197],{"class":85},[49,25471,64],{"class":63},[49,25473,12788],{"class":67},[49,25475,95],{"class":63},[49,25477,341],{"class":85},[49,25479,64],{"class":63},[49,25481,9205],{"class":67},[49,25483,95],{"class":63},[49,25485,1197],{"class":85},[49,25487,7698],{"class":458},[49,25489,9215],{"class":85},[49,25491,25492,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25493,25494],{"class":55},"key_list ",[49,25496,60],{"class":59},[49,25498,22469],{"class":2804},[49,25500,92],{"class":85},[49,25502,9110],{"class":88},[49,25504,32],{"class":85},[49,25506,16835],{"class":88},[49,25508,7100],{"class":85},[49,25510,25511],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,25512,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,25514,25515,25517,25519,25522],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,25516,110],{"class":109},[49,25518,92],{"class":85},[49,25520,25521],{"class":88},"key_list",[49,25523,103],{"class":85},[353,25525,25527,25528,25530],{"id":25526},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25529,16977],{}," on a list or string",[20,25532,25533,25535],{},[15,25534,16977],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25537,2739],{},[40,25539,25541],{"className":42,"code":25540,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25542,25543,25563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25544,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25546,3525],{"class":55},[49,25548,60],{"class":59},[49,25550,3530],{"class":85},[49,25552,1223],{"class":458},[49,25554,341],{"class":85},[49,25556,2896],{"class":458},[49,25558,341],{"class":85},[49,25560,2354],{"class":458},[49,25562,1244],{"class":85},[49,25564,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25566,110],{"class":109},[49,25568,92],{"class":85},[49,25570,3556],{"class":88},[49,25572,32],{"class":85},[49,25574,16835],{"class":88},[49,25576,7100],{"class":85},[20,25578,25579,25580,25583,25584,25586,25587,32],{},"You may get an ",[15,25581,25582],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25585,16977],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[820,25588,1129,25590,25593],{"href":25589},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F",[15,25591,25592],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[353,25595,25597],{"id":25596},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25599,25600],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[40,25602,25604],{"className":42,"code":25603,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25605,25606,25630],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25607,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25609,9071],{"class":55},[49,25611,60],{"class":59},[49,25613,10398],{"class":85},[49,25615,95],{"class":63},[49,25617,7575],{"class":67},[49,25619,95],{"class":63},[49,25621,1197],{"class":85},[49,25623,64],{"class":63},[49,25625,12788],{"class":67},[49,25627,95],{"class":63},[49,25629,9215],{"class":85},[49,25631,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25633,110],{"class":109},[49,25635,92],{"class":85},[49,25637,9110],{"class":88},[49,25639,32],{"class":85},[49,25641,16835],{"class":24660},[49,25643,103],{"class":85},[20,25645,25646],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25648,18605],{},[40,25650,25652],{"className":42,"code":25651,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25653,25654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25655,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25657,110],{"class":109},[49,25659,92],{"class":85},[49,25661,9110],{"class":88},[49,25663,32],{"class":85},[49,25665,16835],{"class":88},[49,25667,7100],{"class":85},[181,25669,1308],{"id":1307},[20,25671,25672,25673,1197],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25674,16977],{},[194,25676,25677,25682,25688,25694],{},[197,25678,644,25679,25681],{},[15,25680,16977],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[197,25683,25684,25685,25687],{},"Thinking ",[15,25686,16977],{}," returns values too",[197,25689,25690,25691,25693],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25692,16926],{}," like a normal list",[197,25695,25696,25697,25699],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25698,16926],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25701,25702],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[40,25704,25706],{"className":42,"code":25705,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25707,25708,25740,25754,25758,25768],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25709,25710,25712,25714,25716,25718,25720,25722,25724,25726,25728,25730,25732,25734,25736,25738],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25711,9071],{"class":55},[49,25713,60],{"class":59},[49,25715,10398],{"class":85},[49,25717,95],{"class":63},[49,25719,820],{"class":67},[49,25721,95],{"class":63},[49,25723,1197],{"class":85},[49,25725,1264],{"class":458},[49,25727,341],{"class":85},[49,25729,64],{"class":63},[49,25731,4667],{"class":67},[49,25733,95],{"class":63},[49,25735,1197],{"class":85},[49,25737,2896],{"class":458},[49,25739,9215],{"class":85},[49,25741,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25743,17153],{"class":55},[49,25745,60],{"class":59},[49,25747,14476],{"class":55},[49,25749,32],{"class":85},[49,25751,16835],{"class":88},[49,25753,8548],{"class":85},[49,25755,25756],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,25757,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,25759,25760,25762,25764,25766],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,25761,110],{"class":109},[49,25763,92],{"class":85},[49,25765,16835],{"class":88},[49,25767,103],{"class":85},[49,25769,25770],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,25771,25772],{"class":121},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25774,25775],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[40,25777,25779],{"className":42,"code":25778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25780,25781,25813,25831,25835],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25782,25783,25785,25787,25789,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809,25811],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25784,9071],{"class":55},[49,25786,60],{"class":59},[49,25788,10398],{"class":85},[49,25790,95],{"class":63},[49,25792,820],{"class":67},[49,25794,95],{"class":63},[49,25796,1197],{"class":85},[49,25798,1264],{"class":458},[49,25800,341],{"class":85},[49,25802,64],{"class":63},[49,25804,4667],{"class":67},[49,25806,95],{"class":63},[49,25808,1197],{"class":85},[49,25810,2896],{"class":458},[49,25812,9215],{"class":85},[49,25814,25815,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827,25829],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25816,17153],{"class":55},[49,25818,60],{"class":59},[49,25820,22469],{"class":2804},[49,25822,92],{"class":85},[49,25824,9110],{"class":88},[49,25826,32],{"class":85},[49,25828,16835],{"class":88},[49,25830,7100],{"class":85},[49,25832,25833],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,25834,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,25836,25837,25839,25841,25843,25845,25847],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,25838,110],{"class":109},[49,25840,92],{"class":85},[49,25842,16835],{"class":88},[49,25844,1256],{"class":85},[49,25846,516],{"class":458},[49,25848,3794],{"class":85},[181,25850,25852],{"id":25851},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25854,11020],{},[40,25856,25858],{"className":42,"code":25857,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25859,25860,25874,25884,25898],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,25861,25862,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,25863,110],{"class":109},[49,25865,92],{"class":85},[49,25867,3127],{"class":2804},[49,25869,92],{"class":85},[49,25871,11355],{"class":88},[49,25873,1581],{"class":85},[49,25875,25876,25878,25880,25882],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,25877,110],{"class":109},[49,25879,92],{"class":85},[49,25881,11355],{"class":88},[49,25883,103],{"class":85},[49,25885,25886,25888,25890,25892,25894,25896],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,25887,110],{"class":109},[49,25889,92],{"class":85},[49,25891,11355],{"class":88},[49,25893,32],{"class":85},[49,25895,16835],{"class":88},[49,25897,7100],{"class":85},[49,25899,25900,25902,25904,25906,25908,25910,25912,25914],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,25901,110],{"class":109},[49,25903,92],{"class":85},[49,25905,8002],{"class":2804},[49,25907,92],{"class":85},[49,25909,11355],{"class":88},[49,25911,32],{"class":85},[49,25913,16835],{"class":88},[49,25915,6197],{"class":85},[20,25917,25918],{},"These help you confirm:",[194,25920,25921,25924,25927,25932],{},[197,25922,25923],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[197,25925,25926],{},"what data it contains",[197,25928,25929,25930,11612],{},"what ",[15,25931,16977],{},[197,25933,25934],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[181,25936,1704],{"id":1703},[353,25938,23828,25940,5053],{"id":25939},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25941,16977],{},[20,25943,17331,25944,25946],{},[15,25945,16926],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[353,25948,14813,25950,25953],{"id":25949},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25951,25952],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25955,25956,25957,25959,25960,32],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25958,16926],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25961,25962],{},"list(dict.keys())",[353,25964,25966,25967,2394],{"id":25965},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25968,25952],{},[20,25970,25971,25972,25974],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25973,5865],{}," loop.",[353,25976,25978,25979,25981],{"id":25977},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25980,16977],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25983,25984,25985,25987],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25986,16977],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[353,25989,25991],{"id":25990},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25993,35,25994,32],{},[15,25995,25996],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[181,25998,1775],{"id":1774},[194,26000,26001,26006,26012,26018,26024,26028],{},[197,26002,26003],{},[820,26004,26005],{"href":9297},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[197,26007,26008],{},[820,26009,10644,26010,1785],{"href":16980},[15,26011,16983],{},[197,26013,26014],{},[820,26015,10644,26016,1785],{"href":16986},[15,26017,16989],{},[197,26019,26020],{},[820,26021,26023],{"href":26022},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[197,26025,26026],{},[820,26027,17065],{"href":17064},[197,26029,26030],{},[820,26031,1830,26032,25593],{"href":25589},[15,26033,25592],{},[1834,26035,26036],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":26038},[26039,26040,26042,26043,26044,26045,26046,26048,26057,26058,26059,26070],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":24159,"depth":74,"text":26041},"What keys() does",{"id":5693,"depth":74,"text":5694},{"id":5337,"depth":74,"text":5338},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":24849,"depth":74,"text":24850},{"id":25005,"depth":74,"text":26047},"When to use keys()",{"id":25267,"depth":74,"text":25268,"children":26049},[26050,26052,26054,26056],{"id":25276,"depth":106,"text":26051},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25382,"depth":106,"text":26053},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25526,"depth":106,"text":26055},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25596,"depth":106,"text":25597},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":25851,"depth":74,"text":25852},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":26060},[26061,26063,26065,26067,26069],{"id":25939,"depth":106,"text":26062},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25949,"depth":106,"text":26064},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25965,"depth":106,"text":26066},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25977,"depth":106,"text":26068},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25990,"depth":106,"text":25991},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23981,"description":26071},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26077,"title":26078,"body":26079,"description":28347,"extension":1866,"meta":28348,"navigation":128,"path":28349,"seo":28350,"stem":28351,"__hash__":28352},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26080,"toc":28300},[26081,26086,26091,26094,26096,26241,26254,26259,26263,26277,26279,26382,26391,26393,26396,26434,26459,26461,26568,26570,26577,26580,26588,26590,26730,26738,26743,26747,26758,26760,26922,26925,26933,26940,26946,27043,27049,27126,27129,27141,27146,27152,27155,27159,27248,27251,27255,27357,27364,27451,27460,27462,27467,27473,27476,27522,27525,27591,27600,27606,27699,27705,27711,27754,27757,27822,27828,27920,27923,27927,27933,27958,27961,28057,28064,28066,28071,28162,28164,28192,28197,28199,28206,28209,28213,28223,28228,28231,28237,28247,28254,28262,28264,28297],[10,26082,11225,26084,18],{"id":26083},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26085,12670],{},[20,26087,26088,26090],{},[15,26089,12477],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26092,26093],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[181,26095,3515],{"id":3514},[40,26097,26099],{"className":42,"code":26098,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26100,26101,26137,26161,26175,26188,26192,26197,26228],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26102,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121,26123,26125,26127,26129,26131,26133,26135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26104,13113],{"class":55},[49,26106,60],{"class":59},[49,26108,10398],{"class":85},[49,26110,95],{"class":63},[49,26112,7575],{"class":67},[49,26114,95],{"class":63},[49,26116,1197],{"class":85},[49,26118,64],{"class":63},[49,26120,12788],{"class":67},[49,26122,95],{"class":63},[49,26124,341],{"class":85},[49,26126,64],{"class":63},[49,26128,9205],{"class":67},[49,26130,95],{"class":63},[49,26132,1197],{"class":85},[49,26134,9212],{"class":458},[49,26136,9215],{"class":85},[49,26138,26139,26142,26144,26146,26148,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,26140,26141],{"class":55},"removed_age ",[49,26143,60],{"class":59},[49,26145,13156],{"class":55},[49,26147,32],{"class":85},[49,26149,26150],{"class":88},"pop",[49,26152,92],{"class":85},[49,26154,95],{"class":63},[49,26156,9205],{"class":67},[49,26158,95],{"class":63},[49,26160,103],{"class":85},[49,26162,26163,26165,26167,26170,26172],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,26164,110],{"class":109},[49,26166,92],{"class":85},[49,26168,26169],{"class":88},"removed_age",[49,26171,118],{"class":85},[49,26173,26174],{"class":121},"   # 25\n",[49,26176,26177,26179,26181,26183,26185],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,26178,110],{"class":109},[49,26180,92],{"class":85},[49,26182,17218],{"class":88},[49,26184,118],{"class":85},[49,26186,26187],{"class":121},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[49,26189,26190],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,26191,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26193,26194],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,26195,26196],{"class":121},"# Safe version with default value\n",[49,26198,26199,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,26200,26201],{"class":55},"country ",[49,26203,60],{"class":59},[49,26205,13156],{"class":55},[49,26207,32],{"class":85},[49,26209,26150],{"class":88},[49,26211,92],{"class":85},[49,26213,95],{"class":63},[49,26215,15172],{"class":67},[49,26217,95],{"class":63},[49,26219,341],{"class":85},[49,26221,64],{"class":63},[49,26223,1429],{"class":67},[49,26225,95],{"class":63},[49,26227,103],{"class":85},[49,26229,26230,26232,26234,26236,26238],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,26231,110],{"class":109},[49,26233,92],{"class":85},[49,26235,15172],{"class":88},[49,26237,118],{"class":85},[49,26239,26240],{"class":121},"       # Not found\n",[20,26242,35,26243,26246,26247,26250,26251,26253],{},[15,26244,26245],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26248,26249],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26252,19598],{}," when the key might not exist.",[181,26255,184,26257,187],{"id":26256},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26258,12477],{},[20,26260,26261,1197],{},[15,26262,12477],{},[194,26264,26265,26268,26271,26274],{},[197,26266,26267],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[197,26269,26270],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[197,26272,26273],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[197,26275,26276],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26278,214],{},[40,26280,26282],{"className":42,"code":26281,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26283,26284,26324,26328,26351,26355,26369],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26285,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294,26296,26298,26300,26302,26304,26306,26308,26310,26312,26314,26316,26318,26320,26322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26287,11394],{"class":55},[49,26289,60],{"class":59},[49,26291,10398],{"class":85},[49,26293,95],{"class":63},[49,26295,7575],{"class":67},[49,26297,95],{"class":63},[49,26299,1197],{"class":85},[49,26301,64],{"class":63},[49,26303,13130],{"class":67},[49,26305,95],{"class":63},[49,26307,341],{"class":85},[49,26309,64],{"class":63},[49,26311,10316],{"class":67},[49,26313,95],{"class":63},[49,26315,1197],{"class":85},[49,26317,64],{"class":63},[49,26319,10323],{"class":67},[49,26321,95],{"class":63},[49,26323,9215],{"class":85},[49,26325,26326],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,26327,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26329,26330,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,26331,26332],{"class":55},"removed_city ",[49,26334,60],{"class":59},[49,26336,11477],{"class":55},[49,26338,32],{"class":85},[49,26340,26150],{"class":88},[49,26342,92],{"class":85},[49,26344,95],{"class":63},[49,26346,10316],{"class":67},[49,26348,95],{"class":63},[49,26350,103],{"class":85},[49,26352,26353],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,26354,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26356,26357,26359,26361,26364,26366],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,26358,110],{"class":109},[49,26360,92],{"class":85},[49,26362,26363],{"class":88},"removed_city",[49,26365,118],{"class":85},[49,26367,26368],{"class":121},"  # Paris\n",[49,26370,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,26372,110],{"class":109},[49,26374,92],{"class":85},[49,26376,11488],{"class":88},[49,26378,118],{"class":85},[49,26380,26381],{"class":121},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26383,305,26384,26387,26388,32],{},[15,26385,26386],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26389,26390],{},"\"Paris\"",[181,26392,316],{"id":315},[20,26394,26395],{},"There are two common forms:",[40,26397,26399],{"className":42,"code":26398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26400,26401,26415],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26402,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26404,11355],{"class":55},[49,26406,32],{"class":85},[49,26408,26150],{"class":88},[49,26410,92],{"class":85},[49,26412,14751],{"class":88},[49,26414,103],{"class":85},[49,26416,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26432],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,26418,11355],{"class":55},[49,26420,32],{"class":85},[49,26422,26150],{"class":88},[49,26424,92],{"class":85},[49,26426,14751],{"class":88},[49,26428,341],{"class":85},[49,26430,26431],{"class":88}," default",[49,26433,103],{"class":85},[194,26435,26436,26442,26450,26456],{},[197,26437,26438,26441],{},[15,26439,26440],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[197,26443,26444,26446,26447,26449],{},[15,26445,26440],{}," raises ",[15,26448,19598],{}," if the key is missing",[197,26451,26452,26455],{},[15,26453,26454],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[197,26457,26458],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26460,214],{},[40,26462,26464],{"className":42,"code":26463,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26465,26466,26498,26502,26527,26555],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26467,26468,26470,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26490,26492,26494,26496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26469,4971],{"class":55},[49,26471,60],{"class":59},[49,26473,10398],{"class":85},[49,26475,95],{"class":63},[49,26477,18327],{"class":67},[49,26479,95],{"class":63},[49,26481,1197],{"class":85},[49,26483,19809],{"class":458},[49,26485,341],{"class":85},[49,26487,64],{"class":63},[49,26489,18336],{"class":67},[49,26491,95],{"class":63},[49,26493,1197],{"class":85},[49,26495,13416],{"class":458},[49,26497,9215],{"class":85},[49,26499,26500],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,26501,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26503,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,26505,110],{"class":109},[49,26507,92],{"class":85},[49,26509,16300],{"class":88},[49,26511,32],{"class":85},[49,26513,26150],{"class":88},[49,26515,92],{"class":85},[49,26517,95],{"class":63},[49,26519,18327],{"class":67},[49,26521,95],{"class":63},[49,26523,261],{"class":85},[49,26525,26526],{"class":121},"         # 90\n",[49,26528,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551,26553],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,26530,110],{"class":109},[49,26532,92],{"class":85},[49,26534,16300],{"class":88},[49,26536,32],{"class":85},[49,26538,26150],{"class":88},[49,26540,92],{"class":85},[49,26542,95],{"class":63},[49,26544,18345],{"class":67},[49,26546,95],{"class":63},[49,26548,341],{"class":85},[49,26550,770],{"class":458},[49,26552,261],{"class":85},[49,26554,574],{"class":121},[49,26556,26557,26559,26561,26563,26565],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,26558,110],{"class":109},[49,26560,92],{"class":85},[49,26562,16300],{"class":88},[49,26564,118],{"class":85},[49,26566,26567],{"class":121},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[181,26569,17328],{"id":17327},[20,26571,26572,13963,26574,26576],{},[15,26573,12670],{},[666,26575,4536],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26578,26579],{},"Instead, it returns:",[194,26581,26582,26585],{},[197,26583,26584],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[197,26586,26587],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26589,214],{},[40,26591,26593],{"className":42,"code":26592,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26594,26595,26627,26631,26654,26685,26689,26703,26717],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26596,26597,26599,26601,26603,26605,26607,26609,26611,26613,26615,26617,26619,26621,26623,26625],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26598,9071],{"class":55},[49,26600,60],{"class":59},[49,26602,10398],{"class":85},[49,26604,95],{"class":63},[49,26606,820],{"class":67},[49,26608,95],{"class":63},[49,26610,1197],{"class":85},[49,26612,5911],{"class":458},[49,26614,341],{"class":85},[49,26616,64],{"class":63},[49,26618,4667],{"class":67},[49,26620,95],{"class":63},[49,26622,1197],{"class":85},[49,26624,7698],{"class":458},[49,26626,9215],{"class":85},[49,26628,26629],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,26630,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26632,26633,26636,26638,26640,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,26634,26635],{"class":55},"result1 ",[49,26637,60],{"class":59},[49,26639,14476],{"class":55},[49,26641,32],{"class":85},[49,26643,26150],{"class":88},[49,26645,92],{"class":85},[49,26647,95],{"class":63},[49,26649,820],{"class":67},[49,26651,95],{"class":63},[49,26653,103],{"class":85},[49,26655,26656,26659,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,26657,26658],{"class":55},"result2 ",[49,26660,60],{"class":59},[49,26662,14476],{"class":55},[49,26664,32],{"class":85},[49,26666,26150],{"class":88},[49,26668,92],{"class":85},[49,26670,95],{"class":63},[49,26672,9646],{"class":67},[49,26674,95],{"class":63},[49,26676,341],{"class":85},[49,26678,64],{"class":63},[49,26680,163],{"class":67},[49,26682,95],{"class":63},[49,26684,103],{"class":85},[49,26686,26687],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,26688,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26690,26691,26693,26695,26698,26700],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,26692,110],{"class":109},[49,26694,92],{"class":85},[49,26696,26697],{"class":88},"result1",[49,26699,118],{"class":85},[49,26701,26702],{"class":121},"  # 10\n",[49,26704,26705,26707,26709,26712,26714],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,26706,110],{"class":109},[49,26708,92],{"class":85},[49,26710,26711],{"class":88},"result2",[49,26713,118],{"class":85},[49,26715,26716],{"class":121},"  # missing\n",[49,26718,26719,26721,26723,26725,26727],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,26720,110],{"class":109},[49,26722,92],{"class":85},[49,26724,9110],{"class":88},[49,26726,118],{"class":85},[49,26728,26729],{"class":121},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26731,26732,26733,6537],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[820,26734,26735],{"href":10643},[15,26736,26737],{},"dict.get()",[181,26739,4868,26741],{"id":26740},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26742,12670],{},[20,26744,35,26745,10508],{},[15,26746,12670],{},[194,26748,26749,26752,26755],{},[197,26750,26751],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[197,26753,26754],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[197,26756,26757],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26759,214],{},[40,26761,26763],{"className":42,"code":26762,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26764,26765,26817,26821,26848,26852,26876,26880,26894,26908],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26766,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798,26801,26803,26805,26808,26810,26812,26815],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26768,25034],{"class":55},[49,26770,60],{"class":59},[49,26772,10398],{"class":85},[49,26774,95],{"class":63},[49,26776,7575],{"class":67},[49,26778,95],{"class":63},[49,26780,1197],{"class":85},[49,26782,64],{"class":63},[49,26784,26785],{"class":67},"Laptop",[49,26787,95],{"class":63},[49,26789,341],{"class":85},[49,26791,64],{"class":63},[49,26793,25060],{"class":67},[49,26795,95],{"class":63},[49,26797,1197],{"class":85},[49,26799,26800],{"class":458}," 1200",[49,26802,341],{"class":85},[49,26804,64],{"class":63},[49,26806,26807],{"class":67},"discount",[49,26809,95],{"class":63},[49,26811,1197],{"class":85},[49,26813,26814],{"class":458}," 200",[49,26816,9215],{"class":85},[49,26818,26819],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,26820,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26822,26823,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,26824,26825],{"class":55},"discount_amount ",[49,26827,60],{"class":59},[49,26829,25112],{"class":55},[49,26831,32],{"class":85},[49,26833,26150],{"class":88},[49,26835,92],{"class":85},[49,26837,95],{"class":63},[49,26839,26807],{"class":67},[49,26841,95],{"class":63},[49,26843,341],{"class":85},[49,26845,770],{"class":458},[49,26847,103],{"class":85},[49,26849,26850],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,26851,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26853,26854,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,26855,26856],{"class":55},"final_price ",[49,26858,60],{"class":59},[49,26860,25112],{"class":55},[49,26862,1256],{"class":85},[49,26864,95],{"class":63},[49,26866,25060],{"class":67},[49,26868,95],{"class":63},[49,26870,13182],{"class":85},[49,26872,1220],{"class":59},[49,26874,26875],{"class":55}," discount_amount\n",[49,26877,26878],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,26879,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26881,26882,26884,26886,26889,26891],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,26883,110],{"class":109},[49,26885,92],{"class":85},[49,26887,26888],{"class":88},"discount_amount",[49,26890,118],{"class":85},[49,26892,26893],{"class":121},"  # 200\n",[49,26895,26896,26898,26900,26903,26905],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,26897,110],{"class":109},[49,26899,92],{"class":85},[49,26901,26902],{"class":88},"final_price",[49,26904,118],{"class":85},[49,26906,26907],{"class":121},"      # 1000\n",[49,26909,26910,26912,26914,26917,26919],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,26911,110],{"class":109},[49,26913,92],{"class":85},[49,26915,26916],{"class":88},"product",[49,26918,118],{"class":85},[49,26920,26921],{"class":121},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26923,26924],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[181,26926,26928,983,26930],{"id":26927},"pop-vs-del",[15,26929,12670],{},[15,26931,26932],{},"del",[20,26934,10497,26935,380,26937,26939],{},[15,26936,12670],{},[15,26938,26932],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[353,26941,35,26943,26945],{"id":26942},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26944,12670],{}," when you need the removed value",[40,26947,26949],{"className":42,"code":26948,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26950,26951,26987,26991,27013,27017,27030],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,26952,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,26954,13113],{"class":55},[49,26956,60],{"class":59},[49,26958,10398],{"class":85},[49,26960,95],{"class":63},[49,26962,7575],{"class":67},[49,26964,95],{"class":63},[49,26966,1197],{"class":85},[49,26968,64],{"class":63},[49,26970,12788],{"class":67},[49,26972,95],{"class":63},[49,26974,341],{"class":85},[49,26976,64],{"class":63},[49,26978,9205],{"class":67},[49,26980,95],{"class":63},[49,26982,1197],{"class":85},[49,26984,9212],{"class":458},[49,26986,9215],{"class":85},[49,26988,26989],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,26990,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,26992,26993,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,26994,21538],{"class":55},[49,26996,60],{"class":59},[49,26998,13156],{"class":55},[49,27000,32],{"class":85},[49,27002,26150],{"class":88},[49,27004,92],{"class":85},[49,27006,95],{"class":63},[49,27008,9205],{"class":67},[49,27010,95],{"class":63},[49,27012,103],{"class":85},[49,27014,27015],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,27016,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27018,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,27020,110],{"class":109},[49,27022,92],{"class":85},[49,27024,9205],{"class":88},[49,27026,118],{"class":85},[49,27028,27029],{"class":121},"     # 25\n",[49,27031,27032,27034,27036,27038,27040],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,27033,110],{"class":109},[49,27035,92],{"class":85},[49,27037,17218],{"class":88},[49,27039,118],{"class":85},[49,27041,27042],{"class":121},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[353,27044,35,27046,27048],{"id":27045},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27047,26932],{}," when you only want deletion",[40,27050,27052],{"className":42,"code":27051,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27053,27054,27090,27094,27110,27114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27055,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27057,13113],{"class":55},[49,27059,60],{"class":59},[49,27061,10398],{"class":85},[49,27063,95],{"class":63},[49,27065,7575],{"class":67},[49,27067,95],{"class":63},[49,27069,1197],{"class":85},[49,27071,64],{"class":63},[49,27073,12788],{"class":67},[49,27075,95],{"class":63},[49,27077,341],{"class":85},[49,27079,64],{"class":63},[49,27081,9205],{"class":67},[49,27083,95],{"class":63},[49,27085,1197],{"class":85},[49,27087,9212],{"class":458},[49,27089,9215],{"class":85},[49,27091,27092],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27093,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27095,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,27097,26932],{"class":1210},[49,27099,13156],{"class":55},[49,27101,1256],{"class":85},[49,27103,95],{"class":63},[49,27105,9205],{"class":67},[49,27107,95],{"class":63},[49,27109,1244],{"class":85},[49,27111,27112],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,27113,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27115,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,27117,110],{"class":109},[49,27119,92],{"class":85},[49,27121,17218],{"class":88},[49,27123,118],{"class":85},[49,27125,27042],{"class":121},[20,27127,27128],{},"Difference:",[194,27130,27131,27136],{},[197,27132,27133,27135],{},[15,27134,12670],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[197,27137,27138,27140],{},[15,27139,26932],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27142,27143,27144,32],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[820,27145,12482],{"href":12481},[181,27147,27149,27150],{"id":27148},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27151,19598],{},[20,27153,27154],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[353,27156,27158],{"id":27157},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[40,27160,27162],{"className":42,"code":27161,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27163,27164,27189,27193,27219,27223,27235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27165,27166,27168,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27185,27187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27167,11631],{"class":55},[49,27169,60],{"class":59},[49,27171,10398],{"class":85},[49,27173,95],{"class":63},[49,27175,7575],{"class":67},[49,27177,95],{"class":63},[49,27179,1197],{"class":85},[49,27181,64],{"class":63},[49,27183,27184],{"class":67},"Sara",[49,27186,95],{"class":63},[49,27188,9215],{"class":85},[49,27190,27191],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27192,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27194,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213,27215,27217],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,27196,2349],{"class":55},[49,27198,60],{"class":59},[49,27200,11673],{"class":55},[49,27202,32],{"class":85},[49,27204,26150],{"class":88},[49,27206,92],{"class":85},[49,27208,95],{"class":63},[49,27210,9205],{"class":67},[49,27212,95],{"class":63},[49,27214,341],{"class":85},[49,27216,3758],{"class":3757},[49,27218,103],{"class":85},[49,27220,27221],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,27222,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27224,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,27226,110],{"class":109},[49,27228,92],{"class":85},[49,27230,338],{"class":88},[49,27232,118],{"class":85},[49,27234,20472],{"class":121},[49,27236,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,27238,110],{"class":109},[49,27240,92],{"class":85},[49,27242,11355],{"class":88},[49,27244,118],{"class":85},[49,27246,27247],{"class":121}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27249,27250],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[353,27252,27254],{"id":27253},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[40,27256,27258],{"className":42,"code":27257,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27259,27260,27284,27288,27304,27326,27336,27342],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27261,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27263,11631],{"class":55},[49,27265,60],{"class":59},[49,27267,10398],{"class":85},[49,27269,95],{"class":63},[49,27271,7575],{"class":67},[49,27273,95],{"class":63},[49,27275,1197],{"class":85},[49,27277,64],{"class":63},[49,27279,27184],{"class":67},[49,27281,95],{"class":63},[49,27283,9215],{"class":85},[49,27285,27286],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27287,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27289,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,27291,1211],{"class":1210},[49,27293,64],{"class":63},[49,27295,9205],{"class":67},[49,27297,95],{"class":63},[49,27299,21083],{"class":59},[49,27301,11673],{"class":55},[49,27303,1226],{"class":85},[49,27305,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,27307,1249],{"class":55},[49,27309,60],{"class":59},[49,27311,11673],{"class":55},[49,27313,32],{"class":85},[49,27315,26150],{"class":88},[49,27317,92],{"class":85},[49,27319,95],{"class":63},[49,27321,9205],{"class":67},[49,27323,95],{"class":63},[49,27325,103],{"class":85},[49,27327,27328,27330,27332,27334],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,27329,1273],{"class":109},[49,27331,92],{"class":85},[49,27333,338],{"class":88},[49,27335,103],{"class":85},[49,27337,27338,27340],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,27339,1416],{"class":1210},[49,27341,1226],{"class":85},[49,27343,27344,27346,27348,27350,27353,27355],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,27345,1273],{"class":109},[49,27347,92],{"class":85},[49,27349,95],{"class":63},[49,27351,27352],{"class":67},"Key not found",[49,27354,95],{"class":63},[49,27356,103],{"class":85},[353,27358,27360,27361,27363],{"id":27359},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27362,10647],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[40,27365,27367],{"className":42,"code":27366,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27368,27369,27393,27397,27423,27427,27439],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27370,27371,27373,27375,27377,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27372,11631],{"class":55},[49,27374,60],{"class":59},[49,27376,10398],{"class":85},[49,27378,95],{"class":63},[49,27380,7575],{"class":67},[49,27382,95],{"class":63},[49,27384,1197],{"class":85},[49,27386,64],{"class":63},[49,27388,27184],{"class":67},[49,27390,95],{"class":63},[49,27392,9215],{"class":85},[49,27394,27395],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27396,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27398,27399,27401,27403,27405,27407,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,27400,2349],{"class":55},[49,27402,60],{"class":59},[49,27404,11673],{"class":55},[49,27406,32],{"class":85},[49,27408,19661],{"class":88},[49,27410,92],{"class":85},[49,27412,95],{"class":63},[49,27414,9205],{"class":67},[49,27416,95],{"class":63},[49,27418,341],{"class":85},[49,27420,3758],{"class":3757},[49,27422,103],{"class":85},[49,27424,27425],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,27426,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27428,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,27430,110],{"class":109},[49,27432,92],{"class":85},[49,27434,338],{"class":88},[49,27436,118],{"class":85},[49,27438,20472],{"class":121},[49,27440,27441,27443,27445,27447,27449],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,27442,110],{"class":109},[49,27444,92],{"class":85},[49,27446,11355],{"class":88},[49,27448,118],{"class":85},[49,27450,27247],{"class":121},[20,27452,35,27453,27457,27458,32],{},[820,27454,27455],{"href":10643},[15,27456,26737],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[820,27459,11169],{"href":10981},[181,27461,4425],{"id":4424},[20,27463,27464,27465,32],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27466,12477],{},[353,27468,25684,27470,27472],{"id":27469},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27471,12670],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27474,27475],{},"Lists use indexes:",[40,27477,27479],{"className":42,"code":27478,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27480,27481,27501],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27482,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27484,3525],{"class":55},[49,27486,60],{"class":59},[49,27488,3530],{"class":85},[49,27490,2233],{"class":458},[49,27492,341],{"class":85},[49,27494,7698],{"class":458},[49,27496,341],{"class":85},[49,27498,7703],{"class":458},[49,27500,1244],{"class":85},[49,27502,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27504,110],{"class":109},[49,27506,92],{"class":85},[49,27508,3556],{"class":88},[49,27510,32],{"class":85},[49,27512,26150],{"class":88},[49,27514,92],{"class":85},[49,27516,1223],{"class":458},[49,27518,261],{"class":85},[49,27520,27521],{"class":121},"  # 20\n",[20,27523,27524],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[40,27526,27528],{"className":42,"code":27527,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27529,27530,27566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27531,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27533,13113],{"class":55},[49,27535,60],{"class":59},[49,27537,10398],{"class":85},[49,27539,95],{"class":63},[49,27541,7575],{"class":67},[49,27543,95],{"class":63},[49,27545,1197],{"class":85},[49,27547,64],{"class":63},[49,27549,12788],{"class":67},[49,27551,95],{"class":63},[49,27553,341],{"class":85},[49,27555,64],{"class":63},[49,27557,9205],{"class":67},[49,27559,95],{"class":63},[49,27561,1197],{"class":85},[49,27563,9212],{"class":458},[49,27565,9215],{"class":85},[49,27567,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27569,110],{"class":109},[49,27571,92],{"class":85},[49,27573,17218],{"class":88},[49,27575,32],{"class":85},[49,27577,26150],{"class":88},[49,27579,92],{"class":85},[49,27581,95],{"class":63},[49,27583,9205],{"class":67},[49,27585,95],{"class":63},[49,27587,261],{"class":85},[49,27589,27590],{"class":121},"  # 25\n",[20,27592,27593,27594,27596,27597,27599],{},"A dictionary does ",[666,27595,4536],{}," use positions with ",[15,27598,12670],{},". It uses keys.",[353,27601,4610,27603,27605],{"id":27602},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27604,12670],{}," changes the original dictionary",[40,27607,27609],{"className":42,"code":27608,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27610,27611,27643,27647,27669,27673,27686],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27612,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27614,9071],{"class":55},[49,27616,60],{"class":59},[49,27618,10398],{"class":85},[49,27620,95],{"class":63},[49,27622,283],{"class":67},[49,27624,95],{"class":63},[49,27626,1197],{"class":85},[49,27628,1264],{"class":458},[49,27630,341],{"class":85},[49,27632,64],{"class":63},[49,27634,11652],{"class":67},[49,27636,95],{"class":63},[49,27638,1197],{"class":85},[49,27640,2896],{"class":458},[49,27642,9215],{"class":85},[49,27644,27645],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27646,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27648,27649,27651,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,27650,2349],{"class":55},[49,27652,60],{"class":59},[49,27654,14476],{"class":55},[49,27656,32],{"class":85},[49,27658,26150],{"class":88},[49,27660,92],{"class":85},[49,27662,95],{"class":63},[49,27664,283],{"class":67},[49,27666,95],{"class":63},[49,27668,103],{"class":85},[49,27670,27671],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,27672,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27674,27675,27677,27679,27681,27683],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,27676,110],{"class":109},[49,27678,92],{"class":85},[49,27680,338],{"class":88},[49,27682,118],{"class":85},[49,27684,27685],{"class":121},"  # 1\n",[49,27687,27688,27690,27692,27694,27696],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,27689,110],{"class":109},[49,27691,92],{"class":85},[49,27693,9110],{"class":88},[49,27695,118],{"class":85},[49,27697,27698],{"class":121},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27700,27701,27702,27704],{},"After ",[15,27703,12670],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[353,27706,644,27708,27710],{"id":27707},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27709,12670],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[40,27712,27714],{"className":42,"code":27713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27715,27716,27740,27744,27749],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27717,27718,27720,27722,27724,27726,27728,27730,27732,27734,27736,27738],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27719,9071],{"class":55},[49,27721,60],{"class":59},[49,27723,10398],{"class":85},[49,27725,95],{"class":63},[49,27727,7575],{"class":67},[49,27729,95],{"class":63},[49,27731,1197],{"class":85},[49,27733,64],{"class":63},[49,27735,7830],{"class":67},[49,27737,95],{"class":63},[49,27739,9215],{"class":85},[49,27741,27742],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27743,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27745,27746],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,27747,27748],{"class":121},"# This causes an error\n",[49,27750,27751],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,27752,27753],{"class":121},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27755,27756],{},"Safer version:",[40,27758,27760],{"className":42,"code":27759,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27761,27762,27786,27790],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27763,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27765,9071],{"class":55},[49,27767,60],{"class":59},[49,27769,10398],{"class":85},[49,27771,95],{"class":63},[49,27773,7575],{"class":67},[49,27775,95],{"class":63},[49,27777,1197],{"class":85},[49,27779,64],{"class":63},[49,27781,7830],{"class":67},[49,27783,95],{"class":63},[49,27785,9215],{"class":85},[49,27787,27788],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27789,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27791,27792,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,27793,110],{"class":109},[49,27795,92],{"class":85},[49,27797,9110],{"class":88},[49,27799,32],{"class":85},[49,27801,26150],{"class":88},[49,27803,92],{"class":85},[49,27805,95],{"class":63},[49,27807,9205],{"class":67},[49,27809,95],{"class":63},[49,27811,341],{"class":85},[49,27813,64],{"class":63},[49,27815,163],{"class":67},[49,27817,95],{"class":63},[49,27819,261],{"class":85},[49,27821,26716],{"class":121},[353,27823,1318,27825,27827],{"id":27824},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27826,12670],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[40,27829,27831],{"className":42,"code":27830,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27832,27833,27865,27869,27891,27895,27907],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27834,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27836,9071],{"class":55},[49,27838,60],{"class":59},[49,27840,10398],{"class":85},[49,27842,95],{"class":63},[49,27844,820],{"class":67},[49,27846,95],{"class":63},[49,27848,1197],{"class":85},[49,27850,1264],{"class":458},[49,27852,341],{"class":85},[49,27854,64],{"class":63},[49,27856,4667],{"class":67},[49,27858,95],{"class":63},[49,27860,1197],{"class":85},[49,27862,2896],{"class":458},[49,27864,9215],{"class":85},[49,27866,27867],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27868,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27870,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,27872,2131],{"class":55},[49,27874,60],{"class":59},[49,27876,14476],{"class":55},[49,27878,32],{"class":85},[49,27880,26150],{"class":88},[49,27882,92],{"class":85},[49,27884,95],{"class":63},[49,27886,820],{"class":67},[49,27888,95],{"class":63},[49,27890,103],{"class":85},[49,27892,27893],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,27894,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27896,27897,27899,27901,27903,27905],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,27898,110],{"class":109},[49,27900,92],{"class":85},[49,27902,2166],{"class":88},[49,27904,118],{"class":85},[49,27906,27685],{"class":121},[49,27908,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,27910,110],{"class":109},[49,27912,92],{"class":85},[49,27914,9110],{"class":88},[49,27916,118],{"class":85},[49,27918,27919],{"class":121},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27921,27922],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[181,27924,27926],{"id":27925},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27928,27929,27930,27932],{},"Problems with ",[15,27931,12477],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[194,27934,27935,27938,27947,27950],{},[197,27936,27937],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[197,27939,27940,27941,27944,27945],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27942,27943],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27946,26245],{},[197,27948,27949],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[197,27951,27952,27953,10999,27955],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27954,1223],{},[15,27956,27957],{},"\"1\"",[20,27959,27960],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[40,27962,27964],{"className":42,"code":27963,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27965,27966,27990,27994,28024],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,27967,27968,27970,27972,27974,27976,27978,27980,27982,27984,27986,27988],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,27969,9071],{"class":55},[49,27971,60],{"class":59},[49,27973,10398],{"class":85},[49,27975,95],{"class":63},[49,27977,1223],{"class":67},[49,27979,95],{"class":63},[49,27981,1197],{"class":85},[49,27983,64],{"class":63},[49,27985,6491],{"class":67},[49,27987,95],{"class":63},[49,27989,9215],{"class":85},[49,27991,27992],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,27993,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,27995,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014,28017,28019,28021],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,27997,110],{"class":109},[49,27999,92],{"class":85},[49,28001,9110],{"class":88},[49,28003,32],{"class":85},[49,28005,26150],{"class":88},[49,28007,92],{"class":85},[49,28009,1223],{"class":458},[49,28011,341],{"class":85},[49,28013,64],{"class":63},[49,28015,28016],{"class":67},"not found",[49,28018,95],{"class":63},[49,28020,261],{"class":85},[49,28022,28023],{"class":121},"    # not found\n",[49,28025,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052,28054],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,28027,110],{"class":109},[49,28029,92],{"class":85},[49,28031,9110],{"class":88},[49,28033,32],{"class":85},[49,28035,26150],{"class":88},[49,28037,92],{"class":85},[49,28039,95],{"class":63},[49,28041,1223],{"class":67},[49,28043,95],{"class":63},[49,28045,341],{"class":85},[49,28047,64],{"class":63},[49,28049,28016],{"class":67},[49,28051,95],{"class":63},[49,28053,261],{"class":85},[49,28055,28056],{"class":121},"  # one\n",[20,28058,28059,380,28061,28063],{},[15,28060,1223],{},[15,28062,27957],{}," are different keys.",[181,28065,8777],{"id":8776},[20,28067,8780,28068,28070],{},[15,28069,12670],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[40,28072,28074],{"className":42,"code":28073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28075,28076,28086,28100,28118,28148],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28077,28078,28080,28082,28084],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28079,110],{"class":109},[49,28081,92],{"class":85},[49,28083,11355],{"class":88},[49,28085,103],{"class":85},[49,28087,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,28089,110],{"class":109},[49,28091,92],{"class":85},[49,28093,11355],{"class":88},[49,28095,32],{"class":85},[49,28097,16835],{"class":88},[49,28099,7100],{"class":85},[49,28101,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,28103,110],{"class":109},[49,28105,92],{"class":85},[49,28107,1573],{"class":63},[49,28109,7575],{"class":67},[49,28111,1573],{"class":63},[49,28113,21083],{"class":1210},[49,28115,11673],{"class":88},[49,28117,103],{"class":85},[49,28119,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144,28146],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,28121,110],{"class":109},[49,28123,92],{"class":85},[49,28125,11355],{"class":88},[49,28127,32],{"class":85},[49,28129,26150],{"class":88},[49,28131,92],{"class":85},[49,28133,1573],{"class":63},[49,28135,7575],{"class":67},[49,28137,1573],{"class":63},[49,28139,341],{"class":85},[49,28141,3202],{"class":63},[49,28143,163],{"class":67},[49,28145,1573],{"class":63},[49,28147,1581],{"class":85},[49,28149,28150,28152,28154,28156,28158,28160],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,28151,110],{"class":109},[49,28153,92],{"class":85},[49,28155,3127],{"class":2804},[49,28157,92],{"class":85},[49,28159,11355],{"class":88},[49,28161,1581],{"class":85},[20,28163,21246],{},[194,28165,28166,28171,28176,28181,28187],{},[197,28167,28168,28170],{},[15,28169,12587],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[197,28172,28173,28175],{},[15,28174,21258],{}," shows all available keys",[197,28177,28178,28180],{},[15,28179,21264],{}," checks whether a key exists",[197,28182,28183,28186],{},[15,28184,28185],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[197,28188,28189,28191],{},[15,28190,12593],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28193,28194,28195,32],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[820,28196,9298],{"href":9297},[181,28198,1704],{"id":1703},[353,28200,28202,28203,28205],{"id":28201},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28204,12670],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28207,28208],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[353,28210,28212],{"id":28211},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28214,28215,26446,28217,28219,28220,28222],{},[15,28216,26245],{},[15,28218,19598],{},". ",[15,28221,26249],{}," returns the default value instead.",[353,28224,1720,28226,14806],{"id":28225},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28227,12670],{},[20,28229,28230],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[353,28232,1760,28234,28236],{"id":28233},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary",[15,28235,12670],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28238,28239,28240,28242,28243,32],{},"Not with ",[15,28241,12477],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[820,28244,28245],{"href":12488},[15,28246,12677],{},[353,28248,1740,28250,380,28252,2394],{"id":28249},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28251,10647],{},[15,28253,12670],{},[20,28255,28256,28258,28259,28261],{},[15,28257,10647],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28260,12670],{}," reads and removes it.",[181,28263,1775],{"id":1774},[194,28265,28266,28272,28279,28283,28287,28291],{},[197,28267,28268],{},[820,28269,28270],{"href":10643},[15,28271,19579],{},[197,28273,28274],{},[820,28275,28276],{"href":12488},[15,28277,28278],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[197,28280,28281],{},[820,28282,12694],{"href":12481},[197,28284,28285],{},[820,28286,21367],{"href":16508},[197,28288,28289],{},[820,28290,11169],{"href":10981},[197,28292,28293],{},[820,28294,28296],{"href":28295},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1834,28298,28299],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":28301},[28302,28303,28305,28306,28307,28309,28316,28323,28333,28334,28335,28346],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":26256,"depth":74,"text":28304},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":26740,"depth":74,"text":28308},"When to use pop()",{"id":26927,"depth":74,"text":28310,"children":28311},"pop() vs del",[28312,28314],{"id":26942,"depth":106,"text":28313},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27045,"depth":106,"text":28315},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27148,"depth":74,"text":28317,"children":28318},"How to avoid KeyError",[28319,28320,28321],{"id":27157,"depth":106,"text":27158},{"id":27253,"depth":106,"text":27254},{"id":27359,"depth":106,"text":28322},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":28324},[28325,28327,28329,28331],{"id":27469,"depth":106,"text":28326},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27602,"depth":106,"text":28328},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27707,"depth":106,"text":28330},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27824,"depth":106,"text":28332},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27925,"depth":74,"text":27926},{"id":8776,"depth":74,"text":8777},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":28336},[28337,28339,28340,28342,28344],{"id":28201,"depth":106,"text":28338},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28211,"depth":106,"text":28212},{"id":28225,"depth":106,"text":28341},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28233,"depth":106,"text":28343},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28249,"depth":106,"text":28345},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26078,"description":28347},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28354,"title":28278,"body":28355,"description":30295,"extension":1866,"meta":30296,"navigation":128,"path":30297,"seo":30298,"stem":30299,"__hash__":30300},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28356,"toc":30259},[28357,28362,28367,28370,28378,28388,28390,28479,28483,28532,28537,28542,28546,28562,28565,28567,28582,28584,28600,28607,28611,28617,28626,28628,28697,28701,28722,28725,28744,28747,28770,28772,28775,28890,28894,28953,28960,28964,28970,29095,29099,29149,29152,29156,29163,29165,29228,29232,29253,29256,29265,29280,29288,29295,29299,29311,29315,29326,29328,29474,29478,29537,29544,29549,29553,29559,29582,29587,29606,29610,29681,29688,29761,29770,29775,29780,29791,29794,29931,29936,29968,29973,29975,29979,30039,30042,30099,30102,30145,30147,30152,30158,30164,30167,30174,30182,30187,30190,30197,30205,30207,30256],[10,28358,11225,28360,18],{"id":28359},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28361,12677],{},[20,28363,661,28364,28366],{},[15,28365,12677],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28368,28369],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[194,28371,28372,28375],{},[197,28373,28374],{},"remove an item",[197,28376,28377],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28379,28380,28381,28383,28384,28387],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28382,12677],{}," removes the ",[666,28385,28386],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[181,28389,1907],{"id":1906},[40,28391,28393],{"className":42,"code":28392,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28394,28395,28439,28455,28459,28469],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28396,28397,28399,28401,28403,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415,28417,28419,28421,28423,28425,28427,28429,28431,28433,28435,28437],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28398,9071],{"class":55},[49,28400,60],{"class":59},[49,28402,10398],{"class":85},[49,28404,95],{"class":63},[49,28406,820],{"class":67},[49,28408,95],{"class":63},[49,28410,1197],{"class":85},[49,28412,1264],{"class":458},[49,28414,341],{"class":85},[49,28416,64],{"class":63},[49,28418,4667],{"class":67},[49,28420,95],{"class":63},[49,28422,1197],{"class":85},[49,28424,2896],{"class":458},[49,28426,341],{"class":85},[49,28428,64],{"class":63},[49,28430,9646],{"class":67},[49,28432,95],{"class":63},[49,28434,1197],{"class":85},[49,28436,2354],{"class":458},[49,28438,9215],{"class":85},[49,28440,28441,28444,28446,28448,28450,28453],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,28442,28443],{"class":55},"item ",[49,28445,60],{"class":59},[49,28447,14476],{"class":55},[49,28449,32],{"class":85},[49,28451,28452],{"class":88},"popitem",[49,28454,8548],{"class":85},[49,28456,28457],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,28458,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,28460,28461,28463,28465,28467],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,28462,110],{"class":109},[49,28464,92],{"class":85},[49,28466,23220],{"class":88},[49,28468,103],{"class":85},[49,28470,28471,28473,28475,28477],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,28472,110],{"class":109},[49,28474,92],{"class":85},[49,28476,9110],{"class":88},[49,28478,103],{"class":85},[20,28480,28481],{},[666,28482,1974],{},[40,28484,28486],{"className":42,"code":28485,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28487,28488,28504],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28489,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28491,92],{"class":85},[49,28493,1573],{"class":63},[49,28495,9646],{"class":67},[49,28497,1573],{"class":63},[49,28499,341],{"class":85},[49,28501,2354],{"class":458},[49,28503,103],{"class":85},[49,28505,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524,28526,28528,28530],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,28507,9184],{"class":85},[49,28509,1573],{"class":63},[49,28511,820],{"class":67},[49,28513,1573],{"class":63},[49,28515,1197],{"class":85},[49,28517,1264],{"class":458},[49,28519,341],{"class":85},[49,28521,3202],{"class":63},[49,28523,4667],{"class":67},[49,28525,1573],{"class":63},[49,28527,1197],{"class":85},[49,28529,2896],{"class":458},[49,28531,9215],{"class":85},[20,28533,28534,28536],{},[15,28535,12677],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[181,28538,184,28540,187],{"id":28539},"what-popitem-does",[15,28541,12677],{},[20,28543,28544,1197],{},[15,28545,12677],{},[194,28547,28548,28551,28556,28559],{},[197,28549,28550],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[197,28552,28553,28554],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28555,21565],{},[197,28557,28558],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[197,28560,28561],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28563,28564],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[181,28566,316],{"id":315},[40,28568,28570],{"className":42,"code":28569,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28571,28572],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28573,28574,28576,28578,28580],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28575,15515],{"class":55},[49,28577,32],{"class":85},[49,28579,28452],{"class":88},[49,28581,8548],{"class":85},[20,28583,11364],{},[194,28585,28586,28594,28597],{},[197,28587,28588,28590,28591],{},[15,28589,12677],{}," takes ",[666,28592,28593],{},"no arguments",[197,28595,28596],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[197,28598,28599],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28601,28602,28603,6537],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[820,28604,28605],{"href":12474},[15,28606,12670],{},[181,28608,28610],{"id":28609},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28612,28613,28614,28616],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28615,12677],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28618,28619,28620,28623],"ol",{},[197,28621,28622],{},"the key",[197,28624,28625],{},"the value",[20,28627,214],{},[40,28629,28631],{"className":42,"code":28630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28632,28633,28669,28683,28687],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28634,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28636,13113],{"class":55},[49,28638,60],{"class":59},[49,28640,10398],{"class":85},[49,28642,95],{"class":63},[49,28644,7575],{"class":67},[49,28646,95],{"class":63},[49,28648,1197],{"class":85},[49,28650,64],{"class":63},[49,28652,4911],{"class":67},[49,28654,95],{"class":63},[49,28656,341],{"class":85},[49,28658,64],{"class":63},[49,28660,9205],{"class":67},[49,28662,95],{"class":63},[49,28664,1197],{"class":85},[49,28666,9212],{"class":458},[49,28668,9215],{"class":85},[49,28670,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,28672,2131],{"class":55},[49,28674,60],{"class":59},[49,28676,13156],{"class":55},[49,28678,32],{"class":85},[49,28680,28452],{"class":88},[49,28682,8548],{"class":85},[49,28684,28685],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,28686,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,28688,28689,28691,28693,28695],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,28690,110],{"class":109},[49,28692,92],{"class":85},[49,28694,2166],{"class":88},[49,28696,103],{"class":85},[20,28698,28699],{},[666,28700,1974],{},[40,28702,28704],{"className":42,"code":28703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28705,28706],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28707,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28709,92],{"class":85},[49,28711,1573],{"class":63},[49,28713,9205],{"class":67},[49,28715,1573],{"class":63},[49,28717,341],{"class":85},[49,28719,9212],{"class":458},[49,28721,103],{"class":85},[20,28723,28724],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[40,28726,28728],{"className":42,"code":28727,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28729,28730],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28731,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28733,2131],{"class":55},[49,28735,60],{"class":59},[49,28737,13156],{"class":55},[49,28739,32],{"class":85},[49,28741,28452],{"class":88},[49,28743,8548],{"class":85},[20,28745,28746],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[40,28748,28750],{"className":42,"code":28749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28751,28752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28753,28754,28756,28758,28760,28762,28764,28766,28768],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28755,14751],{"class":55},[49,28757,341],{"class":85},[49,28759,21494],{"class":55},[49,28761,60],{"class":59},[49,28763,13156],{"class":55},[49,28765,32],{"class":85},[49,28767,28452],{"class":88},[49,28769,8548],{"class":85},[181,28771,11381],{"id":11380},[20,28773,28774],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[40,28776,28778],{"className":42,"code":28777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28779,28780,28828,28832,28847,28851,28871],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28781,28782,28784,28786,28788,28790,28793,28795,28797,28799,28801,28803,28805,28807,28809,28812,28814,28816,28819,28821,28823,28826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28783,4971],{"class":55},[49,28785,60],{"class":59},[49,28787,10398],{"class":85},[49,28789,95],{"class":63},[49,28791,28792],{"class":67},"Tom",[49,28794,95],{"class":63},[49,28796,1197],{"class":85},[49,28798,4983],{"class":458},[49,28800,341],{"class":85},[49,28802,64],{"class":63},[49,28804,12788],{"class":67},[49,28806,95],{"class":63},[49,28808,1197],{"class":85},[49,28810,28811],{"class":458}," 95",[49,28813,341],{"class":85},[49,28815,64],{"class":63},[49,28817,28818],{"class":67},"Leo",[49,28820,95],{"class":63},[49,28822,1197],{"class":85},[49,28824,28825],{"class":458}," 88",[49,28827,9215],{"class":85},[49,28829,28830],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,28831,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,28833,28834,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,28835,28836],{"class":55},"removed_pair ",[49,28838,60],{"class":59},[49,28840,5018],{"class":55},[49,28842,32],{"class":85},[49,28844,28452],{"class":88},[49,28846,8548],{"class":85},[49,28848,28849],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,28850,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,28852,28853,28855,28857,28859,28862,28864,28866,28869],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,28854,110],{"class":109},[49,28856,92],{"class":85},[49,28858,95],{"class":63},[49,28860,28861],{"class":67},"Removed:",[49,28863,95],{"class":63},[49,28865,341],{"class":85},[49,28867,28868],{"class":88}," removed_pair",[49,28870,103],{"class":85},[49,28872,28873,28875,28877,28879,28882,28884,28886,28888],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,28874,110],{"class":109},[49,28876,92],{"class":85},[49,28878,95],{"class":63},[49,28880,28881],{"class":67},"After removal:",[49,28883,95],{"class":63},[49,28885,341],{"class":85},[49,28887,5018],{"class":88},[49,28889,103],{"class":85},[20,28891,28892],{},[666,28893,1974],{},[40,28895,28897],{"className":42,"code":28896,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28898,28899,28920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28900,28901,28904,28906,28908,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28902,28903],{"class":55},"Removed",[49,28905,1197],{"class":85},[49,28907,9142],{"class":85},[49,28909,1573],{"class":63},[49,28911,28818],{"class":67},[49,28913,1573],{"class":63},[49,28915,341],{"class":85},[49,28917,28825],{"class":458},[49,28919,103],{"class":85},[49,28921,28922,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,28923,28924],{"class":55},"After removal",[49,28926,1197],{"class":85},[49,28928,10398],{"class":85},[49,28930,1573],{"class":63},[49,28932,28792],{"class":67},[49,28934,1573],{"class":63},[49,28936,1197],{"class":85},[49,28938,4983],{"class":458},[49,28940,341],{"class":85},[49,28942,3202],{"class":63},[49,28944,12788],{"class":67},[49,28946,1573],{"class":63},[49,28948,1197],{"class":85},[49,28950,28811],{"class":458},[49,28952,9215],{"class":85},[20,28954,28955,28956,28959],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28957,28958],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[181,28961,28963],{"id":28962},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28965,28966,28967,28969],{},"Because ",[15,28968,12677],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[40,28971,28973],{"className":42,"code":28972,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28974,28975,29011,29015,29034,29038,29057,29076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,28976,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,28999,29001,29003,29005,29007,29009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,28978,15358],{"class":55},[49,28980,60],{"class":59},[49,28982,10398],{"class":85},[49,28984,95],{"class":63},[49,28986,15369],{"class":67},[49,28988,95],{"class":63},[49,28990,1197],{"class":85},[49,28992,64],{"class":63},[49,28994,15378],{"class":67},[49,28996,95],{"class":63},[49,28998,341],{"class":85},[49,29000,64],{"class":63},[49,29002,15389],{"class":67},[49,29004,95],{"class":63},[49,29006,1197],{"class":85},[49,29008,26814],{"class":458},[49,29010,9215],{"class":85},[49,29012,29013],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29014,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,29016,29017,29019,29021,29023,29025,29028,29030,29032],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,29018,14751],{"class":55},[49,29020,341],{"class":85},[49,29022,21494],{"class":55},[49,29024,60],{"class":59},[49,29026,29027],{"class":55}," book",[49,29029,32],{"class":85},[49,29031,28452],{"class":88},[49,29033,8548],{"class":85},[49,29035,29036],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,29037,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,29039,29040,29042,29044,29046,29049,29051,29053,29055],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,29041,110],{"class":109},[49,29043,92],{"class":85},[49,29045,95],{"class":63},[49,29047,29048],{"class":67},"Key:",[49,29050,95],{"class":63},[49,29052,341],{"class":85},[49,29054,21489],{"class":88},[49,29056,103],{"class":85},[49,29058,29059,29061,29063,29065,29068,29070,29072,29074],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,29060,110],{"class":109},[49,29062,92],{"class":85},[49,29064,95],{"class":63},[49,29066,29067],{"class":67},"Value:",[49,29069,95],{"class":63},[49,29071,341],{"class":85},[49,29073,8341],{"class":88},[49,29075,103],{"class":85},[49,29077,29078,29080,29082,29084,29087,29089,29091,29093],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,29079,110],{"class":109},[49,29081,92],{"class":85},[49,29083,95],{"class":63},[49,29085,29086],{"class":67},"Dictionary:",[49,29088,95],{"class":63},[49,29090,341],{"class":85},[49,29092,29027],{"class":88},[49,29094,103],{"class":85},[20,29096,29097],{},[666,29098,1974],{},[40,29100,29102],{"className":42,"code":29101,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29103,29104,29114,29124],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29105,29106,29109,29111],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29107,29108],{"class":55},"Key",[49,29110,1197],{"class":85},[49,29112,29113],{"class":55}," pages\n",[49,29115,29116,29119,29121],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29117,29118],{"class":55},"Value",[49,29120,1197],{"class":85},[49,29122,29123],{"class":458}," 200\n",[49,29125,29126,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,29127,29128],{"class":55},"Dictionary",[49,29130,1197],{"class":85},[49,29132,10398],{"class":85},[49,29134,1573],{"class":63},[49,29136,15369],{"class":67},[49,29138,1573],{"class":63},[49,29140,1197],{"class":85},[49,29142,3202],{"class":63},[49,29144,15378],{"class":67},[49,29146,1573],{"class":63},[49,29148,9215],{"class":85},[20,29150,29151],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[181,29153,29155],{"id":29154},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29157,29158,29159,28383,29161,32],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29160,12677],{},[666,29162,28386],{},[20,29164,214],{},[40,29166,29168],{"className":42,"code":29167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29169,29170,29214],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29171,29172,29174,29176,29178,29180,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194,29196,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210,29212],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29173,9071],{"class":55},[49,29175,60],{"class":59},[49,29177,10398],{"class":85},[49,29179,95],{"class":63},[49,29181,283],{"class":67},[49,29183,95],{"class":63},[49,29185,1197],{"class":85},[49,29187,1264],{"class":458},[49,29189,341],{"class":85},[49,29191,64],{"class":63},[49,29193,11652],{"class":67},[49,29195,95],{"class":63},[49,29197,1197],{"class":85},[49,29199,2896],{"class":458},[49,29201,341],{"class":85},[49,29203,64],{"class":63},[49,29205,618],{"class":67},[49,29207,95],{"class":63},[49,29209,1197],{"class":85},[49,29211,2354],{"class":458},[49,29213,9215],{"class":85},[49,29215,29216,29218,29220,29222,29224,29226],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29217,110],{"class":109},[49,29219,92],{"class":85},[49,29221,9110],{"class":88},[49,29223,32],{"class":85},[49,29225,28452],{"class":88},[49,29227,7100],{"class":85},[20,29229,29230],{},[666,29231,1974],{},[40,29233,29235],{"className":42,"code":29234,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29236,29237],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29238,29239,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29240,92],{"class":85},[49,29242,1573],{"class":63},[49,29244,618],{"class":67},[49,29246,1573],{"class":63},[49,29248,341],{"class":85},[49,29250,2354],{"class":458},[49,29252,103],{"class":85},[20,29254,29255],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29257,29258,29259,29261,29262,29264],{},"As a beginner, do ",[666,29260,4536],{}," think of ",[15,29263,12677],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29266,29267,29268,2091,29272,1455,29276,32],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[820,29269,29270],{"href":16986},[15,29271,16989],{},[820,29273,29274],{"href":16974},[15,29275,16977],{},[820,29277,29278],{"href":16980},[15,29279,16983],{},[181,29281,29283,29284,380,29286],{"id":29282},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29285,12677],{},[15,29287,12670],{},[20,29289,29290,380,29292,29294],{},[15,29291,12677],{},[15,29293,12670],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[353,29296,29297],{"id":28452},[15,29298,12677],{},[194,29300,29301,29304,29307],{},[197,29302,29303],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[197,29305,29306],{},"does not need a key argument",[197,29308,3597,29309],{},[15,29310,21565],{},[353,29312,29313],{"id":26150},[15,29314,12670],{},[194,29316,29317,29320,29323],{},[197,29318,29319],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[197,29321,29322],{},"needs the key name",[197,29324,29325],{},"returns only the value",[20,29327,214],{},[40,29329,29331],{"className":42,"code":29330,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29332,29333,29377,29381,29395,29415,29419,29441,29460,29464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29334,29335,29337,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347,29349,29351,29353,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29336,9071],{"class":55},[49,29338,60],{"class":59},[49,29340,10398],{"class":85},[49,29342,95],{"class":63},[49,29344,820],{"class":67},[49,29346,95],{"class":63},[49,29348,1197],{"class":85},[49,29350,1264],{"class":458},[49,29352,341],{"class":85},[49,29354,64],{"class":63},[49,29356,4667],{"class":67},[49,29358,95],{"class":63},[49,29360,1197],{"class":85},[49,29362,2896],{"class":458},[49,29364,341],{"class":85},[49,29366,64],{"class":63},[49,29368,9646],{"class":67},[49,29370,95],{"class":63},[49,29372,1197],{"class":85},[49,29374,2354],{"class":458},[49,29376,9215],{"class":85},[49,29378,29379],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29380,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,29382,29383,29385,29387,29389,29391,29393],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,29384,28443],{"class":55},[49,29386,60],{"class":59},[49,29388,14476],{"class":55},[49,29390,32],{"class":85},[49,29392,28452],{"class":88},[49,29394,8548],{"class":85},[49,29396,29397,29399,29401,29403,29406,29408,29410,29413],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,29398,110],{"class":109},[49,29400,92],{"class":85},[49,29402,95],{"class":63},[49,29404,29405],{"class":67},"popitem():",[49,29407,95],{"class":63},[49,29409,341],{"class":85},[49,29411,29412],{"class":88}," item",[49,29414,103],{"class":85},[49,29416,29417],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,29418,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,29420,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,29422,2349],{"class":55},[49,29424,60],{"class":59},[49,29426,14476],{"class":55},[49,29428,32],{"class":85},[49,29430,26150],{"class":88},[49,29432,92],{"class":85},[49,29434,95],{"class":63},[49,29436,820],{"class":67},[49,29438,95],{"class":63},[49,29440,103],{"class":85},[49,29442,29443,29445,29447,29449,29452,29454,29456,29458],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,29444,110],{"class":109},[49,29446,92],{"class":85},[49,29448,95],{"class":63},[49,29450,29451],{"class":67},"pop('a'):",[49,29453,95],{"class":63},[49,29455,341],{"class":85},[49,29457,8341],{"class":88},[49,29459,103],{"class":85},[49,29461,29462],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,29463,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,29465,29466,29468,29470,29472],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,29467,110],{"class":109},[49,29469,92],{"class":85},[49,29471,9110],{"class":88},[49,29473,103],{"class":85},[20,29475,29476],{},[666,29477,1974],{},[40,29479,29481],{"className":42,"code":29480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29482,29483,29504,29521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29484,29485,29487,29490,29492,29494,29496,29498,29500,29502],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29486,28452],{"class":88},[49,29488,29489],{"class":85},"():",[49,29491,9142],{"class":85},[49,29493,1573],{"class":63},[49,29495,9646],{"class":67},[49,29497,1573],{"class":63},[49,29499,341],{"class":85},[49,29501,2354],{"class":458},[49,29503,103],{"class":85},[49,29505,29506,29508,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29507,26150],{"class":88},[49,29509,92],{"class":85},[49,29511,1573],{"class":63},[49,29513,820],{"class":67},[49,29515,1573],{"class":63},[49,29517,16363],{"class":85},[49,29519,29520],{"class":458}," 1\n",[49,29522,29523,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533,29535],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,29524,9184],{"class":85},[49,29526,1573],{"class":63},[49,29528,4667],{"class":67},[49,29530,1573],{"class":63},[49,29532,1197],{"class":85},[49,29534,2896],{"class":458},[49,29536,9215],{"class":85},[20,29538,35,29539,29543],{},[820,29540,29541],{"href":12474},[15,29542,12670],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29545,35,29546,29548],{},[15,29547,12677],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[181,29550,29552],{"id":29551},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29554,29555,29556,29558],{},"Calling ",[15,29557,12677],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[40,29560,29562],{"className":42,"code":29561,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29563,29564,29572],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29565,29566,29568,29570],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29567,9071],{"class":55},[49,29569,60],{"class":59},[49,29571,9745],{"class":85},[49,29573,29574,29576,29578,29580],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29575,9110],{"class":55},[49,29577,32],{"class":85},[49,29579,28452],{"class":88},[49,29581,8548],{"class":85},[20,29583,29584],{},[666,29585,29586],{},"Error:",[40,29588,29590],{"className":42,"code":29589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29591,29592],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29593,29594,29596,29598,29600,29603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29595,19598],{"class":2804},[49,29597,1197],{"class":85},[49,29599,3202],{"class":63},[49,29601,29602],{"class":67},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[49,29604,29605],{"class":63},"'\n",[353,29607,29609],{"id":29608},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[40,29611,29613],{"className":42,"code":29612,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29614,29615,29623,29627,29635,29650,29660,29666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29616,29617,29619,29621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29618,9071],{"class":55},[49,29620,60],{"class":59},[49,29622,9745],{"class":85},[49,29624,29625],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29626,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,29628,29629,29631,29633],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,29630,1211],{"class":1210},[49,29632,14476],{"class":55},[49,29634,1226],{"class":85},[49,29636,29637,29640,29642,29644,29646,29648],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,29638,29639],{"class":55},"    item ",[49,29641,60],{"class":59},[49,29643,14476],{"class":55},[49,29645,32],{"class":85},[49,29647,28452],{"class":88},[49,29649,8548],{"class":85},[49,29651,29652,29654,29656,29658],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,29653,1273],{"class":109},[49,29655,92],{"class":85},[49,29657,23220],{"class":88},[49,29659,103],{"class":85},[49,29661,29662,29664],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,29663,1416],{"class":1210},[49,29665,1226],{"class":85},[49,29667,29668,29670,29672,29674,29677,29679],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,29669,1273],{"class":109},[49,29671,92],{"class":85},[49,29673,95],{"class":63},[49,29675,29676],{"class":67},"Dictionary is empty",[49,29678,95],{"class":63},[49,29680,103],{"class":85},[353,29682,29684,29685],{"id":29683},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29686,29687],{},"try-except",[40,29689,29691],{"className":42,"code":29690,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29692,29693,29701,29705,29712,29726,29736,29746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29694,29695,29697,29699],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29696,9071],{"class":55},[49,29698,60],{"class":59},[49,29700,9745],{"class":85},[49,29702,29703],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29704,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,29706,29707,29710],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,29708,29709],{"class":1210},"try",[49,29711,1226],{"class":85},[49,29713,29714,29716,29718,29720,29722,29724],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,29715,29639],{"class":55},[49,29717,60],{"class":59},[49,29719,14476],{"class":55},[49,29721,32],{"class":85},[49,29723,28452],{"class":88},[49,29725,8548],{"class":85},[49,29727,29728,29730,29732,29734],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,29729,1273],{"class":109},[49,29731,92],{"class":85},[49,29733,23220],{"class":88},[49,29735,103],{"class":85},[49,29737,29738,29741,29744],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,29739,29740],{"class":1210},"except",[49,29742,29743],{"class":2804}," KeyError",[49,29745,1226],{"class":85},[49,29747,29748,29750,29752,29754,29757,29759],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,29749,1273],{"class":109},[49,29751,92],{"class":85},[49,29753,95],{"class":63},[49,29755,29756],{"class":67},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[49,29758,95],{"class":63},[49,29760,103],{"class":85},[20,29762,29763,29764,32],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[820,29765,1129,29767],{"href":29766},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29768,29769],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[181,29771,4868,29773],{"id":29772},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29774,12677],{},[20,29776,29777,29779],{},[15,29778,12677],{}," is useful when:",[194,29781,29782,29785,29788],{},[197,29783,29784],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[197,29786,29787],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[197,29789,29790],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29792,29793],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[40,29795,29797],{"className":42,"code":29796,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29798,29799,29808,29828,29848,29866,29870,29874,29884,29903],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29800,29801,29804,29806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29802,29803],{"class":55},"tasks ",[49,29805,60],{"class":59},[49,29807,11399],{"class":85},[49,29809,29810,29812,29815,29817,29819,29821,29824,29826],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29811,11404],{"class":63},[49,29813,29814],{"class":67},"first",[49,29816,95],{"class":63},[49,29818,1197],{"class":85},[49,29820,64],{"class":63},[49,29822,29823],{"class":67},"wash dishes",[49,29825,95],{"class":63},[49,29827,11420],{"class":85},[49,29829,29830,29832,29835,29837,29839,29841,29844,29846],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,29831,11404],{"class":63},[49,29833,29834],{"class":67},"second",[49,29836,95],{"class":63},[49,29838,1197],{"class":85},[49,29840,64],{"class":63},[49,29842,29843],{"class":67},"do homework",[49,29845,95],{"class":63},[49,29847,11420],{"class":85},[49,29849,29850,29852,29855,29857,29859,29861,29864],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,29851,11404],{"class":63},[49,29853,29854],{"class":67},"third",[49,29856,95],{"class":63},[49,29858,1197],{"class":85},[49,29860,64],{"class":63},[49,29862,29863],{"class":67},"read book",[49,29865,71],{"class":63},[49,29867,29868],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,29869,9215],{"class":85},[49,29871,29872],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,29873,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,29875,29876,29879,29882],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,29877,29878],{"class":1210},"while",[49,29880,29881],{"class":55}," tasks",[49,29883,1226],{"class":85},[49,29885,29886,29889,29891,29893,29895,29897,29899,29901],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,29887,29888],{"class":55},"    key",[49,29890,341],{"class":85},[49,29892,21494],{"class":55},[49,29894,60],{"class":59},[49,29896,29881],{"class":55},[49,29898,32],{"class":85},[49,29900,28452],{"class":88},[49,29902,8548],{"class":85},[49,29904,29905,29907,29909,29911,29913,29915,29917,29919,29921,29923,29925,29927,29929],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,29906,1273],{"class":109},[49,29908,92],{"class":85},[49,29910,22203],{"class":1968},[49,29912,95],{"class":67},[49,29914,9184],{"class":458},[49,29916,14751],{"class":88},[49,29918,22212],{"class":458},[49,29920,22215],{"class":67},[49,29922,9184],{"class":458},[49,29924,338],{"class":88},[49,29926,22212],{"class":458},[49,29928,95],{"class":67},[49,29930,103],{"class":85},[20,29932,29933],{},[666,29934,29935],{},"Possible output:",[40,29937,29939],{"className":42,"code":29938,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29940,29941,29950,29959],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,29942,29943,29945,29947],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,29944,29854],{"class":55},[49,29946,1197],{"class":85},[49,29948,29949],{"class":55}," read book\n",[49,29951,29952,29954,29956],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,29953,29834],{"class":55},[49,29955,1197],{"class":85},[49,29957,29958],{"class":55}," do homework\n",[49,29960,29961,29963,29965],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,29962,29814],{"class":55},[49,29964,1197],{"class":85},[49,29966,29967],{"class":55}," wash dishes\n",[20,29969,28966,29970,29972],{},[15,29971,12677],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[181,29974,1308],{"id":1307},[20,29976,14643,29977,1197],{},[15,29978,12677],{},[194,29980,29981,29995,30014,30025],{},[197,29982,29983,29988],{},[666,29984,29555,29985,29987],{},[15,29986,12677],{}," on an empty dictionary",[194,29989,29990],{},[197,29991,29992,29993,32],{},"This raises ",[15,29994,19598],{},[197,29996,29997,30002],{},[666,29998,1318,29999,30001],{},[15,30000,12677],{}," to remove a specific key",[194,30003,30004,30007],{},[197,30005,30006],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[197,30008,35,30009,30013],{},[820,30010,30011],{"href":12474},[15,30012,12670],{}," if you need that.",[197,30015,30016,30020],{},[666,30017,4610,30018,27605],{},[15,30019,12677],{},[194,30021,30022],{},[197,30023,30024],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[197,30026,30027,30030],{},[666,30028,30029],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[194,30031,30032],{},[197,30033,30034,21885,30036,30038],{},[15,30035,12677],{},[15,30037,21565],{}," tuple.",[20,30040,30041],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[40,30043,30045],{"className":42,"code":30044,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30046,30047,30057,30071,30075,30089],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30048,30049,30051,30053,30055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30050,110],{"class":109},[49,30052,92],{"class":85},[49,30054,11355],{"class":88},[49,30056,103],{"class":85},[49,30058,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,30060,110],{"class":109},[49,30062,92],{"class":85},[49,30064,1631],{"class":109},[49,30066,92],{"class":85},[49,30068,11355],{"class":88},[49,30070,1581],{"class":85},[49,30072,30073],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,30074,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,30076,30077,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,30078,28443],{"class":55},[49,30080,60],{"class":59},[49,30082,11673],{"class":55},[49,30084,32],{"class":85},[49,30086,28452],{"class":88},[49,30088,8548],{"class":85},[49,30090,30091,30093,30095,30097],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,30092,110],{"class":109},[49,30094,92],{"class":85},[49,30096,23220],{"class":88},[49,30098,103],{"class":85},[20,30100,30101],{},"Or with unpacking:",[40,30103,30105],{"className":42,"code":30104,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30106,30107,30125,30135],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30108,30109,30111,30113,30115,30117,30119,30121,30123],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30110,14751],{"class":55},[49,30112,341],{"class":85},[49,30114,21494],{"class":55},[49,30116,60],{"class":59},[49,30118,11673],{"class":55},[49,30120,32],{"class":85},[49,30122,28452],{"class":88},[49,30124,8548],{"class":85},[49,30126,30127,30129,30131,30133],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,30128,110],{"class":109},[49,30130,92],{"class":85},[49,30132,14751],{"class":88},[49,30134,103],{"class":85},[49,30136,30137,30139,30141,30143],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,30138,110],{"class":109},[49,30140,92],{"class":85},[49,30142,338],{"class":88},[49,30144,103],{"class":85},[181,30146,1704],{"id":1703},[353,30148,5050,30150,5053],{"id":30149},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30151,12677],{},[20,30153,30154,30155,32],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30156,30157],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[353,30159,1720,30161,30163],{"id":30160},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30162,12677],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30165,30166],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[353,30168,30170,30171,30173],{"id":30169},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30172,12677],{}," removes?",[20,30175,30176,30177,30181],{},"No. Use ",[820,30178,30179],{"href":12474},[15,30180,12670],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[353,30183,1720,30185,14806],{"id":30184},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30186,12677],{},[20,30188,30189],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[353,30191,30193,30194,30196],{"id":30192},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30195,12677],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30198,30199,30200,30202,30203,32],{},"It raises ",[15,30201,19598],{}," with the message ",[15,30204,29602],{},[181,30206,1775],{"id":1774},[194,30208,30209,30216,30222,30228,30234,30241,30245,30249],{},[197,30210,30211],{},[820,30212,30213,30215],{"href":12474},[15,30214,12670],{}," method for dictionaries",[197,30217,30218],{},[820,30219,30220,30215],{"href":16986},[15,30221,16989],{},[197,30223,30224],{},[820,30225,30226,30215],{"href":16974},[15,30227,16977],{},[197,30229,30230],{},[820,30231,30232,30215],{"href":16980},[15,30233,16983],{},[197,30235,30236],{},[820,30237,30239,30215],{"href":30238},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30240,11228],{},[197,30242,30243],{},[820,30244,12694],{"href":12481},[197,30246,30247],{},[820,30248,21367],{"href":16508},[197,30250,30251],{},[820,30252,30253,30254],{"href":29766},"Fix ",[15,30255,29769],{},[1834,30257,30258],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":30260},[30261,30262,30264,30265,30266,30267,30268,30269,30274,30279,30281,30282,30294],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":28539,"depth":74,"text":30263},"What popitem() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":28609,"depth":74,"text":28610},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":28962,"depth":74,"text":28963},{"id":29154,"depth":74,"text":29155},{"id":29282,"depth":74,"text":30270,"children":30271},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30272,30273],{"id":28452,"depth":106,"text":12677},{"id":26150,"depth":106,"text":12670},{"id":29551,"depth":74,"text":29552,"children":30275},[30276,30277],{"id":29608,"depth":106,"text":29609},{"id":29683,"depth":106,"text":30278},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29772,"depth":74,"text":30280},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":30283},[30284,30286,30288,30290,30292],{"id":30149,"depth":106,"text":30285},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30160,"depth":106,"text":30287},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30169,"depth":106,"text":30289},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30184,"depth":106,"text":30291},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30192,"depth":106,"text":30293},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28278,"description":30295},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30302,"title":30303,"body":30304,"description":32207,"extension":1866,"meta":32208,"navigation":128,"path":13942,"seo":32209,"stem":32210,"__hash__":32211},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30305,"toc":32179},[30306,30311,30316,30319,30321,30418,30423,30428,30433,30436,30444,30447,30462,30464,30564,30566,30623,30627,30629,30632,30652,30657,30668,30671,30698,30701,30703,30760,30762,30783,30789,30794,30797,30808,30810,30918,30920,30973,30975,30987,30994,31000,31005,31008,31096,31098,31143,31146,31154,31157,31160,31229,31232,31235,31239,31242,31313,31315,31368,31371,31374,31377,31392,31395,31407,31410,31473,31475,31481,31483,31485,31564,31566,31607,31609,31674,31676,31713,31718,31723,31727,31741,31744,31867,31869,31954,31959,31961,31965,31987,31990,32070,32073,32092,32097,32099,32105,32110,32116,32119,32125,32128,32134,32139,32145,32151,32153,32176],[10,30307,11225,30309,18],{"id":30308},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30310,14864],{},[20,30312,661,30313,30315],{},[15,30314,14864],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30317,30318],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[181,30320,1907],{"id":1906},[40,30322,30324],{"className":42,"code":30323,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30325,30326,30362,30403,30413],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30327,30328,30330,30332,30334,30336,30338,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30352,30354,30356,30358,30360],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30329,13113],{"class":55},[49,30331,60],{"class":59},[49,30333,10398],{"class":85},[49,30335,95],{"class":63},[49,30337,7575],{"class":67},[49,30339,95],{"class":63},[49,30341,1197],{"class":85},[49,30343,64],{"class":63},[49,30345,12788],{"class":67},[49,30347,95],{"class":63},[49,30349,341],{"class":85},[49,30351,64],{"class":63},[49,30353,9205],{"class":67},[49,30355,95],{"class":63},[49,30357,1197],{"class":85},[49,30359,7698],{"class":458},[49,30361,9215],{"class":85},[49,30363,30364,30366,30368,30371,30373,30375,30377,30379,30381,30384,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,30365,17218],{"class":55},[49,30367,32],{"class":85},[49,30369,30370],{"class":88},"update",[49,30372,5436],{"class":85},[49,30374,95],{"class":63},[49,30376,9205],{"class":67},[49,30378,95],{"class":63},[49,30380,1197],{"class":85},[49,30382,30383],{"class":458}," 21",[49,30385,341],{"class":85},[49,30387,64],{"class":63},[49,30389,10316],{"class":67},[49,30391,95],{"class":63},[49,30393,1197],{"class":85},[49,30395,64],{"class":63},[49,30397,15942],{"class":67},[49,30399,95],{"class":63},[49,30401,30402],{"class":85},"})\n",[49,30404,30405,30407,30409,30411],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,30406,110],{"class":109},[49,30408,92],{"class":85},[49,30410,17218],{"class":88},[49,30412,103],{"class":85},[49,30414,30415],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,30416,30417],{"class":121},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30419,35,30420,30422],{},[15,30421,14864],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[181,30424,184,30426,187],{"id":30425},"what-update-does",[15,30427,14864],{},[20,30429,30430,30432],{},[15,30431,14864],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30434,30435],{},"It can do two main things:",[194,30437,30438,30441],{},[197,30439,30440],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[197,30442,30443],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30445,30446],{},"Important things to know:",[194,30448,30449,30452,30455,30459],{},[197,30450,30451],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[197,30453,30454],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[197,30456,1714,30457],{},[15,30458,3684],{},[197,30460,30461],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30463,214],{},[40,30465,30467],{"className":42,"code":30466,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30468,30469,30511,30554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30470,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30507,30509],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30472,12771],{"class":55},[49,30474,60],{"class":59},[49,30476,10398],{"class":85},[49,30478,95],{"class":63},[49,30480,7575],{"class":67},[49,30482,95],{"class":63},[49,30484,1197],{"class":85},[49,30486,64],{"class":63},[49,30488,30489],{"class":67},"Mira",[49,30491,95],{"class":63},[49,30493,341],{"class":85},[49,30495,64],{"class":63},[49,30497,19802],{"class":67},[49,30499,95],{"class":63},[49,30501,1197],{"class":85},[49,30503,64],{"class":63},[49,30505,30506],{"class":67},"B",[49,30508,95],{"class":63},[49,30510,9215],{"class":85},[49,30512,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30550,30552],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,30514,13535],{"class":55},[49,30516,32],{"class":85},[49,30518,30370],{"class":88},[49,30520,5436],{"class":85},[49,30522,95],{"class":63},[49,30524,19802],{"class":67},[49,30526,95],{"class":63},[49,30528,1197],{"class":85},[49,30530,64],{"class":63},[49,30532,22154],{"class":67},[49,30534,95],{"class":63},[49,30536,341],{"class":85},[49,30538,64],{"class":63},[49,30540,10316],{"class":67},[49,30542,95],{"class":63},[49,30544,1197],{"class":85},[49,30546,64],{"class":63},[49,30548,30549],{"class":67},"Quito",[49,30551,95],{"class":63},[49,30553,30402],{"class":85},[49,30555,30556,30558,30560,30562],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,30557,110],{"class":109},[49,30559,92],{"class":85},[49,30561,13535],{"class":88},[49,30563,103],{"class":85},[20,30565,1974],{},[40,30567,30569],{"className":42,"code":30568,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30570,30571],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30572,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589,30591,30593,30595,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30574,9184],{"class":85},[49,30576,1573],{"class":63},[49,30578,7575],{"class":67},[49,30580,1573],{"class":63},[49,30582,1197],{"class":85},[49,30584,3202],{"class":63},[49,30586,30489],{"class":67},[49,30588,1573],{"class":63},[49,30590,341],{"class":85},[49,30592,3202],{"class":63},[49,30594,19802],{"class":67},[49,30596,1573],{"class":63},[49,30598,1197],{"class":85},[49,30600,3202],{"class":63},[49,30602,22154],{"class":67},[49,30604,1573],{"class":63},[49,30606,341],{"class":85},[49,30608,3202],{"class":63},[49,30610,10316],{"class":67},[49,30612,1573],{"class":63},[49,30614,1197],{"class":85},[49,30616,3202],{"class":63},[49,30618,30549],{"class":67},[49,30620,1573],{"class":63},[49,30622,9215],{"class":85},[20,30624,9057,30625,32],{},[820,30626,24538],{"href":9297},[181,30628,316],{"id":315},[20,30630,30631],{},"The basic form is:",[40,30633,30635],{"className":42,"code":30634,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30636,30637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30638,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30640,15515],{"class":55},[49,30642,32],{"class":85},[49,30644,30370],{"class":88},[49,30646,92],{"class":85},[49,30648,30649],{"class":88},"other",[49,30651,103],{"class":85},[20,30653,30654,30656],{},[15,30655,30649],{}," can be:",[194,30658,30659,30662,30665],{},[197,30660,30661],{},"Another dictionary",[197,30663,30664],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[197,30666,30667],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30669,30670],{},"You can also use:",[40,30672,30674],{"className":42,"code":30673,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30675,30676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30677,30678,30680,30682,30684,30686,30688,30690,30692,30694,30696],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30679,15515],{"class":55},[49,30681,32],{"class":85},[49,30683,30370],{"class":88},[49,30685,92],{"class":85},[49,30687,7575],{"class":9081},[49,30689,60],{"class":59},[49,30691,95],{"class":63},[49,30693,7584],{"class":67},[49,30695,95],{"class":63},[49,30697,103],{"class":85},[20,30699,30700],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30702,214],{},[40,30704,30706],{"className":42,"code":30705,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30707,30708,30728,30750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30709,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30711,9071],{"class":55},[49,30713,60],{"class":59},[49,30715,10398],{"class":85},[49,30717,95],{"class":63},[49,30719,820],{"class":67},[49,30721,95],{"class":63},[49,30723,1197],{"class":85},[49,30725,1264],{"class":458},[49,30727,9215],{"class":85},[49,30729,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,30731,9110],{"class":55},[49,30733,32],{"class":85},[49,30735,30370],{"class":88},[49,30737,5436],{"class":85},[49,30739,95],{"class":63},[49,30741,820],{"class":67},[49,30743,95],{"class":63},[49,30745,1197],{"class":85},[49,30747,5911],{"class":458},[49,30749,30402],{"class":85},[49,30751,30752,30754,30756,30758],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,30753,110],{"class":109},[49,30755,92],{"class":85},[49,30757,9110],{"class":88},[49,30759,103],{"class":85},[20,30761,1974],{},[40,30763,30765],{"className":42,"code":30764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30766,30767],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30768,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30770,9184],{"class":85},[49,30772,1573],{"class":63},[49,30774,820],{"class":67},[49,30776,1573],{"class":63},[49,30778,1197],{"class":85},[49,30780,5911],{"class":458},[49,30782,9215],{"class":85},[181,30784,644,30786,30788],{"id":30785},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30787,14864],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30790,30791,30792,32],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30793,14864],{},[20,30795,30796],{},"It is useful when:",[194,30798,30799,30802,30805],{},[197,30800,30801],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[197,30803,30804],{},"Adding extra settings",[197,30806,30807],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30809,214],{},[40,30811,30813],{"className":42,"code":30812,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30814,30815,30852,30889,30893,30908],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30816,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833,30835,30837,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30850],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30818,13735],{"class":55},[49,30820,60],{"class":59},[49,30822,10398],{"class":85},[49,30824,95],{"class":63},[49,30826,12402],{"class":67},[49,30828,95],{"class":63},[49,30830,1197],{"class":85},[49,30832,64],{"class":63},[49,30834,20837],{"class":67},[49,30836,95],{"class":63},[49,30838,341],{"class":85},[49,30840,64],{"class":63},[49,30842,13760],{"class":67},[49,30844,95],{"class":63},[49,30846,1197],{"class":85},[49,30848,30849],{"class":458}," 12",[49,30851,9215],{"class":85},[49,30853,30854,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885,30887],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,30855,30856],{"class":55},"new_settings ",[49,30858,60],{"class":59},[49,30860,10398],{"class":85},[49,30862,95],{"class":63},[49,30864,13760],{"class":67},[49,30866,95],{"class":63},[49,30868,1197],{"class":85},[49,30870,13767],{"class":458},[49,30872,341],{"class":85},[49,30874,64],{"class":63},[49,30876,20034],{"class":67},[49,30878,95],{"class":63},[49,30880,1197],{"class":85},[49,30882,64],{"class":63},[49,30884,20068],{"class":67},[49,30886,95],{"class":63},[49,30888,9215],{"class":85},[49,30890,30891],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,30892,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,30894,30895,30897,30899,30901,30903,30906],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,30896,13794],{"class":55},[49,30898,32],{"class":85},[49,30900,30370],{"class":88},[49,30902,92],{"class":85},[49,30904,30905],{"class":88},"new_settings",[49,30907,103],{"class":85},[49,30909,30910,30912,30914,30916],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,30911,110],{"class":109},[49,30913,92],{"class":85},[49,30915,13794],{"class":88},[49,30917,103],{"class":85},[20,30919,1974],{},[40,30921,30923],{"className":42,"code":30922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30924,30925],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,30926,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,30928,9184],{"class":85},[49,30930,1573],{"class":63},[49,30932,12402],{"class":67},[49,30934,1573],{"class":63},[49,30936,1197],{"class":85},[49,30938,3202],{"class":63},[49,30940,20837],{"class":67},[49,30942,1573],{"class":63},[49,30944,341],{"class":85},[49,30946,3202],{"class":63},[49,30948,13760],{"class":67},[49,30950,1573],{"class":63},[49,30952,1197],{"class":85},[49,30954,13767],{"class":458},[49,30956,341],{"class":85},[49,30958,3202],{"class":63},[49,30960,20034],{"class":67},[49,30962,1573],{"class":63},[49,30964,1197],{"class":85},[49,30966,3202],{"class":63},[49,30968,20068],{"class":67},[49,30970,1573],{"class":63},[49,30972,9215],{"class":85},[20,30974,13318],{},[194,30976,30977,30982],{},[197,30978,30979,30981],{},[15,30980,13760],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[197,30983,30984,30986],{},[15,30985,20034],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30988,30989,30990,32],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[820,30991,30993],{"href":30992},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[181,30995,644,30997,30999],{"id":30996},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30998,14864],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31001,31002,31004],{},[15,31003,14864],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31006,31007],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[40,31009,31011],{"className":42,"code":31010,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31012,31013,31033,31068,31072,31086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31014,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31025,31027,31029,31031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31016,4971],{"class":55},[49,31018,60],{"class":59},[49,31020,10398],{"class":85},[49,31022,95],{"class":63},[49,31024,18327],{"class":67},[49,31026,95],{"class":63},[49,31028,1197],{"class":85},[49,31030,19809],{"class":458},[49,31032,9215],{"class":85},[49,31034,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31060,31062,31064,31066],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,31036,9121],{"class":55},[49,31038,60],{"class":59},[49,31040,9126],{"class":85},[49,31042,95],{"class":63},[49,31044,18336],{"class":67},[49,31046,95],{"class":63},[49,31048,341],{"class":85},[49,31050,13416],{"class":458},[49,31052,9139],{"class":85},[49,31054,9142],{"class":85},[49,31056,95],{"class":63},[49,31058,31059],{"class":67},"english",[49,31061,95],{"class":63},[49,31063,341],{"class":85},[49,31065,28825],{"class":458},[49,31067,9155],{"class":85},[49,31069,31070],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,31071,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,31073,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,31075,16300],{"class":55},[49,31077,32],{"class":85},[49,31079,30370],{"class":88},[49,31081,92],{"class":85},[49,31083,9168],{"class":88},[49,31085,103],{"class":85},[49,31087,31088,31090,31092,31094],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,31089,110],{"class":109},[49,31091,92],{"class":85},[49,31093,16300],{"class":88},[49,31095,103],{"class":85},[20,31097,1974],{},[40,31099,31101],{"className":42,"code":31100,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31102,31103],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31104,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31106,9184],{"class":85},[49,31108,1573],{"class":63},[49,31110,18327],{"class":67},[49,31112,1573],{"class":63},[49,31114,1197],{"class":85},[49,31116,19809],{"class":458},[49,31118,341],{"class":85},[49,31120,3202],{"class":63},[49,31122,18336],{"class":67},[49,31124,1573],{"class":63},[49,31126,1197],{"class":85},[49,31128,13416],{"class":458},[49,31130,341],{"class":85},[49,31132,3202],{"class":63},[49,31134,31059],{"class":67},[49,31136,1573],{"class":63},[49,31138,1197],{"class":85},[49,31140,28825],{"class":458},[49,31142,9215],{"class":85},[20,31144,31145],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[194,31147,31148,31151],{},[197,31149,31150],{},"The key",[197,31152,31153],{},"The value",[20,31155,31156],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31158,31159],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[40,31161,31163],{"className":42,"code":31162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31164,31165,31185,31210,31214],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31166,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31168,9071],{"class":55},[49,31170,60],{"class":59},[49,31172,10398],{"class":85},[49,31174,95],{"class":63},[49,31176,820],{"class":67},[49,31178,95],{"class":63},[49,31180,1197],{"class":85},[49,31182,1264],{"class":458},[49,31184,9215],{"class":85},[49,31186,31187,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,31188,31189],{"class":55},"bad_pairs ",[49,31191,60],{"class":59},[49,31193,9126],{"class":85},[49,31195,95],{"class":63},[49,31197,4667],{"class":67},[49,31199,95],{"class":63},[49,31201,341],{"class":85},[49,31203,2896],{"class":458},[49,31205,341],{"class":85},[49,31207,2354],{"class":458},[49,31209,9155],{"class":85},[49,31211,31212],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,31213,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,31215,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31227],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,31217,9110],{"class":55},[49,31219,32],{"class":85},[49,31221,30370],{"class":88},[49,31223,92],{"class":85},[49,31225,31226],{"class":88},"bad_pairs",[49,31228,103],{"class":85},[20,31230,31231],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31233,31234],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[181,31236,31238],{"id":31237},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31240,31241],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[40,31243,31245],{"className":42,"code":31244,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31246,31247,31271,31303],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31248,31249,31251,31253,31255,31257,31259,31261,31263,31265,31267,31269],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31250,11394],{"class":55},[49,31252,60],{"class":59},[49,31254,10398],{"class":85},[49,31256,95],{"class":63},[49,31258,7575],{"class":67},[49,31260,95],{"class":63},[49,31262,1197],{"class":85},[49,31264,64],{"class":63},[49,31266,28818],{"class":67},[49,31268,95],{"class":63},[49,31270,9215],{"class":85},[49,31272,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31292,31294,31296,31299,31301],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,31274,11488],{"class":55},[49,31276,32],{"class":85},[49,31278,30370],{"class":88},[49,31280,92],{"class":85},[49,31282,9205],{"class":9081},[49,31284,60],{"class":59},[49,31286,9099],{"class":458},[49,31288,341],{"class":85},[49,31290,31291],{"class":9081}," city",[49,31293,60],{"class":59},[49,31295,95],{"class":63},[49,31297,31298],{"class":67},"Madrid",[49,31300,95],{"class":63},[49,31302,103],{"class":85},[49,31304,31305,31307,31309,31311],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,31306,110],{"class":109},[49,31308,92],{"class":85},[49,31310,11488],{"class":88},[49,31312,103],{"class":85},[20,31314,1974],{},[40,31316,31318],{"className":42,"code":31317,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31319,31320],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31321,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31323,9184],{"class":85},[49,31325,1573],{"class":63},[49,31327,7575],{"class":67},[49,31329,1573],{"class":63},[49,31331,1197],{"class":85},[49,31333,3202],{"class":63},[49,31335,28818],{"class":67},[49,31337,1573],{"class":63},[49,31339,341],{"class":85},[49,31341,3202],{"class":63},[49,31343,9205],{"class":67},[49,31345,1573],{"class":63},[49,31347,1197],{"class":85},[49,31349,9212],{"class":458},[49,31351,341],{"class":85},[49,31353,3202],{"class":63},[49,31355,10316],{"class":67},[49,31357,1573],{"class":63},[49,31359,1197],{"class":85},[49,31361,3202],{"class":63},[49,31363,31298],{"class":67},[49,31365,1573],{"class":63},[49,31367,9215],{"class":85},[20,31369,31370],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31372,31373],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31375,31376],{},"These work:",[194,31378,31379,31383,31387],{},[197,31380,31381],{},[15,31382,9205],{},[197,31384,31385],{},[15,31386,10316],{},[197,31388,31389],{},[15,31390,31391],{},"first_name",[20,31393,31394],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[194,31396,31397,31402],{},[197,31398,31399],{},[15,31400,31401],{},"\"first name\"",[197,31403,31404],{},[15,31405,31406],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31408,31409],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[40,31411,31413],{"className":42,"code":31412,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31414,31415,31423,31463],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31416,31417,31419,31421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31418,11394],{"class":55},[49,31420,60],{"class":59},[49,31422,9745],{"class":85},[49,31424,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31454,31456,31458,31461],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,31426,11488],{"class":55},[49,31428,32],{"class":85},[49,31430,30370],{"class":88},[49,31432,5436],{"class":85},[49,31434,95],{"class":63},[49,31436,10420],{"class":67},[49,31438,95],{"class":63},[49,31440,1197],{"class":85},[49,31442,64],{"class":63},[49,31444,28818],{"class":67},[49,31446,95],{"class":63},[49,31448,341],{"class":85},[49,31450,64],{"class":63},[49,31452,31453],{"class":67},"user-id",[49,31455,95],{"class":63},[49,31457,1197],{"class":85},[49,31459,31460],{"class":458}," 1001",[49,31462,30402],{"class":85},[49,31464,31465,31467,31469,31471],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,31466,110],{"class":109},[49,31468,92],{"class":85},[49,31470,11488],{"class":88},[49,31472,103],{"class":85},[181,31474,17328],{"id":17327},[20,31476,31477,1000,31479,32],{},[15,31478,14864],{},[15,31480,3684],{},[20,31482,13958],{},[20,31484,24618],{},[40,31486,31488],{"className":42,"code":31487,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31489,31490,31514,31540,31544,31554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31491,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500,31502,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31493,13113],{"class":55},[49,31495,60],{"class":59},[49,31497,10398],{"class":85},[49,31499,95],{"class":63},[49,31501,7575],{"class":67},[49,31503,95],{"class":63},[49,31505,1197],{"class":85},[49,31507,64],{"class":63},[49,31509,12788],{"class":67},[49,31511,95],{"class":63},[49,31513,9215],{"class":85},[49,31515,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,31517,2131],{"class":55},[49,31519,60],{"class":59},[49,31521,13156],{"class":55},[49,31523,32],{"class":85},[49,31525,30370],{"class":88},[49,31527,5436],{"class":85},[49,31529,95],{"class":63},[49,31531,9205],{"class":67},[49,31533,95],{"class":63},[49,31535,1197],{"class":85},[49,31537,7698],{"class":458},[49,31539,30402],{"class":85},[49,31541,31542],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,31543,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,31545,31546,31548,31550,31552],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,31547,110],{"class":109},[49,31549,92],{"class":85},[49,31551,2166],{"class":88},[49,31553,103],{"class":85},[49,31555,31556,31558,31560,31562],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,31557,110],{"class":109},[49,31559,92],{"class":85},[49,31561,17218],{"class":88},[49,31563,103],{"class":85},[20,31565,1974],{},[40,31567,31569],{"className":42,"code":31568,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31570,31571,31575],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31572,31573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31574,11715],{"class":3757},[49,31576,31577,31579,31581,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,31578,9184],{"class":85},[49,31580,1573],{"class":63},[49,31582,7575],{"class":67},[49,31584,1573],{"class":63},[49,31586,1197],{"class":85},[49,31588,3202],{"class":63},[49,31590,12788],{"class":67},[49,31592,1573],{"class":63},[49,31594,341],{"class":85},[49,31596,3202],{"class":63},[49,31598,9205],{"class":67},[49,31600,1573],{"class":63},[49,31602,1197],{"class":85},[49,31604,7698],{"class":458},[49,31606,9215],{"class":85},[20,31608,16567],{},[40,31610,31612],{"className":42,"code":31611,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31613,31614,31638,31660,31664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31615,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31617,13113],{"class":55},[49,31619,60],{"class":59},[49,31621,10398],{"class":85},[49,31623,95],{"class":63},[49,31625,7575],{"class":67},[49,31627,95],{"class":63},[49,31629,1197],{"class":85},[49,31631,64],{"class":63},[49,31633,12788],{"class":67},[49,31635,95],{"class":63},[49,31637,9215],{"class":85},[49,31639,31640,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,31641,17218],{"class":55},[49,31643,32],{"class":85},[49,31645,30370],{"class":88},[49,31647,5436],{"class":85},[49,31649,95],{"class":63},[49,31651,9205],{"class":67},[49,31653,95],{"class":63},[49,31655,1197],{"class":85},[49,31657,7698],{"class":458},[49,31659,30402],{"class":85},[49,31661,31662],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,31663,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,31665,31666,31668,31670,31672],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,31667,110],{"class":109},[49,31669,92],{"class":85},[49,31671,17218],{"class":88},[49,31673,103],{"class":85},[20,31675,1974],{},[40,31677,31679],{"className":42,"code":31678,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31680,31681],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31682,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709,31711],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31684,9184],{"class":85},[49,31686,1573],{"class":63},[49,31688,7575],{"class":67},[49,31690,1573],{"class":63},[49,31692,1197],{"class":85},[49,31694,3202],{"class":63},[49,31696,12788],{"class":67},[49,31698,1573],{"class":63},[49,31700,341],{"class":85},[49,31702,3202],{"class":63},[49,31704,9205],{"class":67},[49,31706,1573],{"class":63},[49,31708,1197],{"class":85},[49,31710,7698],{"class":458},[49,31712,9215],{"class":85},[20,31714,31715,31716,32],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[820,31717,17814],{"href":10638},[181,31719,4868,31721],{"id":31720},"when-to-use-update",[15,31722,14864],{},[20,31724,35,31725,10508],{},[15,31726,14864],{},[194,31728,31729,31732,31735,31738],{},[197,31730,31731],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[197,31733,31734],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[197,31736,31737],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[197,31739,31740],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31742,31743],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[40,31745,31747],{"className":42,"code":31746,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31748,31749,31785,31800,31804,31843,31847,31857],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31750,31751,31753,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31752,11993],{"class":55},[49,31754,60],{"class":59},[49,31756,10398],{"class":85},[49,31758,95],{"class":63},[49,31760,7575],{"class":67},[49,31762,95],{"class":63},[49,31764,1197],{"class":85},[49,31766,64],{"class":63},[49,31768,12788],{"class":67},[49,31770,95],{"class":63},[49,31772,341],{"class":85},[49,31774,64],{"class":63},[49,31776,9205],{"class":67},[49,31778,95],{"class":63},[49,31780,1197],{"class":85},[49,31782,7698],{"class":458},[49,31784,9215],{"class":85},[49,31786,31787,31790,31792,31794,31796,31798],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,31788,31789],{"class":55},"updated ",[49,31791,60],{"class":59},[49,31793,12068],{"class":55},[49,31795,32],{"class":85},[49,31797,12819],{"class":88},[49,31799,8548],{"class":85},[49,31801,31802],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,31803,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,31805,31806,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,31807,31808],{"class":55},"updated",[49,31810,32],{"class":85},[49,31812,30370],{"class":88},[49,31814,5436],{"class":85},[49,31816,95],{"class":63},[49,31818,9205],{"class":67},[49,31820,95],{"class":63},[49,31822,1197],{"class":85},[49,31824,30383],{"class":458},[49,31826,341],{"class":85},[49,31828,64],{"class":63},[49,31830,10316],{"class":67},[49,31832,95],{"class":63},[49,31834,1197],{"class":85},[49,31836,64],{"class":63},[49,31838,15942],{"class":67},[49,31840,95],{"class":63},[49,31842,30402],{"class":85},[49,31844,31845],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,31846,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,31848,31849,31851,31853,31855],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,31850,110],{"class":109},[49,31852,92],{"class":85},[49,31854,12040],{"class":88},[49,31856,103],{"class":85},[49,31858,31859,31861,31863,31865],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,31860,110],{"class":109},[49,31862,92],{"class":85},[49,31864,31808],{"class":88},[49,31866,103],{"class":85},[20,31868,1974],{},[40,31870,31872],{"className":42,"code":31871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31873,31874,31906],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31875,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31877,9184],{"class":85},[49,31879,1573],{"class":63},[49,31881,7575],{"class":67},[49,31883,1573],{"class":63},[49,31885,1197],{"class":85},[49,31887,3202],{"class":63},[49,31889,12788],{"class":67},[49,31891,1573],{"class":63},[49,31893,341],{"class":85},[49,31895,3202],{"class":63},[49,31897,9205],{"class":67},[49,31899,1573],{"class":63},[49,31901,1197],{"class":85},[49,31903,7698],{"class":458},[49,31905,9215],{"class":85},[49,31907,31908,31910,31912,31914,31916,31918,31920,31922,31924,31926,31928,31930,31932,31934,31936,31938,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,31909,9184],{"class":85},[49,31911,1573],{"class":63},[49,31913,7575],{"class":67},[49,31915,1573],{"class":63},[49,31917,1197],{"class":85},[49,31919,3202],{"class":63},[49,31921,12788],{"class":67},[49,31923,1573],{"class":63},[49,31925,341],{"class":85},[49,31927,3202],{"class":63},[49,31929,9205],{"class":67},[49,31931,1573],{"class":63},[49,31933,1197],{"class":85},[49,31935,30383],{"class":458},[49,31937,341],{"class":85},[49,31939,3202],{"class":63},[49,31941,10316],{"class":67},[49,31943,1573],{"class":63},[49,31945,1197],{"class":85},[49,31947,3202],{"class":63},[49,31949,15942],{"class":67},[49,31951,1573],{"class":63},[49,31953,9215],{"class":85},[20,31955,31956,31957,32],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[820,31958,16509],{"href":16508},[181,31960,1308],{"id":1307},[20,31962,10654,31963,1197],{},[15,31964,14864],{},[194,31966,31967,31974,31978,31981,31984],{},[197,31968,12502,31969,31971,31972],{},[15,31970,14864],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31973,3684],{},[197,31975,1318,31976,12510],{},[15,31977,14864],{},[197,31979,31980],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[197,31982,31983],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[197,31985,31986],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31988,31989],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[40,31991,31993],{"className":42,"code":31992,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31994,31995,32005,32019,32033,32055],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,31996,31997,31999,32001,32003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,31998,110],{"class":109},[49,32000,92],{"class":85},[49,32002,11355],{"class":88},[49,32004,103],{"class":85},[49,32006,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,32008,110],{"class":109},[49,32010,92],{"class":85},[49,32012,3127],{"class":2804},[49,32014,92],{"class":85},[49,32016,9110],{"class":88},[49,32018,1581],{"class":85},[49,32020,32021,32023,32025,32027,32029,32031],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,32022,110],{"class":109},[49,32024,92],{"class":85},[49,32026,8002],{"class":2804},[49,32028,92],{"class":85},[49,32030,9110],{"class":88},[49,32032,1581],{"class":85},[49,32034,32035,32037,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,32036,110],{"class":109},[49,32038,92],{"class":85},[49,32040,11355],{"class":88},[49,32042,32],{"class":85},[49,32044,19661],{"class":88},[49,32046,92],{"class":85},[49,32048,1573],{"class":63},[49,32050,14751],{"class":67},[49,32052,1573],{"class":63},[49,32054,1581],{"class":85},[49,32056,32057,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,32058,32059],{"class":109},"help",[49,32061,92],{"class":85},[49,32063,8726],{"class":2804},[49,32065,32],{"class":85},[49,32067,30370],{"class":24660},[49,32069,103],{"class":85},[20,32071,32072],{},"These can help you check:",[194,32074,32075,32078,32083,32086,32089],{},[197,32076,32077],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[197,32079,32080,32081],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32082,14864],{},[197,32084,32085],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[197,32087,32088],{},"Whether a key exists",[197,32090,32091],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32093,32094,32095,32],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[820,32096,11169],{"href":10981},[181,32098,1704],{"id":1703},[353,32100,1720,32102,32104],{"id":32101},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32103,14864],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32106,32107,32108,32],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32109,3684],{},[353,32111,1720,32113,32115],{"id":32112},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32114,14864],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32117,32118],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[353,32120,5077,32122,32124],{"id":32121},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32123,14864],{}," add new keys?",[20,32126,32127],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[353,32129,1760,32131,32133],{"id":32130},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32132,14864],{}," with a list?",[20,32135,32136,32137,32],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32138,11002],{},[353,32140,1740,32142,32144],{"id":32141},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32143,14864],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32146,32147,32148,32150],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32149,14864],{}," can change many keys at once.",[181,32152,1775],{"id":1774},[194,32154,32155,32159,32163,32168,32172],{},[197,32156,32157],{},[820,32158,26005],{"href":9297},[197,32160,32161],{},[820,32162,11158],{"href":10638},[197,32164,32165],{},[820,32166,32167],{"href":30992},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[197,32169,32170],{},[820,32171,21367],{"href":16508},[197,32173,32174],{},[820,32175,11169],{"href":10981},[1834,32177,32178],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":32180},[32181,32182,32184,32185,32187,32189,32190,32191,32193,32194,32206],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":30425,"depth":74,"text":32183},"What update() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":30785,"depth":74,"text":32186},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30996,"depth":74,"text":32188},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31237,"depth":74,"text":31238},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":31720,"depth":74,"text":32192},"When to use update()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":32195},[32196,32198,32200,32202,32204],{"id":32101,"depth":106,"text":32197},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32112,"depth":106,"text":32199},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32121,"depth":106,"text":32201},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32130,"depth":106,"text":32203},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32141,"depth":106,"text":32205},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30303,"description":32207},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32213,"title":32214,"body":32215,"description":34204,"extension":1866,"meta":34205,"navigation":128,"path":22804,"seo":34206,"stem":34207,"__hash__":34208},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32216,"toc":34167},[32217,32222,32229,32232,32234,32333,32335,32390,32395,32400,32414,32419,32421,32436,32438,32452,32465,32470,32476,32483,32485,32592,32594,32643,32649,32724,32726,32747,32749,32752,32857,32859,32914,32916,32944,32948,32953,33032,33034,33054,33056,33067,33077,33081,33086,33190,33192,33217,33220,33231,33236,33245,33248,33265,33267,33354,33356,33419,33421,33444,33446,33451,33457,33462,33464,33503,33509,33512,33531,33542,33548,33551,33624,33626,33645,33650,33653,33676,33682,33685,33749,33752,33829,33836,33839,33898,33904,33906,33925,33929,33932,33983,33986,34006,34008,34069,34071,34076,34081,34086,34091,34096,34101,34107,34110,34119,34127,34129,34164],[10,32218,11225,32220,18],{"id":32219},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32221,16983],{},[20,32223,32224,32225,32228],{},"The Python ",[15,32226,32227],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32230,32231],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[181,32233,1907],{"id":1906},[40,32235,32237],{"className":42,"code":32236,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32238,32239,32291,32305,32309,32319],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32240,32241,32243,32245,32247,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287,32289],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32242,12771],{"class":55},[49,32244,60],{"class":59},[49,32246,10398],{"class":85},[49,32248,95],{"class":63},[49,32250,7575],{"class":67},[49,32252,95],{"class":63},[49,32254,1197],{"class":85},[49,32256,64],{"class":63},[49,32258,12788],{"class":67},[49,32260,95],{"class":63},[49,32262,341],{"class":85},[49,32264,64],{"class":63},[49,32266,9205],{"class":67},[49,32268,95],{"class":63},[49,32270,1197],{"class":85},[49,32272,7698],{"class":458},[49,32274,341],{"class":85},[49,32276,64],{"class":63},[49,32278,10316],{"class":67},[49,32280,95],{"class":63},[49,32282,1197],{"class":85},[49,32284,64],{"class":63},[49,32286,15942],{"class":67},[49,32288,95],{"class":63},[49,32290,9215],{"class":85},[49,32292,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,32294,3729],{"class":55},[49,32296,60],{"class":59},[49,32298,12814],{"class":55},[49,32300,32],{"class":85},[49,32302,5266],{"class":88},[49,32304,8548],{"class":85},[49,32306,32307],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,32308,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,32310,32311,32313,32315,32317],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,32312,110],{"class":109},[49,32314,92],{"class":85},[49,32316,5266],{"class":88},[49,32318,103],{"class":85},[49,32320,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,32322,110],{"class":109},[49,32324,92],{"class":85},[49,32326,8002],{"class":2804},[49,32328,92],{"class":85},[49,32330,5266],{"class":88},[49,32332,1581],{"class":85},[20,32334,1974],{},[40,32336,32338],{"className":42,"code":32337,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32339,32340,32366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32341,32342,32344,32346,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32343,16949],{"class":88},[49,32345,2889],{"class":85},[49,32347,1573],{"class":63},[49,32349,12788],{"class":67},[49,32351,1573],{"class":63},[49,32353,341],{"class":85},[49,32355,7698],{"class":458},[49,32357,341],{"class":85},[49,32359,3202],{"class":63},[49,32361,15942],{"class":67},[49,32363,1573],{"class":63},[49,32365,3794],{"class":85},[49,32367,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380,32382,32384,32386,32388],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,32369,1256],{"class":85},[49,32371,1573],{"class":63},[49,32373,12788],{"class":67},[49,32375,1573],{"class":63},[49,32377,341],{"class":85},[49,32379,7698],{"class":458},[49,32381,341],{"class":85},[49,32383,3202],{"class":63},[49,32385,15942],{"class":67},[49,32387,1573],{"class":63},[49,32389,1244],{"class":85},[20,32391,32392,32394],{},[15,32393,16983],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[181,32396,184,32398,187],{"id":32397},"what-values-does",[15,32399,16983],{},[194,32401,32402,32405,32408,32411],{},[197,32403,32404],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[197,32406,32407],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[197,32409,32410],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[197,32412,32413],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32415,32416,32417,32],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[820,32418,9298],{"href":9297},[181,32420,316],{"id":315},[40,32422,32424],{"className":42,"code":32423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32425,32426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32427,32428,32430,32432,32434],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32429,11355],{"class":55},[49,32431,32],{"class":85},[49,32433,5266],{"class":88},[49,32435,8548],{"class":85},[20,32437,12960],{},[194,32439,32440,32444,32447],{},[197,32441,32442,11371],{},[15,32443,16983],{},[197,32445,32446],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[197,32448,32449,32450],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32451,16983],{},[20,32453,32454,32455,380,32460,32],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[820,32456,32457,32459],{"href":16974},[15,32458,16977],{}," for dictionary keys",[820,32461,32462,32464],{"href":16986},[15,32463,16989],{}," for key-value pairs",[181,32466,184,32468,11612],{"id":32467},"what-values-returns",[15,32469,16983],{},[20,32471,32472,21885,32474,24674],{},[15,32473,16983],{},[15,32475,16949],{},[20,32477,32478,32479,32482],{},"This object is a ",[666,32480,32481],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32484,214],{},[40,32486,32488],{"className":42,"code":32487,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32489,32490,32526,32530,32545,32556,32560,32582],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32491,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32493,13113],{"class":55},[49,32495,60],{"class":59},[49,32497,10398],{"class":85},[49,32499,95],{"class":63},[49,32501,7575],{"class":67},[49,32503,95],{"class":63},[49,32505,1197],{"class":85},[49,32507,64],{"class":63},[49,32509,7830],{"class":67},[49,32511,95],{"class":63},[49,32513,341],{"class":85},[49,32515,64],{"class":63},[49,32517,9205],{"class":67},[49,32519,95],{"class":63},[49,32521,1197],{"class":85},[49,32523,9212],{"class":458},[49,32525,9215],{"class":85},[49,32527,32528],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,32529,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,32531,32532,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,32533,32534],{"class":55},"values_view ",[49,32536,60],{"class":59},[49,32538,13156],{"class":55},[49,32540,32],{"class":85},[49,32542,5266],{"class":88},[49,32544,8548],{"class":85},[49,32546,32547,32549,32551,32554],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,32548,110],{"class":109},[49,32550,92],{"class":85},[49,32552,32553],{"class":88},"values_view",[49,32555,103],{"class":85},[49,32557,32558],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,32559,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,32561,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,32563,17218],{"class":55},[49,32565,1256],{"class":85},[49,32567,95],{"class":63},[49,32569,10316],{"class":67},[49,32571,95],{"class":63},[49,32573,13182],{"class":85},[49,32575,13185],{"class":59},[49,32577,64],{"class":63},[49,32579,30549],{"class":67},[49,32581,71],{"class":63},[49,32583,32584,32586,32588,32590],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,32585,110],{"class":109},[49,32587,92],{"class":85},[49,32589,32553],{"class":88},[49,32591,103],{"class":85},[20,32593,1974],{},[40,32595,32597],{"className":42,"code":32596,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32598,32599,32617],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32600,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32602,16949],{"class":88},[49,32604,2889],{"class":85},[49,32606,1573],{"class":63},[49,32608,7830],{"class":67},[49,32610,1573],{"class":63},[49,32612,341],{"class":85},[49,32614,9212],{"class":458},[49,32616,3794],{"class":85},[49,32618,32619,32621,32623,32625,32627,32629,32631,32633,32635,32637,32639,32641],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,32620,16949],{"class":88},[49,32622,2889],{"class":85},[49,32624,1573],{"class":63},[49,32626,7830],{"class":67},[49,32628,1573],{"class":63},[49,32630,341],{"class":85},[49,32632,9212],{"class":458},[49,32634,341],{"class":85},[49,32636,3202],{"class":63},[49,32638,30549],{"class":67},[49,32640,1573],{"class":63},[49,32642,3794],{"class":85},[20,32644,32645,32646,32],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32647,32648],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[40,32650,32652],{"className":42,"code":32651,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32653,32654,32690,32709,32713],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32655,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32657,13113],{"class":55},[49,32659,60],{"class":59},[49,32661,10398],{"class":85},[49,32663,95],{"class":63},[49,32665,7575],{"class":67},[49,32667,95],{"class":63},[49,32669,1197],{"class":85},[49,32671,64],{"class":63},[49,32673,7830],{"class":67},[49,32675,95],{"class":63},[49,32677,341],{"class":85},[49,32679,64],{"class":63},[49,32681,9205],{"class":67},[49,32683,95],{"class":63},[49,32685,1197],{"class":85},[49,32687,9212],{"class":458},[49,32689,9215],{"class":85},[49,32691,32692,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,32693,32694],{"class":55},"values_list ",[49,32696,60],{"class":59},[49,32698,22469],{"class":2804},[49,32700,92],{"class":85},[49,32702,17218],{"class":88},[49,32704,32],{"class":85},[49,32706,5266],{"class":88},[49,32708,7100],{"class":85},[49,32710,32711],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,32712,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,32714,32715,32717,32719,32722],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,32716,110],{"class":109},[49,32718,92],{"class":85},[49,32720,32721],{"class":88},"values_list",[49,32723,103],{"class":85},[20,32725,1974],{},[40,32727,32729],{"className":42,"code":32728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32730,32731],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32732,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32734,1256],{"class":85},[49,32736,1573],{"class":63},[49,32738,7830],{"class":67},[49,32740,1573],{"class":63},[49,32742,341],{"class":85},[49,32744,9212],{"class":458},[49,32746,1244],{"class":85},[181,32748,11381],{"id":11380},[20,32750,32751],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[40,32753,32755],{"className":42,"code":32754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32756,32757,32811,32815,32829,32833,32843],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32758,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769,32771,32773,32775,32777,32779,32781,32783,32785,32787,32789,32792,32794,32796,32799,32801,32803,32805,32807,32809],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32760,24706],{"class":55},[49,32762,60],{"class":59},[49,32764,10398],{"class":85},[49,32766,95],{"class":63},[49,32768,24715],{"class":67},[49,32770,95],{"class":63},[49,32772,1197],{"class":85},[49,32774,64],{"class":63},[49,32776,24724],{"class":67},[49,32778,95],{"class":63},[49,32780,341],{"class":85},[49,32782,64],{"class":63},[49,32784,24733],{"class":67},[49,32786,95],{"class":63},[49,32788,1197],{"class":85},[49,32790,32791],{"class":458}," 2022",[49,32793,341],{"class":85},[49,32795,64],{"class":63},[49,32797,32798],{"class":67},"color",[49,32800,95],{"class":63},[49,32802,1197],{"class":85},[49,32804,64],{"class":63},[49,32806,13018],{"class":67},[49,32808,95],{"class":63},[49,32810,9215],{"class":85},[49,32812,32813],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,32814,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,32816,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,32818,2131],{"class":55},[49,32820,60],{"class":59},[49,32822,24755],{"class":55},[49,32824,32],{"class":85},[49,32826,5266],{"class":88},[49,32828,8548],{"class":85},[49,32830,32831],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,32832,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,32834,32835,32837,32839,32841],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,32836,110],{"class":109},[49,32838,92],{"class":85},[49,32840,2166],{"class":88},[49,32842,103],{"class":85},[49,32844,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,32846,110],{"class":109},[49,32848,92],{"class":85},[49,32850,8002],{"class":2804},[49,32852,92],{"class":85},[49,32854,2166],{"class":88},[49,32856,1581],{"class":85},[20,32858,1974],{},[40,32860,32862],{"className":42,"code":32861,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32863,32864,32890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32865,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880,32882,32884,32886,32888],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32867,16949],{"class":88},[49,32869,2889],{"class":85},[49,32871,1573],{"class":63},[49,32873,24724],{"class":67},[49,32875,1573],{"class":63},[49,32877,341],{"class":85},[49,32879,32791],{"class":458},[49,32881,341],{"class":85},[49,32883,3202],{"class":63},[49,32885,13018],{"class":67},[49,32887,1573],{"class":63},[49,32889,3794],{"class":85},[49,32891,32892,32894,32896,32898,32900,32902,32904,32906,32908,32910,32912],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,32893,1256],{"class":85},[49,32895,1573],{"class":63},[49,32897,24724],{"class":67},[49,32899,1573],{"class":63},[49,32901,341],{"class":85},[49,32903,32791],{"class":458},[49,32905,341],{"class":85},[49,32907,3202],{"class":63},[49,32909,13018],{"class":67},[49,32911,1573],{"class":63},[49,32913,1244],{"class":85},[20,32915,11590],{},[194,32917,32918,32924,32930,32938],{},[197,32919,32920,32923],{},[15,32921,32922],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[197,32925,32926,32929],{},[15,32927,32928],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[197,32931,32932,32935,32936,24527],{},[15,32933,32934],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32937,16949],{},[197,32939,32940,32943],{},[15,32941,32942],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[181,32945,32947],{"id":32946},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32949,32950,32951,25974],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32952,5865],{},[40,32954,32956],{"className":42,"code":32955,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32957,32958,33002,33006,33022],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,32959,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,32961,4971],{"class":55},[49,32963,60],{"class":59},[49,32965,10398],{"class":85},[49,32967,95],{"class":63},[49,32969,18327],{"class":67},[49,32971,95],{"class":63},[49,32973,1197],{"class":85},[49,32975,19809],{"class":458},[49,32977,341],{"class":85},[49,32979,64],{"class":63},[49,32981,31059],{"class":67},[49,32983,95],{"class":63},[49,32985,1197],{"class":85},[49,32987,13416],{"class":458},[49,32989,341],{"class":85},[49,32991,64],{"class":63},[49,32993,18336],{"class":67},[49,32995,95],{"class":63},[49,32997,1197],{"class":85},[49,32999,28825],{"class":458},[49,33001,9215],{"class":85},[49,33003,33004],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33005,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,33007,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,33009,5865],{"class":1210},[49,33011,21494],{"class":55},[49,33013,3788],{"class":1210},[49,33015,5018],{"class":55},[49,33017,32],{"class":85},[49,33019,5266],{"class":88},[49,33021,21505],{"class":85},[49,33023,33024,33026,33028,33030],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,33025,1273],{"class":109},[49,33027,92],{"class":85},[49,33029,338],{"class":88},[49,33031,103],{"class":85},[20,33033,1974],{},[40,33035,33037],{"className":42,"code":33036,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33038,33039,33044,33049],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33040,33041],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33042,33043],{"class":458},"90\n",[49,33045,33046],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33047,33048],{"class":458},"85\n",[49,33050,33051],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,33052,33053],{"class":458},"88\n",[20,33055,17620],{},[194,33057,33058,33061,33064],{},[197,33059,33060],{},"You only need the values",[197,33062,33063],{},"You do not care about the keys",[197,33065,33066],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33068,33069,33070,634,33074,32],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[820,33071,10644,33072,1785],{"href":16986},[15,33073,16989],{},[820,33075,22384],{"href":33076},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[181,33078,33080],{"id":33079},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33082,35,33083,33085],{},[15,33084,32648],{}," when you need a list.",[40,33087,33089],{"className":42,"code":33088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33090,33091,33137,33141,33161,33165,33176],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33092,33093,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33129,33131,33133,33135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33094,33095],{"class":55},"fruit_prices ",[49,33097,60],{"class":59},[49,33099,10398],{"class":85},[49,33101,95],{"class":63},[49,33103,3985],{"class":67},[49,33105,95],{"class":63},[49,33107,1197],{"class":85},[49,33109,2896],{"class":458},[49,33111,341],{"class":85},[49,33113,64],{"class":63},[49,33115,230],{"class":67},[49,33117,95],{"class":63},[49,33119,1197],{"class":85},[49,33121,1264],{"class":458},[49,33123,341],{"class":85},[49,33125,64],{"class":63},[49,33127,33128],{"class":67},"orange",[49,33130,95],{"class":63},[49,33132,1197],{"class":85},[49,33134,2354],{"class":458},[49,33136,9215],{"class":85},[49,33138,33139],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33140,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,33142,33143,33146,33148,33150,33152,33155,33157,33159],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,33144,33145],{"class":55},"price_list ",[49,33147,60],{"class":59},[49,33149,22469],{"class":2804},[49,33151,92],{"class":85},[49,33153,33154],{"class":88},"fruit_prices",[49,33156,32],{"class":85},[49,33158,5266],{"class":88},[49,33160,7100],{"class":85},[49,33162,33163],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,33164,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,33166,33167,33169,33171,33174],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,33168,110],{"class":109},[49,33170,92],{"class":85},[49,33172,33173],{"class":88},"price_list",[49,33175,103],{"class":85},[49,33177,33178,33180,33182,33184,33186,33188],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,33179,110],{"class":109},[49,33181,92],{"class":85},[49,33183,33173],{"class":88},[49,33185,1256],{"class":85},[49,33187,516],{"class":458},[49,33189,3794],{"class":85},[20,33191,1974],{},[40,33193,33195],{"className":42,"code":33194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33196,33197,33213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33198,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33200,1256],{"class":85},[49,33202,312],{"class":458},[49,33204,341],{"class":85},[49,33206,1264],{"class":458},[49,33208,341],{"class":85},[49,33210,2354],{"class":458},[49,33212,1244],{"class":85},[49,33214,33215],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33216,16968],{"class":458},[20,33218,33219],{},"This is helpful for:",[194,33221,33222,33225,33228],{},[197,33223,33224],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[197,33226,33227],{},"Accessing values by index",[197,33229,33230],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33232,3830,33233,33235],{},[15,33234,16949],{}," is not the same as a list.",[181,33237,33239,983,33241,983,33243],{"id":33238},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33240,16983],{},[15,33242,16977],{},[15,33244,16989],{},[20,33246,33247],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[194,33249,33250,33255,33260],{},[197,33251,33252,33254],{},[15,33253,16983],{}," returns only the values",[197,33256,33257,33259],{},[15,33258,16977],{}," returns only the keys",[197,33261,33262,33264],{},[15,33263,16989],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33266,2029],{},[40,33268,33270],{"className":42,"code":33269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33271,33272,33308,33312,33326,33340],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33273,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33275,12771],{"class":55},[49,33277,60],{"class":59},[49,33279,10398],{"class":85},[49,33281,95],{"class":63},[49,33283,7575],{"class":67},[49,33285,95],{"class":63},[49,33287,1197],{"class":85},[49,33289,64],{"class":63},[49,33291,12788],{"class":67},[49,33293,95],{"class":63},[49,33295,341],{"class":85},[49,33297,64],{"class":63},[49,33299,9205],{"class":67},[49,33301,95],{"class":63},[49,33303,1197],{"class":85},[49,33305,7698],{"class":458},[49,33307,9215],{"class":85},[49,33309,33310],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33311,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,33313,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,33315,110],{"class":109},[49,33317,92],{"class":85},[49,33319,13535],{"class":88},[49,33321,32],{"class":85},[49,33323,16835],{"class":88},[49,33325,7100],{"class":85},[49,33327,33328,33330,33332,33334,33336,33338],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,33329,110],{"class":109},[49,33331,92],{"class":85},[49,33333,13535],{"class":88},[49,33335,32],{"class":85},[49,33337,5266],{"class":88},[49,33339,7100],{"class":85},[49,33341,33342,33344,33346,33348,33350,33352],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,33343,110],{"class":109},[49,33345,92],{"class":85},[49,33347,13535],{"class":88},[49,33349,32],{"class":85},[49,33351,7718],{"class":88},[49,33353,7100],{"class":85},[20,33355,1974],{},[40,33357,33359],{"className":42,"code":33358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33360,33361,33383,33401],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33362,33363,33365,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377,33379,33381],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33364,16926],{"class":88},[49,33366,2889],{"class":85},[49,33368,1573],{"class":63},[49,33370,7575],{"class":67},[49,33372,1573],{"class":63},[49,33374,341],{"class":85},[49,33376,3202],{"class":63},[49,33378,9205],{"class":67},[49,33380,1573],{"class":63},[49,33382,3794],{"class":85},[49,33384,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33386,16949],{"class":88},[49,33388,2889],{"class":85},[49,33390,1573],{"class":63},[49,33392,12788],{"class":67},[49,33394,1573],{"class":63},[49,33396,341],{"class":85},[49,33398,7698],{"class":458},[49,33400,3794],{"class":85},[49,33402,33403,33405,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,33404,21818],{"class":88},[49,33406,9564],{"class":85},[49,33408,1573],{"class":63},[49,33410,7575],{"class":67},[49,33412,1573],{"class":63},[49,33414,341],{"class":85},[49,33416,7698],{"class":458},[49,33418,10586],{"class":85},[20,33420,18605],{},[194,33422,33423,33430,33437],{},[197,33424,33425,33429],{},[820,33426,33427],{"href":16974},[15,33428,16977],{}," when you need just the keys",[197,33431,33432,33436],{},[820,33433,33434],{"href":16980},[15,33435,16983],{}," when you need just the values",[197,33438,33439,33443],{},[820,33440,33441],{"href":16986},[15,33442,16989],{}," when you need both",[181,33445,4425],{"id":4424},[20,33447,33448,33449,32],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33450,16983],{},[353,33452,29555,33454,33456],{"id":33453},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33455,16983],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33458,33459,33461],{},[15,33460,16983],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33463,16555],{},[40,33465,33467],{"className":42,"code":33466,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33468,33469,33489],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33470,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33472,8217],{"class":55},[49,33474,60],{"class":59},[49,33476,3530],{"class":85},[49,33478,1223],{"class":458},[49,33480,341],{"class":85},[49,33482,2896],{"class":458},[49,33484,341],{"class":85},[49,33486,2354],{"class":458},[49,33488,1244],{"class":85},[49,33490,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33492,110],{"class":109},[49,33494,92],{"class":85},[49,33496,8248],{"class":88},[49,33498,32],{"class":85},[49,33500,5266],{"class":88},[49,33502,7100],{"class":85},[20,33504,33505,33506,33508],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33507,16983],{}," method.",[20,33510,33511],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[40,33513,33515],{"className":42,"code":33514,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33516,33517],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33518,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33520,110],{"class":109},[49,33522,92],{"class":85},[49,33524,3127],{"class":2804},[49,33526,92],{"class":85},[49,33528,8248],{"class":88},[49,33530,1581],{"class":85},[20,33532,33533,33534,33536,33537,32],{},"If you get an ",[15,33535,25582],{},", see ",[820,33538,1129,33539,33541],{"href":25589},[15,33540,25592],{}," errors",[353,33543,1347,33545,33547],{"id":33544},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33546,16983],{}," returns a list",[20,33549,33550],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[40,33552,33554],{"className":42,"code":33553,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33555,33556,33592,33606,33610],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33557,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588,33590],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33559,12771],{"class":55},[49,33561,60],{"class":59},[49,33563,10398],{"class":85},[49,33565,95],{"class":63},[49,33567,7575],{"class":67},[49,33569,95],{"class":63},[49,33571,1197],{"class":85},[49,33573,64],{"class":63},[49,33575,12788],{"class":67},[49,33577,95],{"class":63},[49,33579,341],{"class":85},[49,33581,64],{"class":63},[49,33583,9205],{"class":67},[49,33585,95],{"class":63},[49,33587,1197],{"class":85},[49,33589,7698],{"class":458},[49,33591,9215],{"class":85},[49,33593,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33595,3729],{"class":55},[49,33597,60],{"class":59},[49,33599,12814],{"class":55},[49,33601,32],{"class":85},[49,33603,5266],{"class":88},[49,33605,8548],{"class":85},[49,33607,33608],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,33609,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,33611,33612,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,33613,110],{"class":109},[49,33615,92],{"class":85},[49,33617,3127],{"class":2804},[49,33619,92],{"class":85},[49,33621,5266],{"class":88},[49,33623,1581],{"class":85},[20,33625,1974],{},[40,33627,33629],{"className":42,"code":33628,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33630,33631],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33632,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33634,3196],{"class":59},[49,33636,3199],{"class":1968},[49,33638,3202],{"class":63},[49,33640,16949],{"class":67},[49,33642,1573],{"class":63},[49,33644,3209],{"class":59},[20,33646,1714,33647,33649],{},[15,33648,16949],{},", not a list.",[20,33651,33652],{},"If you need a list:",[40,33654,33656],{"className":42,"code":33655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33657,33658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33659,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33661,3729],{"class":55},[49,33663,60],{"class":59},[49,33665,22469],{"class":2804},[49,33667,92],{"class":85},[49,33669,13535],{"class":88},[49,33671,32],{"class":85},[49,33673,5266],{"class":88},[49,33675,7100],{"class":85},[353,33677,33679,33680],{"id":33678},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33681,16949],{},[20,33683,33684],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[40,33686,33688],{"className":42,"code":33687,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33689,33690,33726,33740,33744],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33691,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718,33720,33722,33724],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33693,12771],{"class":55},[49,33695,60],{"class":59},[49,33697,10398],{"class":85},[49,33699,95],{"class":63},[49,33701,7575],{"class":67},[49,33703,95],{"class":63},[49,33705,1197],{"class":85},[49,33707,64],{"class":63},[49,33709,12788],{"class":67},[49,33711,95],{"class":63},[49,33713,341],{"class":85},[49,33715,64],{"class":63},[49,33717,9205],{"class":67},[49,33719,95],{"class":63},[49,33721,1197],{"class":85},[49,33723,7698],{"class":458},[49,33725,9215],{"class":85},[49,33727,33728,33730,33732,33734,33736,33738],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33729,3729],{"class":55},[49,33731,60],{"class":59},[49,33733,12814],{"class":55},[49,33735,32],{"class":85},[49,33737,5266],{"class":88},[49,33739,8548],{"class":85},[49,33741,33742],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,33743,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,33745,33746],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,33747,33748],{"class":121},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33750,33751],{},"Convert to a list first:",[40,33753,33755],{"className":42,"code":33754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33756,33757,33793,33811,33815],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33758,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779,33781,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33760,12771],{"class":55},[49,33762,60],{"class":59},[49,33764,10398],{"class":85},[49,33766,95],{"class":63},[49,33768,7575],{"class":67},[49,33770,95],{"class":63},[49,33772,1197],{"class":85},[49,33774,64],{"class":63},[49,33776,12788],{"class":67},[49,33778,95],{"class":63},[49,33780,341],{"class":85},[49,33782,64],{"class":63},[49,33784,9205],{"class":67},[49,33786,95],{"class":63},[49,33788,1197],{"class":85},[49,33790,7698],{"class":458},[49,33792,9215],{"class":85},[49,33794,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33796,3729],{"class":55},[49,33798,60],{"class":59},[49,33800,22469],{"class":2804},[49,33802,92],{"class":85},[49,33804,13535],{"class":88},[49,33806,32],{"class":85},[49,33808,5266],{"class":88},[49,33810,7100],{"class":85},[49,33812,33813],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,33814,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,33816,33817,33819,33821,33823,33825,33827],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,33818,110],{"class":109},[49,33820,92],{"class":85},[49,33822,5266],{"class":88},[49,33824,1256],{"class":85},[49,33826,516],{"class":458},[49,33828,3794],{"class":85},[353,33830,644,33832,10999,33834],{"id":33831},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33833,5266],{},[15,33835,16983],{},[20,33837,33838],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[40,33840,33842],{"className":42,"code":33841,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33843,33844,33880,33884],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33845,33846,33848,33850,33852,33854,33856,33858,33860,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872,33874,33876,33878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33847,12771],{"class":55},[49,33849,60],{"class":59},[49,33851,10398],{"class":85},[49,33853,95],{"class":63},[49,33855,7575],{"class":67},[49,33857,95],{"class":63},[49,33859,1197],{"class":85},[49,33861,64],{"class":63},[49,33863,12788],{"class":67},[49,33865,95],{"class":63},[49,33867,341],{"class":85},[49,33869,64],{"class":63},[49,33871,9205],{"class":67},[49,33873,95],{"class":63},[49,33875,1197],{"class":85},[49,33877,7698],{"class":458},[49,33879,9215],{"class":85},[49,33881,33882],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33883,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,33885,33886,33888,33890,33892,33894,33896],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,33887,110],{"class":109},[49,33889,92],{"class":85},[49,33891,13535],{"class":88},[49,33893,32],{"class":85},[49,33895,5266],{"class":24660},[49,33897,103],{"class":85},[20,33899,33900,33903],{},[15,33901,33902],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33905,18605],{},[40,33907,33909],{"className":42,"code":33908,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33910,33911],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33912,33913,33915,33917,33919,33921,33923],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33914,110],{"class":109},[49,33916,92],{"class":85},[49,33918,13535],{"class":88},[49,33920,32],{"class":85},[49,33922,5266],{"class":88},[49,33924,7100],{"class":85},[353,33926,33928],{"id":33927},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33930,33931],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[40,33933,33935],{"className":42,"code":33934,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33936,33937,33969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33938,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953,33955,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33940,9071],{"class":55},[49,33942,60],{"class":59},[49,33944,10398],{"class":85},[49,33946,95],{"class":63},[49,33948,820],{"class":67},[49,33950,95],{"class":63},[49,33952,1197],{"class":85},[49,33954,1264],{"class":458},[49,33956,341],{"class":85},[49,33958,64],{"class":63},[49,33960,4667],{"class":67},[49,33962,95],{"class":63},[49,33964,1197],{"class":85},[49,33966,2896],{"class":458},[49,33968,9215],{"class":85},[49,33970,33971,33973,33975,33977,33979,33981],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33972,110],{"class":109},[49,33974,92],{"class":85},[49,33976,9110],{"class":88},[49,33978,32],{"class":85},[49,33980,5266],{"class":88},[49,33982,7100],{"class":85},[20,33984,33985],{},"Not like this:",[40,33987,33989],{"className":42,"code":33988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33990,33991,33996,34001],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,33992,33993],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,33994,33995],{"class":121},"# Wrong examples:\n",[49,33997,33998],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,33999,34000],{"class":121},"# data().values()\n",[49,34002,34003],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,34004,34005],{"class":121},"# values(data)\n",[20,34007,3246],{},[40,34009,34011],{"className":42,"code":34010,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34012,34013,34027,34037,34051],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34014,34015,34017,34019,34021,34023,34025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34016,110],{"class":109},[49,34018,92],{"class":85},[49,34020,3127],{"class":2804},[49,34022,92],{"class":85},[49,34024,11355],{"class":88},[49,34026,1581],{"class":85},[49,34028,34029,34031,34033,34035],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,34030,110],{"class":109},[49,34032,92],{"class":85},[49,34034,11355],{"class":88},[49,34036,103],{"class":85},[49,34038,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,34040,110],{"class":109},[49,34042,92],{"class":85},[49,34044,11355],{"class":88},[49,34046,32],{"class":85},[49,34048,5266],{"class":88},[49,34050,7100],{"class":85},[49,34052,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,34054,110],{"class":109},[49,34056,92],{"class":85},[49,34058,8002],{"class":2804},[49,34060,92],{"class":85},[49,34062,11355],{"class":88},[49,34064,32],{"class":85},[49,34066,5266],{"class":88},[49,34068,6197],{"class":85},[181,34070,1704],{"id":1703},[353,34072,5050,34074,5053],{"id":34073},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34075,32227],{},[20,34077,17331,34078,34080],{},[15,34079,16949],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[353,34082,1720,34084,23841],{"id":34083},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34085,16983],{},[20,34087,23844,34088,23848],{},[15,34089,34090],{},"list(...)",[353,34092,25966,34094,2394],{"id":34093},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34095,32227],{},[20,34097,34098,34099,25974],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34100,5865],{},[353,34102,1720,34104,34106],{"id":34103},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34105,32227],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34108,34109],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[353,34111,34113,34114,34116,34117,2394],{"id":34112},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34115,16983],{}," different from ",[15,34118,16989],{},[20,34120,34121,34123,34124,34126],{},[15,34122,16983],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34125,16989],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[181,34128,1775],{"id":1774},[194,34130,34131,34137,34143,34147,34153,34157],{},[197,34132,34133],{},[820,34134,10644,34135,1785],{"href":16974},[15,34136,16977],{},[197,34138,34139],{},[820,34140,10644,34141,1785],{"href":16986},[15,34142,16989],{},[197,34144,34145],{},[820,34146,11149],{"href":9297},[197,34148,34149],{},[820,34150,34152],{"href":34151},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[197,34154,34155],{},[820,34156,23926],{"href":33076},[197,34158,34159],{},[820,34160,30253,34161],{"href":25589},[15,34162,34163],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1834,34165,34166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":34168},[34169,34170,34172,34173,34175,34176,34177,34178,34180,34191,34203],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":32397,"depth":74,"text":34171},"What values() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":32467,"depth":74,"text":34174},"What values() returns",{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":32946,"depth":74,"text":32947},{"id":33079,"depth":74,"text":33080},{"id":33238,"depth":74,"text":34179},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":34181},[34182,34184,34186,34188,34190],{"id":33453,"depth":106,"text":34183},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33544,"depth":106,"text":34185},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33678,"depth":106,"text":34187},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33831,"depth":106,"text":34189},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33927,"depth":106,"text":33928},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":34192},[34193,34195,34197,34199,34201],{"id":34073,"depth":106,"text":34194},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34083,"depth":106,"text":34196},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34093,"depth":106,"text":34198},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34103,"depth":106,"text":34200},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34112,"depth":106,"text":34202},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32214,"description":34204},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34210,"title":34211,"body":34212,"description":35639,"extension":1866,"meta":35640,"navigation":128,"path":35641,"seo":35642,"stem":35643,"__hash__":35644},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34213,"toc":35591},[34214,34220,34225,34228,34244,34253,34255,34287,34293,34296,34391,34394,34399,34404,34407,34418,34420,34434,34440,34442,34447,34453,34456,34495,34503,34508,34511,34556,34559,34571,34577,34583,34587,34618,34621,34639,34642,34646,34685,34687,34707,34710,34722,34727,34733,34736,34790,34793,34804,34807,34818,34821,34825,34831,34833,34863,34866,34881,34884,34887,34906,34909,34925,34934,34936,34967,34973,34978,34981,34988,35019,35022,35044,35047,35050,35064,35068,35099,35114,35121,35128,35132,35140,35144,35152,35155,35204,35215,35217,35220,35226,35231,35241,35245,35248,35251,35255,35258,35260,35281,35285,35291,35302,35308,35310,35315,35339,35342,35405,35408,35436,35439,35501,35503,35508,35511,35518,35526,35533,35536,35544,35550,35552,35579,35588],[10,34215,3482,34217,3486],{"id":34216},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34218,34219],{},"dir()",[20,34221,32224,34222,34224],{},[15,34223,34219],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34226,34227],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[194,34229,34230,34233,34236,34241],{},[197,34231,34232],{},"learning Python",[197,34234,34235],{},"exploring a new object",[197,34237,34238,34239],{},"debugging an ",[15,34240,25582],{},[197,34242,34243],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34245,34246,34247,34249,34250],{},"In short, ",[15,34248,34219],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[666,34251,34252],{},"“What can I use here?”",[181,34254,1907],{"id":1906},[40,34256,34258],{"className":42,"code":34257,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34259,34260,34272],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34261,34262,34264,34266,34268,34270],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34263,7785],{"class":55},[49,34265,60],{"class":59},[49,34267,64],{"class":63},[49,34269,917],{"class":67},[49,34271,71],{"class":63},[49,34273,34274,34276,34278,34281,34283,34285],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,34275,110],{"class":109},[49,34277,92],{"class":85},[49,34279,34280],{"class":109},"dir",[49,34282,92],{"class":85},[49,34284,7575],{"class":88},[49,34286,1581],{"class":85},[20,34288,35,34289,34292],{},[15,34290,34291],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34294,34295],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[40,34297,34299],{"className":42,"code":34298,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34300,34301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34302,34303,34305,34307,34310,34312,34314,34316,34319,34321,34323,34325,34328,34330,34332,34334,34337,34339,34341,34343,34346,34348,34350,34352,34355,34357,34359,34363,34365,34367,34369,34371,34373,34375,34378,34380,34382,34384,34387,34389],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34304,1256],{"class":85},[49,34306,1573],{"class":63},[49,34308,34309],{"class":67},"__add__",[49,34311,1573],{"class":63},[49,34313,341],{"class":85},[49,34315,3202],{"class":63},[49,34317,34318],{"class":67},"__class__",[49,34320,1573],{"class":63},[49,34322,341],{"class":85},[49,34324,3202],{"class":63},[49,34326,34327],{"class":67},"__contains__",[49,34329,1573],{"class":63},[49,34331,341],{"class":85},[49,34333,3202],{"class":63},[49,34335,34336],{"class":67},"__delattr__",[49,34338,1573],{"class":63},[49,34340,341],{"class":85},[49,34342,3202],{"class":63},[49,34344,34345],{"class":67},"__dir__",[49,34347,1573],{"class":63},[49,34349,341],{"class":85},[49,34351,3202],{"class":63},[49,34353,34354],{"class":67},"__doc__",[49,34356,1573],{"class":63},[49,34358,341],{"class":85},[49,34360,34362],{"class":34361},"s_hVV"," ...",[49,34364,341],{"class":85},[49,34366,3202],{"class":63},[49,34368,960],{"class":67},[49,34370,1573],{"class":63},[49,34372,341],{"class":85},[49,34374,3202],{"class":63},[49,34376,34377],{"class":67},"split",[49,34379,1573],{"class":63},[49,34381,341],{"class":85},[49,34383,3202],{"class":63},[49,34385,34386],{"class":67},"upper",[49,34388,1573],{"class":63},[49,34390,1244],{"class":85},[20,34392,34393],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[181,34395,184,34397,187],{"id":34396},"what-dir-does",[15,34398,34219],{},[20,34400,34401,34403],{},[15,34402,34219],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34405,34406],{},"It usually includes:",[194,34408,34409,34412,34415],{},[197,34410,34411],{},"attributes",[197,34413,34414],{},"methods",[197,34416,34417],{},"special Python names",[20,34419,11364],{},[194,34421,34422,34428,34431],{},[197,34423,34424,34425],{},"The result is a ",[666,34426,34427],{},"list of strings",[197,34429,34430],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[197,34432,34433],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34435,34436,34437,34439],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34438,34219],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[181,34441,316],{"id":315},[20,34443,34444,34446],{},[15,34445,34219],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[353,34448,34450,34452],{"id":34449},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34451,34219],{}," with no argument",[20,34454,34455],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[40,34457,34459],{"className":42,"code":34458,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34460,34461,34469,34481,34485],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34462,34463,34465,34467],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34464,2929],{"class":55},[49,34466,60],{"class":59},[49,34468,2490],{"class":458},[49,34470,34471,34473,34475,34477,34479],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,34472,7785],{"class":55},[49,34474,60],{"class":59},[49,34476,64],{"class":63},[49,34478,7584],{"class":67},[49,34480,71],{"class":63},[49,34482,34483],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,34484,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,34486,34487,34489,34491,34493],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,34488,110],{"class":109},[49,34490,92],{"class":85},[49,34492,34280],{"class":109},[49,34494,7100],{"class":85},[20,34496,34497,34498,380,34500,34502],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34499,283],{},[15,34501,7575],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[353,34504,34506],{"id":34505},"dirobject",[15,34507,34291],{},[20,34509,34510],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[40,34512,34514],{"className":42,"code":34513,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34515,34516,34534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34517,34518,34520,34522,34524,34526,34528,34530,34532],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34519,110],{"class":109},[49,34521,92],{"class":85},[49,34523,34280],{"class":109},[49,34525,92],{"class":85},[49,34527,95],{"class":63},[49,34529,917],{"class":67},[49,34531,95],{"class":63},[49,34533,1581],{"class":85},[49,34535,34536,34538,34540,34542,34544,34546,34548,34550,34552,34554],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,34537,110],{"class":109},[49,34539,92],{"class":85},[49,34541,34280],{"class":109},[49,34543,2889],{"class":85},[49,34545,1223],{"class":458},[49,34547,341],{"class":85},[49,34549,2896],{"class":458},[49,34551,341],{"class":85},[49,34553,2354],{"class":458},[49,34555,2903],{"class":85},[20,34557,34558],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[194,34560,34561,34563,34565,34568],{},[197,34562,5216],{},[197,34564,5207],{},[197,34566,34567],{},"modules",[197,34569,34570],{},"custom objects",[181,34572,644,34574,34576],{"id":34573},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34575,34219],{}," with a value",[20,34578,34579,34580,34582],{},"A common use of ",[15,34581,34219],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[353,34584,34586],{"id":34585},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[40,34588,34590],{"className":42,"code":34589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34591,34592,34604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34593,34594,34596,34598,34600,34602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34595,56],{"class":55},[49,34597,60],{"class":59},[49,34599,64],{"class":63},[49,34601,917],{"class":67},[49,34603,71],{"class":63},[49,34605,34606,34608,34610,34612,34614,34616],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,34607,110],{"class":109},[49,34609,92],{"class":85},[49,34611,34280],{"class":109},[49,34613,92],{"class":85},[49,34615,245],{"class":88},[49,34617,1581],{"class":85},[20,34619,34620],{},"You will see method names like:",[194,34622,34623,34627,34631,34635],{},[197,34624,34625],{},[15,34626,960],{},[197,34628,34629],{},[15,34630,34386],{},[197,34632,34633],{},[15,34634,34377],{},[197,34636,34637],{},[15,34638,8541],{},[20,34640,34641],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[353,34643,34645],{"id":34644},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[40,34647,34649],{"className":42,"code":34648,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34650,34651,34671],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34652,34653,34655,34657,34659,34661,34663,34665,34667,34669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34654,3525],{"class":55},[49,34656,60],{"class":59},[49,34658,3530],{"class":85},[49,34660,1223],{"class":458},[49,34662,341],{"class":85},[49,34664,2896],{"class":458},[49,34666,341],{"class":85},[49,34668,2354],{"class":458},[49,34670,1244],{"class":85},[49,34672,34673,34675,34677,34679,34681,34683],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,34674,110],{"class":109},[49,34676,92],{"class":85},[49,34678,34280],{"class":109},[49,34680,92],{"class":85},[49,34682,3556],{"class":88},[49,34684,1581],{"class":85},[20,34686,34620],{},[194,34688,34689,34693,34697,34702],{},[197,34690,34691],{},[15,34692,13462],{},[197,34694,34695],{},[15,34696,26150],{},[197,34698,34699],{},[15,34700,34701],{},"remove",[197,34703,34704],{},[15,34705,34706],{},"sort",[20,34708,34709],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34711,34712,34713,34718,34719,34721],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[820,34714,34716],{"href":34715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34717,2204],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34720,34219],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[181,34723,644,34725,34452],{"id":34724},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34726,34219],{},[20,34728,34729,34730,34732],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34731,34219],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34734,34735],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[40,34737,34739],{"className":42,"code":34738,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34740,34741,34750,34754,34765,34776,34780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34742,34743,34745,34747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34744,2929],{"class":55},[49,34746,60],{"class":59},[49,34748,34749],{"class":458}," 5\n",[49,34751,34752],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,34753,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,34755,34756,34759,34763],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,34757,34758],{"class":1968},"def",[49,34760,34762],{"class":34761},"sGLFI"," greet",[49,34764,21505],{"class":85},[49,34766,34767,34770,34772,34774],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,34768,34769],{"class":1210},"    return",[49,34771,64],{"class":63},[49,34773,891],{"class":67},[49,34775,71],{"class":63},[49,34777,34778],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,34779,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,34781,34782,34784,34786,34788],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,34783,110],{"class":109},[49,34785,92],{"class":85},[49,34787,34280],{"class":109},[49,34789,7100],{"class":85},[20,34791,34792],{},"The output will include names like:",[194,34794,34795,34799],{},[197,34796,34797],{},[15,34798,283],{},[197,34800,34801],{},[15,34802,34803],{},"greet",[20,34805,34806],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[194,34808,34809,34812,34815],{},[197,34810,34811],{},"what variables exist",[197,34813,34814],{},"what functions you have defined",[197,34816,34817],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34819,34820],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[181,34822,34824],{"id":34823},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34826,34827,34828,34830],{},"When you first use ",[15,34829,34219],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34832,214],{},[40,34834,34835],{"className":42,"code":34589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,34836,34837,34849],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34838,34839,34841,34843,34845,34847],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34840,56],{"class":55},[49,34842,60],{"class":59},[49,34844,64],{"class":63},[49,34846,917],{"class":67},[49,34848,71],{"class":63},[49,34850,34851,34853,34855,34857,34859,34861],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,34852,110],{"class":109},[49,34854,92],{"class":85},[49,34856,34280],{"class":109},[49,34858,92],{"class":85},[49,34860,245],{"class":88},[49,34862,1581],{"class":85},[20,34864,34865],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[194,34867,34868,34872,34876],{},[197,34869,34870],{},[15,34871,34318],{},[197,34873,34874],{},[15,34875,34354],{},[197,34877,34878],{},[15,34879,34880],{},"__len__",[20,34882,34883],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34885,34886],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[194,34888,34889,34893,34897,34901],{},[197,34890,34891],{},[15,34892,34386],{},[197,34894,34895],{},[15,34896,960],{},[197,34898,34899],{},[15,34900,34377],{},[197,34902,34903],{},[15,34904,34905],{},"replace",[20,34907,34908],{},"A key point to remember:",[194,34910,34911,34919],{},[197,34912,34913,34915,34916],{},[15,34914,34219],{}," lists ",[666,34917,34918],{},"names only",[197,34920,34921,34922,34924],{},"it does ",[666,34923,4536],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34926,34927,34928,32],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[820,34929,34931],{"href":34930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34932,34933],{},"help()",[20,34935,5379],{},[40,34937,34939],{"className":42,"code":34938,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34940,34941,34953],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34942,34943,34945,34947,34949,34951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34944,7785],{"class":55},[49,34946,60],{"class":59},[49,34948,64],{"class":63},[49,34950,917],{"class":67},[49,34952,71],{"class":63},[49,34954,34955,34957,34959,34961,34963,34965],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,34956,32059],{"class":109},[49,34958,92],{"class":85},[49,34960,7575],{"class":88},[49,34962,32],{"class":85},[49,34964,34386],{"class":24660},[49,34966,103],{"class":85},[181,34968,34970,34972],{"id":34969},"dir-on-modules",[15,34971,34219],{}," on modules",[20,34974,15625,34975,34977],{},[15,34976,34219],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34979,34980],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[353,34982,34984,34985,34987],{"id":34983},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34986,18327],{}," module",[40,34989,34991],{"className":42,"code":34990,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34992,34993,35001,35005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,34994,34995,34998],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,34996,34997],{"class":1210},"import",[49,34999,35000],{"class":55}," math\n",[49,35002,35003],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35004,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,35006,35007,35009,35011,35013,35015,35017],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35008,110],{"class":109},[49,35010,92],{"class":85},[49,35012,34280],{"class":109},[49,35014,92],{"class":85},[49,35016,18327],{"class":88},[49,35018,1581],{"class":85},[20,35020,35021],{},"You may see names like:",[194,35023,35024,35029,35034,35039],{},[197,35025,35026],{},[15,35027,35028],{},"sqrt",[197,35030,35031],{},[15,35032,35033],{},"ceil",[197,35035,35036],{},[15,35037,35038],{},"floor",[197,35040,35041],{},[15,35042,35043],{},"pi",[20,35045,35046],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35048,35049],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[194,35051,35052,35058],{},[197,35053,35054],{},[820,35055,35057],{"href":35056},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[197,35059,35060],{},[820,35061,35063],{"href":35062},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[353,35065,35067],{"id":35066},"another-example","Another example",[40,35069,35071],{"className":42,"code":35070,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35072,35073,35080,35084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35074,35075,35077],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35076,34997],{"class":1210},[49,35078,35079],{"class":55}," json\n",[49,35081,35082],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35083,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,35085,35086,35088,35090,35092,35094,35097],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35087,110],{"class":109},[49,35089,92],{"class":85},[49,35091,34280],{"class":109},[49,35093,92],{"class":85},[49,35095,35096],{"class":88},"json",[49,35098,1581],{"class":85},[20,35100,35101,35102,2091,35105,2091,35108,1455,35111,32],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35103,35104],{},"dump",[15,35106,35107],{},"dumps",[15,35109,35110],{},"load",[15,35112,35113],{},"loads",[181,35115,35117,983,35119],{"id":35116},"dir-vs-help",[15,35118,34219],{},[15,35120,34933],{},[20,35122,35123,380,35125,35127],{},[15,35124,34219],{},[15,35126,34933],{}," are often used together.",[353,35129,35130],{"id":34280},[15,35131,34219],{},[194,35133,35134,35137],{},[197,35135,35136],{},"shows available names",[197,35138,35139],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[353,35141,35142],{"id":32059},[15,35143,34933],{},[194,35145,35146,35149],{},[197,35147,35148],{},"explains what an object or function does",[197,35150,35151],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35153,35154],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[40,35156,35158],{"className":42,"code":35157,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35159,35160,35172,35176,35190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35161,35162,35164,35166,35168,35170],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35163,7785],{"class":55},[49,35165,60],{"class":59},[49,35167,64],{"class":63},[49,35169,917],{"class":67},[49,35171,71],{"class":63},[49,35173,35174],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35175,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,35177,35178,35180,35182,35184,35186,35188],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35179,110],{"class":109},[49,35181,92],{"class":85},[49,35183,34280],{"class":109},[49,35185,92],{"class":85},[49,35187,7575],{"class":88},[49,35189,1581],{"class":85},[49,35191,35192,35194,35196,35198,35200,35202],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,35193,32059],{"class":109},[49,35195,92],{"class":85},[49,35197,7575],{"class":88},[49,35199,32],{"class":85},[49,35201,34386],{"class":24660},[49,35203,103],{"class":85},[20,35205,35,35206,35208,35209,35211,35212,35214],{},[15,35207,34219],{}," first to find a method name.",[9753,35210],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35213,34933],{}," to understand how to use it.",[181,35216,25268],{"id":25267},[20,35218,35219],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[353,35221,35223,35225],{"id":35222},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35224,34219],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35227,35228,35230],{},[15,35229,34219],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35232,35233,35234,35236,35237,35240],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35235,34386],{}," in ",[15,35238,35239],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[353,35242,35244],{"id":35243},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35246,35247],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35249,35250],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[353,35252,35254],{"id":35253},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35256,35257],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35259,5379],{},[194,35261,35262,35267,35273],{},[197,35263,35264,35266],{},[15,35265,35239],{}," shows string-related names",[197,35268,35269,35272],{},[15,35270,35271],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[197,35274,35275,35278,35279,34987],{},[15,35276,35277],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35280,18327],{},[353,35282,35284],{"id":35283},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35286,35287,35288,35290],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35289,34219],{}," does not mean you already know:",[194,35292,35293,35296,35299],{},[197,35294,35295],{},"what it does",[197,35297,35298],{},"what arguments it needs",[197,35300,35301],{},"what it returns",[20,35303,35304,35305,35307],{},"That is why ",[15,35306,34933],{}," is the natural next step.",[181,35309,1308],{"id":1307},[20,35311,1139,35312,35314],{},[15,35313,34219],{}," in these situations:",[194,35316,35317,35320,35329,35332],{},[197,35318,35319],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[197,35321,35322,35323,35328],{},"Seeing an ",[820,35324,35326],{"href":35325},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35327,25582],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[197,35330,35331],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[197,35333,644,35334,35336,35337],{},[15,35335,34219],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35338,34933],{},[20,35340,35341],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[40,35343,35345],{"className":42,"code":35344,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35346,35347,35359,35363,35377,35391],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35348,35349,35351,35353,35355,35357],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35350,7785],{"class":55},[49,35352,60],{"class":59},[49,35354,64],{"class":63},[49,35356,917],{"class":67},[49,35358,71],{"class":63},[49,35360,35361],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35362,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,35364,35365,35367,35369,35371,35373,35375],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35366,110],{"class":109},[49,35368,92],{"class":85},[49,35370,3127],{"class":2804},[49,35372,92],{"class":85},[49,35374,7575],{"class":88},[49,35376,1581],{"class":85},[49,35378,35379,35381,35383,35385,35387,35389],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,35380,110],{"class":109},[49,35382,92],{"class":85},[49,35384,34280],{"class":109},[49,35386,92],{"class":85},[49,35388,7575],{"class":88},[49,35390,1581],{"class":85},[49,35392,35393,35395,35397,35399,35401,35403],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,35394,32059],{"class":109},[49,35396,92],{"class":85},[49,35398,7575],{"class":88},[49,35400,32],{"class":85},[49,35402,34386],{"class":24660},[49,35404,103],{"class":85},[20,35406,35407],{},"And for modules:",[40,35409,35410],{"className":42,"code":34990,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,35411,35412,35418,35422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35413,35414,35416],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35415,34997],{"class":1210},[49,35417,35000],{"class":55},[49,35419,35420],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35421,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,35423,35424,35426,35428,35430,35432,35434],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35425,110],{"class":109},[49,35427,92],{"class":85},[49,35429,34280],{"class":109},[49,35431,92],{"class":85},[49,35433,18327],{"class":88},[49,35435,1581],{"class":85},[20,35437,35438],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[40,35440,35442],{"className":42,"code":35441,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35443,35444,35449,35461,35471,35485,35491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35445,35446],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35447,35448],{"class":55},"python\n",[49,35450,35451,35453,35455,35457,35459],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35452,7785],{"class":55},[49,35454,60],{"class":59},[49,35456,64],{"class":63},[49,35458,917],{"class":67},[49,35460,71],{"class":63},[49,35462,35463,35465,35467,35469],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35464,34280],{"class":109},[49,35466,92],{"class":85},[49,35468,7575],{"class":88},[49,35470,103],{"class":85},[49,35472,35473,35475,35477,35479,35481,35483],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,35474,32059],{"class":109},[49,35476,92],{"class":85},[49,35478,7575],{"class":88},[49,35480,32],{"class":85},[49,35482,34386],{"class":24660},[49,35484,103],{"class":85},[49,35486,35487,35489],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,35488,34997],{"class":1210},[49,35490,35000],{"class":55},[49,35492,35493,35495,35497,35499],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,35494,34280],{"class":109},[49,35496,92],{"class":85},[49,35498,18327],{"class":88},[49,35500,103],{"class":85},[181,35502,1704],{"id":1703},[353,35504,5050,35506,5053],{"id":35505},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35507,34219],{},[20,35509,35510],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[353,35512,1740,35514,380,35516,2394],{"id":35513},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35515,34219],{},[15,35517,34933],{},[20,35519,35520,35522,35523,35525],{},[15,35521,34219],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35524,34933],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[353,35527,35529,35530,35532],{"id":35528},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35531,34219],{}," output?",[20,35534,35535],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[353,35537,5077,35539,35541,35542,2394],{"id":35538},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35540,34219],{}," help fix ",[15,35543,25582],{},[20,35545,35546,35547,32],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[820,35548,35549],{"href":35325},"object has no attribute",[181,35551,1775],{"id":1774},[194,35553,35554,35560,35565,35569,35573],{},[197,35555,35556],{},[820,35557,3482,35558,3415],{"href":34930},[15,35559,34933],{},[197,35561,35562],{},[820,35563,35564],{"href":35325},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[197,35566,35567],{},[820,35568,35057],{"href":35056},[197,35570,35571],{},[820,35572,35063],{"href":35062},[197,35574,35575],{},[820,35576,3482,35577,3415],{"href":34715},[15,35578,2204],{},[20,35580,35581,35582,35584,35585,35587],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35583,34219],{}," together with ",[15,35586,34933],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1834,35589,35590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":35592},[35593,35594,35596,35601,35606,35608,35609,35615,35620,35627,35628,35638],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":34396,"depth":74,"text":35595},"What dir() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":35597},[35598,35600],{"id":34449,"depth":106,"text":35599},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34505,"depth":106,"text":34291},{"id":34573,"depth":74,"text":35602,"children":35603},"Using dir() with a value",[35604,35605],{"id":34585,"depth":106,"text":34586},{"id":34644,"depth":106,"text":34645},{"id":34724,"depth":74,"text":35607},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34823,"depth":74,"text":34824},{"id":34969,"depth":74,"text":35610,"children":35611},"dir() on modules",[35612,35614],{"id":34983,"depth":106,"text":35613},"Example: math module",{"id":35066,"depth":106,"text":35067},{"id":35116,"depth":74,"text":35616,"children":35617},"dir() vs help()",[35618,35619],{"id":34280,"depth":106,"text":34219},{"id":32059,"depth":106,"text":34933},{"id":25267,"depth":74,"text":25268,"children":35621},[35622,35624,35625,35626],{"id":35222,"depth":106,"text":35623},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35243,"depth":106,"text":35244},{"id":35253,"depth":106,"text":35254},{"id":35283,"depth":106,"text":35284},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":35629},[35630,35632,35634,35636],{"id":35505,"depth":106,"text":35631},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35513,"depth":106,"text":35633},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35528,"depth":106,"text":35635},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35538,"depth":106,"text":35637},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34211,"description":35639},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35646,"title":35647,"body":35648,"description":37464,"extension":1866,"meta":37465,"navigation":128,"path":37466,"seo":37467,"stem":37468,"__hash__":37469},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35649,"toc":37433},[35650,35656,35661,35664,35672,35678,35680,35759,35761,35787,35792,35797,35802,35805,35816,35819,35821,35900,35902,35928,35935,35937,35939,35963,35966,35978,35983,35985,36066,36068,36094,36103,36108,36116,36122,36129,36132,36134,36213,36216,36273,36275,36312,36318,36323,36328,36331,36345,36347,36450,36452,36495,36504,36514,36521,36527,36534,36617,36619,36642,36645,36648,36650,36654,36658,36661,36724,36747,36750,36754,36760,36762,36829,36832,36909,36914,36920,36923,36926,36972,36974,36998,37003,37007,37012,37018,37081,37084,37086,37089,37113,37116,37251,37253,37354,37356,37361,37364,37370,37380,37388,37393,37399,37405,37407,37430],[10,35651,3482,35653,3486],{"id":35652},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35654,35655],{},"enumerate()",[20,35657,35658,35660],{},[15,35659,35655],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35662,35663],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[194,35665,35666,35669],{},[197,35667,35668],{},"the item itself",[197,35670,35671],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35673,35674,35675,35677],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35676,35655],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[181,35679,1907],{"id":1906},[40,35681,35683],{"className":42,"code":35682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35684,35685,35717,35721,35744],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35686,35687,35689,35691,35693,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703,35705,35707,35709,35711,35713,35715],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35688,12984],{"class":55},[49,35690,60],{"class":59},[49,35692,3530],{"class":85},[49,35694,95],{"class":63},[49,35696,13001],{"class":67},[49,35698,95],{"class":63},[49,35700,341],{"class":85},[49,35702,64],{"class":63},[49,35704,17365],{"class":67},[49,35706,95],{"class":63},[49,35708,341],{"class":85},[49,35710,64],{"class":63},[49,35712,13018],{"class":67},[49,35714,95],{"class":63},[49,35716,1244],{"class":85},[49,35718,35719],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35720,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,35722,35723,35725,35728,35730,35733,35735,35738,35740,35742],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35724,5865],{"class":1210},[49,35726,35727],{"class":55}," index",[49,35729,341],{"class":85},[49,35731,35732],{"class":55}," color ",[49,35734,3788],{"class":1210},[49,35736,35737],{"class":109}," enumerate",[49,35739,92],{"class":85},[49,35741,17412],{"class":88},[49,35743,1396],{"class":85},[49,35745,35746,35748,35750,35752,35754,35757],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,35747,1273],{"class":109},[49,35749,92],{"class":85},[49,35751,1100],{"class":88},[49,35753,341],{"class":85},[49,35755,35756],{"class":88}," color",[49,35758,103],{"class":85},[20,35760,1974],{},[40,35762,35764],{"className":42,"code":35763,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35765,35766,35773,35780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35767,35768,35770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35769,516],{"class":458},[49,35771,35772],{"class":55}," red\n",[49,35774,35775,35777],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35776,1223],{"class":458},[49,35778,35779],{"class":55}," green\n",[49,35781,35782,35784],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35783,312],{"class":458},[49,35785,35786],{"class":55}," blue\n",[20,35788,35,35789,35791],{},[15,35790,35655],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[181,35793,184,35795,187],{"id":35794},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35796,35655],{},[20,35798,35799,35801],{},[15,35800,35655],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35803,35804],{},"It is commonly used with:",[194,35806,35807,35809,35811,35813],{},[197,35808,5207],{},[197,35810,5210],{},[197,35812,5216],{},[197,35814,35815],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35817,35818],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35820,214],{},[40,35822,35824],{"className":42,"code":35823,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35825,35826,35860,35864,35885],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35827,35828,35830,35832,35834,35836,35838,35840,35842,35844,35847,35849,35851,35853,35856,35858],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35829,4902],{"class":55},[49,35831,60],{"class":59},[49,35833,3530],{"class":85},[49,35835,95],{"class":63},[49,35837,12788],{"class":67},[49,35839,95],{"class":63},[49,35841,341],{"class":85},[49,35843,64],{"class":63},[49,35845,35846],{"class":67},"Ben",[49,35848,95],{"class":63},[49,35850,341],{"class":85},[49,35852,64],{"class":63},[49,35854,35855],{"class":67},"Cara",[49,35857,95],{"class":63},[49,35859,1244],{"class":85},[49,35861,35862],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35863,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,35865,35866,35868,35870,35872,35875,35877,35879,35881,35883],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35867,5865],{"class":1210},[49,35869,35727],{"class":55},[49,35871,341],{"class":85},[49,35873,35874],{"class":55}," name ",[49,35876,3788],{"class":1210},[49,35878,35737],{"class":109},[49,35880,92],{"class":85},[49,35882,4946],{"class":88},[49,35884,1396],{"class":85},[49,35886,35887,35889,35891,35893,35895,35898],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,35888,1273],{"class":109},[49,35890,92],{"class":85},[49,35892,1100],{"class":88},[49,35894,341],{"class":85},[49,35896,35897],{"class":88}," name",[49,35899,103],{"class":85},[20,35901,1974],{},[40,35903,35905],{"className":42,"code":35904,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35906,35907,35914,35921],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35908,35909,35911],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35910,516],{"class":458},[49,35912,35913],{"class":55}," Ana\n",[49,35915,35916,35918],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,35917,1223],{"class":458},[49,35919,35920],{"class":55}," Ben\n",[49,35922,35923,35925],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,35924,312],{"class":458},[49,35926,35927],{"class":55}," Cara\n",[20,35929,35930,35931,32],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[820,35932,35934],{"href":35933},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[181,35936,316],{"id":315},[20,35938,319],{},[40,35940,35942],{"className":42,"code":35941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35943,35944],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35945,35946,35949,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959,35961],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35947,35948],{"class":109},"enumerate",[49,35950,92],{"class":85},[49,35952,3626],{"class":88},[49,35954,341],{"class":85},[49,35956,344],{"class":9081},[49,35958,60],{"class":59},[49,35960,516],{"class":458},[49,35962,103],{"class":85},[20,35964,35965],{},"It has two parts:",[194,35967,35968,35973],{},[197,35969,35970,35972],{},[15,35971,3626],{},": the object you want to loop through",[197,35974,35975,35977],{},[15,35976,368],{},": the number to begin counting from",[20,35979,35980,35981,32],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35982,516],{},[20,35984,214],{},[40,35986,35988],{"className":42,"code":35987,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35989,35990,36023,36027,36050],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,35991,35992,35995,35997,35999,36001,36003,36005,36007,36009,36011,36013,36015,36017,36019,36021],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,35993,35994],{"class":55},"letters ",[49,35996,60],{"class":59},[49,35998,3530],{"class":85},[49,36000,95],{"class":63},[49,36002,820],{"class":67},[49,36004,95],{"class":63},[49,36006,341],{"class":85},[49,36008,64],{"class":63},[49,36010,4667],{"class":67},[49,36012,95],{"class":63},[49,36014,341],{"class":85},[49,36016,64],{"class":63},[49,36018,9646],{"class":67},[49,36020,95],{"class":63},[49,36022,1244],{"class":85},[49,36024,36025],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36026,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,36028,36029,36031,36034,36036,36039,36041,36043,36045,36048],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36030,5865],{"class":1210},[49,36032,36033],{"class":55}," i",[49,36035,341],{"class":85},[49,36037,36038],{"class":55}," letter ",[49,36040,3788],{"class":1210},[49,36042,35737],{"class":109},[49,36044,92],{"class":85},[49,36046,36047],{"class":88},"letters",[49,36049,1396],{"class":85},[49,36051,36052,36054,36056,36059,36061,36064],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,36053,1273],{"class":109},[49,36055,92],{"class":85},[49,36057,36058],{"class":88},"i",[49,36060,341],{"class":85},[49,36062,36063],{"class":88}," letter",[49,36065,103],{"class":85},[20,36067,1974],{},[40,36069,36071],{"className":42,"code":36070,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36072,36073,36080,36087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36074,36075,36077],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36076,516],{"class":458},[49,36078,36079],{"class":55}," a\n",[49,36081,36082,36084],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36083,1223],{"class":458},[49,36085,36086],{"class":55}," b\n",[49,36088,36089,36091],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36090,312],{"class":458},[49,36092,36093],{"class":55}," c\n",[20,36095,36096,36097,32],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[820,36098,3482,36100,3415],{"href":36099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36101,36102],{},"range()",[181,36104,184,36106,11612],{"id":36105},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36107,35655],{},[20,36109,36110,36112,36113,32],{},[15,36111,35655],{}," returns an ",[666,36114,36115],{},"enumerate object",[20,36117,36118,36119,36121],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36120,5865],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[194,36123,36124],{},[197,36125,36126],{},[15,36127,36128],{},"(index, item)",[20,36130,36131],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36133,214],{},[40,36135,36137],{"className":42,"code":36136,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36138,36139,36172,36176,36198],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36140,36141,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36142,36143],{"class":55},"fruits ",[49,36145,60],{"class":59},[49,36147,3530],{"class":85},[49,36149,95],{"class":63},[49,36151,3985],{"class":67},[49,36153,95],{"class":63},[49,36155,341],{"class":85},[49,36157,64],{"class":63},[49,36159,230],{"class":67},[49,36161,95],{"class":63},[49,36163,341],{"class":85},[49,36165,64],{"class":63},[49,36167,33128],{"class":67},[49,36169,95],{"class":63},[49,36171,1244],{"class":85},[49,36173,36174],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36175,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,36177,36178,36180,36182,36184,36187,36189,36191,36193,36196],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36179,5865],{"class":1210},[49,36181,35727],{"class":55},[49,36183,341],{"class":85},[49,36185,36186],{"class":55}," fruit ",[49,36188,3788],{"class":1210},[49,36190,35737],{"class":109},[49,36192,92],{"class":85},[49,36194,36195],{"class":88},"fruits",[49,36197,1396],{"class":85},[49,36199,36200,36202,36204,36206,36208,36211],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,36201,1273],{"class":109},[49,36203,92],{"class":85},[49,36205,1100],{"class":88},[49,36207,341],{"class":85},[49,36209,36210],{"class":88}," fruit",[49,36212,103],{"class":85},[20,36214,36215],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[40,36217,36219],{"className":42,"code":36218,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36220,36221,36241,36245,36263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36222,36223,36225,36227,36229,36231,36233,36235,36237,36239],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36224,3525],{"class":55},[49,36226,60],{"class":59},[49,36228,3530],{"class":85},[49,36230,2233],{"class":458},[49,36232,341],{"class":85},[49,36234,7698],{"class":458},[49,36236,341],{"class":85},[49,36238,7703],{"class":458},[49,36240,1244],{"class":85},[49,36242,36243],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36244,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,36246,36247,36249,36251,36253,36255,36257,36259,36261],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36248,2131],{"class":55},[49,36250,60],{"class":59},[49,36252,22469],{"class":2804},[49,36254,92],{"class":85},[49,36256,35948],{"class":109},[49,36258,92],{"class":85},[49,36260,3556],{"class":88},[49,36262,1581],{"class":85},[49,36264,36265,36267,36269,36271],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,36266,110],{"class":109},[49,36268,92],{"class":85},[49,36270,2166],{"class":88},[49,36272,103],{"class":85},[20,36274,1974],{},[40,36276,36278],{"className":42,"code":36277,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36279,36280],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36281,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300,36302,36304,36306,36308,36310],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36283,21650],{"class":85},[49,36285,516],{"class":458},[49,36287,341],{"class":85},[49,36289,5911],{"class":458},[49,36291,9139],{"class":85},[49,36293,9142],{"class":85},[49,36295,1223],{"class":458},[49,36297,341],{"class":85},[49,36299,7698],{"class":458},[49,36301,9139],{"class":85},[49,36303,9142],{"class":85},[49,36305,312],{"class":458},[49,36307,341],{"class":85},[49,36309,7703],{"class":458},[49,36311,9155],{"class":85},[20,36313,36314,36315,36317],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36316,35655],{}," produces.",[181,36319,4868,36321],{"id":36320},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36322,35655],{},[20,36324,35,36325,36327],{},[15,36326,35655],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36329,36330],{},"Common cases:",[194,36332,36333,36336,36339,36342],{},[197,36334,36335],{},"printing numbered output",[197,36337,36338],{},"building menus",[197,36340,36341],{},"showing positions in a list",[197,36343,36344],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36346,214],{},[40,36348,36350],{"className":42,"code":36349,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36351,36352,36387,36391,36421],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36353,36354,36356,36358,36360,36362,36365,36367,36369,36371,36374,36376,36378,36380,36383,36385],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36355,29803],{"class":55},[49,36357,60],{"class":59},[49,36359,3530],{"class":85},[49,36361,95],{"class":63},[49,36363,36364],{"class":67},"Wash dishes",[49,36366,95],{"class":63},[49,36368,341],{"class":85},[49,36370,64],{"class":63},[49,36372,36373],{"class":67},"Study Python",[49,36375,95],{"class":63},[49,36377,341],{"class":85},[49,36379,64],{"class":63},[49,36381,36382],{"class":67},"Go for a walk",[49,36384,95],{"class":63},[49,36386,1244],{"class":85},[49,36388,36389],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36390,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,36392,36393,36395,36397,36399,36402,36404,36406,36408,36411,36413,36415,36417,36419],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36394,5865],{"class":1210},[49,36396,2099],{"class":55},[49,36398,341],{"class":85},[49,36400,36401],{"class":55}," task ",[49,36403,3788],{"class":1210},[49,36405,35737],{"class":109},[49,36407,92],{"class":85},[49,36409,36410],{"class":88},"tasks",[49,36412,341],{"class":85},[49,36414,344],{"class":9081},[49,36416,60],{"class":59},[49,36418,1223],{"class":458},[49,36420,1396],{"class":85},[49,36422,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441,36444,36446,36448],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,36424,1273],{"class":109},[49,36426,92],{"class":85},[49,36428,22203],{"class":1968},[49,36430,95],{"class":67},[49,36432,9184],{"class":458},[49,36434,2141],{"class":88},[49,36436,22212],{"class":458},[49,36438,28219],{"class":67},[49,36440,9184],{"class":458},[49,36442,36443],{"class":88},"task",[49,36445,22212],{"class":458},[49,36447,95],{"class":67},[49,36449,103],{"class":85},[20,36451,1974],{},[40,36453,36455],{"className":42,"code":36454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36456,36457,36469,36481],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36458,36459,36461,36463,36466],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36460,1223],{"class":458},[49,36462,32],{"class":85},[49,36464,36465],{"class":24660}," Wash",[49,36467,36468],{"class":55}," dishes\n",[49,36470,36471,36473,36475,36478],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36472,312],{"class":458},[49,36474,32],{"class":85},[49,36476,36477],{"class":24660}," Study",[49,36479,36480],{"class":55}," Python\n",[49,36482,36483,36485,36487,36490,36492],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36484,1965],{"class":458},[49,36486,32],{"class":85},[49,36488,36489],{"class":24660}," Go",[49,36491,3782],{"class":1210},[49,36493,36494],{"class":55}," a walk\n",[20,36496,36497,36498,36500,36501,32],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36499,35655],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36502,36503],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36505,36506,36507,32],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[820,36508,36510,36511,36513],{"href":36509},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36512,35655],{}," in Python",[181,36515,36517,36518,36520],{"id":36516},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36519,368],{}," argument",[20,36522,36523,36524,36526],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36525,368],{}," argument.",[20,36528,36529,36530,10999,36532,1197],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36531,1223],{},[15,36533,516],{},[40,36535,36537],{"className":42,"code":36536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36538,36539,36571,36575,36603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36540,36541,36543,36545,36547,36549,36551,36553,36555,36557,36559,36561,36563,36565,36567,36569],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36542,12984],{"class":55},[49,36544,60],{"class":59},[49,36546,3530],{"class":85},[49,36548,95],{"class":63},[49,36550,13001],{"class":67},[49,36552,95],{"class":63},[49,36554,341],{"class":85},[49,36556,64],{"class":63},[49,36558,17365],{"class":67},[49,36560,95],{"class":63},[49,36562,341],{"class":85},[49,36564,64],{"class":63},[49,36566,13018],{"class":67},[49,36568,95],{"class":63},[49,36570,1244],{"class":85},[49,36572,36573],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36574,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,36576,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587,36589,36591,36593,36595,36597,36599,36601],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36578,5865],{"class":1210},[49,36580,35727],{"class":55},[49,36582,341],{"class":85},[49,36584,35732],{"class":55},[49,36586,3788],{"class":1210},[49,36588,35737],{"class":109},[49,36590,92],{"class":85},[49,36592,17412],{"class":88},[49,36594,341],{"class":85},[49,36596,344],{"class":9081},[49,36598,60],{"class":59},[49,36600,1223],{"class":458},[49,36602,1396],{"class":85},[49,36604,36605,36607,36609,36611,36613,36615],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,36606,1273],{"class":109},[49,36608,92],{"class":85},[49,36610,1100],{"class":88},[49,36612,341],{"class":85},[49,36614,35756],{"class":88},[49,36616,103],{"class":85},[20,36618,1974],{},[40,36620,36622],{"className":42,"code":36621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36623,36624,36630,36636],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36625,36626,36628],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36627,1223],{"class":458},[49,36629,35772],{"class":55},[49,36631,36632,36634],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36633,312],{"class":458},[49,36635,35779],{"class":55},[49,36637,36638,36640],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36639,1965],{"class":458},[49,36641,35786],{"class":55},[20,36643,36644],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36646,36647],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[181,36649,25268],{"id":25267},[20,36651,25271,36652,32],{},[15,36653,35655],{},[353,36655,36657],{"id":36656},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36659,36660],{},"In this loop:",[40,36662,36664],{"className":42,"code":36663,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36665,36666,36686,36690,36710],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36667,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682,36684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36669,3525],{"class":55},[49,36671,60],{"class":59},[49,36673,3530],{"class":85},[49,36675,2233],{"class":458},[49,36677,341],{"class":85},[49,36679,7698],{"class":458},[49,36681,341],{"class":85},[49,36683,7703],{"class":458},[49,36685,1244],{"class":85},[49,36687,36688],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36689,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,36691,36692,36694,36696,36698,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36693,5865],{"class":1210},[49,36695,35727],{"class":55},[49,36697,341],{"class":85},[49,36699,21494],{"class":55},[49,36701,3788],{"class":1210},[49,36703,35737],{"class":109},[49,36705,92],{"class":85},[49,36707,3556],{"class":88},[49,36709,1396],{"class":85},[49,36711,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,36713,1273],{"class":109},[49,36715,92],{"class":85},[49,36717,1100],{"class":88},[49,36719,341],{"class":85},[49,36721,8341],{"class":88},[49,36723,103],{"class":85},[194,36725,36726,36736],{},[197,36727,36728,4690,36730,2091,36732,2091,36734],{},[15,36729,1100],{},[15,36731,516],{},[15,36733,1223],{},[15,36735,312],{},[197,36737,36738,4690,36740,2091,36742,2091,36744],{},[15,36739,338],{},[15,36741,2233],{},[15,36743,15665],{},[15,36745,36746],{},"30",[20,36748,36749],{},"These are different things.",[353,36751,36753],{"id":36752},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36755,36756,36757,36759],{},"Each item from ",[15,36758,35655],{}," is a pair.",[20,36761,6594],{},[40,36763,36765],{"className":42,"code":36764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36766,36767,36791,36795,36815],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36768,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777,36779,36781,36783,36785,36787,36789],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36770,7687],{"class":55},[49,36772,60],{"class":59},[49,36774,3530],{"class":85},[49,36776,95],{"class":63},[49,36778,283],{"class":67},[49,36780,95],{"class":63},[49,36782,341],{"class":85},[49,36784,64],{"class":63},[49,36786,11652],{"class":67},[49,36788,95],{"class":63},[49,36790,1244],{"class":85},[49,36792,36793],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36794,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,36796,36797,36799,36801,36803,36805,36807,36809,36811,36813],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36798,5865],{"class":1210},[49,36800,36033],{"class":55},[49,36802,341],{"class":85},[49,36804,5868],{"class":55},[49,36806,3788],{"class":1210},[49,36808,35737],{"class":109},[49,36810,92],{"class":85},[49,36812,7718],{"class":88},[49,36814,1396],{"class":85},[49,36816,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,36818,1273],{"class":109},[49,36820,92],{"class":85},[49,36822,36058],{"class":88},[49,36824,341],{"class":85},[49,36826,29412],{"class":88},[49,36828,103],{"class":85},[20,36830,36831],{},"But this causes an error:",[40,36833,36835],{"className":42,"code":36834,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36836,36837,36861,36865,36890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36838,36839,36841,36843,36845,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36840,7687],{"class":55},[49,36842,60],{"class":59},[49,36844,3530],{"class":85},[49,36846,95],{"class":63},[49,36848,283],{"class":67},[49,36850,95],{"class":63},[49,36852,341],{"class":85},[49,36854,64],{"class":63},[49,36856,11652],{"class":67},[49,36858,95],{"class":63},[49,36860,1244],{"class":85},[49,36862,36863],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36864,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,36866,36867,36869,36871,36873,36875,36877,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36868,5865],{"class":1210},[49,36870,36033],{"class":55},[49,36872,341],{"class":85},[49,36874,29412],{"class":55},[49,36876,341],{"class":85},[49,36878,36879],{"class":55}," extra ",[49,36881,3788],{"class":1210},[49,36883,35737],{"class":109},[49,36885,92],{"class":85},[49,36887,7718],{"class":88},[49,36889,1396],{"class":85},[49,36891,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36907],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,36893,1273],{"class":109},[49,36895,92],{"class":85},[49,36897,36058],{"class":88},[49,36899,341],{"class":85},[49,36901,29412],{"class":88},[49,36903,341],{"class":85},[49,36905,36906],{"class":88}," extra",[49,36908,103],{"class":85},[20,36910,28966,36911,36913],{},[15,36912,35655],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[353,36915,36917,36919],{"id":36916},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36918,35655],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36921,36922],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36924,36925],{},"Example with a string:",[40,36927,36929],{"className":42,"code":36928,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36930,36931,36957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36932,36933,36935,36937,36939,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950,36953,36955],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36934,5865],{"class":1210},[49,36936,35727],{"class":55},[49,36938,341],{"class":85},[49,36940,36941],{"class":55}," char ",[49,36943,3788],{"class":1210},[49,36945,35737],{"class":109},[49,36947,92],{"class":85},[49,36949,95],{"class":63},[49,36951,36952],{"class":67},"cat",[49,36954,95],{"class":63},[49,36956,1396],{"class":85},[49,36958,36959,36961,36963,36965,36967,36970],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36960,1273],{"class":109},[49,36962,92],{"class":85},[49,36964,1100],{"class":88},[49,36966,341],{"class":85},[49,36968,36969],{"class":88}," char",[49,36971,103],{"class":85},[20,36973,1974],{},[40,36975,36977],{"className":42,"code":36976,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36978,36979,36985,36991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,36980,36981,36983],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,36982,516],{"class":458},[49,36984,36093],{"class":55},[49,36986,36987,36989],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,36988,1223],{"class":458},[49,36990,36079],{"class":55},[49,36992,36993,36995],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,36994,312],{"class":458},[49,36996,36997],{"class":55}," t\n",[20,36999,37000,37001,32],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[820,37002,5044],{"href":5493},[353,37004,37006],{"id":37005},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37008,37009,37010,32],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37011,35655],{},[20,37013,37014,37015,37017],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37016,5865],{}," loop:",[40,37019,37021],{"className":42,"code":37020,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37022,37023,37055,37059,37071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37024,37025,37027,37029,37031,37033,37035,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049,37051,37053],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37026,12984],{"class":55},[49,37028,60],{"class":59},[49,37030,3530],{"class":85},[49,37032,95],{"class":63},[49,37034,13001],{"class":67},[49,37036,95],{"class":63},[49,37038,341],{"class":85},[49,37040,64],{"class":63},[49,37042,17365],{"class":67},[49,37044,95],{"class":63},[49,37046,341],{"class":85},[49,37048,64],{"class":63},[49,37050,13018],{"class":67},[49,37052,95],{"class":63},[49,37054,1244],{"class":85},[49,37056,37057],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,37058,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,37060,37061,37063,37065,37067,37069],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,37062,5865],{"class":1210},[49,37064,35732],{"class":55},[49,37066,3788],{"class":1210},[49,37068,13032],{"class":55},[49,37070,1226],{"class":85},[49,37072,37073,37075,37077,37079],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,37074,1273],{"class":109},[49,37076,92],{"class":85},[49,37078,32798],{"class":88},[49,37080,103],{"class":85},[20,37082,37083],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[181,37085,1308],{"id":1307},[20,37087,37088],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[194,37090,37091,37096,37102,37107],{},[197,37092,23010,37093,37095],{},[15,37094,35655],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[197,37097,37098,37099,37101],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37100,516],{}," by default",[197,37103,644,37104,37106],{},[15,37105,35655],{}," when only values are needed",[197,37108,1339,37109,1342,37111],{},[15,37110,35655],{},[15,37112,36102],{},[20,37114,37115],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[40,37117,37119],{"className":42,"code":37118,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37120,37121,37143,37170,37204,37237],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37122,37123,37125,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37124,110],{"class":109},[49,37126,92],{"class":85},[49,37128,35948],{"class":109},[49,37130,2889],{"class":85},[49,37132,2233],{"class":458},[49,37134,341],{"class":85},[49,37136,7698],{"class":458},[49,37138,341],{"class":85},[49,37140,7703],{"class":458},[49,37142,2903],{"class":85},[49,37144,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153,37155,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,37146,110],{"class":109},[49,37148,92],{"class":85},[49,37150,8002],{"class":2804},[49,37152,92],{"class":85},[49,37154,35948],{"class":109},[49,37156,2889],{"class":85},[49,37158,2233],{"class":458},[49,37160,341],{"class":85},[49,37162,7698],{"class":458},[49,37164,341],{"class":85},[49,37166,7703],{"class":458},[49,37168,37169],{"class":85},"])))\n",[49,37171,37172,37174,37176,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186,37188,37190,37192,37194,37196,37198,37200,37202],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,37173,110],{"class":109},[49,37175,92],{"class":85},[49,37177,8002],{"class":2804},[49,37179,92],{"class":85},[49,37181,35948],{"class":109},[49,37183,2889],{"class":85},[49,37185,2233],{"class":458},[49,37187,341],{"class":85},[49,37189,7698],{"class":458},[49,37191,341],{"class":85},[49,37193,7703],{"class":458},[49,37195,17972],{"class":85},[49,37197,344],{"class":9081},[49,37199,60],{"class":59},[49,37201,1223],{"class":458},[49,37203,2815],{"class":85},[49,37205,37206,37208,37210,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,37207,5865],{"class":1210},[49,37209,36033],{"class":55},[49,37211,341],{"class":85},[49,37213,21494],{"class":55},[49,37215,3788],{"class":1210},[49,37217,35737],{"class":109},[49,37219,2889],{"class":85},[49,37221,1573],{"class":63},[49,37223,820],{"class":67},[49,37225,1573],{"class":63},[49,37227,341],{"class":85},[49,37229,3202],{"class":63},[49,37231,4667],{"class":67},[49,37233,1573],{"class":63},[49,37235,37236],{"class":85},"]):\n",[49,37238,37239,37241,37243,37245,37247,37249],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,37240,1273],{"class":109},[49,37242,92],{"class":85},[49,37244,36058],{"class":88},[49,37246,341],{"class":85},[49,37248,8341],{"class":88},[49,37250,103],{"class":85},[20,37252,16870],{},[40,37254,37256],{"className":42,"code":37255,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37257,37258,37278,37310,37342,37348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37259,37260,37262,37264,37266,37269,37273,37276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37261,3196],{"class":59},[49,37263,35948],{"class":109},[49,37265,24527],{"class":2804},[49,37267,37268],{"class":55}," at ",[49,37270,37272],{"class":37271},"srjyR","0x",[49,37274,37275],{"class":34361},"...",[49,37277,3209],{"class":59},[49,37279,37280,37282,37284,37286,37288,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298,37300,37302,37304,37306,37308],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,37281,21650],{"class":85},[49,37283,516],{"class":458},[49,37285,341],{"class":85},[49,37287,5911],{"class":458},[49,37289,9139],{"class":85},[49,37291,9142],{"class":85},[49,37293,1223],{"class":458},[49,37295,341],{"class":85},[49,37297,7698],{"class":458},[49,37299,9139],{"class":85},[49,37301,9142],{"class":85},[49,37303,312],{"class":458},[49,37305,341],{"class":85},[49,37307,7703],{"class":458},[49,37309,9155],{"class":85},[49,37311,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37330,37332,37334,37336,37338,37340],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,37313,21650],{"class":85},[49,37315,1223],{"class":458},[49,37317,341],{"class":85},[49,37319,5911],{"class":458},[49,37321,9139],{"class":85},[49,37323,9142],{"class":85},[49,37325,312],{"class":458},[49,37327,341],{"class":85},[49,37329,7698],{"class":458},[49,37331,9139],{"class":85},[49,37333,9142],{"class":85},[49,37335,1965],{"class":458},[49,37337,341],{"class":85},[49,37339,7703],{"class":458},[49,37341,9155],{"class":85},[49,37343,37344,37346],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,37345,516],{"class":458},[49,37347,36079],{"class":55},[49,37349,37350,37352],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,37351,1223],{"class":458},[49,37353,36086],{"class":55},[181,37355,1704],{"id":1703},[353,37357,5050,37359,5053],{"id":37358},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37360,35655],{},[20,37362,37363],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[353,37365,1720,37367,37369],{"id":37366},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37368,35655],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37371,37372,37373,37375,37376,37379],{},"It starts at ",[15,37374,516],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37377,37378],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[353,37381,21330,37383,10999,37385,2394],{"id":37382},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37384,35655],{},[15,37386,37387],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37389,36497,37390,37392],{},[15,37391,35655],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[353,37394,5077,37396,37398],{"id":37395},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37397,35655],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37400,37401,37402,37404],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37403,35655],{}," can return each character with its index.",[181,37406,1775],{"id":1774},[194,37408,37409,37413,37419,37426],{},[197,37410,37411],{},[820,37412,35934],{"href":35933},[197,37414,37415],{},[820,37416,3482,37417,3415],{"href":36099},[15,37418,36102],{},[197,37420,37421],{},[820,37422,37423,37424,36513],{"href":36509},"How to use ",[15,37425,35655],{},[197,37427,37428],{},[820,37429,5123],{"href":5493},[1834,37431,37432],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":37434},[37435,37436,37438,37439,37441,37443,37445,37452,37453,37463],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":35794,"depth":74,"text":37437},"What enumerate() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":36105,"depth":74,"text":37440},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36320,"depth":74,"text":37442},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36516,"depth":74,"text":37444},"Using the start argument",{"id":25267,"depth":74,"text":25268,"children":37446},[37447,37448,37449,37451],{"id":36656,"depth":106,"text":36657},{"id":36752,"depth":106,"text":36753},{"id":36916,"depth":106,"text":37450},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37005,"depth":106,"text":37006},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":37454},[37455,37457,37459,37461],{"id":37358,"depth":106,"text":37456},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37366,"depth":106,"text":37458},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37382,"depth":106,"text":37460},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37395,"depth":106,"text":37462},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35647,"description":37464},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37471,"title":37472,"body":37473,"description":39986,"extension":1866,"meta":39987,"navigation":128,"path":39988,"seo":39989,"stem":39990,"__hash__":39991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37474,"toc":39943},[37475,37481,37486,37489,37497,37511,37513,37604,37612,37617,37622,37624,37640,37642,37721,37723,37740,37746,37750,37752,37773,37777,37780,37792,37796,37799,37802,37819,37822,37898,37900,37917,37922,37924,37932,37935,37950,37952,38041,38043,38088,38091,38095,38098,38177,38179,38201,38204,38211,38216,38219,38321,38323,38348,38351,38358,38364,38369,38372,38383,38489,38491,38512,38520,38527,38533,38552,38557,38560,38579,38581,38666,38668,38697,38700,38705,38710,38713,38724,38726,38815,38817,38837,38843,38949,38951,38971,38974,39058,39060,39080,39087,39089,39093,39099,39102,39159,39162,39165,39226,39235,39238,39241,39269,39272,39332,39334,39351,39355,39358,39436,39438,39458,39461,39536,39540,39543,39545,39554,39559,39561,39612,39620,39632,39637,39698,39700,39717,39721,39784,39786,39811,39819,39821,39827,39833,39840,39848,39854,39857,39864,39874,39880,39886,39889,39906,39912,39914,39940],[10,37476,3482,37478,3486],{"id":37477},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37479,37480],{},"filter()",[20,37482,37483,37485],{},[15,37484,37480],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37487,37488],{},"It takes:",[194,37490,37491,37494],{},[197,37492,37493],{},"a function that checks each item",[197,37495,37496],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37498,37499,37500,37503,37504,37507,37508,37510],{},"The result is ",[666,37501,37502],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37505,37506],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37509,24691],{}," to see the values.",[181,37512,1907],{"id":1906},[40,37514,37516],{"className":42,"code":37515,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37517,37518,37551,37587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37519,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542,37544,37546,37549],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37521,3525],{"class":55},[49,37523,60],{"class":59},[49,37525,3530],{"class":85},[49,37527,1223],{"class":458},[49,37529,341],{"class":85},[49,37531,2896],{"class":458},[49,37533,341],{"class":85},[49,37535,2354],{"class":458},[49,37537,341],{"class":85},[49,37539,808],{"class":458},[49,37541,341],{"class":85},[49,37543,459],{"class":458},[49,37545,341],{"class":85},[49,37547,37548],{"class":458}," 6",[49,37550,1244],{"class":85},[49,37552,37553,37555,37557,37560,37562,37565,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,37554,2131],{"class":55},[49,37556,60],{"class":59},[49,37558,37559],{"class":109}," filter",[49,37561,92],{"class":85},[49,37563,37564],{"class":1968},"lambda",[49,37566,37568],{"class":37567},"sFwrP"," x",[49,37570,1197],{"class":85},[49,37572,3785],{"class":88},[49,37574,6310],{"class":59},[49,37576,2896],{"class":458},[49,37578,6315],{"class":59},[49,37580,770],{"class":458},[49,37582,341],{"class":85},[49,37584,4169],{"class":88},[49,37586,103],{"class":85},[49,37588,37589,37591,37593,37595,37597,37599,37601],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,37590,110],{"class":109},[49,37592,92],{"class":85},[49,37594,8002],{"class":2804},[49,37596,92],{"class":85},[49,37598,2166],{"class":88},[49,37600,261],{"class":85},[49,37602,37603],{"class":121},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37605,37606,37608,37609,37611],{},[15,37607,37480],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37610,24691],{}," to see the results.",[181,37613,184,37615,187],{"id":37614},"what-filter-does",[15,37616,37480],{},[20,37618,37619,37621],{},[15,37620,37480],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37623,2011],{},[194,37625,37626,37629,37635],{},[197,37627,37628],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[197,37630,37631,37632,37634],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37633,633],{},", the item is kept",[197,37636,37631,37637,37639],{},[15,37638,637],{},", the item is removed",[20,37641,214],{},[40,37643,37645],{"className":42,"code":37644,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37646,37647,37675,37679,37707],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37648,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37650,3525],{"class":55},[49,37652,60],{"class":59},[49,37654,3530],{"class":85},[49,37656,1223],{"class":458},[49,37658,341],{"class":85},[49,37660,2896],{"class":458},[49,37662,341],{"class":85},[49,37664,2354],{"class":458},[49,37666,341],{"class":85},[49,37668,808],{"class":458},[49,37670,341],{"class":85},[49,37672,459],{"class":458},[49,37674,1244],{"class":85},[49,37676,37677],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,37678,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,37680,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,37682,2131],{"class":55},[49,37684,60],{"class":59},[49,37686,37559],{"class":109},[49,37688,92],{"class":85},[49,37690,37564],{"class":1968},[49,37692,37568],{"class":37567},[49,37694,1197],{"class":85},[49,37696,3785],{"class":88},[49,37698,4158],{"class":59},[49,37700,2354],{"class":458},[49,37702,341],{"class":85},[49,37704,4169],{"class":88},[49,37706,103],{"class":85},[49,37708,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,37710,110],{"class":109},[49,37712,92],{"class":85},[49,37714,8002],{"class":2804},[49,37716,92],{"class":85},[49,37718,2166],{"class":88},[49,37720,1581],{"class":85},[20,37722,1974],{},[40,37724,37726],{"className":42,"code":37725,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37727,37728],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37729,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37731,1256],{"class":85},[49,37733,2407],{"class":458},[49,37735,341],{"class":85},[49,37737,459],{"class":458},[49,37739,1244],{"class":85},[20,37741,37742,37743,37745],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37744,1965],{}," are kept.",[181,37747,37749],{"id":37748},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37751,319],{},[40,37753,37755],{"className":42,"code":37754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37756,37757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37758,37759,37761,37763,37766,37768,37771],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37760,37506],{"class":109},[49,37762,92],{"class":85},[49,37764,37765],{"class":88},"function",[49,37767,341],{"class":85},[49,37769,37770],{"class":88}," iterable",[49,37772,103],{"class":85},[353,37774,37775],{"id":37765},[15,37776,37765],{},[20,37778,37779],{},"This is the test function.",[194,37781,37782,37785],{},[197,37783,37784],{},"It receives one item at a time",[197,37786,37787,37788,634,37790],{},"It should return ",[15,37789,633],{},[15,37791,637],{},[353,37793,37794],{"id":3626},[15,37795,3626],{},[20,37797,37798],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37800,37801],{},"It can be:",[194,37803,37804,37807,37810,37813,37816],{},[197,37805,37806],{},"a list",[197,37808,37809],{},"a tuple",[197,37811,37812],{},"a string",[197,37814,37815],{},"a set",[197,37817,37818],{},"another iterable object",[20,37820,37821],{},"Example with a tuple:",[40,37823,37825],{"className":42,"code":37824,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37826,37827,37852,37856,37884],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37828,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37830,3525],{"class":55},[49,37832,60],{"class":59},[49,37834,9142],{"class":85},[49,37836,2233],{"class":458},[49,37838,341],{"class":85},[49,37840,37841],{"class":458}," 15",[49,37843,341],{"class":85},[49,37845,7698],{"class":458},[49,37847,341],{"class":85},[49,37849,9212],{"class":458},[49,37851,103],{"class":85},[49,37853,37854],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,37855,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,37857,37858,37860,37862,37864,37866,37868,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,37859,2131],{"class":55},[49,37861,60],{"class":59},[49,37863,37559],{"class":109},[49,37865,92],{"class":85},[49,37867,37564],{"class":1968},[49,37869,37568],{"class":37567},[49,37871,1197],{"class":85},[49,37873,3785],{"class":88},[49,37875,5006],{"class":59},[49,37877,7698],{"class":458},[49,37879,341],{"class":85},[49,37881,4169],{"class":88},[49,37883,103],{"class":85},[49,37885,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894,37896],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,37887,110],{"class":109},[49,37889,92],{"class":85},[49,37891,8002],{"class":2804},[49,37893,92],{"class":85},[49,37895,2166],{"class":88},[49,37897,1581],{"class":85},[20,37899,1974],{},[40,37901,37903],{"className":42,"code":37902,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37904,37905],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37906,37907,37909,37911,37913,37915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37908,1256],{"class":85},[49,37910,15665],{"class":458},[49,37912,341],{"class":85},[49,37914,9212],{"class":458},[49,37916,1244],{"class":85},[20,37918,37919,37920,32],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[820,37921,5044],{"href":5493},[181,37923,502],{"id":501},[20,37925,37926,37927,21885,37929,32],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37928,37480],{},[666,37930,37931],{},"filter object",[20,37933,37934],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[194,37936,37937,37940,37945],{},[197,37938,37939],{},"loop through it",[197,37941,37942,37943],{},"convert it with ",[15,37944,24691],{},[197,37946,37942,37947],{},[15,37948,37949],{},"tuple()",[20,37951,214],{},[40,37953,37955],{"className":42,"code":37954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37956,37957,37999,38003,38013,38027],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,37958,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37995,37997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,37960,2131],{"class":55},[49,37962,60],{"class":59},[49,37964,37559],{"class":109},[49,37966,92],{"class":85},[49,37968,37564],{"class":1968},[49,37970,37568],{"class":37567},[49,37972,1197],{"class":85},[49,37974,3785],{"class":88},[49,37976,4158],{"class":59},[49,37978,2896],{"class":458},[49,37980,341],{"class":85},[49,37982,3530],{"class":85},[49,37984,1223],{"class":458},[49,37986,341],{"class":85},[49,37988,2896],{"class":458},[49,37990,341],{"class":85},[49,37992,2354],{"class":458},[49,37994,341],{"class":85},[49,37996,808],{"class":458},[49,37998,3794],{"class":85},[49,38000,38001],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,38002,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,38004,38005,38007,38009,38011],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,38006,110],{"class":109},[49,38008,92],{"class":85},[49,38010,2166],{"class":88},[49,38012,103],{"class":85},[49,38014,38015,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,38016,110],{"class":109},[49,38018,92],{"class":85},[49,38020,3127],{"class":2804},[49,38022,92],{"class":85},[49,38024,2166],{"class":88},[49,38026,1581],{"class":85},[49,38028,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,38030,110],{"class":109},[49,38032,92],{"class":85},[49,38034,8002],{"class":2804},[49,38036,92],{"class":85},[49,38038,2166],{"class":88},[49,38040,1581],{"class":85},[20,38042,1974],{},[40,38044,38046],{"className":42,"code":38045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38047,38048,38062,38076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38049,38050,38052,38054,38056,38058,38060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38051,3196],{"class":59},[49,38053,37506],{"class":109},[49,38055,24527],{"class":2804},[49,38057,37268],{"class":55},[49,38059,37275],{"class":34361},[49,38061,3209],{"class":59},[49,38063,38064,38066,38068,38070,38072,38074],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,38065,3196],{"class":59},[49,38067,3199],{"class":1968},[49,38069,3202],{"class":63},[49,38071,37506],{"class":67},[49,38073,1573],{"class":63},[49,38075,3209],{"class":59},[49,38077,38078,38080,38082,38084,38086],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,38079,1256],{"class":85},[49,38081,1965],{"class":458},[49,38083,341],{"class":85},[49,38085,808],{"class":458},[49,38087,1244],{"class":85},[20,38089,38090],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[353,38092,38094],{"id":38093},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38096,38097],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[40,38099,38101],{"className":42,"code":38100,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38102,38103,38145,38149,38163],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38104,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38106,2131],{"class":55},[49,38108,60],{"class":59},[49,38110,37559],{"class":109},[49,38112,92],{"class":85},[49,38114,37564],{"class":1968},[49,38116,37568],{"class":37567},[49,38118,1197],{"class":85},[49,38120,3785],{"class":88},[49,38122,4158],{"class":59},[49,38124,2896],{"class":458},[49,38126,341],{"class":85},[49,38128,3530],{"class":85},[49,38130,1223],{"class":458},[49,38132,341],{"class":85},[49,38134,2896],{"class":458},[49,38136,341],{"class":85},[49,38138,2354],{"class":458},[49,38140,341],{"class":85},[49,38142,808],{"class":458},[49,38144,3794],{"class":85},[49,38146,38147],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,38148,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,38150,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,38152,110],{"class":109},[49,38154,92],{"class":85},[49,38156,8002],{"class":2804},[49,38158,92],{"class":85},[49,38160,2166],{"class":88},[49,38162,1581],{"class":85},[49,38164,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,38166,110],{"class":109},[49,38168,92],{"class":85},[49,38170,8002],{"class":2804},[49,38172,92],{"class":85},[49,38174,2166],{"class":88},[49,38176,1581],{"class":85},[20,38178,1974],{},[40,38180,38182],{"className":42,"code":38181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38183,38184,38196],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38185,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38187,1256],{"class":85},[49,38189,1965],{"class":458},[49,38191,341],{"class":85},[49,38193,808],{"class":458},[49,38195,1244],{"class":85},[49,38197,38198],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,38199,38200],{"class":85},"[]\n",[20,38202,38203],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[181,38205,644,38207,1342,38209],{"id":38206},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38208,37480],{},[15,38210,37564],{},[20,38212,15099,38213,38215],{},[15,38214,37564],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38217,38218],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[40,38220,38222],{"className":42,"code":38221,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38223,38224,38266,38270,38307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38225,38226,38228,38230,38232,38234,38236,38238,38240,38242,38245,38247,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257,38259,38262,38264],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38227,3976],{"class":55},[49,38229,60],{"class":59},[49,38231,3530],{"class":85},[49,38233,95],{"class":63},[49,38235,3985],{"class":67},[49,38237,95],{"class":63},[49,38239,341],{"class":85},[49,38241,64],{"class":63},[49,38243,38244],{"class":67},"kiwi",[49,38246,95],{"class":63},[49,38248,341],{"class":85},[49,38250,64],{"class":63},[49,38252,230],{"class":67},[49,38254,95],{"class":63},[49,38256,341],{"class":85},[49,38258,64],{"class":63},[49,38260,38261],{"class":67},"fig",[49,38263,95],{"class":63},[49,38265,1244],{"class":85},[49,38267,38268],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,38269,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,38271,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282,38285,38287,38290,38292,38294,38296,38299,38301,38303,38305],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,38273,2131],{"class":55},[49,38275,60],{"class":59},[49,38277,37559],{"class":109},[49,38279,92],{"class":85},[49,38281,37564],{"class":1968},[49,38283,38284],{"class":37567}," word",[49,38286,1197],{"class":85},[49,38288,38289],{"class":109}," len",[49,38291,92],{"class":85},[49,38293,1576],{"class":88},[49,38295,118],{"class":85},[49,38297,38298],{"class":59}," >",[49,38300,808],{"class":458},[49,38302,341],{"class":85},[49,38304,6075],{"class":88},[49,38306,103],{"class":85},[49,38308,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,38310,110],{"class":109},[49,38312,92],{"class":85},[49,38314,8002],{"class":2804},[49,38316,92],{"class":85},[49,38318,2166],{"class":88},[49,38320,1581],{"class":85},[20,38322,1974],{},[40,38324,38326],{"className":42,"code":38325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38327,38328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38329,38330,38332,38334,38336,38338,38340,38342,38344,38346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38331,1256],{"class":85},[49,38333,1573],{"class":63},[49,38335,3985],{"class":67},[49,38337,1573],{"class":63},[49,38339,341],{"class":85},[49,38341,3202],{"class":63},[49,38343,230],{"class":67},[49,38345,1573],{"class":63},[49,38347,1244],{"class":85},[20,38349,38350],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38352,38353,38354,32],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[820,38355,38357],{"href":38356},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[181,38359,644,38361,38363],{"id":38360},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38362,37480],{}," with a named function",[20,38365,38366,38367,32],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38368,37564],{},[20,38370,38371],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[194,38373,38374,38377,38380],{},[197,38375,38376],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[197,38378,38379],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[197,38381,38382],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[40,38384,38386],{"className":42,"code":38385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38387,38388,38401,38416,38420,38452,38471,38475],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38389,38390,38392,38395,38397,38399],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38391,34758],{"class":1968},[49,38393,38394],{"class":34761}," is_even",[49,38396,92],{"class":85},[49,38398,2141],{"class":37567},[49,38400,1396],{"class":85},[49,38402,38403,38405,38407,38409,38411,38413],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,38404,34769],{"class":1210},[49,38406,6294],{"class":55},[49,38408,6310],{"class":59},[49,38410,2896],{"class":458},[49,38412,6315],{"class":59},[49,38414,38415],{"class":458}," 0\n",[49,38417,38418],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,38419,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,38421,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,38423,3525],{"class":55},[49,38425,60],{"class":59},[49,38427,3530],{"class":85},[49,38429,1223],{"class":458},[49,38431,341],{"class":85},[49,38433,2896],{"class":458},[49,38435,341],{"class":85},[49,38437,2354],{"class":458},[49,38439,341],{"class":85},[49,38441,808],{"class":458},[49,38443,341],{"class":85},[49,38445,459],{"class":458},[49,38447,341],{"class":85},[49,38449,37548],{"class":458},[49,38451,1244],{"class":85},[49,38453,38454,38456,38458,38460,38462,38465,38467,38469],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,38455,2131],{"class":55},[49,38457,60],{"class":59},[49,38459,37559],{"class":109},[49,38461,92],{"class":85},[49,38463,38464],{"class":88},"is_even",[49,38466,341],{"class":85},[49,38468,4169],{"class":88},[49,38470,103],{"class":85},[49,38472,38473],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,38474,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,38476,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,38478,110],{"class":109},[49,38480,92],{"class":85},[49,38482,8002],{"class":2804},[49,38484,92],{"class":85},[49,38486,2166],{"class":88},[49,38488,1581],{"class":85},[20,38490,1974],{},[40,38492,38494],{"className":42,"code":38493,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38495,38496],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38497,38498,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38499,1256],{"class":85},[49,38501,312],{"class":458},[49,38503,341],{"class":85},[49,38505,808],{"class":458},[49,38507,341],{"class":85},[49,38509,37548],{"class":458},[49,38511,1244],{"class":85},[20,38513,305,38514,1000,38517,38519],{},[15,38515,38516],{},"is_even()",[15,38518,633],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[181,38521,644,38523,1342,38525],{"id":38522},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38524,3684],{},[15,38526,37480],{},[20,38528,38529,38530,38532],{},"You can pass ",[15,38531,3684],{}," as the first argument:",[40,38534,38536],{"className":42,"code":38535,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38537,38538],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38539,38540,38542,38544,38546,38548,38550],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38541,37506],{"class":109},[49,38543,92],{"class":85},[49,38545,3684],{"class":3757},[49,38547,341],{"class":85},[49,38549,37770],{"class":88},[49,38551,103],{"class":85},[20,38553,38554,38555,7246],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[666,38556,5503],{},[20,38558,38559],{},"Falsy values include:",[194,38561,38562,38566,38571,38575],{},[197,38563,38564],{},[15,38565,516],{},[197,38567,38568,38570],{},[15,38569,3679],{}," (empty string)",[197,38572,38573],{},[15,38574,3684],{},[197,38576,38577],{},[15,38578,637],{},[20,38580,214],{},[40,38582,38584],{"className":42,"code":38583,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38585,38586,38630,38634,38652],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38587,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602,38604,38606,38608,38610,38612,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38589,7687],{"class":55},[49,38591,60],{"class":59},[49,38593,3530],{"class":85},[49,38595,516],{"class":458},[49,38597,341],{"class":85},[49,38599,1264],{"class":458},[49,38601,341],{"class":85},[49,38603,6033],{"class":63},[49,38605,341],{"class":85},[49,38607,64],{"class":63},[49,38609,917],{"class":67},[49,38611,95],{"class":63},[49,38613,341],{"class":85},[49,38615,3758],{"class":3757},[49,38617,341],{"class":85},[49,38619,3821],{"class":3757},[49,38621,341],{"class":85},[49,38623,3812],{"class":3757},[49,38625,341],{"class":85},[49,38627,459],{"class":458},[49,38629,1244],{"class":85},[49,38631,38632],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,38633,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,38635,38636,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,38637,2131],{"class":55},[49,38639,60],{"class":59},[49,38641,37559],{"class":109},[49,38643,92],{"class":85},[49,38645,3684],{"class":3757},[49,38647,341],{"class":85},[49,38649,5873],{"class":88},[49,38651,103],{"class":85},[49,38653,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,38655,110],{"class":109},[49,38657,92],{"class":85},[49,38659,8002],{"class":2804},[49,38661,92],{"class":85},[49,38663,2166],{"class":88},[49,38665,1581],{"class":85},[20,38667,1974],{},[40,38669,38671],{"className":42,"code":38670,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38672,38673],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38674,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685,38687,38689,38691,38693,38695],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38676,1256],{"class":85},[49,38678,1223],{"class":458},[49,38680,341],{"class":85},[49,38682,3202],{"class":63},[49,38684,917],{"class":67},[49,38686,1573],{"class":63},[49,38688,341],{"class":85},[49,38690,3821],{"class":3757},[49,38692,341],{"class":85},[49,38694,459],{"class":458},[49,38696,1244],{"class":85},[20,38698,38699],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[181,38701,4868,38703],{"id":38702},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38704,37480],{},[20,38706,35,38707,38709],{},[15,38708,37480],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38711,38712],{},"It works well for:",[194,38714,38715,38718,38721],{},[197,38716,38717],{},"simple filtering rules",[197,38719,38720],{},"quick data cleaning",[197,38722,38723],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38725,214],{},[40,38727,38729],{"className":42,"code":38728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38730,38731,38763,38796,38800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38732,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755,38757,38759,38761],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38734,3525],{"class":55},[49,38736,60],{"class":59},[49,38738,3530],{"class":85},[49,38740,1223],{"class":458},[49,38742,341],{"class":85},[49,38744,2896],{"class":458},[49,38746,341],{"class":85},[49,38748,2354],{"class":458},[49,38750,341],{"class":85},[49,38752,808],{"class":458},[49,38754,341],{"class":85},[49,38756,459],{"class":458},[49,38758,341],{"class":85},[49,38760,37548],{"class":458},[49,38762,1244],{"class":85},[49,38764,38765,38768,38770,38772,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,38766,38767],{"class":55},"evens ",[49,38769,60],{"class":59},[49,38771,37559],{"class":109},[49,38773,92],{"class":85},[49,38775,37564],{"class":1968},[49,38777,37568],{"class":37567},[49,38779,1197],{"class":85},[49,38781,3785],{"class":88},[49,38783,6310],{"class":59},[49,38785,2896],{"class":458},[49,38787,6315],{"class":59},[49,38789,770],{"class":458},[49,38791,341],{"class":85},[49,38793,4169],{"class":88},[49,38795,103],{"class":85},[49,38797,38798],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,38799,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,38801,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38813],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,38803,110],{"class":109},[49,38805,92],{"class":85},[49,38807,8002],{"class":2804},[49,38809,92],{"class":85},[49,38811,38812],{"class":88},"evens",[49,38814,1581],{"class":85},[20,38816,1974],{},[40,38818,38819],{"className":42,"code":38493,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38820,38821],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38822,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38824,1256],{"class":85},[49,38826,312],{"class":458},[49,38828,341],{"class":85},[49,38830,808],{"class":458},[49,38832,341],{"class":85},[49,38834,37548],{"class":458},[49,38836,1244],{"class":85},[20,38838,38839,38840,38842],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38841,5865],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[40,38844,38846],{"className":42,"code":38845,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38847,38848,38880,38888,38892,38904,38920,38935,38939],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38849,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874,38876,38878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38851,3525],{"class":55},[49,38853,60],{"class":59},[49,38855,3530],{"class":85},[49,38857,1223],{"class":458},[49,38859,341],{"class":85},[49,38861,2896],{"class":458},[49,38863,341],{"class":85},[49,38865,2354],{"class":458},[49,38867,341],{"class":85},[49,38869,808],{"class":458},[49,38871,341],{"class":85},[49,38873,459],{"class":458},[49,38875,341],{"class":85},[49,38877,37548],{"class":458},[49,38879,1244],{"class":85},[49,38881,38882,38884,38886],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,38883,38767],{"class":55},[49,38885,60],{"class":59},[49,38887,7747],{"class":85},[49,38889,38890],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,38891,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,38893,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,38895,5865],{"class":1210},[49,38897,6294],{"class":55},[49,38899,3788],{"class":1210},[49,38901,4169],{"class":55},[49,38903,1226],{"class":85},[49,38905,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,38907,6305],{"class":1210},[49,38909,6294],{"class":55},[49,38911,6310],{"class":59},[49,38913,2896],{"class":458},[49,38915,6315],{"class":59},[49,38917,770],{"class":458},[49,38919,1226],{"class":85},[49,38921,38922,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,38923,38924],{"class":55},"        evens",[49,38926,32],{"class":85},[49,38928,13462],{"class":88},[49,38930,92],{"class":85},[49,38932,2141],{"class":88},[49,38934,103],{"class":85},[49,38936,38937],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,38938,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,38940,38941,38943,38945,38947],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,38942,110],{"class":109},[49,38944,92],{"class":85},[49,38946,38812],{"class":88},[49,38948,103],{"class":85},[20,38950,1974],{},[40,38952,38953],{"className":42,"code":38493,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,38954,38955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38956,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965,38967,38969],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38958,1256],{"class":85},[49,38960,312],{"class":458},[49,38962,341],{"class":85},[49,38964,808],{"class":458},[49,38966,341],{"class":85},[49,38968,37548],{"class":458},[49,38970,1244],{"class":85},[20,38972,38973],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[40,38975,38977],{"className":42,"code":38976,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38978,38979,39011,39044,39048],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,38980,38981,38983,38985,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,38982,3525],{"class":55},[49,38984,60],{"class":59},[49,38986,3530],{"class":85},[49,38988,1223],{"class":458},[49,38990,341],{"class":85},[49,38992,2896],{"class":458},[49,38994,341],{"class":85},[49,38996,2354],{"class":458},[49,38998,341],{"class":85},[49,39000,808],{"class":458},[49,39002,341],{"class":85},[49,39004,459],{"class":458},[49,39006,341],{"class":85},[49,39008,37548],{"class":458},[49,39010,1244],{"class":85},[49,39012,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39014,38767],{"class":55},[49,39016,60],{"class":59},[49,39018,3530],{"class":85},[49,39020,2119],{"class":55},[49,39022,5865],{"class":1210},[49,39024,6294],{"class":55},[49,39026,3788],{"class":1210},[49,39028,39029],{"class":55}," numbers ",[49,39031,1211],{"class":1210},[49,39033,6294],{"class":55},[49,39035,6310],{"class":59},[49,39037,2896],{"class":458},[49,39039,6315],{"class":59},[49,39041,770],{"class":458},[49,39043,1244],{"class":85},[49,39045,39046],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,39047,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,39049,39050,39052,39054,39056],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,39051,110],{"class":109},[49,39053,92],{"class":85},[49,39055,38812],{"class":88},[49,39057,103],{"class":85},[20,39059,1974],{},[40,39061,39062],{"className":42,"code":38493,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,39063,39064],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39065,39066,39068,39070,39072,39074,39076,39078],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39067,1256],{"class":85},[49,39069,312],{"class":458},[49,39071,341],{"class":85},[49,39073,808],{"class":458},[49,39075,341],{"class":85},[49,39077,37548],{"class":458},[49,39079,1244],{"class":85},[20,39081,39082,39083,32],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[820,39084,39086],{"href":39085},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[181,39088,1308],{"id":1307},[20,39090,14643,39091,32],{},[15,39092,37480],{},[353,39094,1318,39096,39098],{"id":39095},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39097,37480],{}," to return a list",[20,39100,39101],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[40,39103,39105],{"className":42,"code":39104,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39106,39107,39149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39108,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39110,2131],{"class":55},[49,39112,60],{"class":59},[49,39114,37559],{"class":109},[49,39116,92],{"class":85},[49,39118,37564],{"class":1968},[49,39120,37568],{"class":37567},[49,39122,1197],{"class":85},[49,39124,3785],{"class":88},[49,39126,4158],{"class":59},[49,39128,2896],{"class":458},[49,39130,341],{"class":85},[49,39132,3530],{"class":85},[49,39134,1223],{"class":458},[49,39136,341],{"class":85},[49,39138,2896],{"class":458},[49,39140,341],{"class":85},[49,39142,2354],{"class":458},[49,39144,341],{"class":85},[49,39146,808],{"class":458},[49,39148,3794],{"class":85},[49,39150,39151,39153,39155,39157],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39152,110],{"class":109},[49,39154,92],{"class":85},[49,39156,2166],{"class":88},[49,39158,103],{"class":85},[20,39160,39161],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39163,39164],{},"Fix:",[40,39166,39168],{"className":42,"code":39167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39169,39170,39212],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39171,39172,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39173,2131],{"class":55},[49,39175,60],{"class":59},[49,39177,37559],{"class":109},[49,39179,92],{"class":85},[49,39181,37564],{"class":1968},[49,39183,37568],{"class":37567},[49,39185,1197],{"class":85},[49,39187,3785],{"class":88},[49,39189,4158],{"class":59},[49,39191,2896],{"class":458},[49,39193,341],{"class":85},[49,39195,3530],{"class":85},[49,39197,1223],{"class":458},[49,39199,341],{"class":85},[49,39201,2896],{"class":458},[49,39203,341],{"class":85},[49,39205,2354],{"class":458},[49,39207,341],{"class":85},[49,39209,808],{"class":458},[49,39211,3794],{"class":85},[49,39213,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39215,110],{"class":109},[49,39217,92],{"class":85},[49,39219,8002],{"class":2804},[49,39221,92],{"class":85},[49,39223,2166],{"class":88},[49,39225,1581],{"class":85},[353,39227,39229,39230,634,39232,39234],{"id":39228},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39231,633],{},[15,39233,637],{}," clearly",[20,39236,39237],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39239,39240],{},"Good example:",[40,39242,39244],{"className":42,"code":39243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39245,39246,39259],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39247,39248,39250,39253,39255,39257],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39249,34758],{"class":1968},[49,39251,39252],{"class":34761}," is_positive",[49,39254,92],{"class":85},[49,39256,2141],{"class":37567},[49,39258,1396],{"class":85},[49,39260,39261,39263,39265,39267],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39262,34769],{"class":1210},[49,39264,6294],{"class":55},[49,39266,4158],{"class":59},[49,39268,38415],{"class":458},[20,39270,39271],{},"Then use it with:",[40,39273,39275],{"className":42,"code":39274,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39276,39277,39309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39278,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39280,3525],{"class":55},[49,39282,60],{"class":59},[49,39284,3530],{"class":85},[49,39286,1926],{"class":59},[49,39288,312],{"class":458},[49,39290,341],{"class":85},[49,39292,1220],{"class":59},[49,39294,1223],{"class":458},[49,39296,341],{"class":85},[49,39298,770],{"class":458},[49,39300,341],{"class":85},[49,39302,1264],{"class":458},[49,39304,341],{"class":85},[49,39306,2896],{"class":458},[49,39308,1244],{"class":85},[49,39310,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39326,39328,39330],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39312,110],{"class":109},[49,39314,92],{"class":85},[49,39316,8002],{"class":2804},[49,39318,92],{"class":85},[49,39320,37506],{"class":109},[49,39322,92],{"class":85},[49,39324,39325],{"class":88},"is_positive",[49,39327,341],{"class":85},[49,39329,4169],{"class":88},[49,39331,2815],{"class":85},[20,39333,1974],{},[40,39335,39337],{"className":42,"code":39336,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39338,39339],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39340,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39342,1256],{"class":85},[49,39344,1223],{"class":458},[49,39346,341],{"class":85},[49,39348,2896],{"class":458},[49,39350,1244],{"class":85},[353,39352,39354],{"id":39353},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39356,39357],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[40,39359,39360],{"className":42,"code":38100,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,39361,39362,39404,39408,39422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39363,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39365,2131],{"class":55},[49,39367,60],{"class":59},[49,39369,37559],{"class":109},[49,39371,92],{"class":85},[49,39373,37564],{"class":1968},[49,39375,37568],{"class":37567},[49,39377,1197],{"class":85},[49,39379,3785],{"class":88},[49,39381,4158],{"class":59},[49,39383,2896],{"class":458},[49,39385,341],{"class":85},[49,39387,3530],{"class":85},[49,39389,1223],{"class":458},[49,39391,341],{"class":85},[49,39393,2896],{"class":458},[49,39395,341],{"class":85},[49,39397,2354],{"class":458},[49,39399,341],{"class":85},[49,39401,808],{"class":458},[49,39403,3794],{"class":85},[49,39405,39406],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39407,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,39409,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,39411,110],{"class":109},[49,39413,92],{"class":85},[49,39415,8002],{"class":2804},[49,39417,92],{"class":85},[49,39419,2166],{"class":88},[49,39421,1581],{"class":85},[49,39423,39424,39426,39428,39430,39432,39434],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,39425,110],{"class":109},[49,39427,92],{"class":85},[49,39429,8002],{"class":2804},[49,39431,92],{"class":85},[49,39433,2166],{"class":88},[49,39435,1581],{"class":85},[20,39437,1974],{},[40,39439,39440],{"className":42,"code":38181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,39441,39442,39454],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39443,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39445,1256],{"class":85},[49,39447,1965],{"class":458},[49,39449,341],{"class":85},[49,39451,808],{"class":458},[49,39453,1244],{"class":85},[49,39455,39456],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39457,38200],{"class":85},[20,39459,39460],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[40,39462,39464],{"className":42,"code":39463,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39465,39466,39512,39516,39526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39467,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482,39484,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502,39504,39506,39508,39510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39469,2131],{"class":55},[49,39471,60],{"class":59},[49,39473,22469],{"class":2804},[49,39475,92],{"class":85},[49,39477,37506],{"class":109},[49,39479,92],{"class":85},[49,39481,37564],{"class":1968},[49,39483,37568],{"class":37567},[49,39485,1197],{"class":85},[49,39487,3785],{"class":88},[49,39489,4158],{"class":59},[49,39491,2896],{"class":458},[49,39493,341],{"class":85},[49,39495,3530],{"class":85},[49,39497,1223],{"class":458},[49,39499,341],{"class":85},[49,39501,2896],{"class":458},[49,39503,341],{"class":85},[49,39505,2354],{"class":458},[49,39507,341],{"class":85},[49,39509,808],{"class":458},[49,39511,2903],{"class":85},[49,39513,39514],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39515,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,39517,39518,39520,39522,39524],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,39519,110],{"class":109},[49,39521,92],{"class":85},[49,39523,2166],{"class":88},[49,39525,103],{"class":85},[49,39527,39528,39530,39532,39534],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,39529,110],{"class":109},[49,39531,92],{"class":85},[49,39533,2166],{"class":88},[49,39535,103],{"class":85},[353,39537,39539],{"id":39538},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39541,39542],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39544,16555],{},[40,39546,39548],{"className":42,"code":39547,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39549,39550],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39551,39552],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39553,39547],{"class":121},[20,39555,39556,39557,6457],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39558,2233],{},[20,39560,16567],{},[40,39562,39564],{"className":42,"code":39563,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39565,39566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39567,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592,39594,39596,39598,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39569,110],{"class":109},[49,39571,92],{"class":85},[49,39573,8002],{"class":2804},[49,39575,92],{"class":85},[49,39577,37506],{"class":109},[49,39579,92],{"class":85},[49,39581,37564],{"class":1968},[49,39583,37568],{"class":37567},[49,39585,1197],{"class":85},[49,39587,3785],{"class":88},[49,39589,4158],{"class":59},[49,39591,2896],{"class":458},[49,39593,341],{"class":85},[49,39595,3530],{"class":85},[49,39597,1223],{"class":458},[49,39599,341],{"class":85},[49,39601,2896],{"class":458},[49,39603,341],{"class":85},[49,39605,2354],{"class":458},[49,39607,341],{"class":85},[49,39609,808],{"class":458},[49,39611,37169],{"class":85},[353,39613,1339,39615,1342,39617],{"id":39614},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39616,37480],{},[15,39618,39619],{},"map()",[194,39621,39622,39627],{},[197,39623,39624,39626],{},[15,39625,37480],{}," keeps or removes items",[197,39628,39629,39631],{},[15,39630,39619],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39633,39634,39635,1197],{},"Example of ",[15,39636,37480],{},[40,39638,39640],{"className":42,"code":39639,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39641,39642,39666],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39643,39644,39646,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39658,39660,39662,39664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39645,3525],{"class":55},[49,39647,60],{"class":59},[49,39649,3530],{"class":85},[49,39651,1223],{"class":458},[49,39653,341],{"class":85},[49,39655,2896],{"class":458},[49,39657,341],{"class":85},[49,39659,2354],{"class":458},[49,39661,341],{"class":85},[49,39663,808],{"class":458},[49,39665,1244],{"class":85},[49,39667,39668,39670,39672,39674,39676,39678,39680,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694,39696],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39669,110],{"class":109},[49,39671,92],{"class":85},[49,39673,8002],{"class":2804},[49,39675,92],{"class":85},[49,39677,37506],{"class":109},[49,39679,92],{"class":85},[49,39681,37564],{"class":1968},[49,39683,37568],{"class":37567},[49,39685,1197],{"class":85},[49,39687,3785],{"class":88},[49,39689,4158],{"class":59},[49,39691,2896],{"class":458},[49,39693,341],{"class":85},[49,39695,4169],{"class":88},[49,39697,2815],{"class":85},[20,39699,1974],{},[40,39701,39703],{"className":42,"code":39702,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39704,39705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39706,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39708,1256],{"class":85},[49,39710,1965],{"class":458},[49,39712,341],{"class":85},[49,39714,808],{"class":458},[49,39716,1244],{"class":85},[20,39718,39634,39719,1197],{},[15,39720,39619],{},[40,39722,39724],{"className":42,"code":39723,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39725,39726,39750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39727,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39729,3525],{"class":55},[49,39731,60],{"class":59},[49,39733,3530],{"class":85},[49,39735,1223],{"class":458},[49,39737,341],{"class":85},[49,39739,2896],{"class":458},[49,39741,341],{"class":85},[49,39743,2354],{"class":458},[49,39745,341],{"class":85},[49,39747,808],{"class":458},[49,39749,1244],{"class":85},[49,39751,39752,39754,39756,39758,39760,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771,39773,39776,39778,39780,39782],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,39753,110],{"class":109},[49,39755,92],{"class":85},[49,39757,8002],{"class":2804},[49,39759,92],{"class":85},[49,39761,39762],{"class":109},"map",[49,39764,92],{"class":85},[49,39766,37564],{"class":1968},[49,39768,37568],{"class":37567},[49,39770,1197],{"class":85},[49,39772,3785],{"class":88},[49,39774,39775],{"class":59},"*",[49,39777,2896],{"class":458},[49,39779,341],{"class":85},[49,39781,4169],{"class":88},[49,39783,2815],{"class":85},[20,39785,1974],{},[40,39787,39789],{"className":42,"code":39788,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39790,39791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,39792,39793,39795,39797,39799,39801,39803,39805,39807,39809],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,39794,1256],{"class":85},[49,39796,312],{"class":458},[49,39798,341],{"class":85},[49,39800,808],{"class":458},[49,39802,341],{"class":85},[49,39804,37548],{"class":458},[49,39806,341],{"class":85},[49,39808,6267],{"class":458},[49,39810,1244],{"class":85},[20,39812,39813,39814,32],{},"For the related function, see ",[820,39815,3482,39817,3415],{"href":39816},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39818,39619],{},[181,39820,1704],{"id":1703},[353,39822,1720,39824,39826],{"id":39823},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39825,37480],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39828,39829,39830,39832],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39831,24691],{}," if needed.",[353,39834,39836,39837,39839],{"id":39835},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39838,37480],{}," need to return?",[20,39841,37787,39842,39844,39845,39847],{},[15,39843,633],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39846,637],{}," to remove it.",[353,39849,1760,39851,39853],{"id":39850},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39852,37480],{}," without lambda?",[20,39855,39856],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[353,39858,5050,39860,39863],{"id":39859},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39861,39862],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39865,39866,39867,39869,39870,1455,39872,32],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39868,516],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39871,3684],{},[15,39873,637],{},[353,39875,21330,39877,39879],{"id":39876},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39878,37480],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39881,39882,39883,39885],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39884,5865],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39887,39888],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[194,39890,39891,39897,39903],{},[197,39892,39893,39894,39896],{},"use ",[15,39895,37480],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[197,39898,39899,39900,39902],{},"use a ",[15,39901,5865],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[197,39904,39905],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39907,39908,39909,32],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[820,39910,5040],{"href":39911},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[181,39913,1775],{"id":1774},[194,39915,39916,39921,39925,39930,39936],{},[197,39917,39918],{},[820,39919,39920],{"href":38356},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[197,39922,39923],{},[820,39924,5128],{"href":39911},[197,39926,39927],{},[820,39928,39929],{"href":39085},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[197,39931,39932],{},[820,39933,3482,39934,3415],{"href":39816},[15,39935,39619],{},[197,39937,39938],{},[820,39939,5123],{"href":5493},[1834,39941,39942],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":39944},[39945,39946,39948,39952,39955,39957,39959,39961,39963,39973,39985],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":37614,"depth":74,"text":39947},"What filter() does",{"id":37748,"depth":74,"text":37749,"children":39949},[39950,39951],{"id":37765,"depth":106,"text":37765},{"id":3626,"depth":106,"text":3626},{"id":501,"depth":74,"text":502,"children":39953},[39954],{"id":38093,"depth":106,"text":38094},{"id":38206,"depth":74,"text":39956},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38360,"depth":74,"text":39958},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38522,"depth":74,"text":39960},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38702,"depth":74,"text":39962},"When to use filter()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":39964},[39965,39967,39969,39970,39971],{"id":39095,"depth":106,"text":39966},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39228,"depth":106,"text":39968},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39353,"depth":106,"text":39354},{"id":39538,"depth":106,"text":39539},{"id":39614,"depth":106,"text":39972},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":39974},[39975,39977,39979,39981,39983],{"id":39823,"depth":106,"text":39976},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39835,"depth":106,"text":39978},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39850,"depth":106,"text":39980},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39859,"depth":106,"text":39982},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39876,"depth":106,"text":39984},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37472,"description":39986},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39993,"title":39994,"body":39995,"description":42144,"extension":1866,"meta":42145,"navigation":128,"path":42146,"seo":42147,"stem":42148,"__hash__":42149},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39996,"toc":42098},[39997,40000,40005,40011,40013,40065,40067,40086,40091,40095,40100,40103,40118,40121,40143,40145,40194,40196,40220,40222,40224,40239,40244,40252,40267,40269,40278,40281,40316,40320,40325,40329,40336,40371,40373,40389,40393,40396,40437,40439,40453,40457,40460,40484,40486,40495,40499,40502,40535,40537,40550,40554,40560,40579,40581,40589,40593,40598,40602,40607,40630,40632,40661,40664,40683,40687,40690,40717,40719,40753,40757,40760,40784,40788,40799,40801,40806,40812,40814,40898,40900,40942,40945,40947,40954,40963,41019,41026,41035,41040,41044,41115,41117,41126,41130,41133,41177,41179,41188,41192,41198,41248,41252,41257,41261,41285,41287,41296,41300,41324,41326,41337,41341,41365,41367,41376,41379,41396,41402,41406,41412,41415,41420,41423,41444,41446,41478,41481,41486,41488,41499,41501,41545,41549,41556,41608,41610,41619,41623,41626,41718,41721,41745,41749,41752,41844,41849,41853,41860,41865,41889,41891,41900,41905,41928,41930,41938,41945,41968,41976,41978,41991,42001,42003,42007,42014,42018,42027,42031,42038,42042,42046,42050,42063,42065,42095],[10,39998,39994],{"id":39999},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40001,9028,40002,40004],{},[15,40003,2786],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40006,40007,40008,40010],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40009,2786],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[181,40012,1907],{"id":1906},[40,40014,40016],{"className":42,"code":40015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40017,40018,40032,40051],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40019,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028,40030],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40021,110],{"class":109},[49,40023,92],{"class":85},[49,40025,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40027,92],{"class":85},[49,40029,2040],{"class":458},[49,40031,1581],{"class":85},[49,40033,40034,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044,40047,40049],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40035,110],{"class":109},[49,40037,92],{"class":85},[49,40039,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40041,92],{"class":85},[49,40043,95],{"class":63},[49,40045,40046],{"class":67},"3.14",[49,40048,95],{"class":63},[49,40050,1581],{"class":85},[49,40052,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061,40063],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,40054,110],{"class":109},[49,40056,92],{"class":85},[49,40058,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40060,92],{"class":85},[49,40062,633],{"class":3757},[49,40064,1581],{"class":85},[20,40066,1974],{},[40,40068,40070],{"className":42,"code":40069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40071,40072,40076,40081],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40073,40074],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40075,2381],{"class":458},[49,40077,40078],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40079,40080],{"class":458},"3.14\n",[49,40082,40083],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,40084,40085],{"class":458},"1.0\n",[20,40087,35,40088,40090],{},[15,40089,2786],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[181,40092,40094],{"id":40093},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40096,40097,40099],{},[15,40098,2786],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40101,40102],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[194,40104,40105,40109,40113],{},[197,40106,40107],{},[15,40108,2393],{},[197,40110,40111],{},[15,40112,40046],{},[197,40114,40115],{},[15,40116,40117],{},"0.5",[20,40119,40120],{},"A few key points:",[194,40122,40123,40130,40133,40136],{},[197,40124,40125,40127,40128],{},[15,40126,2786],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40129,2094],{},[197,40131,40132],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[197,40134,40135],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[197,40137,40138,40139],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[820,40140,40141],{"href":8128},[15,40142,2861],{},[20,40144,214],{},[40,40146,40148],{"className":42,"code":40147,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40149,40150,40170,40180],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40151,40152,40154,40156,40159,40161,40163,40166,40168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40153,2119],{"class":55},[49,40155,60],{"class":59},[49,40157,40158],{"class":2804}," float",[49,40160,92],{"class":85},[49,40162,95],{"class":63},[49,40164,40165],{"class":67},"2.75",[49,40167,95],{"class":63},[49,40169,103],{"class":85},[49,40171,40172,40174,40176,40178],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40173,110],{"class":109},[49,40175,92],{"class":85},[49,40177,2141],{"class":88},[49,40179,103],{"class":85},[49,40181,40182,40184,40186,40188,40190,40192],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,40183,110],{"class":109},[49,40185,92],{"class":85},[49,40187,3127],{"class":2804},[49,40189,92],{"class":85},[49,40191,2141],{"class":88},[49,40193,1581],{"class":85},[20,40195,1974],{},[40,40197,40199],{"className":42,"code":40198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40200,40201,40206],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40202,40203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40204,40205],{"class":458},"2.75\n",[49,40207,40208,40210,40212,40214,40216,40218],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40209,3196],{"class":59},[49,40211,3199],{"class":1968},[49,40213,3202],{"class":63},[49,40215,2094],{"class":67},[49,40217,1573],{"class":63},[49,40219,3209],{"class":59},[181,40221,316],{"id":315},[20,40223,7124],{},[40,40225,40227],{"className":42,"code":40226,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"float(value)\n",[15,40228,40229],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40230,40231,40233,40235,40237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40232,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40234,92],{"class":85},[49,40236,338],{"class":88},[49,40238,103],{"class":85},[20,40240,40241,40242,32],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40243,2786],{},[20,40245,40246,40247,40249,40250,1197],{},"If you call ",[15,40248,2786],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40251,3674],{},[40,40253,40255],{"className":42,"code":40254,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float())\n",[15,40256,40257],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40258,40259,40261,40263,40265],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40260,110],{"class":109},[49,40262,92],{"class":85},[49,40264,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40266,7100],{"class":85},[20,40268,1974],{},[40,40270,40272],{"className":42,"code":40271,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0.0\n",[15,40273,40274],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40275,40276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40277,40271],{"class":458},[20,40279,40280],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[40,40282,40284],{"className":42,"code":40283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40285,40286,40306],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40287,40288,40291,40293,40295,40297,40299,40302,40304],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40289,40290],{"class":55},"price ",[49,40292,60],{"class":59},[49,40294,40158],{"class":2804},[49,40296,92],{"class":85},[49,40298,95],{"class":63},[49,40300,40301],{"class":67},"19.99",[49,40303,95],{"class":63},[49,40305,103],{"class":85},[49,40307,40308,40310,40312,40314],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40309,110],{"class":109},[49,40311,92],{"class":85},[49,40313,25060],{"class":88},[49,40315,103],{"class":85},[181,40317,40319],{"id":40318},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40321,40322,40324],{},[15,40323,2786],{}," can convert several common value types.",[353,40326,40328],{"id":40327},"integers","Integers",[20,40330,40331,40332,40335],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40333,40334],{},".0"," added:",[40,40337,40339],{"className":42,"code":40338,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40340,40341,40355],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40342,40343,40345,40347,40349,40351,40353],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40344,110],{"class":109},[49,40346,92],{"class":85},[49,40348,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40350,92],{"class":85},[49,40352,2040],{"class":458},[49,40354,1581],{"class":85},[49,40356,40357,40359,40361,40363,40365,40367,40369],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40358,110],{"class":109},[49,40360,92],{"class":85},[49,40362,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40364,92],{"class":85},[49,40366,1926],{"class":59},[49,40368,312],{"class":458},[49,40370,1581],{"class":85},[20,40372,1974],{},[40,40374,40376],{"className":42,"code":40375,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40377,40378,40382],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40379,40380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40381,2381],{"class":458},[49,40383,40384,40386],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40385,1926],{"class":59},[49,40387,40388],{"class":458},"2.0\n",[353,40390,40392],{"id":40391},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40394,40395],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[40,40397,40399],{"className":42,"code":40398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40400,40401,40419],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40402,40403,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415,40417],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40404,110],{"class":109},[49,40406,92],{"class":85},[49,40408,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40410,92],{"class":85},[49,40412,95],{"class":63},[49,40414,40046],{"class":67},[49,40416,95],{"class":63},[49,40418,1581],{"class":85},[49,40420,40421,40423,40425,40427,40429,40431,40433,40435],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40422,110],{"class":109},[49,40424,92],{"class":85},[49,40426,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40428,92],{"class":85},[49,40430,95],{"class":63},[49,40432,2233],{"class":67},[49,40434,95],{"class":63},[49,40436,1581],{"class":85},[20,40438,1974],{},[40,40440,40442],{"className":42,"code":40441,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40443,40444,40448],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40445,40446],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40447,40080],{"class":458},[49,40449,40450],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40451,40452],{"class":458},"10.0\n",[353,40454,40456],{"id":40455},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40458,40459],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[40,40461,40463],{"className":42,"code":40462,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40464,40465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40466,40467,40469,40471,40473,40475,40477,40480,40482],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40468,110],{"class":109},[49,40470,92],{"class":85},[49,40472,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40474,92],{"class":85},[49,40476,95],{"class":63},[49,40478,40479],{"class":67},"  8.5  ",[49,40481,95],{"class":63},[49,40483,1581],{"class":85},[20,40485,1974],{},[40,40487,40489],{"className":42,"code":40488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8.5\n",[15,40490,40491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40492,40493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40494,40488],{"class":458},[353,40496,40498],{"id":40497},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40500,40501],{},"Boolean values also work:",[40,40503,40505],{"className":42,"code":40504,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40506,40507,40521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40508,40509,40511,40513,40515,40517,40519],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40510,110],{"class":109},[49,40512,92],{"class":85},[49,40514,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40516,92],{"class":85},[49,40518,633],{"class":3757},[49,40520,1581],{"class":85},[49,40522,40523,40525,40527,40529,40531,40533],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40524,110],{"class":109},[49,40526,92],{"class":85},[49,40528,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40530,92],{"class":85},[49,40532,637],{"class":3757},[49,40534,1581],{"class":85},[20,40536,1974],{},[40,40538,40540],{"className":42,"code":40539,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40541,40542,40546],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40543,40544],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40545,40085],{"class":458},[49,40547,40548],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40549,40271],{"class":458},[353,40551,40553],{"id":40552},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40555,40556,40557,40559],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40558,2786],{}," returns a float version of it:",[40,40561,40563],{"className":42,"code":40562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40564,40565],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40566,40567,40569,40571,40573,40575,40577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40568,110],{"class":109},[49,40570,92],{"class":85},[49,40572,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40574,92],{"class":85},[49,40576,2265],{"class":458},[49,40578,1581],{"class":85},[20,40580,1974],{},[40,40582,40583],{"className":42,"code":2289,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,40584,40585],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40586,40587],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40588,2289],{"class":458},[181,40590,40592],{"id":40591},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40594,40595,40596,32],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40597,2786],{},[353,40599,40601],{"id":40600},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40603,40604,40605,1197],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40606,1010],{},[40,40608,40610],{"className":42,"code":40609,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40611,40612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40613,40614,40616,40618,40620,40622,40624,40626,40628],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40615,110],{"class":109},[49,40617,92],{"class":85},[49,40619,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40621,92],{"class":85},[49,40623,95],{"class":63},[49,40625,917],{"class":67},[49,40627,95],{"class":63},[49,40629,1581],{"class":85},[20,40631,29586],{},[40,40633,40635],{"className":42,"code":40634,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40636,40637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40638,40639,40641,40643,40646,40648,40651,40653,40655,40657,40659],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40640,1010],{"class":2804},[49,40642,1197],{"class":85},[49,40644,40645],{"class":55}," could ",[49,40647,4536],{"class":59},[49,40649,40650],{"class":55}," convert string to ",[49,40652,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40654,1197],{"class":85},[49,40656,3202],{"class":63},[49,40658,917],{"class":67},[49,40660,29605],{"class":63},[20,40662,40663],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[40,40665,40667],{"className":42,"code":40666,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40668,40669],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40670,40671,40673,40675,40677,40679,40681],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40672,110],{"class":109},[49,40674,92],{"class":85},[49,40676,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40678,92],{"class":85},[49,40680,6179],{"class":63},[49,40682,1581],{"class":85},[353,40684,40686],{"id":40685},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40688,40689],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[40,40691,40693],{"className":42,"code":40692,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40694,40695],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40696,40697,40699,40701,40703,40705,40707,40709,40711,40713,40715],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40698,110],{"class":109},[49,40700,92],{"class":85},[49,40702,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40704,2889],{"class":85},[49,40706,1223],{"class":458},[49,40708,341],{"class":85},[49,40710,2896],{"class":458},[49,40712,341],{"class":85},[49,40714,2354],{"class":458},[49,40716,2903],{"class":85},[20,40718,29586],{},[40,40720,40722],{"className":42,"code":40721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40723,40724],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40725,40726,40728,40730,40732,40734,40737,40740,40743,40745,40747,40749,40751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40727,2909],{"class":2804},[49,40729,1197],{"class":85},[49,40731,40158],{"class":2804},[49,40733,7272],{"class":85},[49,40735,40736],{"class":55}," argument must be a string ",[49,40738,40739],{"class":59},"or",[49,40741,40742],{"class":55}," a real number",[49,40744,341],{"class":85},[49,40746,8008],{"class":59},[49,40748,3202],{"class":63},[49,40750,8002],{"class":67},[49,40752,29605],{"class":63},[353,40754,40756],{"id":40755},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40758,40759],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[40,40761,40763],{"className":42,"code":40762,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40764,40765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40766,40767,40769,40771,40773,40775,40777,40780,40782],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40768,110],{"class":109},[49,40770,92],{"class":85},[49,40772,2094],{"class":2804},[49,40774,92],{"class":85},[49,40776,95],{"class":63},[49,40778,40779],{"class":67},"3,14",[49,40781,95],{"class":63},[49,40783,1581],{"class":85},[20,40785,2906,40786,32],{},[15,40787,1010],{},[20,40789,40790,40791,380,40795,32],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[820,40792,40794],{"href":40793},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[820,40796,40798],{"href":40797},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[181,40800,17328],{"id":17327},[20,40802,40803,40805],{},[15,40804,2786],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40807,40808,40809,40811],{},"It does ",[666,40810,4536],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40813,214],{},[40,40815,40817],{"className":42,"code":40816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40818,40819,40832,40846,40850,40860,40870,40884],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40820,40821,40823,40825,40827,40830],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40822,56],{"class":55},[49,40824,60],{"class":59},[49,40826,64],{"class":63},[49,40828,40829],{"class":67},"6.5",[49,40831,71],{"class":63},[49,40833,40834,40836,40838,40840,40842,40844],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40835,2119],{"class":55},[49,40837,60],{"class":59},[49,40839,40158],{"class":2804},[49,40841,92],{"class":85},[49,40843,245],{"class":88},[49,40845,103],{"class":85},[49,40847,40848],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,40849,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,40851,40852,40854,40856,40858],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,40853,110],{"class":109},[49,40855,92],{"class":85},[49,40857,245],{"class":88},[49,40859,103],{"class":85},[49,40861,40862,40864,40866,40868],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,40863,110],{"class":109},[49,40865,92],{"class":85},[49,40867,2141],{"class":88},[49,40869,103],{"class":85},[49,40871,40872,40874,40876,40878,40880,40882],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,40873,110],{"class":109},[49,40875,92],{"class":85},[49,40877,3127],{"class":2804},[49,40879,92],{"class":85},[49,40881,245],{"class":88},[49,40883,1581],{"class":85},[49,40885,40886,40888,40890,40892,40894,40896],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,40887,110],{"class":109},[49,40889,92],{"class":85},[49,40891,3127],{"class":2804},[49,40893,92],{"class":85},[49,40895,2141],{"class":88},[49,40897,1581],{"class":85},[20,40899,1974],{},[40,40901,40903],{"className":42,"code":40902,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40904,40905,40910,40914,40928],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40906,40907],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40908,40909],{"class":458},"6.5\n",[49,40911,40912],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40913,40909],{"class":458},[49,40915,40916,40918,40920,40922,40924,40926],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,40917,3196],{"class":59},[49,40919,3199],{"class":1968},[49,40921,3202],{"class":63},[49,40923,3349],{"class":67},[49,40925,1573],{"class":63},[49,40927,3209],{"class":59},[49,40929,40930,40932,40934,40936,40938,40940],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,40931,3196],{"class":59},[49,40933,3199],{"class":1968},[49,40935,3202],{"class":63},[49,40937,2094],{"class":67},[49,40939,1573],{"class":63},[49,40941,3209],{"class":59},[20,40943,40944],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[181,40946,1136],{"id":1135},[353,40948,40950,40951,40953],{"id":40949},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40952,2861],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40955,661,40956,40960,40961,32],{},[820,40957,40958,2205],{"href":8128},[15,40959,2861],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40962,2786],{},[40,40964,40966],{"className":42,"code":40965,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40967,40968,40987,41001,41005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,40969,40970,40972,40974,40976,40978,40980,40983,40985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,40971,8146],{"class":55},[49,40973,60],{"class":59},[49,40975,8151],{"class":109},[49,40977,92],{"class":85},[49,40979,95],{"class":63},[49,40981,40982],{"class":67},"Enter a price: ",[49,40984,95],{"class":63},[49,40986,103],{"class":85},[49,40988,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997,40999],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,40990,40290],{"class":55},[49,40992,60],{"class":59},[49,40994,40158],{"class":2804},[49,40996,92],{"class":85},[49,40998,8175],{"class":88},[49,41000,103],{"class":85},[49,41002,41003],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,41004,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,41006,41007,41009,41011,41013,41015,41017],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,41008,110],{"class":109},[49,41010,92],{"class":85},[49,41012,40290],{"class":88},[49,41014,39775],{"class":59},[49,41016,2896],{"class":458},[49,41018,103],{"class":85},[20,41020,41021,41022,41025],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41023,41024],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[40,41027,41029],{"className":42,"code":41028,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"9.0\n",[15,41030,41031],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41032,41033],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41034,41028],{"class":458},[20,41036,41037,41038,32],{},"For more help with this, see ",[820,41039,8886],{"href":8885},[353,41041,41043],{"id":41042},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[40,41045,41047],{"className":42,"code":41046,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41048,41049,41062,41075,41079,41104],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41050,41051,41053,41055,41057,41060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41052,2457],{"class":55},[49,41054,60],{"class":59},[49,41056,64],{"class":63},[49,41058,41059],{"class":67},"2.5",[49,41061,71],{"class":63},[49,41063,41064,41066,41068,41070,41073],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,41065,2485],{"class":55},[49,41067,60],{"class":59},[49,41069,64],{"class":63},[49,41071,41072],{"class":67},"1.5",[49,41074,71],{"class":63},[49,41076,41077],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,41078,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,41080,41081,41084,41086,41088,41090,41092,41094,41096,41098,41100,41102],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,41082,41083],{"class":55},"total ",[49,41085,60],{"class":59},[49,41087,40158],{"class":2804},[49,41089,92],{"class":85},[49,41091,820],{"class":88},[49,41093,118],{"class":85},[49,41095,2357],{"class":59},[49,41097,40158],{"class":2804},[49,41099,92],{"class":85},[49,41101,4667],{"class":88},[49,41103,103],{"class":85},[49,41105,41106,41108,41110,41113],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,41107,110],{"class":109},[49,41109,92],{"class":85},[49,41111,41112],{"class":88},"total",[49,41114,103],{"class":85},[20,41116,1974],{},[40,41118,41120],{"className":42,"code":41119,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4.0\n",[15,41121,41122],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41123,41124],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41125,41119],{"class":458},[353,41127,41129],{"id":41128},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41131,41132],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[40,41134,41136],{"className":42,"code":41135,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41137,41138,41148,41163,41167],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41139,41140,41143,41145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41141,41142],{"class":55},"count ",[49,41144,60],{"class":59},[49,41146,41147],{"class":458}," 7\n",[49,41149,41150,41152,41154,41156,41158,41161],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,41151,2131],{"class":55},[49,41153,60],{"class":59},[49,41155,40158],{"class":2804},[49,41157,92],{"class":85},[49,41159,41160],{"class":88},"count",[49,41162,103],{"class":85},[49,41164,41165],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,41166,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,41168,41169,41171,41173,41175],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,41170,110],{"class":109},[49,41172,92],{"class":85},[49,41174,2166],{"class":88},[49,41176,103],{"class":85},[20,41178,1974],{},[40,41180,41182],{"className":42,"code":41181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7.0\n",[15,41183,41184],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41185,41186],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41187,41181],{"class":458},[353,41189,41191],{"id":41190},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41193,41194,41195,41197],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41196,2786],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[40,41199,41201],{"className":42,"code":41200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41202,41203,41217,41233,41237],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41204,41205,41208,41210,41212,41215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41206,41207],{"class":55},"temperature_text ",[49,41209,60],{"class":59},[49,41211,64],{"class":63},[49,41213,41214],{"class":67},"21.8",[49,41216,71],{"class":63},[49,41218,41219,41222,41224,41226,41228,41231],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,41220,41221],{"class":55},"temperature ",[49,41223,60],{"class":59},[49,41225,40158],{"class":2804},[49,41227,92],{"class":85},[49,41229,41230],{"class":88},"temperature_text",[49,41232,103],{"class":85},[49,41234,41235],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,41236,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,41238,41239,41241,41243,41246],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,41240,110],{"class":109},[49,41242,92],{"class":85},[49,41244,41245],{"class":88},"temperature",[49,41247,103],{"class":85},[181,41249,41251],{"id":41250},"special-values","Special values",[20,41253,41254,41256],{},[15,41255,2786],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[353,41258,41260],{"id":41259},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[40,41262,41264],{"className":42,"code":41263,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41265,41266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41267,41268,41270,41272,41274,41276,41278,41281,41283],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41269,110],{"class":109},[49,41271,92],{"class":85},[49,41273,2094],{"class":2804},[49,41275,92],{"class":85},[49,41277,95],{"class":63},[49,41279,41280],{"class":67},"inf",[49,41282,95],{"class":63},[49,41284,1581],{"class":85},[20,41286,1974],{},[40,41288,41290],{"className":42,"code":41289,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"inf\n",[15,41291,41292],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41293,41294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41295,41289],{"class":55},[353,41297,41299],{"id":41298},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[40,41301,41303],{"className":42,"code":41302,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41304,41305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41306,41307,41309,41311,41313,41315,41317,41320,41322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41308,110],{"class":109},[49,41310,92],{"class":85},[49,41312,2094],{"class":2804},[49,41314,92],{"class":85},[49,41316,95],{"class":63},[49,41318,41319],{"class":67},"-inf",[49,41321,95],{"class":63},[49,41323,1581],{"class":85},[20,41325,1974],{},[40,41327,41329],{"className":42,"code":41328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"-inf\n",[15,41330,41331],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41332,41333,41335],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41334,1926],{"class":59},[49,41336,41289],{"class":55},[353,41338,41340],{"id":41339},"not-a-number","Not a number",[40,41342,41344],{"className":42,"code":41343,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41345,41346],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41347,41348,41350,41352,41354,41356,41358,41361,41363],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41349,110],{"class":109},[49,41351,92],{"class":85},[49,41353,2094],{"class":2804},[49,41355,92],{"class":85},[49,41357,95],{"class":63},[49,41359,41360],{"class":67},"nan",[49,41362,95],{"class":63},[49,41364,1581],{"class":85},[20,41366,1974],{},[40,41368,41370],{"className":42,"code":41369,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nan\n",[15,41371,41372],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41373,41374],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41375,41369],{"class":55},[20,41377,41378],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[194,41380,41381,41386,41391],{},[197,41382,41383,41385],{},[15,41384,41280],{}," means positive infinity",[197,41387,41388,41390],{},[15,41389,41319],{}," means negative infinity",[197,41392,41393,41395],{},[15,41394,41360],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41397,41398,41399,41401],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41400,2786],{}," accepts them.",[181,41403,41405],{"id":41404},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41407,41408,41409,41411],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41410,2786],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[353,41413,1010],{"id":41414},"valueerror",[20,41416,15099,41417,41419],{},[15,41418,1010],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41421,41422],{},"Common causes:",[194,41424,41425,41431,41434,41437],{},[197,41426,41427,41428],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41429,41430],{},"\"abc\"",[197,41432,41433],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[197,41435,41436],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[197,41438,4610,41439],{},[820,41440,41441,41443],{"href":8128},[15,41442,2861],{}," returns a string",[20,41445,214],{},[40,41447,41449],{"className":42,"code":41448,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41450,41451,41464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41452,41453,41455,41457,41459,41462],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41454,2349],{"class":55},[49,41456,60],{"class":59},[49,41458,64],{"class":63},[49,41460,41461],{"class":67},"abc",[49,41463,71],{"class":63},[49,41465,41466,41468,41470,41472,41474,41476],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,41467,110],{"class":109},[49,41469,92],{"class":85},[49,41471,2094],{"class":2804},[49,41473,92],{"class":85},[49,41475,338],{"class":88},[49,41477,1581],{"class":85},[353,41479,2909],{"id":41480},"typeerror",[20,41482,15099,41483,41485],{},[15,41484,2909],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41487,41422],{},[194,41489,41490,41493,41496],{},[197,41491,41492],{},"Passing a list",[197,41494,41495],{},"Passing a dictionary",[197,41497,41498],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41500,214],{},[40,41502,41504],{"className":42,"code":41503,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41505,41506,41531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41507,41508,41510,41512,41514,41516,41518,41520,41522,41524,41527,41529],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41509,2349],{"class":55},[49,41511,60],{"class":59},[49,41513,10398],{"class":85},[49,41515,95],{"class":63},[49,41517,25060],{"class":67},[49,41519,95],{"class":63},[49,41521,1197],{"class":85},[49,41523,64],{"class":63},[49,41525,41526],{"class":67},"9.99",[49,41528,95],{"class":63},[49,41530,9215],{"class":85},[49,41532,41533,41535,41537,41539,41541,41543],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,41534,110],{"class":109},[49,41536,92],{"class":85},[49,41538,2094],{"class":2804},[49,41540,92],{"class":85},[49,41542,338],{"class":88},[49,41544,1581],{"class":85},[353,41546,41548],{"id":41547},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41550,41551,41552,41555],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41553,41554],{},"strip()"," can help:",[40,41557,41559],{"className":42,"code":41558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41560,41561,41574,41589,41593],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41562,41563,41565,41567,41569,41572],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41564,2349],{"class":55},[49,41566,60],{"class":59},[49,41568,64],{"class":63},[49,41570,41571],{"class":67},"  7.25  ",[49,41573,71],{"class":63},[49,41575,41576,41579,41581,41583,41585,41587],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,41577,41578],{"class":55},"clean_value ",[49,41580,60],{"class":59},[49,41582,8341],{"class":55},[49,41584,32],{"class":85},[49,41586,8541],{"class":88},[49,41588,8548],{"class":85},[49,41590,41591],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,41592,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,41594,41595,41597,41599,41601,41603,41606],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,41596,110],{"class":109},[49,41598,92],{"class":85},[49,41600,2094],{"class":2804},[49,41602,92],{"class":85},[49,41604,41605],{"class":88},"clean_value",[49,41607,1581],{"class":85},[20,41609,1974],{},[40,41611,41613],{"className":42,"code":41612,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7.25\n",[15,41614,41615],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41616,41617],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41618,41612],{"class":458},[353,41620,41622],{"id":41621},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41624,41625],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[40,41627,41629],{"className":42,"code":41628,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41630,41631,41644,41648,41658,41672,41686,41690,41704],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41632,41633,41635,41637,41639,41642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41634,2349],{"class":55},[49,41636,60],{"class":59},[49,41638,64],{"class":63},[49,41640,41641],{"class":67}," 3.5 ",[49,41643,71],{"class":63},[49,41645,41646],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,41647,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,41649,41650,41652,41654,41656],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,41651,110],{"class":109},[49,41653,92],{"class":85},[49,41655,338],{"class":88},[49,41657,103],{"class":85},[49,41659,41660,41662,41664,41666,41668,41670],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,41661,110],{"class":109},[49,41663,92],{"class":85},[49,41665,3127],{"class":2804},[49,41667,92],{"class":85},[49,41669,338],{"class":88},[49,41671,1581],{"class":85},[49,41673,41674,41676,41678,41680,41682,41684],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,41675,110],{"class":109},[49,41677,92],{"class":85},[49,41679,1590],{"class":109},[49,41681,92],{"class":85},[49,41683,338],{"class":88},[49,41685,1581],{"class":85},[49,41687,41688],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,41689,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,41691,41692,41694,41696,41698,41700,41702],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,41693,41578],{"class":55},[49,41695,60],{"class":59},[49,41697,8341],{"class":55},[49,41699,32],{"class":85},[49,41701,8541],{"class":88},[49,41703,8548],{"class":85},[49,41705,41706,41708,41710,41712,41714,41716],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,41707,110],{"class":109},[49,41709,92],{"class":85},[49,41711,2094],{"class":2804},[49,41713,92],{"class":85},[49,41715,41605],{"class":88},[49,41717,1581],{"class":85},[20,41719,41720],{},"Why this helps:",[194,41722,41723,41729,41734,41740],{},[197,41724,41725,41728],{},[15,41726,41727],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[197,41730,41731,21277],{},[15,41732,41733],{},"print(type(value))",[197,41735,41736,41739],{},[15,41737,41738],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[197,41741,41742,41744],{},[15,41743,41554],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[353,41746,41748],{"id":41747},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41750,41751],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[40,41753,41755],{"className":42,"code":41754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41756,41757,41776,41780,41786,41801,41820,41829],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41758,41759,41761,41763,41765,41767,41769,41772,41774],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41760,2349],{"class":55},[49,41762,60],{"class":59},[49,41764,8151],{"class":109},[49,41766,92],{"class":85},[49,41768,95],{"class":63},[49,41770,41771],{"class":67},"Enter a number: ",[49,41773,95],{"class":63},[49,41775,103],{"class":85},[49,41777,41778],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,41779,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,41781,41782,41784],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,41783,29709],{"class":1210},[49,41785,1226],{"class":85},[49,41787,41788,41791,41793,41795,41797,41799],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,41789,41790],{"class":55},"    number ",[49,41792,60],{"class":59},[49,41794,40158],{"class":2804},[49,41796,92],{"class":85},[49,41798,338],{"class":88},[49,41800,103],{"class":85},[49,41802,41803,41805,41807,41809,41812,41814,41816,41818],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,41804,1273],{"class":109},[49,41806,92],{"class":85},[49,41808,95],{"class":63},[49,41810,41811],{"class":67},"Converted:",[49,41813,95],{"class":63},[49,41815,341],{"class":85},[49,41817,2099],{"class":88},[49,41819,103],{"class":85},[49,41821,41822,41824,41827],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,41823,29740],{"class":1210},[49,41825,41826],{"class":2804}," ValueError",[49,41828,1226],{"class":85},[49,41830,41831,41833,41835,41837,41840,41842],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,41832,1273],{"class":109},[49,41834,92],{"class":85},[49,41836,95],{"class":63},[49,41838,41839],{"class":67},"That is not a valid number.",[49,41841,95],{"class":63},[49,41843,103],{"class":85},[20,41845,41846,41847,32],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[820,41848,40798],{"href":40797},[181,41850,41852],{"id":41851},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41854,10497,41855,380,41857,41859],{},[15,41856,2786],{},[15,41858,2780],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41861,41862,41864],{},[15,41863,2786],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[40,41866,41868],{"className":42,"code":41867,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41869,41870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41871,41872,41874,41876,41878,41880,41882,41885,41887],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41873,110],{"class":109},[49,41875,92],{"class":85},[49,41877,2094],{"class":2804},[49,41879,92],{"class":85},[49,41881,95],{"class":63},[49,41883,41884],{"class":67},"3.9",[49,41886,95],{"class":63},[49,41888,1581],{"class":85},[20,41890,1974],{},[40,41892,41894],{"className":42,"code":41893,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.9\n",[15,41895,41896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41897,41898],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41899,41893],{"class":458},[20,41901,41902,41904],{},[15,41903,2780],{}," creates whole numbers:",[40,41906,41908],{"className":42,"code":41907,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41909,41910],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41911,41912,41914,41916,41918,41920,41922,41924,41926],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41913,110],{"class":109},[49,41915,92],{"class":85},[49,41917,2090],{"class":2804},[49,41919,92],{"class":85},[49,41921,95],{"class":63},[49,41923,2233],{"class":67},[49,41925,95],{"class":63},[49,41927,1581],{"class":85},[20,41929,1974],{},[40,41931,41932],{"className":42,"code":2279,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,41933,41934],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41935,41936],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41937,2279],{"class":458},[20,41939,41940,41941,41944],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41942,41943],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[40,41946,41948],{"className":42,"code":41947,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41949,41950],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,41951,41952,41954,41956,41958,41960,41962,41964,41966],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,41953,110],{"class":109},[49,41955,92],{"class":85},[49,41957,2090],{"class":2804},[49,41959,92],{"class":85},[49,41961,95],{"class":63},[49,41963,41884],{"class":67},[49,41965,95],{"class":63},[49,41967,1581],{"class":85},[20,41969,2906,41970,8508,41972,41975],{},[15,41971,1010],{},[15,41973,41974],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41977,10620],{},[194,41979,41980,41986],{},[197,41981,41982,41985],{},[15,41983,41984],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[197,41987,41988,41990],{},[15,41989,41943],{}," fails",[20,41992,41993,41994,41997,41998,42000],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[820,41995,41996],{"href":2777},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[820,41999,2322],{"href":2321}," helpful.",[181,42002,1704],{"id":1703},[353,42004,42006],{"id":42005},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42008,42009,42010,634,42012,32],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42011,2393],{},[15,42013,40046],{},[353,42015,42017],{"id":42016},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42019,42020,42021,634,42024,32],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42022,42023],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42025,42026],{},"\"10\"",[353,42028,42030],{"id":42029},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42032,28966,42033,42035,42036,32],{},[15,42034,41430],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42037,1010],{},[353,42039,42041],{"id":42040},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42043,1714,42044,32],{},[15,42045,3674],{},[353,42047,42049],{"id":42048},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42051,42052,42053,42055,42056,380,42059,42055,42061,32],{},"Yes. ",[15,42054,633],{}," becomes ",[15,42057,42058],{},"1.0",[15,42060,637],{},[15,42062,3674],{},[181,42064,1775],{"id":1774},[194,42066,42067,42071,42077,42082,42086,42090],{},[197,42068,42069],{},[820,42070,41996],{"href":2777},[197,42072,42073],{},[820,42074,42076],{"href":42075},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[197,42078,42079],{},[820,42080,42081],{"href":40793},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[197,42083,42084],{},[820,42085,8963],{"href":8885},[197,42087,42088],{},[820,42089,40798],{"href":40797},[197,42091,42092],{},[820,42093,42094],{"href":8128},"Python input() Function Explained",[1834,42096,42097],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":42099},[42100,42101,42102,42103,42110,42115,42116,42123,42128,42135,42136,42143],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":40093,"depth":74,"text":40094},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":40318,"depth":74,"text":40319,"children":42104},[42105,42106,42107,42108,42109],{"id":40327,"depth":106,"text":40328},{"id":40391,"depth":106,"text":40392},{"id":40455,"depth":106,"text":40456},{"id":40497,"depth":106,"text":40498},{"id":40552,"depth":106,"text":40553},{"id":40591,"depth":74,"text":40592,"children":42111},[42112,42113,42114],{"id":40600,"depth":106,"text":40601},{"id":40685,"depth":106,"text":40686},{"id":40755,"depth":106,"text":40756},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":1135,"depth":74,"text":1136,"children":42117},[42118,42120,42121,42122],{"id":40949,"depth":106,"text":42119},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41042,"depth":106,"text":41043},{"id":41128,"depth":106,"text":41129},{"id":41190,"depth":106,"text":41191},{"id":41250,"depth":74,"text":41251,"children":42124},[42125,42126,42127],{"id":41259,"depth":106,"text":41260},{"id":41298,"depth":106,"text":41299},{"id":41339,"depth":106,"text":41340},{"id":41404,"depth":74,"text":41405,"children":42129},[42130,42131,42132,42133,42134],{"id":41414,"depth":106,"text":1010},{"id":41480,"depth":106,"text":2909},{"id":41547,"depth":106,"text":41548},{"id":41621,"depth":106,"text":41622},{"id":41747,"depth":106,"text":41748},{"id":41851,"depth":74,"text":41852},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":42137},[42138,42139,42140,42141,42142],{"id":42005,"depth":106,"text":42006},{"id":42016,"depth":106,"text":42017},{"id":42029,"depth":106,"text":42030},{"id":42040,"depth":106,"text":42041},{"id":42048,"depth":106,"text":42049},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39994,"description":42144},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42151,"title":42152,"body":42153,"description":43373,"extension":1866,"meta":43374,"navigation":128,"path":34930,"seo":43375,"stem":43376,"__hash__":43377},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42154,"toc":43339},[42155,42158,42163,42166,42168,42207,42221,42225,42230,42233,42250,42253,42263,42278,42281,42283,42286,42302,42305,42308,42328,42332,42343,42346,42350,42354,42368,42403,42407,42418,42453,42456,42458,42466,42499,42515,42517,42527,42548,42559,42561,42566,42569,42583,42585,42604,42607,42620,42623,42627,42631,42645,42648,42666,42669,42684,42688,42693,42707,42713,42715,42771,42773,42806,42809,42825,42829,42836,42840,42845,42848,42859,42863,42868,42883,42892,42897,42916,42919,42931,42933,42938,42948,42951,42980,42985,42994,42998,43003,43006,43010,43015,43017,43047,43050,43057,43062,43067,43071,43074,43082,43085,43163,43166,43188,43190,43194,43197,43201,43207,43270,43274,43282,43286,43289,43291,43316,43336],[10,42156,42152],{"id":42157},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42159,3489,42160,42162],{},[15,42161,34933],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42164,42165],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[181,42167,1907],{"id":1906},[40,42169,42171],{"className":42,"code":42170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42172,42173,42183,42193],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42174,42175,42177,42179,42181],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42176,32059],{"class":109},[49,42178,92],{"class":85},[49,42180,1631],{"class":109},[49,42182,103],{"class":85},[49,42184,42185,42187,42189,42191],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,42186,32059],{"class":109},[49,42188,92],{"class":85},[49,42190,3349],{"class":2804},[49,42192,103],{"class":85},[49,42194,42195,42197,42199,42201,42203,42205],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,42196,32059],{"class":109},[49,42198,92],{"class":85},[49,42200,1573],{"class":63},[49,42202,34567],{"class":67},[49,42204,1573],{"class":63},[49,42206,103],{"class":85},[20,42208,35,42209,42211,42212,634,42214,42216,42217,42220],{},[15,42210,34933],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42213,1631],{},[15,42215,3349],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42218,42219],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[181,42222,42224],{"id":42223},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42226,42227,42229],{},[15,42228,34933],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42231,42232],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[194,42234,42235,42238,42241,42244,42247],{},[197,42236,42237],{},"Functions",[197,42239,42240],{},"Classes",[197,42242,42243],{},"Methods",[197,42245,42246],{},"Modules",[197,42248,42249],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42251,42252],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42254,42255,42256,42262],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[820,42257,42259],{"href":42258},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42260,42261],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[40,42264,42266],{"className":42,"code":42265,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\n",[15,42267,42268],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42269,42270,42272,42274,42276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42271,32059],{"class":109},[49,42273,92],{"class":85},[49,42275,1631],{"class":109},[49,42277,103],{"class":85},[20,42279,42280],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[181,42282,316],{"id":315},[20,42284,42285],{},"The main form is:",[40,42287,42289],{"className":42,"code":42288,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(object)\n",[15,42290,42291],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42292,42293,42295,42297,42300],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42294,32059],{"class":109},[49,42296,92],{"class":85},[49,42298,42299],{"class":2804},"object",[49,42301,103],{"class":85},[20,42303,42304],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42306,42307],{},"Common examples include:",[194,42309,42310,42314,42319,42323],{},[197,42311,42312],{},[15,42313,1631],{},[197,42315,42316],{},[15,42317,42318],{},"list.append",[197,42320,42321],{},[15,42322,3349],{},[197,42324,42325],{},[15,42326,42327],{},"open",[20,42329,7081,42330,7084],{},[15,42331,34933],{},[40,42333,42335],{"className":42,"code":42334,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help()\n",[15,42336,42337],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42338,42339,42341],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42340,32059],{"class":109},[49,42342,8548],{"class":85},[20,42344,42345],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[181,42347,42349],{"id":42348},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[353,42351,42353],{"id":42352},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42355,42356,42357,2091,42359,2091,42361,1455,42364,32],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42358,1631],{},[15,42360,110],{},[15,42362,42363],{},"input",[820,42365,42366],{"href":2201},[15,42367,2204],{},[40,42369,42371],{"className":42,"code":42370,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42372,42373,42383,42393],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42374,42375,42377,42379,42381],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42376,32059],{"class":109},[49,42378,92],{"class":85},[49,42380,110],{"class":109},[49,42382,103],{"class":85},[49,42384,42385,42387,42389,42391],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,42386,32059],{"class":109},[49,42388,92],{"class":85},[49,42390,42363],{"class":109},[49,42392,103],{"class":85},[49,42394,42395,42397,42399,42401],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,42396,32059],{"class":109},[49,42398,92],{"class":85},[49,42400,3127],{"class":2804},[49,42402,103],{"class":85},[353,42404,42406],{"id":42405},"data-types","Data types",[20,42408,42409,42410,2091,42412,2091,42414,1455,42416,32],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42411,3349],{},[15,42413,8002],{},[15,42415,8726],{},[15,42417,6194],{},[40,42419,42421],{"className":42,"code":42420,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42422,42423,42433,42443],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42424,42425,42427,42429,42431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42426,32059],{"class":109},[49,42428,92],{"class":85},[49,42430,3349],{"class":2804},[49,42432,103],{"class":85},[49,42434,42435,42437,42439,42441],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,42436,32059],{"class":109},[49,42438,92],{"class":85},[49,42440,8002],{"class":2804},[49,42442,103],{"class":85},[49,42444,42445,42447,42449,42451],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,42446,32059],{"class":109},[49,42448,92],{"class":85},[49,42450,8726],{"class":2804},[49,42452,103],{"class":85},[20,42454,42455],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[353,42457,42243],{"id":34414},[20,42459,42460,42461,380,42464,32],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42462,42463],{},"str.split",[15,42465,42318],{},[40,42467,42469],{"className":42,"code":42468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42470,42471,42485],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42472,42473,42475,42477,42479,42481,42483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42474,32059],{"class":109},[49,42476,92],{"class":85},[49,42478,3349],{"class":2804},[49,42480,32],{"class":85},[49,42482,34377],{"class":24660},[49,42484,103],{"class":85},[49,42486,42487,42489,42491,42493,42495,42497],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,42488,32059],{"class":109},[49,42490,92],{"class":85},[49,42492,8002],{"class":2804},[49,42494,32],{"class":85},[49,42496,13462],{"class":24660},[49,42498,103],{"class":85},[20,42500,42501,42502,1342,42504,28219,42509,42511,42512,42514],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42503,34933],{},[820,42505,42507],{"href":42506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42508,34219],{},[15,42510,34219],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42513,34933],{}," explains one of them.",[353,42516,42246],{"id":34567},[20,42518,42519,42520,2091,42522,1455,42524,32],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42521,18327],{},[15,42523,35096],{},[15,42525,42526],{},"os",[40,42528,42530],{"className":42,"code":42529,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42531,42532,42538],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42533,42534,42536],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42535,34997],{"class":1210},[49,42537,35000],{"class":55},[49,42539,42540,42542,42544,42546],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,42541,32059],{"class":109},[49,42543,92],{"class":85},[49,42545,18327],{"class":88},[49,42547,103],{"class":85},[20,42549,42550,42551,42555,42556,32],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[820,42552,42554],{"href":42553},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[820,42557,35063],{"href":42558},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[181,42560,34824],{"id":34823},[20,42562,42563,42565],{},[15,42564,34933],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42567,42568],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[194,42570,42571,42574,42577,42580],{},[197,42572,42573],{},"The function signature",[197,42575,42576],{},"The short description",[197,42578,42579],{},"Parameter names",[197,42581,42582],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42584,5379],{},[40,42586,42588],{"className":42,"code":42587,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42589,42590],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42591,42592,42594,42596,42598,42600,42602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42593,32059],{"class":109},[49,42595,92],{"class":85},[49,42597,3349],{"class":2804},[49,42599,32],{"class":85},[49,42601,34377],{"class":24660},[49,42603,103],{"class":85},[20,42605,42606],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[194,42608,42609,42612,42615,42617],{},[197,42610,42611],{},"What object this is",[197,42613,42614],{},"What arguments it accepts",[197,42616,21880],{},[197,42618,42619],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42621,42622],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[181,42624,42626],{"id":42625},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42628,42629,29779],{},[15,42630,34933],{},[194,42632,42633,42636,42639,42642],{},[197,42634,42635],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[197,42637,42638],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[197,42640,42641],{},"You are exploring a new module",[197,42643,42644],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42646,42647],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[40,42649,42650],{"className":42,"code":42587,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,42651,42652],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42653,42654,42656,42658,42660,42662,42664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42655,32059],{"class":109},[49,42657,92],{"class":85},[49,42659,3349],{"class":2804},[49,42661,32],{"class":85},[49,42663,34377],{"class":24660},[49,42665,103],{"class":85},[20,42667,42668],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[40,42670,42672],{"className":42,"code":42671,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(open)\n",[15,42673,42674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42675,42676,42678,42680,42682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42677,32059],{"class":109},[49,42679,92],{"class":85},[49,42681,42327],{"class":109},[49,42683,103],{"class":85},[181,42685,42687],{"id":42686},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42689,42690,42692],{},[15,42691,34933],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[194,42694,42695,42698,42701,42704],{},[197,42696,42697],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[197,42699,42700],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[197,42702,42703],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[197,42705,42706],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42708,42709,42710,42712],{},"So, ",[15,42711,34933],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42714,5379],{},[40,42716,42718],{"className":42,"code":42717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42719,42720,42733,42756,42760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42721,42722,42724,42726,42728,42731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42723,56],{"class":55},[49,42725,60],{"class":59},[49,42727,64],{"class":63},[49,42729,42730],{"class":67},"a,b,c",[49,42732,71],{"class":63},[49,42734,42735,42738,42740,42742,42744,42746,42748,42750,42752,42754],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,42736,42737],{"class":55},"parts ",[49,42739,60],{"class":59},[49,42741,82],{"class":55},[49,42743,32],{"class":85},[49,42745,34377],{"class":88},[49,42747,92],{"class":85},[49,42749,95],{"class":63},[49,42751,341],{"class":67},[49,42753,95],{"class":63},[49,42755,103],{"class":85},[49,42757,42758],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,42759,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,42761,42762,42764,42766,42769],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,42763,110],{"class":109},[49,42765,92],{"class":85},[49,42767,42768],{"class":88},"parts",[49,42770,103],{"class":85},[20,42772,5466],{},[40,42774,42776],{"className":42,"code":42775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42777,42778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42779,42780,42782,42784,42786,42788,42790,42792,42794,42796,42798,42800,42802,42804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42781,1256],{"class":85},[49,42783,1573],{"class":63},[49,42785,820],{"class":67},[49,42787,1573],{"class":63},[49,42789,341],{"class":85},[49,42791,3202],{"class":63},[49,42793,4667],{"class":67},[49,42795,1573],{"class":63},[49,42797,341],{"class":85},[49,42799,3202],{"class":63},[49,42801,9646],{"class":67},[49,42803,1573],{"class":63},[49,42805,1244],{"class":85},[20,42807,42808],{},"A good workflow is:",[28618,42810,42811,42816,42819,42822],{},[197,42812,35,42813,42815],{},[15,42814,34933],{}," to inspect something",[197,42817,42818],{},"Write a tiny example",[197,42820,42821],{},"Check the result",[197,42823,42824],{},"Repeat",[181,42826,42828],{"id":42827},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42830,42831,380,42833,42835],{},[15,42832,34933],{},[15,42834,34219],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[353,42837,42838],{"id":32059},[15,42839,34933],{},[20,42841,35,42842,42844],{},[15,42843,34933],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42846,42847],{},"It tells you:",[194,42849,42850,42853,42856],{},[197,42851,42852],{},"What something is",[197,42854,42855],{},"How to use it",[197,42857,42858],{},"What parameters it accepts",[353,42860,42861],{"id":34280},[15,42862,34219],{},[20,42864,35,42865,42867],{},[15,42866,34219],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[40,42869,42871],{"className":42,"code":42870,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dir(str)\n",[15,42872,42873],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42874,42875,42877,42879,42881],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42876,34280],{"class":109},[49,42878,92],{"class":85},[49,42880,3349],{"class":2804},[49,42882,103],{"class":85},[20,42884,42885,42886,2091,42888,1455,42890,32],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42887,34377],{},[15,42889,8541],{},[15,42891,960],{},[20,42893,42894,42895,1197],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42896,34933],{},[40,42898,42900],{"className":42,"code":42899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42901,42902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42903,42904,42906,42908,42910,42912,42914],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42905,32059],{"class":109},[49,42907,92],{"class":85},[49,42909,3349],{"class":2804},[49,42911,32],{"class":85},[49,42913,960],{"class":24660},[49,42915,103],{"class":85},[20,42917,42918],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[194,42920,42921,42926],{},[197,42922,35,42923,42925],{},[15,42924,34219],{}," to discover options",[197,42927,35,42928,42930],{},[15,42929,34933],{}," to understand one option",[181,42932,1308],{"id":1307},[20,42934,42935,42936,32],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42937,34933],{},[353,42939,644,42941,42944,42945],{"id":42940},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42942,42943],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42946,42947],{},"help(len)",[20,42949,42950],{},"These are not always the same.",[40,42952,42954],{"className":42,"code":42953,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42955,42956,42966],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,42957,42958,42960,42962,42964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,42959,32059],{"class":109},[49,42961,92],{"class":85},[49,42963,1631],{"class":109},[49,42965,103],{"class":85},[49,42967,42968,42970,42972,42974,42976,42978],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,42969,32059],{"class":109},[49,42971,92],{"class":85},[49,42973,1573],{"class":63},[49,42975,1631],{"class":67},[49,42977,1573],{"class":63},[49,42979,103],{"class":85},[20,42981,42982,42984],{},[15,42983,42947],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42986,42987,42989,42990,42993],{},[15,42988,42943],{}," treats ",[15,42991,42992],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[353,42995,42997],{"id":42996},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42999,43000,43002],{},[15,43001,34933],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43004,43005],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[353,43007,43009],{"id":43008},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43011,40246,43012,43014],{},[15,43013,34933],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43016,214],{},[40,43018,43020],{"className":42,"code":43019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43021,43022,43032],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43023,43024,43026,43028,43030],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43025,32059],{"class":109},[49,43027,92],{"class":85},[49,43029,1631],{"class":109},[49,43031,103],{"class":85},[49,43033,43034,43036,43038,43040,43043,43045],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,43035,110],{"class":109},[49,43037,92],{"class":85},[49,43039,95],{"class":63},[49,43041,43042],{"class":67},"Done",[49,43044,95],{"class":63},[49,43046,103],{"class":85},[20,43048,43049],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[353,43051,1339,43053,1342,43055],{"id":43052},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43054,34933],{},[15,43056,34219],{},[20,43058,43059,43060,32],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43061,34219],{},[20,43063,43064,43065,32],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43066,34933],{},[181,43068,43070],{"id":43069},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43072,43073],{},"Open Python:",[40,43075,43076],{"className":42,"code":35448,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,43077,43078],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43079,43080],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43081,35448],{"class":55},[20,43083,43084],{},"Then test these commands:",[40,43086,43088],{"className":42,"code":43087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43089,43090,43100,43114,43128,43138,43153],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43091,43092,43094,43096,43098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43093,32059],{"class":109},[49,43095,92],{"class":85},[49,43097,1631],{"class":109},[49,43099,103],{"class":85},[49,43101,43102,43104,43106,43108,43110,43112],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,43103,32059],{"class":109},[49,43105,92],{"class":85},[49,43107,3349],{"class":2804},[49,43109,32],{"class":85},[49,43111,34377],{"class":24660},[49,43113,103],{"class":85},[49,43115,43116,43118,43120,43122,43124,43126],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,43117,32059],{"class":109},[49,43119,92],{"class":85},[49,43121,8002],{"class":2804},[49,43123,32],{"class":85},[49,43125,13462],{"class":24660},[49,43127,103],{"class":85},[49,43129,43130,43132,43134,43136],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,43131,32059],{"class":109},[49,43133,92],{"class":85},[49,43135,42327],{"class":109},[49,43137,103],{"class":85},[49,43139,43140,43142,43144,43146,43149,43151],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,43141,32059],{"class":109},[49,43143,92],{"class":85},[49,43145,1573],{"class":63},[49,43147,43148],{"class":67},"keywords",[49,43150,1573],{"class":63},[49,43152,103],{"class":85},[49,43154,43155,43157,43159,43161],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,43156,34280],{"class":109},[49,43158,92],{"class":85},[49,43160,3349],{"class":2804},[49,43162,103],{"class":85},[20,43164,43165],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[194,43167,43168,43171,43174,43177,43180,43183],{},[197,43169,43170],{},"A built-in function",[197,43172,43173],{},"A string method",[197,43175,43176],{},"A list method",[197,43178,43179],{},"A built-in file function",[197,43181,43182],{},"A special help topic",[197,43184,15099,43185,43187],{},[15,43186,34219],{}," example for comparison",[181,43189,1704],{"id":1703},[353,43191,43193],{"id":43192},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43195,43196],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[353,43198,43200],{"id":43199},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43202,43203,43204,43206],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43205,34933],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[40,43208,43210],{"className":42,"code":43209,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43211,43212,43224,43237,43256,43260],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43213,43214,43216,43218,43220,43222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43215,34758],{"class":1968},[49,43217,34762],{"class":34761},[49,43219,92],{"class":85},[49,43221,7575],{"class":37567},[49,43223,1396],{"class":85},[49,43225,43226,43230,43234],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,43227,43229],{"class":43228},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[49,43231,43233],{"class":43232},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[49,43235,43236],{"class":43228},"\"\"\"\n",[49,43238,43239,43241,43244,43247,43249,43251,43253],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,43240,34769],{"class":1210},[49,43242,43243],{"class":1968}," f",[49,43245,43246],{"class":67},"\"Hello, ",[49,43248,9184],{"class":458},[49,43250,7575],{"class":55},[49,43252,22212],{"class":458},[49,43254,43255],{"class":67},"!\"\n",[49,43257,43258],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,43259,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,43261,43262,43264,43266,43268],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,43263,32059],{"class":109},[49,43265,92],{"class":85},[49,43267,34803],{"class":88},[49,43269,103],{"class":85},[353,43271,43273],{"id":43272},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43275,43276,43278,43279,43281],{},[15,43277,42947],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43280,42943],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[353,43283,43285],{"id":43284},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43287,43288],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[181,43290,1775],{"id":1774},[194,43292,43293,43298,43302,43307,43312],{},[197,43294,43295],{},[820,43296,43297],{"href":42506},"Python dir() function explained",[197,43299,43300],{},[820,43301,8350],{"href":2201},[197,43303,43304],{},[820,43305,43306],{"href":42258},"Python len() function explained",[197,43308,43309],{},[820,43310,43311],{"href":42553},"How import works in Python",[197,43313,43314],{},[820,43315,35063],{"href":42558},[20,43317,43318,43319,43321,43322,2091,43324,1455,43326,43328,43329,634,43332,43335],{},"Try ",[15,43320,34933],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43323,1631],{},[15,43325,110],{},[15,43327,42363],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43330,43331],{},"dir(str)",[15,43333,43334],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1834,43337,43338],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":43340},[43341,43342,43343,43344,43350,43351,43352,43353,43357,43365,43366,43372],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":42223,"depth":74,"text":42224},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":42348,"depth":74,"text":42349,"children":43345},[43346,43347,43348,43349],{"id":42352,"depth":106,"text":42353},{"id":42405,"depth":106,"text":42406},{"id":34414,"depth":106,"text":42243},{"id":34567,"depth":106,"text":42246},{"id":34823,"depth":74,"text":34824},{"id":42625,"depth":74,"text":42626},{"id":42686,"depth":74,"text":42687},{"id":42827,"depth":74,"text":42828,"children":43354},[43355,43356],{"id":32059,"depth":106,"text":34933},{"id":34280,"depth":106,"text":34219},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":43358},[43359,43361,43362,43363],{"id":42940,"depth":106,"text":43360},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42996,"depth":106,"text":42997},{"id":43008,"depth":106,"text":43009},{"id":43052,"depth":106,"text":43364},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43069,"depth":74,"text":43070},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":43367},[43368,43369,43370,43371],{"id":43192,"depth":106,"text":43193},{"id":43199,"depth":106,"text":43200},{"id":43272,"depth":106,"text":43273},{"id":43284,"depth":106,"text":43285},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42152,"description":43373},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43379,"title":43380,"body":43381,"description":44742,"extension":1866,"meta":44743,"navigation":128,"path":44744,"seo":44745,"stem":44746,"__hash__":44747},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43382,"toc":44715},[43383,43389,43394,43400,43410,43469,43479,43489,43494,43500,43502,43520,43528,43530,43532,43547,43550,43561,43563,43654,43657,43661,43666,43687,43689,43800,43802,43829,43840,43844,43847,43930,43932,43940,43946,43952,43956,43959,44069,44071,44084,44087,44101,44109,44116,44121,44135,44141,44254,44256,44317,44320,44326,44332,44335,44357,44360,44430,44433,44465,44472,44474,44477,44495,44498,44510,44516,44518,44523,44549,44552,44624,44626,44632,44635,44641,44644,44650,44660,44666,44669,44676,44679,44681,44712],[10,43384,3482,43386,3486],{"id":43385},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43387,43388],{},"id()",[20,43390,32224,43391,43393],{},[15,43392,43388],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43395,43396,43397,43399],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43398,43388],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43401,35,43402,43404,43405,43407,43408,32],{},[15,43403,43388],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[666,43406,4536],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43409,4594],{},[40,43411,43413],{"className":42,"code":43412,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43414,43415,43427,43441,43445,43455],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43416,43417,43419,43421,43423,43425],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43418,7785],{"class":55},[49,43420,60],{"class":59},[49,43422,64],{"class":63},[49,43424,7203],{"class":67},[49,43426,71],{"class":63},[49,43428,43429,43431,43433,43435,43437,43439],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,43430,110],{"class":109},[49,43432,92],{"class":85},[49,43434,12557],{"class":109},[49,43436,92],{"class":85},[49,43438,7575],{"class":88},[49,43440,1581],{"class":85},[49,43442,43443],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,43444,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,43446,43447,43450,43452],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,43448,43449],{"class":55},"other ",[49,43451,60],{"class":59},[49,43453,43454],{"class":55}," name\n",[49,43456,43457,43459,43461,43463,43465,43467],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,43458,110],{"class":109},[49,43460,92],{"class":85},[49,43462,12557],{"class":109},[49,43464,92],{"class":85},[49,43466,30649],{"class":88},[49,43468,1581],{"class":85},[20,43470,43471,43472,43475,43476,43478],{},"In this example, ",[15,43473,43474],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43477,43388],{}," values match.",[170,43480,43481],{},[20,43482,35,43483,43485,43486,43488],{},[15,43484,43388],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43487,4594],{}," for value comparison.",[181,43490,184,43492,187],{"id":43491},"what-id-does",[15,43493,43388],{},[20,43495,43496,43499],{},[15,43497,43498],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43501,12960],{},[194,43503,43504,43507,43514,43517],{},[197,43505,43506],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[197,43508,43509,43510,43513],{},"It shows ",[666,43511,43512],{},"object identity",", not object value",[197,43515,43516],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[197,43518,43519],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43521,43522,43523,43527],{},"This is closely related to how ",[820,43524,43526],{"href":43525},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[181,43529,316],{"id":315},[20,43531,5341],{},[40,43533,43535],{"className":42,"code":43534,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"id(object)\n",[15,43536,43537],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43538,43539,43541,43543,43545],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43540,12557],{"class":109},[49,43542,92],{"class":85},[49,43544,42299],{"class":2804},[49,43546,103],{"class":85},[20,43548,43549],{},"Important details:",[194,43551,43552,43555,43558],{},[197,43553,43554],{},"It takes one argument",[197,43556,43557],{},"It returns an integer",[197,43559,43560],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43562,214],{},[40,43564,43566],{"className":42,"code":43565,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43567,43568,43580,43588,43608,43612,43626,43640],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43569,43570,43572,43574,43576,43578],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43571,56],{"class":55},[49,43573,60],{"class":59},[49,43575,64],{"class":63},[49,43577,917],{"class":67},[49,43579,71],{"class":63},[49,43581,43582,43584,43586],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,43583,2119],{"class":55},[49,43585,60],{"class":59},[49,43587,2672],{"class":458},[49,43589,43590,43592,43594,43596,43598,43600,43602,43604,43606],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,43591,7687],{"class":55},[49,43593,60],{"class":59},[49,43595,3530],{"class":85},[49,43597,1223],{"class":458},[49,43599,341],{"class":85},[49,43601,2896],{"class":458},[49,43603,341],{"class":85},[49,43605,2354],{"class":458},[49,43607,1244],{"class":85},[49,43609,43610],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,43611,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,43613,43614,43616,43618,43620,43622,43624],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,43615,110],{"class":109},[49,43617,92],{"class":85},[49,43619,12557],{"class":109},[49,43621,92],{"class":85},[49,43623,245],{"class":88},[49,43625,1581],{"class":85},[49,43627,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636,43638],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,43629,110],{"class":109},[49,43631,92],{"class":85},[49,43633,12557],{"class":109},[49,43635,92],{"class":85},[49,43637,2141],{"class":88},[49,43639,1581],{"class":85},[49,43641,43642,43644,43646,43648,43650,43652],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,43643,110],{"class":109},[49,43645,92],{"class":85},[49,43647,12557],{"class":109},[49,43649,92],{"class":85},[49,43651,7718],{"class":88},[49,43653,1581],{"class":85},[20,43655,43656],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[181,43658,43660],{"id":43659},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43662,43663,43664,32],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43665,43388],{},[194,43667,43668,43675,43682],{},[197,43669,43670,43672,43673],{},[15,43671,4594],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[666,43674,338],{},[197,43676,43677,43679,43680],{},[15,43678,12101],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[666,43681,42299],{},[197,43683,43684,43686],{},[15,43685,43388],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43688,214],{},[40,43690,43692],{"className":42,"code":43691,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43693,43694,43714,43734,43738,43755,43772,43786],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43695,43696,43698,43700,43702,43704,43706,43708,43710,43712],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43697,2457],{"class":55},[49,43699,60],{"class":59},[49,43701,3530],{"class":85},[49,43703,1223],{"class":458},[49,43705,341],{"class":85},[49,43707,2896],{"class":458},[49,43709,341],{"class":85},[49,43711,2354],{"class":458},[49,43713,1244],{"class":85},[49,43715,43716,43718,43720,43722,43724,43726,43728,43730,43732],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,43717,2485],{"class":55},[49,43719,60],{"class":59},[49,43721,3530],{"class":85},[49,43723,1223],{"class":458},[49,43725,341],{"class":85},[49,43727,2896],{"class":458},[49,43729,341],{"class":85},[49,43731,2354],{"class":458},[49,43733,1244],{"class":85},[49,43735,43736],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,43737,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,43739,43740,43742,43744,43746,43748,43750,43752],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,43741,110],{"class":109},[49,43743,92],{"class":85},[49,43745,2457],{"class":88},[49,43747,4594],{"class":59},[49,43749,2462],{"class":88},[49,43751,118],{"class":85},[49,43753,43754],{"class":121},"   # True\n",[49,43756,43757,43759,43761,43763,43765,43767,43769],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,43758,110],{"class":109},[49,43760,92],{"class":85},[49,43762,2457],{"class":88},[49,43764,12101],{"class":1210},[49,43766,2462],{"class":88},[49,43768,118],{"class":85},[49,43770,43771],{"class":121},"   # False\n",[49,43773,43774,43776,43778,43780,43782,43784],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,43775,110],{"class":109},[49,43777,92],{"class":85},[49,43779,12557],{"class":109},[49,43781,92],{"class":85},[49,43783,820],{"class":88},[49,43785,1581],{"class":85},[49,43787,43788,43790,43792,43794,43796,43798],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,43789,110],{"class":109},[49,43791,92],{"class":85},[49,43793,12557],{"class":109},[49,43795,92],{"class":85},[49,43797,4667],{"class":88},[49,43799,1581],{"class":85},[20,43801,2080],{},[194,43803,43804,43812,43820],{},[197,43805,43806,4690,43809,43811],{},[15,43807,43808],{},"a == b",[15,43810,633],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[197,43813,43814,4690,43817,43819],{},[15,43815,43816],{},"a is b",[15,43818,637],{}," because they are different list objects",[197,43821,43822,380,43825,43828],{},[15,43823,43824],{},"id(a)",[15,43826,43827],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43830,43831,43832,380,43836,32],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[820,43833,43835],{"href":43834},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[820,43837,43839],{"href":43838},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[181,43841,43843],{"id":43842},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43845,43846],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[40,43848,43850],{"className":42,"code":43849,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43851,43852,43872,43882,43886,43900,43915],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43853,43854,43856,43858,43860,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43855,3525],{"class":55},[49,43857,60],{"class":59},[49,43859,3530],{"class":85},[49,43861,2233],{"class":458},[49,43863,341],{"class":85},[49,43865,7698],{"class":458},[49,43867,341],{"class":85},[49,43869,7703],{"class":458},[49,43871,1244],{"class":85},[49,43873,43874,43877,43879],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,43875,43876],{"class":55},"other_numbers ",[49,43878,60],{"class":59},[49,43880,43881],{"class":55}," numbers\n",[49,43883,43884],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,43885,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,43887,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,43889,110],{"class":109},[49,43891,92],{"class":85},[49,43893,12557],{"class":109},[49,43895,92],{"class":85},[49,43897,3556],{"class":88},[49,43899,1581],{"class":85},[49,43901,43902,43904,43906,43908,43910,43913],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,43903,110],{"class":109},[49,43905,92],{"class":85},[49,43907,12557],{"class":109},[49,43909,92],{"class":85},[49,43911,43912],{"class":88},"other_numbers",[49,43914,1581],{"class":85},[49,43916,43917,43919,43921,43923,43925,43928],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,43918,110],{"class":109},[49,43920,92],{"class":85},[49,43922,3525],{"class":88},[49,43924,12101],{"class":1210},[49,43926,43927],{"class":88}," other_numbers",[49,43929,103],{"class":85},[20,43931,5466],{},[40,43933,43934],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,43935,43936],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43937,43938],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43939,3885],{"class":3757},[20,43941,43942,43943,43945],{},"The two ",[15,43944,43388],{}," values will also match.",[20,43947,22098,43948,43951],{},[15,43949,43950],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[181,43953,43955],{"id":43954},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43957,43958],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[40,43960,43962],{"className":42,"code":43961,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43963,43964,43985,44006,44010,44025,44039,44054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,43965,43966,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,43967,43968],{"class":55},"list_a ",[49,43970,60],{"class":59},[49,43972,3530],{"class":85},[49,43974,1223],{"class":458},[49,43976,341],{"class":85},[49,43978,2896],{"class":458},[49,43980,341],{"class":85},[49,43982,2354],{"class":458},[49,43984,1244],{"class":85},[49,43986,43987,43990,43992,43994,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,43988,43989],{"class":55},"list_b ",[49,43991,60],{"class":59},[49,43993,3530],{"class":85},[49,43995,1223],{"class":458},[49,43997,341],{"class":85},[49,43999,2896],{"class":458},[49,44001,341],{"class":85},[49,44003,2354],{"class":458},[49,44005,1244],{"class":85},[49,44007,44008],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,44009,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,44011,44012,44014,44016,44018,44020,44023],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,44013,110],{"class":109},[49,44015,92],{"class":85},[49,44017,43968],{"class":88},[49,44019,4594],{"class":59},[49,44021,44022],{"class":88}," list_b",[49,44024,103],{"class":85},[49,44026,44027,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,44028,110],{"class":109},[49,44030,92],{"class":85},[49,44032,43968],{"class":88},[49,44034,12101],{"class":1210},[49,44036,44022],{"class":88},[49,44038,103],{"class":85},[49,44040,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44052],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,44042,110],{"class":109},[49,44044,92],{"class":85},[49,44046,12557],{"class":109},[49,44048,92],{"class":85},[49,44050,44051],{"class":88},"list_a",[49,44053,1581],{"class":85},[49,44055,44056,44058,44060,44062,44064,44067],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,44057,110],{"class":109},[49,44059,92],{"class":85},[49,44061,12557],{"class":109},[49,44063,92],{"class":85},[49,44065,44066],{"class":88},"list_b",[49,44068,1581],{"class":85},[20,44070,5466],{},[40,44072,44074],{"className":42,"code":44073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44075,44076,44080],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44077,44078],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44079,3885],{"class":3757},[49,44081,44082],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,44083,3946],{"class":3757},[20,44085,44086],{},"What this means:",[194,44088,44089,44092,44095],{},[197,44090,44091],{},"The lists are equal in value",[197,44093,44094],{},"They are not the same object",[197,44096,44097,44098,44100],{},"Their ",[15,44099,43388],{}," values are usually different",[20,44102,44103,44104,44106,44107,32],{},"This is why ",[15,44105,43388],{}," should not replace ",[15,44108,4594],{},[181,44110,44112,44113,44115],{"id":44111},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44114,43388],{}," is useful",[20,44117,44118,44120],{},[15,44119,43388],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[194,44122,44123,44126,44129,44132],{},[197,44124,44125],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[197,44127,44128],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[197,44130,44131],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[197,44133,44134],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44136,44137,44138,44140],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44139,43388],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[40,44142,44144],{"className":42,"code":44143,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44145,44146,44170,44179,44183,44202,44206,44216,44226,44240],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44147,44148,44150,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44149,11993],{"class":55},[49,44151,60],{"class":59},[49,44153,3530],{"class":85},[49,44155,95],{"class":63},[49,44157,820],{"class":67},[49,44159,95],{"class":63},[49,44161,341],{"class":85},[49,44163,64],{"class":63},[49,44165,4667],{"class":67},[49,44167,95],{"class":63},[49,44169,1244],{"class":85},[49,44171,44172,44175,44177],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,44173,44174],{"class":55},"copy_ref ",[49,44176,60],{"class":59},[49,44178,12031],{"class":55},[49,44180,44181],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,44182,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,44184,44185,44188,44190,44192,44194,44196,44198,44200],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,44186,44187],{"class":55},"copy_ref",[49,44189,32],{"class":85},[49,44191,13462],{"class":88},[49,44193,92],{"class":85},[49,44195,95],{"class":63},[49,44197,9646],{"class":67},[49,44199,95],{"class":63},[49,44201,103],{"class":85},[49,44203,44204],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,44205,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,44207,44208,44210,44212,44214],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,44209,110],{"class":109},[49,44211,92],{"class":85},[49,44213,12040],{"class":88},[49,44215,103],{"class":85},[49,44217,44218,44220,44222,44224],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,44219,110],{"class":109},[49,44221,92],{"class":85},[49,44223,44187],{"class":88},[49,44225,103],{"class":85},[49,44227,44228,44230,44232,44234,44236,44238],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,44229,110],{"class":109},[49,44231,92],{"class":85},[49,44233,12557],{"class":109},[49,44235,92],{"class":85},[49,44237,12040],{"class":88},[49,44239,1581],{"class":85},[49,44241,44242,44244,44246,44248,44250,44252],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,44243,110],{"class":109},[49,44245,92],{"class":85},[49,44247,12557],{"class":109},[49,44249,92],{"class":85},[49,44251,44187],{"class":88},[49,44253,1581],{"class":85},[20,44255,5466],{},[40,44257,44259],{"className":42,"code":44258,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44260,44261,44289],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44262,44263,44265,44267,44269,44271,44273,44275,44277,44279,44281,44283,44285,44287],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44264,1256],{"class":85},[49,44266,1573],{"class":63},[49,44268,820],{"class":67},[49,44270,1573],{"class":63},[49,44272,341],{"class":85},[49,44274,3202],{"class":63},[49,44276,4667],{"class":67},[49,44278,1573],{"class":63},[49,44280,341],{"class":85},[49,44282,3202],{"class":63},[49,44284,9646],{"class":67},[49,44286,1573],{"class":63},[49,44288,1244],{"class":85},[49,44290,44291,44293,44295,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305,44307,44309,44311,44313,44315],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,44292,1256],{"class":85},[49,44294,1573],{"class":63},[49,44296,820],{"class":67},[49,44298,1573],{"class":63},[49,44300,341],{"class":85},[49,44302,3202],{"class":63},[49,44304,4667],{"class":67},[49,44306,1573],{"class":63},[49,44308,341],{"class":85},[49,44310,3202],{"class":63},[49,44312,9646],{"class":67},[49,44314,1573],{"class":63},[49,44316,1244],{"class":85},[20,44318,44319],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[181,44321,44323,44324],{"id":44322},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44325,43388],{},[20,44327,44328,44329,44331],{},"Do not use ",[15,44330,43388],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44333,44334],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[194,44336,44337,44343,44349,44352],{},[197,44338,44339,44340,44342],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44341,4594],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[197,44344,44345,44346,44348],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44347,43388],{}," values across program runs",[197,44350,44351],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[197,44353,44354,44355],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44356,43388],{},[20,44358,44359],{},"Bad example:",[40,44361,44363],{"className":42,"code":44362,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44364,44365,44377,44389,44393,44415],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44366,44367,44369,44371,44373,44375],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44368,2457],{"class":55},[49,44370,60],{"class":59},[49,44372,64],{"class":63},[49,44374,36952],{"class":67},[49,44376,71],{"class":63},[49,44378,44379,44381,44383,44385,44387],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,44380,2485],{"class":55},[49,44382,60],{"class":59},[49,44384,64],{"class":63},[49,44386,36952],{"class":67},[49,44388,71],{"class":63},[49,44390,44391],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,44392,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,44394,44395,44397,44399,44401,44403,44405,44407,44409,44411,44413],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,44396,1211],{"class":1210},[49,44398,14726],{"class":109},[49,44400,92],{"class":85},[49,44402,820],{"class":88},[49,44404,118],{"class":85},[49,44406,6315],{"class":59},[49,44408,14726],{"class":109},[49,44410,92],{"class":85},[49,44412,4667],{"class":88},[49,44414,1396],{"class":85},[49,44416,44417,44419,44421,44423,44426,44428],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,44418,1273],{"class":109},[49,44420,92],{"class":85},[49,44422,95],{"class":63},[49,44424,44425],{"class":67},"The values are equal",[49,44427,95],{"class":63},[49,44429,103],{"class":85},[20,44431,44432],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[40,44434,44436],{"className":42,"code":44435,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44437,44438,44451],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44439,44440,44442,44445,44447,44449],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44441,1211],{"class":1210},[49,44443,44444],{"class":55}," a ",[49,44446,4594],{"class":59},[49,44448,2462],{"class":55},[49,44450,1226],{"class":85},[49,44452,44453,44455,44457,44459,44461,44463],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,44454,1273],{"class":109},[49,44456,92],{"class":85},[49,44458,95],{"class":63},[49,44460,44425],{"class":67},[49,44462,95],{"class":63},[49,44464,103],{"class":85},[20,44466,35,44467,634,44469,44471],{},[15,44468,12101],{},[15,44470,43388],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[181,44473,20710],{"id":20709},[20,44475,44476],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[194,44478,44479,44482,44485,44490],{},[197,44480,44481],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[197,44483,44484],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[197,44486,44487,44488],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44489,43388],{},[197,44491,44492,44493],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44494,43388],{},[20,44496,44497],{},"The important rule is:",[194,44499,44500,44505],{},[197,44501,35,44502,44504],{},[15,44503,4594],{}," to check value",[197,44506,35,44507,44509],{},[15,44508,12101],{}," to check identity",[20,44511,44512,44513,44515],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44514,43388],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[181,44517,1308],{"id":1307},[20,44519,44520,44521,1197],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44522,43388],{},[194,44524,44525,44533,44536,44539,44544],{},[197,44526,644,44527,44529,44530,44532],{},[15,44528,43388],{}," when ",[15,44531,4594],{}," should be used",[197,44534,44535],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[197,44537,44538],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[197,44540,44541,44542],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44543,43388],{},[197,44545,644,44546,44548],{},[15,44547,43388],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44550,44551],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[40,44553,44555],{"className":42,"code":44554,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44556,44557,44572,44586,44600,44614],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44558,44559,44561,44563,44565,44567,44570],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44560,110],{"class":109},[49,44562,92],{"class":85},[49,44564,12557],{"class":109},[49,44566,92],{"class":85},[49,44568,44569],{"class":88},"my_object",[49,44571,1581],{"class":85},[49,44573,44574,44576,44578,44580,44582,44584],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,44575,110],{"class":109},[49,44577,92],{"class":85},[49,44579,2457],{"class":88},[49,44581,4594],{"class":59},[49,44583,2462],{"class":88},[49,44585,103],{"class":85},[49,44587,44588,44590,44592,44594,44596,44598],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,44589,110],{"class":109},[49,44591,92],{"class":85},[49,44593,2457],{"class":88},[49,44595,12101],{"class":1210},[49,44597,2462],{"class":88},[49,44599,103],{"class":85},[49,44601,44602,44604,44606,44608,44610,44612],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,44603,110],{"class":109},[49,44605,92],{"class":85},[49,44607,3127],{"class":2804},[49,44609,92],{"class":85},[49,44611,44569],{"class":88},[49,44613,1581],{"class":85},[49,44615,44616,44618,44620,44622],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,44617,32059],{"class":109},[49,44619,92],{"class":85},[49,44621,12557],{"class":109},[49,44623,103],{"class":85},[181,44625,1704],{"id":1703},[353,44627,44629,44630,12623],{"id":44628},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44631,43388],{},[20,44633,44634],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[353,44636,14813,44638,44640],{"id":44637},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44639,43388],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44642,44643],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[353,44645,21330,44647,44649],{"id":44646},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44648,43388],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44651,30176,44652,44654,44655,634,44657,44659],{},[15,44653,4594],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44656,43388],{},[15,44658,12101],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[353,44661,44663,44664,2394],{"id":44662},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44665,43388],{},[20,44667,44668],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[353,44670,44672,44673,44675],{"id":44671},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44674,43388],{}," values?",[20,44677,44678],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[181,44680,1775],{"id":1774},[194,44682,44683,44688,44693,44698,44706],{},[197,44684,44685],{},[820,44686,44687],{"href":43525},"Python variables explained for beginners",[197,44689,44690],{},[820,44691,44692],{"href":43834},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[197,44694,44695],{},[820,44696,44697],{"href":43838},"Python data types overview",[197,44699,44700],{},[820,44701,3482,44703,3415],{"href":44702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44704,44705],{},"isinstance()",[197,44707,44708],{},[820,44709,44711],{"href":44710},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1834,44713,44714],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":44716},[44717,44719,44720,44721,44722,44723,44725,44727,44728,44729,44741],{"id":43491,"depth":74,"text":44718},"What id() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":43659,"depth":74,"text":43660},{"id":43842,"depth":74,"text":43843},{"id":43954,"depth":74,"text":43955},{"id":44111,"depth":74,"text":44724},"When id() is useful",{"id":44322,"depth":74,"text":44726},"When not to use id()",{"id":20709,"depth":74,"text":20710},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":44730},[44731,44733,44735,44737,44739],{"id":44628,"depth":106,"text":44732},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44637,"depth":106,"text":44734},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44646,"depth":106,"text":44736},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44662,"depth":106,"text":44738},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44671,"depth":106,"text":44740},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43380,"description":44742},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44749,"title":42094,"body":44750,"description":46389,"extension":1866,"meta":46390,"navigation":128,"path":46391,"seo":46392,"stem":46393,"__hash__":46394},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44751,"toc":46355},[44752,44757,44762,44765,44767,44810,44815,44818,44823,44828,44831,44847,44849,44893,44895,44922,44924,44939,44941,44943,44945,44961,44963,44975,44978,45012,45015,45040,45045,45047,45052,45056,45059,45061,45109,45111,45144,45150,45161,45163,45215,45217,45248,45250,45254,45258,45301,45307,45313,45365,45373,45378,45382,45473,45475,45508,45511,45513,45573,45575,45601,45610,45612,45616,45621,45626,45628,45665,45667,45686,45689,45693,45696,45752,45764,45773,45775,45802,45810,45817,45821,45824,45861,45864,45870,45907,45909,45913,45919,45937,45942,45990,45994,46083,46086,46093,46095,46097,46102,46120,46122,46165,46171,46188,46190,46252,46254,46256,46262,46270,46276,46282,46291,46301,46305,46313,46315,46317,46352],[10,44753,3482,44755,3486],{"id":44754},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44756,2861],{},[20,44758,661,44759,44761],{},[15,44760,2861],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44763,44764],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[181,44766,1907],{"id":1906},[40,44768,44770],{"className":42,"code":44769,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44771,44772,44791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44773,44774,44776,44778,44780,44782,44784,44787,44789],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44775,7785],{"class":55},[49,44777,60],{"class":59},[49,44779,8151],{"class":109},[49,44781,92],{"class":85},[49,44783,95],{"class":63},[49,44785,44786],{"class":67},"Enter your name: ",[49,44788,95],{"class":63},[49,44790,103],{"class":85},[49,44792,44793,44795,44797,44799,44802,44804,44806,44808],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,44794,110],{"class":109},[49,44796,92],{"class":85},[49,44798,95],{"class":63},[49,44800,44801],{"class":67},"Hello, ",[49,44803,95],{"class":63},[49,44805,2357],{"class":59},[49,44807,35897],{"class":88},[49,44809,103],{"class":85},[20,44811,35,44812,44814],{},[15,44813,2861],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44816,44817],"hr",{},[181,44819,184,44821,187],{"id":44820},"what-input-does",[15,44822,2861],{},[20,44824,44825,44827],{},[15,44826,2861],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44829,44830],{},"Here is what happens:",[194,44832,44833,44838,44841,44844],{},[197,44834,44835,44837],{},[15,44836,2861],{}," waits for the user to type",[197,44839,44840],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[197,44842,44843],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[197,44845,44846],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44848,214],{},[40,44850,44852],{"className":42,"code":44851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44853,44854,44874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44855,44856,44859,44861,44863,44865,44867,44870,44872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44857,44858],{"class":55},"color ",[49,44860,60],{"class":59},[49,44862,8151],{"class":109},[49,44864,92],{"class":85},[49,44866,95],{"class":63},[49,44868,44869],{"class":67},"What is your favorite color? ",[49,44871,95],{"class":63},[49,44873,103],{"class":85},[49,44875,44876,44878,44880,44882,44885,44887,44889,44891],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,44877,110],{"class":109},[49,44879,92],{"class":85},[49,44881,95],{"class":63},[49,44883,44884],{"class":67},"Your favorite color is",[49,44886,95],{"class":63},[49,44888,341],{"class":85},[49,44890,35756],{"class":88},[49,44892,103],{"class":85},[20,44894,29935],{},[40,44896,44898],{"className":42,"code":44897,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44899,44900,44913],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44901,44902,44904,44906,44909,44911],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44903,184],{"class":55},[49,44905,12101],{"class":59},[49,44907,44908],{"class":55}," your favorite color",[49,44910,2394],{"class":37271},[49,44912,35786],{"class":55},[49,44914,44915,44918,44920],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,44916,44917],{"class":55},"Your favorite color ",[49,44919,12101],{"class":59},[49,44921,35786],{"class":55},[20,44923,19868],{},[194,44925,44926,44931,44936],{},[197,44927,44928,44929],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44930,44869],{},[197,44932,44933,44934],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44935,32798],{},[197,44937,44938],{},"That value is then printed",[44816,44940],{},[181,44942,316],{"id":315},[20,44944,7124],{},[40,44946,44948],{"className":42,"code":44947,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44949,44950],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44951,44952,44954,44956,44959],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44953,42363],{"class":109},[49,44955,92],{"class":85},[49,44957,44958],{"class":88},"prompt",[49,44960,103],{"class":85},[20,44962,11364],{},[194,44964,44965,44969,44972],{},[197,44966,661,44967,19950],{},[15,44968,44958],{},[197,44970,44971],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[197,44973,44974],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44976,44977],{},"Example with a prompt:",[40,44979,44981],{"className":42,"code":44980,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44982,44983,45002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,44984,44985,44987,44989,44991,44993,44995,44998,45000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,44986,7870],{"class":55},[49,44988,60],{"class":59},[49,44990,8151],{"class":109},[49,44992,92],{"class":85},[49,44994,95],{"class":63},[49,44996,44997],{"class":67},"Enter your username: ",[49,44999,95],{"class":63},[49,45001,103],{"class":85},[49,45003,45004,45006,45008,45010],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45005,110],{"class":109},[49,45007,92],{"class":85},[49,45009,7894],{"class":88},[49,45011,103],{"class":85},[20,45013,45014],{},"Example without a prompt:",[40,45016,45018],{"className":42,"code":45017,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45019,45020,45030],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45021,45022,45024,45026,45028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45023,2349],{"class":55},[49,45025,60],{"class":59},[49,45027,8151],{"class":109},[49,45029,8548],{"class":85},[49,45031,45032,45034,45036,45038],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45033,110],{"class":109},[49,45035,92],{"class":85},[49,45037,338],{"class":88},[49,45039,103],{"class":85},[20,45041,7670,45042,45044],{},[15,45043,2861],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44816,45046],{},[181,45048,184,45050,11612],{"id":45049},"what-input-returns",[15,45051,2861],{},[20,45053,45054,8134],{},[15,45055,2861],{},[20,45057,45058],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45060,214],{},[40,45062,45064],{"className":42,"code":45063,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45065,45066,45085,45095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45067,45068,45070,45072,45074,45076,45078,45081,45083],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45069,21538],{"class":55},[49,45071,60],{"class":59},[49,45073,8151],{"class":109},[49,45075,92],{"class":85},[49,45077,95],{"class":63},[49,45079,45080],{"class":67},"Enter your age: ",[49,45082,95],{"class":63},[49,45084,103],{"class":85},[49,45086,45087,45089,45091,45093],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45088,110],{"class":109},[49,45090,92],{"class":85},[49,45092,9205],{"class":88},[49,45094,103],{"class":85},[49,45096,45097,45099,45101,45103,45105,45107],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,45098,110],{"class":109},[49,45100,92],{"class":85},[49,45102,3127],{"class":2804},[49,45104,92],{"class":85},[49,45106,9205],{"class":88},[49,45108,1581],{"class":85},[20,45110,29935],{},[40,45112,45114],{"className":42,"code":45113,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45115,45116,45126,45130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45117,45118,45121,45123],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45119,45120],{"class":55},"Enter your age",[49,45122,1197],{"class":85},[49,45124,45125],{"class":458}," 25\n",[49,45127,45128],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45129,2612],{"class":458},[49,45131,45132,45134,45136,45138,45140,45142],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,45133,3196],{"class":59},[49,45135,3199],{"class":1968},[49,45137,3202],{"class":63},[49,45139,3349],{"class":67},[49,45141,1573],{"class":63},[49,45143,3209],{"class":59},[20,45145,45146,45147,45149],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45148,9099],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45151,45152,45153,634,45157,32],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[820,45154,45155],{"href":2777},[15,45156,2780],{},[820,45158,45159],{"href":2783},[15,45160,2786],{},[20,45162,214],{},[40,45164,45166],{"className":42,"code":45165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45167,45168,45191,45201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45169,45170,45172,45174,45177,45179,45181,45183,45185,45187,45189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45171,21538],{"class":55},[49,45173,60],{"class":59},[49,45175,45176],{"class":2804}," int",[49,45178,92],{"class":85},[49,45180,42363],{"class":109},[49,45182,92],{"class":85},[49,45184,95],{"class":63},[49,45186,45080],{"class":67},[49,45188,95],{"class":63},[49,45190,1581],{"class":85},[49,45192,45193,45195,45197,45199],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45194,110],{"class":109},[49,45196,92],{"class":85},[49,45198,9205],{"class":88},[49,45200,103],{"class":85},[49,45202,45203,45205,45207,45209,45211,45213],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,45204,110],{"class":109},[49,45206,92],{"class":85},[49,45208,3127],{"class":2804},[49,45210,92],{"class":85},[49,45212,9205],{"class":88},[49,45214,1581],{"class":85},[20,45216,29935],{},[40,45218,45220],{"className":42,"code":45219,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45221,45222,45230,45234],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45223,45224,45226,45228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45225,45120],{"class":55},[49,45227,1197],{"class":85},[49,45229,45125],{"class":458},[49,45231,45232],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45233,2612],{"class":458},[49,45235,45236,45238,45240,45242,45244,45246],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,45237,3196],{"class":59},[49,45239,3199],{"class":1968},[49,45241,3202],{"class":63},[49,45243,2090],{"class":67},[49,45245,1573],{"class":63},[49,45247,3209],{"class":59},[44816,45249],{},[181,45251,45253],{"id":45252},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[353,45255,45257],{"id":45256},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[40,45259,45261],{"className":42,"code":45260,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45262,45263,45282],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45264,45265,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275,45278,45280],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45266,7785],{"class":55},[49,45268,60],{"class":59},[49,45270,8151],{"class":109},[49,45272,92],{"class":85},[49,45274,95],{"class":63},[49,45276,45277],{"class":67},"What is your name? ",[49,45279,95],{"class":63},[49,45281,103],{"class":85},[49,45283,45284,45286,45288,45290,45293,45295,45297,45299],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45285,110],{"class":109},[49,45287,92],{"class":85},[49,45289,95],{"class":63},[49,45291,45292],{"class":67},"Hello,",[49,45294,95],{"class":63},[49,45296,341],{"class":85},[49,45298,35897],{"class":88},[49,45300,103],{"class":85},[20,45302,45303,45304,45306],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45305,7575],{}," and prints it.",[353,45308,45310,45311],{"id":45309},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45312,2780],{},[40,45314,45316],{"className":42,"code":45315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45317,45318,45341],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45319,45320,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330,45332,45334,45337,45339],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45321,21538],{"class":55},[49,45323,60],{"class":59},[49,45325,45176],{"class":2804},[49,45327,92],{"class":85},[49,45329,42363],{"class":109},[49,45331,92],{"class":85},[49,45333,95],{"class":63},[49,45335,45336],{"class":67},"How old are you? ",[49,45338,95],{"class":63},[49,45340,1581],{"class":85},[49,45342,45343,45345,45347,45349,45352,45354,45356,45359,45361,45363],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45344,110],{"class":109},[49,45346,92],{"class":85},[49,45348,95],{"class":63},[49,45350,45351],{"class":67},"Next year you will be",[49,45353,95],{"class":63},[49,45355,341],{"class":85},[49,45357,45358],{"class":88}," age ",[49,45360,1261],{"class":59},[49,45362,1264],{"class":458},[49,45364,103],{"class":85},[20,45366,5967,45367,45369,45370,45372],{},[15,45368,2780],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45371,2861],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45374,45375,45376,32],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[820,45377,8886],{"href":8885},[353,45379,45381],{"id":45380},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[40,45383,45385],{"className":42,"code":45384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45386,45387,45411,45435,45449,45453],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45388,45389,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400,45402,45404,45407,45409],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45390,45391],{"class":55},"num1 ",[49,45393,60],{"class":59},[49,45395,45176],{"class":2804},[49,45397,92],{"class":85},[49,45399,42363],{"class":109},[49,45401,92],{"class":85},[49,45403,95],{"class":63},[49,45405,45406],{"class":67},"Enter the first number: ",[49,45408,95],{"class":63},[49,45410,1581],{"class":85},[49,45412,45413,45416,45418,45420,45422,45424,45426,45428,45431,45433],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45414,45415],{"class":55},"num2 ",[49,45417,60],{"class":59},[49,45419,45176],{"class":2804},[49,45421,92],{"class":85},[49,45423,42363],{"class":109},[49,45425,92],{"class":85},[49,45427,95],{"class":63},[49,45429,45430],{"class":67},"Enter the second number: ",[49,45432,95],{"class":63},[49,45434,1581],{"class":85},[49,45436,45437,45439,45441,45444,45446],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,45438,41083],{"class":55},[49,45440,60],{"class":59},[49,45442,45443],{"class":55}," num1 ",[49,45445,1261],{"class":59},[49,45447,45448],{"class":55}," num2\n",[49,45450,45451],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,45452,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,45454,45455,45457,45459,45461,45464,45466,45468,45471],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,45456,110],{"class":109},[49,45458,92],{"class":85},[49,45460,95],{"class":63},[49,45462,45463],{"class":67},"Total:",[49,45465,95],{"class":63},[49,45467,341],{"class":85},[49,45469,45470],{"class":88}," total",[49,45472,103],{"class":85},[20,45474,29935],{},[40,45476,45478],{"className":42,"code":45477,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45479,45480,45490,45499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45481,45482,45485,45487],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45483,45484],{"class":55},"Enter the first number",[49,45486,1197],{"class":85},[49,45488,45489],{"class":458}," 2\n",[49,45491,45492,45495,45497],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45493,45494],{"class":55},"Enter the second number",[49,45496,1197],{"class":85},[49,45498,2480],{"class":458},[49,45500,45501,45504,45506],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,45502,45503],{"class":55},"Total",[49,45505,1197],{"class":85},[49,45507,34749],{"class":458},[20,45509,45510],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45512,214],{},[40,45514,45516],{"className":42,"code":45515,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45517,45518,45536,45554,45558],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45519,45520,45522,45524,45526,45528,45530,45532,45534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45521,45391],{"class":55},[49,45523,60],{"class":59},[49,45525,8151],{"class":109},[49,45527,92],{"class":85},[49,45529,95],{"class":63},[49,45531,45406],{"class":67},[49,45533,95],{"class":63},[49,45535,103],{"class":85},[49,45537,45538,45540,45542,45544,45546,45548,45550,45552],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45539,45415],{"class":55},[49,45541,60],{"class":59},[49,45543,8151],{"class":109},[49,45545,92],{"class":85},[49,45547,95],{"class":63},[49,45549,45430],{"class":67},[49,45551,95],{"class":63},[49,45553,103],{"class":85},[49,45555,45556],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,45557,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,45559,45560,45562,45564,45566,45568,45571],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,45561,110],{"class":109},[49,45563,92],{"class":85},[49,45565,45391],{"class":88},[49,45567,1261],{"class":59},[49,45569,45570],{"class":88}," num2",[49,45572,103],{"class":85},[20,45574,29935],{},[40,45576,45578],{"className":42,"code":45577,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45579,45580,45588,45596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45581,45582,45584,45586],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45583,45484],{"class":55},[49,45585,1197],{"class":85},[49,45587,45489],{"class":458},[49,45589,45590,45592,45594],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45591,45494],{"class":55},[49,45593,1197],{"class":85},[49,45595,2480],{"class":458},[49,45597,45598],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,45599,45600],{"class":458},"23\n",[20,45602,1448,45603,45606,45607,32],{},[15,45604,45605],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45608,45609],{},"\"23\"",[44816,45611],{},[181,45613,45615],{"id":45614},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45617,45618,45619,32],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45620,2861],{},[353,45622,4610,45624,41443],{"id":45623},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45625,2861],{},[20,45627,39101],{},[40,45629,45631],{"className":42,"code":45630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45632,45633,45651],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45634,45635,45637,45639,45641,45643,45645,45647,45649],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45636,2349],{"class":55},[49,45638,60],{"class":59},[49,45640,8151],{"class":109},[49,45642,92],{"class":85},[49,45644,95],{"class":63},[49,45646,41771],{"class":67},[49,45648,95],{"class":63},[49,45650,103],{"class":85},[49,45652,45653,45655,45657,45659,45661,45663],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45654,110],{"class":109},[49,45656,92],{"class":85},[49,45658,3127],{"class":2804},[49,45660,92],{"class":85},[49,45662,338],{"class":88},[49,45664,1581],{"class":85},[20,45666,1974],{},[40,45668,45670],{"className":42,"code":45669,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45671,45672],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45673,45674,45676,45678,45680,45682,45684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45675,3196],{"class":59},[49,45677,3199],{"class":1968},[49,45679,3202],{"class":63},[49,45681,3349],{"class":67},[49,45683,1573],{"class":63},[49,45685,3209],{"class":59},[20,45687,45688],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[353,45690,45692],{"id":45691},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45694,45695],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[40,45697,45699],{"className":42,"code":45698,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45700,45701,45719,45738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45702,45703,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715,45717],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45704,2457],{"class":55},[49,45706,60],{"class":59},[49,45708,8151],{"class":109},[49,45710,92],{"class":85},[49,45712,95],{"class":63},[49,45714,41771],{"class":67},[49,45716,95],{"class":63},[49,45718,103],{"class":85},[49,45720,45721,45723,45725,45727,45729,45731,45734,45736],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45722,2485],{"class":55},[49,45724,60],{"class":59},[49,45726,8151],{"class":109},[49,45728,92],{"class":85},[49,45730,95],{"class":63},[49,45732,45733],{"class":67},"Enter another number: ",[49,45735,95],{"class":63},[49,45737,103],{"class":85},[49,45739,45740,45742,45744,45746,45748,45750],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,45741,110],{"class":109},[49,45743,92],{"class":85},[49,45745,2457],{"class":88},[49,45747,1261],{"class":59},[49,45749,2462],{"class":88},[49,45751,103],{"class":85},[20,45753,41021,45754,380,45756,45758,45759,18874,45762,32],{},[15,45755,2407],{},[15,45757,2040],{},", the result is ",[15,45760,45761],{},"45",[15,45763,2048],{},[353,45765,45767,45768,45770,45771],{"id":45766},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45769,1010],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45772,2780],{},[20,45774,214],{},[40,45776,45778],{"className":42,"code":45777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45779,45780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45781,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790,45792,45794,45796,45798,45800],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45783,21538],{"class":55},[49,45785,60],{"class":59},[49,45787,45176],{"class":2804},[49,45789,92],{"class":85},[49,45791,42363],{"class":109},[49,45793,92],{"class":85},[49,45795,95],{"class":63},[49,45797,45080],{"class":67},[49,45799,95],{"class":63},[49,45801,1581],{"class":85},[20,45803,8180,45804,45807,45808,32],{},[15,45805,45806],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45809,1010],{},[20,45811,45812,45813,32],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[820,45814,45816],{"href":45815},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[353,45818,45820],{"id":45819},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45822,45823],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[40,45825,45827],{"className":42,"code":45826,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45828,45829,45847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45830,45831,45833,45835,45837,45839,45841,45843,45845],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45832,7785],{"class":55},[49,45834,60],{"class":59},[49,45836,8151],{"class":109},[49,45838,92],{"class":85},[49,45840,95],{"class":63},[49,45842,44786],{"class":67},[49,45844,95],{"class":63},[49,45846,103],{"class":85},[49,45848,45849,45851,45853,45855,45857,45859],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45850,110],{"class":109},[49,45852,92],{"class":85},[49,45854,1590],{"class":109},[49,45856,92],{"class":85},[49,45858,7575],{"class":88},[49,45860,1581],{"class":85},[20,45862,45863],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45865,45866,45867,1197],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45868,45869],{},".strip()",[40,45871,45873],{"className":42,"code":45872,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45874,45875,45897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45876,45877,45879,45881,45883,45885,45887,45889,45891,45893,45895],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45878,7785],{"class":55},[49,45880,60],{"class":59},[49,45882,8151],{"class":109},[49,45884,92],{"class":85},[49,45886,95],{"class":63},[49,45888,44786],{"class":67},[49,45890,95],{"class":63},[49,45892,8538],{"class":85},[49,45894,8541],{"class":88},[49,45896,8548],{"class":85},[49,45898,45899,45901,45903,45905],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45900,110],{"class":109},[49,45902,92],{"class":85},[49,45904,7575],{"class":88},[49,45906,103],{"class":85},[44816,45908],{},[181,45910,45912],{"id":45911},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45914,45915,45916,45918],{},"These habits make ",[15,45917,2861],{}," easier and safer to use.",[194,45920,45921,45924,45929,45932],{},[197,45922,45923],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[197,45925,35,45926,45928],{},[15,45927,45869],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[197,45930,45931],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[197,45933,35,45934,45936],{},[15,45935,29687],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45938,45939,45940,1197],{},"Example with ",[15,45941,45869],{},[40,45943,45945],{"className":42,"code":45944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45946,45947,45971],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,45948,45949,45952,45954,45956,45958,45960,45963,45965,45967,45969],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,45950,45951],{"class":55},"city ",[49,45953,60],{"class":59},[49,45955,8151],{"class":109},[49,45957,92],{"class":85},[49,45959,95],{"class":63},[49,45961,45962],{"class":67},"Enter your city: ",[49,45964,95],{"class":63},[49,45966,8538],{"class":85},[49,45968,8541],{"class":88},[49,45970,8548],{"class":85},[49,45972,45973,45975,45977,45979,45982,45984,45986,45988],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,45974,110],{"class":109},[49,45976,92],{"class":85},[49,45978,95],{"class":63},[49,45980,45981],{"class":67},"City:",[49,45983,95],{"class":63},[49,45985,341],{"class":85},[49,45987,31291],{"class":88},[49,45989,103],{"class":85},[20,45991,45939,45992,1197],{},[15,45993,29687],{},[40,45995,45997],{"className":42,"code":45996,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45998,45999,46005,46028,46060,46068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46000,46001,46003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46002,29709],{"class":1210},[49,46004,1226],{"class":85},[49,46006,46007,46010,46012,46014,46016,46018,46020,46022,46024,46026],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46008,46009],{"class":55},"    age ",[49,46011,60],{"class":59},[49,46013,45176],{"class":2804},[49,46015,92],{"class":85},[49,46017,42363],{"class":109},[49,46019,92],{"class":85},[49,46021,95],{"class":63},[49,46023,45080],{"class":67},[49,46025,95],{"class":63},[49,46027,1581],{"class":85},[49,46029,46030,46032,46034,46036,46039,46041,46043,46045,46047,46049,46051,46053,46056,46058],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46031,1273],{"class":109},[49,46033,92],{"class":85},[49,46035,95],{"class":63},[49,46037,46038],{"class":67},"You will be",[49,46040,95],{"class":63},[49,46042,341],{"class":85},[49,46044,45358],{"class":88},[49,46046,1261],{"class":59},[49,46048,1264],{"class":458},[49,46050,341],{"class":85},[49,46052,64],{"class":63},[49,46054,46055],{"class":67},"next year",[49,46057,95],{"class":63},[49,46059,103],{"class":85},[49,46061,46062,46064,46066],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,46063,29740],{"class":1210},[49,46065,41826],{"class":2804},[49,46067,1226],{"class":85},[49,46069,46070,46072,46074,46076,46079,46081],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,46071,1273],{"class":109},[49,46073,92],{"class":85},[49,46075,95],{"class":63},[49,46077,46078],{"class":67},"Please enter a whole number.",[49,46080,95],{"class":63},[49,46082,103],{"class":85},[20,46084,46085],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46087,46088,46089,32],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[820,46090,46092],{"href":46091},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44816,46094],{},[181,46096,1308],{"id":1307},[20,46098,46099,46100,1197],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46101,2861],{},[194,46103,46104,46111,46114,46117],{},[197,46105,46106,46107,634,46109],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46108,2780],{},[15,46110,2786],{},[197,46112,46113],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[197,46115,46116],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[197,46118,46119],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46121,31989],{},[40,46123,46125],{"className":42,"code":46124,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46126,46127,46137,46151],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46128,46129,46131,46133,46135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46130,110],{"class":109},[49,46132,92],{"class":85},[49,46134,338],{"class":88},[49,46136,103],{"class":85},[49,46138,46139,46141,46143,46145,46147,46149],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46140,110],{"class":109},[49,46142,92],{"class":85},[49,46144,3127],{"class":2804},[49,46146,92],{"class":85},[49,46148,338],{"class":88},[49,46150,1581],{"class":85},[49,46152,46153,46155,46157,46159,46161,46163],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46154,110],{"class":109},[49,46156,92],{"class":85},[49,46158,1590],{"class":109},[49,46160,92],{"class":85},[49,46162,338],{"class":88},[49,46164,1581],{"class":85},[20,46166,46167,46168,46170],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46169,2861],{}," actually returned:",[194,46172,46173,46178,46183],{},[197,46174,46175,46177],{},[15,46176,41727],{}," shows the value",[197,46179,46180,46182],{},[15,46181,41733],{}," shows the data type",[197,46184,46185,46187],{},[15,46186,41738],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46189,214],{},[40,46191,46193],{"className":42,"code":46192,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46194,46195,46214,46224,46238],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46196,46197,46199,46201,46203,46205,46207,46210,46212],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46198,2349],{"class":55},[49,46200,60],{"class":59},[49,46202,8151],{"class":109},[49,46204,92],{"class":85},[49,46206,95],{"class":63},[49,46208,46209],{"class":67},"Enter something: ",[49,46211,95],{"class":63},[49,46213,103],{"class":85},[49,46215,46216,46218,46220,46222],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46217,110],{"class":109},[49,46219,92],{"class":85},[49,46221,338],{"class":88},[49,46223,103],{"class":85},[49,46225,46226,46228,46230,46232,46234,46236],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46227,110],{"class":109},[49,46229,92],{"class":85},[49,46231,3127],{"class":2804},[49,46233,92],{"class":85},[49,46235,338],{"class":88},[49,46237,1581],{"class":85},[49,46239,46240,46242,46244,46246,46248,46250],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,46241,110],{"class":109},[49,46243,92],{"class":85},[49,46245,1590],{"class":109},[49,46247,92],{"class":85},[49,46249,338],{"class":88},[49,46251,1581],{"class":85},[44816,46253],{},[181,46255,1704],{"id":1703},[353,46257,1720,46259,46261],{"id":46258},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46260,2861],{}," return an integer?",[20,46263,46264,46265,46267,46268,39832],{},"No. ",[15,46266,2861],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46269,2780],{},[353,46271,46273,46274,2394],{"id":46272},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46275,2861],{},[20,46277,46278,46279,46281],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46280,2861],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[353,46283,5065,46285,46288,46289,2394],{"id":46284},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46286,46287],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46290,2861],{},[20,46292,28966,46293,46295,46296,42055,46298,46300],{},[15,46294,2861],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46297,45605],{},[15,46299,45609],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[353,46302,46304],{"id":46303},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46306,35,46307,46309,46310,32],{},[15,46308,45869],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46311,46312],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44816,46314],{},[181,46316,1775],{"id":1774},[194,46318,46319,46324,46328,46334,46340,46344],{},[197,46320,46321],{},[820,46322,46323],{"href":46091},"How to get user input in Python",[197,46325,46326],{},[820,46327,8963],{"href":8885},[197,46329,46330],{},[820,46331,3482,46332,3415],{"href":2777},[15,46333,2780],{},[197,46335,46336],{},[820,46337,3482,46338,3415],{"href":2783},[15,46339,2786],{},[197,46341,46342],{},[820,46343,45816],{"href":45815},[197,46345,46346],{},[820,46347,3482,46349,3415],{"href":46348},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46350,46351],{},"print()",[1834,46353,46354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":46356},[46357,46358,46360,46361,46363,46369,46377,46378,46379,46388],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":44820,"depth":74,"text":46359},"What input() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":45049,"depth":74,"text":46362},"What input() returns",{"id":45252,"depth":74,"text":45253,"children":46364},[46365,46366,46368],{"id":45256,"depth":106,"text":45257},{"id":45309,"depth":106,"text":46367},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45380,"depth":106,"text":45381},{"id":45614,"depth":74,"text":45615,"children":46370},[46371,46373,46374,46376],{"id":45623,"depth":106,"text":46372},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45691,"depth":106,"text":45692},{"id":45766,"depth":106,"text":46375},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45819,"depth":106,"text":45820},{"id":45911,"depth":74,"text":45912},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":46380},[46381,46383,46385,46387],{"id":46258,"depth":106,"text":46382},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46272,"depth":106,"text":46384},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46284,"depth":106,"text":46386},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46303,"depth":106,"text":46304},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42094,"description":46389},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46396,"title":41996,"body":46397,"description":48710,"extension":1866,"meta":48711,"navigation":128,"path":48712,"seo":48713,"stem":48714,"__hash__":48715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46398,"toc":48662},[46399,46404,46409,46414,46435,46438,46440,46500,46502,46521,46526,46531,46536,46538,46551,46553,46636,46638,46679,46685,46687,46717,46723,46726,46743,46745,46797,46799,46817,46823,46829,46832,46850,46852,46925,46927,46946,46953,46959,46964,46967,47027,47029,47048,47051,47054,47069,47075,47079,47140,47142,47163,47167,47296,47298,47428,47438,47444,47450,47458,47524,47526,47551,47554,47571,47584,47590,47593,47626,47628,47641,47644,47687,47689,47697,47704,47708,47715,47719,47746,47748,47756,47762,47779,47784,47788,47815,47817,47825,47829,47834,47837,47863,47866,47875,47883,47887,47897,47901,47904,47906,47957,47959,47989,47999,48026,48028,48036,48046,48050,48053,48055,48103,48105,48149,48155,48206,48208,48227,48232,48237,48240,48259,48262,48314,48316,48325,48327,48331,48335,48338,48347,48354,48356,48383,48387,48389,48398,48401,48408,48414,48474,48478,48480,48488,48491,48517,48523,48526,48546,48548,48557,48565,48567,48573,48578,48585,48595,48601,48609,48613,48616,48618,48659],[10,46400,3482,46402,3486],{"id":46401},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46403,2780],{},[20,46405,32224,46406,46408],{},[15,46407,2780],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46410,1139,46411,46413],{},[15,46412,2780],{}," when they want to:",[194,46415,46416,46426,46429,46432],{},[197,46417,46418,46419,46422,46423],{},"turn text like ",[15,46420,46421],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46424,46425],{},"42",[197,46427,46428],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[197,46430,46431],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[197,46433,46434],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46436,46437],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[181,46439,1907],{"id":1906},[40,46441,46443],{"className":42,"code":46442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46444,46445,46463,46477],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46446,46447,46449,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459,46461],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46448,110],{"class":109},[49,46450,92],{"class":85},[49,46452,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46454,92],{"class":85},[49,46456,95],{"class":63},[49,46458,46425],{"class":67},[49,46460,95],{"class":63},[49,46462,1581],{"class":85},[49,46464,46465,46467,46469,46471,46473,46475],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46466,110],{"class":109},[49,46468,92],{"class":85},[49,46470,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46472,92],{"class":85},[49,46474,41884],{"class":458},[49,46476,1581],{"class":85},[49,46478,46479,46481,46483,46485,46487,46489,46492,46494,46496,46498],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46480,110],{"class":109},[49,46482,92],{"class":85},[49,46484,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46486,92],{"class":85},[49,46488,95],{"class":63},[49,46490,46491],{"class":67},"101",[49,46493,95],{"class":63},[49,46495,341],{"class":85},[49,46497,2896],{"class":458},[49,46499,1581],{"class":85},[20,46501,1974],{},[40,46503,46505],{"className":42,"code":46504,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46506,46507,46512,46517],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46508,46509],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46510,46511],{"class":458},"42\n",[49,46513,46514],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46515,46516],{"class":458},"3\n",[49,46518,46519],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46520,2850],{"class":458},[20,46522,35,46523,46525],{},[15,46524,2780],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[181,46527,184,46529,187],{"id":46528},"what-int-does",[15,46530,2780],{},[20,46532,46533,46535],{},[15,46534,2780],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46537,12960],{},[194,46539,46540,46545,46548],{},[197,46541,46542,46543,7246],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46544,2090],{},[197,46546,46547],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[197,46549,46550],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46552,214],{},[40,46554,46556],{"className":42,"code":46555,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46557,46558,46570,46584,46588,46598,46608,46622],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46559,46560,46562,46564,46566,46568],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46561,56],{"class":55},[49,46563,60],{"class":59},[49,46565,64],{"class":63},[49,46567,9099],{"class":67},[49,46569,71],{"class":63},[49,46571,46572,46574,46576,46578,46580,46582],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46573,2119],{"class":55},[49,46575,60],{"class":59},[49,46577,45176],{"class":2804},[49,46579,92],{"class":85},[49,46581,245],{"class":88},[49,46583,103],{"class":85},[49,46585,46586],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46587,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,46589,46590,46592,46594,46596],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,46591,110],{"class":109},[49,46593,92],{"class":85},[49,46595,245],{"class":88},[49,46597,103],{"class":85},[49,46599,46600,46602,46604,46606],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,46601,110],{"class":109},[49,46603,92],{"class":85},[49,46605,2141],{"class":88},[49,46607,103],{"class":85},[49,46609,46610,46612,46614,46616,46618,46620],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,46611,110],{"class":109},[49,46613,92],{"class":85},[49,46615,3127],{"class":2804},[49,46617,92],{"class":85},[49,46619,245],{"class":88},[49,46621,1581],{"class":85},[49,46623,46624,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,46625,110],{"class":109},[49,46627,92],{"class":85},[49,46629,3127],{"class":2804},[49,46631,92],{"class":85},[49,46633,2141],{"class":88},[49,46635,1581],{"class":85},[20,46637,1974],{},[40,46639,46641],{"className":42,"code":46640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46642,46643,46647,46651,46665],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46644,46645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46646,2612],{"class":458},[49,46648,46649],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46650,2612],{"class":458},[49,46652,46653,46655,46657,46659,46661,46663],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46654,3196],{"class":59},[49,46656,3199],{"class":1968},[49,46658,3202],{"class":63},[49,46660,3349],{"class":67},[49,46662,1573],{"class":63},[49,46664,3209],{"class":59},[49,46666,46667,46669,46671,46673,46675,46677],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,46668,3196],{"class":59},[49,46670,3199],{"class":1968},[49,46672,3202],{"class":63},[49,46674,2090],{"class":67},[49,46676,1573],{"class":63},[49,46678,3209],{"class":59},[20,46680,46681,46682,46684],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46683,2780],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[181,46686,316],{"id":315},[40,46688,46690],{"className":42,"code":46689,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46691,46692,46702],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46693,46694,46696,46698,46700],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46695,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46697,92],{"class":85},[49,46699,283],{"class":88},[49,46701,103],{"class":85},[49,46703,46704,46706,46708,46710,46712,46715],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46705,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46707,92],{"class":85},[49,46709,283],{"class":88},[49,46711,341],{"class":85},[49,46713,46714],{"class":88}," base",[49,46716,103],{"class":85},[353,46718,46720],{"id":46719},"intx",[15,46721,46722],{},"int(x)",[20,46724,46725],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[194,46727,46728,46733,46738],{},[197,46729,46730,46731],{},"a string such as ",[15,46732,42026],{},[197,46734,46735,46736],{},"a float such as ",[15,46737,41884],{},[197,46739,46740,46741],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46742,633],{},[20,46744,214],{},[40,46746,46748],{"className":42,"code":46747,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46749,46750,46768,46783],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46751,46752,46754,46756,46758,46760,46762,46764,46766],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46753,110],{"class":109},[49,46755,92],{"class":85},[49,46757,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46759,92],{"class":85},[49,46761,95],{"class":63},[49,46763,2233],{"class":67},[49,46765,95],{"class":63},[49,46767,1581],{"class":85},[49,46769,46770,46772,46774,46776,46778,46781],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46771,110],{"class":109},[49,46773,92],{"class":85},[49,46775,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46777,92],{"class":85},[49,46779,46780],{"class":458},"8.7",[49,46782,1581],{"class":85},[49,46784,46785,46787,46789,46791,46793,46795],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46786,110],{"class":109},[49,46788,92],{"class":85},[49,46790,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46792,92],{"class":85},[49,46794,633],{"class":3757},[49,46796,1581],{"class":85},[20,46798,1974],{},[40,46800,46802],{"className":42,"code":46801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46803,46804,46808,46812],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46805,46806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46807,2279],{"class":458},[49,46809,46810],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46811,2284],{"class":458},[49,46813,46814],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46815,46816],{"class":458},"1\n",[353,46818,46820],{"id":46819},"intx-base",[15,46821,46822],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46824,46825,46826,46828],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46827,283],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46830,46831],{},"Common bases:",[194,46833,46834,46839,46844],{},[197,46835,46836,46838],{},[15,46837,312],{}," for binary",[197,46840,46841,46843],{},[15,46842,2248],{}," for octal",[197,46845,46846,46849],{},[15,46847,46848],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46851,214],{},[40,46853,46855],{"className":42,"code":46854,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46856,46857,46879,46902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46858,46859,46861,46863,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873,46875,46877],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46860,110],{"class":109},[49,46862,92],{"class":85},[49,46864,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46866,92],{"class":85},[49,46868,95],{"class":63},[49,46870,46491],{"class":67},[49,46872,95],{"class":63},[49,46874,341],{"class":85},[49,46876,2896],{"class":458},[49,46878,1581],{"class":85},[49,46880,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889,46891,46894,46896,46898,46900],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46882,110],{"class":109},[49,46884,92],{"class":85},[49,46886,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46888,92],{"class":85},[49,46890,95],{"class":63},[49,46892,46893],{"class":67},"17",[49,46895,95],{"class":63},[49,46897,341],{"class":85},[49,46899,6267],{"class":458},[49,46901,1581],{"class":85},[49,46903,46904,46906,46908,46910,46912,46914,46917,46919,46921,46923],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46905,110],{"class":109},[49,46907,92],{"class":85},[49,46909,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46911,92],{"class":85},[49,46913,95],{"class":63},[49,46915,46916],{"class":67},"1A",[49,46918,95],{"class":63},[49,46920,341],{"class":85},[49,46922,13897],{"class":458},[49,46924,1581],{"class":85},[20,46926,1974],{},[40,46928,46930],{"className":42,"code":46929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46931,46932,46936,46941],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46933,46934],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46935,2850],{"class":458},[49,46937,46938],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46939,46940],{"class":458},"15\n",[49,46942,46943],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,46944,46945],{"class":458},"26\n",[20,46947,46948,46949,32],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[820,46950,46951,2205],{"href":2783},[15,46952,2786],{},[181,46954,644,46956,46958],{"id":46955},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46957,2780],{}," with strings",[20,46960,46961,46963],{},[15,46962,2780],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46965,46966],{},"Examples that work:",[40,46968,46970],{"className":42,"code":46969,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46971,46972,46990,47008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,46973,46974,46976,46978,46980,46982,46984,46986,46988],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,46975,110],{"class":109},[49,46977,92],{"class":85},[49,46979,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46981,92],{"class":85},[49,46983,95],{"class":63},[49,46985,2040],{"class":67},[49,46987,95],{"class":63},[49,46989,1581],{"class":85},[49,46991,46992,46994,46996,46998,47000,47002,47004,47006],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,46993,110],{"class":109},[49,46995,92],{"class":85},[49,46997,2090],{"class":2804},[49,46999,92],{"class":85},[49,47001,95],{"class":63},[49,47003,2194],{"class":67},[49,47005,95],{"class":63},[49,47007,1581],{"class":85},[49,47009,47010,47012,47014,47016,47018,47020,47023,47025],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47011,110],{"class":109},[49,47013,92],{"class":85},[49,47015,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47017,92],{"class":85},[49,47019,95],{"class":63},[49,47021,47022],{"class":67},"  42  ",[49,47024,95],{"class":63},[49,47026,1581],{"class":85},[20,47028,1974],{},[40,47030,47032],{"className":42,"code":47031,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47033,47034,47038,47044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47035,47036],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47037,2850],{"class":458},[49,47039,47040,47042],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47041,1926],{"class":59},[49,47043,2126],{"class":458},[49,47045,47046],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47047,46511],{"class":458},[20,47049,47050],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47052,47053],{},"Examples that fail:",[40,47055,47057],{"className":42,"code":47056,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47058,47059,47064],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47060,47061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47062,47063],{"class":121},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[49,47065,47066],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47067,47068],{"class":121},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47070,47071,47072,47074],{},"These raise ",[15,47073,1010],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[353,47076,47078],{"id":47077},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[40,47080,47082],{"className":42,"code":47081,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47083,47084,47102,47121],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47085,47086,47088,47090,47092,47094,47096,47098,47100],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47087,110],{"class":109},[49,47089,92],{"class":85},[49,47091,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47093,92],{"class":85},[49,47095,95],{"class":63},[49,47097,516],{"class":67},[49,47099,95],{"class":63},[49,47101,1581],{"class":85},[49,47103,47104,47106,47108,47110,47112,47114,47117,47119],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47105,110],{"class":109},[49,47107,92],{"class":85},[49,47109,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47111,92],{"class":85},[49,47113,95],{"class":63},[49,47115,47116],{"class":67},"+7",[49,47118,95],{"class":63},[49,47120,1581],{"class":85},[49,47122,47123,47125,47127,47129,47131,47133,47136,47138],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47124,110],{"class":109},[49,47126,92],{"class":85},[49,47128,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47130,92],{"class":85},[49,47132,95],{"class":63},[49,47134,47135],{"class":67},"-100",[49,47137,95],{"class":63},[49,47139,1581],{"class":85},[20,47141,1974],{},[40,47143,47145],{"className":42,"code":47144,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47146,47147,47152,47156],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47148,47149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47150,47151],{"class":458},"0\n",[49,47153,47154],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47155,1984],{"class":458},[49,47157,47158,47160],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47159,1926],{"class":59},[49,47161,47162],{"class":458},"100\n",[353,47164,47166],{"id":47165},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[40,47168,47170],{"className":42,"code":47169,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47171,47172,47210,47214,47226,47233,47248,47263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47173,47174,47176,47178,47180,47182,47184,47186,47188,47190,47193,47195,47197,47199,47201,47203,47206,47208],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47175,3729],{"class":55},[49,47177,60],{"class":59},[49,47179,3530],{"class":85},[49,47181,95],{"class":63},[49,47183,40046],{"class":67},[49,47185,95],{"class":63},[49,47187,341],{"class":85},[49,47189,64],{"class":63},[49,47191,47192],{"class":67},"12abc",[49,47194,95],{"class":63},[49,47196,341],{"class":85},[49,47198,6033],{"class":63},[49,47200,341],{"class":85},[49,47202,64],{"class":63},[49,47204,47205],{"class":67},"seven",[49,47207,95],{"class":63},[49,47209,1244],{"class":85},[49,47211,47212],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47213,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,47215,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47217,5865],{"class":1210},[49,47219,21494],{"class":55},[49,47221,3788],{"class":1210},[49,47223,3791],{"class":55},[49,47225,1226],{"class":85},[49,47227,47228,47231],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,47229,47230],{"class":1210},"    try",[49,47232,1226],{"class":85},[49,47234,47235,47238,47240,47242,47244,47246],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,47236,47237],{"class":109},"        print",[49,47239,92],{"class":85},[49,47241,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47243,92],{"class":85},[49,47245,338],{"class":88},[49,47247,1581],{"class":85},[49,47249,47250,47253,47255,47258,47261],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,47251,47252],{"class":1210},"    except",[49,47254,41826],{"class":2804},[49,47256,47257],{"class":1210}," as",[49,47259,47260],{"class":55}," error",[49,47262,1226],{"class":85},[49,47264,47265,47267,47269,47271,47273,47275,47277,47280,47282,47285,47287,47290,47292,47294],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,47266,47237],{"class":109},[49,47268,92],{"class":85},[49,47270,22203],{"class":1968},[49,47272,95],{"class":67},[49,47274,9184],{"class":458},[49,47276,338],{"class":88},[49,47278,47279],{"class":1968},"!r",[49,47281,22212],{"class":458},[49,47283,47284],{"class":67}," -> ",[49,47286,9184],{"class":458},[49,47288,47289],{"class":88},"error",[49,47291,22212],{"class":458},[49,47293,95],{"class":67},[49,47295,103],{"class":85},[20,47297,1974],{},[40,47299,47301],{"className":42,"code":47300,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47302,47303,47339,47371,47396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47304,47305,47307,47309,47311,47314,47317,47319,47321,47323,47326,47329,47331,47333,47335,47337],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47306,1573],{"class":43228},[49,47308,40046],{"class":43232},[49,47310,1573],{"class":43228},[49,47312,47313],{"class":37271}," ->",[49,47315,47316],{"class":55}," invalid literal ",[49,47318,5865],{"class":1210},[49,47320,45176],{"class":2804},[49,47322,7272],{"class":85},[49,47324,47325],{"class":1210}," with",[49,47327,47328],{"class":55}," base ",[49,47330,2233],{"class":458},[49,47332,1197],{"class":85},[49,47334,3202],{"class":63},[49,47336,40046],{"class":67},[49,47338,29605],{"class":63},[49,47340,47341,47343,47345,47347,47349,47351,47353,47355,47357,47359,47361,47363,47365,47367,47369],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47342,1573],{"class":63},[49,47344,47192],{"class":67},[49,47346,1573],{"class":63},[49,47348,47313],{"class":37271},[49,47350,47316],{"class":55},[49,47352,5865],{"class":1210},[49,47354,45176],{"class":2804},[49,47356,7272],{"class":85},[49,47358,47325],{"class":1210},[49,47360,47328],{"class":55},[49,47362,2233],{"class":458},[49,47364,1197],{"class":85},[49,47366,3202],{"class":63},[49,47368,47192],{"class":67},[49,47370,29605],{"class":63},[49,47372,47373,47375,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47374,3679],{"class":63},[49,47376,47313],{"class":37271},[49,47378,47316],{"class":55},[49,47380,5865],{"class":1210},[49,47382,45176],{"class":2804},[49,47384,7272],{"class":85},[49,47386,47325],{"class":1210},[49,47388,47328],{"class":55},[49,47390,2233],{"class":458},[49,47392,1197],{"class":85},[49,47394,47395],{"class":63}," ''\n",[49,47397,47398,47400,47402,47404,47406,47408,47410,47412,47414,47416,47418,47420,47422,47424,47426],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,47399,1573],{"class":63},[49,47401,47205],{"class":67},[49,47403,1573],{"class":63},[49,47405,47313],{"class":37271},[49,47407,47316],{"class":55},[49,47409,5865],{"class":1210},[49,47411,45176],{"class":2804},[49,47413,7272],{"class":85},[49,47415,47325],{"class":1210},[49,47417,47328],{"class":55},[49,47419,2233],{"class":458},[49,47421,1197],{"class":85},[49,47423,3202],{"class":63},[49,47425,47205],{"class":67},[49,47427,29605],{"class":63},[20,47429,47430,47431,47433,47434,32],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[820,47432,8886],{"href":8885}," and the ",[820,47435,47436,2205],{"href":8128},[15,47437,2861],{},[181,47439,644,47441,47443],{"id":47440},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47442,2780],{}," with floats",[20,47445,47446,47447,47449],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47448,2780],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47451,47452,47453,13963,47455,47457],{},"Important: ",[15,47454,2780],{},[666,47456,4536],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[40,47459,47461],{"className":42,"code":47460,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47462,47463,47477,47492,47508],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47464,47465,47467,47469,47471,47473,47475],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47466,110],{"class":109},[49,47468,92],{"class":85},[49,47470,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47472,92],{"class":85},[49,47474,41884],{"class":458},[49,47476,1581],{"class":85},[49,47478,47479,47481,47483,47485,47487,47490],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47480,110],{"class":109},[49,47482,92],{"class":85},[49,47484,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47486,92],{"class":85},[49,47488,47489],{"class":458},"3.1",[49,47491,1581],{"class":85},[49,47493,47494,47496,47498,47500,47502,47504,47506],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47495,110],{"class":109},[49,47497,92],{"class":85},[49,47499,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47501,92],{"class":85},[49,47503,1926],{"class":59},[49,47505,41884],{"class":458},[49,47507,1581],{"class":85},[49,47509,47510,47512,47514,47516,47518,47520,47522],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,47511,110],{"class":109},[49,47513,92],{"class":85},[49,47515,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47517,92],{"class":85},[49,47519,1926],{"class":59},[49,47521,47489],{"class":458},[49,47523,1581],{"class":85},[20,47525,1974],{},[40,47527,47529],{"className":42,"code":47528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47530,47531,47535,47539,47545],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47532,47533],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47534,46516],{"class":458},[49,47536,47537],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47538,46516],{"class":458},[49,47540,47541,47543],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47542,1926],{"class":59},[49,47544,46516],{"class":458},[49,47546,47547,47549],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,47548,1926],{"class":59},[49,47550,46516],{"class":458},[20,47552,47553],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[194,47555,47556,47563],{},[197,47557,47558,42055,47561],{},[15,47559,47560],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47562,1965],{},[197,47564,47565,42055,47568],{},[15,47566,47567],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47569,47570],{},"-3",[20,47572,47573,47574,47578,47579,32],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[820,47575,47576],{"href":2783},[15,47577,2786],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[820,47580,47581],{"href":42075},[15,47582,47583],{},"str()",[181,47585,644,47587,47589],{"id":47586},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47588,2780],{}," with booleans",[20,47591,47592],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[40,47594,47596],{"className":42,"code":47595,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47597,47598,47612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47599,47600,47602,47604,47606,47608,47610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47601,110],{"class":109},[49,47603,92],{"class":85},[49,47605,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47607,92],{"class":85},[49,47609,633],{"class":3757},[49,47611,1581],{"class":85},[49,47613,47614,47616,47618,47620,47622,47624],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47615,110],{"class":109},[49,47617,92],{"class":85},[49,47619,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47621,92],{"class":85},[49,47623,637],{"class":3757},[49,47625,1581],{"class":85},[20,47627,1974],{},[40,47629,47631],{"className":42,"code":47630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n0\n",[15,47632,47633,47637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47634,47635],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47636,46816],{"class":458},[49,47638,47639],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47640,47151],{"class":458},[20,47642,47643],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[40,47645,47647],{"className":42,"code":47646,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47648,47649,47658,47673,47677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47650,47651,47654,47656],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47652,47653],{"class":55},"passed ",[49,47655,60],{"class":59},[49,47657,6329],{"class":3757},[49,47659,47660,47662,47664,47666,47668,47671],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47661,41083],{"class":55},[49,47663,60],{"class":59},[49,47665,45176],{"class":2804},[49,47667,92],{"class":85},[49,47669,47670],{"class":88},"passed",[49,47672,103],{"class":85},[49,47674,47675],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47676,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,47678,47679,47681,47683,47685],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,47680,110],{"class":109},[49,47682,92],{"class":85},[49,47684,41112],{"class":88},[49,47686,103],{"class":85},[20,47688,1974],{},[40,47690,47691],{"className":42,"code":46816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47692,47693],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47694,47695],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47696,46816],{"class":458},[20,47698,47699,47700,32],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[820,47701,47702,2205],{"href":5687},[15,47703,3719],{},[181,47705,47707],{"id":47706},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47709,47710,47711,47714],{},"Use the ",[15,47712,47713],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[353,47716,47718],{"id":47717},"binary-example","Binary example",[40,47720,47722],{"className":42,"code":47721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47723,47724],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47725,47726,47728,47730,47732,47734,47736,47738,47740,47742,47744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47727,110],{"class":109},[49,47729,92],{"class":85},[49,47731,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47733,92],{"class":85},[49,47735,95],{"class":63},[49,47737,46491],{"class":67},[49,47739,95],{"class":63},[49,47741,341],{"class":85},[49,47743,2896],{"class":458},[49,47745,1581],{"class":85},[20,47747,1974],{},[40,47749,47750],{"className":42,"code":2850,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47751,47752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47753,47754],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47755,2850],{"class":458},[20,47757,47758,47761],{},[15,47759,47760],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[194,47763,47764,47769,47774],{},[197,47765,47766],{},[15,47767,47768],{},"1 × 4",[197,47770,47771],{},[15,47772,47773],{},"0 × 2",[197,47775,47776],{},[15,47777,47778],{},"1 × 1",[20,47780,47781,47782,32],{},"So the result is ",[15,47783,2040],{},[353,47785,47787],{"id":47786},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[40,47789,47791],{"className":42,"code":47790,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47792,47793],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47794,47795,47797,47799,47801,47803,47805,47807,47809,47811,47813],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47796,110],{"class":109},[49,47798,92],{"class":85},[49,47800,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47802,92],{"class":85},[49,47804,95],{"class":63},[49,47806,46916],{"class":67},[49,47808,95],{"class":63},[49,47810,341],{"class":85},[49,47812,13897],{"class":458},[49,47814,1581],{"class":85},[20,47816,1974],{},[40,47818,47819],{"className":42,"code":46945,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47820,47821],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47822,47823],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47824,46945],{"class":458},[353,47826,47828],{"id":47827},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47830,661,47831,47833],{},[15,47832,47713],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47835,47836],{},"Good:",[40,47838,47839],{"className":42,"code":47721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,47840,47841],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47842,47843,47845,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855,47857,47859,47861],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47844,110],{"class":109},[49,47846,92],{"class":85},[49,47848,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47850,92],{"class":85},[49,47852,95],{"class":63},[49,47854,46491],{"class":67},[49,47856,95],{"class":63},[49,47858,341],{"class":85},[49,47860,2896],{"class":458},[49,47862,1581],{"class":85},[20,47864,47865],{},"Not correct:",[40,47867,47869],{"className":42,"code":47868,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47870,47871],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47872,47873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47874,47868],{"class":121},[20,47876,47877,47878,8508,47880,47882],{},"That causes a ",[15,47879,2909],{},[15,47881,47713],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[181,47884,47886],{"id":47885},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47888,47889,47890,47892,47893,380,47895,32],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47891,2780],{}," are ",[15,47894,1010],{},[15,47896,2909],{},[353,47898,47899],{"id":41414},[15,47900,1010],{},[20,47902,47903],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47905,214],{},[40,47907,47909],{"className":42,"code":47908,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47910,47911,47917,47935,47947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47912,47913,47915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47914,29709],{"class":1210},[49,47916,1226],{"class":85},[49,47918,47919,47921,47923,47925,47927,47929,47931,47933],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,47920,1273],{"class":109},[49,47922,92],{"class":85},[49,47924,2090],{"class":2804},[49,47926,92],{"class":85},[49,47928,95],{"class":63},[49,47930,40046],{"class":67},[49,47932,95],{"class":63},[49,47934,1581],{"class":85},[49,47936,47937,47939,47941,47943,47945],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,47938,29740],{"class":1210},[49,47940,41826],{"class":2804},[49,47942,47257],{"class":1210},[49,47944,47260],{"class":55},[49,47946,1226],{"class":85},[49,47948,47949,47951,47953,47955],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,47950,1273],{"class":109},[49,47952,92],{"class":85},[49,47954,47289],{"class":88},[49,47956,103],{"class":85},[20,47958,1974],{},[40,47960,47962],{"className":42,"code":47961,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47963,47964],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,47965,47966,47969,47971,47973,47975,47977,47979,47981,47983,47985,47987],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,47967,47968],{"class":55},"invalid literal ",[49,47970,5865],{"class":1210},[49,47972,45176],{"class":2804},[49,47974,7272],{"class":85},[49,47976,47325],{"class":1210},[49,47978,47328],{"class":55},[49,47980,2233],{"class":458},[49,47982,1197],{"class":85},[49,47984,3202],{"class":63},[49,47986,40046],{"class":67},[49,47988,29605],{"class":63},[20,47990,47991,47992,47995,47996,47998],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47993,47994],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47997,2780],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[40,48000,48002],{"className":42,"code":48001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48003,48004],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48005,48006,48008,48010,48012,48014,48016,48018,48020,48022,48024],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48007,110],{"class":109},[49,48009,92],{"class":85},[49,48011,2090],{"class":2804},[49,48013,92],{"class":85},[49,48015,2094],{"class":2804},[49,48017,92],{"class":85},[49,48019,95],{"class":63},[49,48021,40046],{"class":67},[49,48023,95],{"class":63},[49,48025,2815],{"class":85},[20,48027,1974],{},[40,48029,48030],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48031,48032],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48033,48034],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48035,46516],{"class":458},[20,48037,48038,48039,380,48042,32],{},"If you see this often, read ",[820,48040,48041],{"href":2865},"how to convert string to int in Python",[820,48043,1129,48044],{"href":45815},[15,48045,45816],{},[353,48047,48048],{"id":41480},[15,48049,2909],{},[20,48051,48052],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48054,214],{},[40,48056,48058],{"className":42,"code":48057,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48059,48060,48066,48080,48093],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48061,48062,48064],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48063,29709],{"class":1210},[49,48065,1226],{"class":85},[49,48067,48068,48070,48072,48074,48076,48078],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,48069,1273],{"class":109},[49,48071,92],{"class":85},[49,48073,2090],{"class":2804},[49,48075,92],{"class":85},[49,48077,3684],{"class":3757},[49,48079,1581],{"class":85},[49,48081,48082,48084,48087,48089,48091],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,48083,29740],{"class":1210},[49,48085,48086],{"class":2804}," TypeError",[49,48088,47257],{"class":1210},[49,48090,47260],{"class":55},[49,48092,1226],{"class":85},[49,48094,48095,48097,48099,48101],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,48096,1273],{"class":109},[49,48098,92],{"class":85},[49,48100,47289],{"class":88},[49,48102,103],{"class":85},[20,48104,1974],{},[40,48106,48108],{"className":42,"code":48107,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48109,48110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48111,48112,48114,48116,48119,48121,48123,48126,48128,48131,48133,48136,48138,48140,48142,48144,48147],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48113,2090],{"class":2804},[49,48115,7272],{"class":85},[49,48117,48118],{"class":55}," argument must be a string",[49,48120,341],{"class":85},[49,48122,44444],{"class":55},[49,48124,48125],{"class":2804},"bytes",[49,48127,1926],{"class":59},[49,48129,48130],{"class":55},"like ",[49,48132,42299],{"class":2804},[49,48134,48135],{"class":59}," or",[49,48137,40742],{"class":55},[49,48139,341],{"class":85},[49,48141,8008],{"class":59},[49,48143,3202],{"class":63},[49,48145,48146],{"class":67},"NoneType",[49,48148,29605],{"class":63},[20,48150,48151,48152,48154],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48153,47713],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[40,48156,48158],{"className":42,"code":48157,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48159,48160,48166,48184,48196],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48161,48162,48164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48163,29709],{"class":1210},[49,48165,1226],{"class":85},[49,48167,48168,48170,48172,48174,48176,48178,48180,48182],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,48169,1273],{"class":109},[49,48171,92],{"class":85},[49,48173,2090],{"class":2804},[49,48175,92],{"class":85},[49,48177,46491],{"class":458},[49,48179,341],{"class":85},[49,48181,2896],{"class":458},[49,48183,1581],{"class":85},[49,48185,48186,48188,48190,48192,48194],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,48187,29740],{"class":1210},[49,48189,48086],{"class":2804},[49,48191,47257],{"class":1210},[49,48193,47260],{"class":55},[49,48195,1226],{"class":85},[49,48197,48198,48200,48202,48204],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,48199,1273],{"class":109},[49,48201,92],{"class":85},[49,48203,47289],{"class":88},[49,48205,103],{"class":85},[20,48207,1974],{},[40,48209,48211],{"className":42,"code":48210,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48212,48213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48214,48215,48217,48219,48222,48224],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48216,2090],{"class":2804},[49,48218,7272],{"class":85},[49,48220,48221],{"class":55}," can",[49,48223,1573],{"class":63},[49,48225,48226],{"class":67},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[181,48228,4868,48230],{"id":48229},"when-to-use-int",[15,48231,2780],{},[20,48233,35,48234,48236],{},[15,48235,2780],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48238,48239],{},"Common uses:",[194,48241,48242,48248,48251,48254],{},[197,48243,48244,48245,48247],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48246,2861],{}," into integers",[197,48249,48250],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[197,48252,48253],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[197,48255,48256,48257,36520],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48258,47713],{},[20,48260,48261],{},"Example with user input:",[40,48263,48265],{"className":42,"code":48264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48266,48267,48281,48296,48300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48268,48269,48272,48274,48276,48279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48270,48271],{"class":55},"age_text ",[49,48273,60],{"class":59},[49,48275,64],{"class":63},[49,48277,48278],{"class":67},"18",[49,48280,71],{"class":63},[49,48282,48283,48285,48287,48289,48291,48294],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,48284,21538],{"class":55},[49,48286,60],{"class":59},[49,48288,45176],{"class":2804},[49,48290,92],{"class":85},[49,48292,48293],{"class":88},"age_text",[49,48295,103],{"class":85},[49,48297,48298],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,48299,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,48301,48302,48304,48306,48308,48310,48312],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,48303,110],{"class":109},[49,48305,92],{"class":85},[49,48307,21538],{"class":88},[49,48309,1261],{"class":59},[49,48311,1264],{"class":458},[49,48313,103],{"class":85},[20,48315,1974],{},[40,48317,48319],{"className":42,"code":48318,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"19\n",[15,48320,48321],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48322,48323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48324,48318],{"class":458},[181,48326,1308],{"id":1307},[20,48328,14643,48329,32],{},[15,48330,2780],{},[353,48332,48334],{"id":48333},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48336,48337],{},"This fails:",[40,48339,48341],{"className":42,"code":48340,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48342,48343],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48344,48345],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48346,48340],{"class":121},[20,48348,48349,48350,48353],{},"Why: ",[15,48351,48352],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48355,18751],{},[40,48357,48359],{"className":42,"code":48358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48360,48361],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48362,48363,48365,48367,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377,48379,48381],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48364,110],{"class":109},[49,48366,92],{"class":85},[49,48368,2090],{"class":2804},[49,48370,92],{"class":85},[49,48372,2094],{"class":2804},[49,48374,92],{"class":85},[49,48376,95],{"class":63},[49,48378,41024],{"class":67},[49,48380,95],{"class":63},[49,48382,2815],{"class":85},[353,48384,48386],{"id":48385},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48388,48337],{},[40,48390,48392],{"className":42,"code":48391,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48393,48394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48395,48396],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48397,48391],{"class":121},[20,48399,48400],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[353,48402,48404,48405],{"id":48403},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48406,48407],{},"int(None)",[20,48409,48410,48411,48413],{},"This fails because ",[15,48412,3684],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[40,48415,48417],{"className":42,"code":48416,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48418,48419,48428,48432,48438,48452,48464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48420,48421,48423,48425],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48422,2349],{"class":55},[49,48424,60],{"class":59},[49,48426,48427],{"class":3757}," None\n",[49,48429,48430],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,48431,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,48433,48434,48436],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,48435,29709],{"class":1210},[49,48437,1226],{"class":85},[49,48439,48440,48442,48444,48446,48448,48450],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,48441,1273],{"class":109},[49,48443,92],{"class":85},[49,48445,2090],{"class":2804},[49,48447,92],{"class":85},[49,48449,338],{"class":88},[49,48451,1581],{"class":85},[49,48453,48454,48456,48458,48460,48462],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,48455,29740],{"class":1210},[49,48457,48086],{"class":2804},[49,48459,47257],{"class":1210},[49,48461,47260],{"class":55},[49,48463,1226],{"class":85},[49,48465,48466,48468,48470,48472],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,48467,1273],{"class":109},[49,48469,92],{"class":85},[49,48471,47289],{"class":88},[49,48473,103],{"class":85},[353,48475,48477],{"id":48476},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48479,48337],{},[40,48481,48482],{"className":42,"code":47868,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48483,48484],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48485,48486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48487,47868],{"class":121},[20,48489,48490],{},"Use a string instead:",[40,48492,48493],{"className":42,"code":47721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48494,48495],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48496,48497,48499,48501,48503,48505,48507,48509,48511,48513,48515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48498,110],{"class":109},[49,48500,92],{"class":85},[49,48502,2090],{"class":2804},[49,48504,92],{"class":85},[49,48506,95],{"class":63},[49,48508,46491],{"class":67},[49,48510,95],{"class":63},[49,48512,341],{"class":85},[49,48514,2896],{"class":458},[49,48516,1581],{"class":85},[353,48518,1318,48520,48522],{"id":48519},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48521,2780],{}," to round",[20,48524,48525],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[40,48527,48529],{"className":42,"code":48528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48530,48531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48532,48533,48535,48537,48539,48541,48544],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48534,110],{"class":109},[49,48536,92],{"class":85},[49,48538,2090],{"class":2804},[49,48540,92],{"class":85},[49,48542,48543],{"class":458},"4.9",[49,48545,1581],{"class":85},[20,48547,1974],{},[40,48549,48551],{"className":42,"code":48550,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4\n",[15,48552,48553],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48554,48555],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48556,48550],{"class":458},[20,48558,3074,48559,48561,48562,48564],{},[15,48560,2040],{},", remember that ",[15,48563,2780],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[181,48566,1704],{"id":1703},[353,48568,1720,48570,48572],{"id":48569},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48571,2780],{}," round numbers?",[20,48574,46264,48575,48577],{},[15,48576,2780],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[353,48579,5065,48581,48584],{"id":48580},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48582,48583],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48586,28966,48587,48589,48590,48592,48593,39832],{},[15,48588,47994],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48591,2786],{}," first, then use ",[15,48594,2780],{},[353,48596,5050,48598,12623],{"id":48597},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48599,48600],{},"int(True)",[20,48602,1714,48603,28219,48605,42055,48607,32],{},[15,48604,1223],{},[15,48606,637],{},[15,48608,516],{},[353,48610,48612],{"id":48611},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48614,48615],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[181,48617,1775],{"id":1774},[194,48619,48620,48626,48632,48638,48643,48647,48653],{},[197,48621,48622],{},[820,48623,48624,3415],{"href":2783},[15,48625,2786],{},[197,48627,48628],{},[820,48629,48630,3415],{"href":42075},[15,48631,47583],{},[197,48633,48634],{},[820,48635,48636,3415],{"href":5687},[15,48637,3719],{},[197,48639,48640],{},[820,48641,48642],{"href":2865},"How to convert string to int in Python",[197,48644,48645],{},[820,48646,8963],{"href":8885},[197,48648,48649],{},[820,48650,48651,3415],{"href":8128},[15,48652,2861],{},[197,48654,48655],{},[820,48656,30253,48657],{"href":45815},[15,48658,45816],{},[1834,48660,48661],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":48663},[48664,48665,48667,48671,48676,48678,48680,48685,48689,48691,48700,48709],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":46528,"depth":74,"text":48666},"What int() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":48668},[48669,48670],{"id":46719,"depth":106,"text":46722},{"id":46819,"depth":106,"text":46822},{"id":46955,"depth":74,"text":48672,"children":48673},"Using int() with strings",[48674,48675],{"id":47077,"depth":106,"text":47078},{"id":47165,"depth":106,"text":47166},{"id":47440,"depth":74,"text":48677},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47586,"depth":74,"text":48679},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47706,"depth":74,"text":47707,"children":48681},[48682,48683,48684],{"id":47717,"depth":106,"text":47718},{"id":47786,"depth":106,"text":47787},{"id":47827,"depth":106,"text":47828},{"id":47885,"depth":74,"text":47886,"children":48686},[48687,48688],{"id":41414,"depth":106,"text":1010},{"id":41480,"depth":106,"text":2909},{"id":48229,"depth":74,"text":48690},"When to use int()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":48692},[48693,48694,48695,48697,48698],{"id":48333,"depth":106,"text":48334},{"id":48385,"depth":106,"text":48386},{"id":48403,"depth":106,"text":48696},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48476,"depth":106,"text":48477},{"id":48519,"depth":106,"text":48699},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":48701},[48702,48704,48706,48708],{"id":48569,"depth":106,"text":48703},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48580,"depth":106,"text":48705},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48597,"depth":106,"text":48707},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48611,"depth":106,"text":48612},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41996,"description":48710},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48717,"title":48718,"body":48719,"description":50555,"extension":1866,"meta":50556,"navigation":128,"path":44702,"seo":50557,"stem":50558,"__hash__":50559},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48720,"toc":50511},[48721,48726,48731,48739,48748,48750,48809,48815,48820,48825,48828,48856,48859,48862,48873,48883,48885,48887,48907,48911,48939,48941,48980,48982,48990,48992,48995,48999,49052,49054,49066,49070,49127,49129,49141,49147,49153,49157,49160,49163,49229,49231,49243,49249,49251,49303,49306,49347,49350,49357,49366,49372,49375,49408,49414,49417,49448,49454,49457,49469,49473,49478,49482,49640,49642,49657,49660,49664,49768,49770,49787,49791,49852,49854,49862,49865,49869,49936,49938,49947,49953,49955,49964,49966,50001,50006,50008,50038,50042,50044,50081,50084,50086,50123,50129,50131,50181,50183,50191,50201,50207,50211,50216,50265,50267,50280,50283,50285,50288,50363,50366,50385,50388,50418,50428,50430,50435,50442,50448,50454,50461,50469,50475,50478,50480,50508],[10,48722,3482,48724,3486],{"id":48723},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48725,44705],{},[20,48727,48728,48730],{},[15,48729,44705],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48732,48733,48734,634,48736,48738],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48735,633],{},[15,48737,637],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48740,48741,48742,48744,48745,48747],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48743,44705],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48746,2204],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[181,48749,3515],{"id":3514},[40,48751,48753],{"className":42,"code":48752,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48754,48755,48763,48767,48788],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48756,48757,48759,48761],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48758,2349],{"class":55},[49,48760,60],{"class":59},[49,48762,2490],{"class":458},[49,48764,48765],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,48766,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,48768,48769,48771,48773,48776,48778,48780,48782,48784,48786],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,48770,110],{"class":109},[49,48772,92],{"class":85},[49,48774,48775],{"class":109},"isinstance",[49,48777,92],{"class":85},[49,48779,338],{"class":88},[49,48781,341],{"class":85},[49,48783,45176],{"class":2804},[49,48785,261],{"class":85},[49,48787,43754],{"class":121},[49,48789,48790,48792,48794,48796,48798,48800,48802,48805,48807],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,48791,110],{"class":109},[49,48793,92],{"class":85},[49,48795,48775],{"class":109},[49,48797,92],{"class":85},[49,48799,338],{"class":88},[49,48801,341],{"class":85},[49,48803,48804],{"class":2804}," str",[49,48806,261],{"class":85},[49,48808,43771],{"class":121},[20,48810,35,48811,48814],{},[15,48812,48813],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[181,48816,184,48818,187],{"id":48817},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48819,44705],{},[20,48821,48822,48824],{},[15,48823,44705],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48826,48827],{},"It:",[194,48829,48830,48833,48839,48842],{},[197,48831,48832],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[197,48834,205,48835,634,48837],{},[15,48836,633],{},[15,48838,637],{},[197,48840,48841],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[197,48843,48844,48845,2091,48847,2091,48849,2091,48851,1455,48854],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48846,3349],{},[15,48848,2090],{},[15,48850,8002],{},[15,48852,48853],{},"tuple",[15,48855,8726],{},[20,48857,48858],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48860,48861],{},"For example, you might want to:",[194,48863,48864,48867,48870],{},[197,48865,48866],{},"loop through a list",[197,48868,48869],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[197,48871,48872],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48874,48875,48876,634,48879,32],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[820,48877,44697],{"href":48878},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[820,48880,48882],{"href":48881},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[181,48884,316],{"id":315},[20,48886,319],{},[40,48888,48890],{"className":42,"code":48889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48891,48892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48893,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902,48905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48895,48775],{"class":109},[49,48897,92],{"class":85},[49,48899,42299],{"class":2804},[49,48901,341],{"class":85},[49,48903,48904],{"class":88}," classinfo",[49,48906,103],{"class":85},[353,48908,48910],{"id":48909},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[194,48912,48913,48918,48932],{},[197,48914,48915,48917],{},[15,48916,42299],{}," is the value you want to test",[197,48919,48920,48923,48924,2091,48926,2091,48928,2095,48930],{},[15,48921,48922],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48925,2090],{},[15,48927,3349],{},[15,48929,8002],{},[15,48931,8726],{},[197,48933,48934,48935,634,48937],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48936,633],{},[15,48938,637],{},[20,48940,214],{},[40,48942,48944],{"className":42,"code":48943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48945,48946,48958,48962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48947,48948,48950,48952,48954,48956],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48949,7785],{"class":55},[49,48951,60],{"class":59},[49,48953,64],{"class":63},[49,48955,11415],{"class":67},[49,48957,71],{"class":63},[49,48959,48960],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,48961,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,48963,48964,48966,48968,48970,48972,48974,48976,48978],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,48965,110],{"class":109},[49,48967,92],{"class":85},[49,48969,48775],{"class":109},[49,48971,92],{"class":85},[49,48973,7575],{"class":88},[49,48975,341],{"class":85},[49,48977,48804],{"class":2804},[49,48979,1581],{"class":85},[20,48981,1974],{},[40,48983,48984],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,48985,48986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,48987,48988],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,48989,3885],{"class":3757},[181,48991,11381],{"id":11380},[20,48993,48994],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[353,48996,48998],{"id":48997},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[40,49000,49002],{"className":42,"code":49001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49003,49004,49012,49016,49034],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49005,49006,49008,49010],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49007,2349],{"class":55},[49,49009,60],{"class":59},[49,49011,45125],{"class":458},[49,49013,49014],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49015,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,49017,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026,49028,49030,49032],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,49019,110],{"class":109},[49,49021,92],{"class":85},[49,49023,48775],{"class":109},[49,49025,92],{"class":85},[49,49027,338],{"class":88},[49,49029,341],{"class":85},[49,49031,45176],{"class":2804},[49,49033,1581],{"class":85},[49,49035,49036,49038,49040,49042,49044,49046,49048,49050],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,49037,110],{"class":109},[49,49039,92],{"class":85},[49,49041,48775],{"class":109},[49,49043,92],{"class":85},[49,49045,338],{"class":88},[49,49047,341],{"class":85},[49,49049,48804],{"class":2804},[49,49051,1581],{"class":85},[20,49053,1974],{},[40,49055,49056],{"className":42,"code":44073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49057,49058,49062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49059,49060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49061,3885],{"class":3757},[49,49063,49064],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49065,3946],{"class":3757},[353,49067,49069],{"id":49068},"check-text","Check text",[40,49071,49073],{"className":42,"code":49072,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49074,49075,49087,49091,49109],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49076,49077,49079,49081,49083,49085],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49078,56],{"class":55},[49,49080,60],{"class":59},[49,49082,64],{"class":63},[49,49084,917],{"class":67},[49,49086,71],{"class":63},[49,49088,49089],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49090,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,49092,49093,49095,49097,49099,49101,49103,49105,49107],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,49094,110],{"class":109},[49,49096,92],{"class":85},[49,49098,48775],{"class":109},[49,49100,92],{"class":85},[49,49102,245],{"class":88},[49,49104,341],{"class":85},[49,49106,48804],{"class":2804},[49,49108,1581],{"class":85},[49,49110,49111,49113,49115,49117,49119,49121,49123,49125],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,49112,110],{"class":109},[49,49114,92],{"class":85},[49,49116,48775],{"class":109},[49,49118,92],{"class":85},[49,49120,245],{"class":88},[49,49122,341],{"class":85},[49,49124,45176],{"class":2804},[49,49126,1581],{"class":85},[20,49128,1974],{},[40,49130,49131],{"className":42,"code":44073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49132,49133,49137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49134,49135],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49136,3885],{"class":3757},[49,49138,49139],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49140,3946],{"class":3757},[20,49142,49143,49144,49146],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49145,44705],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49148,49149,49150,32],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[820,49151,49152],{"href":2865},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[181,49154,49156],{"id":49155},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49158,49159],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49161,49162],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[40,49164,49166],{"className":42,"code":49165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49167,49168,49177,49181,49205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49169,49170,49172,49174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49171,2349],{"class":55},[49,49173,60],{"class":59},[49,49175,49176],{"class":458}," 3.5\n",[49,49178,49179],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49180,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,49182,49183,49185,49187,49189,49191,49193,49195,49197,49199,49201,49203],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,49184,110],{"class":109},[49,49186,92],{"class":85},[49,49188,48775],{"class":109},[49,49190,92],{"class":85},[49,49192,338],{"class":88},[49,49194,341],{"class":85},[49,49196,9142],{"class":85},[49,49198,2090],{"class":2804},[49,49200,341],{"class":85},[49,49202,40158],{"class":2804},[49,49204,2815],{"class":85},[49,49206,49207,49209,49211,49213,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225,49227],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,49208,110],{"class":109},[49,49210,92],{"class":85},[49,49212,48775],{"class":109},[49,49214,92],{"class":85},[49,49216,338],{"class":88},[49,49218,341],{"class":85},[49,49220,9142],{"class":85},[49,49222,3349],{"class":2804},[49,49224,341],{"class":85},[49,49226,22469],{"class":2804},[49,49228,2815],{"class":85},[20,49230,1974],{},[40,49232,49233],{"className":42,"code":44073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49234,49235,49239],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49236,49237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49238,3885],{"class":3757},[49,49240,49241],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49242,3946],{"class":3757},[20,49244,49245,49246,49248],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49247,40739],{}," conditions.",[20,49250,8207],{},[40,49252,49254],{"className":42,"code":49253,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49255,49256,49264,49268],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49257,49258,49260,49262],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49259,2349],{"class":55},[49,49261,60],{"class":59},[49,49263,49176],{"class":458},[49,49265,49266],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49267,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,49269,49270,49272,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284,49286,49288,49291,49293,49295,49297,49299,49301],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,49271,110],{"class":109},[49,49273,92],{"class":85},[49,49275,3127],{"class":2804},[49,49277,92],{"class":85},[49,49279,338],{"class":88},[49,49281,118],{"class":85},[49,49283,6315],{"class":59},[49,49285,45176],{"class":2804},[49,49287,48135],{"class":1210},[49,49289,49290],{"class":2804}," type",[49,49292,92],{"class":85},[49,49294,338],{"class":88},[49,49296,118],{"class":85},[49,49298,6315],{"class":59},[49,49300,40158],{"class":2804},[49,49302,103],{"class":85},[20,49304,49305],{},"you can write this:",[40,49307,49309],{"className":42,"code":49308,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49310,49311,49319,49323],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49312,49313,49315,49317],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49314,2349],{"class":55},[49,49316,60],{"class":59},[49,49318,49176],{"class":458},[49,49320,49321],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49322,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,49324,49325,49327,49329,49331,49333,49335,49337,49339,49341,49343,49345],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,49326,110],{"class":109},[49,49328,92],{"class":85},[49,49330,48775],{"class":109},[49,49332,92],{"class":85},[49,49334,338],{"class":88},[49,49336,341],{"class":85},[49,49338,9142],{"class":85},[49,49340,2090],{"class":2804},[49,49342,341],{"class":85},[49,49344,40158],{"class":2804},[49,49346,2815],{"class":85},[20,49348,49349],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[181,49351,49353,983,49355],{"id":49352},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49354,44705],{},[15,49356,2204],{},[20,49358,10497,49359,380,49361,49365],{},[15,49360,44705],{},[820,49362,49363],{"href":2201},[15,49364,2204],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[353,49367,49369],{"id":49368},"typevalue-int",[15,49370,49371],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49373,49374],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[40,49376,49378],{"className":42,"code":49377,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49379,49380,49388],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49381,49382,49384,49386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49383,2349],{"class":55},[49,49385,60],{"class":59},[49,49387,2490],{"class":458},[49,49389,49390,49392,49394,49396,49398,49400,49402,49404,49406],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49391,110],{"class":109},[49,49393,92],{"class":85},[49,49395,3127],{"class":2804},[49,49397,92],{"class":85},[49,49399,338],{"class":88},[49,49401,118],{"class":85},[49,49403,6315],{"class":59},[49,49405,45176],{"class":2804},[49,49407,103],{"class":85},[353,49409,49411],{"id":49410},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49412,49413],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49415,49416],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[40,49418,49420],{"className":42,"code":49419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49421,49422,49430],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49423,49424,49426,49428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49425,2349],{"class":55},[49,49427,60],{"class":59},[49,49429,2490],{"class":458},[49,49431,49432,49434,49436,49438,49440,49442,49444,49446],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49433,110],{"class":109},[49,49435,92],{"class":85},[49,49437,48775],{"class":109},[49,49439,92],{"class":85},[49,49441,338],{"class":88},[49,49443,341],{"class":85},[49,49445,45176],{"class":2804},[49,49447,1581],{"class":85},[20,49449,49450,49451,49453],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49452,44705],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49455,49456],{},"In everyday code:",[194,49458,49459,49464],{},[197,49460,39893,49461,49463],{},[15,49462,2204],{}," when you need the exact type",[197,49465,39893,49466,49468],{},[15,49467,44705],{}," when you want a practical type check",[181,49470,49472],{"id":49471},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49474,49475,49476,32],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49477,44705],{},[353,49479,49481],{"id":49480},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[40,49483,49485],{"className":42,"code":49484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49486,49487,49505,49524,49536,49541,49559,49570,49574,49586,49590,49614],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49488,49489,49491,49494,49496,49498,49500,49503],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49490,34758],{"class":1968},[49,49492,49493],{"class":34761}," repeat_text",[49,49495,92],{"class":85},[49,49497,245],{"class":37567},[49,49499,341],{"class":85},[49,49501,49502],{"class":37567}," count",[49,49504,1396],{"class":85},[49,49506,49507,49509,49511,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49508,6305],{"class":1210},[49,49510,8008],{"class":59},[49,49512,49513],{"class":109}," isinstance",[49,49515,92],{"class":85},[49,49517,245],{"class":88},[49,49519,341],{"class":85},[49,49521,48804],{"class":2804},[49,49523,1396],{"class":85},[49,49525,49526,49529,49531,49534],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,49527,49528],{"class":1210},"        return",[49,49530,64],{"class":63},[49,49532,49533],{"class":67},"text must be a string",[49,49535,71],{"class":63},[49,49537,49538],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,49539,49540],{"class":55},"    \n",[49,49542,49543,49545,49547,49549,49551,49553,49555,49557],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,49544,6305],{"class":1210},[49,49546,8008],{"class":59},[49,49548,49513],{"class":109},[49,49550,92],{"class":85},[49,49552,41160],{"class":88},[49,49554,341],{"class":85},[49,49556,45176],{"class":2804},[49,49558,1396],{"class":85},[49,49560,49561,49563,49565,49568],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,49562,49528],{"class":1210},[49,49564,64],{"class":63},[49,49566,49567],{"class":67},"count must be an integer",[49,49569,71],{"class":63},[49,49571,49572],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,49573,49540],{"class":55},[49,49575,49576,49578,49581,49583],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,49577,34769],{"class":1210},[49,49579,49580],{"class":55}," text ",[49,49582,39775],{"class":59},[49,49584,49585],{"class":55}," count\n",[49,49587,49588],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,49589,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,49591,49592,49594,49596,49599,49601,49603,49606,49608,49610,49612],{"class":51,"line":6342},[49,49593,110],{"class":109},[49,49595,92],{"class":85},[49,49597,49598],{"class":88},"repeat_text",[49,49600,92],{"class":85},[49,49602,95],{"class":63},[49,49604,49605],{"class":67},"Hi ",[49,49607,95],{"class":63},[49,49609,341],{"class":85},[49,49611,2354],{"class":458},[49,49613,1581],{"class":85},[49,49615,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624,49626,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636,49638],{"class":51,"line":11501},[49,49617,110],{"class":109},[49,49619,92],{"class":85},[49,49621,49598],{"class":88},[49,49623,92],{"class":85},[49,49625,95],{"class":63},[49,49627,49605],{"class":67},[49,49629,95],{"class":63},[49,49631,341],{"class":85},[49,49633,64],{"class":63},[49,49635,1965],{"class":67},[49,49637,95],{"class":63},[49,49639,1581],{"class":85},[20,49641,1974],{},[40,49643,49645],{"className":42,"code":49644,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49646,49647,49652],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49648,49649],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49650,49651],{"class":55},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[49,49653,49654],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49655,49656],{"class":55},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49658,49659],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[353,49661,49663],{"id":49662},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[40,49665,49667],{"className":42,"code":49666,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49668,49669,49701,49705,49721,49736,49753],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49670,49671,49673,49675,49677,49679,49681,49683,49685,49687,49689,49691,49693,49695,49697,49699],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49672,2349],{"class":55},[49,49674,60],{"class":59},[49,49676,3530],{"class":85},[49,49678,95],{"class":63},[49,49680,820],{"class":67},[49,49682,95],{"class":63},[49,49684,341],{"class":85},[49,49686,64],{"class":63},[49,49688,4667],{"class":67},[49,49690,95],{"class":63},[49,49692,341],{"class":85},[49,49694,64],{"class":63},[49,49696,9646],{"class":67},[49,49698,95],{"class":63},[49,49700,1244],{"class":85},[49,49702,49703],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49704,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,49706,49707,49709,49711,49713,49715,49717,49719],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,49708,1211],{"class":1210},[49,49710,49513],{"class":109},[49,49712,92],{"class":85},[49,49714,338],{"class":88},[49,49716,341],{"class":85},[49,49718,48804],{"class":2804},[49,49720,1396],{"class":85},[49,49722,49723,49725,49727,49729,49732,49734],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,49724,1273],{"class":109},[49,49726,92],{"class":85},[49,49728,95],{"class":63},[49,49730,49731],{"class":67},"This is text",[49,49733,95],{"class":63},[49,49735,103],{"class":85},[49,49737,49738,49741,49743,49745,49747,49749,49751],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,49739,49740],{"class":1210},"elif",[49,49742,49513],{"class":109},[49,49744,92],{"class":85},[49,49746,338],{"class":88},[49,49748,341],{"class":85},[49,49750,22469],{"class":2804},[49,49752,1396],{"class":85},[49,49754,49755,49757,49759,49761,49764,49766],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,49756,1273],{"class":109},[49,49758,92],{"class":85},[49,49760,95],{"class":63},[49,49762,49763],{"class":67},"This is a list",[49,49765,95],{"class":63},[49,49767,103],{"class":85},[20,49769,1974],{},[40,49771,49773],{"className":42,"code":49772,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This is a list\n",[15,49774,49775],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49776,49777,49780,49782,49784],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49778,49779],{"class":55},"This ",[49,49781,12101],{"class":59},[49,49783,44444],{"class":55},[49,49785,49786],{"class":2804},"list\n",[353,49788,49790],{"id":49789},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[40,49792,49794],{"className":42,"code":49793,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49795,49796,49808,49812,49828,49842],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49797,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49799,2349],{"class":55},[49,49801,60],{"class":59},[49,49803,64],{"class":63},[49,49805,46425],{"class":67},[49,49807,71],{"class":63},[49,49809,49810],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49811,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,49813,49814,49816,49818,49820,49822,49824,49826],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,49815,1211],{"class":1210},[49,49817,49513],{"class":109},[49,49819,92],{"class":85},[49,49821,338],{"class":88},[49,49823,341],{"class":85},[49,49825,48804],{"class":2804},[49,49827,1396],{"class":85},[49,49829,49830,49832,49834,49836,49838,49840],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,49831,41790],{"class":55},[49,49833,60],{"class":59},[49,49835,45176],{"class":2804},[49,49837,92],{"class":85},[49,49839,338],{"class":88},[49,49841,103],{"class":85},[49,49843,49844,49846,49848,49850],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,49845,1273],{"class":109},[49,49847,92],{"class":85},[49,49849,2141],{"class":88},[49,49851,103],{"class":85},[20,49853,1974],{},[40,49855,49856],{"className":42,"code":46511,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,49857,49858],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49859,49860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49861,46511],{"class":458},[20,49863,49864],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[353,49866,49868],{"id":49867},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[40,49870,49872],{"className":42,"code":49871,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49873,49874,49898,49902,49918],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49875,49876,49878,49880,49882,49884,49886,49888,49890,49892,49894,49896],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49877,2349],{"class":55},[49,49879,60],{"class":59},[49,49881,10398],{"class":85},[49,49883,95],{"class":63},[49,49885,7575],{"class":67},[49,49887,95],{"class":63},[49,49889,1197],{"class":85},[49,49891,64],{"class":63},[49,49893,12788],{"class":67},[49,49895,95],{"class":63},[49,49897,9215],{"class":85},[49,49899,49900],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49901,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,49903,49904,49906,49908,49910,49912,49914,49916],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,49905,1211],{"class":1210},[49,49907,49513],{"class":109},[49,49909,92],{"class":85},[49,49911,338],{"class":88},[49,49913,341],{"class":85},[49,49915,9076],{"class":2804},[49,49917,1396],{"class":85},[49,49919,49920,49922,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,49921,1273],{"class":109},[49,49923,92],{"class":85},[49,49925,338],{"class":88},[49,49927,1256],{"class":85},[49,49929,95],{"class":63},[49,49931,7575],{"class":67},[49,49933,95],{"class":63},[49,49935,3794],{"class":85},[20,49937,1974],{},[40,49939,49941],{"className":42,"code":49940,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana\n",[15,49942,49943],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49944,49945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49946,49940],{"class":55},[20,49948,49949,49950,49952],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49951,2909],{}," messages later.",[181,49954,4425],{"id":4424},[353,49956,49958,49959,10999,49962],{"id":49957},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49960,49961],{},"\"int\"",[15,49963,2090],{},[20,49965,16555],{},[40,49967,49969],{"className":42,"code":49968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49970,49971,49979],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,49972,49973,49975,49977],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,49974,2349],{"class":55},[49,49976,60],{"class":59},[49,49978,2490],{"class":458},[49,49980,49981,49983,49985,49987,49989,49991,49993,49995,49997,49999],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,49982,110],{"class":109},[49,49984,92],{"class":85},[49,49986,48775],{"class":109},[49,49988,92],{"class":85},[49,49990,338],{"class":88},[49,49992,341],{"class":85},[49,49994,64],{"class":63},[49,49996,2090],{"class":67},[49,49998,95],{"class":63},[49,50000,1581],{"class":85},[20,50002,50003,50005],{},[15,50004,49961],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50007,16567],{},[40,50009,50010],{"className":42,"code":49419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,50011,50012,50020],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50013,50014,50016,50018],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50015,2349],{"class":55},[49,50017,60],{"class":59},[49,50019,2490],{"class":458},[49,50021,50022,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50023,110],{"class":109},[49,50025,92],{"class":85},[49,50027,48775],{"class":109},[49,50029,92],{"class":85},[49,50031,338],{"class":88},[49,50033,341],{"class":85},[49,50035,45176],{"class":2804},[49,50037,1581],{"class":85},[353,50039,50041],{"id":50040},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50043,16555],{},[40,50045,50047],{"className":42,"code":50046,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50048,50049,50057],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50050,50051,50053,50055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50052,2349],{"class":55},[49,50054,60],{"class":59},[49,50056,34749],{"class":458},[49,50058,50059,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50060,110],{"class":109},[49,50062,92],{"class":85},[49,50064,48775],{"class":109},[49,50066,92],{"class":85},[49,50068,338],{"class":88},[49,50070,341],{"class":85},[49,50072,3530],{"class":85},[49,50074,2090],{"class":2804},[49,50076,341],{"class":85},[49,50078,40158],{"class":2804},[49,50080,2903],{"class":85},[20,50082,50083],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50085,16567],{},[40,50087,50089],{"className":42,"code":50088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50090,50091,50099],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50092,50093,50095,50097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50094,2349],{"class":55},[49,50096,60],{"class":59},[49,50098,34749],{"class":458},[49,50100,50101,50103,50105,50107,50109,50111,50113,50115,50117,50119,50121],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50102,110],{"class":109},[49,50104,92],{"class":85},[49,50106,48775],{"class":109},[49,50108,92],{"class":85},[49,50110,338],{"class":88},[49,50112,341],{"class":85},[49,50114,9142],{"class":85},[49,50116,2090],{"class":2804},[49,50118,341],{"class":85},[49,50120,40158],{"class":2804},[49,50122,2815],{"class":85},[353,50124,25684,50126,50128],{"id":50125},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50127,44705],{}," converts a value",[20,50130,18824],{},[40,50132,50134],{"className":42,"code":50133,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50135,50136,50149,50167,50171],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50137,50138,50140,50142,50144,50147],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50139,2349],{"class":55},[49,50141,60],{"class":59},[49,50143,64],{"class":63},[49,50145,50146],{"class":67},"123",[49,50148,71],{"class":63},[49,50150,50151,50153,50155,50157,50159,50161,50163,50165],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50152,2131],{"class":55},[49,50154,60],{"class":59},[49,50156,49513],{"class":109},[49,50158,92],{"class":85},[49,50160,338],{"class":88},[49,50162,341],{"class":85},[49,50164,45176],{"class":2804},[49,50166,103],{"class":85},[49,50168,50169],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,50170,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,50172,50173,50175,50177,50179],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,50174,110],{"class":109},[49,50176,92],{"class":85},[49,50178,2166],{"class":88},[49,50180,103],{"class":85},[20,50182,1974],{},[40,50184,50185],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,50186,50187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50188,50189],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50190,3946],{"class":3757},[20,50192,50193,50194,50197,50198,50200],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50195,50196],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50199,50146],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50202,50203,50204,6537],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50205,50206],{},"int(value)",[353,50208,50210],{"id":50209},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50212,50213,50215],{},[15,50214,44705],{}," does not modify anything.",[40,50217,50219],{"className":42,"code":50218,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50220,50221,50233,50237,50255],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50222,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50224,2349],{"class":55},[49,50226,60],{"class":59},[49,50228,64],{"class":63},[49,50230,13467],{"class":67},[49,50232,71],{"class":63},[49,50234,50235],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50236,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,50238,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,50240,110],{"class":109},[49,50242,92],{"class":85},[49,50244,48775],{"class":109},[49,50246,92],{"class":85},[49,50248,338],{"class":88},[49,50250,341],{"class":85},[49,50252,48804],{"class":2804},[49,50254,1581],{"class":85},[49,50256,50257,50259,50261,50263],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,50258,110],{"class":109},[49,50260,92],{"class":85},[49,50262,338],{"class":88},[49,50264,103],{"class":85},[20,50266,1974],{},[40,50268,50270],{"className":42,"code":50269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\n100\n",[15,50271,50272,50276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50273,50274],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50275,3885],{"class":3757},[49,50277,50278],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50279,47162],{"class":458},[20,50281,50282],{},"The value stays the same.",[181,50284,25852],{"id":25851},[20,50286,50287],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[40,50289,50291],{"className":42,"code":50290,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50292,50293,50307,50325,50349],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50294,50295,50297,50299,50301,50303,50305],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50296,110],{"class":109},[49,50298,92],{"class":85},[49,50300,3127],{"class":2804},[49,50302,92],{"class":85},[49,50304,338],{"class":88},[49,50306,1581],{"class":85},[49,50308,50309,50311,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321,50323],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50310,110],{"class":109},[49,50312,92],{"class":85},[49,50314,48775],{"class":109},[49,50316,92],{"class":85},[49,50318,338],{"class":88},[49,50320,341],{"class":85},[49,50322,45176],{"class":2804},[49,50324,1581],{"class":85},[49,50326,50327,50329,50331,50333,50335,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345,50347],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,50328,110],{"class":109},[49,50330,92],{"class":85},[49,50332,48775],{"class":109},[49,50334,92],{"class":85},[49,50336,338],{"class":88},[49,50338,341],{"class":85},[49,50340,9142],{"class":85},[49,50342,2090],{"class":2804},[49,50344,341],{"class":85},[49,50346,40158],{"class":2804},[49,50348,2815],{"class":85},[49,50350,50351,50353,50355,50357,50359,50361],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,50352,110],{"class":109},[49,50354,92],{"class":85},[49,50356,1590],{"class":109},[49,50358,92],{"class":85},[49,50360,338],{"class":88},[49,50362,1581],{"class":85},[20,50364,50365],{},"These can help when:",[194,50367,50368,50371,50376,50379],{},[197,50369,50370],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[197,50372,50373,50374],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50375,2909],{},[197,50377,50378],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[197,50380,50381,50382,50384],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50383,44705],{}," is invalid",[20,50386,50387],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[194,50389,50390,50404,50410,50415],{},[197,50391,50392,50393,634,50396,50399,50400,634,50402],{},"using ",[15,50394,50395],{},"'int'",[15,50397,50398],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50401,2090],{},[15,50403,3349],{},[197,50405,50406,50407,50409],{},"expecting ",[15,50408,44705],{}," to convert a value",[197,50411,50392,50412,50414],{},[15,50413,2204],{}," when inherited types should also match",[197,50416,50417],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50419,50420,50421,32],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[820,50422,50424,50425],{"href":50423},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50426,50427],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[181,50429,1704],{"id":1703},[353,50431,5050,50433,5053],{"id":50432},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50434,44705],{},[20,50436,1714,50437,50439,50440,32],{},[15,50438,633],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50441,637],{},[353,50443,5077,50445,50447],{"id":50444},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50446,44705],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50449,50450,50451,32],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50452,50453],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[353,50455,1740,50457,380,50459,2394],{"id":50456},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50458,44705],{},[15,50460,2204],{},[20,50462,50463,50465,50466,50468],{},[15,50464,2204],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50467,44705],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[353,50470,1720,50472,50474],{"id":50471},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50473,44705],{}," convert a value?",[20,50476,50477],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[181,50479,1775],{"id":1774},[194,50481,50482,50488,50492,50497,50502],{},[197,50483,50484],{},[820,50485,3482,50486,3415],{"href":2201},[15,50487,2204],{},[197,50489,50490],{},[820,50491,44697],{"href":48878},[197,50493,50494],{},[820,50495,50496],{"href":2865},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[197,50498,50499],{},[820,50500,50501],{"href":48881},"What is a data type in Python?",[197,50503,50504],{},[820,50505,50424,50506],{"href":50423},[15,50507,50427],{},[1834,50509,50510],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":50512},[50513,50514,50516,50519,50523,50524,50529,50535,50543,50544,50554],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":48817,"depth":74,"text":50515},"What isinstance() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":50517},[50518],{"id":48909,"depth":106,"text":48910},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381,"children":50520},[50521,50522],{"id":48997,"depth":106,"text":48998},{"id":49068,"depth":106,"text":49069},{"id":49155,"depth":74,"text":49156},{"id":49352,"depth":74,"text":50525,"children":50526},"isinstance() vs type()",[50527,50528],{"id":49368,"depth":106,"text":49371},{"id":49410,"depth":106,"text":49413},{"id":49471,"depth":74,"text":49472,"children":50530},[50531,50532,50533,50534],{"id":49480,"depth":106,"text":49481},{"id":49662,"depth":106,"text":49663},{"id":49789,"depth":106,"text":49790},{"id":49867,"depth":106,"text":49868},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":50536},[50537,50539,50540,50542],{"id":49957,"depth":106,"text":50538},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50040,"depth":106,"text":50041},{"id":50125,"depth":106,"text":50541},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50209,"depth":106,"text":50210},{"id":25851,"depth":74,"text":25852},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":50545},[50546,50548,50550,50552],{"id":50432,"depth":106,"text":50547},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50444,"depth":106,"text":50549},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50456,"depth":106,"text":50551},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50471,"depth":106,"text":50553},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48718,"description":50555},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50561,"title":50562,"body":50563,"description":52533,"extension":1866,"meta":52534,"navigation":128,"path":52535,"seo":52536,"stem":52537,"__hash__":52538},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50564,"toc":52508},[50565,50568,50573,50578,50592,50595,50597,50672,50677,50681,50686,50689,50703,50705,50870,50883,50885,50887,50902,50905,50908,50921,50923,51021,51025,51031,51034,51043,51045,51080,51085,51106,51111,51116,51147,51150,51207,51211,51217,51220,51273,51275,51315,51318,51386,51389,51440,51447,51451,51457,51542,51548,51554,51603,51606,51609,51659,51661,51666,51670,51720,51724,51771,51775,51852,51856,51921,51924,51928,51933,51938,51950,51952,51971,51977,51980,51999,52004,52031,52038,52042,52048,52051,52146,52149,52152,52201,52206,52208,52212,52247,52250,52307,52317,52320,52354,52357,52359,52363,52366,52370,52373,52377,52380,52384,52396,52400,52405,52407,52457,52469,52471,52505],[10,50566,50562],{"id":50567},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50569,9028,50570,50572],{},[15,50571,42261],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50574,1139,50575,50577],{},[15,50576,42261],{}," to count:",[194,50579,50580,50583,50586,50589],{},[197,50581,50582],{},"characters in a string",[197,50584,50585],{},"items in a list or tuple",[197,50587,50588],{},"keys in a dictionary",[197,50590,50591],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50593,50594],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[181,50596,1907],{"id":1906},[40,50598,50600],{"className":42,"code":50599,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50601,50602,50614,50634,50638,50655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50603,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50605,56],{"class":55},[49,50607,60],{"class":59},[49,50609,64],{"class":63},[49,50611,917],{"class":67},[49,50613,71],{"class":63},[49,50615,50616,50618,50620,50622,50624,50626,50628,50630,50632],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50617,7687],{"class":55},[49,50619,60],{"class":59},[49,50621,3530],{"class":85},[49,50623,2233],{"class":458},[49,50625,341],{"class":85},[49,50627,7698],{"class":458},[49,50629,341],{"class":85},[49,50631,7703],{"class":458},[49,50633,1244],{"class":85},[49,50635,50636],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,50637,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,50639,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,50641,110],{"class":109},[49,50643,92],{"class":85},[49,50645,1631],{"class":109},[49,50647,92],{"class":85},[49,50649,245],{"class":88},[49,50651,261],{"class":85},[49,50653,50654],{"class":121},"   # 5\n",[49,50656,50657,50659,50661,50663,50665,50667,50669],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,50658,110],{"class":109},[49,50660,92],{"class":85},[49,50662,1631],{"class":109},[49,50664,92],{"class":85},[49,50666,7718],{"class":88},[49,50668,261],{"class":85},[49,50670,50671],{"class":121},"  # 3\n",[20,50673,35,50674,50676],{},[15,50675,42261],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[181,50678,50680],{"id":50679},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50682,50683,50685],{},[15,50684,42261],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50687,50688],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[194,50690,50691,50694,50697,50700],{},[197,50692,50693],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[197,50695,50696],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[197,50698,50699],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[197,50701,50702],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50704,214],{},[40,50706,50708],{"className":42,"code":50707,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50709,50710,50722,50747,50779,50799,50803,50820,50836,50853],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50711,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50713,7785],{"class":55},[49,50715,60],{"class":59},[49,50717,64],{"class":63},[49,50719,7584],{"class":67},[49,50721,71],{"class":63},[49,50723,50724,50726,50728,50730,50732,50734,50736,50738,50740,50742,50745],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50725,3525],{"class":55},[49,50727,60],{"class":59},[49,50729,3530],{"class":85},[49,50731,2233],{"class":458},[49,50733,341],{"class":85},[49,50735,7698],{"class":458},[49,50737,341],{"class":85},[49,50739,7703],{"class":458},[49,50741,341],{"class":85},[49,50743,50744],{"class":458}," 40",[49,50746,1244],{"class":85},[49,50748,50749,50751,50753,50755,50757,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50771,50773,50775,50777],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,50750,9071],{"class":55},[49,50752,60],{"class":59},[49,50754,10398],{"class":85},[49,50756,95],{"class":63},[49,50758,820],{"class":67},[49,50760,95],{"class":63},[49,50762,1197],{"class":85},[49,50764,1264],{"class":458},[49,50766,341],{"class":85},[49,50768,64],{"class":63},[49,50770,4667],{"class":67},[49,50772,95],{"class":63},[49,50774,1197],{"class":85},[49,50776,2896],{"class":458},[49,50778,9215],{"class":85},[49,50780,50781,50783,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,50782,3729],{"class":55},[49,50784,60],{"class":59},[49,50786,10398],{"class":85},[49,50788,2040],{"class":458},[49,50790,341],{"class":85},[49,50792,37548],{"class":458},[49,50794,341],{"class":85},[49,50796,493],{"class":458},[49,50798,9215],{"class":85},[49,50800,50801],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,50802,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,50804,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815,50817],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,50806,110],{"class":109},[49,50808,92],{"class":85},[49,50810,1631],{"class":109},[49,50812,92],{"class":85},[49,50814,7575],{"class":88},[49,50816,261],{"class":85},[49,50818,50819],{"class":121},"     # 3\n",[49,50821,50822,50824,50826,50828,50830,50832,50834],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,50823,110],{"class":109},[49,50825,92],{"class":85},[49,50827,1631],{"class":109},[49,50829,92],{"class":85},[49,50831,3556],{"class":88},[49,50833,261],{"class":85},[49,50835,779],{"class":121},[49,50837,50838,50840,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,50839,110],{"class":109},[49,50841,92],{"class":85},[49,50843,1631],{"class":109},[49,50845,92],{"class":85},[49,50847,9110],{"class":88},[49,50849,261],{"class":85},[49,50851,50852],{"class":121},"     # 2\n",[49,50854,50855,50857,50859,50861,50863,50865,50867],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,50856,110],{"class":109},[49,50858,92],{"class":85},[49,50860,1631],{"class":109},[49,50862,92],{"class":85},[49,50864,5266],{"class":88},[49,50866,261],{"class":85},[49,50868,50869],{"class":121},"   # 3\n",[20,50871,50872,50873,2091,50877,1455,50881,32],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[820,50874,50876],{"href":50875},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[820,50878,50880],{"href":50879},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[820,50882,9061],{"href":9060},[181,50884,316],{"id":315},[20,50886,319],{},[40,50888,50890],{"className":42,"code":50889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"len(object)\n",[15,50891,50892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50893,50894,50896,50898,50900],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50895,1631],{"class":109},[49,50897,92],{"class":85},[49,50899,42299],{"class":2804},[49,50901,103],{"class":85},[20,50903,50904],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50906,50907],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[194,50909,50910,50912,50914,50916,50918],{},[197,50911,37812],{},[197,50913,37806],{},[197,50915,37809],{},[197,50917,37815],{},[197,50919,50920],{},"a dictionary",[20,50922,214],{},[40,50924,50926],{"className":42,"code":50925,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50927,50928,50949,50973,50995],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,50929,50930,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,50931,110],{"class":109},[49,50933,92],{"class":85},[49,50935,1631],{"class":109},[49,50937,92],{"class":85},[49,50939,95],{"class":63},[49,50941,44],{"class":67},[49,50943,95],{"class":63},[49,50945,261],{"class":85},[49,50947,50948],{"class":121},"      # 6\n",[49,50950,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959,50961,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,50952,110],{"class":109},[49,50954,92],{"class":85},[49,50956,1631],{"class":109},[49,50958,2889],{"class":85},[49,50960,1223],{"class":458},[49,50962,341],{"class":85},[49,50964,2896],{"class":458},[49,50966,341],{"class":85},[49,50968,2354],{"class":458},[49,50970,4641],{"class":85},[49,50972,50819],{"class":121},[49,50974,50975,50977,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989,50992],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,50976,110],{"class":109},[49,50978,92],{"class":85},[49,50980,1631],{"class":109},[49,50982,5417],{"class":85},[49,50984,2233],{"class":458},[49,50986,341],{"class":85},[49,50988,7698],{"class":458},[49,50990,50991],{"class":85},")))",[49,50993,50994],{"class":121},"      # 2\n",[49,50996,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51018],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,50998,110],{"class":109},[49,51000,92],{"class":85},[49,51002,1631],{"class":109},[49,51004,5436],{"class":85},[49,51006,95],{"class":63},[49,51008,283],{"class":67},[49,51010,95],{"class":63},[49,51012,1197],{"class":85},[49,51014,1264],{"class":458},[49,51016,51017],{"class":85},"}))",[49,51019,51020],{"class":121},"      # 1\n",[181,51022,51024],{"id":51023},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51026,51027,51028,51030],{},"When you use ",[15,51029,42261],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51032,51033],{},"That includes:",[194,51035,51036,51038,51040],{},[197,51037,36047],{},[197,51039,10359],{},[197,51041,51042],{},"punctuation",[20,51044,214],{},[40,51046,51048],{"className":42,"code":51047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51049,51050,51063],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51051,51052,51054,51056,51058,51061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51053,56],{"class":55},[49,51055,60],{"class":59},[49,51057,64],{"class":63},[49,51059,51060],{"class":67},"Hi there!",[49,51062,71],{"class":63},[49,51064,51065,51067,51069,51071,51073,51075,51077],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51066,110],{"class":109},[49,51068,92],{"class":85},[49,51070,1631],{"class":109},[49,51072,92],{"class":85},[49,51074,245],{"class":88},[49,51076,261],{"class":85},[49,51078,51079],{"class":121},"  # 9\n",[20,51081,51082,51083,2394],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51084,2048],{},[194,51086,51087,51093,51097,51100],{},[197,51088,51089,51092],{},[15,51090,51091],{},"H"," = 1",[197,51094,51095,51092],{},[15,51096,36058],{},[197,51098,51099],{},"space = 1",[197,51101,51102,51105],{},[15,51103,51104],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51107,51108,51109],{},"Total: ",[15,51110,2048],{},[20,51112,51113,51114,1197],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51115,516],{},[40,51117,51119],{"className":42,"code":51118,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51120,51121,51130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51122,51123,51126,51128],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51124,51125],{"class":55},"empty_text ",[49,51127,60],{"class":59},[49,51129,7790],{"class":63},[49,51131,51132,51134,51136,51138,51140,51143,51145],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51133,110],{"class":109},[49,51135,92],{"class":85},[49,51137,1631],{"class":109},[49,51139,92],{"class":85},[49,51141,51142],{"class":88},"empty_text",[49,51144,261],{"class":85},[49,51146,898],{"class":121},[20,51148,51149],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[40,51151,51153],{"className":42,"code":51152,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51154,51155,51168,51172,51192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51156,51157,51160,51162,51164,51166],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51158,51159],{"class":55},"user_name ",[49,51161,60],{"class":59},[49,51163,64],{"class":63},[49,51165,4911],{"class":67},[49,51167,71],{"class":63},[49,51169,51170],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51171,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,51173,51174,51176,51178,51180,51183,51185,51188,51190],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,51175,1211],{"class":1210},[49,51177,38289],{"class":109},[49,51179,92],{"class":85},[49,51181,51182],{"class":88},"user_name",[49,51184,118],{"class":85},[49,51186,51187],{"class":59}," >=",[49,51189,2354],{"class":458},[49,51191,1226],{"class":85},[49,51193,51194,51196,51198,51200,51203,51205],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,51195,1273],{"class":109},[49,51197,92],{"class":85},[49,51199,95],{"class":63},[49,51201,51202],{"class":67},"Name is long enough",[49,51204,95],{"class":63},[49,51206,103],{"class":85},[181,51208,51210],{"id":51209},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51212,51213,51214,51216],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51215,42261],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51218,51219],{},"Example with a list:",[40,51221,51223],{"className":42,"code":51222,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51224,51225,51257],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51226,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253,51255],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51228,12984],{"class":55},[49,51230,60],{"class":59},[49,51232,3530],{"class":85},[49,51234,95],{"class":63},[49,51236,13001],{"class":67},[49,51238,95],{"class":63},[49,51240,341],{"class":85},[49,51242,64],{"class":63},[49,51244,17365],{"class":67},[49,51246,95],{"class":63},[49,51248,341],{"class":85},[49,51250,64],{"class":63},[49,51252,13018],{"class":67},[49,51254,95],{"class":63},[49,51256,1244],{"class":85},[49,51258,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269,51271],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51260,110],{"class":109},[49,51262,92],{"class":85},[49,51264,1631],{"class":109},[49,51266,92],{"class":85},[49,51268,17412],{"class":88},[49,51270,261],{"class":85},[49,51272,50671],{"class":121},[20,51274,37821],{},[40,51276,51278],{"className":42,"code":51277,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51279,51280,51297],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51281,51282,51285,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51283,51284],{"class":55},"point ",[49,51286,60],{"class":59},[49,51288,9142],{"class":85},[49,51290,2233],{"class":458},[49,51292,341],{"class":85},[49,51294,7698],{"class":458},[49,51296,103],{"class":85},[49,51298,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307,51310,51312],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51300,110],{"class":109},[49,51302,92],{"class":85},[49,51304,1631],{"class":109},[49,51306,92],{"class":85},[49,51308,51309],{"class":88},"point",[49,51311,261],{"class":85},[49,51313,51314],{"class":121},"  # 2\n",[20,51316,51317],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[40,51319,51321],{"className":42,"code":51320,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51322,51323,51347,51351,51369],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51324,51325,51327,51329,51331,51333,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51345],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51326,7687],{"class":55},[49,51328,60],{"class":59},[49,51330,3530],{"class":85},[49,51332,95],{"class":63},[49,51334,3985],{"class":67},[49,51336,95],{"class":63},[49,51338,341],{"class":85},[49,51340,64],{"class":63},[49,51342,230],{"class":67},[49,51344,95],{"class":63},[49,51346,1244],{"class":85},[49,51348,51349],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51350,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,51352,51353,51355,51357,51359,51361,51363,51365,51367],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,51354,1211],{"class":1210},[49,51356,38289],{"class":109},[49,51358,92],{"class":85},[49,51360,7718],{"class":88},[49,51362,118],{"class":85},[49,51364,38298],{"class":59},[49,51366,1264],{"class":458},[49,51368,1226],{"class":85},[49,51370,51371,51373,51375,51377,51379,51381,51383],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,51372,1273],{"class":109},[49,51374,92],{"class":85},[49,51376,7718],{"class":88},[49,51378,1256],{"class":85},[49,51380,1223],{"class":458},[49,51382,20357],{"class":85},[49,51384,51385],{"class":121},"  # banana\n",[20,51387,51388],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[40,51390,51392],{"className":42,"code":51391,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51393,51394,51417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51395,51396,51398,51400,51402,51405,51407,51410,51412,51415],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51397,4971],{"class":55},[49,51399,60],{"class":59},[49,51401,3530],{"class":85},[49,51403,51404],{"class":458},"88",[49,51406,341],{"class":85},[49,51408,51409],{"class":458}," 91",[49,51411,341],{"class":85},[49,51413,51414],{"class":458}," 75",[49,51416,1244],{"class":85},[49,51418,51419,51421,51423,51425,51428,51430,51432,51434,51436,51438],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51420,110],{"class":109},[49,51422,92],{"class":85},[49,51424,95],{"class":63},[49,51426,51427],{"class":67},"Number of scores:",[49,51429,95],{"class":63},[49,51431,341],{"class":85},[49,51433,38289],{"class":109},[49,51435,92],{"class":85},[49,51437,16300],{"class":88},[49,51439,1581],{"class":85},[20,51441,51442,51443,32],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[820,51444,51446],{"href":51445},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[181,51448,51450],{"id":51449},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51452,51453,51454,51456],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51455,42261],{}," counts keys.",[40,51458,51460],{"className":42,"code":51459,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51461,51462,51470,51488,51502,51518,51522,51526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51463,51464,51466,51468],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51465,12771],{"class":55},[49,51467,60],{"class":59},[49,51469,11399],{"class":85},[49,51471,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51473,11404],{"class":63},[49,51475,7575],{"class":67},[49,51477,95],{"class":63},[49,51479,1197],{"class":85},[49,51481,64],{"class":63},[49,51483,7830],{"class":67},[49,51485,95],{"class":63},[49,51487,11420],{"class":85},[49,51489,51490,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,51491,11404],{"class":63},[49,51493,9205],{"class":67},[49,51495,95],{"class":63},[49,51497,1197],{"class":85},[49,51499,30849],{"class":458},[49,51501,11420],{"class":85},[49,51503,51504,51506,51508,51510,51512,51514,51516],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,51505,11404],{"class":63},[49,51507,19802],{"class":67},[49,51509,95],{"class":63},[49,51511,1197],{"class":85},[49,51513,64],{"class":63},[49,51515,22154],{"class":67},[49,51517,71],{"class":63},[49,51519,51520],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,51521,9215],{"class":85},[49,51523,51524],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,51525,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,51527,51528,51530,51532,51534,51536,51538,51540],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,51529,110],{"class":109},[49,51531,92],{"class":85},[49,51533,1631],{"class":109},[49,51535,92],{"class":85},[49,51537,13535],{"class":88},[49,51539,261],{"class":85},[49,51541,50671],{"class":121},[20,51543,51544,51545,51547],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51546,42261],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51549,51550,51551,51553],{},"For sets, ",[15,51552,42261],{}," counts unique items:",[40,51555,51557],{"className":42,"code":51556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51558,51559,51587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51560,51561,51563,51565,51567,51569,51571,51573,51575,51577,51579,51581,51583,51585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51562,3525],{"class":55},[49,51564,60],{"class":59},[49,51566,10398],{"class":85},[49,51568,1223],{"class":458},[49,51570,341],{"class":85},[49,51572,2896],{"class":458},[49,51574,341],{"class":85},[49,51576,2354],{"class":458},[49,51578,341],{"class":85},[49,51580,2354],{"class":458},[49,51582,341],{"class":85},[49,51584,2896],{"class":458},[49,51586,9215],{"class":85},[49,51588,51589,51591,51593,51595,51597,51599,51601],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51590,110],{"class":109},[49,51592,92],{"class":85},[49,51594,1631],{"class":109},[49,51596,92],{"class":85},[49,51598,3556],{"class":88},[49,51600,261],{"class":85},[49,51602,50671],{"class":121},[20,51604,51605],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51607,51608],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[40,51610,51612],{"className":42,"code":51611,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51613,51614,51622,51626,51644],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51615,51616,51618,51620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51617,9071],{"class":55},[49,51619,60],{"class":59},[49,51621,9745],{"class":85},[49,51623,51624],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51625,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,51627,51628,51630,51632,51634,51636,51638,51640,51642],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,51629,1211],{"class":1210},[49,51631,38289],{"class":109},[49,51633,92],{"class":85},[49,51635,9110],{"class":88},[49,51637,118],{"class":85},[49,51639,6315],{"class":59},[49,51641,770],{"class":458},[49,51643,1226],{"class":85},[49,51645,51646,51648,51650,51652,51655,51657],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,51647,1273],{"class":109},[49,51649,92],{"class":85},[49,51651,95],{"class":63},[49,51653,51654],{"class":67},"The dictionary is empty",[49,51656,95],{"class":63},[49,51658,103],{"class":85},[181,51660,1136],{"id":1135},[20,51662,51663,51664,32],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51665,42261],{},[353,51667,51669],{"id":51668},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[40,51671,51673],{"className":42,"code":51672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51674,51675,51683,51687,51705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51676,51677,51679,51681],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51678,7687],{"class":55},[49,51680,60],{"class":59},[49,51682,7747],{"class":85},[49,51684,51685],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51686,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,51688,51689,51691,51693,51695,51697,51699,51701,51703],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,51690,1211],{"class":1210},[49,51692,38289],{"class":109},[49,51694,92],{"class":85},[49,51696,7718],{"class":88},[49,51698,118],{"class":85},[49,51700,6315],{"class":59},[49,51702,770],{"class":458},[49,51704,1226],{"class":85},[49,51706,51707,51709,51711,51713,51716,51718],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,51708,1273],{"class":109},[49,51710,92],{"class":85},[49,51712,95],{"class":63},[49,51714,51715],{"class":67},"The list is empty",[49,51717,95],{"class":63},[49,51719,103],{"class":85},[353,51721,51723],{"id":51722},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[40,51725,51727],{"className":42,"code":51726,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51728,51729,51748],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51730,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741,51744,51746],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51732,6061],{"class":55},[49,51734,60],{"class":59},[49,51736,8151],{"class":109},[49,51738,92],{"class":85},[49,51740,95],{"class":63},[49,51742,51743],{"class":67},"Enter a word: ",[49,51745,95],{"class":63},[49,51747,103],{"class":85},[49,51749,51750,51752,51754,51756,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51751,110],{"class":109},[49,51753,92],{"class":85},[49,51755,95],{"class":63},[49,51757,51758],{"class":67},"Number of characters:",[49,51760,95],{"class":63},[49,51762,341],{"class":85},[49,51764,38289],{"class":109},[49,51766,92],{"class":85},[49,51768,1576],{"class":88},[49,51770,1581],{"class":85},[353,51772,51774],{"id":51773},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[40,51776,51778],{"className":42,"code":51777,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51779,51780,51794,51798,51816,51831,51837],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51781,51782,51785,51787,51789,51792],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51783,51784],{"class":55},"password ",[49,51786,60],{"class":59},[49,51788,64],{"class":63},[49,51790,51791],{"class":67},"secret123",[49,51793,71],{"class":63},[49,51795,51796],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51797,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,51799,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812,51814],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,51801,1211],{"class":1210},[49,51803,38289],{"class":109},[49,51805,92],{"class":85},[49,51807,17531],{"class":88},[49,51809,118],{"class":85},[49,51811,51187],{"class":59},[49,51813,6267],{"class":458},[49,51815,1226],{"class":85},[49,51817,51818,51820,51822,51824,51827,51829],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,51819,1273],{"class":109},[49,51821,92],{"class":85},[49,51823,95],{"class":63},[49,51825,51826],{"class":67},"Password length is valid",[49,51828,95],{"class":63},[49,51830,103],{"class":85},[49,51832,51833,51835],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,51834,1416],{"class":1210},[49,51836,1226],{"class":85},[49,51838,51839,51841,51843,51845,51848,51850],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,51840,1273],{"class":109},[49,51842,92],{"class":85},[49,51844,95],{"class":63},[49,51846,51847],{"class":67},"Password is too short",[49,51849,95],{"class":63},[49,51851,103],{"class":85},[353,51853,51855],{"id":51854},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[40,51857,51859],{"className":42,"code":51858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51860,51861,51897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51862,51863,51866,51868,51870,51872,51875,51877,51879,51881,51884,51886,51888,51890,51893,51895],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51864,51865],{"class":55},"results ",[49,51867,60],{"class":59},[49,51869,3530],{"class":85},[49,51871,95],{"class":63},[49,51873,51874],{"class":67},"item1",[49,51876,95],{"class":63},[49,51878,341],{"class":85},[49,51880,64],{"class":63},[49,51882,51883],{"class":67},"item2",[49,51885,95],{"class":63},[49,51887,341],{"class":85},[49,51889,64],{"class":63},[49,51891,51892],{"class":67},"item3",[49,51894,95],{"class":63},[49,51896,1244],{"class":85},[49,51898,51899,51901,51903,51905,51908,51910,51912,51914,51916,51919],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,51900,110],{"class":109},[49,51902,92],{"class":85},[49,51904,95],{"class":63},[49,51906,51907],{"class":67},"Items found:",[49,51909,95],{"class":63},[49,51911,341],{"class":85},[49,51913,38289],{"class":109},[49,51915,92],{"class":85},[49,51917,51918],{"class":88},"results",[49,51920,1581],{"class":85},[20,51922,51923],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[181,51925,51927],{"id":51926},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51929,51930,51932],{},[15,51931,42261],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51934,51935,51936,1197],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51937,2909],{},[194,51939,51940,51943,51946],{},[197,51941,51942],{},"plain integers",[197,51944,51945],{},"floats",[197,51947,51948],{},[15,51949,3684],{},[20,51951,214],{},[40,51953,51955],{"className":42,"code":51954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51956,51957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51958,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51960,110],{"class":109},[49,51962,92],{"class":85},[49,51964,1631],{"class":109},[49,51966,92],{"class":85},[49,51968,2040],{"class":458},[49,51970,1581],{"class":85},[20,51972,51973,51974,51976],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51975,2040],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51978,51979],{},"Another example:",[40,51981,51983],{"className":42,"code":51982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51984,51985],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,51986,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,51988,110],{"class":109},[49,51990,92],{"class":85},[49,51992,1631],{"class":109},[49,51994,92],{"class":85},[49,51996,40046],{"class":458},[49,51998,1581],{"class":85},[20,52000,52001,52002,1197],{},"And with ",[15,52003,3684],{},[40,52005,52007],{"className":42,"code":52006,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52008,52009,52017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52010,52011,52013,52015],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52012,2349],{"class":55},[49,52014,60],{"class":59},[49,52016,48427],{"class":3757},[49,52018,52019,52021,52023,52025,52027,52029],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52020,110],{"class":109},[49,52022,92],{"class":85},[49,52024,1631],{"class":109},[49,52026,92],{"class":85},[49,52028,338],{"class":88},[49,52030,1581],{"class":85},[20,52032,52033,52034,32],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[820,52035,52037],{"href":52036},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[181,52039,52041],{"id":52040},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52043,52044,52045,52047],{},"Before using ",[15,52046,42261],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52049,52050],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[40,52052,52054],{"className":42,"code":52053,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52055,52056,52064,52068,52078,52092,52110,52128],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52057,52058,52060,52062],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52059,2349],{"class":55},[49,52061,60],{"class":59},[49,52063,48427],{"class":3757},[49,52065,52066],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52067,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,52069,52070,52072,52074,52076],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,52071,110],{"class":109},[49,52073,92],{"class":85},[49,52075,338],{"class":88},[49,52077,103],{"class":85},[49,52079,52080,52082,52084,52086,52088,52090],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,52081,110],{"class":109},[49,52083,92],{"class":85},[49,52085,3127],{"class":2804},[49,52087,92],{"class":85},[49,52089,338],{"class":88},[49,52091,1581],{"class":85},[49,52093,52094,52096,52098,52100,52102,52104,52106,52108],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,52095,110],{"class":109},[49,52097,92],{"class":85},[49,52099,48775],{"class":109},[49,52101,92],{"class":85},[49,52103,338],{"class":88},[49,52105,341],{"class":85},[49,52107,48804],{"class":2804},[49,52109,1581],{"class":85},[49,52111,52112,52114,52116,52118,52120,52122,52124,52126],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,52113,110],{"class":109},[49,52115,92],{"class":85},[49,52117,48775],{"class":109},[49,52119,92],{"class":85},[49,52121,338],{"class":88},[49,52123,341],{"class":85},[49,52125,22469],{"class":2804},[49,52127,1581],{"class":85},[49,52129,52130,52132,52134,52136,52138,52140,52142,52144],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,52131,110],{"class":109},[49,52133,92],{"class":85},[49,52135,48775],{"class":109},[49,52137,92],{"class":85},[49,52139,338],{"class":88},[49,52141,341],{"class":85},[49,52143,9076],{"class":2804},[49,52145,1581],{"class":85},[20,52147,52148],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52150,52151],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[40,52153,52155],{"className":42,"code":52154,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52156,52157,52169,52173,52187],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52158,52159,52161,52163,52165,52167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52160,2349],{"class":55},[49,52162,60],{"class":59},[49,52164,64],{"class":63},[49,52166,917],{"class":67},[49,52168,71],{"class":63},[49,52170,52171],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52172,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,52174,52175,52177,52179,52181,52183,52185],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,52176,1211],{"class":1210},[49,52178,21494],{"class":55},[49,52180,12101],{"class":59},[49,52182,8008],{"class":59},[49,52184,3758],{"class":3757},[49,52186,1226],{"class":85},[49,52188,52189,52191,52193,52195,52197,52199],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,52190,1273],{"class":109},[49,52192,92],{"class":85},[49,52194,1631],{"class":109},[49,52196,92],{"class":85},[49,52198,338],{"class":88},[49,52200,1581],{"class":85},[20,52202,52203,52204,32],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[820,52205,8350],{"href":2201},[181,52207,1308],{"id":1307},[20,52209,23004,52210,1197],{},[15,52211,42261],{},[194,52213,52214,52222,52230,52238,52244],{},[197,52215,644,52216,52218,52219],{},[15,52217,42261],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52220,52221],{},"len(5)",[197,52223,644,52224,52226,52227],{},[15,52225,42261],{}," on a float like ",[15,52228,52229],{},"len(3.14)",[197,52231,644,52232,52234,52235,52237],{},[15,52233,42261],{}," on ",[15,52236,3684],{}," after a function returns nothing",[197,52239,1347,52240,52243],{},[15,52241,52242],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[197,52245,52246],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52248,52249],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[40,52251,52253],{"className":42,"code":52252,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52254,52255,52291],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52256,52257,52259,52261,52263,52265,52267,52269,52271,52273,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283,52285,52287,52289],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52258,13113],{"class":55},[49,52260,60],{"class":59},[49,52262,10398],{"class":85},[49,52264,95],{"class":63},[49,52266,7575],{"class":67},[49,52268,95],{"class":63},[49,52270,1197],{"class":85},[49,52272,64],{"class":63},[49,52274,12788],{"class":67},[49,52276,95],{"class":63},[49,52278,341],{"class":85},[49,52280,64],{"class":63},[49,52282,9205],{"class":67},[49,52284,95],{"class":63},[49,52286,1197],{"class":85},[49,52288,7698],{"class":458},[49,52290,9215],{"class":85},[49,52292,52293,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303,52305],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52294,110],{"class":109},[49,52296,92],{"class":85},[49,52298,1631],{"class":109},[49,52300,92],{"class":85},[49,52302,17218],{"class":88},[49,52304,261],{"class":85},[49,52306,51314],{"class":121},[20,52308,37499,52309,52311,52312,380,52314,32],{},[15,52310,312],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52313,15150],{},[15,52315,52316],{},"\"age\"",[20,52318,52319],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[40,52321,52323],{"className":42,"code":52322,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52324,52325,52338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52326,52327,52329,52331,52333,52336],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52328,56],{"class":55},[49,52330,60],{"class":59},[49,52332,64],{"class":63},[49,52334,52335],{"class":67},"a b",[49,52337,71],{"class":63},[49,52339,52340,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52341,110],{"class":109},[49,52343,92],{"class":85},[49,52345,1631],{"class":109},[49,52347,92],{"class":85},[49,52349,245],{"class":88},[49,52351,261],{"class":85},[49,52353,50671],{"class":121},[20,52355,52356],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[181,52358,1704],{"id":1703},[353,52360,52362],{"id":52361},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52364,52365],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[353,52367,52369],{"id":52368},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52371,52372],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[353,52374,52376],{"id":52375},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52378,52379],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[353,52381,52383],{"id":52382},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52385,52386,52387,52389,52390,634,52392,1007,52394,32],{},"No. Using ",[15,52388,42261],{}," on an ",[15,52391,2090],{},[15,52393,2094],{},[15,52395,2909],{},[353,52397,52399],{"id":52398},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52401,7670,52402,32],{},[15,52403,52404],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52406,214],{},[40,52408,52410],{"className":42,"code":52409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52411,52412,52420,52424,52442],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52413,52414,52416,52418],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52415,8217],{"class":55},[49,52417,60],{"class":59},[49,52419,7747],{"class":85},[49,52421,52422],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52423,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,52425,52426,52428,52430,52432,52434,52436,52438,52440],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,52427,1211],{"class":1210},[49,52429,38289],{"class":109},[49,52431,92],{"class":85},[49,52433,8248],{"class":88},[49,52435,118],{"class":85},[49,52437,6315],{"class":59},[49,52439,770],{"class":458},[49,52441,1226],{"class":85},[49,52443,52444,52446,52448,52450,52453,52455],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,52445,1273],{"class":109},[49,52447,92],{"class":85},[49,52449,95],{"class":63},[49,52451,52452],{"class":67},"Empty list",[49,52454,95],{"class":63},[49,52456,103],{"class":85},[20,52458,52459,52460,52462,52463,52465,52466,52468],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52461,637],{}," in an ",[15,52464,1211],{}," statement, but ",[15,52467,42261],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[181,52470,1775],{"id":1774},[194,52472,52473,52477,52481,52485,52490,52494,52500],{},[197,52474,52475],{},[820,52476,50876],{"href":50875},[197,52478,52479],{},[820,52480,50880],{"href":50879},[197,52482,52483],{},[820,52484,9061],{"href":9060},[197,52486,52487],{},[820,52488,52489],{"href":51445},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[197,52491,52492],{},[820,52493,8350],{"href":2201},[197,52495,52496],{},[820,52497,52499],{"href":52498},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[197,52501,52502],{},[820,52503,52504],{"href":52036},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1834,52506,52507],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":52509},[52510,52511,52512,52513,52514,52515,52516,52522,52523,52524,52525,52532],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":50679,"depth":74,"text":50680},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":51023,"depth":74,"text":51024},{"id":51209,"depth":74,"text":51210},{"id":51449,"depth":74,"text":51450},{"id":1135,"depth":74,"text":1136,"children":52517},[52518,52519,52520,52521],{"id":51668,"depth":106,"text":51669},{"id":51722,"depth":106,"text":51723},{"id":51773,"depth":106,"text":51774},{"id":51854,"depth":106,"text":51855},{"id":51926,"depth":74,"text":51927},{"id":52040,"depth":74,"text":52041},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":52526},[52527,52528,52529,52530,52531],{"id":52361,"depth":106,"text":52362},{"id":52368,"depth":106,"text":52369},{"id":52375,"depth":106,"text":52376},{"id":52382,"depth":106,"text":52383},{"id":52398,"depth":106,"text":52399},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50562,"description":52533},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52540,"title":52541,"body":52542,"description":54226,"extension":1866,"meta":54227,"navigation":128,"path":54228,"seo":54229,"stem":54230,"__hash__":54231},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52543,"toc":54199},[52544,52547,52560,52566,52568,52622,52627,52631,52647,52650,52664,52670,52672,52675,52694,52710,52712,52788,52790,52827,52838,52840,52843,52904,52906,52939,52942,52948,52952,52955,53080,53082,53141,53149,53202,53204,53231,53237,53247,53251,53254,53259,53311,53313,53339,53345,53399,53401,53426,53429,53453,53459,53461,53465,53467,53524,53526,53534,53536,53558,53560,53613,53615,53639,53643,53645,53684,53686,53694,53700,53704,53756,53758,53784,53792,53796,53801,53810,53812,53878,53880,53912,53916,53921,53923,53937,53940,54013,54015,54041,54043,54047,54054,54058,54065,54069,54072,54074,54127,54129,54155,54159,54168,54170,54196],[10,52545,52541],{"id":52546},"python-list-append-method",[20,52548,661,52549,52552,52553,52556,52557,52559],{},[15,52550,52551],{},"append()"," method adds ",[666,52554,52555],{},"one item"," to the ",[666,52558,374],{}," of a Python list.",[20,52561,52562,52563,52565],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[666,52564,4536],{}," create a new list.",[181,52567,3515],{"id":3514},[40,52569,52571],{"className":42,"code":52570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52572,52573,52593,52607,52617],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52574,52575,52577,52579,52581,52583,52585,52587,52589,52591],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52576,3525],{"class":55},[49,52578,60],{"class":59},[49,52580,3530],{"class":85},[49,52582,1223],{"class":458},[49,52584,341],{"class":85},[49,52586,2896],{"class":458},[49,52588,341],{"class":85},[49,52590,2354],{"class":458},[49,52592,1244],{"class":85},[49,52594,52595,52597,52599,52601,52603,52605],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52596,3556],{"class":55},[49,52598,32],{"class":85},[49,52600,13462],{"class":88},[49,52602,92],{"class":85},[49,52604,2407],{"class":458},[49,52606,103],{"class":85},[49,52608,52609,52611,52613,52615],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,52610,110],{"class":109},[49,52612,92],{"class":85},[49,52614,3556],{"class":88},[49,52616,103],{"class":85},[49,52618,52619],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,52620,52621],{"class":121},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52623,35,52624,52626],{},[15,52625,52551],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[181,52628,52630],{"id":52629},"what-append-does","What append() does",[194,52632,52633,52638,52641,52644],{},[197,52634,52635,52637],{},[15,52636,52551],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[197,52639,52640],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[197,52642,52643],{},"It does not create a new list",[197,52645,52646],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52648,52649],{},"This means you can append:",[194,52651,52652,52654,52656,52658,52660,52662],{},[197,52653,3556],{},[197,52655,5216],{},[197,52657,40497],{},[197,52659,5207],{},[197,52661,7157],{},[197,52663,34570],{},[20,52665,52666,52667,32],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[820,52668,52669],{"href":50879},"Python lists explained for beginners",[181,52671,5338],{"id":5337},[20,52673,52674],{},"Basic form:",[40,52676,52678],{"className":42,"code":52677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52679,52680],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52681,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690,52692],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52683,8248],{"class":55},[49,52685,32],{"class":85},[49,52687,13462],{"class":88},[49,52689,92],{"class":85},[49,52691,23220],{"class":88},[49,52693,103],{"class":85},[194,52695,52696,52701,52706],{},[197,52697,52698,52700],{},[15,52699,8248],{}," is the list you want to change",[197,52702,52703,52705],{},[15,52704,23220],{}," is the value or object to add",[197,52707,11818,52708],{},[15,52709,3684],{},[20,52711,214],{},[40,52713,52715],{"className":42,"code":52714,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52716,52717,52741,52764,52768,52778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52718,52719,52721,52723,52725,52727,52729,52731,52733,52735,52737,52739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52720,36143],{"class":55},[49,52722,60],{"class":59},[49,52724,3530],{"class":85},[49,52726,95],{"class":63},[49,52728,3985],{"class":67},[49,52730,95],{"class":63},[49,52732,341],{"class":85},[49,52734,64],{"class":63},[49,52736,230],{"class":67},[49,52738,95],{"class":63},[49,52740,1244],{"class":85},[49,52742,52743,52745,52747,52750,52752,52754,52756,52758,52760,52762],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52744,2131],{"class":55},[49,52746,60],{"class":59},[49,52748,52749],{"class":55}," fruits",[49,52751,32],{"class":85},[49,52753,13462],{"class":88},[49,52755,92],{"class":85},[49,52757,95],{"class":63},[49,52759,33128],{"class":67},[49,52761,95],{"class":63},[49,52763,103],{"class":85},[49,52765,52766],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,52767,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,52769,52770,52772,52774,52776],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,52771,110],{"class":109},[49,52773,92],{"class":85},[49,52775,36195],{"class":88},[49,52777,103],{"class":85},[49,52779,52780,52782,52784,52786],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,52781,110],{"class":109},[49,52783,92],{"class":85},[49,52785,2166],{"class":88},[49,52787,103],{"class":85},[20,52789,1974],{},[40,52791,52793],{"className":42,"code":52792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52794,52795,52823],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52796,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815,52817,52819,52821],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52798,1256],{"class":85},[49,52800,1573],{"class":63},[49,52802,3985],{"class":67},[49,52804,1573],{"class":63},[49,52806,341],{"class":85},[49,52808,3202],{"class":63},[49,52810,230],{"class":67},[49,52812,1573],{"class":63},[49,52814,341],{"class":85},[49,52816,3202],{"class":63},[49,52818,33128],{"class":67},[49,52820,1573],{"class":63},[49,52822,1244],{"class":85},[49,52824,52825],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52826,11715],{"class":3757},[20,52828,52829,52830,52832,52833,52835,52836,32],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52831,52551],{}," updates ",[15,52834,36195],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52837,3684],{},[181,52839,11381],{"id":11380},[20,52841,52842],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[40,52844,52846],{"className":42,"code":52845,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52847,52848,52872,52890,52894],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52849,52850,52852,52854,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52851,12984],{"class":55},[49,52853,60],{"class":59},[49,52855,3530],{"class":85},[49,52857,95],{"class":63},[49,52859,13001],{"class":67},[49,52861,95],{"class":63},[49,52863,341],{"class":85},[49,52865,64],{"class":63},[49,52867,13018],{"class":67},[49,52869,95],{"class":63},[49,52871,1244],{"class":85},[49,52873,52874,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52875,17412],{"class":55},[49,52877,32],{"class":85},[49,52879,13462],{"class":88},[49,52881,92],{"class":85},[49,52883,95],{"class":63},[49,52885,17365],{"class":67},[49,52887,95],{"class":63},[49,52889,103],{"class":85},[49,52891,52892],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,52893,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,52895,52896,52898,52900,52902],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,52897,110],{"class":109},[49,52899,92],{"class":85},[49,52901,17412],{"class":88},[49,52903,103],{"class":85},[20,52905,1974],{},[40,52907,52909],{"className":42,"code":52908,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52910,52911],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52912,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931,52933,52935,52937],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52914,1256],{"class":85},[49,52916,1573],{"class":63},[49,52918,13001],{"class":67},[49,52920,1573],{"class":63},[49,52922,341],{"class":85},[49,52924,3202],{"class":63},[49,52926,13018],{"class":67},[49,52928,1573],{"class":63},[49,52930,341],{"class":85},[49,52932,3202],{"class":63},[49,52934,17365],{"class":67},[49,52936,1573],{"class":63},[49,52938,1244],{"class":85},[20,52940,52941],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52943,30989,52944,32],{},[820,52945,52947],{"href":52946},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[181,52949,52951],{"id":52950},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52953,52954],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[40,52956,52958],{"className":42,"code":52957,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52959,52960,52968,52972,52986,53004,53018,53044,53066,53070],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,52961,52962,52964,52966],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,52963,7687],{"class":55},[49,52965,60],{"class":59},[49,52967,7747],{"class":85},[49,52969,52970],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,52971,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,52973,52974,52976,52978,52980,52982,52984],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,52975,7718],{"class":55},[49,52977,32],{"class":85},[49,52979,13462],{"class":88},[49,52981,92],{"class":85},[49,52983,2233],{"class":458},[49,52985,103],{"class":85},[49,52987,52988,52990,52992,52994,52996,52998,53000,53002],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,52989,7718],{"class":55},[49,52991,32],{"class":85},[49,52993,13462],{"class":88},[49,52995,92],{"class":85},[49,52997,95],{"class":63},[49,52999,917],{"class":67},[49,53001,95],{"class":63},[49,53003,103],{"class":85},[49,53005,53006,53008,53010,53012,53014,53016],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,53007,7718],{"class":55},[49,53009,32],{"class":85},[49,53011,13462],{"class":88},[49,53013,92],{"class":85},[49,53015,633],{"class":3757},[49,53017,103],{"class":85},[49,53019,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030,53032,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,53021,7718],{"class":55},[49,53023,32],{"class":85},[49,53025,13462],{"class":88},[49,53027,5436],{"class":85},[49,53029,95],{"class":63},[49,53031,7575],{"class":67},[49,53033,95],{"class":63},[49,53035,1197],{"class":85},[49,53037,64],{"class":63},[49,53039,7584],{"class":67},[49,53041,95],{"class":63},[49,53043,30402],{"class":85},[49,53045,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,53047,7718],{"class":55},[49,53049,32],{"class":85},[49,53051,13462],{"class":88},[49,53053,2889],{"class":85},[49,53055,1223],{"class":458},[49,53057,341],{"class":85},[49,53059,2896],{"class":458},[49,53061,341],{"class":85},[49,53063,2354],{"class":458},[49,53065,3794],{"class":85},[49,53067,53068],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,53069,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,53071,53072,53074,53076,53078],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,53073,110],{"class":109},[49,53075,92],{"class":85},[49,53077,7718],{"class":88},[49,53079,103],{"class":85},[20,53081,1974],{},[40,53083,53085],{"className":42,"code":53084,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53086,53087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53088,53089,53091,53093,53095,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109,53111,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53126,53128,53130,53132,53134,53136,53138],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53090,1256],{"class":85},[49,53092,2233],{"class":458},[49,53094,341],{"class":85},[49,53096,3202],{"class":63},[49,53098,917],{"class":67},[49,53100,1573],{"class":63},[49,53102,341],{"class":85},[49,53104,3821],{"class":3757},[49,53106,341],{"class":85},[49,53108,10398],{"class":85},[49,53110,1573],{"class":63},[49,53112,7575],{"class":67},[49,53114,1573],{"class":63},[49,53116,1197],{"class":85},[49,53118,3202],{"class":63},[49,53120,7584],{"class":67},[49,53122,1573],{"class":63},[49,53124,53125],{"class":85},"},",[49,53127,3530],{"class":85},[49,53129,1223],{"class":458},[49,53131,341],{"class":85},[49,53133,2896],{"class":458},[49,53135,341],{"class":85},[49,53137,2354],{"class":458},[49,53139,53140],{"class":85},"]]\n",[20,53142,53143,53144,42055,53146,32],{},"A list added with ",[15,53145,52551],{},[666,53147,53148],{},"one single item",[40,53150,53152],{"className":42,"code":53151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53153,53154,53170,53188,53192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53155,53156,53158,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53157,3525],{"class":55},[49,53159,60],{"class":59},[49,53161,3530],{"class":85},[49,53163,1223],{"class":458},[49,53165,341],{"class":85},[49,53167,2896],{"class":458},[49,53169,1244],{"class":85},[49,53171,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,53173,3556],{"class":55},[49,53175,32],{"class":85},[49,53177,13462],{"class":88},[49,53179,2889],{"class":85},[49,53181,1965],{"class":458},[49,53183,341],{"class":85},[49,53185,808],{"class":458},[49,53187,3794],{"class":85},[49,53189,53190],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,53191,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,53193,53194,53196,53198,53200],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,53195,110],{"class":109},[49,53197,92],{"class":85},[49,53199,3556],{"class":88},[49,53201,103],{"class":85},[20,53203,1974],{},[40,53205,53207],{"className":42,"code":53206,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53208,53209],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53210,53211,53213,53215,53217,53219,53221,53223,53225,53227,53229],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53212,1256],{"class":85},[49,53214,1223],{"class":458},[49,53216,341],{"class":85},[49,53218,2896],{"class":458},[49,53220,341],{"class":85},[49,53222,3530],{"class":85},[49,53224,1965],{"class":458},[49,53226,341],{"class":85},[49,53228,808],{"class":458},[49,53230,53140],{"class":85},[20,53232,2188,53233,53236],{},[15,53234,53235],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53238,53239,53240,53246],{},"This is different from ",[820,53241,53243],{"href":53242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53244,53245],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[181,53248,53250],{"id":53249},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53252,53253],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[353,53255,644,53257],{"id":53256},"using-append",[15,53258,52551],{},[40,53260,53261],{"className":42,"code":53151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53262,53263,53279,53297,53301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53264,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53266,3525],{"class":55},[49,53268,60],{"class":59},[49,53270,3530],{"class":85},[49,53272,1223],{"class":458},[49,53274,341],{"class":85},[49,53276,2896],{"class":458},[49,53278,1244],{"class":85},[49,53280,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,53282,3556],{"class":55},[49,53284,32],{"class":85},[49,53286,13462],{"class":88},[49,53288,2889],{"class":85},[49,53290,1965],{"class":458},[49,53292,341],{"class":85},[49,53294,808],{"class":458},[49,53296,3794],{"class":85},[49,53298,53299],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,53300,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,53302,53303,53305,53307,53309],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,53304,110],{"class":109},[49,53306,92],{"class":85},[49,53308,3556],{"class":88},[49,53310,103],{"class":85},[20,53312,1974],{},[40,53314,53315],{"className":42,"code":53206,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53316,53317],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53318,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53320,1256],{"class":85},[49,53322,1223],{"class":458},[49,53324,341],{"class":85},[49,53326,2896],{"class":458},[49,53328,341],{"class":85},[49,53330,3530],{"class":85},[49,53332,1965],{"class":458},[49,53334,341],{"class":85},[49,53336,808],{"class":458},[49,53338,53140],{"class":85},[353,53340,644,53342],{"id":53341},"using-extend",[15,53343,53344],{},"extend()",[40,53346,53348],{"className":42,"code":53347,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53349,53350,53366,53385,53389],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53351,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53353,3525],{"class":55},[49,53355,60],{"class":59},[49,53357,3530],{"class":85},[49,53359,1223],{"class":458},[49,53361,341],{"class":85},[49,53363,2896],{"class":458},[49,53365,1244],{"class":85},[49,53367,53368,53370,53372,53375,53377,53379,53381,53383],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,53369,3556],{"class":55},[49,53371,32],{"class":85},[49,53373,53374],{"class":88},"extend",[49,53376,2889],{"class":85},[49,53378,1965],{"class":458},[49,53380,341],{"class":85},[49,53382,808],{"class":458},[49,53384,3794],{"class":85},[49,53386,53387],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,53388,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,53390,53391,53393,53395,53397],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,53392,110],{"class":109},[49,53394,92],{"class":85},[49,53396,3556],{"class":88},[49,53398,103],{"class":85},[20,53400,1974],{},[40,53402,53404],{"className":42,"code":53403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53405,53406],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53407,53408,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53409,1256],{"class":85},[49,53411,1223],{"class":458},[49,53413,341],{"class":85},[49,53415,2896],{"class":458},[49,53417,341],{"class":85},[49,53419,2354],{"class":458},[49,53421,341],{"class":85},[49,53423,808],{"class":458},[49,53425,1244],{"class":85},[20,53427,53428],{},"The difference:",[194,53430,53431,53437,53443,53448],{},[197,53432,53433,53436],{},[15,53434,53435],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[197,53438,53439,53442],{},[15,53440,53441],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[197,53444,35,53445,53447],{},[15,53446,52551],{}," for one item",[197,53449,35,53450,53452],{},[15,53451,53344],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53454,53455,53456,32],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[820,53457,53458],{"href":53242},"Python list extend() method",[181,53460,4425],{"id":4424},[353,53462,53464],{"id":53463},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53466,25600],{},[40,53468,53470],{"className":42,"code":53469,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53471,53472,53492,53510,53514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53473,53474,53476,53478,53480,53482,53484,53486,53488,53490],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53475,7687],{"class":55},[49,53477,60],{"class":59},[49,53479,3530],{"class":85},[49,53481,1223],{"class":458},[49,53483,341],{"class":85},[49,53485,2896],{"class":458},[49,53487,341],{"class":85},[49,53489,2354],{"class":458},[49,53491,1244],{"class":85},[49,53493,53494,53496,53498,53500,53502,53504,53506,53508],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,53495,7687],{"class":55},[49,53497,60],{"class":59},[49,53499,5873],{"class":55},[49,53501,32],{"class":85},[49,53503,13462],{"class":88},[49,53505,92],{"class":85},[49,53507,2407],{"class":458},[49,53509,103],{"class":85},[49,53511,53512],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,53513,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,53515,53516,53518,53520,53522],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,53517,110],{"class":109},[49,53519,92],{"class":85},[49,53521,7718],{"class":88},[49,53523,103],{"class":85},[20,53525,1974],{},[40,53527,53528],{"className":42,"code":11715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53529,53530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53531,53532],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53533,11715],{"class":3757},[20,53535,11807],{},[194,53537,53538,53543,53549],{},[197,53539,53540,53542],{},[15,53541,52551],{}," changes the list in place",[197,53544,53545,1000,53547],{},[15,53546,52551],{},[15,53548,3684],{},[197,53550,53551,53552,53555,53556],{},"So ",[15,53553,53554],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53557,3684],{},[20,53559,10714],{},[40,53561,53563],{"className":42,"code":53562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53564,53565,53585,53599,53603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53566,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577,53579,53581,53583],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53568,7687],{"class":55},[49,53570,60],{"class":59},[49,53572,3530],{"class":85},[49,53574,1223],{"class":458},[49,53576,341],{"class":85},[49,53578,2896],{"class":458},[49,53580,341],{"class":85},[49,53582,2354],{"class":458},[49,53584,1244],{"class":85},[49,53586,53587,53589,53591,53593,53595,53597],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,53588,7718],{"class":55},[49,53590,32],{"class":85},[49,53592,13462],{"class":88},[49,53594,92],{"class":85},[49,53596,2407],{"class":458},[49,53598,103],{"class":85},[49,53600,53601],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,53602,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,53604,53605,53607,53609,53611],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,53606,110],{"class":109},[49,53608,92],{"class":85},[49,53610,7718],{"class":88},[49,53612,103],{"class":85},[20,53614,1974],{},[40,53616,53617],{"className":42,"code":53403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53618,53619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53620,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633,53635,53637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53622,1256],{"class":85},[49,53624,1223],{"class":458},[49,53626,341],{"class":85},[49,53628,2896],{"class":458},[49,53630,341],{"class":85},[49,53632,2354],{"class":458},[49,53634,341],{"class":85},[49,53636,808],{"class":458},[49,53638,1244],{"class":85},[353,53640,53642],{"id":53641},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53644,18824],{},[40,53646,53648],{"className":42,"code":53647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53649,53650,53674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53651,53652,53654,53656,53658,53660,53662,53664,53666,53668,53670,53672],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53653,31789],{"class":55},[49,53655,60],{"class":59},[49,53657,3530],{"class":85},[49,53659,1223],{"class":458},[49,53661,341],{"class":85},[49,53663,2896],{"class":458},[49,53665,13459],{"class":85},[49,53667,13462],{"class":88},[49,53669,92],{"class":85},[49,53671,1965],{"class":458},[49,53673,103],{"class":85},[49,53675,53676,53678,53680,53682],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,53677,110],{"class":109},[49,53679,92],{"class":85},[49,53681,31808],{"class":88},[49,53683,103],{"class":85},[20,53685,1974],{},[40,53687,53688],{"className":42,"code":11715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53689,53690],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53691,53692],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53693,11715],{"class":3757},[20,53695,53696,53697,53699],{},"Remember: ",[15,53698,52551],{}," updates the list you already have.",[353,53701,53703],{"id":53702},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[40,53705,53706],{"className":42,"code":53151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53707,53708,53724,53742,53746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53709,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720,53722],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53711,3525],{"class":55},[49,53713,60],{"class":59},[49,53715,3530],{"class":85},[49,53717,1223],{"class":458},[49,53719,341],{"class":85},[49,53721,2896],{"class":458},[49,53723,1244],{"class":85},[49,53725,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,53727,3556],{"class":55},[49,53729,32],{"class":85},[49,53731,13462],{"class":88},[49,53733,2889],{"class":85},[49,53735,1965],{"class":458},[49,53737,341],{"class":85},[49,53739,808],{"class":458},[49,53741,3794],{"class":85},[49,53743,53744],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,53745,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,53747,53748,53750,53752,53754],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,53749,110],{"class":109},[49,53751,92],{"class":85},[49,53753,3556],{"class":88},[49,53755,103],{"class":85},[20,53757,1974],{},[40,53759,53760],{"className":42,"code":53206,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53761,53762],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53763,53764,53766,53768,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780,53782],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53765,1256],{"class":85},[49,53767,1223],{"class":458},[49,53769,341],{"class":85},[49,53771,2896],{"class":458},[49,53773,341],{"class":85},[49,53775,3530],{"class":85},[49,53777,1965],{"class":458},[49,53779,341],{"class":85},[49,53781,808],{"class":458},[49,53783,53140],{"class":85},[20,53785,3074,53786,53789,53790,6537],{},[15,53787,53788],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53791,53344],{},[353,53793,53795],{"id":53794},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53797,53798,53800],{},[15,53799,52551],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53802,53803,53804,32],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[820,53805,53807],{"href":53806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53808,53809],{},"list.insert()",[20,53811,214],{},[40,53813,53815],{"className":42,"code":53814,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53816,53817,53841,53864,53868],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53818,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831,53833,53835,53837,53839],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53820,35994],{"class":55},[49,53822,60],{"class":59},[49,53824,3530],{"class":85},[49,53826,95],{"class":63},[49,53828,820],{"class":67},[49,53830,95],{"class":63},[49,53832,341],{"class":85},[49,53834,64],{"class":63},[49,53836,9646],{"class":67},[49,53838,95],{"class":63},[49,53840,1244],{"class":85},[49,53842,53843,53845,53847,53850,53852,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,53844,36047],{"class":55},[49,53846,32],{"class":85},[49,53848,53849],{"class":88},"insert",[49,53851,92],{"class":85},[49,53853,1223],{"class":458},[49,53855,341],{"class":85},[49,53857,64],{"class":63},[49,53859,4667],{"class":67},[49,53861,95],{"class":63},[49,53863,103],{"class":85},[49,53865,53866],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,53867,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,53869,53870,53872,53874,53876],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,53871,110],{"class":109},[49,53873,92],{"class":85},[49,53875,36047],{"class":88},[49,53877,103],{"class":85},[20,53879,1974],{},[40,53881,53882],{"className":42,"code":42775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,53883,53884],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53885,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902,53904,53906,53908,53910],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53887,1256],{"class":85},[49,53889,1573],{"class":63},[49,53891,820],{"class":67},[49,53893,1573],{"class":63},[49,53895,341],{"class":85},[49,53897,3202],{"class":63},[49,53899,4667],{"class":67},[49,53901,1573],{"class":63},[49,53903,341],{"class":85},[49,53905,3202],{"class":63},[49,53907,9646],{"class":67},[49,53909,1573],{"class":63},[49,53911,1244],{"class":85},[181,53913,53915],{"id":53914},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53917,53918,53920],{},[15,53919,52551],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53922,36330],{},[194,53924,53925,53928,53931,53934],{},[197,53926,53927],{},"building a list in a loop",[197,53929,53930],{},"collecting user input",[197,53932,53933],{},"storing results step by step",[197,53935,53936],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53938,53939],{},"Example with a loop:",[40,53941,53943],{"className":42,"code":53942,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53944,53945,53954,53958,53979,53998,54002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,53946,53947,53950,53952],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,53948,53949],{"class":55},"squares ",[49,53951,60],{"class":59},[49,53953,7747],{"class":85},[49,53955,53956],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,53957,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,53959,53960,53962,53964,53966,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,53961,5865],{"class":1210},[49,53963,6294],{"class":55},[49,53965,3788],{"class":1210},[49,53967,53968],{"class":109}," range",[49,53970,92],{"class":85},[49,53972,1223],{"class":458},[49,53974,341],{"class":85},[49,53976,459],{"class":458},[49,53978,1396],{"class":85},[49,53980,53981,53984,53986,53988,53990,53992,53994,53996],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,53982,53983],{"class":55},"    squares",[49,53985,32],{"class":85},[49,53987,13462],{"class":88},[49,53989,92],{"class":85},[49,53991,2119],{"class":88},[49,53993,39775],{"class":59},[49,53995,2099],{"class":88},[49,53997,103],{"class":85},[49,53999,54000],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,54001,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54003,54004,54006,54008,54011],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,54005,110],{"class":109},[49,54007,92],{"class":85},[49,54009,54010],{"class":88},"squares",[49,54012,103],{"class":85},[20,54014,1974],{},[40,54016,54018],{"className":42,"code":54017,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54019,54020],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54021,54022,54024,54026,54028,54030,54032,54035,54037,54039],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54023,1256],{"class":85},[49,54025,1223],{"class":458},[49,54027,341],{"class":85},[49,54029,808],{"class":458},[49,54031,341],{"class":85},[49,54033,54034],{"class":458}," 9",[49,54036,341],{"class":85},[49,54038,13897],{"class":458},[49,54040,1244],{"class":85},[181,54042,1704],{"id":1703},[353,54044,54046],{"id":54045},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54048,46264,54049,54051,54052,32],{},[15,54050,52551],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54053,3684],{},[353,54055,54057],{"id":54056},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54059,54060,54061,32],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[820,54062,54063],{"href":53242},[15,54064,53344],{},[353,54066,54068],{"id":54067},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54070,54071],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54073,214],{},[40,54075,54077],{"className":42,"code":54076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54078,54079,54095,54113,54117],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54080,54081,54083,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54082,9071],{"class":55},[49,54084,60],{"class":59},[49,54086,3530],{"class":85},[49,54088,1223],{"class":458},[49,54090,341],{"class":85},[49,54092,2896],{"class":458},[49,54094,1244],{"class":85},[49,54096,54097,54099,54101,54103,54105,54107,54109,54111],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,54098,9110],{"class":55},[49,54100,32],{"class":85},[49,54102,13462],{"class":88},[49,54104,2889],{"class":85},[49,54106,1965],{"class":458},[49,54108,341],{"class":85},[49,54110,808],{"class":458},[49,54112,3794],{"class":85},[49,54114,54115],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,54116,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54118,54119,54121,54123,54125],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,54120,110],{"class":109},[49,54122,92],{"class":85},[49,54124,9110],{"class":88},[49,54126,103],{"class":85},[20,54128,1974],{},[40,54130,54131],{"className":42,"code":53206,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54132,54133],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54134,54135,54137,54139,54141,54143,54145,54147,54149,54151,54153],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54136,1256],{"class":85},[49,54138,1223],{"class":458},[49,54140,341],{"class":85},[49,54142,2896],{"class":458},[49,54144,341],{"class":85},[49,54146,3530],{"class":85},[49,54148,1965],{"class":458},[49,54150,341],{"class":85},[49,54152,808],{"class":458},[49,54154,53140],{"class":85},[353,54156,54158],{"id":54157},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54160,54161,54163,54164,54167],{},[15,54162,52551],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54165,54166],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[181,54169,1775],{"id":1774},[194,54171,54172,54177,54181,54186,54190],{},[197,54173,54174],{},[820,54175,54176],{"href":52946},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[197,54178,54179],{},[820,54180,53458],{"href":53242},[197,54182,54183],{},[820,54184,54185],{"href":53806},"Python list insert() method",[197,54187,54188],{},[820,54189,52669],{"href":50879},[197,54191,54192],{},[820,54193,54195],{"href":54194},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1834,54197,54198],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":54200},[54201,54202,54203,54204,54205,54206,54212,54218,54219,54225],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":52629,"depth":74,"text":52630},{"id":5337,"depth":74,"text":5338},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":52950,"depth":74,"text":52951},{"id":53249,"depth":74,"text":53250,"children":54207},[54208,54210],{"id":53256,"depth":106,"text":54209},"Using append()",{"id":53341,"depth":106,"text":54211},"Using extend()",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":54213},[54214,54215,54216,54217],{"id":53463,"depth":106,"text":53464},{"id":53641,"depth":106,"text":53642},{"id":53702,"depth":106,"text":53703},{"id":53794,"depth":106,"text":53795},{"id":53914,"depth":74,"text":53915},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":54220},[54221,54222,54223,54224],{"id":54045,"depth":106,"text":54046},{"id":54056,"depth":106,"text":54057},{"id":54067,"depth":106,"text":54068},{"id":54157,"depth":106,"text":54158},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52541,"description":54226},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54233,"title":54234,"body":54235,"description":55478,"extension":1866,"meta":55479,"navigation":128,"path":55480,"seo":55481,"stem":55482,"__hash__":55483},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54236,"toc":55443},[54237,54243,54249,54255,54257,54305,54310,54315,54319,54335,54341,54343,54346,54361,54363,54374,54376,54378,54435,54437,54445,54447,54463,54469,54471,54477,54481,54565,54568,54617,54624,54632,54635,54649,54662,54668,54743,54750,54757,54831,54839,54842,54853,54862,54866,54870,54881,54883,54960,54980,54982,54992,54995,55043,55045,55066,55069,55071,55122,55128,55135,55202,55208,55214,55217,55244,55249,55255,55258,55330,55333,55344,55350,55352,55358,55361,55367,55373,55380,55388,55394,55400,55402,55440],[10,54238,54240,54241,18],{"id":54239},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54242,11228],{},[20,54244,54245,54248],{},[15,54246,54247],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54250,54251,54252,54254],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[666,54253,11240],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[181,54256,3515],{"id":3514},[40,54258,54260],{"className":42,"code":54259,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54261,54262,54282,54292],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54263,54264,54266,54268,54270,54272,54274,54276,54278,54280],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54265,7687],{"class":55},[49,54267,60],{"class":59},[49,54269,3530],{"class":85},[49,54271,1223],{"class":458},[49,54273,341],{"class":85},[49,54275,2896],{"class":458},[49,54277,341],{"class":85},[49,54279,2354],{"class":458},[49,54281,1244],{"class":85},[49,54283,54284,54286,54288,54290],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,54285,7718],{"class":55},[49,54287,32],{"class":85},[49,54289,11289],{"class":88},[49,54291,8548],{"class":85},[49,54293,54294,54296,54298,54300,54302],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,54295,110],{"class":109},[49,54297,92],{"class":85},[49,54299,7718],{"class":88},[49,54301,118],{"class":85},[49,54303,54304],{"class":121},"  # []\n",[20,54306,35,54307,54309],{},[15,54308,11228],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[181,54311,184,54313,187],{"id":54312},"what-listclear-does",[15,54314,54247],{},[20,54316,54317,1197],{},[15,54318,54247],{},[194,54320,54321,54324,54327,54332],{},[197,54322,54323],{},"Removes every item from a list",[197,54325,54326],{},"Changes the original list in place",[197,54328,54329,54330],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54331,3693],{},[197,54333,54334],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54336,54337,54338,54340],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54339,11228],{},", but it contains no values.",[181,54342,316],{"id":315},[20,54344,54345],{},"Syntax:",[40,54347,54349],{"className":42,"code":54348,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54350,54351],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54352,54353,54355,54357,54359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54354,8248],{"class":55},[49,54356,32],{"class":85},[49,54358,11289],{"class":88},[49,54360,8548],{"class":85},[20,54362,11364],{},[194,54364,54365,54368,54371],{},[197,54366,54367],{},"Call it on a list object",[197,54369,54370],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[197,54372,54373],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[181,54375,11381],{"id":11380},[20,54377,11384],{},[40,54379,54381],{"className":42,"code":54380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54382,54383,54407,54411,54421,54425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54384,54385,54387,54389,54391,54393,54395,54397,54399,54401,54403,54405],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54386,3525],{"class":55},[49,54388,60],{"class":59},[49,54390,3530],{"class":85},[49,54392,2233],{"class":458},[49,54394,341],{"class":85},[49,54396,7698],{"class":458},[49,54398,341],{"class":85},[49,54400,7703],{"class":458},[49,54402,341],{"class":85},[49,54404,50744],{"class":458},[49,54406,1244],{"class":85},[49,54408,54409],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,54410,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54412,54413,54415,54417,54419],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,54414,3556],{"class":55},[49,54416,32],{"class":85},[49,54418,11289],{"class":88},[49,54420,8548],{"class":85},[49,54422,54423],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,54424,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54426,54427,54429,54431,54433],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,54428,110],{"class":109},[49,54430,92],{"class":85},[49,54432,3556],{"class":88},[49,54434,103],{"class":85},[20,54436,1974],{},[40,54438,54439],{"className":42,"code":38200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54440,54441],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54442,54443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54444,38200],{"class":85},[20,54446,11590],{},[194,54448,54449,54454,54460],{},[197,54450,54451,54453],{},[15,54452,3556],{}," starts with four items",[197,54455,54456,54459],{},[15,54457,54458],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[197,54461,54462],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54464,54465,54466,32],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[820,54467,52669],{"href":54468},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[181,54470,17328],{"id":17327},[20,54472,54473,1000,54475,32],{},[15,54474,11228],{},[15,54476,3684],{},[20,54478,40808,54479,52565],{},[666,54480,4536],{},[40,54482,54484],{"className":42,"code":54483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54485,54486,54518,54522,54536,54540,54553],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54487,54488,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512,54514,54516],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54489,7687],{"class":55},[49,54491,60],{"class":59},[49,54493,3530],{"class":85},[49,54495,95],{"class":63},[49,54497,820],{"class":67},[49,54499,95],{"class":63},[49,54501,341],{"class":85},[49,54503,64],{"class":63},[49,54505,4667],{"class":67},[49,54507,95],{"class":63},[49,54509,341],{"class":85},[49,54511,64],{"class":63},[49,54513,9646],{"class":67},[49,54515,95],{"class":63},[49,54517,1244],{"class":85},[49,54519,54520],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,54521,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54523,54524,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,54525,2131],{"class":55},[49,54527,60],{"class":59},[49,54529,5873],{"class":55},[49,54531,32],{"class":85},[49,54533,11289],{"class":88},[49,54535,8548],{"class":85},[49,54537,54538],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,54539,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54541,54542,54544,54546,54548,54550],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,54543,110],{"class":109},[49,54545,92],{"class":85},[49,54547,7718],{"class":88},[49,54549,118],{"class":85},[49,54551,54552],{"class":121},"   # []\n",[49,54554,54555,54557,54559,54561,54563],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,54556,110],{"class":109},[49,54558,92],{"class":85},[49,54560,2166],{"class":88},[49,54562,118],{"class":85},[49,54564,20785],{"class":121},[20,54566,54567],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[40,54569,54571],{"className":42,"code":54570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54572,54573,54593,54607],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54574,54575,54577,54579,54581,54583,54585,54587,54589,54591],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54576,7687],{"class":55},[49,54578,60],{"class":59},[49,54580,3530],{"class":85},[49,54582,1223],{"class":458},[49,54584,341],{"class":85},[49,54586,2896],{"class":458},[49,54588,341],{"class":85},[49,54590,2354],{"class":458},[49,54592,1244],{"class":85},[49,54594,54595,54597,54599,54601,54603,54605],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,54596,7687],{"class":55},[49,54598,60],{"class":59},[49,54600,5873],{"class":55},[49,54602,32],{"class":85},[49,54604,11289],{"class":88},[49,54606,8548],{"class":85},[49,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,54610,110],{"class":109},[49,54612,92],{"class":85},[49,54614,7718],{"class":88},[49,54616,103],{"class":85},[20,54618,11823,54619,42055,54621,54623],{},[15,54620,7718],{},[15,54622,3684],{},", not an empty list.",[181,54625,54627,54629,54630],{"id":54626},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54628,11228],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54631,3693],{},[20,54633,54634],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[40,54636,54637],{"className":42,"code":54348,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,54638,54639],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54640,54641,54643,54645,54647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54642,8248],{"class":55},[49,54644,32],{"class":85},[49,54646,11289],{"class":88},[49,54648,8548],{"class":85},[40,54650,54652],{"className":42,"code":54651,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = []\n",[15,54653,54654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54655,54656,54658,54660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54657,8217],{"class":55},[49,54659,60],{"class":59},[49,54661,7747],{"class":85},[353,54663,54665,54667],{"id":54664},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54666,11228],{}," empties the same list object",[40,54669,54671],{"className":42,"code":54670,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54672,54673,54693,54701,54705,54715,54719,54731],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54674,54675,54677,54679,54681,54683,54685,54687,54689,54691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54676,2457],{"class":55},[49,54678,60],{"class":59},[49,54680,3530],{"class":85},[49,54682,1223],{"class":458},[49,54684,341],{"class":85},[49,54686,2896],{"class":458},[49,54688,341],{"class":85},[49,54690,2354],{"class":458},[49,54692,1244],{"class":85},[49,54694,54695,54697,54699],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,54696,2485],{"class":55},[49,54698,60],{"class":59},[49,54700,36079],{"class":55},[49,54702,54703],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,54704,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54706,54707,54709,54711,54713],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,54708,820],{"class":55},[49,54710,32],{"class":85},[49,54712,11289],{"class":88},[49,54714,8548],{"class":85},[49,54716,54717],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,54718,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54720,54721,54723,54725,54727,54729],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,54722,110],{"class":109},[49,54724,92],{"class":85},[49,54726,820],{"class":88},[49,54728,118],{"class":85},[49,54730,54304],{"class":121},[49,54732,54733,54735,54737,54739,54741],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,54734,110],{"class":109},[49,54736,92],{"class":85},[49,54738,4667],{"class":88},[49,54740,118],{"class":85},[49,54742,54304],{"class":121},[20,54744,10497,54745,380,54747,54749],{},[15,54746,820],{},[15,54748,4667],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[353,54751,54753,54756],{"id":54752},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54754,54755],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[40,54758,54760],{"className":42,"code":54759,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54761,54762,54782,54790,54794,54802,54806,54818],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54763,54764,54766,54768,54770,54772,54774,54776,54778,54780],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54765,2457],{"class":55},[49,54767,60],{"class":59},[49,54769,3530],{"class":85},[49,54771,1223],{"class":458},[49,54773,341],{"class":85},[49,54775,2896],{"class":458},[49,54777,341],{"class":85},[49,54779,2354],{"class":458},[49,54781,1244],{"class":85},[49,54783,54784,54786,54788],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,54785,2485],{"class":55},[49,54787,60],{"class":59},[49,54789,36079],{"class":55},[49,54791,54792],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,54793,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54795,54796,54798,54800],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,54797,2457],{"class":55},[49,54799,60],{"class":59},[49,54801,7747],{"class":85},[49,54803,54804],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,54805,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54807,54808,54810,54812,54814,54816],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,54809,110],{"class":109},[49,54811,92],{"class":85},[49,54813,820],{"class":88},[49,54815,118],{"class":85},[49,54817,54304],{"class":121},[49,54819,54820,54822,54824,54826,54828],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,54821,110],{"class":109},[49,54823,92],{"class":85},[49,54825,4667],{"class":88},[49,54827,118],{"class":85},[49,54829,54830],{"class":121},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54832,305,54833,54835,54836,54838],{},[15,54834,820],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54837,4667],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54840,54841],{},"This difference matters when:",[194,54843,54844,54847,54850],{},[197,54845,54846],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[197,54848,54849],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[197,54851,54852],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54854,54855,54856,32],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[820,54857,54859,54860,1785],{"href":54858},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54861,12684],{},[181,54863,4868,54864],{"id":12345},[15,54865,11228],{},[20,54867,35,54868,6225],{},[15,54869,11228],{},[194,54871,54872,54875,54878],{},[197,54873,54874],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[197,54876,54877],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[197,54879,54880],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54882,214],{},[40,54884,54886],{"className":42,"code":54885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54887,54888,54924,54928,54933,54944,54948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,54889,54890,54893,54895,54897,54899,54902,54904,54906,54908,54911,54913,54915,54917,54920,54922],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,54891,54892],{"class":55},"shopping_cart ",[49,54894,60],{"class":59},[49,54896,3530],{"class":85},[49,54898,95],{"class":63},[49,54900,54901],{"class":67},"milk",[49,54903,95],{"class":63},[49,54905,341],{"class":85},[49,54907,64],{"class":63},[49,54909,54910],{"class":67},"bread",[49,54912,95],{"class":63},[49,54914,341],{"class":85},[49,54916,64],{"class":63},[49,54918,54919],{"class":67},"eggs",[49,54921,95],{"class":63},[49,54923,1244],{"class":85},[49,54925,54926],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,54927,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54929,54930],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,54931,54932],{"class":121},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[49,54934,54935,54938,54940,54942],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,54936,54937],{"class":55},"shopping_cart",[49,54939,32],{"class":85},[49,54941,11289],{"class":88},[49,54943,8548],{"class":85},[49,54945,54946],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,54947,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,54949,54950,54952,54954,54956,54958],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,54951,110],{"class":109},[49,54953,92],{"class":85},[49,54955,54937],{"class":88},[49,54957,118],{"class":85},[49,54959,54304],{"class":121},[20,54961,54962,54963,824,54967,54973,54974,32],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[820,54964,54966],{"href":54965},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python",[820,54968,54970,1785],{"href":54969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54971,54972],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[820,54975,54977,1785],{"href":54976},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54978,54979],{},"list.pop()",[181,54981,4425],{"id":4424},[353,54983,54985,54986,10999,54989],{"id":54984},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54987,54988],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54990,54991],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54993,54994],{},"This does not call the method.",[40,54996,54998],{"className":42,"code":54997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54999,55000,55020,55024,55033],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55001,55002,55004,55006,55008,55010,55012,55014,55016,55018],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55003,7687],{"class":55},[49,55005,60],{"class":59},[49,55007,3530],{"class":85},[49,55009,1223],{"class":458},[49,55011,341],{"class":85},[49,55013,2896],{"class":458},[49,55015,341],{"class":85},[49,55017,2354],{"class":458},[49,55019,1244],{"class":85},[49,55021,55022],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55023,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,55025,55026,55028,55030],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,55027,7718],{"class":55},[49,55029,32],{"class":85},[49,55031,55032],{"class":24660},"clear\n",[49,55034,55035,55037,55039,55041],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,55036,110],{"class":109},[49,55038,92],{"class":85},[49,55040,7718],{"class":88},[49,55042,103],{"class":85},[20,55044,1974],{},[40,55046,55048],{"className":42,"code":55047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55049,55050],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55051,55052,55054,55056,55058,55060,55062,55064],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55053,1256],{"class":85},[49,55055,1223],{"class":458},[49,55057,341],{"class":85},[49,55059,2896],{"class":458},[49,55061,341],{"class":85},[49,55063,2354],{"class":458},[49,55065,1244],{"class":85},[20,55067,55068],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55070,10714],{},[40,55072,55074],{"className":42,"code":55073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55075,55076,55096,55100,55110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55077,55078,55080,55082,55084,55086,55088,55090,55092,55094],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55079,7687],{"class":55},[49,55081,60],{"class":59},[49,55083,3530],{"class":85},[49,55085,1223],{"class":458},[49,55087,341],{"class":85},[49,55089,2896],{"class":458},[49,55091,341],{"class":85},[49,55093,2354],{"class":458},[49,55095,1244],{"class":85},[49,55097,55098],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55099,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,55101,55102,55104,55106,55108],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,55103,7718],{"class":55},[49,55105,32],{"class":85},[49,55107,11289],{"class":88},[49,55109,8548],{"class":85},[49,55111,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,55113,110],{"class":109},[49,55115,92],{"class":85},[49,55117,7718],{"class":88},[49,55119,118],{"class":85},[49,55121,54304],{"class":121},[353,55123,1318,55125,55127],{"id":55124},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55126,11228],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55129,55130,1000,55132,55134],{},[15,55131,11228],{},[15,55133,3684],{},", not the list.",[40,55136,55138],{"className":42,"code":55137,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55139,55140,55160,55174,55178,55190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55141,55142,55144,55146,55148,55150,55152,55154,55156,55158],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55143,7687],{"class":55},[49,55145,60],{"class":59},[49,55147,3530],{"class":85},[49,55149,1223],{"class":458},[49,55151,341],{"class":85},[49,55153,2896],{"class":458},[49,55155,341],{"class":85},[49,55157,2354],{"class":458},[49,55159,1244],{"class":85},[49,55161,55162,55164,55166,55168,55170,55172],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55163,2131],{"class":55},[49,55165,60],{"class":59},[49,55167,5873],{"class":55},[49,55169,32],{"class":85},[49,55171,11289],{"class":88},[49,55173,8548],{"class":85},[49,55175,55176],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,55177,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,55179,55180,55182,55184,55186,55188],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,55181,110],{"class":109},[49,55183,92],{"class":85},[49,55185,2166],{"class":88},[49,55187,118],{"class":85},[49,55189,20785],{"class":121},[49,55191,55192,55194,55196,55198,55200],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,55193,110],{"class":109},[49,55195,92],{"class":85},[49,55197,7718],{"class":88},[49,55199,118],{"class":85},[49,55201,54552],{"class":121},[353,55203,644,55205,55207],{"id":55204},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55206,11228],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55209,55210,55211,55213],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55212,11228],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55215,55216],{},"This will fail:",[40,55218,55220],{"className":42,"code":55219,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55221,55222,55234],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55223,55224,55226,55228,55230,55232],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55225,56],{"class":55},[49,55227,60],{"class":59},[49,55229,64],{"class":63},[49,55231,917],{"class":67},[49,55233,71],{"class":63},[49,55235,55236,55238,55240,55242],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55237,245],{"class":55},[49,55239,32],{"class":85},[49,55241,11289],{"class":88},[49,55243,8548],{"class":85},[20,55245,55246,55247,33508],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55248,11228],{},[20,55250,55251,55252,55254],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55253,3684],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55256,55257],{},"Useful checks:",[40,55259,55261],{"className":42,"code":55260,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55262,55263,55273,55287,55301,55310,55320],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55264,55265,55267,55269,55271],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55266,110],{"class":109},[49,55268,92],{"class":85},[49,55270,8248],{"class":88},[49,55272,103],{"class":85},[49,55274,55275,55277,55279,55281,55283,55285],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55276,110],{"class":109},[49,55278,92],{"class":85},[49,55280,3127],{"class":2804},[49,55282,92],{"class":85},[49,55284,8248],{"class":88},[49,55286,1581],{"class":85},[49,55288,55289,55291,55293,55295,55297,55299],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,55290,110],{"class":109},[49,55292,92],{"class":85},[49,55294,12557],{"class":109},[49,55296,92],{"class":85},[49,55298,8248],{"class":88},[49,55300,1581],{"class":85},[49,55302,55303,55305,55307],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,55304,43449],{"class":55},[49,55306,60],{"class":59},[49,55308,55309],{"class":55}," my_list\n",[49,55311,55312,55314,55316,55318],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,55313,8248],{"class":55},[49,55315,32],{"class":85},[49,55317,11289],{"class":88},[49,55319,8548],{"class":85},[49,55321,55322,55324,55326,55328],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,55323,110],{"class":109},[49,55325,92],{"class":85},[49,55327,30649],{"class":88},[49,55329,103],{"class":85},[20,55331,55332],{},"These can help you see:",[194,55334,55335,55338,55341],{},[197,55336,55337],{},"What the variable currently contains",[197,55339,55340],{},"Whether it is really a list",[197,55342,55343],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55345,55346,55347,32],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[820,55348,55349],{"href":54194},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[181,55351,1704],{"id":1703},[353,55353,1720,55355,55357],{"id":55354},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55356,54247],{}," delete the list?",[20,55359,55360],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[353,55362,1720,55364,55366],{"id":55363},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55365,54247],{}," return a new list?",[20,55368,55369,55370,55372],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55371,3684],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[353,55374,1740,55376,380,55378,2394],{"id":55375},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55377,11228],{},[15,55379,54755],{},[20,55381,55382,55384,55385,55387],{},[15,55383,11228],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55386,54755],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[353,55389,1760,55391,55393],{"id":55390},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55392,11228],{}," on other types?",[20,55395,55396,55397,55399],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55398,11228],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[181,55401,1775],{"id":1774},[194,55403,55404,55408,55413,55420,55427,55433],{},[197,55405,55406],{},[820,55407,52669],{"href":54468},[197,55409,55410],{},[820,55411,55412],{"href":54965},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[197,55414,55415],{},[820,55416,55417,55418,1785],{"href":54976},"Python list ",[15,55419,12670],{},[197,55421,55422],{},[820,55423,55417,55424,1785],{"href":54969},[15,55425,55426],{},"remove()",[197,55428,55429],{},[820,55430,55417,55431,1785],{"href":54858},[15,55432,12684],{},[197,55434,55435],{},[820,55436,30253,55437,33541],{"href":54194},[15,55438,55439],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1834,55441,55442],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":55444},[55445,55446,55448,55449,55450,55451,55458,55459,55467,55477],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":54312,"depth":74,"text":55447},"What list.clear() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":54626,"depth":74,"text":55452,"children":55453},"clear() vs assigning []",[55454,55456],{"id":54664,"depth":106,"text":55455},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54752,"depth":106,"text":55457},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12345,"depth":74,"text":12716},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":55460},[55461,55463,55465],{"id":54984,"depth":106,"text":55462},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55124,"depth":106,"text":55464},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55204,"depth":106,"text":55466},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":55468},[55469,55471,55473,55475],{"id":55354,"depth":106,"text":55470},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55363,"depth":106,"text":55472},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55375,"depth":106,"text":55474},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55390,"depth":106,"text":55476},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54234,"description":55478},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55485,"title":55486,"body":55487,"description":57172,"extension":1866,"meta":57173,"navigation":128,"path":57174,"seo":57175,"stem":57176,"__hash__":57177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55488,"toc":57140},[55489,55494,55500,55508,55510,55599,55606,55611,55615,55629,55631,55708,55710,55771,55774,55776,55778,55799,55802,55816,55819,55864,55866,55874,55877,55883,55889,55892,55969,55971,56016,56019,56024,56107,56109,56150,56155,56159,56165,56167,56175,56178,56271,56273,56331,56334,56350,56355,56365,56370,56372,56377,56382,56385,56387,56444,56447,56500,56506,56511,56515,56532,56534,56618,56620,56661,56669,56671,56676,56682,56684,56747,56752,56822,56826,56861,56864,56866,56905,56909,56985,56991,56997,57002,57024,57027,57046,57054,57056,57062,57065,57072,57080,57085,57088,57092,57098,57106,57109,57111,57137],[10,55490,54240,55492,18],{"id":55491},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55493,12684],{},[20,55495,55496,55499],{},[15,55497,55498],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55501,55502,55503,13963,55505,55507],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55504,60],{},[666,55506,4536],{}," make a real copy.",[181,55509,1907],{"id":1906},[40,55511,55513],{"className":42,"code":55512,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55514,55515,55535,55550,55554,55569,55573,55586],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55516,55517,55519,55521,55523,55525,55527,55529,55531,55533],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55518,3525],{"class":55},[49,55520,60],{"class":59},[49,55522,3530],{"class":85},[49,55524,1223],{"class":458},[49,55526,341],{"class":85},[49,55528,2896],{"class":458},[49,55530,341],{"class":85},[49,55532,2354],{"class":458},[49,55534,1244],{"class":85},[49,55536,55537,55540,55542,55544,55546,55548],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55538,55539],{"class":55},"new_numbers ",[49,55541,60],{"class":59},[49,55543,4169],{"class":55},[49,55545,32],{"class":85},[49,55547,12819],{"class":88},[49,55549,8548],{"class":85},[49,55551,55552],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,55553,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,55555,55556,55559,55561,55563,55565,55567],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,55557,55558],{"class":55},"new_numbers",[49,55560,32],{"class":85},[49,55562,13462],{"class":88},[49,55564,92],{"class":85},[49,55566,2407],{"class":458},[49,55568,103],{"class":85},[49,55570,55571],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,55572,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,55574,55575,55577,55579,55581,55583],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,55576,110],{"class":109},[49,55578,92],{"class":85},[49,55580,3556],{"class":88},[49,55582,118],{"class":85},[49,55584,55585],{"class":121},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[49,55587,55588,55590,55592,55594,55596],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,55589,110],{"class":109},[49,55591,92],{"class":85},[49,55593,55558],{"class":88},[49,55595,118],{"class":85},[49,55597,55598],{"class":121},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55600,35,55601,55603,55604,32],{},[15,55602,55498],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[666,55605,12758],{},[181,55607,184,55609,187],{"id":55608},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55610,55498],{},[20,55612,55613,1197],{},[15,55614,55498],{},[194,55616,55617,55620,55623,55626],{},[197,55618,55619],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[197,55621,55622],{},"Returns that new list",[197,55624,55625],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[197,55627,55628],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55630,214],{},[40,55632,55634],{"className":42,"code":55633,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55635,55636,55668,55683,55687,55697],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55637,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652,55654,55656,55658,55660,55662,55664,55666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55639,36143],{"class":55},[49,55641,60],{"class":59},[49,55643,3530],{"class":85},[49,55645,95],{"class":63},[49,55647,3985],{"class":67},[49,55649,95],{"class":63},[49,55651,341],{"class":85},[49,55653,64],{"class":63},[49,55655,230],{"class":67},[49,55657,95],{"class":63},[49,55659,341],{"class":85},[49,55661,64],{"class":63},[49,55663,33128],{"class":67},[49,55665,95],{"class":63},[49,55667,1244],{"class":85},[49,55669,55670,55673,55675,55677,55679,55681],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55671,55672],{"class":55},"copied_fruits ",[49,55674,60],{"class":59},[49,55676,52749],{"class":55},[49,55678,32],{"class":85},[49,55680,12819],{"class":88},[49,55682,8548],{"class":85},[49,55684,55685],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,55686,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,55688,55689,55691,55693,55695],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,55690,110],{"class":109},[49,55692,92],{"class":85},[49,55694,36195],{"class":88},[49,55696,103],{"class":85},[49,55698,55699,55701,55703,55706],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,55700,110],{"class":109},[49,55702,92],{"class":85},[49,55704,55705],{"class":88},"copied_fruits",[49,55707,103],{"class":85},[20,55709,1974],{},[40,55711,55713],{"className":42,"code":55712,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55714,55715,55743],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55716,55717,55719,55721,55723,55725,55727,55729,55731,55733,55735,55737,55739,55741],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55718,1256],{"class":85},[49,55720,1573],{"class":63},[49,55722,3985],{"class":67},[49,55724,1573],{"class":63},[49,55726,341],{"class":85},[49,55728,3202],{"class":63},[49,55730,230],{"class":67},[49,55732,1573],{"class":63},[49,55734,341],{"class":85},[49,55736,3202],{"class":63},[49,55738,33128],{"class":67},[49,55740,1573],{"class":63},[49,55742,1244],{"class":85},[49,55744,55745,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763,55765,55767,55769],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55746,1256],{"class":85},[49,55748,1573],{"class":63},[49,55750,3985],{"class":67},[49,55752,1573],{"class":63},[49,55754,341],{"class":85},[49,55756,3202],{"class":63},[49,55758,230],{"class":67},[49,55760,1573],{"class":63},[49,55762,341],{"class":85},[49,55764,3202],{"class":63},[49,55766,33128],{"class":67},[49,55768,1573],{"class":63},[49,55770,1244],{"class":85},[20,55772,55773],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[181,55775,316],{"id":315},[20,55777,319],{},[40,55779,55781],{"className":42,"code":55780,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55782,55783],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55784,55785,55788,55790,55793,55795,55797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55786,55787],{"class":55},"new_list ",[49,55789,60],{"class":59},[49,55791,55792],{"class":55}," old_list",[49,55794,32],{"class":85},[49,55796,12819],{"class":88},[49,55798,8548],{"class":85},[20,55800,55801],{},"How it works:",[194,55803,55804,55810,55813],{},[197,55805,55806,55807,55809],{},"Call ",[15,55808,12684],{}," on an existing list",[197,55811,55812],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[197,55814,55815],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55817,55818],{},"Example with an empty list:",[40,55820,55822],{"className":42,"code":55821,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55823,55824,55833,55849,55853],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55825,55826,55829,55831],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55827,55828],{"class":55},"empty_list ",[49,55830,60],{"class":59},[49,55832,7747],{"class":85},[49,55834,55835,55838,55840,55843,55845,55847],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55836,55837],{"class":55},"new_empty_list ",[49,55839,60],{"class":59},[49,55841,55842],{"class":55}," empty_list",[49,55844,32],{"class":85},[49,55846,12819],{"class":88},[49,55848,8548],{"class":85},[49,55850,55851],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,55852,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,55854,55855,55857,55859,55862],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,55856,110],{"class":109},[49,55858,92],{"class":85},[49,55860,55861],{"class":88},"new_empty_list",[49,55863,103],{"class":85},[20,55865,1974],{},[40,55867,55868],{"className":42,"code":38200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,55869,55870],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55871,55872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55873,38200],{"class":85},[20,55875,55876],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[181,55878,55880,55881],{"id":55879},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55882,60],{},[20,55884,644,55885,13963,55887,52565],{},[15,55886,60],{},[666,55888,4536],{},[20,55890,55891],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[40,55893,55895],{"className":42,"code":55894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55896,55897,55917,55926,55930,55945,55949,55959],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55898,55899,55901,55903,55905,55907,55909,55911,55913,55915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55900,3525],{"class":55},[49,55902,60],{"class":59},[49,55904,3530],{"class":85},[49,55906,1223],{"class":458},[49,55908,341],{"class":85},[49,55910,2896],{"class":458},[49,55912,341],{"class":85},[49,55914,2354],{"class":458},[49,55916,1244],{"class":85},[49,55918,55919,55922,55924],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55920,55921],{"class":55},"same_list ",[49,55923,60],{"class":59},[49,55925,43881],{"class":55},[49,55927,55928],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,55929,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,55931,55932,55935,55937,55939,55941,55943],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,55933,55934],{"class":55},"same_list",[49,55936,32],{"class":85},[49,55938,13462],{"class":88},[49,55940,92],{"class":85},[49,55942,2407],{"class":458},[49,55944,103],{"class":85},[49,55946,55947],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,55948,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,55950,55951,55953,55955,55957],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,55952,110],{"class":109},[49,55954,92],{"class":85},[49,55956,3556],{"class":88},[49,55958,103],{"class":85},[49,55960,55961,55963,55965,55967],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,55962,110],{"class":109},[49,55964,92],{"class":85},[49,55966,55934],{"class":88},[49,55968,103],{"class":85},[20,55970,1974],{},[40,55972,55974],{"className":42,"code":55973,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55975,55976,55996],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,55977,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,55979,1256],{"class":85},[49,55981,1223],{"class":458},[49,55983,341],{"class":85},[49,55985,2896],{"class":458},[49,55987,341],{"class":85},[49,55989,2354],{"class":458},[49,55991,341],{"class":85},[49,55993,808],{"class":458},[49,55995,1244],{"class":85},[49,55997,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,55999,1256],{"class":85},[49,56001,1223],{"class":458},[49,56003,341],{"class":85},[49,56005,2896],{"class":458},[49,56007,341],{"class":85},[49,56009,2354],{"class":458},[49,56011,341],{"class":85},[49,56013,808],{"class":458},[49,56015,1244],{"class":85},[20,56017,56018],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56020,56021,56022,1197],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56023,12684],{},[40,56025,56027],{"className":42,"code":56026,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56028,56029,56049,56064,56068,56083,56087,56097],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56030,56031,56033,56035,56037,56039,56041,56043,56045,56047],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56032,3525],{"class":55},[49,56034,60],{"class":59},[49,56036,3530],{"class":85},[49,56038,1223],{"class":458},[49,56040,341],{"class":85},[49,56042,2896],{"class":458},[49,56044,341],{"class":85},[49,56046,2354],{"class":458},[49,56048,1244],{"class":85},[49,56050,56051,56054,56056,56058,56060,56062],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56052,56053],{"class":55},"copied_numbers ",[49,56055,60],{"class":59},[49,56057,4169],{"class":55},[49,56059,32],{"class":85},[49,56061,12819],{"class":88},[49,56063,8548],{"class":85},[49,56065,56066],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,56067,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56069,56070,56073,56075,56077,56079,56081],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,56071,56072],{"class":55},"copied_numbers",[49,56074,32],{"class":85},[49,56076,13462],{"class":88},[49,56078,92],{"class":85},[49,56080,2407],{"class":458},[49,56082,103],{"class":85},[49,56084,56085],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,56086,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56088,56089,56091,56093,56095],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,56090,110],{"class":109},[49,56092,92],{"class":85},[49,56094,3556],{"class":88},[49,56096,103],{"class":85},[49,56098,56099,56101,56103,56105],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,56100,110],{"class":109},[49,56102,92],{"class":85},[49,56104,56072],{"class":88},[49,56106,103],{"class":85},[20,56108,1974],{},[40,56110,56112],{"className":42,"code":56111,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56113,56114,56130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56115,56116,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126,56128],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56117,1256],{"class":85},[49,56119,1223],{"class":458},[49,56121,341],{"class":85},[49,56123,2896],{"class":458},[49,56125,341],{"class":85},[49,56127,2354],{"class":458},[49,56129,1244],{"class":85},[49,56131,56132,56134,56136,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56133,1256],{"class":85},[49,56135,1223],{"class":458},[49,56137,341],{"class":85},[49,56139,2896],{"class":458},[49,56141,341],{"class":85},[49,56143,2354],{"class":458},[49,56145,341],{"class":85},[49,56147,808],{"class":458},[49,56149,1244],{"class":85},[20,56151,56152,56153,32],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[820,56154,52669],{"href":50879},[181,56156,56158],{"id":56157},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56160,56161,12755,56163,32],{},[15,56162,55498],{},[666,56164,12758],{},[20,56166,2011],{},[194,56168,56169,56172],{},[197,56170,56171],{},"The outer list is new",[197,56173,56174],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56176,56177],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[40,56179,56181],{"className":42,"code":56180,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56182,56183,56210,56224,56228,56247,56251,56261],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56184,56185,56187,56189,56192,56194,56196,56198,56200,56202,56204,56206,56208],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56186,11993],{"class":55},[49,56188,60],{"class":59},[49,56190,56191],{"class":85}," [[",[49,56193,1223],{"class":458},[49,56195,341],{"class":85},[49,56197,2896],{"class":458},[49,56199,17972],{"class":85},[49,56201,3530],{"class":85},[49,56203,1965],{"class":458},[49,56205,341],{"class":85},[49,56207,808],{"class":458},[49,56209,53140],{"class":85},[49,56211,56212,56214,56216,56218,56220,56222],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56213,14221],{"class":55},[49,56215,60],{"class":59},[49,56217,12068],{"class":55},[49,56219,32],{"class":85},[49,56221,12819],{"class":88},[49,56223,8548],{"class":85},[49,56225,56226],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,56227,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56229,56230,56232,56234,56236,56238,56240,56242,56245],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,56231,14240],{"class":55},[49,56233,1256],{"class":85},[49,56235,516],{"class":458},[49,56237,13459],{"class":85},[49,56239,13462],{"class":88},[49,56241,92],{"class":85},[49,56243,56244],{"class":458},"99",[49,56246,103],{"class":85},[49,56248,56249],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,56250,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56252,56253,56255,56257,56259],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,56254,110],{"class":109},[49,56256,92],{"class":85},[49,56258,12040],{"class":88},[49,56260,103],{"class":85},[49,56262,56263,56265,56267,56269],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,56264,110],{"class":109},[49,56266,92],{"class":85},[49,56268,14240],{"class":88},[49,56270,103],{"class":85},[20,56272,1974],{},[40,56274,56276],{"className":42,"code":56275,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56277,56278,56305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56279,56280,56283,56285,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301,56303],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56281,56282],{"class":85},"[[",[49,56284,1223],{"class":458},[49,56286,341],{"class":85},[49,56288,2896],{"class":458},[49,56290,341],{"class":85},[49,56292,10104],{"class":458},[49,56294,17972],{"class":85},[49,56296,3530],{"class":85},[49,56298,1965],{"class":458},[49,56300,341],{"class":85},[49,56302,808],{"class":458},[49,56304,53140],{"class":85},[49,56306,56307,56309,56311,56313,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56308,56282],{"class":85},[49,56310,1223],{"class":458},[49,56312,341],{"class":85},[49,56314,2896],{"class":458},[49,56316,341],{"class":85},[49,56318,10104],{"class":458},[49,56320,17972],{"class":85},[49,56322,3530],{"class":85},[49,56324,1965],{"class":458},[49,56326,341],{"class":85},[49,56328,808],{"class":458},[49,56330,53140],{"class":85},[20,56332,56333],{},"Why did both change?",[194,56335,56336,56343],{},[197,56337,56338,380,56340,56342],{},[15,56339,12040],{},[15,56341,14240],{}," are different outer lists",[197,56344,56345,56346,56349],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56347,56348],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56351,53551,56352,56354],{},[15,56353,12684],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[194,56356,56357,56360,56363],{},[197,56358,56359],{},"Numbers",[197,56361,56362],{},"Strings",[197,56364,40498],{},[20,56366,56367,56368,32],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[820,56369,13700],{"href":13699},[181,56371,17328],{"id":17327},[20,56373,56374,56376],{},[15,56375,55498],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56378,40808,56379,56381],{},[666,56380,4536],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56383,56384],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56386,16567],{},[40,56388,56390],{"className":42,"code":56389,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56391,56392,56416,56430,56434],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56393,56394,56396,56398,56400,56402,56404,56406,56408,56410,56412,56414],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56395,12984],{"class":55},[49,56397,60],{"class":59},[49,56399,3530],{"class":85},[49,56401,95],{"class":63},[49,56403,13001],{"class":67},[49,56405,95],{"class":63},[49,56407,341],{"class":85},[49,56409,64],{"class":63},[49,56411,13018],{"class":67},[49,56413,95],{"class":63},[49,56415,1244],{"class":85},[49,56417,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426,56428],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56419,13027],{"class":55},[49,56421,60],{"class":59},[49,56423,13032],{"class":55},[49,56425,32],{"class":85},[49,56427,12819],{"class":88},[49,56429,8548],{"class":85},[49,56431,56432],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,56433,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56435,56436,56438,56440,56442],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,56437,110],{"class":109},[49,56439,92],{"class":85},[49,56441,13051],{"class":88},[49,56443,103],{"class":85},[20,56445,56446],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[40,56448,56450],{"className":42,"code":56449,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56451,56452,56476,56486,56490],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56453,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56455,12984],{"class":55},[49,56457,60],{"class":59},[49,56459,3530],{"class":85},[49,56461,95],{"class":63},[49,56463,13001],{"class":67},[49,56465,95],{"class":63},[49,56467,341],{"class":85},[49,56469,64],{"class":63},[49,56471,13018],{"class":67},[49,56473,95],{"class":63},[49,56475,1244],{"class":85},[49,56477,56478,56480,56482,56484],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56479,17412],{"class":55},[49,56481,32],{"class":85},[49,56483,12819],{"class":88},[49,56485,8548],{"class":85},[49,56487,56488],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,56489,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56491,56492,56494,56496,56498],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,56493,110],{"class":109},[49,56495,92],{"class":85},[49,56497,17412],{"class":88},[49,56499,103],{"class":85},[20,56501,56502,56503,56505],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56504,12684],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[181,56507,4868,56509],{"id":56508},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56510,55498],{},[20,56512,35,56513,10508],{},[15,56514,55498],{},[194,56516,56517,56520,56523,56526],{},[197,56518,56519],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[197,56521,56522],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[197,56524,56525],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[197,56527,56528,56529],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56530,56531],{},"[:]",[20,56533,214],{},[40,56535,56537],{"className":42,"code":56536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56538,56539,56559,56574,56578,56593,56597,56607],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56540,56541,56543,56545,56547,56549,56551,56553,56555,56557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56542,4971],{"class":55},[49,56544,60],{"class":59},[49,56546,3530],{"class":85},[49,56548,2233],{"class":458},[49,56550,341],{"class":85},[49,56552,7698],{"class":458},[49,56554,341],{"class":85},[49,56556,7703],{"class":458},[49,56558,1244],{"class":85},[49,56560,56561,56564,56566,56568,56570,56572],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56562,56563],{"class":55},"backup_scores ",[49,56565,60],{"class":59},[49,56567,5018],{"class":55},[49,56569,32],{"class":85},[49,56571,12819],{"class":88},[49,56573,8548],{"class":85},[49,56575,56576],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,56577,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56579,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56591],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,56581,16300],{"class":55},[49,56583,32],{"class":85},[49,56585,13462],{"class":88},[49,56587,92],{"class":85},[49,56589,56590],{"class":458},"40",[49,56592,103],{"class":85},[49,56594,56595],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,56596,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56598,56599,56601,56603,56605],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,56600,110],{"class":109},[49,56602,92],{"class":85},[49,56604,16300],{"class":88},[49,56606,103],{"class":85},[49,56608,56609,56611,56613,56616],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,56610,110],{"class":109},[49,56612,92],{"class":85},[49,56614,56615],{"class":88},"backup_scores",[49,56617,103],{"class":85},[20,56619,1974],{},[40,56621,56623],{"className":42,"code":56622,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56624,56625,56645],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56626,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56628,1256],{"class":85},[49,56630,2233],{"class":458},[49,56632,341],{"class":85},[49,56634,7698],{"class":458},[49,56636,341],{"class":85},[49,56638,7703],{"class":458},[49,56640,341],{"class":85},[49,56642,50744],{"class":458},[49,56644,1244],{"class":85},[49,56646,56647,56649,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56648,1256],{"class":85},[49,56650,2233],{"class":458},[49,56652,341],{"class":85},[49,56654,7698],{"class":458},[49,56656,341],{"class":85},[49,56658,7703],{"class":458},[49,56660,1244],{"class":85},[20,56662,56663,56664,32],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[820,56665,55417,56667,1785],{"href":56666},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56668,52551],{},[181,56670,4425],{"id":4424},[20,56672,56673,56674,32],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56675,55498],{},[353,56677,644,56679,56681],{"id":56678},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56680,60],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56683,39101],{},[40,56685,56687],{"className":42,"code":56686,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56688,56689,56709,56717,56731,56735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56690,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705,56707],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56692,2457],{"class":55},[49,56694,60],{"class":59},[49,56696,3530],{"class":85},[49,56698,1223],{"class":458},[49,56700,341],{"class":85},[49,56702,2896],{"class":458},[49,56704,341],{"class":85},[49,56706,2354],{"class":458},[49,56708,1244],{"class":85},[49,56710,56711,56713,56715],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56712,2485],{"class":55},[49,56714,60],{"class":59},[49,56716,36079],{"class":55},[49,56718,56719,56721,56723,56725,56727,56729],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,56720,4667],{"class":55},[49,56722,32],{"class":85},[49,56724,13462],{"class":88},[49,56726,92],{"class":85},[49,56728,2407],{"class":458},[49,56730,103],{"class":85},[49,56732,56733],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,56734,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56736,56737,56739,56741,56743,56745],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,56738,110],{"class":109},[49,56740,92],{"class":85},[49,56742,820],{"class":88},[49,56744,118],{"class":85},[49,56746,55598],{"class":121},[20,56748,56749,56750,6537],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56751,12684],{},[40,56753,56755],{"className":42,"code":56754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56756,56757,56777,56792,56806,56810],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56758,56759,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56760,2457],{"class":55},[49,56762,60],{"class":59},[49,56764,3530],{"class":85},[49,56766,1223],{"class":458},[49,56768,341],{"class":85},[49,56770,2896],{"class":458},[49,56772,341],{"class":85},[49,56774,2354],{"class":458},[49,56776,1244],{"class":85},[49,56778,56779,56781,56783,56786,56788,56790],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56780,2485],{"class":55},[49,56782,60],{"class":59},[49,56784,56785],{"class":55}," a",[49,56787,32],{"class":85},[49,56789,12819],{"class":88},[49,56791,8548],{"class":85},[49,56793,56794,56796,56798,56800,56802,56804],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,56795,4667],{"class":55},[49,56797,32],{"class":85},[49,56799,13462],{"class":88},[49,56801,92],{"class":85},[49,56803,2407],{"class":458},[49,56805,103],{"class":85},[49,56807,56808],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,56809,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56811,56812,56814,56816,56818,56820],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,56813,110],{"class":109},[49,56815,92],{"class":85},[49,56817,820],{"class":88},[49,56819,118],{"class":85},[49,56821,54830],{"class":121},[353,56823,56825],{"id":56824},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[40,56827,56829],{"className":42,"code":56828,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56830,56831,56851],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56832,56833,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847,56849],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56834,3525],{"class":55},[49,56836,60],{"class":59},[49,56838,3530],{"class":85},[49,56840,1223],{"class":458},[49,56842,341],{"class":85},[49,56844,2896],{"class":458},[49,56846,341],{"class":85},[49,56848,2354],{"class":458},[49,56850,1244],{"class":85},[49,56852,56853,56855,56857,56859],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56854,3556],{"class":55},[49,56856,32],{"class":85},[49,56858,12819],{"class":88},[49,56860,8548],{"class":85},[20,56862,56863],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56865,39164],{},[40,56867,56869],{"className":42,"code":56868,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56870,56871,56891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56872,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56874,3525],{"class":55},[49,56876,60],{"class":59},[49,56878,3530],{"class":85},[49,56880,1223],{"class":458},[49,56882,341],{"class":85},[49,56884,2896],{"class":458},[49,56886,341],{"class":85},[49,56888,2354],{"class":458},[49,56890,1244],{"class":85},[49,56892,56893,56895,56897,56899,56901,56903],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56894,56053],{"class":55},[49,56896,60],{"class":59},[49,56898,4169],{"class":55},[49,56900,32],{"class":85},[49,56902,12819],{"class":88},[49,56904,8548],{"class":85},[353,56906,56908],{"id":56907},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[40,56910,56912],{"className":42,"code":56911,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56913,56914,56932,56946,56950,56968,56972],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,56915,56916,56918,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,56917,2457],{"class":55},[49,56919,60],{"class":59},[49,56921,56191],{"class":85},[49,56923,1223],{"class":458},[49,56925,17972],{"class":85},[49,56927,3530],{"class":85},[49,56929,312],{"class":458},[49,56931,53140],{"class":85},[49,56933,56934,56936,56938,56940,56942,56944],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,56935,2485],{"class":55},[49,56937,60],{"class":59},[49,56939,56785],{"class":55},[49,56941,32],{"class":85},[49,56943,12819],{"class":88},[49,56945,8548],{"class":85},[49,56947,56948],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,56949,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56951,56952,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,56953,4667],{"class":55},[49,56955,1256],{"class":85},[49,56957,516],{"class":458},[49,56959,13459],{"class":85},[49,56961,13462],{"class":88},[49,56963,92],{"class":85},[49,56965,56244],{"class":458},[49,56967,103],{"class":85},[49,56969,56970],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,56971,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,56973,56974,56976,56978,56980,56982],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,56975,110],{"class":109},[49,56977,92],{"class":85},[49,56979,820],{"class":88},[49,56981,118],{"class":85},[49,56983,56984],{"class":121},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56986,56987,56988,56990],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56989,55498],{}," is shallow.",[353,56992,25527,56994,56996],{"id":56993},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56995,12684],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56998,56999,57001],{},[15,57000,12684],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[40,57003,57005],{"className":42,"code":57004,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57006,57007,57019],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57008,57009,57011,57013,57015,57017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57010,7785],{"class":55},[49,57012,60],{"class":59},[49,57014,64],{"class":63},[49,57016,4911],{"class":67},[49,57018,71],{"class":63},[49,57020,57021],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,57022,57023],{"class":121},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57025,57026],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[40,57028,57030],{"className":42,"code":57029,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57031,57032],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57033,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042,57044],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57035,110],{"class":109},[49,57037,92],{"class":85},[49,57039,3127],{"class":2804},[49,57041,92],{"class":85},[49,57043,7575],{"class":88},[49,57045,1581],{"class":85},[20,57047,57048,57049,57053],{},"You can also review ",[820,57050,57052],{"href":57051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[181,57055,1704],{"id":1703},[353,57057,1720,57059,57061],{"id":57058},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57060,55498],{}," change the original list?",[20,57063,57064],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[353,57066,1740,57068,380,57070,2394],{"id":57067},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57069,55498],{},[15,57071,60],{},[20,57073,57074,57076,57077,57079],{},[15,57075,12684],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57078,60],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[353,57081,14813,57083,14816],{"id":57082},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57084,55498],{},[20,57086,57087],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[353,57089,57091],{"id":57090},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57093,42052,57094,57097],{},[15,57095,57096],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[353,57099,14813,57101,57103,57104,2394],{"id":57100},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57102,55498],{}," the same as ",[15,57105,56531],{},[20,57107,57108],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[181,57110,1775],{"id":1774},[194,57112,57113,57118,57122,57127,57133],{},[197,57114,57115],{},[820,57116,14875],{"href":57117},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[197,57119,57120],{},[820,57121,52669],{"href":50879},[197,57123,57124],{},[820,57125,57126],{"href":57051},"Creating a list in Python",[197,57128,57129],{},[820,57130,55417,57131,1785],{"href":56666},[15,57132,52551],{},[197,57134,57135],{},[820,57136,13700],{"href":13699},[1834,57138,57139],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":57141},[57142,57143,57145,57146,57148,57149,57150,57152,57160,57171],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":55608,"depth":74,"text":57144},"What list.copy() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":55879,"depth":74,"text":57147},"Why not use =",{"id":56157,"depth":74,"text":56158},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":56508,"depth":74,"text":57151},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":57153},[57154,57156,57157,57158],{"id":56678,"depth":106,"text":57155},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56824,"depth":106,"text":56825},{"id":56907,"depth":106,"text":56908},{"id":56993,"depth":106,"text":57159},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":57161},[57162,57164,57166,57168,57169],{"id":57058,"depth":106,"text":57163},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57067,"depth":106,"text":57165},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57082,"depth":106,"text":57167},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57090,"depth":106,"text":57091},{"id":57100,"depth":106,"text":57170},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55486,"description":57172},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57179,"title":57180,"body":57181,"description":58920,"extension":1866,"meta":58921,"navigation":128,"path":58922,"seo":58923,"stem":58924,"__hash__":58925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57182,"toc":58879},[57183,57189,57195,57198,57209,57212,57214,57277,57283,57288,57292,57306,57309,57314,57319,57321,57323,57342,57354,57356,57423,57425,57433,57438,57440,57447,57450,57467,57469,57592,57603,57607,57612,57615,57617,57635,57639,57725,57734,57742,57811,57813,57816,57828,57833,57837,57908,57911,57915,57919,57984,57986,57994,57998,58081,58083,58091,58095,58156,58158,58166,58170,58257,58259,58267,58272,58277,58280,58291,58293,58378,58383,58392,58394,58398,58402,58407,58469,58473,58481,58487,58496,58501,58550,58553,58574,58578,58640,58647,58652,58655,58742,58745,58756,58759,58779,58781,58787,58790,58794,58798,58804,58807,58813,58820,58828,58839,58841,58876],[10,57184,54240,57186,18],{"id":57185},"python-list-count-method",[15,57187,57188],{},"count()",[20,57190,57191,57194],{},[15,57192,57193],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57196,57197],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[194,57199,57200,57203,57206],{},[197,57201,57202],{},"count one specific item",[197,57204,57205],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[197,57207,57208],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57210,57211],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[181,57213,3515],{"id":3514},[40,57215,57217],{"className":42,"code":57216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57218,57219,57247,57265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57220,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57222,3525],{"class":55},[49,57224,60],{"class":59},[49,57226,3530],{"class":85},[49,57228,1223],{"class":458},[49,57230,341],{"class":85},[49,57232,2896],{"class":458},[49,57234,341],{"class":85},[49,57236,2896],{"class":458},[49,57238,341],{"class":85},[49,57240,2354],{"class":458},[49,57242,341],{"class":85},[49,57244,2896],{"class":458},[49,57246,1244],{"class":85},[49,57248,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,57250,2131],{"class":55},[49,57252,60],{"class":59},[49,57254,4169],{"class":55},[49,57256,32],{"class":85},[49,57258,41160],{"class":88},[49,57260,92],{"class":85},[49,57262,312],{"class":458},[49,57264,103],{"class":85},[49,57266,57267,57269,57271,57273,57275],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,57268,110],{"class":109},[49,57270,92],{"class":85},[49,57272,2166],{"class":88},[49,57274,118],{"class":85},[49,57276,50671],{"class":121},[20,57278,35,57279,57282],{},[15,57280,57281],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[181,57284,184,57286,187],{"id":57285},"what-listcount-does",[15,57287,57193],{},[20,57289,57290,1197],{},[15,57291,57193],{},[194,57293,57294,57297,57300,57303],{},[197,57295,57296],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[197,57298,57299],{},"returns an integer",[197,57301,57302],{},"does not change the original list",[197,57304,57305],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57307,57308],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57310,57311,57312,32],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57313,1965],{},[20,57315,57316,57317,32],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57318,516],{},[181,57320,316],{"id":315},[20,57322,319],{},[40,57324,57326],{"className":42,"code":57325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57327,57328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57329,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338,57340],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57331,8248],{"class":55},[49,57333,32],{"class":85},[49,57335,41160],{"class":88},[49,57337,92],{"class":85},[49,57339,338],{"class":88},[49,57341,103],{"class":85},[194,57343,57344,57349],{},[197,57345,57346,57348],{},[15,57347,8248],{}," is the list you want to search",[197,57350,57351,57353],{},[15,57352,338],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57355,214],{},[40,57357,57359],{"className":42,"code":57358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57360,57361,57401],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57362,57363,57365,57367,57369,57371,57373,57375,57377,57379,57381,57383,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395,57397,57399],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57364,35994],{"class":55},[49,57366,60],{"class":59},[49,57368,3530],{"class":85},[49,57370,95],{"class":63},[49,57372,820],{"class":67},[49,57374,95],{"class":63},[49,57376,341],{"class":85},[49,57378,64],{"class":63},[49,57380,4667],{"class":67},[49,57382,95],{"class":63},[49,57384,341],{"class":85},[49,57386,64],{"class":63},[49,57388,820],{"class":67},[49,57390,95],{"class":63},[49,57392,341],{"class":85},[49,57394,64],{"class":63},[49,57396,9646],{"class":67},[49,57398,95],{"class":63},[49,57400,1244],{"class":85},[49,57402,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,57404,110],{"class":109},[49,57406,92],{"class":85},[49,57408,36047],{"class":88},[49,57410,32],{"class":85},[49,57412,41160],{"class":88},[49,57414,92],{"class":85},[49,57416,95],{"class":63},[49,57418,820],{"class":67},[49,57420,95],{"class":63},[49,57422,1581],{"class":85},[20,57424,1974],{},[40,57426,57427],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57428,57429],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57430,57431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57432,16968],{"class":458},[20,57434,57435,57436,32],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57437,516],{},[181,57439,502],{"id":501},[20,57441,505,57442,57444,57445,32],{},[15,57443,57188],{}," is always an ",[15,57446,2090],{},[20,57448,57449],{},"Possible results:",[194,57451,57452,57457,57462],{},[197,57453,57454,57456],{},[15,57455,516],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[197,57458,57459,57461],{},[15,57460,1223],{}," if it appears once",[197,57463,57464,57466],{},[15,57465,312],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57468,214],{},[40,57470,57472],{"className":42,"code":57471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57473,57474,57514,57518,57542,57567],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57475,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510,57512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57477,12984],{"class":55},[49,57479,60],{"class":59},[49,57481,3530],{"class":85},[49,57483,95],{"class":63},[49,57485,13001],{"class":67},[49,57487,95],{"class":63},[49,57489,341],{"class":85},[49,57491,64],{"class":63},[49,57493,13018],{"class":67},[49,57495,95],{"class":63},[49,57497,341],{"class":85},[49,57499,64],{"class":63},[49,57501,17365],{"class":67},[49,57503,95],{"class":63},[49,57505,341],{"class":85},[49,57507,64],{"class":63},[49,57509,13018],{"class":67},[49,57511,95],{"class":63},[49,57513,1244],{"class":85},[49,57515,57516],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,57517,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,57519,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528,57530,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,57521,110],{"class":109},[49,57523,92],{"class":85},[49,57525,17412],{"class":88},[49,57527,32],{"class":85},[49,57529,41160],{"class":88},[49,57531,92],{"class":85},[49,57533,95],{"class":63},[49,57535,13018],{"class":67},[49,57537,95],{"class":63},[49,57539,261],{"class":85},[49,57541,264],{"class":121},[49,57543,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,57545,110],{"class":109},[49,57547,92],{"class":85},[49,57549,17412],{"class":88},[49,57551,32],{"class":85},[49,57553,41160],{"class":88},[49,57555,92],{"class":85},[49,57557,95],{"class":63},[49,57559,13001],{"class":67},[49,57561,95],{"class":63},[49,57563,261],{"class":85},[49,57565,57566],{"class":121},"    # 1\n",[49,57568,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583,57585,57587,57589],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,57570,110],{"class":109},[49,57572,92],{"class":85},[49,57574,17412],{"class":88},[49,57576,32],{"class":85},[49,57578,41160],{"class":88},[49,57580,92],{"class":85},[49,57582,95],{"class":63},[49,57584,22433],{"class":67},[49,57586,95],{"class":63},[49,57588,261],{"class":85},[49,57590,57591],{"class":121}," # 0\n",[20,57593,57594,57595,57597,57598,57600,57601,32],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57596,57188],{}," works, but using ",[15,57599,3788],{}," is often simpler. See ",[820,57602,6105],{"href":6104},[181,57604,57606],{"id":57605},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57608,57609,57611],{},[15,57610,57193],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57613,57614],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57616,43549],{},[194,57618,57619,57622,57625,57632],{},[197,57620,57621],{},"matches are based on equality",[197,57623,57624],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[197,57626,57627,380,57629,57631],{},[15,57628,1223],{},[15,57630,633],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[197,57633,57634],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[353,57636,57638],{"id":57637},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[40,57640,57642],{"className":42,"code":57641,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57643,57644,57677,57701],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57645,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57647,3976],{"class":55},[49,57649,60],{"class":59},[49,57651,3530],{"class":85},[49,57653,95],{"class":63},[49,57655,3985],{"class":67},[49,57657,95],{"class":63},[49,57659,341],{"class":85},[49,57661,64],{"class":63},[49,57663,57664],{"class":67},"Apple",[49,57666,95],{"class":63},[49,57668,341],{"class":85},[49,57670,64],{"class":63},[49,57672,3985],{"class":67},[49,57674,95],{"class":63},[49,57676,1244],{"class":85},[49,57678,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,57680,110],{"class":109},[49,57682,92],{"class":85},[49,57684,4019],{"class":88},[49,57686,32],{"class":85},[49,57688,41160],{"class":88},[49,57690,92],{"class":85},[49,57692,95],{"class":63},[49,57694,3985],{"class":67},[49,57696,95],{"class":63},[49,57698,261],{"class":85},[49,57700,51314],{"class":121},[49,57702,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,57704,110],{"class":109},[49,57706,92],{"class":85},[49,57708,4019],{"class":88},[49,57710,32],{"class":85},[49,57712,41160],{"class":88},[49,57714,92],{"class":85},[49,57716,95],{"class":63},[49,57718,57664],{"class":67},[49,57720,95],{"class":63},[49,57722,261],{"class":85},[49,57724,27685],{"class":121},[20,57726,57727,380,57730,57733],{},[15,57728,57729],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57731,57732],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[353,57735,57737,380,57739,57741],{"id":57736},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57738,1223],{},[15,57740,633],{}," can match",[40,57743,57745],{"className":42,"code":57744,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57746,57747,57771,57791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57748,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57750,3729],{"class":55},[49,57752,60],{"class":59},[49,57754,3530],{"class":85},[49,57756,1223],{"class":458},[49,57758,341],{"class":85},[49,57760,3821],{"class":3757},[49,57762,341],{"class":85},[49,57764,2896],{"class":458},[49,57766,341],{"class":85},[49,57768,1264],{"class":458},[49,57770,1244],{"class":85},[49,57772,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,57774,110],{"class":109},[49,57776,92],{"class":85},[49,57778,5266],{"class":88},[49,57780,32],{"class":85},[49,57782,41160],{"class":88},[49,57784,92],{"class":85},[49,57786,1223],{"class":458},[49,57788,261],{"class":85},[49,57790,50819],{"class":121},[49,57792,57793,57795,57797,57799,57801,57803,57805,57807,57809],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,57794,110],{"class":109},[49,57796,92],{"class":85},[49,57798,5266],{"class":88},[49,57800,32],{"class":85},[49,57802,41160],{"class":88},[49,57804,92],{"class":85},[49,57806,633],{"class":3757},[49,57808,261],{"class":85},[49,57810,50671],{"class":121},[20,57812,4316],{},[20,57814,57815],{},"In Python:",[194,57817,57818,57823],{},[197,57819,57820],{},[15,57821,57822],{},"True == 1",[197,57824,57825],{},[15,57826,57827],{},"False == 0",[20,57829,53551,57830,57832],{},[15,57831,57188],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[353,57834,57836],{"id":57835},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[40,57838,57840],{"className":42,"code":57839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57841,57842,57884],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57843,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876,57878,57880,57882],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57845,7687],{"class":55},[49,57847,60],{"class":59},[49,57849,56191],{"class":85},[49,57851,1223],{"class":458},[49,57853,341],{"class":85},[49,57855,2896],{"class":458},[49,57857,17972],{"class":85},[49,57859,3530],{"class":85},[49,57861,1965],{"class":458},[49,57863,341],{"class":85},[49,57865,808],{"class":458},[49,57867,17972],{"class":85},[49,57869,3530],{"class":85},[49,57871,1223],{"class":458},[49,57873,341],{"class":85},[49,57875,2896],{"class":458},[49,57877,17972],{"class":85},[49,57879,3530],{"class":85},[49,57881,1223],{"class":458},[49,57883,53140],{"class":85},[49,57885,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,57887,110],{"class":109},[49,57889,92],{"class":85},[49,57891,7718],{"class":88},[49,57893,32],{"class":85},[49,57895,41160],{"class":88},[49,57897,2889],{"class":85},[49,57899,1223],{"class":458},[49,57901,341],{"class":85},[49,57903,2896],{"class":458},[49,57905,4641],{"class":85},[49,57907,51314],{"class":121},[20,57909,57910],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[181,57912,57914],{"id":57913},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[353,57916,57918],{"id":57917},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[40,57920,57922],{"className":42,"code":57921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57923,57924,57952,57970,57974],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57925,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57927,3525],{"class":55},[49,57929,60],{"class":59},[49,57931,3530],{"class":85},[49,57933,2233],{"class":458},[49,57935,341],{"class":85},[49,57937,7698],{"class":458},[49,57939,341],{"class":85},[49,57941,5911],{"class":458},[49,57943,341],{"class":85},[49,57945,7703],{"class":458},[49,57947,341],{"class":85},[49,57949,5911],{"class":458},[49,57951,1244],{"class":85},[49,57953,57954,57956,57958,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,57955,2131],{"class":55},[49,57957,60],{"class":59},[49,57959,4169],{"class":55},[49,57961,32],{"class":85},[49,57963,41160],{"class":88},[49,57965,92],{"class":85},[49,57967,2233],{"class":458},[49,57969,103],{"class":85},[49,57971,57972],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,57973,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,57975,57976,57978,57980,57982],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,57977,110],{"class":109},[49,57979,92],{"class":85},[49,57981,2166],{"class":88},[49,57983,103],{"class":85},[20,57985,1974],{},[40,57987,57988],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,57989,57990],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,57991,57992],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,57993,46516],{"class":458},[353,57995,57997],{"id":57996},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[40,57999,58001],{"className":42,"code":58000,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58002,58003,58045,58067,58071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58004,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58041,58043],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58006,3976],{"class":55},[49,58008,60],{"class":59},[49,58010,3530],{"class":85},[49,58012,95],{"class":63},[49,58014,36952],{"class":67},[49,58016,95],{"class":63},[49,58018,341],{"class":85},[49,58020,64],{"class":63},[49,58022,58023],{"class":67},"dog",[49,58025,95],{"class":63},[49,58027,341],{"class":85},[49,58029,64],{"class":63},[49,58031,36952],{"class":67},[49,58033,95],{"class":63},[49,58035,341],{"class":85},[49,58037,64],{"class":63},[49,58039,58040],{"class":67},"bird",[49,58042,95],{"class":63},[49,58044,1244],{"class":85},[49,58046,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,58048,2131],{"class":55},[49,58050,60],{"class":59},[49,58052,6075],{"class":55},[49,58054,32],{"class":85},[49,58056,41160],{"class":88},[49,58058,92],{"class":85},[49,58060,95],{"class":63},[49,58062,36952],{"class":67},[49,58064,95],{"class":63},[49,58066,103],{"class":85},[49,58068,58069],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,58070,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,58072,58073,58075,58077,58079],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,58074,110],{"class":109},[49,58076,92],{"class":85},[49,58078,2166],{"class":88},[49,58080,103],{"class":85},[20,58082,1974],{},[40,58084,58085],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,58086,58087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58088,58089],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58090,16968],{"class":458},[353,58092,58094],{"id":58093},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[40,58096,58098],{"className":42,"code":58097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58099,58100,58124,58142,58146],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58101,58102,58104,58106,58108,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58103,3525],{"class":55},[49,58105,60],{"class":59},[49,58107,3530],{"class":85},[49,58109,1223],{"class":458},[49,58111,341],{"class":85},[49,58113,2896],{"class":458},[49,58115,341],{"class":85},[49,58117,2354],{"class":458},[49,58119,341],{"class":85},[49,58121,808],{"class":458},[49,58123,1244],{"class":85},[49,58125,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,58127,2131],{"class":55},[49,58129,60],{"class":59},[49,58131,4169],{"class":55},[49,58133,32],{"class":85},[49,58135,41160],{"class":88},[49,58137,92],{"class":85},[49,58139,2040],{"class":458},[49,58141,103],{"class":85},[49,58143,58144],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,58145,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,58147,58148,58150,58152,58154],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,58149,110],{"class":109},[49,58151,92],{"class":85},[49,58153,2166],{"class":88},[49,58155,103],{"class":85},[20,58157,1974],{},[40,58159,58160],{"className":42,"code":47151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,58161,58162],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58163,58164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58165,47151],{"class":458},[353,58167,58169],{"id":58168},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[40,58171,58173],{"className":42,"code":58172,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58174,58175,58221,58243,58247],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58176,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185,58187,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58207,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58178,9071],{"class":55},[49,58180,60],{"class":59},[49,58182,56191],{"class":85},[49,58184,1223],{"class":458},[49,58186,341],{"class":85},[49,58188,2896],{"class":458},[49,58190,17972],{"class":85},[49,58192,3530],{"class":85},[49,58194,1223],{"class":458},[49,58196,341],{"class":85},[49,58198,2896],{"class":458},[49,58200,17972],{"class":85},[49,58202,3530],{"class":85},[49,58204,312],{"class":458},[49,58206,341],{"class":85},[49,58208,2354],{"class":458},[49,58210,17972],{"class":85},[49,58212,3530],{"class":85},[49,58214,1223],{"class":458},[49,58216,341],{"class":85},[49,58218,2896],{"class":458},[49,58220,53140],{"class":85},[49,58222,58223,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,58224,2131],{"class":55},[49,58226,60],{"class":59},[49,58228,14476],{"class":55},[49,58230,32],{"class":85},[49,58232,41160],{"class":88},[49,58234,2889],{"class":85},[49,58236,1223],{"class":458},[49,58238,341],{"class":85},[49,58240,2896],{"class":458},[49,58242,3794],{"class":85},[49,58244,58245],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,58246,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,58248,58249,58251,58253,58255],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,58250,110],{"class":109},[49,58252,92],{"class":85},[49,58254,2166],{"class":88},[49,58256,103],{"class":85},[20,58258,1974],{},[40,58260,58261],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,58262,58263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58264,58265],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58266,46516],{"class":458},[181,58268,4868,58270],{"id":58269},"when-to-use-count",[15,58271,57188],{},[20,58273,35,58274,58276],{},[15,58275,57188],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58278,58279],{},"Good use cases:",[194,58281,58282,58285,58288],{},[197,58283,58284],{},"counting one specific item",[197,58286,58287],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[197,58289,58290],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58292,214],{},[40,58294,58296],{"className":42,"code":58295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58297,58298,58339,58363,58367],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58299,58300,58303,58305,58307,58309,58311,58313,58315,58317,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58301,58302],{"class":55},"votes ",[49,58304,60],{"class":59},[49,58306,3530],{"class":85},[49,58308,95],{"class":63},[49,58310,8563],{"class":67},[49,58312,95],{"class":63},[49,58314,341],{"class":85},[49,58316,64],{"class":63},[49,58318,8504],{"class":67},[49,58320,95],{"class":63},[49,58322,341],{"class":85},[49,58324,64],{"class":63},[49,58326,8563],{"class":67},[49,58328,95],{"class":63},[49,58330,341],{"class":85},[49,58332,64],{"class":63},[49,58334,8563],{"class":67},[49,58336,95],{"class":63},[49,58338,1244],{"class":85},[49,58340,58341,58344,58346,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357,58359,58361],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,58342,58343],{"class":55},"yes_votes ",[49,58345,60],{"class":59},[49,58347,58348],{"class":55}," votes",[49,58350,32],{"class":85},[49,58352,41160],{"class":88},[49,58354,92],{"class":85},[49,58356,95],{"class":63},[49,58358,8563],{"class":67},[49,58360,95],{"class":63},[49,58362,103],{"class":85},[49,58364,58365],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,58366,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,58368,58369,58371,58373,58376],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,58370,110],{"class":109},[49,58372,92],{"class":85},[49,58374,58375],{"class":88},"yes_votes",[49,58377,103],{"class":85},[20,58379,58380,58382],{},[15,58381,57188],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58384,58385,58386,380,58388,32],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[820,58387,52669],{"href":50879},[820,58389,58391],{"href":58390},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[181,58393,1308],{"id":1307},[20,58395,8355,58396,32],{},[15,58397,57193],{},[353,58399,58401],{"id":58400},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58403,58404,58406],{},[15,58405,57193],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[40,58408,58410],{"className":42,"code":58409,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58411,58412,58445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58413,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58415,3976],{"class":55},[49,58417,60],{"class":59},[49,58419,3530],{"class":85},[49,58421,95],{"class":63},[49,58423,58424],{"class":67},"apple pie",[49,58426,95],{"class":63},[49,58428,341],{"class":85},[49,58430,64],{"class":63},[49,58432,230],{"class":67},[49,58434,95],{"class":63},[49,58436,341],{"class":85},[49,58438,64],{"class":63},[49,58440,58424],{"class":67},[49,58442,95],{"class":63},[49,58444,1244],{"class":85},[49,58446,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463,58465,58467],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,58448,110],{"class":109},[49,58450,92],{"class":85},[49,58452,4019],{"class":88},[49,58454,32],{"class":85},[49,58456,41160],{"class":88},[49,58458,92],{"class":85},[49,58460,95],{"class":63},[49,58462,3985],{"class":67},[49,58464,95],{"class":63},[49,58466,261],{"class":85},[49,58468,898],{"class":121},[20,58470,2390,58471,2394],{},[15,58472,516],{},[20,58474,28966,58475,58477,58478,32],{},[15,58476,57729],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58479,58480],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58482,58483,58484,32],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58485,58486],{},"str.count()",[353,58488,1318,58490,630,58492,634,58494],{"id":58489},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58491,57188],{},[15,58493,633],{},[15,58495,637],{},[20,58497,58498,58500],{},[15,58499,57188],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[40,58502,58504],{"className":42,"code":58503,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58505,58506,58530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58507,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58509,3525],{"class":55},[49,58511,60],{"class":59},[49,58513,3530],{"class":85},[49,58515,1223],{"class":458},[49,58517,341],{"class":85},[49,58519,2896],{"class":458},[49,58521,341],{"class":85},[49,58523,2896],{"class":458},[49,58525,341],{"class":85},[49,58527,2354],{"class":458},[49,58529,1244],{"class":85},[49,58531,58532,58534,58536,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,58533,110],{"class":109},[49,58535,92],{"class":85},[49,58537,3556],{"class":88},[49,58539,32],{"class":85},[49,58541,41160],{"class":88},[49,58543,92],{"class":85},[49,58545,312],{"class":458},[49,58547,261],{"class":85},[49,58549,51314],{"class":121},[20,58551,58552],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[40,58554,58556],{"className":42,"code":58555,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58557,58558],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58559,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58561,110],{"class":109},[49,58563,92],{"class":85},[49,58565,312],{"class":458},[49,58567,21083],{"class":1210},[49,58569,4169],{"class":88},[49,58571,118],{"class":85},[49,58573,3571],{"class":121},[353,58575,58577],{"id":58576},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[40,58579,58581],{"className":42,"code":58580,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58582,58583,58616],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58584,58585,58587,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609,58612,58614],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58586,4902],{"class":55},[49,58588,60],{"class":59},[49,58590,3530],{"class":85},[49,58592,95],{"class":63},[49,58594,7584],{"class":67},[49,58596,95],{"class":63},[49,58598,341],{"class":85},[49,58600,64],{"class":63},[49,58602,20129],{"class":67},[49,58604,95],{"class":63},[49,58606,341],{"class":85},[49,58608,64],{"class":63},[49,58610,58611],{"class":67},"SAM",[49,58613,95],{"class":63},[49,58615,1244],{"class":85},[49,58617,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630,58632,58634,58636,58638],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,58619,110],{"class":109},[49,58621,92],{"class":85},[49,58623,4946],{"class":88},[49,58625,32],{"class":85},[49,58627,41160],{"class":88},[49,58629,92],{"class":85},[49,58631,95],{"class":63},[49,58633,20129],{"class":67},[49,58635,95],{"class":63},[49,58637,261],{"class":85},[49,58639,27685],{"class":121},[20,58641,58642,58643,58646],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58644,58645],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[353,58648,29555,58650,33456],{"id":58649},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58651,57188],{},[20,58653,58654],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[40,58656,58658],{"className":42,"code":58657,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58659,58660,58670,58684,58702,58716,58728],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58661,58662,58664,58666,58668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58663,110],{"class":109},[49,58665,92],{"class":85},[49,58667,8248],{"class":88},[49,58669,103],{"class":85},[49,58671,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,58673,110],{"class":109},[49,58675,92],{"class":85},[49,58677,3127],{"class":2804},[49,58679,92],{"class":85},[49,58681,8248],{"class":88},[49,58683,1581],{"class":85},[49,58685,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,58687,110],{"class":109},[49,58689,92],{"class":85},[49,58691,8248],{"class":88},[49,58693,32],{"class":85},[49,58695,41160],{"class":88},[49,58697,92],{"class":85},[49,58699,338],{"class":88},[49,58701,1581],{"class":85},[49,58703,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712,58714],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,58705,110],{"class":109},[49,58707,92],{"class":85},[49,58709,2349],{"class":88},[49,58711,3788],{"class":1210},[49,58713,8304],{"class":88},[49,58715,103],{"class":85},[49,58717,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,58719,5865],{"class":1210},[49,58721,5868],{"class":55},[49,58723,3788],{"class":1210},[49,58725,8304],{"class":55},[49,58727,1226],{"class":85},[49,58729,58730,58732,58734,58736,58738,58740],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,58731,1273],{"class":109},[49,58733,92],{"class":85},[49,58735,1590],{"class":109},[49,58737,92],{"class":85},[49,58739,23220],{"class":88},[49,58741,1581],{"class":85},[20,58743,58744],{},"These checks can help you see:",[194,58746,58747,58750,58753],{},[197,58748,58749],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[197,58751,58752],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[197,58754,58755],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58757,58758],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[194,58760,58761,58766,58769,58776],{},[197,58762,50392,58763,58765],{},[15,58764,57188],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[197,58767,58768],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[197,58770,11014,58771,58773,58774],{},[15,58772,57193],{}," with string ",[15,58775,57188],{},[197,58777,58778],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[181,58780,1704],{"id":1703},[353,58782,1720,58784,58786],{"id":58783},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58785,57193],{}," change the list?",[20,58788,58789],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[353,58791,58793],{"id":58792},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58795,11818,58796,32],{},[15,58797,516],{},[353,58799,5077,58801,58803],{"id":58800},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58802,57193],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58805,58806],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[353,58808,14813,58810,58812],{"id":58809},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58811,57193],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58814,42052,58815,380,58817,58819],{},[15,58816,57732],{},[15,58818,57729],{}," are different values.",[353,58821,5065,58823,58825,58826,2394],{"id":58822},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58824,633],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58827,1223],{},[20,58829,8690,58830,58832,58833,380,58835,58832,58837,32],{},[15,58831,633],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58834,1223],{},[15,58836,637],{},[15,58838,516],{},[181,58840,1775],{"id":1774},[194,58842,58843,58847,58853,58857,58864,58871],{},[197,58844,58845],{},[820,58846,52669],{"href":50879},[197,58848,58849],{},[820,58850,58852],{"href":58851},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[197,58854,58855],{},[820,58856,6842],{"href":6104},[197,58858,58859],{},[820,58860,55417,58862,1785],{"href":58861},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58863,986],{},[197,58865,58866],{},[820,58867,3482,58869],{"href":58868},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58870,42261],{},[197,58872,58873],{},[820,58874,58875],{"href":58390},"What is a list in Python",[1834,58877,58878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":58880},[58881,58882,58884,58885,58886,58892,58898,58900,58908,58919],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":57285,"depth":74,"text":58883},"What list.count() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":501,"depth":74,"text":502},{"id":57605,"depth":74,"text":57606,"children":58887},[58888,58889,58891],{"id":57637,"depth":106,"text":57638},{"id":57736,"depth":106,"text":58890},"1 and True can match",{"id":57835,"depth":106,"text":57836},{"id":57913,"depth":74,"text":57914,"children":58893},[58894,58895,58896,58897],{"id":57917,"depth":106,"text":57918},{"id":57996,"depth":106,"text":57997},{"id":58093,"depth":106,"text":58094},{"id":58168,"depth":106,"text":58169},{"id":58269,"depth":74,"text":58899},"When to use count()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":58901},[58902,58903,58905,58906],{"id":58400,"depth":106,"text":58401},{"id":58489,"depth":106,"text":58904},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58576,"depth":106,"text":58577},{"id":58649,"depth":106,"text":58907},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":58909},[58910,58912,58913,58915,58917],{"id":58783,"depth":106,"text":58911},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58792,"depth":106,"text":58793},{"id":58800,"depth":106,"text":58914},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58809,"depth":106,"text":58916},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58822,"depth":106,"text":58918},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57180,"description":58920},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58927,"title":58928,"body":58929,"description":60887,"extension":1866,"meta":60888,"navigation":128,"path":60889,"seo":60890,"stem":60891,"__hash__":60892},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58930,"toc":60850},[58931,58934,58937,58939,59067,59071,59152,59163,59165,59184,59188,59191,59194,59212,59214,59257,59261,59286,59295,59299,59304,59307,59424,59428,59497,59501,59513,59517,59520,59561,59565,59578,59581,59666,59670,59703,59710,59716,59721,59723,59735,59739,59772,59776,59808,59812,59849,59853,59873,59877,59911,59915,59944,59955,59959,59962,59965,59978,60035,60039,60078,60084,60087,60089,60092,60096,60099,60124,60126,60151,60158,60161,60206,60210,60229,60232,60271,60278,60283,60316,60320,60419,60425,60458,60462,60487,60491,60494,60532,60535,60572,60576,60579,60598,60602,60663,60665,60683,60687,60690,60693,60722,60724,60728,60731,60739,60743,60746,60766,60772,60778,60782,60785,60792,60800,60802,60841,60847],[10,58932,58928],{"id":58933},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58935,58936],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[181,58938,3515],{"id":3514},[40,58940,58942],{"className":42,"code":58941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58943,58944,58964,58996,59004,59022,59026,59036,59046,59057],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,58945,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958,58960,58962],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,58947,3525],{"class":55},[49,58949,60],{"class":59},[49,58951,3530],{"class":85},[49,58953,1223],{"class":458},[49,58955,341],{"class":85},[49,58957,2896],{"class":458},[49,58959,341],{"class":85},[49,58961,2354],{"class":458},[49,58963,1244],{"class":85},[49,58965,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986,58988,58990,58992,58994],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,58967,4902],{"class":55},[49,58969,60],{"class":59},[49,58971,3530],{"class":85},[49,58973,95],{"class":63},[49,58975,12788],{"class":67},[49,58977,95],{"class":63},[49,58979,341],{"class":85},[49,58981,64],{"class":63},[49,58983,35846],{"class":67},[49,58985,95],{"class":63},[49,58987,341],{"class":85},[49,58989,64],{"class":63},[49,58991,35855],{"class":67},[49,58993,95],{"class":63},[49,58995,1244],{"class":85},[49,58997,58998,59000,59002],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,58999,55828],{"class":55},[49,59001,60],{"class":59},[49,59003,7747],{"class":85},[49,59005,59006,59008,59010,59012,59014,59016,59018,59020],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,59007,35994],{"class":55},[49,59009,60],{"class":59},[49,59011,22469],{"class":2804},[49,59013,92],{"class":85},[49,59015,95],{"class":63},[49,59017,41461],{"class":67},[49,59019,95],{"class":63},[49,59021,103],{"class":85},[49,59023,59024],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,59025,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,59027,59028,59030,59032,59034],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,59029,110],{"class":109},[49,59031,92],{"class":85},[49,59033,3556],{"class":88},[49,59035,103],{"class":85},[49,59037,59038,59040,59042,59044],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,59039,110],{"class":109},[49,59041,92],{"class":85},[49,59043,4946],{"class":88},[49,59045,103],{"class":85},[49,59047,59048,59050,59052,59055],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,59049,110],{"class":109},[49,59051,92],{"class":85},[49,59053,59054],{"class":88},"empty_list",[49,59056,103],{"class":85},[49,59058,59059,59061,59063,59065],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,59060,110],{"class":109},[49,59062,92],{"class":85},[49,59064,36047],{"class":88},[49,59066,103],{"class":85},[20,59068,59069],{},[666,59070,1974],{},[40,59072,59074],{"className":42,"code":59073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59075,59076,59092,59120,59124],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59077,59078,59080,59082,59084,59086,59088,59090],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59079,1256],{"class":85},[49,59081,1223],{"class":458},[49,59083,341],{"class":85},[49,59085,2896],{"class":458},[49,59087,341],{"class":85},[49,59089,2354],{"class":458},[49,59091,1244],{"class":85},[49,59093,59094,59096,59098,59100,59102,59104,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59095,1256],{"class":85},[49,59097,1573],{"class":63},[49,59099,12788],{"class":67},[49,59101,1573],{"class":63},[49,59103,341],{"class":85},[49,59105,3202],{"class":63},[49,59107,35846],{"class":67},[49,59109,1573],{"class":63},[49,59111,341],{"class":85},[49,59113,3202],{"class":63},[49,59115,35855],{"class":67},[49,59117,1573],{"class":63},[49,59119,1244],{"class":85},[49,59121,59122],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,59123,38200],{"class":85},[49,59125,59126,59128,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,59127,1256],{"class":85},[49,59129,1573],{"class":63},[49,59131,820],{"class":67},[49,59133,1573],{"class":63},[49,59135,341],{"class":85},[49,59137,3202],{"class":63},[49,59139,4667],{"class":67},[49,59141,1573],{"class":63},[49,59143,341],{"class":85},[49,59145,3202],{"class":63},[49,59147,9646],{"class":67},[49,59149,1573],{"class":63},[49,59151,1244],{"class":85},[20,59153,59154,59155,59157,59158,59160,59161,32],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59156,3693],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59159,24691],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59162,36102],{},[181,59164,15073],{"id":15072},[194,59166,59167,59170,59173,59176,59181],{},[197,59168,59169],{},"What a list is in Python",[197,59171,59172],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[197,59174,59175],{},"How to create an empty list",[197,59177,59178,59179,2205],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59180,24691],{},[197,59182,59183],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[181,59185,59187],{"id":59186},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59189,59190],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59192,59193],{},"This means:",[194,59195,59196,59199,59202,59205],{},[197,59197,59198],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[197,59200,59201],{},"The order of items is kept",[197,59203,59204],{},"A list can hold different data types",[197,59206,59207,59208,59211],{},"A list is ",[666,59209,59210],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59213,214],{},[40,59215,59217],{"className":42,"code":59216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59218,59219,59243,59247],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59220,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59222,7687],{"class":55},[49,59224,60],{"class":59},[49,59226,3530],{"class":85},[49,59228,95],{"class":63},[49,59230,3985],{"class":67},[49,59232,95],{"class":63},[49,59234,341],{"class":85},[49,59236,5911],{"class":458},[49,59238,341],{"class":85},[49,59240,3821],{"class":3757},[49,59242,1244],{"class":85},[49,59244,59245],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59246,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,59248,59249,59251,59253,59255],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,59250,110],{"class":109},[49,59252,92],{"class":85},[49,59254,7718],{"class":88},[49,59256,103],{"class":85},[20,59258,59259],{},[666,59260,1974],{},[40,59262,59264],{"className":42,"code":59263,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59265,59266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59267,59268,59270,59272,59274,59276,59278,59280,59282,59284],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59269,1256],{"class":85},[49,59271,1573],{"class":63},[49,59273,3985],{"class":67},[49,59275,1573],{"class":63},[49,59277,341],{"class":85},[49,59279,5911],{"class":458},[49,59281,341],{"class":85},[49,59283,3821],{"class":3757},[49,59285,1244],{"class":85},[20,59287,59288,59289,634,59292,32],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[820,59290,59291],{"href":50879},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[820,59293,59294],{"href":58390},"What is a List in Python?",[181,59296,59298],{"id":59297},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59300,59154,59301,59303],{},[15,59302,3693],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59305,59306],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[40,59308,59310],{"className":42,"code":59309,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59311,59312,59332,59364,59389,59393,59403,59413],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59313,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59315,3525],{"class":55},[49,59317,60],{"class":59},[49,59319,3530],{"class":85},[49,59321,1223],{"class":458},[49,59323,341],{"class":85},[49,59325,2896],{"class":458},[49,59327,341],{"class":85},[49,59329,2354],{"class":458},[49,59331,1244],{"class":85},[49,59333,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354,59356,59358,59360,59362],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59335,4902],{"class":55},[49,59337,60],{"class":59},[49,59339,3530],{"class":85},[49,59341,95],{"class":63},[49,59343,12788],{"class":67},[49,59345,95],{"class":63},[49,59347,341],{"class":85},[49,59349,64],{"class":63},[49,59351,35846],{"class":67},[49,59353,95],{"class":63},[49,59355,341],{"class":85},[49,59357,64],{"class":63},[49,59359,35855],{"class":67},[49,59361,95],{"class":63},[49,59363,1244],{"class":85},[49,59365,59366,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,59367,59368],{"class":55},"mixed ",[49,59370,60],{"class":59},[49,59372,3530],{"class":85},[49,59374,2233],{"class":458},[49,59376,341],{"class":85},[49,59378,64],{"class":63},[49,59380,917],{"class":67},[49,59382,95],{"class":63},[49,59384,341],{"class":85},[49,59386,3812],{"class":3757},[49,59388,1244],{"class":85},[49,59390,59391],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,59392,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,59394,59395,59397,59399,59401],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,59396,110],{"class":109},[49,59398,92],{"class":85},[49,59400,3556],{"class":88},[49,59402,103],{"class":85},[49,59404,59405,59407,59409,59411],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,59406,110],{"class":109},[49,59408,92],{"class":85},[49,59410,4946],{"class":88},[49,59412,103],{"class":85},[49,59414,59415,59417,59419,59422],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,59416,110],{"class":109},[49,59418,92],{"class":85},[49,59420,59421],{"class":88},"mixed",[49,59423,103],{"class":85},[20,59425,59426],{},[666,59427,1974],{},[40,59429,59431],{"className":42,"code":59430,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59432,59433,59449,59477],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59434,59435,59437,59439,59441,59443,59445,59447],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59436,1256],{"class":85},[49,59438,1223],{"class":458},[49,59440,341],{"class":85},[49,59442,2896],{"class":458},[49,59444,341],{"class":85},[49,59446,2354],{"class":458},[49,59448,1244],{"class":85},[49,59450,59451,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59452,1256],{"class":85},[49,59454,1573],{"class":63},[49,59456,12788],{"class":67},[49,59458,1573],{"class":63},[49,59460,341],{"class":85},[49,59462,3202],{"class":63},[49,59464,35846],{"class":67},[49,59466,1573],{"class":63},[49,59468,341],{"class":85},[49,59470,3202],{"class":63},[49,59472,35855],{"class":67},[49,59474,1573],{"class":63},[49,59476,1244],{"class":85},[49,59478,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,59480,1256],{"class":85},[49,59482,2233],{"class":458},[49,59484,341],{"class":85},[49,59486,3202],{"class":63},[49,59488,917],{"class":67},[49,59490,1573],{"class":63},[49,59492,341],{"class":85},[49,59494,3812],{"class":3757},[49,59496,1244],{"class":85},[353,59498,59500],{"id":59499},"key-points","Key points",[194,59502,59503,59508,59510],{},[197,59504,35,59505,59507],{},[15,59506,3693],{}," to make a new list",[197,59509,15343],{},[197,59511,59512],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[181,59514,59516],{"id":59515},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59518,59519],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[40,59521,59523],{"className":42,"code":59522,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59524,59525,59533,59537,59547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59526,59527,59529,59531],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59528,8217],{"class":55},[49,59530,60],{"class":59},[49,59532,7747],{"class":85},[49,59534,59535],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59536,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,59538,59539,59541,59543,59545],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,59540,110],{"class":109},[49,59542,92],{"class":85},[49,59544,8248],{"class":88},[49,59546,103],{"class":85},[49,59548,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,59550,110],{"class":109},[49,59552,92],{"class":85},[49,59554,1631],{"class":109},[49,59556,92],{"class":85},[49,59558,8248],{"class":88},[49,59560,1581],{"class":85},[20,59562,59563],{},[666,59564,1974],{},[40,59566,59568],{"className":42,"code":59567,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[]\n0\n",[15,59569,59570,59574],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59571,59572],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59573,38200],{"class":85},[49,59575,59576],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59577,47151],{"class":458},[20,59579,59580],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[40,59582,59584],{"className":42,"code":59583,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59585,59586,59594,59598,59616,59634,59652,59656],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59587,59588,59590,59592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59589,4902],{"class":55},[49,59591,60],{"class":59},[49,59593,7747],{"class":85},[49,59595,59596],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59597,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,59599,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,59601,4946],{"class":55},[49,59603,32],{"class":85},[49,59605,13462],{"class":88},[49,59607,92],{"class":85},[49,59609,95],{"class":63},[49,59611,12788],{"class":67},[49,59613,95],{"class":63},[49,59615,103],{"class":85},[49,59617,59618,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,59619,4946],{"class":55},[49,59621,32],{"class":85},[49,59623,13462],{"class":88},[49,59625,92],{"class":85},[49,59627,95],{"class":63},[49,59629,35846],{"class":67},[49,59631,95],{"class":63},[49,59633,103],{"class":85},[49,59635,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646,59648,59650],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,59637,4946],{"class":55},[49,59639,32],{"class":85},[49,59641,13462],{"class":88},[49,59643,92],{"class":85},[49,59645,95],{"class":63},[49,59647,35855],{"class":67},[49,59649,95],{"class":63},[49,59651,103],{"class":85},[49,59653,59654],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,59655,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,59657,59658,59660,59662,59664],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,59659,110],{"class":109},[49,59661,92],{"class":85},[49,59663,4946],{"class":88},[49,59665,103],{"class":85},[20,59667,59668],{},[666,59669,1974],{},[40,59671,59673],{"className":42,"code":59672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59674,59675],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59676,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59678,1256],{"class":85},[49,59680,1573],{"class":63},[49,59682,12788],{"class":67},[49,59684,1573],{"class":63},[49,59686,341],{"class":85},[49,59688,3202],{"class":63},[49,59690,35846],{"class":67},[49,59692,1573],{"class":63},[49,59694,341],{"class":85},[49,59696,3202],{"class":63},[49,59698,35855],{"class":67},[49,59700,1573],{"class":63},[49,59702,1244],{"class":85},[20,59704,59705,59706,32],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[820,59707,59708,1785],{"href":56666},[15,59709,52551],{},[181,59711,59713,59714],{"id":59712},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59715,24691],{},[20,59717,35,59718,59720],{},[15,59719,24691],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59722,5364],{},[194,59724,59725,59727,59729,59731],{},[197,59726,5216],{},[197,59728,5210],{},[197,59730,5213],{},[197,59732,59733],{},[15,59734,36102],{},[353,59736,59738],{"id":59737},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[40,59740,59742],{"className":42,"code":59741,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59743,59744,59762],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59745,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756,59758,59760],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59747,35994],{"class":55},[49,59749,60],{"class":59},[49,59751,22469],{"class":2804},[49,59753,92],{"class":85},[49,59755,95],{"class":63},[49,59757,41461],{"class":67},[49,59759,95],{"class":63},[49,59761,103],{"class":85},[49,59763,59764,59766,59768,59770],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59765,110],{"class":109},[49,59767,92],{"class":85},[49,59769,36047],{"class":88},[49,59771,103],{"class":85},[20,59773,59774],{},[666,59775,1974],{},[40,59777,59778],{"className":42,"code":42775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,59779,59780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59781,59782,59784,59786,59788,59790,59792,59794,59796,59798,59800,59802,59804,59806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59783,1256],{"class":85},[49,59785,1573],{"class":63},[49,59787,820],{"class":67},[49,59789,1573],{"class":63},[49,59791,341],{"class":85},[49,59793,3202],{"class":63},[49,59795,4667],{"class":67},[49,59797,1573],{"class":63},[49,59799,341],{"class":85},[49,59801,3202],{"class":63},[49,59803,9646],{"class":67},[49,59805,1573],{"class":63},[49,59807,1244],{"class":85},[353,59809,59811],{"id":59810},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[40,59813,59815],{"className":42,"code":59814,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59816,59817,59839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59818,59819,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835,59837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59820,3525],{"class":55},[49,59822,60],{"class":59},[49,59824,22469],{"class":2804},[49,59826,5417],{"class":85},[49,59828,1223],{"class":458},[49,59830,341],{"class":85},[49,59832,2896],{"class":458},[49,59834,341],{"class":85},[49,59836,2354],{"class":458},[49,59838,1581],{"class":85},[49,59840,59841,59843,59845,59847],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59842,110],{"class":109},[49,59844,92],{"class":85},[49,59846,3556],{"class":88},[49,59848,103],{"class":85},[20,59850,59851],{},[666,59852,1974],{},[40,59854,59855],{"className":42,"code":55047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,59856,59857],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59858,59859,59861,59863,59865,59867,59869,59871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59860,1256],{"class":85},[49,59862,1223],{"class":458},[49,59864,341],{"class":85},[49,59866,2896],{"class":458},[49,59868,341],{"class":85},[49,59870,2354],{"class":458},[49,59872,1244],{"class":85},[353,59874,59876],{"id":59875},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[40,59878,59880],{"className":42,"code":59879,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59881,59882,59901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59883,59884,59886,59888,59890,59892,59895,59897,59899],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59885,3729],{"class":55},[49,59887,60],{"class":59},[49,59889,22469],{"class":2804},[49,59891,92],{"class":85},[49,59893,59894],{"class":109},"range",[49,59896,92],{"class":85},[49,59898,2040],{"class":458},[49,59900,1581],{"class":85},[49,59902,59903,59905,59907,59909],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,59904,110],{"class":109},[49,59906,92],{"class":85},[49,59908,5266],{"class":88},[49,59910,103],{"class":85},[20,59912,59913],{},[666,59914,1974],{},[40,59916,59918],{"className":42,"code":59917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59919,59920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59921,59922,59924,59926,59928,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59923,1256],{"class":85},[49,59925,516],{"class":458},[49,59927,341],{"class":85},[49,59929,1264],{"class":458},[49,59931,341],{"class":85},[49,59933,2896],{"class":458},[49,59935,341],{"class":85},[49,59937,2354],{"class":458},[49,59939,341],{"class":85},[49,59941,808],{"class":458},[49,59943,1244],{"class":85},[20,59945,59946,59948,59949,32],{},[15,59947,24691],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[820,59950,59952,59954],{"href":59951},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59953,24691],{},": Function Explained",[181,59956,59958],{"id":59957},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59960,59961],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59963,59964],{},"Examples include:",[194,59966,59967,59969,59971,59973,59975],{},[197,59968,5216],{},[197,59970,40327],{},[197,59972,51945],{},[197,59974,40497],{},[197,59976,59977],{},"other lists",[40,59979,59981],{"className":42,"code":59980,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59982,59983,60021,60025],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,59984,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001,60003,60005,60007,60009,60011,60013,60015,60017,60019],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,59986,9071],{"class":55},[49,59988,60],{"class":59},[49,59990,3530],{"class":85},[49,59992,95],{"class":63},[49,59994,12788],{"class":67},[49,59996,95],{"class":63},[49,59998,341],{"class":85},[49,60000,9212],{"class":458},[49,60002,341],{"class":85},[49,60004,3821],{"class":3757},[49,60006,341],{"class":85},[49,60008,3530],{"class":85},[49,60010,1223],{"class":458},[49,60012,341],{"class":85},[49,60014,2896],{"class":458},[49,60016,341],{"class":85},[49,60018,2354],{"class":458},[49,60020,53140],{"class":85},[49,60022,60023],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,60024,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,60026,60027,60029,60031,60033],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,60028,110],{"class":109},[49,60030,92],{"class":85},[49,60032,9110],{"class":88},[49,60034,103],{"class":85},[20,60036,60037],{},[666,60038,1974],{},[40,60040,60042],{"className":42,"code":60041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60043,60044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60045,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60070,60072,60074,60076],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60047,1256],{"class":85},[49,60049,1573],{"class":63},[49,60051,12788],{"class":67},[49,60053,1573],{"class":63},[49,60055,341],{"class":85},[49,60057,9212],{"class":458},[49,60059,341],{"class":85},[49,60061,3821],{"class":3757},[49,60063,341],{"class":85},[49,60065,3530],{"class":85},[49,60067,1223],{"class":458},[49,60069,341],{"class":85},[49,60071,2896],{"class":458},[49,60073,341],{"class":85},[49,60075,2354],{"class":458},[49,60077,53140],{"class":85},[20,60079,60080,60081,32],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[666,60082,60083],{},"nested list",[20,60085,60086],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[181,60088,4425],{"id":4424},[20,60090,60091],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[353,60093,60095],{"id":60094},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60097,60098],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[40,60100,60102],{"className":42,"code":60101,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60103,60104,60108],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60105,60106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60107,4442],{"class":121},[49,60109,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,60111,3525],{"class":55},[49,60113,60],{"class":59},[49,60115,3530],{"class":85},[49,60117,1223],{"class":458},[49,60119,2896],{"class":458},[49,60121,2354],{"class":458},[49,60123,1244],{"class":85},[20,60125,10714],{},[40,60127,60129],{"className":42,"code":60128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60130,60131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60132,60133,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60134,3525],{"class":55},[49,60136,60],{"class":59},[49,60138,3530],{"class":85},[49,60140,1223],{"class":458},[49,60142,341],{"class":85},[49,60144,2896],{"class":458},[49,60146,341],{"class":85},[49,60148,2354],{"class":458},[49,60150,1244],{"class":85},[353,60152,644,60154,10999,60156],{"id":60153},"using-instead-of",[15,60155,7272],{},[15,60157,3693],{},[20,60159,60160],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[40,60162,60164],{"className":42,"code":60163,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60165,60166,60187,60191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60167,60168,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60169,60170],{"class":55},"my_values ",[49,60172,60],{"class":59},[49,60174,9142],{"class":85},[49,60176,1223],{"class":458},[49,60178,341],{"class":85},[49,60180,2896],{"class":458},[49,60182,341],{"class":85},[49,60184,2354],{"class":458},[49,60186,103],{"class":85},[49,60188,60189],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,60190,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,60192,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60204],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,60194,110],{"class":109},[49,60196,92],{"class":85},[49,60198,3127],{"class":2804},[49,60200,92],{"class":85},[49,60202,60203],{"class":88},"my_values",[49,60205,1581],{"class":85},[20,60207,60208],{},[666,60209,1974],{},[40,60211,60213],{"className":42,"code":60212,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60214,60215],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60216,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60218,3196],{"class":59},[49,60220,3199],{"class":1968},[49,60222,3202],{"class":63},[49,60224,48853],{"class":67},[49,60226,1573],{"class":63},[49,60228,3209],{"class":59},[20,60230,60231],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[40,60233,60235],{"className":42,"code":60234,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60236,60237,60257],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60238,60239,60241,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60240,60170],{"class":55},[49,60242,60],{"class":59},[49,60244,3530],{"class":85},[49,60246,1223],{"class":458},[49,60248,341],{"class":85},[49,60250,2896],{"class":458},[49,60252,341],{"class":85},[49,60254,2354],{"class":458},[49,60256,1244],{"class":85},[49,60258,60259,60261,60263,60265,60267,60269],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,60260,110],{"class":109},[49,60262,92],{"class":85},[49,60264,3127],{"class":2804},[49,60266,92],{"class":85},[49,60268,60203],{"class":88},[49,60270,1581],{"class":85},[353,60272,1318,60274,60277],{"id":60273},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60275,60276],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60279,60280,60282],{},[15,60281,24691],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[40,60284,60286],{"className":42,"code":60285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60287,60288,60306],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60289,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60291,2131],{"class":55},[49,60293,60],{"class":59},[49,60295,22469],{"class":2804},[49,60297,92],{"class":85},[49,60299,95],{"class":63},[49,60301,68],{"class":67},[49,60303,95],{"class":63},[49,60305,103],{"class":85},[49,60307,60308,60310,60312,60314],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,60309,110],{"class":109},[49,60311,92],{"class":85},[49,60313,2166],{"class":88},[49,60315,103],{"class":85},[20,60317,60318],{},[666,60319,1974],{},[40,60321,60323],{"className":42,"code":60322,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60324,60325],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60326,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335,60337,60339,60342,60344,60346,60348,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379,60382,60384,60386,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60399,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60328,1256],{"class":85},[49,60330,1573],{"class":63},[49,60332,1391],{"class":67},[49,60334,1573],{"class":63},[49,60336,341],{"class":85},[49,60338,3202],{"class":63},[49,60340,60341],{"class":67},"e",[49,60343,1573],{"class":63},[49,60345,341],{"class":85},[49,60347,3202],{"class":63},[49,60349,60350],{"class":67},"l",[49,60352,1573],{"class":63},[49,60354,341],{"class":85},[49,60356,3202],{"class":63},[49,60358,60350],{"class":67},[49,60360,1573],{"class":63},[49,60362,341],{"class":85},[49,60364,3202],{"class":63},[49,60366,426],{"class":67},[49,60368,1573],{"class":63},[49,60370,341],{"class":85},[49,60372,3202],{"class":63},[49,60374,3202],{"class":63},[49,60376,341],{"class":85},[49,60378,3202],{"class":63},[49,60380,60381],{"class":67},"w",[49,60383,1573],{"class":63},[49,60385,341],{"class":85},[49,60387,3202],{"class":63},[49,60389,426],{"class":67},[49,60391,1573],{"class":63},[49,60393,341],{"class":85},[49,60395,3202],{"class":63},[49,60397,60398],{"class":67},"r",[49,60400,1573],{"class":63},[49,60402,341],{"class":85},[49,60404,3202],{"class":63},[49,60406,60350],{"class":67},[49,60408,1573],{"class":63},[49,60410,341],{"class":85},[49,60412,3202],{"class":63},[49,60414,18678],{"class":67},[49,60416,1573],{"class":63},[49,60418,1244],{"class":85},[20,60420,60421,60422,60424],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60423,830],{}," instead:",[40,60426,60428],{"className":42,"code":60427,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60429,60430,60448],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60431,60432,60434,60436,60438,60440,60442,60444,60446],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60433,3976],{"class":55},[49,60435,60],{"class":59},[49,60437,64],{"class":63},[49,60439,68],{"class":67},[49,60441,95],{"class":63},[49,60443,32],{"class":85},[49,60445,34377],{"class":88},[49,60447,8548],{"class":85},[49,60449,60450,60452,60454,60456],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,60451,110],{"class":109},[49,60453,92],{"class":85},[49,60455,4019],{"class":88},[49,60457,103],{"class":85},[20,60459,60460],{},[666,60461,1974],{},[40,60463,60465],{"className":42,"code":60464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60466,60467],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60468,60469,60471,60473,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60470,1256],{"class":85},[49,60472,1573],{"class":63},[49,60474,917],{"class":67},[49,60476,1573],{"class":63},[49,60478,341],{"class":85},[49,60480,3202],{"class":63},[49,60482,98],{"class":67},[49,60484,1573],{"class":63},[49,60486,1244],{"class":85},[353,60488,60490],{"id":60489},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60492,60493],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[40,60495,60497],{"className":42,"code":60496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60498,60499,60503],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60500,60501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60502,4442],{"class":121},[49,60504,60505,60507,60509,60511,60513,60515,60517,60519,60521,60524,60526,60528,60530],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,60506,4902],{"class":55},[49,60508,60],{"class":59},[49,60510,3530],{"class":85},[49,60512,95],{"class":63},[49,60514,12788],{"class":67},[49,60516,95],{"class":63},[49,60518,341],{"class":85},[49,60520,64],{"class":63},[49,60522,60523],{"class":67},"Ben', ",[49,60525,95],{"class":63},[49,60527,35855],{"class":55},[49,60529,95],{"class":63},[49,60531,1244],{"class":67},[20,60533,60534],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[40,60536,60538],{"className":42,"code":60537,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60539,60540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60541,60542,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566,60568,60570],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60543,4902],{"class":55},[49,60545,60],{"class":59},[49,60547,3530],{"class":85},[49,60549,95],{"class":63},[49,60551,12788],{"class":67},[49,60553,95],{"class":63},[49,60555,341],{"class":85},[49,60557,64],{"class":63},[49,60559,35846],{"class":67},[49,60561,95],{"class":63},[49,60563,341],{"class":85},[49,60565,64],{"class":63},[49,60567,35855],{"class":67},[49,60569,95],{"class":63},[49,60571,1244],{"class":85},[353,60573,60575],{"id":60574},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60577,60578],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[194,60580,60581,60584,60587,60592],{},[197,60582,60583],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[197,60585,60586],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[197,60588,60589,60590],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60591,24691],{},[197,60593,1318,60594,60597],{},[15,60595,60596],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[353,60599,60601],{"id":60600},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[40,60603,60605],{"className":42,"code":60604,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60606,60607,60617,60631,60645],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60608,60609,60611,60613,60615],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60610,110],{"class":109},[49,60612,92],{"class":85},[49,60614,8248],{"class":88},[49,60616,103],{"class":85},[49,60618,60619,60621,60623,60625,60627,60629],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,60620,110],{"class":109},[49,60622,92],{"class":85},[49,60624,3127],{"class":2804},[49,60626,92],{"class":85},[49,60628,8248],{"class":88},[49,60630,1581],{"class":85},[49,60632,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,60634,110],{"class":109},[49,60636,92],{"class":85},[49,60638,1631],{"class":109},[49,60640,92],{"class":85},[49,60642,8248],{"class":88},[49,60644,1581],{"class":85},[49,60646,60647,60649,60651,60653,60655,60657,60659,60661],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,60648,110],{"class":109},[49,60650,92],{"class":85},[49,60652,8002],{"class":2804},[49,60654,92],{"class":85},[49,60656,59894],{"class":109},[49,60658,92],{"class":85},[49,60660,2040],{"class":458},[49,60662,2815],{"class":85},[20,60664,25918],{},[194,60666,60667,60670,60673,60676],{},[197,60668,60669],{},"what the list contains",[197,60671,60672],{},"whether the value is really a list",[197,60674,60675],{},"how many items it has",[197,60677,25929,60678,60680,60681],{},[15,60679,24691],{}," does with ",[15,60682,36102],{},[181,60684,60686],{"id":60685},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60688,60689],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60691,60692],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[194,60694,60695,60710,60715],{},[197,60696,35,60697,2091,60701,1455,60705,60709],{},[820,60698,60699],{"href":56666},[15,60700,52551],{},[820,60702,60703],{"href":53242},[15,60704,53344],{},[820,60706,60707],{"href":53806},[15,60708,54166],{}," to add items later",[197,60711,35,60712,60714],{},[820,60713,59291],{"href":50879}," for a broader introduction",[197,60716,35,60717,60721],{},[820,60718,60719,59954],{"href":59951},[15,60720,24691],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[181,60723,1704],{"id":1703},[353,60725,60727],{"id":60726},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60729,60730],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[40,60732,60733],{"className":42,"code":38200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,60734,60735],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60736,60737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60738,38200],{"class":85},[353,60740,60742],{"id":60741},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60744,60745],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[40,60747,60748],{"className":42,"code":55047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,60749,60750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60751,60752,60754,60756,60758,60760,60762,60764],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60753,1256],{"class":85},[49,60755,1223],{"class":458},[49,60757,341],{"class":85},[49,60759,2896],{"class":458},[49,60761,341],{"class":85},[49,60763,2354],{"class":458},[49,60765,1244],{"class":85},[353,60767,5050,60769,60771],{"id":60768},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60770,24691],{}," do in Python?",[20,60773,60774,60775,60777],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60776,36102],{},", into a list.",[353,60779,60781],{"id":60780},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60783,60784],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[353,60786,1740,60788,380,60790,2394],{"id":60787},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60789,3693],{},[15,60791,7272],{},[20,60793,60794,60796,60797,60799],{},[15,60795,3693],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60798,7272],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[181,60801,1775],{"id":1774},[194,60803,60804,60808,60814,60820,60826,60832,60836],{},[197,60805,60806],{},[820,60807,59291],{"href":50879},[197,60809,60810],{},[820,60811,55417,60812,18],{"href":56666},[15,60813,52551],{},[197,60815,60816],{},[820,60817,55417,60818,18],{"href":53242},[15,60819,53344],{},[197,60821,60822],{},[820,60823,55417,60824,18],{"href":53806},[15,60825,54166],{},[197,60827,60828],{},[820,60829,3482,60830,3486],{"href":59951},[15,60831,24691],{},[197,60833,60834],{},[820,60835,59294],{"href":58390},[197,60837,60838],{},[820,60839,60840],{"href":11972},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60842,60843,60844,60846],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60845,52551],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1834,60848,60849],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":60851},[60852,60853,60854,60855,60858,60859,60865,60866,60876,60877,60886],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":15072,"depth":74,"text":15073},{"id":59186,"depth":74,"text":59187},{"id":59297,"depth":74,"text":59298,"children":60856},[60857],{"id":59499,"depth":106,"text":59500},{"id":59515,"depth":74,"text":59516},{"id":59712,"depth":74,"text":60860,"children":60861},"Create a list with list()",[60862,60863,60864],{"id":59737,"depth":106,"text":59738},{"id":59810,"depth":106,"text":59811},{"id":59875,"depth":106,"text":59876},{"id":59957,"depth":74,"text":59958},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":60867},[60868,60869,60871,60873,60874,60875],{"id":60094,"depth":106,"text":60095},{"id":60153,"depth":106,"text":60870},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60273,"depth":106,"text":60872},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60489,"depth":106,"text":60490},{"id":60574,"depth":106,"text":60575},{"id":60600,"depth":106,"text":60601},{"id":60685,"depth":74,"text":60686},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":60878},[60879,60880,60881,60883,60884],{"id":60726,"depth":106,"text":60727},{"id":60741,"depth":106,"text":60742},{"id":60768,"depth":106,"text":60882},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60780,"depth":106,"text":60781},{"id":60787,"depth":106,"text":60885},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58928,"description":60887},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60894,"title":60895,"body":60896,"description":62636,"extension":1866,"meta":62637,"navigation":128,"path":62638,"seo":62639,"stem":62640,"__hash__":62641},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60897,"toc":62591},[60898,60903,60908,60911,60913,60984,60989,60994,60998,61012,61017,61019,61039,61044,61047,61069,61073,61078,61170,61172,61194,61200,61206,61213,61220,61226,61283,61289,61347,61349,61361,61369,61375,61380,61384,61441,61444,61448,61507,61510,61514,61572,61584,61588,61641,61644,61648,61654,61660,61722,61725,61786,61789,61845,61850,61852,61856,61863,61924,61929,61938,61994,62001,62005,62063,62072,62130,62134,62169,62173,62183,62186,62241,62255,62258,62373,62378,62382,62393,62395,62474,62484,62486,62491,62496,62503,62511,62517,62520,62526,62529,62535,62541,62543,62579,62588],[10,60899,54240,60901,18],{"id":60900},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60902,53344],{},[20,60904,60905,60907],{},[15,60906,53245],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60909,60910],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[181,60912,1907],{"id":1906},[40,60914,60916],{"className":42,"code":60915,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60917,60918,60934,60951,60955,60970,60980],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,60919,60920,60922,60924,60926,60928,60930,60932],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,60921,3525],{"class":55},[49,60923,60],{"class":59},[49,60925,3530],{"class":85},[49,60927,1223],{"class":458},[49,60929,341],{"class":85},[49,60931,2896],{"class":458},[49,60933,1244],{"class":85},[49,60935,60936,60939,60941,60943,60945,60947,60949],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,60937,60938],{"class":55},"more_numbers ",[49,60940,60],{"class":59},[49,60942,3530],{"class":85},[49,60944,1965],{"class":458},[49,60946,341],{"class":85},[49,60948,808],{"class":458},[49,60950,1244],{"class":85},[49,60952,60953],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,60954,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,60956,60957,60959,60961,60963,60965,60968],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,60958,3556],{"class":55},[49,60960,32],{"class":85},[49,60962,53374],{"class":88},[49,60964,92],{"class":85},[49,60966,60967],{"class":88},"more_numbers",[49,60969,103],{"class":85},[49,60971,60972,60974,60976,60978],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,60973,110],{"class":109},[49,60975,92],{"class":85},[49,60977,3556],{"class":88},[49,60979,103],{"class":85},[49,60981,60982],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,60983,52621],{"class":121},[20,60985,35,60986,60988],{},[15,60987,53344],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[181,60990,184,60992,187],{"id":60991},"what-listextend-does",[15,60993,53245],{},[20,60995,60996,1197],{},[15,60997,53344],{},[194,60999,61000,61003,61005,61008],{},[197,61001,61002],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[197,61004,54326],{},[197,61006,61007],{},"Does not create a new list",[197,61009,205,61010],{},[15,61011,3684],{},[20,61013,61014,61015,53699],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61016,53344],{},[181,61018,316],{"id":315},[40,61020,61022],{"className":42,"code":61021,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61023,61024],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61025,61026,61029,61031,61033,61035,61037],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61027,61028],{"class":55},"list_name",[49,61030,32],{"class":85},[49,61032,53374],{"class":88},[49,61034,92],{"class":85},[49,61036,3626],{"class":88},[49,61038,103],{"class":85},[20,61040,5359,61041,61043],{},[666,61042,3626],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61045,61046],{},"Common iterables include:",[194,61048,61049,61053,61057,61061,61065],{},[197,61050,61051],{},[15,61052,8002],{},[197,61054,61055],{},[15,61056,48853],{},[197,61058,61059],{},[15,61060,6194],{},[197,61062,61063],{},[15,61064,329],{},[197,61066,61067],{},[15,61068,59894],{},[181,61070,61072],{"id":61071},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61074,61075,61076,1197],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61077,53344],{},[40,61079,61081],{"className":42,"code":61080,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61082,61083,61107,61132,61136,61151,61155,61165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61084,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61097,61099,61101,61103,61105],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61086,36143],{"class":55},[49,61088,60],{"class":59},[49,61090,3530],{"class":85},[49,61092,95],{"class":63},[49,61094,3985],{"class":67},[49,61096,95],{"class":63},[49,61098,341],{"class":85},[49,61100,64],{"class":63},[49,61102,230],{"class":67},[49,61104,95],{"class":63},[49,61106,1244],{"class":85},[49,61108,61109,61112,61114,61116,61118,61120,61122,61124,61126,61128,61130],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61110,61111],{"class":55},"more_fruits ",[49,61113,60],{"class":59},[49,61115,3530],{"class":85},[49,61117,95],{"class":63},[49,61119,33128],{"class":67},[49,61121,95],{"class":63},[49,61123,341],{"class":85},[49,61125,64],{"class":63},[49,61127,22442],{"class":67},[49,61129,95],{"class":63},[49,61131,1244],{"class":85},[49,61133,61134],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61135,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61137,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61149],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61139,36195],{"class":55},[49,61141,32],{"class":85},[49,61143,53374],{"class":88},[49,61145,92],{"class":85},[49,61147,61148],{"class":88},"more_fruits",[49,61150,103],{"class":85},[49,61152,61153],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61154,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61156,61157,61159,61161,61163],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,61158,110],{"class":109},[49,61160,92],{"class":85},[49,61162,36195],{"class":88},[49,61164,103],{"class":85},[49,61166,61167],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,61168,61169],{"class":121},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61171,11590],{},[194,61173,61174,61179,61184],{},[197,61175,61176,61178],{},[15,61177,36195],{}," starts with two items",[197,61180,61181,61183],{},[15,61182,61148],{}," has two more items",[197,61185,61186,61188,61189,61191,61192],{},[15,61187,53344],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61190,61148],{}," to ",[15,61193,36195],{},[20,61195,61196,61197,61199],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61198,36195],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61201,54465,61202,380,61204,32],{},[820,61203,52669],{"href":50879},[820,61205,57052],{"href":57051},[181,61207,61209,983,61211],{"id":61208},"extend-vs-append",[15,61210,53344],{},[15,61212,52551],{},[20,61214,61215,380,61217,61219],{},[15,61216,53344],{},[15,61218,52551],{}," are often confused.",[353,61221,61223,61225],{"id":61222},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61224,53344],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[40,61227,61229],{"className":42,"code":61228,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61230,61231,61247,61265,61269,61279],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61232,61233,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243,61245],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61234,3525],{"class":55},[49,61236,60],{"class":59},[49,61238,3530],{"class":85},[49,61240,1223],{"class":458},[49,61242,341],{"class":85},[49,61244,2896],{"class":458},[49,61246,1244],{"class":85},[49,61248,61249,61251,61253,61255,61257,61259,61261,61263],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61250,3556],{"class":55},[49,61252,32],{"class":85},[49,61254,53374],{"class":88},[49,61256,2889],{"class":85},[49,61258,1965],{"class":458},[49,61260,341],{"class":85},[49,61262,808],{"class":458},[49,61264,3794],{"class":85},[49,61266,61267],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61268,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61270,61271,61273,61275,61277],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61272,110],{"class":109},[49,61274,92],{"class":85},[49,61276,3556],{"class":88},[49,61278,103],{"class":85},[49,61280,61281],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61282,52621],{"class":121},[353,61284,61286,61288],{"id":61285},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61287,52551],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[40,61290,61292],{"className":42,"code":61291,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61293,61294,61310,61328,61332,61342],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61295,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61297,3525],{"class":55},[49,61299,60],{"class":59},[49,61301,3530],{"class":85},[49,61303,1223],{"class":458},[49,61305,341],{"class":85},[49,61307,2896],{"class":458},[49,61309,1244],{"class":85},[49,61311,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61322,61324,61326],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61313,3556],{"class":55},[49,61315,32],{"class":85},[49,61317,13462],{"class":88},[49,61319,2889],{"class":85},[49,61321,1965],{"class":458},[49,61323,341],{"class":85},[49,61325,808],{"class":458},[49,61327,3794],{"class":85},[49,61329,61330],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61331,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61333,61334,61336,61338,61340],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61335,110],{"class":109},[49,61337,92],{"class":85},[49,61339,3556],{"class":88},[49,61341,103],{"class":85},[49,61343,61344],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61345,61346],{"class":121},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61348,18605],{},[194,61350,61351,61356],{},[197,61352,61353,61355],{},[15,61354,53344],{}," to combine values",[197,61357,61358,61360],{},[15,61359,52551],{}," to add one item",[20,61362,41993,61363,380,61367,32],{},[820,61364,55417,61365,1785],{"href":56666},[15,61366,52551],{},[820,61368,52947],{"href":52946},[181,61370,644,61372,61374],{"id":61371},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61373,53344],{}," with different iterables",[20,61376,61377,61379],{},[15,61378,53344],{}," works with more than just lists.",[353,61381,61383],{"id":61382},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[40,61385,61387],{"className":42,"code":61386,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61388,61389,61405,61423,61427,61437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61390,61391,61393,61395,61397,61399,61401,61403],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61392,3729],{"class":55},[49,61394,60],{"class":59},[49,61396,3530],{"class":85},[49,61398,1223],{"class":458},[49,61400,341],{"class":85},[49,61402,2896],{"class":458},[49,61404,1244],{"class":85},[49,61406,61407,61409,61411,61413,61415,61417,61419,61421],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61408,5266],{"class":55},[49,61410,32],{"class":85},[49,61412,53374],{"class":88},[49,61414,5417],{"class":85},[49,61416,1965],{"class":458},[49,61418,341],{"class":85},[49,61420,808],{"class":458},[49,61422,1581],{"class":85},[49,61424,61425],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61426,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61428,61429,61431,61433,61435],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61430,110],{"class":109},[49,61432,92],{"class":85},[49,61434,5266],{"class":88},[49,61436,103],{"class":85},[49,61438,61439],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61440,52621],{"class":121},[20,61442,61443],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[353,61445,61447],{"id":61446},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[40,61449,61451],{"className":42,"code":61450,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61452,61453,61469,61488,61492,61502],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61454,61455,61457,61459,61461,61463,61465,61467],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61456,35994],{"class":55},[49,61458,60],{"class":59},[49,61460,3530],{"class":85},[49,61462,95],{"class":63},[49,61464,820],{"class":67},[49,61466,95],{"class":63},[49,61468,1244],{"class":85},[49,61470,61471,61473,61475,61477,61479,61481,61484,61486],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61472,36047],{"class":55},[49,61474,32],{"class":85},[49,61476,53374],{"class":88},[49,61478,92],{"class":85},[49,61480,95],{"class":63},[49,61482,61483],{"class":67},"bc",[49,61485,95],{"class":63},[49,61487,103],{"class":85},[49,61489,61490],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61491,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61493,61494,61496,61498,61500],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61495,110],{"class":109},[49,61497,92],{"class":85},[49,61499,36047],{"class":88},[49,61501,103],{"class":85},[49,61503,61504],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61505,61506],{"class":121},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61508,61509],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[353,61511,61513],{"id":61512},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[40,61515,61517],{"className":42,"code":61516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61518,61519,61531,61553,61557,61567],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61520,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61522,3525],{"class":55},[49,61524,60],{"class":59},[49,61526,3530],{"class":85},[49,61528,516],{"class":458},[49,61530,1244],{"class":85},[49,61532,61533,61535,61537,61539,61541,61543,61545,61547,61549,61551],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61534,3556],{"class":55},[49,61536,32],{"class":85},[49,61538,53374],{"class":88},[49,61540,92],{"class":85},[49,61542,59894],{"class":109},[49,61544,92],{"class":85},[49,61546,1223],{"class":458},[49,61548,341],{"class":85},[49,61550,808],{"class":458},[49,61552,1581],{"class":85},[49,61554,61555],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61556,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61558,61559,61561,61563,61565],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61560,110],{"class":109},[49,61562,92],{"class":85},[49,61564,3556],{"class":88},[49,61566,103],{"class":85},[49,61568,61569],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61570,61571],{"class":121},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61573,61574,61577,61578,2091,61580,1455,61582,32],{},[15,61575,61576],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61579,1223],{},[15,61581,312],{},[15,61583,1965],{},[353,61585,61587],{"id":61586},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[40,61589,61591],{"className":42,"code":61590,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61592,61593,61609,61627,61631],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61594,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61596,7687],{"class":55},[49,61598,60],{"class":59},[49,61600,3530],{"class":85},[49,61602,1223],{"class":458},[49,61604,341],{"class":85},[49,61606,2896],{"class":458},[49,61608,1244],{"class":85},[49,61610,61611,61613,61615,61617,61619,61621,61623,61625],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61612,7718],{"class":55},[49,61614,32],{"class":85},[49,61616,53374],{"class":88},[49,61618,5436],{"class":85},[49,61620,1965],{"class":458},[49,61622,341],{"class":85},[49,61624,808],{"class":458},[49,61626,30402],{"class":85},[49,61628,61629],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61630,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61632,61633,61635,61637,61639],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61634,110],{"class":109},[49,61636,92],{"class":85},[49,61638,7718],{"class":88},[49,61640,103],{"class":85},[20,61642,61643],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[181,61645,61647],{"id":61646},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61649,61650,1000,61652,32],{},[15,61651,53344],{},[15,61653,3684],{},[20,61655,61656,61657,1197],{},"That means this is ",[666,61658,61659],{},"wrong",[40,61661,61663],{"className":42,"code":61662,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61664,61665,61681,61703,61707,61717],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61666,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675,61677,61679],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61668,3525],{"class":55},[49,61670,60],{"class":59},[49,61672,3530],{"class":85},[49,61674,1223],{"class":458},[49,61676,341],{"class":85},[49,61678,2896],{"class":458},[49,61680,1244],{"class":85},[49,61682,61683,61685,61687,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699,61701],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61684,2131],{"class":55},[49,61686,60],{"class":59},[49,61688,4169],{"class":55},[49,61690,32],{"class":85},[49,61692,53374],{"class":88},[49,61694,2889],{"class":85},[49,61696,1965],{"class":458},[49,61698,341],{"class":85},[49,61700,808],{"class":458},[49,61702,3794],{"class":85},[49,61704,61705],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61706,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61708,61709,61711,61713,61715],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61710,110],{"class":109},[49,61712,92],{"class":85},[49,61714,2166],{"class":88},[49,61716,103],{"class":85},[49,61718,61719],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61720,61721],{"class":121},"# None\n",[20,61723,61724],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[40,61726,61728],{"className":42,"code":61727,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61729,61730,61746,61768,61772,61782],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61731,61732,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742,61744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61733,3525],{"class":55},[49,61735,60],{"class":59},[49,61737,3530],{"class":85},[49,61739,1223],{"class":458},[49,61741,341],{"class":85},[49,61743,2896],{"class":458},[49,61745,1244],{"class":85},[49,61747,61748,61750,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762,61764,61766],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61749,3525],{"class":55},[49,61751,60],{"class":59},[49,61753,4169],{"class":55},[49,61755,32],{"class":85},[49,61757,53374],{"class":88},[49,61759,2889],{"class":85},[49,61761,1965],{"class":458},[49,61763,341],{"class":85},[49,61765,808],{"class":458},[49,61767,3794],{"class":85},[49,61769,61770],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61771,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61773,61774,61776,61778,61780],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61775,110],{"class":109},[49,61777,92],{"class":85},[49,61779,3556],{"class":88},[49,61781,103],{"class":85},[49,61783,61784],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61785,61721],{"class":121},[20,61787,61788],{},"The correct way is:",[40,61790,61791],{"className":42,"code":61228,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,61792,61793,61809,61827,61831,61841],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61794,61795,61797,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61796,3525],{"class":55},[49,61798,60],{"class":59},[49,61800,3530],{"class":85},[49,61802,1223],{"class":458},[49,61804,341],{"class":85},[49,61806,2896],{"class":458},[49,61808,1244],{"class":85},[49,61810,61811,61813,61815,61817,61819,61821,61823,61825],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61812,3556],{"class":55},[49,61814,32],{"class":85},[49,61816,53374],{"class":88},[49,61818,2889],{"class":85},[49,61820,1965],{"class":458},[49,61822,341],{"class":85},[49,61824,808],{"class":458},[49,61826,3794],{"class":85},[49,61828,61829],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61830,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61832,61833,61835,61837,61839],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61834,110],{"class":109},[49,61836,92],{"class":85},[49,61838,3556],{"class":88},[49,61840,103],{"class":85},[49,61842,61843],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61844,52621],{"class":121},[20,61846,55806,61847,61849],{},[15,61848,53344],{}," first, then use the original list.",[181,61851,4425],{"id":4424},[20,61853,14643,61854,32],{},[15,61855,53344],{},[353,61857,61859,61860,61862],{"id":61858},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61861,53344],{}," to return a new list",[40,61864,61866],{"className":42,"code":61865,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61867,61868,61884,61906,61910,61920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61869,61870,61872,61874,61876,61878,61880,61882],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61871,3525],{"class":55},[49,61873,60],{"class":59},[49,61875,3530],{"class":85},[49,61877,1223],{"class":458},[49,61879,341],{"class":85},[49,61881,2896],{"class":458},[49,61883,1244],{"class":85},[49,61885,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894,61896,61898,61900,61902,61904],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61887,55539],{"class":55},[49,61889,60],{"class":59},[49,61891,4169],{"class":55},[49,61893,32],{"class":85},[49,61895,53374],{"class":88},[49,61897,2889],{"class":85},[49,61899,1965],{"class":458},[49,61901,341],{"class":85},[49,61903,808],{"class":458},[49,61905,3794],{"class":85},[49,61907,61908],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61909,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61911,61912,61914,61916,61918],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61913,110],{"class":109},[49,61915,92],{"class":85},[49,61917,55558],{"class":88},[49,61919,103],{"class":85},[49,61921,61922],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61923,61721],{"class":121},[20,61925,61926,61927,32],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61928,53344],{},[353,61930,61932,61933,44529,61935,61937],{"id":61931},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61934,52551],{},[15,61936,53344],{}," is needed",[40,61939,61940],{"className":42,"code":61291,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,61941,61942,61958,61976,61980,61990],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,61943,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954,61956],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,61945,3525],{"class":55},[49,61947,60],{"class":59},[49,61949,3530],{"class":85},[49,61951,1223],{"class":458},[49,61953,341],{"class":85},[49,61955,2896],{"class":458},[49,61957,1244],{"class":85},[49,61959,61960,61962,61964,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,61961,3556],{"class":55},[49,61963,32],{"class":85},[49,61965,13462],{"class":88},[49,61967,2889],{"class":85},[49,61969,1965],{"class":458},[49,61971,341],{"class":85},[49,61973,808],{"class":458},[49,61975,3794],{"class":85},[49,61977,61978],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,61979,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,61981,61982,61984,61986,61988],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,61983,110],{"class":109},[49,61985,92],{"class":85},[49,61987,3556],{"class":88},[49,61989,103],{"class":85},[49,61991,61992],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,61993,61346],{"class":121},[20,61995,61996,61997,53789,61999,6537],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61998,53788],{},[15,62000,53344],{},[353,62002,62004],{"id":62003},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[40,62006,62008],{"className":42,"code":62007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62009,62010,62026,62044,62048,62058],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62011,62012,62014,62016,62018,62020,62022,62024],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62013,3976],{"class":55},[49,62015,60],{"class":59},[49,62017,3530],{"class":85},[49,62019,95],{"class":63},[49,62021,917],{"class":67},[49,62023,95],{"class":63},[49,62025,1244],{"class":85},[49,62027,62028,62030,62032,62034,62036,62038,62040,62042],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62029,4019],{"class":55},[49,62031,32],{"class":85},[49,62033,53374],{"class":88},[49,62035,92],{"class":85},[49,62037,95],{"class":63},[49,62039,98],{"class":67},[49,62041,95],{"class":63},[49,62043,103],{"class":85},[49,62045,62046],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,62047,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,62049,62050,62052,62054,62056],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,62051,110],{"class":109},[49,62053,92],{"class":85},[49,62055,4019],{"class":88},[49,62057,103],{"class":85},[49,62059,62060],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,62061,62062],{"class":121},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62064,62065,62066,62069,62070,1197],{},"If you want ",[15,62067,62068],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62071,52551],{},[40,62073,62075],{"className":42,"code":62074,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62076,62077,62093,62111,62115,62125],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62078,62079,62081,62083,62085,62087,62089,62091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62080,3976],{"class":55},[49,62082,60],{"class":59},[49,62084,3530],{"class":85},[49,62086,95],{"class":63},[49,62088,917],{"class":67},[49,62090,95],{"class":63},[49,62092,1244],{"class":85},[49,62094,62095,62097,62099,62101,62103,62105,62107,62109],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62096,4019],{"class":55},[49,62098,32],{"class":85},[49,62100,13462],{"class":88},[49,62102,92],{"class":85},[49,62104,95],{"class":63},[49,62106,98],{"class":67},[49,62108,95],{"class":63},[49,62110,103],{"class":85},[49,62112,62113],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,62114,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,62116,62117,62119,62121,62123],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,62118,110],{"class":109},[49,62120,92],{"class":85},[49,62122,4019],{"class":88},[49,62124,103],{"class":85},[49,62126,62127],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,62128,62129],{"class":121},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[353,62131,62133],{"id":62132},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[40,62135,62137],{"className":42,"code":62136,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62138,62139,62155],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62140,62141,62143,62145,62147,62149,62151,62153],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62142,3525],{"class":55},[49,62144,60],{"class":59},[49,62146,3530],{"class":85},[49,62148,1223],{"class":458},[49,62150,341],{"class":85},[49,62152,2896],{"class":458},[49,62154,1244],{"class":85},[49,62156,62157,62159,62161,62163,62165,62167],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62158,3556],{"class":55},[49,62160,32],{"class":85},[49,62162,53374],{"class":88},[49,62164,92],{"class":85},[49,62166,2040],{"class":458},[49,62168,103],{"class":85},[20,62170,39556,62171,6457],{},[15,62172,2040],{},[20,62174,62175,62176,62178,62179,62182],{},"You will get a ",[15,62177,2909],{},". See ",[820,62180,62181],{"href":52498},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62184,62185],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[40,62187,62189],{"className":42,"code":62188,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62190,62191,62201,62215,62227],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62192,62193,62195,62197,62199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62194,110],{"class":109},[49,62196,92],{"class":85},[49,62198,8248],{"class":88},[49,62200,103],{"class":85},[49,62202,62203,62205,62207,62209,62211,62213],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62204,110],{"class":109},[49,62206,92],{"class":85},[49,62208,3127],{"class":2804},[49,62210,92],{"class":85},[49,62212,5266],{"class":88},[49,62214,1581],{"class":85},[49,62216,62217,62219,62221,62223,62225],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,62218,110],{"class":109},[49,62220,92],{"class":85},[49,62222,2166],{"class":88},[49,62224,118],{"class":85},[49,62226,103],{"class":55},[49,62228,62229,62231,62233,62235,62237,62239],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,62230,32059],{"class":109},[49,62232,92],{"class":85},[49,62234,8002],{"class":2804},[49,62236,32],{"class":85},[49,62238,53374],{"class":24660},[49,62240,103],{"class":85},[170,62242,62243],{},[20,62244,62245,62246,62249,62250,62252,62253,32],{},"Note: ",[15,62247,62248],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62251,118],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62254,32934],{},[20,62256,62257],{},"Correct debugging example:",[40,62259,62261],{"className":42,"code":62260,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62262,62263,62279,62295,62299,62313,62317,62325,62335,62349,62359],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62264,62265,62267,62269,62271,62273,62275,62277],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62266,8217],{"class":55},[49,62268,60],{"class":59},[49,62270,3530],{"class":85},[49,62272,1223],{"class":458},[49,62274,341],{"class":85},[49,62276,2896],{"class":458},[49,62278,1244],{"class":85},[49,62280,62281,62283,62285,62287,62289,62291,62293],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62282,3729],{"class":55},[49,62284,60],{"class":59},[49,62286,3530],{"class":85},[49,62288,1965],{"class":458},[49,62290,341],{"class":85},[49,62292,808],{"class":458},[49,62294,1244],{"class":85},[49,62296,62297],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,62298,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,62300,62301,62303,62305,62307,62309,62311],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,62302,8248],{"class":55},[49,62304,32],{"class":85},[49,62306,53374],{"class":88},[49,62308,92],{"class":85},[49,62310,5266],{"class":88},[49,62312,103],{"class":85},[49,62314,62315],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,62316,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,62318,62319,62321,62323],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,62320,2131],{"class":55},[49,62322,60],{"class":59},[49,62324,48427],{"class":3757},[49,62326,62327,62329,62331,62333],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,62328,110],{"class":109},[49,62330,92],{"class":85},[49,62332,8248],{"class":88},[49,62334,103],{"class":85},[49,62336,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,62338,110],{"class":109},[49,62340,92],{"class":85},[49,62342,3127],{"class":2804},[49,62344,92],{"class":85},[49,62346,5266],{"class":88},[49,62348,1581],{"class":85},[49,62350,62351,62353,62355,62357],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,62352,110],{"class":109},[49,62354,92],{"class":85},[49,62356,2166],{"class":88},[49,62358,103],{"class":85},[49,62360,62361,62363,62365,62367,62369,62371],{"class":51,"line":6342},[49,62362,32059],{"class":109},[49,62364,92],{"class":85},[49,62366,8002],{"class":2804},[49,62368,32],{"class":85},[49,62370,53374],{"class":24660},[49,62372,103],{"class":85},[181,62374,4868,62376],{"id":62375},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62377,53344],{},[20,62379,35,62380,6225],{},[15,62381,53344],{},[194,62383,62384,62387,62390],{},[197,62385,62386],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[197,62388,62389],{},"Add multiple values at once",[197,62391,62392],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62394,5379],{},[40,62396,62398],{"className":42,"code":62397,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62399,62400,62417,62435,62439,62455,62459,62469],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62401,62402,62405,62407,62409,62411,62413,62415],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62403,62404],{"class":55},"all_scores ",[49,62406,60],{"class":59},[49,62408,3530],{"class":85},[49,62410,13411],{"class":458},[49,62412,341],{"class":85},[49,62414,13416],{"class":458},[49,62416,1244],{"class":85},[49,62418,62419,62422,62424,62426,62428,62430,62433],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62420,62421],{"class":55},"new_scores ",[49,62423,60],{"class":59},[49,62425,3530],{"class":85},[49,62427,51404],{"class":458},[49,62429,341],{"class":85},[49,62431,62432],{"class":458}," 92",[49,62434,1244],{"class":85},[49,62436,62437],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,62438,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,62440,62441,62444,62446,62448,62450,62453],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,62442,62443],{"class":55},"all_scores",[49,62445,32],{"class":85},[49,62447,53374],{"class":88},[49,62449,92],{"class":85},[49,62451,62452],{"class":88},"new_scores",[49,62454,103],{"class":85},[49,62456,62457],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,62458,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,62460,62461,62463,62465,62467],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,62462,110],{"class":109},[49,62464,92],{"class":85},[49,62466,62443],{"class":88},[49,62468,103],{"class":85},[49,62470,62471],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,62472,62473],{"class":121},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62475,62476,62477,62479,62480,32],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62478,52551],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[820,62481,55417,62482,1785],{"href":53806},[15,62483,54166],{},[181,62485,1704],{"id":1703},[353,62487,1720,62489,55366],{"id":62488},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62490,53245],{},[20,62492,62493,62494,32],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62495,3684],{},[353,62497,1740,62499,380,62501,2394],{"id":62498},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62500,53344],{},[15,62502,52551],{},[20,62504,62505,62507,62508,62510],{},[15,62506,53344],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62509,52551],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[353,62512,1760,62514,62516],{"id":62513},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62515,53344],{}," with a string?",[20,62518,62519],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[353,62521,1760,62523,62525],{"id":62522},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62524,53344],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62527,62528],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[353,62530,62532,62533,2394],{"id":62531},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62534,53344],{},[20,62536,62537,62538,62540],{},"You get a ",[15,62539,2909],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[181,62542,1775],{"id":1774},[194,62544,62545,62551,62555,62559,62563,62569,62573],{},[197,62546,62547],{},[820,62548,55417,62549,1785],{"href":56666},[15,62550,52551],{},[197,62552,62553],{},[820,62554,54176],{"href":52946},[197,62556,62557],{},[820,62558,57126],{"href":57051},[197,62560,62561],{},[820,62562,52669],{"href":50879},[197,62564,62565],{},[820,62566,55417,62567,1785],{"href":53806},[15,62568,54166],{},[197,62570,62571],{},[820,62572,62181],{"href":52498},[197,62574,62575],{},[820,62576,55417,62577,1785],{"href":54858},[15,62578,12684],{},[20,62580,62581,62582,62584,62585,62587],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62583,52551],{},", when to use ",[15,62586,54166],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1834,62589,62590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":62592},[62593,62594,62596,62597,62598,62605,62612,62613,62621,62623,62635],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":60991,"depth":74,"text":62595},"What list.extend() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":61071,"depth":74,"text":61072},{"id":61208,"depth":74,"text":62599,"children":62600},"extend() vs append()",[62601,62603],{"id":61222,"depth":106,"text":62602},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61285,"depth":106,"text":62604},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61371,"depth":74,"text":62606,"children":62607},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62608,62609,62610,62611],{"id":61382,"depth":106,"text":61383},{"id":61446,"depth":106,"text":61447},{"id":61512,"depth":106,"text":61513},{"id":61586,"depth":106,"text":61587},{"id":61646,"depth":74,"text":61647},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":62614},[62615,62617,62619,62620],{"id":61858,"depth":106,"text":62616},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61931,"depth":106,"text":62618},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62003,"depth":106,"text":62004},{"id":62132,"depth":106,"text":62133},{"id":62375,"depth":74,"text":62622},"When to use extend()",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":62624},[62625,62627,62629,62631,62633],{"id":62488,"depth":106,"text":62626},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62498,"depth":106,"text":62628},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62513,"depth":106,"text":62630},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62522,"depth":106,"text":62632},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62531,"depth":106,"text":62634},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60895,"description":62636},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62643,"title":62644,"body":62645,"description":64735,"extension":1866,"meta":64736,"navigation":128,"path":64737,"seo":64738,"stem":64739,"__hash__":64740},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62646,"toc":64698},[62647,62650,62655,62661,62672,62678,62680,62749,62751,62800,62808,62812,62817,62820,62831,62836,62838,62840,62861,62874,62877,62890,62892,62897,62922,62924,62932,62935,63004,63006,63030,63036,63040,63044,63080,63082,63102,63109,63113,63146,63148,63182,63187,63191,63224,63226,63254,63262,63266,63303,63305,63326,63329,63333,63402,63404,63428,63434,63441,63445,63448,63450,63464,63467,63491,63493,63518,63521,63540,63542,63568,63577,63581,63588,63665,63667,63708,63714,63720,63811,63813,63869,63872,63877,63881,63886,63890,63949,63951,63976,63980,64043,64045,64070,64074,64137,64139,64182,64185,64189,64193,64215,64219,64301,64303,64338,64346,64348,64352,64356,64358,64385,64390,64392,64419,64425,64428,64451,64453,64502,64505,64508,64527,64531,64534,64585,64588,64594,64598,64603,64606,64608,64614,64623,64627,64633,64637,64640,64644,64647,64651,64657,64659,64695],[10,62648,62644],{"id":62649},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62651,9028,62652,62654],{},[15,62653,24691],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62656,62657,62658,62660],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62659,24691],{}," for two main reasons:",[194,62662,62663,62666],{},[197,62664,62665],{},"to make an empty list",[197,62667,62668,62669,62671],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62670,59894],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62673,62674,62675,62677],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62676,24691],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[181,62679,1907],{"id":1906},[40,62681,62683],{"className":42,"code":62682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62684,62685,62707,62725,62729,62739],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62686,62687,62689,62691,62693,62695,62697,62699,62701,62703,62705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62688,3525],{"class":55},[49,62690,60],{"class":59},[49,62692,22469],{"class":2804},[49,62694,5417],{"class":85},[49,62696,1223],{"class":458},[49,62698,341],{"class":85},[49,62700,2896],{"class":458},[49,62702,341],{"class":85},[49,62704,2354],{"class":458},[49,62706,1581],{"class":85},[49,62708,62709,62711,62713,62715,62717,62719,62721,62723],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62710,35994],{"class":55},[49,62712,60],{"class":59},[49,62714,22469],{"class":2804},[49,62716,92],{"class":85},[49,62718,95],{"class":63},[49,62720,41461],{"class":67},[49,62722,95],{"class":63},[49,62724,103],{"class":85},[49,62726,62727],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,62728,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,62730,62731,62733,62735,62737],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,62732,110],{"class":109},[49,62734,92],{"class":85},[49,62736,3556],{"class":88},[49,62738,103],{"class":85},[49,62740,62741,62743,62745,62747],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,62742,110],{"class":109},[49,62744,92],{"class":85},[49,62746,36047],{"class":88},[49,62748,103],{"class":85},[20,62750,1974],{},[40,62752,62754],{"className":42,"code":62753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62755,62756,62772],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62757,62758,62760,62762,62764,62766,62768,62770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62759,1256],{"class":85},[49,62761,1223],{"class":458},[49,62763,341],{"class":85},[49,62765,2896],{"class":458},[49,62767,341],{"class":85},[49,62769,2354],{"class":458},[49,62771,1244],{"class":85},[49,62773,62774,62776,62778,62780,62782,62784,62786,62788,62790,62792,62794,62796,62798],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62775,1256],{"class":85},[49,62777,1573],{"class":63},[49,62779,820],{"class":67},[49,62781,1573],{"class":63},[49,62783,341],{"class":85},[49,62785,3202],{"class":63},[49,62787,4667],{"class":67},[49,62789,1573],{"class":63},[49,62791,341],{"class":85},[49,62793,3202],{"class":63},[49,62795,9646],{"class":67},[49,62797,1573],{"class":63},[49,62799,1244],{"class":85},[20,62801,35,62802,62804,62805,62807],{},[15,62803,24691],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62806,59894],{},", set, or dictionary.",[181,62809,62811],{"id":62810},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62813,62814,62816],{},[15,62815,24691],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62818,62819],{},"It can:",[194,62821,62822,62825,62828],{},[197,62823,62824],{},"create a new list object",[197,62826,62827],{},"make an empty list",[197,62829,62830],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62832,62833,62834,32],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[820,62835,52669],{"href":50879},[181,62837,316],{"id":315},[20,62839,26395],{},[40,62841,62843],{"className":42,"code":62842,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62844,62845,62851],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62846,62847,62849],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62848,8002],{"class":2804},[49,62850,8548],{"class":85},[49,62852,62853,62855,62857,62859],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62854,8002],{"class":2804},[49,62856,92],{"class":85},[49,62858,3626],{"class":88},[49,62860,103],{"class":85},[194,62862,62863,62868],{},[197,62864,62865,62867],{},[15,62866,24691],{}," makes an empty list",[197,62869,62870,62873],{},[15,62871,62872],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62875,62876],{},"Common iterable values include:",[194,62878,62879,62881,62883,62885,62888],{},[197,62880,5216],{},[197,62882,5210],{},[197,62884,5213],{},[197,62886,62887],{},"ranges",[197,62889,7157],{},[181,62891,59516],{"id":59515},[20,62893,35,62894,62896],{},[15,62895,24691],{}," with no arguments:",[40,62898,62900],{"className":42,"code":62899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62901,62902,62912],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62903,62904,62906,62908,62910],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62905,7687],{"class":55},[49,62907,60],{"class":59},[49,62909,22469],{"class":2804},[49,62911,8548],{"class":85},[49,62913,62914,62916,62918,62920],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62915,110],{"class":109},[49,62917,92],{"class":85},[49,62919,7718],{"class":88},[49,62921,103],{"class":85},[20,62923,1974],{},[40,62925,62926],{"className":42,"code":38200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,62927,62928],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62929,62930],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62931,38200],{"class":85},[20,62933,62934],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[40,62936,62938],{"className":42,"code":62937,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62939,62940,62950,62954,62972,62990,62994],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,62941,62942,62944,62946,62948],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,62943,7687],{"class":55},[49,62945,60],{"class":59},[49,62947,22469],{"class":2804},[49,62949,8548],{"class":85},[49,62951,62952],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,62953,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,62955,62956,62958,62960,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,62957,7718],{"class":55},[49,62959,32],{"class":85},[49,62961,13462],{"class":88},[49,62963,92],{"class":85},[49,62965,95],{"class":63},[49,62967,3985],{"class":67},[49,62969,95],{"class":63},[49,62971,103],{"class":85},[49,62973,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982,62984,62986,62988],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,62975,7718],{"class":55},[49,62977,32],{"class":85},[49,62979,13462],{"class":88},[49,62981,92],{"class":85},[49,62983,95],{"class":63},[49,62985,230],{"class":67},[49,62987,95],{"class":63},[49,62989,103],{"class":85},[49,62991,62992],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,62993,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,62995,62996,62998,63000,63002],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,62997,110],{"class":109},[49,62999,92],{"class":85},[49,63001,7718],{"class":88},[49,63003,103],{"class":85},[20,63005,1974],{},[40,63007,63008],{"className":42,"code":38325,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,63009,63010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63011,63012,63014,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63013,1256],{"class":85},[49,63015,1573],{"class":63},[49,63017,3985],{"class":67},[49,63019,1573],{"class":63},[49,63021,341],{"class":85},[49,63023,3202],{"class":63},[49,63025,230],{"class":67},[49,63027,1573],{"class":63},[49,63029,1244],{"class":85},[20,63031,63032,63033,63035],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63034,3693],{},". Both are valid.",[181,63037,63039],{"id":63038},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[353,63041,63043],{"id":63042},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[40,63045,63046],{"className":42,"code":59814,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,63047,63048,63070],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63049,63050,63052,63054,63056,63058,63060,63062,63064,63066,63068],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63051,3525],{"class":55},[49,63053,60],{"class":59},[49,63055,22469],{"class":2804},[49,63057,5417],{"class":85},[49,63059,1223],{"class":458},[49,63061,341],{"class":85},[49,63063,2896],{"class":458},[49,63065,341],{"class":85},[49,63067,2354],{"class":458},[49,63069,1581],{"class":85},[49,63071,63072,63074,63076,63078],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63073,110],{"class":109},[49,63075,92],{"class":85},[49,63077,3556],{"class":88},[49,63079,103],{"class":85},[20,63081,1974],{},[40,63083,63084],{"className":42,"code":55047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,63085,63086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63087,63088,63090,63092,63094,63096,63098,63100],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63089,1256],{"class":85},[49,63091,1223],{"class":458},[49,63093,341],{"class":85},[49,63095,2896],{"class":458},[49,63097,341],{"class":85},[49,63099,2354],{"class":458},[49,63101,1244],{"class":85},[20,63103,63104,63105,32],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[820,63106,63108],{"href":63107},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[353,63110,63112],{"id":63111},"string-to-list","String to list",[40,63114,63116],{"className":42,"code":63115,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63117,63118,63136],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63119,63120,63122,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132,63134],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63121,35994],{"class":55},[49,63123,60],{"class":59},[49,63125,22469],{"class":2804},[49,63127,92],{"class":85},[49,63129,95],{"class":63},[49,63131,36952],{"class":67},[49,63133,95],{"class":63},[49,63135,103],{"class":85},[49,63137,63138,63140,63142,63144],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63139,110],{"class":109},[49,63141,92],{"class":85},[49,63143,36047],{"class":88},[49,63145,103],{"class":85},[20,63147,1974],{},[40,63149,63151],{"className":42,"code":63150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63152,63153],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63154,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171,63173,63175,63178,63180],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63156,1256],{"class":85},[49,63158,1573],{"class":63},[49,63160,9646],{"class":67},[49,63162,1573],{"class":63},[49,63164,341],{"class":85},[49,63166,3202],{"class":63},[49,63168,820],{"class":67},[49,63170,1573],{"class":63},[49,63172,341],{"class":85},[49,63174,3202],{"class":63},[49,63176,63177],{"class":67},"t",[49,63179,1573],{"class":63},[49,63181,1244],{"class":85},[20,63183,63184,63186],{},[15,63185,24691],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[353,63188,63190],{"id":63189},"range-to-list","Range to list",[40,63192,63194],{"className":42,"code":63193,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63195,63196,63214],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63197,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63199,3525],{"class":55},[49,63201,60],{"class":59},[49,63203,22469],{"class":2804},[49,63205,92],{"class":85},[49,63207,59894],{"class":109},[49,63209,92],{"class":85},[49,63211,2040],{"class":458},[49,63213,1581],{"class":85},[49,63215,63216,63218,63220,63222],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63217,110],{"class":109},[49,63219,92],{"class":85},[49,63221,3556],{"class":88},[49,63223,103],{"class":85},[20,63225,1974],{},[40,63227,63228],{"className":42,"code":59917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,63229,63230],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63231,63232,63234,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63233,1256],{"class":85},[49,63235,516],{"class":458},[49,63237,341],{"class":85},[49,63239,1264],{"class":458},[49,63241,341],{"class":85},[49,63243,2896],{"class":458},[49,63245,341],{"class":85},[49,63247,2354],{"class":458},[49,63249,341],{"class":85},[49,63251,808],{"class":458},[49,63253,1244],{"class":85},[20,63255,63256,63257,63261],{},"This is common when working with ",[820,63258,63259],{"href":36099},[15,63260,36102],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[353,63263,63265],{"id":63264},"set-to-list","Set to list",[40,63267,63269],{"className":42,"code":63268,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63270,63271,63293],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63272,63273,63275,63277,63279,63281,63283,63285,63287,63289,63291],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63274,3729],{"class":55},[49,63276,60],{"class":59},[49,63278,22469],{"class":2804},[49,63280,5436],{"class":85},[49,63282,2233],{"class":458},[49,63284,341],{"class":85},[49,63286,7698],{"class":458},[49,63288,341],{"class":85},[49,63290,7703],{"class":458},[49,63292,30402],{"class":85},[49,63294,63295,63297,63299,63301],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63296,110],{"class":109},[49,63298,92],{"class":85},[49,63300,5266],{"class":88},[49,63302,103],{"class":85},[20,63304,16870],{},[40,63306,63308],{"className":42,"code":63307,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63309,63310],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63311,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63313,1256],{"class":85},[49,63315,2233],{"class":458},[49,63317,341],{"class":85},[49,63319,7698],{"class":458},[49,63321,341],{"class":85},[49,63323,7703],{"class":458},[49,63325,1244],{"class":85},[20,63327,63328],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[353,63330,63332],{"id":63331},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[40,63334,63336],{"className":42,"code":63335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63337,63338,63374,63388,63392],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63339,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63341,13113],{"class":55},[49,63343,60],{"class":59},[49,63345,10398],{"class":85},[49,63347,95],{"class":63},[49,63349,7575],{"class":67},[49,63351,95],{"class":63},[49,63353,1197],{"class":85},[49,63355,64],{"class":63},[49,63357,12788],{"class":67},[49,63359,95],{"class":63},[49,63361,341],{"class":85},[49,63363,64],{"class":63},[49,63365,9205],{"class":67},[49,63367,95],{"class":63},[49,63369,1197],{"class":85},[49,63371,9212],{"class":458},[49,63373,9215],{"class":85},[49,63375,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63377,2131],{"class":55},[49,63379,60],{"class":59},[49,63381,22469],{"class":2804},[49,63383,92],{"class":85},[49,63385,17218],{"class":88},[49,63387,103],{"class":85},[49,63389,63390],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,63391,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,63393,63394,63396,63398,63400],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,63395,110],{"class":109},[49,63397,92],{"class":85},[49,63399,2166],{"class":88},[49,63401,103],{"class":85},[20,63403,1974],{},[40,63405,63406],{"className":42,"code":25391,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,63407,63408],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63409,63410,63412,63414,63416,63418,63420,63422,63424,63426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63411,1256],{"class":85},[49,63413,1573],{"class":63},[49,63415,7575],{"class":67},[49,63417,1573],{"class":63},[49,63419,341],{"class":85},[49,63421,3202],{"class":63},[49,63423,9205],{"class":67},[49,63425,1573],{"class":63},[49,63427,1244],{"class":85},[20,63429,63430,63431,63433],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63432,24691],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63435,63436,63437,32],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[820,63438,63440],{"href":63439},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[181,63442,63444],{"id":63443},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63446,63447],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63449,61046],{},[194,63451,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462],{},[197,63453,5207],{},[197,63455,5210],{},[197,63457,5216],{},[197,63459,5213],{},[197,63461,62887],{},[197,63463,7157],{},[20,63465,63466],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[40,63468,63470],{"className":42,"code":63469,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63471,63472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63473,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63487,63489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63475,110],{"class":109},[49,63477,92],{"class":85},[49,63479,8002],{"class":2804},[49,63481,92],{"class":85},[49,63483,95],{"class":63},[49,63485,63486],{"class":67},"hi",[49,63488,95],{"class":63},[49,63490,1581],{"class":85},[20,63492,1974],{},[40,63494,63496],{"className":42,"code":63495,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63497,63498],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63499,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510,63512,63514,63516],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63501,1256],{"class":85},[49,63503,1573],{"class":63},[49,63505,1391],{"class":67},[49,63507,1573],{"class":63},[49,63509,341],{"class":85},[49,63511,3202],{"class":63},[49,63513,36058],{"class":67},[49,63515,1573],{"class":63},[49,63517,1244],{"class":85},[20,63519,63520],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[40,63522,63524],{"className":42,"code":63523,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63525,63526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63527,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63529,110],{"class":109},[49,63531,92],{"class":85},[49,63533,8002],{"class":2804},[49,63535,92],{"class":85},[49,63537,2040],{"class":458},[49,63539,1581],{"class":85},[20,63541,1974],{},[40,63543,63545],{"className":42,"code":63544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63546,63547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63548,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557,63559,63561,63563,63565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63550,2909],{"class":2804},[49,63552,1197],{"class":85},[49,63554,3202],{"class":63},[49,63556,2090],{"class":67},[49,63558,1573],{"class":63},[49,63560,24527],{"class":2804},[49,63562,8005],{"class":59},[49,63564,8008],{"class":59},[49,63566,63567],{"class":55}," iterable\n",[20,63569,63570,63571,63573,63574,32],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[820,63572,5044],{"href":5493},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[820,63575,63576],{"href":52498},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[181,63578,63580],{"id":63579},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63582,63583,63584,63587],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63585,63586],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[40,63589,63591],{"className":42,"code":63590,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63592,63593,63613,63627,63631,63641,63651],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63594,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63596,11993],{"class":55},[49,63598,60],{"class":59},[49,63600,3530],{"class":85},[49,63602,1223],{"class":458},[49,63604,341],{"class":85},[49,63606,2896],{"class":458},[49,63608,341],{"class":85},[49,63610,2354],{"class":458},[49,63612,1244],{"class":85},[49,63614,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63616,14221],{"class":55},[49,63618,60],{"class":59},[49,63620,22469],{"class":2804},[49,63622,92],{"class":85},[49,63624,12040],{"class":88},[49,63626,103],{"class":85},[49,63628,63629],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,63630,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,63632,63633,63635,63637,63639],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,63634,110],{"class":109},[49,63636,92],{"class":85},[49,63638,12040],{"class":88},[49,63640,103],{"class":85},[49,63642,63643,63645,63647,63649],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,63644,110],{"class":109},[49,63646,92],{"class":85},[49,63648,14240],{"class":88},[49,63650,103],{"class":85},[49,63652,63653,63655,63657,63659,63661,63663],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,63654,110],{"class":109},[49,63656,92],{"class":85},[49,63658,11993],{"class":88},[49,63660,12101],{"class":1210},[49,63662,14294],{"class":88},[49,63664,103],{"class":85},[20,63666,1974],{},[40,63668,63670],{"className":42,"code":63669,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63671,63672,63688,63704],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63673,63674,63676,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63675,1256],{"class":85},[49,63677,1223],{"class":458},[49,63679,341],{"class":85},[49,63681,2896],{"class":458},[49,63683,341],{"class":85},[49,63685,2354],{"class":458},[49,63687,1244],{"class":85},[49,63689,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63691,1256],{"class":85},[49,63693,1223],{"class":458},[49,63695,341],{"class":85},[49,63697,2896],{"class":458},[49,63699,341],{"class":85},[49,63701,2354],{"class":458},[49,63703,1244],{"class":85},[49,63705,63706],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,63707,3946],{"class":3757},[20,63709,63710,63711,63713],{},"This means ",[15,63712,14240],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63715,63716,63717,63719],{},"However, this is only a ",[666,63718,12758],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[40,63721,63723],{"className":42,"code":63722,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63724,63725,63751,63765,63769,63787,63791,63801],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63726,63727,63729,63731,63733,63735,63737,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63749],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63728,11993],{"class":55},[49,63730,60],{"class":59},[49,63732,56191],{"class":85},[49,63734,1223],{"class":458},[49,63736,341],{"class":85},[49,63738,2896],{"class":458},[49,63740,17972],{"class":85},[49,63742,3530],{"class":85},[49,63744,1965],{"class":458},[49,63746,341],{"class":85},[49,63748,808],{"class":458},[49,63750,53140],{"class":85},[49,63752,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63754,14221],{"class":55},[49,63756,60],{"class":59},[49,63758,22469],{"class":2804},[49,63760,92],{"class":85},[49,63762,12040],{"class":88},[49,63764,103],{"class":85},[49,63766,63767],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,63768,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,63770,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,63772,14240],{"class":55},[49,63774,1256],{"class":85},[49,63776,516],{"class":458},[49,63778,13459],{"class":85},[49,63780,13462],{"class":88},[49,63782,92],{"class":85},[49,63784,56244],{"class":458},[49,63786,103],{"class":85},[49,63788,63789],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,63790,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,63792,63793,63795,63797,63799],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,63794,110],{"class":109},[49,63796,92],{"class":85},[49,63798,12040],{"class":88},[49,63800,103],{"class":85},[49,63802,63803,63805,63807,63809],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,63804,110],{"class":109},[49,63806,92],{"class":85},[49,63808,14240],{"class":88},[49,63810,103],{"class":85},[20,63812,1974],{},[40,63814,63815],{"className":42,"code":56275,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,63816,63817,63843],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63818,63819,63821,63823,63825,63827,63829,63831,63833,63835,63837,63839,63841],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63820,56282],{"class":85},[49,63822,1223],{"class":458},[49,63824,341],{"class":85},[49,63826,2896],{"class":458},[49,63828,341],{"class":85},[49,63830,10104],{"class":458},[49,63832,17972],{"class":85},[49,63834,3530],{"class":85},[49,63836,1965],{"class":458},[49,63838,341],{"class":85},[49,63840,808],{"class":458},[49,63842,53140],{"class":85},[49,63844,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63846,56282],{"class":85},[49,63848,1223],{"class":458},[49,63850,341],{"class":85},[49,63852,2896],{"class":458},[49,63854,341],{"class":85},[49,63856,10104],{"class":458},[49,63858,17972],{"class":85},[49,63860,3530],{"class":85},[49,63862,1965],{"class":458},[49,63864,341],{"class":85},[49,63866,808],{"class":458},[49,63868,53140],{"class":85},[20,63870,63871],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63873,63874,63875,32],{},"For more on this, see ",[820,63876,13700],{"href":13699},[181,63878,63880],{"id":63879},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63882,63883,63884,32],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63885,24691],{},[353,63887,63889],{"id":63888},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[40,63891,63893],{"className":42,"code":63892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63894,63895,63935],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63896,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921,63923,63925,63927,63929,63931,63933],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63898,12771],{"class":55},[49,63900,60],{"class":59},[49,63902,10398],{"class":85},[49,63904,95],{"class":63},[49,63906,7575],{"class":67},[49,63908,95],{"class":63},[49,63910,1197],{"class":85},[49,63912,64],{"class":63},[49,63914,7830],{"class":67},[49,63916,95],{"class":63},[49,63918,341],{"class":85},[49,63920,64],{"class":63},[49,63922,19802],{"class":67},[49,63924,95],{"class":63},[49,63926,1197],{"class":85},[49,63928,64],{"class":63},[49,63930,22154],{"class":67},[49,63932,95],{"class":63},[49,63934,9215],{"class":85},[49,63936,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,63938,110],{"class":109},[49,63940,92],{"class":85},[49,63942,8002],{"class":2804},[49,63944,92],{"class":85},[49,63946,13535],{"class":88},[49,63948,1581],{"class":85},[20,63950,1974],{},[40,63952,63954],{"className":42,"code":63953,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63955,63956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63957,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970,63972,63974],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63959,1256],{"class":85},[49,63961,1573],{"class":63},[49,63963,7575],{"class":67},[49,63965,1573],{"class":63},[49,63967,341],{"class":85},[49,63969,3202],{"class":63},[49,63971,19802],{"class":67},[49,63973,1573],{"class":63},[49,63975,1244],{"class":85},[353,63977,63979],{"id":63978},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[40,63981,63983],{"className":42,"code":63982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63984,63985,64025],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,63986,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005,64007,64009,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,63988,12771],{"class":55},[49,63990,60],{"class":59},[49,63992,10398],{"class":85},[49,63994,95],{"class":63},[49,63996,7575],{"class":67},[49,63998,95],{"class":63},[49,64000,1197],{"class":85},[49,64002,64],{"class":63},[49,64004,7830],{"class":67},[49,64006,95],{"class":63},[49,64008,341],{"class":85},[49,64010,64],{"class":63},[49,64012,19802],{"class":67},[49,64014,95],{"class":63},[49,64016,1197],{"class":85},[49,64018,64],{"class":63},[49,64020,22154],{"class":67},[49,64022,95],{"class":63},[49,64024,9215],{"class":85},[49,64026,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,64028,110],{"class":109},[49,64030,92],{"class":85},[49,64032,8002],{"class":2804},[49,64034,92],{"class":85},[49,64036,13535],{"class":88},[49,64038,32],{"class":85},[49,64040,5266],{"class":88},[49,64042,6197],{"class":85},[20,64044,1974],{},[40,64046,64048],{"className":42,"code":64047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64049,64050],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64051,64052,64054,64056,64058,64060,64062,64064,64066,64068],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64053,1256],{"class":85},[49,64055,1573],{"class":63},[49,64057,7830],{"class":67},[49,64059,1573],{"class":63},[49,64061,341],{"class":85},[49,64063,3202],{"class":63},[49,64065,22154],{"class":67},[49,64067,1573],{"class":63},[49,64069,1244],{"class":85},[353,64071,64073],{"id":64072},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[40,64075,64077],{"className":42,"code":64076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64078,64079,64119],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64080,64081,64083,64085,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115,64117],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64082,12771],{"class":55},[49,64084,60],{"class":59},[49,64086,10398],{"class":85},[49,64088,95],{"class":63},[49,64090,7575],{"class":67},[49,64092,95],{"class":63},[49,64094,1197],{"class":85},[49,64096,64],{"class":63},[49,64098,7830],{"class":67},[49,64100,95],{"class":63},[49,64102,341],{"class":85},[49,64104,64],{"class":63},[49,64106,19802],{"class":67},[49,64108,95],{"class":63},[49,64110,1197],{"class":85},[49,64112,64],{"class":63},[49,64114,22154],{"class":67},[49,64116,95],{"class":63},[49,64118,9215],{"class":85},[49,64120,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129,64131,64133,64135],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,64122,110],{"class":109},[49,64124,92],{"class":85},[49,64126,8002],{"class":2804},[49,64128,92],{"class":85},[49,64130,13535],{"class":88},[49,64132,32],{"class":85},[49,64134,7718],{"class":88},[49,64136,6197],{"class":85},[20,64138,1974],{},[40,64140,64142],{"className":42,"code":64141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64143,64144],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64145,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158,64160,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64147,21650],{"class":85},[49,64149,1573],{"class":63},[49,64151,7575],{"class":67},[49,64153,1573],{"class":63},[49,64155,341],{"class":85},[49,64157,3202],{"class":63},[49,64159,7830],{"class":67},[49,64161,1573],{"class":63},[49,64163,9139],{"class":85},[49,64165,9142],{"class":85},[49,64167,1573],{"class":63},[49,64169,19802],{"class":67},[49,64171,1573],{"class":63},[49,64173,341],{"class":85},[49,64175,3202],{"class":63},[49,64177,22154],{"class":67},[49,64179,1573],{"class":63},[49,64181,9155],{"class":85},[20,64183,64184],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[181,64186,64188],{"id":64187},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64190,35,64191,10508],{},[15,64192,24691],{},[194,64194,64195,64203,64212],{},[197,64196,64197,64198,634,64200],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64199,52551],{},[15,64201,64202],{},"sort()",[197,64204,64205,64206,634,64208,64211],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64207,36102],{},[15,64209,64210],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[197,64213,64214],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64216,45939,64217,1197],{},[15,64218,64210],{},[40,64220,64222],{"className":42,"code":64221,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64223,64224,64248,64264,64268,64291],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64225,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242,64244,64246],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64227,4902],{"class":55},[49,64229,60],{"class":59},[49,64231,3530],{"class":85},[49,64233,95],{"class":63},[49,64235,12788],{"class":67},[49,64237,95],{"class":63},[49,64239,341],{"class":85},[49,64241,64],{"class":63},[49,64243,35846],{"class":67},[49,64245,95],{"class":63},[49,64247,1244],{"class":85},[49,64249,64250,64252,64254,64256,64258,64260,64262],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,64251,4971],{"class":55},[49,64253,60],{"class":59},[49,64255,3530],{"class":85},[49,64257,13411],{"class":458},[49,64259,341],{"class":85},[49,64261,13416],{"class":458},[49,64263,1244],{"class":85},[49,64265,64266],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,64267,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,64269,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,64271,9121],{"class":55},[49,64273,60],{"class":59},[49,64275,22469],{"class":2804},[49,64277,92],{"class":85},[49,64279,64280],{"class":109},"zip",[49,64282,92],{"class":85},[49,64284,4946],{"class":88},[49,64286,341],{"class":85},[49,64288,5018],{"class":88},[49,64290,1581],{"class":85},[49,64292,64293,64295,64297,64299],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,64294,110],{"class":109},[49,64296,92],{"class":85},[49,64298,9168],{"class":88},[49,64300,103],{"class":85},[20,64302,1974],{},[40,64304,64306],{"className":42,"code":64305,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64307,64308],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64309,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318,64320,64322,64324,64326,64328,64330,64332,64334,64336],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64311,21650],{"class":85},[49,64313,1573],{"class":63},[49,64315,12788],{"class":67},[49,64317,1573],{"class":63},[49,64319,341],{"class":85},[49,64321,19809],{"class":458},[49,64323,9139],{"class":85},[49,64325,9142],{"class":85},[49,64327,1573],{"class":63},[49,64329,35846],{"class":67},[49,64331,1573],{"class":63},[49,64333,341],{"class":85},[49,64335,13416],{"class":458},[49,64337,9155],{"class":85},[20,64339,64340,64341,64343,64344,32],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64342,52551],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[820,64345,52947],{"href":52946},[181,64347,4425],{"id":4424},[20,64349,56673,64350,32],{},[15,64351,24691],{},[353,64353,64355],{"id":64354},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64357,4432],{},[40,64359,64361],{"className":42,"code":64360,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64362,64363,64367],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64364,64365],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64366,4442],{"class":121},[49,64368,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377,64379,64381,64383],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,64370,8002],{"class":2804},[49,64372,92],{"class":85},[49,64374,1223],{"class":458},[49,64376,341],{"class":85},[49,64378,2896],{"class":458},[49,64380,341],{"class":85},[49,64382,2354],{"class":458},[49,64384,103],{"class":85},[20,64386,64387,64389],{},[15,64388,24691],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64391,18605],{},[40,64393,64395],{"className":42,"code":64394,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64396,64397],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64398,64399,64401,64403,64405,64407,64409,64411,64413,64415,64417],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64400,110],{"class":109},[49,64402,92],{"class":85},[49,64404,8002],{"class":2804},[49,64406,5417],{"class":85},[49,64408,1223],{"class":458},[49,64410,341],{"class":85},[49,64412,2896],{"class":458},[49,64414,341],{"class":85},[49,64416,2354],{"class":458},[49,64418,2815],{"class":85},[353,64420,64422,64423],{"id":64421},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[49,64424,849],{},[20,64426,64427],{},"This is a common surprise:",[40,64429,64431],{"className":42,"code":64430,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64432,64433],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64434,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447,64449],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64436,110],{"class":109},[49,64438,92],{"class":85},[49,64440,8002],{"class":2804},[49,64442,92],{"class":85},[49,64444,95],{"class":63},[49,64446,917],{"class":67},[49,64448,95],{"class":63},[49,64450,1581],{"class":85},[20,64452,1974],{},[40,64454,64456],{"className":42,"code":64455,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64457,64458],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64459,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64461,1256],{"class":85},[49,64463,1573],{"class":63},[49,64465,1391],{"class":67},[49,64467,1573],{"class":63},[49,64469,341],{"class":85},[49,64471,3202],{"class":63},[49,64473,60341],{"class":67},[49,64475,1573],{"class":63},[49,64477,341],{"class":85},[49,64479,3202],{"class":63},[49,64481,60350],{"class":67},[49,64483,1573],{"class":63},[49,64485,341],{"class":85},[49,64487,3202],{"class":63},[49,64489,60350],{"class":67},[49,64491,1573],{"class":63},[49,64493,341],{"class":85},[49,64495,3202],{"class":63},[49,64497,426],{"class":67},[49,64499,1573],{"class":63},[49,64501,1244],{"class":85},[20,64503,64504],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64506,64507],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[40,64509,64511],{"className":42,"code":64510,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64512,64513],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64514,64515,64517,64519,64521,64523,64525],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64516,110],{"class":109},[49,64518,2889],{"class":85},[49,64520,95],{"class":63},[49,64522,917],{"class":67},[49,64524,95],{"class":63},[49,64526,3794],{"class":85},[353,64528,64530],{"id":64529},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64532,64533],{},"This:",[40,64535,64537],{"className":42,"code":64536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64538,64539,64571],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64540,64541,64543,64545,64547,64549,64551,64553,64555,64557,64559,64561,64563,64565,64567,64569],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64542,9071],{"class":55},[49,64544,60],{"class":59},[49,64546,10398],{"class":85},[49,64548,95],{"class":63},[49,64550,820],{"class":67},[49,64552,95],{"class":63},[49,64554,1197],{"class":85},[49,64556,1264],{"class":458},[49,64558,341],{"class":85},[49,64560,64],{"class":63},[49,64562,4667],{"class":67},[49,64564,95],{"class":63},[49,64566,1197],{"class":85},[49,64568,2896],{"class":458},[49,64570,9215],{"class":85},[49,64572,64573,64575,64577,64579,64581,64583],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,64574,110],{"class":109},[49,64576,92],{"class":85},[49,64578,8002],{"class":2804},[49,64580,92],{"class":85},[49,64582,9110],{"class":88},[49,64584,1581],{"class":85},[20,64586,64587],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64589,35,64590,64593],{},[15,64591,64592],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[353,64595,64597],{"id":64596},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64599,64600,64602],{},[15,64601,24691],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64604,64605],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[181,64607,1704],{"id":1703},[353,64609,1740,64611,64613],{"id":64610},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[49,64612],{}," and list()?",[20,64615,64616,64617,64619,64620,64622],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64618,3693],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64621,24691],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[353,64624,64626],{"id":64625},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64628,64629,64630,64632],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64631,24691],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[353,64634,64636],{"id":64635},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64638,64639],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[353,64641,64643],{"id":64642},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64645,64646],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[353,64648,64650],{"id":64649},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64652,64653,64654,64656],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64655,24691],{}," cannot loop through it.",[181,64658,1775],{"id":1774},[194,64660,64661,64665,64670,64674,64678,64682,64686,64691],{},[197,64662,64663],{},[820,64664,52669],{"href":50879},[197,64666,64667],{},[820,64668,64669],{"href":36099},"Python range() function explained",[197,64671,64672],{},[820,64673,63108],{"href":63107},[197,64675,64676],{},[820,64677,63440],{"href":63439},[197,64679,64680],{},[820,64681,5123],{"href":5493},[197,64683,64684],{},[820,64685,13700],{"href":13699},[197,64687,64688],{},[820,64689,64690],{"href":52498},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[197,64692,64693],{},[820,64694,54176],{"href":52946},[1834,64696,64697],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":64699},[64700,64701,64702,64703,64704,64711,64712,64713,64718,64719,64726,64734],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":62810,"depth":74,"text":62811},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":59515,"depth":74,"text":59516},{"id":63038,"depth":74,"text":63039,"children":64705},[64706,64707,64708,64709,64710],{"id":63042,"depth":106,"text":63043},{"id":63111,"depth":106,"text":63112},{"id":63189,"depth":106,"text":63190},{"id":63264,"depth":106,"text":63265},{"id":63331,"depth":106,"text":63332},{"id":63443,"depth":74,"text":63444},{"id":63579,"depth":74,"text":63580},{"id":63879,"depth":74,"text":63880,"children":64714},[64715,64716,64717],{"id":63888,"depth":106,"text":63889},{"id":63978,"depth":106,"text":63979},{"id":64072,"depth":106,"text":64073},{"id":64187,"depth":74,"text":64188},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":64720},[64721,64722,64724,64725],{"id":64354,"depth":106,"text":64355},{"id":64421,"depth":106,"text":64723},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64529,"depth":106,"text":64530},{"id":64596,"depth":106,"text":64597},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":64727},[64728,64730,64731,64732,64733],{"id":64610,"depth":106,"text":64729},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64625,"depth":106,"text":64626},{"id":64635,"depth":106,"text":64636},{"id":64642,"depth":106,"text":64643},{"id":64649,"depth":106,"text":64650},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62644,"description":64735},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64742,"title":64743,"body":64744,"description":66087,"extension":1866,"meta":66088,"navigation":128,"path":66089,"seo":66090,"stem":66091,"__hash__":66092},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64745,"toc":66062},[64746,64751,64757,64766,64768,64839,64848,64853,64857,64873,64877,64879,64881,64900,64903,64930,64933,64957,64965,64967,64972,64979,64981,65038,65040,65048,65054,65058,65061,65134,65136,65144,65147,65170,65177,65183,65187,65193,65264,65266,65274,65283,65290,65296,65304,65448,65450,65467,65470,65509,65512,65516,65521,65523,65582,65588,65591,65698,65700,65715,65718,65725,65727,65731,65878,65881,65942,65945,65948,65969,65974,65978,65989,65992,65994,65999,66002,66010,66015,66021,66024,66030,66037,66039,66059],[10,64747,54240,64749,18],{"id":64748},"python-list-index-method",[15,64750,986],{},[20,64752,64753,64756],{},[15,64754,64755],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64758,64759,64760,64763,64764,32],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[666,64761,64762],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64765,1010],{},[181,64767,3515],{"id":3514},[40,64769,64771],{"className":42,"code":64770,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64772,64773,64805,64827],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64774,64775,64777,64779,64781,64783,64785,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64776,7687],{"class":55},[49,64778,60],{"class":59},[49,64780,3530],{"class":85},[49,64782,95],{"class":63},[49,64784,3985],{"class":67},[49,64786,95],{"class":63},[49,64788,341],{"class":85},[49,64790,64],{"class":63},[49,64792,230],{"class":67},[49,64794,95],{"class":63},[49,64796,341],{"class":85},[49,64798,64],{"class":63},[49,64800,4002],{"class":67},[49,64802,95],{"class":63},[49,64804,1244],{"class":85},[49,64806,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,64808,77],{"class":55},[49,64810,60],{"class":59},[49,64812,5873],{"class":55},[49,64814,32],{"class":85},[49,64816,1100],{"class":88},[49,64818,92],{"class":85},[49,64820,95],{"class":63},[49,64822,230],{"class":67},[49,64824,95],{"class":63},[49,64826,103],{"class":85},[49,64828,64829,64831,64833,64835,64837],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,64830,110],{"class":109},[49,64832,92],{"class":85},[49,64834,115],{"class":88},[49,64836,118],{"class":85},[49,64838,27685],{"class":121},[20,64840,35,64841,64844,64845,64847],{},[15,64842,64843],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64846,1010],{}," if the item is not found.",[181,64849,184,64851,187],{"id":64850},"what-listindex-does",[15,64852,64755],{},[20,64854,64855,1197],{},[15,64856,64755],{},[194,64858,64859,64862,64865,64870],{},[197,64860,64861],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[197,64863,64864],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[197,64866,64867,64868],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64869,516],{},[197,64871,64872],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64874,54465,64875,32],{},[820,64876,52669],{"href":54468},[181,64878,316],{"id":315},[20,64880,30631],{},[40,64882,64884],{"className":42,"code":64883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64885,64886],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64887,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64889,8248],{"class":55},[49,64891,32],{"class":85},[49,64893,1100],{"class":88},[49,64895,92],{"class":85},[49,64897,338],{"class":88},[49,64899,103],{"class":85},[20,64901,64902],{},"You can also limit the search:",[40,64904,64906],{"className":42,"code":64905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64907,64908],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64909,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64911,8248],{"class":55},[49,64913,32],{"class":85},[49,64915,1100],{"class":88},[49,64917,92],{"class":85},[49,64919,338],{"class":88},[49,64921,341],{"class":85},[49,64923,344],{"class":88},[49,64925,341],{"class":85},[49,64927,349],{"class":88},[49,64929,103],{"class":85},[20,64931,64932],{},"Here is what each part means:",[194,64934,64935,64940,64945,64950],{},[197,64936,64937,64939],{},[15,64938,338],{},": the item to search for",[197,64941,64942,64944],{},[15,64943,368],{},": where the search begins",[197,64946,64947,64949],{},[15,64948,374],{},": where the search stops",[197,64951,64952,4690,64954,64956],{},[15,64953,374],{},[666,64955,668],{}," in the search range",[20,64958,64959,64960,64962,64963,32],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64961,368],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64964,374],{},[181,64966,502],{"id":501},[20,64968,64969,64971],{},[15,64970,64755],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64973,64974,64975,64978],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[666,64976,64977],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64980,214],{},[40,64982,64984],{"className":42,"code":64983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64985,64986,65006,65024,65028],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,64987,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,64989,3525],{"class":55},[49,64991,60],{"class":59},[49,64993,3530],{"class":85},[49,64995,2233],{"class":458},[49,64997,341],{"class":85},[49,64999,7698],{"class":458},[49,65001,341],{"class":85},[49,65003,7703],{"class":458},[49,65005,1244],{"class":85},[49,65007,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,65009,2131],{"class":55},[49,65011,60],{"class":59},[49,65013,4169],{"class":55},[49,65015,32],{"class":85},[49,65017,1100],{"class":88},[49,65019,92],{"class":85},[49,65021,15665],{"class":458},[49,65023,103],{"class":85},[49,65025,65026],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,65027,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,65029,65030,65032,65034,65036],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,65031,110],{"class":109},[49,65033,92],{"class":85},[49,65035,2166],{"class":88},[49,65037,103],{"class":85},[20,65039,1974],{},[40,65041,65042],{"className":42,"code":46816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,65043,65044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65045,65046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65047,46816],{"class":458},[20,65049,65050,65051,65053],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65052,986],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[181,65055,65057],{"id":65056},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65059,65060],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[40,65062,65064],{"className":42,"code":65063,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65065,65066,65098,65120,65124],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65067,65068,65070,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65069,36143],{"class":55},[49,65071,60],{"class":59},[49,65073,3530],{"class":85},[49,65075,95],{"class":63},[49,65077,3985],{"class":67},[49,65079,95],{"class":63},[49,65081,341],{"class":85},[49,65083,64],{"class":63},[49,65085,230],{"class":67},[49,65087,95],{"class":63},[49,65089,341],{"class":85},[49,65091,64],{"class":63},[49,65093,4002],{"class":67},[49,65095,95],{"class":63},[49,65097,1244],{"class":85},[49,65099,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,65101,77],{"class":55},[49,65103,60],{"class":59},[49,65105,52749],{"class":55},[49,65107,32],{"class":85},[49,65109,1100],{"class":88},[49,65111,92],{"class":85},[49,65113,95],{"class":63},[49,65115,4002],{"class":67},[49,65117,95],{"class":63},[49,65119,103],{"class":85},[49,65121,65122],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,65123,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,65125,65126,65128,65130,65132],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,65127,110],{"class":109},[49,65129,92],{"class":85},[49,65131,115],{"class":88},[49,65133,103],{"class":85},[20,65135,1974],{},[40,65137,65138],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,65139,65140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65141,65142],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65143,16968],{"class":458},[20,65145,65146],{},"In this list:",[194,65148,65149,65156,65163],{},[197,65150,65151,65153,65154],{},[15,65152,57729],{}," is at index ",[15,65155,516],{},[197,65157,65158,65153,65161],{},[15,65159,65160],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65162,1223],{},[197,65164,65165,65153,65168],{},[15,65166,65167],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65169,312],{},[20,65171,53551,65172,1000,65175,32],{},[15,65173,65174],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65176,312],{},[20,65178,51442,65179,32],{},[820,65180,65182],{"href":65181},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[181,65184,65186],{"id":65185},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65188,65189,65190,65192],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65191,986],{}," returns the first match only.",[40,65194,65196],{"className":42,"code":65195,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65197,65198,65238,65242],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65199,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212,65214,65216,65218,65220,65222,65224,65226,65228,65230,65232,65234,65236],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65201,12984],{"class":55},[49,65203,60],{"class":59},[49,65205,3530],{"class":85},[49,65207,95],{"class":63},[49,65209,13001],{"class":67},[49,65211,95],{"class":63},[49,65213,341],{"class":85},[49,65215,64],{"class":63},[49,65217,13018],{"class":67},[49,65219,95],{"class":63},[49,65221,341],{"class":85},[49,65223,64],{"class":63},[49,65225,13001],{"class":67},[49,65227,95],{"class":63},[49,65229,341],{"class":85},[49,65231,64],{"class":63},[49,65233,17365],{"class":67},[49,65235,95],{"class":63},[49,65237,1244],{"class":85},[49,65239,65240],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,65241,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,65243,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,65245,110],{"class":109},[49,65247,92],{"class":85},[49,65249,17412],{"class":88},[49,65251,32],{"class":85},[49,65253,1100],{"class":88},[49,65255,92],{"class":85},[49,65257,95],{"class":63},[49,65259,13001],{"class":67},[49,65261,95],{"class":63},[49,65263,1581],{"class":85},[20,65265,1974],{},[40,65267,65268],{"className":42,"code":47151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,65269,65270],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65271,65272],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65273,47151],{"class":458},[20,65275,20887,65276,65279,65280,65282],{},[15,65277,65278],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65281,516],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65284,65285,65286,32],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[820,65287,55417,65288,1785],{"href":58922},[15,65289,57188],{},[181,65291,644,65292,380,65294],{"id":643},[15,65293,368],{},[15,65295,374],{},[20,65297,65298,65299,380,65301,65303],{},"The optional ",[15,65300,368],{},[15,65302,374],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[40,65305,65307],{"className":42,"code":65306,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65308,65309,65357,65361,65386,65415],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65310,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65312,35994],{"class":55},[49,65314,60],{"class":59},[49,65316,3530],{"class":85},[49,65318,95],{"class":63},[49,65320,820],{"class":67},[49,65322,95],{"class":63},[49,65324,341],{"class":85},[49,65326,64],{"class":63},[49,65328,4667],{"class":67},[49,65330,95],{"class":63},[49,65332,341],{"class":85},[49,65334,64],{"class":63},[49,65336,9646],{"class":67},[49,65338,95],{"class":63},[49,65340,341],{"class":85},[49,65342,64],{"class":63},[49,65344,4667],{"class":67},[49,65346,95],{"class":63},[49,65348,341],{"class":85},[49,65350,64],{"class":63},[49,65352,18678],{"class":67},[49,65354,95],{"class":63},[49,65356,1244],{"class":85},[49,65358,65359],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,65360,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,65362,65363,65365,65367,65369,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,65364,110],{"class":109},[49,65366,92],{"class":85},[49,65368,36047],{"class":88},[49,65370,32],{"class":85},[49,65372,1100],{"class":88},[49,65374,92],{"class":85},[49,65376,95],{"class":63},[49,65378,4667],{"class":67},[49,65380,95],{"class":63},[49,65382,261],{"class":85},[49,65384,65385],{"class":121},"        # first match\n",[49,65387,65388,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,65389,110],{"class":109},[49,65391,92],{"class":85},[49,65393,36047],{"class":88},[49,65395,32],{"class":85},[49,65397,1100],{"class":88},[49,65399,92],{"class":85},[49,65401,95],{"class":63},[49,65403,4667],{"class":67},[49,65405,95],{"class":63},[49,65407,341],{"class":85},[49,65409,2896],{"class":458},[49,65411,261],{"class":85},[49,65413,65414],{"class":121},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[49,65416,65417,65419,65421,65423,65425,65427,65429,65431,65433,65435,65437,65439,65441,65443,65445],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,65418,110],{"class":109},[49,65420,92],{"class":85},[49,65422,36047],{"class":88},[49,65424,32],{"class":85},[49,65426,1100],{"class":88},[49,65428,92],{"class":85},[49,65430,95],{"class":63},[49,65432,4667],{"class":67},[49,65434,95],{"class":63},[49,65436,341],{"class":85},[49,65438,1264],{"class":458},[49,65440,341],{"class":85},[49,65442,808],{"class":458},[49,65444,261],{"class":85},[49,65446,65447],{"class":121},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65449,1974],{},[40,65451,65453],{"className":42,"code":65452,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65454,65455,65459,65463],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65456,65457],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65458,46816],{"class":458},[49,65460,65461],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,65462,46516],{"class":458},[49,65464,65465],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,65466,46816],{"class":458},[20,65468,65469],{},"How this works:",[194,65471,65472,65484,65497],{},[197,65473,65474,65477,65478,65481,65482],{},[15,65475,65476],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65479,65480],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65483,1223],{},[197,65485,65486,65489,65490,65492,65493,65481,65495],{},[15,65487,65488],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65491,312],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65494,65480],{},[15,65496,1965],{},[197,65498,65499,65502,65503,2091,65505,1455,65507],{},[15,65500,65501],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65504,1223],{},[15,65506,312],{},[15,65508,1965],{},[20,65510,65511],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[181,65513,65515],{"id":65514},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65517,65518,65519,32],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65520,1010],{},[20,65522,214],{},[40,65524,65526],{"className":42,"code":65525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65527,65528,65560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65529,65530,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542,65544,65546,65548,65550,65552,65554,65556,65558],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65531,7687],{"class":55},[49,65533,60],{"class":59},[49,65535,3530],{"class":85},[49,65537,95],{"class":63},[49,65539,3985],{"class":67},[49,65541,95],{"class":63},[49,65543,341],{"class":85},[49,65545,64],{"class":63},[49,65547,230],{"class":67},[49,65549,95],{"class":63},[49,65551,341],{"class":85},[49,65553,64],{"class":63},[49,65555,4002],{"class":67},[49,65557,95],{"class":63},[49,65559,1244],{"class":85},[49,65561,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574,65576,65578,65580],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,65563,110],{"class":109},[49,65565,92],{"class":85},[49,65567,7718],{"class":88},[49,65569,32],{"class":85},[49,65571,1100],{"class":88},[49,65573,92],{"class":85},[49,65575,95],{"class":63},[49,65577,33128],{"class":67},[49,65579,95],{"class":63},[49,65581,1581],{"class":85},[20,65583,39556,65584,65587],{},[15,65585,65586],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65589,65590],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[40,65592,65594],{"className":42,"code":65593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65595,65596,65628,65641,65645,65658,65677,65683],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65597,65598,65600,65602,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65599,7687],{"class":55},[49,65601,60],{"class":59},[49,65603,3530],{"class":85},[49,65605,95],{"class":63},[49,65607,3985],{"class":67},[49,65609,95],{"class":63},[49,65611,341],{"class":85},[49,65613,64],{"class":63},[49,65615,230],{"class":67},[49,65617,95],{"class":63},[49,65619,341],{"class":85},[49,65621,64],{"class":63},[49,65623,4002],{"class":67},[49,65625,95],{"class":63},[49,65627,1244],{"class":85},[49,65629,65630,65633,65635,65637,65639],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,65631,65632],{"class":55},"search_value ",[49,65634,60],{"class":59},[49,65636,64],{"class":63},[49,65638,33128],{"class":67},[49,65640,71],{"class":63},[49,65642,65643],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,65644,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,65646,65647,65649,65652,65654,65656],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,65648,1211],{"class":1210},[49,65650,65651],{"class":55}," search_value ",[49,65653,3788],{"class":59},[49,65655,5873],{"class":55},[49,65657,1226],{"class":85},[49,65659,65660,65662,65664,65666,65668,65670,65672,65675],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,65661,1273],{"class":109},[49,65663,92],{"class":85},[49,65665,7718],{"class":88},[49,65667,32],{"class":85},[49,65669,1100],{"class":88},[49,65671,92],{"class":85},[49,65673,65674],{"class":88},"search_value",[49,65676,1581],{"class":85},[49,65678,65679,65681],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,65680,1416],{"class":1210},[49,65682,1226],{"class":85},[49,65684,65685,65687,65689,65691,65694,65696],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,65686,1273],{"class":109},[49,65688,92],{"class":85},[49,65690,95],{"class":63},[49,65692,65693],{"class":67},"Item not found",[49,65695,95],{"class":63},[49,65697,103],{"class":85},[20,65699,1974],{},[40,65701,65703],{"className":42,"code":65702,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Item not found\n",[15,65704,65705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65706,65707,65710,65712],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65708,65709],{"class":55},"Item ",[49,65711,4536],{"class":59},[49,65713,65714],{"class":55}," found\n",[20,65716,65717],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65719,65720,65721,32],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[820,65722,65724],{"href":65723},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[181,65726,4425],{"id":4424},[20,65728,21121,65729,1197],{},[15,65730,64755],{},[194,65732,65733,65750,65762,65822],{},[197,65734,25684,65735,1000,65737,65739,65740,65742,65743,5068,65745,65747,65748,32],{},[15,65736,986],{},[15,65738,31],{}," if the item is missing",[9753,65741],{},"\nPython does ",[666,65744,4536],{},[15,65746,31],{},". It raises ",[15,65749,1010],{},[197,65751,65752,65753,65755,65758,65759,65761],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9753,65754],{},[15,65756,65757],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65760,65160],{},", not the value itself.",[197,65763,644,65764,10999,65767,65769,65771,65772,16567,65774,65797,16555,65799],{},[15,65765,65766],{},"index[]",[15,65768,986],{},[9753,65770],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9753,65773],{},[40,65775,65777],{"className":42,"code":65776,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65778,65779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65780,65781,65783,65785,65787,65789,65791,65793,65795],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65782,7718],{"class":55},[49,65784,32],{"class":85},[49,65786,1100],{"class":88},[49,65788,92],{"class":85},[49,65790,95],{"class":63},[49,65792,230],{"class":67},[49,65794,95],{"class":63},[49,65796,103],{"class":85},[9753,65798],{},[40,65800,65802],{"className":42,"code":65801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65803,65804],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65805,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65807,7718],{"class":55},[49,65809,32],{"class":85},[49,65811,1100],{"class":24660},[49,65813,1256],{"class":85},[49,65815,95],{"class":63},[49,65817,230],{"class":67},[49,65819,95],{"class":63},[49,65821,1244],{"class":85},[197,65823,65824,65825,65827,380,65830,65832,65833],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9753,65826],{},[15,65828,65829],{},"\"3\"",[15,65831,1965],{}," are different values in Python.",[40,65834,65836],{"className":42,"code":65835,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65837,65838,65858],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65839,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65841,3525],{"class":55},[49,65843,60],{"class":59},[49,65845,3530],{"class":85},[49,65847,1223],{"class":458},[49,65849,341],{"class":85},[49,65851,2896],{"class":458},[49,65853,341],{"class":85},[49,65855,2354],{"class":458},[49,65857,1244],{"class":85},[49,65859,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,65861,110],{"class":109},[49,65863,92],{"class":85},[49,65865,95],{"class":63},[49,65867,1965],{"class":67},[49,65869,95],{"class":63},[49,65871,21083],{"class":1210},[49,65873,4169],{"class":88},[49,65875,118],{"class":85},[49,65877,4678],{"class":121},[20,65879,65880],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[40,65882,65884],{"className":42,"code":65883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65885,65886,65896,65910,65924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,65887,65888,65890,65892,65894],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,65889,110],{"class":109},[49,65891,92],{"class":85},[49,65893,8248],{"class":88},[49,65895,103],{"class":85},[49,65897,65898,65900,65902,65904,65906,65908],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,65899,110],{"class":109},[49,65901,92],{"class":85},[49,65903,3127],{"class":2804},[49,65905,92],{"class":85},[49,65907,65674],{"class":88},[49,65909,1581],{"class":85},[49,65911,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65922],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,65913,110],{"class":109},[49,65915,92],{"class":85},[49,65917,65632],{"class":88},[49,65919,3788],{"class":1210},[49,65921,8304],{"class":88},[49,65923,103],{"class":85},[49,65925,65926,65928,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,65927,110],{"class":109},[49,65929,92],{"class":85},[49,65931,8248],{"class":88},[49,65933,32],{"class":85},[49,65935,1100],{"class":88},[49,65937,92],{"class":85},[49,65939,65674],{"class":88},[49,65941,1581],{"class":85},[20,65943,65944],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65946,65947],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[194,65949,65950,65953,65960,65966],{},[197,65951,65952],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[197,65954,65955,65956,10999,65958],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65957,65829],{},[15,65959,1965],{},[197,65961,65962,65963,65965],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65964,986],{}," returns only the first one",[197,65967,65968],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[181,65970,4868,65972],{"id":65971},"when-to-use-index",[15,65973,986],{},[20,65975,35,65976,10508],{},[15,65977,986],{},[194,65979,65980,65983,65986],{},[197,65981,65982],{},"You need the position of a known value",[197,65984,65985],{},"You are working with a small list",[197,65987,65988],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65990,65991],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[181,65993,1704],{"id":1703},[353,65995,5050,65997,5053],{"id":65996},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65998,64755],{},[20,66000,66001],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[353,66003,1720,66005,5068,66007,66009],{"id":66004},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66006,64755],{},[15,66008,31],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66011,66012,66013,6537],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66014,1010],{},[353,66016,5077,66018,66020],{"id":66017},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66019,64755],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66022,66023],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[353,66025,66027,66028,2394],{"id":66026},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66029,986],{},[20,66031,66032,66033,380,66035,1771],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66034,368],{},[15,66036,374],{},[181,66038,1775],{"id":1774},[194,66040,66041,66045,66049,66053],{},[197,66042,66043],{},[820,66044,58852],{"href":65181},[197,66046,66047],{},[820,66048,52669],{"href":54468},[197,66050,66051],{},[820,66052,65724],{"href":65723},[197,66054,66055],{},[820,66056,55417,66057,1785],{"href":58922},[15,66058,57188],{},[1834,66060,66061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":66063},[66064,66065,66067,66068,66069,66070,66071,66072,66073,66074,66076,66086],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":64850,"depth":74,"text":66066},"What list.index() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":501,"depth":74,"text":502},{"id":65056,"depth":74,"text":65057},{"id":65185,"depth":74,"text":65186},{"id":643,"depth":74,"text":1846},{"id":65514,"depth":74,"text":65515},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425},{"id":65971,"depth":74,"text":66075},"When to use index()",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":66077},[66078,66080,66082,66084],{"id":65996,"depth":106,"text":66079},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66004,"depth":106,"text":66081},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66017,"depth":106,"text":66083},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66026,"depth":106,"text":66085},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64743,"description":66087},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66094,"title":66095,"body":66096,"description":68038,"extension":1866,"meta":68039,"navigation":128,"path":68040,"seo":68041,"stem":68042,"__hash__":68043},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66097,"toc":67998},[66098,66103,66108,66111,66120,66177,66183,66188,66192,66206,66212,66214,66237,66254,66256,66317,66319,66351,66364,66366,66369,66469,66471,66549,66555,66559,66567,66571,66577,66632,66634,66658,66662,66665,66718,66720,66744,66748,66751,66804,66806,66830,66834,66840,66911,66913,66954,66960,66967,66970,66975,66983,66988,66996,66998,67095,67097,67166,67173,67178,67180,67184,67189,67191,67262,67264,67293,67299,67301,67328,67331,67354,67358,67361,67383,67386,67409,67411,67471,67473,67505,67511,67516,67569,67571,67596,67599,67648,67650,67671,67675,67680,67683,67738,67740,67767,67774,67778,67783,67854,67857,67871,67876,67881,67883,67897,67909,67914,67916,67921,67926,67930,67933,67939,67945,67952,67960,67962,67995],[10,66099,54240,66101,18],{"id":66100},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66102,54166],{},[20,66104,66105,66107],{},[15,66106,53809],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66109,66110],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66112,35,66113,66115,66116,32],{},[15,66114,54166],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[820,66117,55417,66118,1785],{"href":56666},[15,66119,52551],{},[40,66121,66123],{"className":42,"code":66122,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66124,66125,66145,66163,66173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66126,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139,66141,66143],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66128,3525],{"class":55},[49,66130,60],{"class":59},[49,66132,3530],{"class":85},[49,66134,1223],{"class":458},[49,66136,341],{"class":85},[49,66138,2896],{"class":458},[49,66140,341],{"class":85},[49,66142,808],{"class":458},[49,66144,1244],{"class":85},[49,66146,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,66148,3556],{"class":55},[49,66150,32],{"class":85},[49,66152,53849],{"class":88},[49,66154,92],{"class":85},[49,66156,312],{"class":458},[49,66158,341],{"class":85},[49,66160,2354],{"class":458},[49,66162,103],{"class":85},[49,66164,66165,66167,66169,66171],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,66166,110],{"class":109},[49,66168,92],{"class":85},[49,66170,3556],{"class":88},[49,66172,103],{"class":85},[49,66174,66175],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,66176,52621],{"class":121},[20,66178,35,66179,66182],{},[15,66180,66181],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[181,66184,184,66186,187],{"id":66185},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66187,53809],{},[20,66189,66190,1197],{},[15,66191,53809],{},[194,66193,66194,66197,66200,66202],{},[197,66195,66196],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[197,66198,66199],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[197,66201,54326],{},[197,66203,205,66204],{},[15,66205,3684],{},[20,66207,66208,66209,66211],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66210,54166],{}," does not create a new list.",[181,66213,5338],{"id":5337},[40,66215,66217],{"className":42,"code":66216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66218,66219],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66220,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66222,8248],{"class":55},[49,66224,32],{"class":85},[49,66226,53849],{"class":88},[49,66228,92],{"class":85},[49,66230,1100],{"class":88},[49,66232,341],{"class":85},[49,66234,29412],{"class":88},[49,66236,103],{"class":85},[194,66238,66239,66244,66249],{},[197,66240,66241,66243],{},[15,66242,1100],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[197,66245,66246,66248],{},[15,66247,23220],{}," is the value to add",[197,66250,66251,66252],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66253,516],{},[20,66255,214],{},[40,66257,66259],{"className":42,"code":66258,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66260,66261,66285,66307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66262,66263,66265,66267,66269,66271,66273,66275,66277,66279,66281,66283],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66264,35994],{"class":55},[49,66266,60],{"class":59},[49,66268,3530],{"class":85},[49,66270,95],{"class":63},[49,66272,820],{"class":67},[49,66274,95],{"class":63},[49,66276,341],{"class":85},[49,66278,64],{"class":63},[49,66280,9646],{"class":67},[49,66282,95],{"class":63},[49,66284,1244],{"class":85},[49,66286,66287,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303,66305],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,66288,36047],{"class":55},[49,66290,32],{"class":85},[49,66292,53849],{"class":88},[49,66294,92],{"class":85},[49,66296,1223],{"class":458},[49,66298,341],{"class":85},[49,66300,64],{"class":63},[49,66302,4667],{"class":67},[49,66304,95],{"class":63},[49,66306,103],{"class":85},[49,66308,66309,66311,66313,66315],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,66310,110],{"class":109},[49,66312,92],{"class":85},[49,66314,36047],{"class":88},[49,66316,103],{"class":85},[20,66318,1974],{},[40,66320,66321],{"className":42,"code":42775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66322,66323],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66324,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333,66335,66337,66339,66341,66343,66345,66347,66349],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66326,1256],{"class":85},[49,66328,1573],{"class":63},[49,66330,820],{"class":67},[49,66332,1573],{"class":63},[49,66334,341],{"class":85},[49,66336,3202],{"class":63},[49,66338,4667],{"class":67},[49,66340,1573],{"class":63},[49,66342,341],{"class":85},[49,66344,3202],{"class":63},[49,66346,9646],{"class":67},[49,66348,1573],{"class":63},[49,66350,1244],{"class":85},[20,66352,305,66353,66355,66356,66358,66359,380,66361,32],{},[15,66354,65480],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66357,1223],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66360,18006],{},[15,66362,66363],{},"\"c\"",[181,66365,5694],{"id":5693},[20,66367,66368],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[40,66370,66372],{"className":42,"code":66371,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66373,66374,66406,66424,66428,66450],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66375,66376,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392,66394,66396,66398,66400,66402,66404],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66377,12984],{"class":55},[49,66379,60],{"class":59},[49,66381,3530],{"class":85},[49,66383,95],{"class":63},[49,66385,13001],{"class":67},[49,66387,95],{"class":63},[49,66389,341],{"class":85},[49,66391,64],{"class":63},[49,66393,13018],{"class":67},[49,66395,95],{"class":63},[49,66397,341],{"class":85},[49,66399,64],{"class":63},[49,66401,17365],{"class":67},[49,66403,95],{"class":63},[49,66405,1244],{"class":85},[49,66407,66408,66410,66412,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,66409,110],{"class":109},[49,66411,92],{"class":85},[49,66413,95],{"class":63},[49,66415,11470],{"class":67},[49,66417,95],{"class":63},[49,66419,341],{"class":85},[49,66421,13032],{"class":88},[49,66423,103],{"class":85},[49,66425,66426],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,66427,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,66429,66430,66432,66434,66436,66438,66440,66442,66444,66446,66448],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,66431,17412],{"class":55},[49,66433,32],{"class":85},[49,66435,53849],{"class":88},[49,66437,92],{"class":85},[49,66439,1223],{"class":458},[49,66441,341],{"class":85},[49,66443,64],{"class":63},[49,66445,22433],{"class":67},[49,66447,95],{"class":63},[49,66449,103],{"class":85},[49,66451,66452,66454,66456,66458,66461,66463,66465,66467],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,66453,110],{"class":109},[49,66455,92],{"class":85},[49,66457,95],{"class":63},[49,66459,66460],{"class":67},"After: ",[49,66462,95],{"class":63},[49,66464,341],{"class":85},[49,66466,13032],{"class":88},[49,66468,103],{"class":85},[20,66470,1974],{},[40,66472,66474],{"className":42,"code":66473,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66475,66476,66508],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66477,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66479,11530],{"class":55},[49,66481,1197],{"class":85},[49,66483,3530],{"class":85},[49,66485,1573],{"class":63},[49,66487,13001],{"class":67},[49,66489,1573],{"class":63},[49,66491,341],{"class":85},[49,66493,3202],{"class":63},[49,66495,13018],{"class":67},[49,66497,1573],{"class":63},[49,66499,341],{"class":85},[49,66501,3202],{"class":63},[49,66503,17365],{"class":67},[49,66505,1573],{"class":63},[49,66507,1244],{"class":85},[49,66509,66510,66512,66514,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541,66543,66545,66547],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,66511,11583],{"class":55},[49,66513,1197],{"class":85},[49,66515,66516],{"class":85},"  [",[49,66518,1573],{"class":63},[49,66520,13001],{"class":67},[49,66522,1573],{"class":63},[49,66524,341],{"class":85},[49,66526,3202],{"class":63},[49,66528,22433],{"class":67},[49,66530,1573],{"class":63},[49,66532,341],{"class":85},[49,66534,3202],{"class":63},[49,66536,13018],{"class":67},[49,66538,1573],{"class":63},[49,66540,341],{"class":85},[49,66542,3202],{"class":63},[49,66544,17365],{"class":67},[49,66546,1573],{"class":63},[49,66548,1244],{"class":85},[20,66550,66551,66552,66554],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66553,1223],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[181,66556,66558],{"id":66557},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66560,661,66561,35236,66563,66566],{},[15,66562,1100],{},[15,66564,66565],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[353,66568,66570],{"id":66569},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66572,66573,66574,66576],{},"Use index ",[15,66575,516],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[40,66578,66580],{"className":42,"code":66579,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66581,66582,66603,66622],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66583,66584,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66585,66586],{"class":55},"nums ",[49,66588,60],{"class":59},[49,66590,3530],{"class":85},[49,66592,312],{"class":458},[49,66594,341],{"class":85},[49,66596,2354],{"class":458},[49,66598,341],{"class":85},[49,66600,808],{"class":458},[49,66602,1244],{"class":85},[49,66604,66605,66608,66610,66612,66614,66616,66618,66620],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,66606,66607],{"class":55},"nums",[49,66609,32],{"class":85},[49,66611,53849],{"class":88},[49,66613,92],{"class":85},[49,66615,516],{"class":458},[49,66617,341],{"class":85},[49,66619,1264],{"class":458},[49,66621,103],{"class":85},[49,66623,66624,66626,66628,66630],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,66625,110],{"class":109},[49,66627,92],{"class":85},[49,66629,66607],{"class":88},[49,66631,103],{"class":85},[20,66633,1974],{},[40,66635,66636],{"className":42,"code":53403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66637,66638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66639,66640,66642,66644,66646,66648,66650,66652,66654,66656],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66641,1256],{"class":85},[49,66643,1223],{"class":458},[49,66645,341],{"class":85},[49,66647,2896],{"class":458},[49,66649,341],{"class":85},[49,66651,2354],{"class":458},[49,66653,341],{"class":85},[49,66655,808],{"class":458},[49,66657,1244],{"class":85},[353,66659,66661],{"id":66660},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66663,66664],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[40,66666,66668],{"className":42,"code":66667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66669,66670,66690,66708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66671,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682,66684,66686,66688],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66673,66586],{"class":55},[49,66675,60],{"class":59},[49,66677,3530],{"class":85},[49,66679,1223],{"class":458},[49,66681,341],{"class":85},[49,66683,2896],{"class":458},[49,66685,341],{"class":85},[49,66687,808],{"class":458},[49,66689,1244],{"class":85},[49,66691,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,66693,66607],{"class":55},[49,66695,32],{"class":85},[49,66697,53849],{"class":88},[49,66699,92],{"class":85},[49,66701,312],{"class":458},[49,66703,341],{"class":85},[49,66705,2354],{"class":458},[49,66707,103],{"class":85},[49,66709,66710,66712,66714,66716],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,66711,110],{"class":109},[49,66713,92],{"class":85},[49,66715,66607],{"class":88},[49,66717,103],{"class":85},[20,66719,1974],{},[40,66721,66722],{"className":42,"code":53403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66723,66724],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66725,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740,66742],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66727,1256],{"class":85},[49,66729,1223],{"class":458},[49,66731,341],{"class":85},[49,66733,2896],{"class":458},[49,66735,341],{"class":85},[49,66737,2354],{"class":458},[49,66739,341],{"class":85},[49,66741,808],{"class":458},[49,66743,1244],{"class":85},[353,66745,66747],{"id":66746},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66749,66750],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[40,66752,66754],{"className":42,"code":66753,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66755,66756,66776,66794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66757,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768,66770,66772,66774],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66759,66586],{"class":55},[49,66761,60],{"class":59},[49,66763,3530],{"class":85},[49,66765,1223],{"class":458},[49,66767,341],{"class":85},[49,66769,2896],{"class":458},[49,66771,341],{"class":85},[49,66773,2354],{"class":458},[49,66775,1244],{"class":85},[49,66777,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,66779,66607],{"class":55},[49,66781,32],{"class":85},[49,66783,53849],{"class":88},[49,66785,92],{"class":85},[49,66787,2233],{"class":458},[49,66789,341],{"class":85},[49,66791,808],{"class":458},[49,66793,103],{"class":85},[49,66795,66796,66798,66800,66802],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,66797,110],{"class":109},[49,66799,92],{"class":85},[49,66801,66607],{"class":88},[49,66803,103],{"class":85},[20,66805,1974],{},[40,66807,66808],{"className":42,"code":53403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,66809,66810],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66811,66812,66814,66816,66818,66820,66822,66824,66826,66828],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66813,1256],{"class":85},[49,66815,1223],{"class":458},[49,66817,341],{"class":85},[49,66819,2896],{"class":458},[49,66821,341],{"class":85},[49,66823,2354],{"class":458},[49,66825,341],{"class":85},[49,66827,808],{"class":458},[49,66829,1244],{"class":85},[353,66831,66833],{"id":66832},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66835,66836,66837,66839],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66838,54166],{}," places the item before that position.",[40,66841,66843],{"className":42,"code":66842,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66844,66845,66877,66901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66846,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66848,35994],{"class":55},[49,66850,60],{"class":59},[49,66852,3530],{"class":85},[49,66854,95],{"class":63},[49,66856,820],{"class":67},[49,66858,95],{"class":63},[49,66860,341],{"class":85},[49,66862,64],{"class":63},[49,66864,4667],{"class":67},[49,66866,95],{"class":63},[49,66868,341],{"class":85},[49,66870,64],{"class":63},[49,66872,18678],{"class":67},[49,66874,95],{"class":63},[49,66876,1244],{"class":85},[49,66878,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,66880,36047],{"class":55},[49,66882,32],{"class":85},[49,66884,53849],{"class":88},[49,66886,92],{"class":85},[49,66888,1926],{"class":59},[49,66890,1223],{"class":458},[49,66892,341],{"class":85},[49,66894,64],{"class":63},[49,66896,9646],{"class":67},[49,66898,95],{"class":63},[49,66900,103],{"class":85},[49,66902,66903,66905,66907,66909],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,66904,110],{"class":109},[49,66906,92],{"class":85},[49,66908,36047],{"class":88},[49,66910,103],{"class":85},[20,66912,1974],{},[40,66914,66916],{"className":42,"code":66915,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66917,66918],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,66919,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936,66938,66940,66942,66944,66946,66948,66950,66952],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,66921,1256],{"class":85},[49,66923,1573],{"class":63},[49,66925,820],{"class":67},[49,66927,1573],{"class":63},[49,66929,341],{"class":85},[49,66931,3202],{"class":63},[49,66933,4667],{"class":67},[49,66935,1573],{"class":63},[49,66937,341],{"class":85},[49,66939,3202],{"class":63},[49,66941,9646],{"class":67},[49,66943,1573],{"class":63},[49,66945,341],{"class":85},[49,66947,3202],{"class":63},[49,66949,18678],{"class":67},[49,66951,1573],{"class":63},[49,66953,1244],{"class":85},[20,66955,66956,66957,2206],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[820,66958,66959],{"href":50879},"Python lists beginner guide",[181,66961,66963,983,66965],{"id":66962},"insert-vs-append",[15,66964,54166],{},[15,66966,52551],{},[20,66968,66969],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[353,66971,35,66973,10508],{"id":66972},"use-insert-when",[15,66974,54166],{},[194,66976,66977,66980],{},[197,66978,66979],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[197,66981,66982],{},"The order of the list matters",[353,66984,35,66986,10508],{"id":66985},"use-append-when",[15,66987,52551],{},[194,66989,66990,66993],{},[197,66991,66992],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[197,66994,66995],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66997,214],{},[40,66999,67001],{"className":42,"code":67000,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67002,67003,67027,67031,67053,67063,67067,67085],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67004,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67006,7687],{"class":55},[49,67008,60],{"class":59},[49,67010,3530],{"class":85},[49,67012,95],{"class":63},[49,67014,3985],{"class":67},[49,67016,95],{"class":63},[49,67018,341],{"class":85},[49,67020,64],{"class":63},[49,67022,33128],{"class":67},[49,67024,95],{"class":63},[49,67026,1244],{"class":85},[49,67028,67029],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,67030,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,67032,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,67034,7718],{"class":55},[49,67036,32],{"class":85},[49,67038,53849],{"class":88},[49,67040,92],{"class":85},[49,67042,1223],{"class":458},[49,67044,341],{"class":85},[49,67046,64],{"class":63},[49,67048,230],{"class":67},[49,67050,95],{"class":63},[49,67052,103],{"class":85},[49,67054,67055,67057,67059,67061],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,67056,110],{"class":109},[49,67058,92],{"class":85},[49,67060,7718],{"class":88},[49,67062,103],{"class":85},[49,67064,67065],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,67066,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,67068,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,67070,7718],{"class":55},[49,67072,32],{"class":85},[49,67074,13462],{"class":88},[49,67076,92],{"class":85},[49,67078,95],{"class":63},[49,67080,22442],{"class":67},[49,67082,95],{"class":63},[49,67084,103],{"class":85},[49,67086,67087,67089,67091,67093],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,67088,110],{"class":109},[49,67090,92],{"class":85},[49,67092,7718],{"class":88},[49,67094,103],{"class":85},[20,67096,1974],{},[40,67098,67100],{"className":42,"code":67099,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67101,67102,67130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67103,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126,67128],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67105,1256],{"class":85},[49,67107,1573],{"class":63},[49,67109,3985],{"class":67},[49,67111,1573],{"class":63},[49,67113,341],{"class":85},[49,67115,3202],{"class":63},[49,67117,230],{"class":67},[49,67119,1573],{"class":63},[49,67121,341],{"class":85},[49,67123,3202],{"class":63},[49,67125,33128],{"class":67},[49,67127,1573],{"class":63},[49,67129,1244],{"class":85},[49,67131,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,67133,1256],{"class":85},[49,67135,1573],{"class":63},[49,67137,3985],{"class":67},[49,67139,1573],{"class":63},[49,67141,341],{"class":85},[49,67143,3202],{"class":63},[49,67145,230],{"class":67},[49,67147,1573],{"class":63},[49,67149,341],{"class":85},[49,67151,3202],{"class":63},[49,67153,33128],{"class":67},[49,67155,1573],{"class":63},[49,67157,341],{"class":85},[49,67159,3202],{"class":63},[49,67161,22442],{"class":67},[49,67163,1573],{"class":63},[49,67165,1244],{"class":85},[20,67167,67168,67169,32],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[820,67170,55417,67171,1785],{"href":56666},[15,67172,52551],{},[20,67174,67175,67176,32],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[820,67177,52947],{"href":52946},[181,67179,4425],{"id":4424},[20,67181,14643,67182,32],{},[15,67183,54166],{},[353,67185,12502,67187],{"id":67186},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67188,54166],{},[20,67190,25600],{},[40,67192,67194],{"className":42,"code":67193,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67195,67196,67216,67238,67242,67252],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67197,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67199,3525],{"class":55},[49,67201,60],{"class":59},[49,67203,3530],{"class":85},[49,67205,1223],{"class":458},[49,67207,341],{"class":85},[49,67209,2896],{"class":458},[49,67211,341],{"class":85},[49,67213,2354],{"class":458},[49,67215,1244],{"class":85},[49,67217,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,67219,2131],{"class":55},[49,67221,60],{"class":59},[49,67223,4169],{"class":55},[49,67225,32],{"class":85},[49,67227,53849],{"class":88},[49,67229,92],{"class":85},[49,67231,1223],{"class":458},[49,67233,341],{"class":85},[49,67235,10104],{"class":458},[49,67237,103],{"class":85},[49,67239,67240],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,67241,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,67243,67244,67246,67248,67250],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,67245,110],{"class":109},[49,67247,92],{"class":85},[49,67249,2166],{"class":88},[49,67251,103],{"class":85},[49,67253,67254,67256,67258,67260],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,67255,110],{"class":109},[49,67257,92],{"class":85},[49,67259,3556],{"class":88},[49,67261,103],{"class":85},[20,67263,1974],{},[40,67265,67267],{"className":42,"code":67266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67268,67269,67273],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67270,67271],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67272,11715],{"class":3757},[49,67274,67275,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287,67289,67291],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,67276,1256],{"class":85},[49,67278,1223],{"class":458},[49,67280,341],{"class":85},[49,67282,10104],{"class":458},[49,67284,341],{"class":85},[49,67286,2896],{"class":458},[49,67288,341],{"class":85},[49,67290,2354],{"class":458},[49,67292,1244],{"class":85},[20,67294,67295,54051,67297,32],{},[15,67296,54166],{},[15,67298,3684],{},[20,67300,16555],{},[40,67302,67304],{"className":42,"code":67303,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67305,67306],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67307,67308,67310,67312,67314,67316,67318,67320,67322,67324,67326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67309,55787],{"class":55},[49,67311,60],{"class":59},[49,67313,4169],{"class":55},[49,67315,32],{"class":85},[49,67317,53849],{"class":88},[49,67319,92],{"class":85},[49,67321,1223],{"class":458},[49,67323,341],{"class":85},[49,67325,10104],{"class":458},[49,67327,103],{"class":85},[20,67329,67330],{},"Right:",[40,67332,67334],{"className":42,"code":67333,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67335,67336],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67337,67338,67340,67342,67344,67346,67348,67350,67352],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67339,3556],{"class":55},[49,67341,32],{"class":85},[49,67343,53849],{"class":88},[49,67345,92],{"class":85},[49,67347,1223],{"class":458},[49,67349,341],{"class":85},[49,67351,10104],{"class":458},[49,67353,103],{"class":85},[353,67355,67357],{"id":67356},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67359,67360],{},"The correct order is:",[40,67362,67363],{"className":42,"code":66216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67364,67365],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67366,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379,67381],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67368,8248],{"class":55},[49,67370,32],{"class":85},[49,67372,53849],{"class":88},[49,67374,92],{"class":85},[49,67376,1100],{"class":88},[49,67378,341],{"class":85},[49,67380,29412],{"class":88},[49,67382,103],{"class":85},[20,67384,67385],{},"Not:",[40,67387,67389],{"className":42,"code":67388,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67390,67391],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67392,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67394,8248],{"class":55},[49,67396,32],{"class":85},[49,67398,53849],{"class":88},[49,67400,92],{"class":85},[49,67402,23220],{"class":88},[49,67404,341],{"class":85},[49,67406,35727],{"class":88},[49,67408,103],{"class":85},[20,67410,214],{},[40,67412,67413],{"className":42,"code":66258,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67414,67415,67439,67461],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67416,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67418,35994],{"class":55},[49,67420,60],{"class":59},[49,67422,3530],{"class":85},[49,67424,95],{"class":63},[49,67426,820],{"class":67},[49,67428,95],{"class":63},[49,67430,341],{"class":85},[49,67432,64],{"class":63},[49,67434,9646],{"class":67},[49,67436,95],{"class":63},[49,67438,1244],{"class":85},[49,67440,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,67442,36047],{"class":55},[49,67444,32],{"class":85},[49,67446,53849],{"class":88},[49,67448,92],{"class":85},[49,67450,1223],{"class":458},[49,67452,341],{"class":85},[49,67454,64],{"class":63},[49,67456,4667],{"class":67},[49,67458,95],{"class":63},[49,67460,103],{"class":85},[49,67462,67463,67465,67467,67469],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,67464,110],{"class":109},[49,67466,92],{"class":85},[49,67468,36047],{"class":88},[49,67470,103],{"class":85},[20,67472,1974],{},[40,67474,67475],{"className":42,"code":42775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,67476,67477],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67478,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487,67489,67491,67493,67495,67497,67499,67501,67503],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67480,1256],{"class":85},[49,67482,1573],{"class":63},[49,67484,820],{"class":67},[49,67486,1573],{"class":63},[49,67488,341],{"class":85},[49,67490,3202],{"class":63},[49,67492,4667],{"class":67},[49,67494,1573],{"class":63},[49,67496,341],{"class":85},[49,67498,3202],{"class":63},[49,67500,9646],{"class":67},[49,67502,1573],{"class":63},[49,67504,1244],{"class":85},[353,67506,1318,67508,67510],{"id":67507},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67509,54166],{}," to replace an item",[20,67512,67513,67515],{},[15,67514,54166],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[40,67517,67519],{"className":42,"code":67518,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67520,67521,67541,67559],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67522,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67524,3525],{"class":55},[49,67526,60],{"class":59},[49,67528,3530],{"class":85},[49,67530,1223],{"class":458},[49,67532,341],{"class":85},[49,67534,2896],{"class":458},[49,67536,341],{"class":85},[49,67538,2354],{"class":458},[49,67540,1244],{"class":85},[49,67542,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,67544,3556],{"class":55},[49,67546,32],{"class":85},[49,67548,53849],{"class":88},[49,67550,92],{"class":85},[49,67552,1223],{"class":458},[49,67554,341],{"class":85},[49,67556,10104],{"class":458},[49,67558,103],{"class":85},[49,67560,67561,67563,67565,67567],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,67562,110],{"class":109},[49,67564,92],{"class":85},[49,67566,3556],{"class":88},[49,67568,103],{"class":85},[20,67570,1974],{},[40,67572,67574],{"className":42,"code":67573,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67575,67576],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67577,67578,67580,67582,67584,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67579,1256],{"class":85},[49,67581,1223],{"class":458},[49,67583,341],{"class":85},[49,67585,10104],{"class":458},[49,67587,341],{"class":85},[49,67589,2896],{"class":458},[49,67591,341],{"class":85},[49,67593,2354],{"class":458},[49,67595,1244],{"class":85},[20,67597,67598],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[40,67600,67602],{"className":42,"code":67601,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67603,67604,67624,67638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67605,67606,67608,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67607,3525],{"class":55},[49,67609,60],{"class":59},[49,67611,3530],{"class":85},[49,67613,1223],{"class":458},[49,67615,341],{"class":85},[49,67617,2896],{"class":458},[49,67619,341],{"class":85},[49,67621,2354],{"class":458},[49,67623,1244],{"class":85},[49,67625,67626,67628,67630,67632,67634,67636],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,67627,3556],{"class":55},[49,67629,1256],{"class":85},[49,67631,1223],{"class":458},[49,67633,13182],{"class":85},[49,67635,13185],{"class":59},[49,67637,14040],{"class":458},[49,67639,67640,67642,67644,67646],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,67641,110],{"class":109},[49,67643,92],{"class":85},[49,67645,3556],{"class":88},[49,67647,103],{"class":85},[20,67649,1974],{},[40,67651,67653],{"className":42,"code":67652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67654,67655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67656,67657,67659,67661,67663,67665,67667,67669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67658,1256],{"class":85},[49,67660,1223],{"class":458},[49,67662,341],{"class":85},[49,67664,10104],{"class":458},[49,67666,341],{"class":85},[49,67668,2354],{"class":458},[49,67670,1244],{"class":85},[353,67672,67674],{"id":67673},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67676,67677,67679],{},[15,67678,54166],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67681,67682],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[40,67684,67686],{"className":42,"code":67685,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67687,67688,67704,67728],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67689,67690,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67691,3525],{"class":55},[49,67693,60],{"class":59},[49,67695,3530],{"class":85},[49,67697,1223],{"class":458},[49,67699,341],{"class":85},[49,67701,808],{"class":458},[49,67703,1244],{"class":85},[49,67705,67706,67708,67710,67712,67714,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,67707,3556],{"class":55},[49,67709,32],{"class":85},[49,67711,53849],{"class":88},[49,67713,92],{"class":85},[49,67715,1223],{"class":458},[49,67717,341],{"class":85},[49,67719,3530],{"class":85},[49,67721,312],{"class":458},[49,67723,341],{"class":85},[49,67725,2354],{"class":458},[49,67727,3794],{"class":85},[49,67729,67730,67732,67734,67736],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,67731,110],{"class":109},[49,67733,92],{"class":85},[49,67735,3556],{"class":88},[49,67737,103],{"class":85},[20,67739,1974],{},[40,67741,67743],{"className":42,"code":67742,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67744,67745],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67746,67747,67749,67751,67753,67755,67757,67759,67761,67763,67765],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67748,1256],{"class":85},[49,67750,1223],{"class":458},[49,67752,341],{"class":85},[49,67754,3530],{"class":85},[49,67756,312],{"class":458},[49,67758,341],{"class":85},[49,67760,2354],{"class":458},[49,67762,17972],{"class":85},[49,67764,808],{"class":458},[49,67766,1244],{"class":85},[20,67768,67769,67770,32],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[820,67771,55417,67772,1785],{"href":53242},[15,67773,53344],{},[353,67775,67777],{"id":67776},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67779,8780,67780,67782],{},[15,67781,54166],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[40,67784,67786],{"className":42,"code":67785,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67787,67788,67798,67812,67830,67844],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,67789,67790,67792,67794,67796],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,67791,110],{"class":109},[49,67793,92],{"class":85},[49,67795,8248],{"class":88},[49,67797,103],{"class":85},[49,67799,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,67801,110],{"class":109},[49,67803,92],{"class":85},[49,67805,1631],{"class":109},[49,67807,92],{"class":85},[49,67809,8248],{"class":88},[49,67811,1581],{"class":85},[49,67813,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822,67824,67826,67828],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,67815,110],{"class":109},[49,67817,92],{"class":85},[49,67819,8248],{"class":88},[49,67821,32],{"class":85},[49,67823,53849],{"class":24660},[49,67825,32],{"class":85},[49,67827,34354],{"class":34361},[49,67829,103],{"class":85},[49,67831,67832,67834,67836,67838,67840,67842],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,67833,32059],{"class":109},[49,67835,92],{"class":85},[49,67837,8002],{"class":2804},[49,67839,32],{"class":85},[49,67841,53849],{"class":24660},[49,67843,103],{"class":85},[49,67845,67846,67848,67850,67852],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,67847,3127],{"class":2804},[49,67849,92],{"class":85},[49,67851,8248],{"class":88},[49,67853,103],{"class":85},[20,67855,67856],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[194,67858,67859,67862,67865,67868],{},[197,67860,67861],{},"What is currently in the list",[197,67863,67864],{},"How long the list is",[197,67866,67867],{},"That you are working with a real list",[197,67869,67870],{},"How Python describes the method",[181,67872,4868,67874],{"id":67873},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67875,54166],{},[20,67877,35,67878,67880],{},[15,67879,54166],{}," when position matters.",[20,67882,36330],{},[194,67884,67885,67888,67891,67894],{},[197,67886,67887],{},"Ordered menus",[197,67889,67890],{},"Rankings or score lists",[197,67892,67893],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[197,67895,67896],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67898,67899,67900,67902,67903,67905,67906,67908],{},"You usually do ",[666,67901,4536],{}," need ",[15,67904,54166],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67907,52551],{}," is simpler.",[20,67910,67911,67912,32],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[820,67913,57052],{"href":57051},[181,67915,1704],{"id":1703},[353,67917,1720,67919,55366],{"id":67918},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67920,53809],{},[20,67922,67923,67924,32],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67925,3684],{},[353,67927,67929],{"id":67928},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67931,67932],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[353,67934,5077,67936,67938],{"id":67935},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67937,53809],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67940,67941,67942,67944],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67943,53344],{}," or slicing.",[353,67946,1740,67948,380,67950,2394],{"id":67947},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67949,54166],{},[15,67951,52551],{},[20,67953,67954,67956,67957,67959],{},[15,67955,54166],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67958,52551],{}," adds only at the end.",[181,67961,1775],{"id":1774},[194,67963,67964,67970,67976,67980,67984,67988],{},[197,67965,67966],{},[820,67967,55417,67968,1785],{"href":56666},[15,67969,52551],{},[197,67971,67972],{},[820,67973,55417,67974,1785],{"href":53242},[15,67975,53344],{},[197,67977,67978],{},[820,67979,54176],{"href":52946},[197,67981,67982],{},[820,67983,52669],{"href":50879},[197,67985,67986],{},[820,67987,57126],{"href":57051},[197,67989,67990],{},[820,67991,30253,67992,33541],{"href":54194},[15,67993,67994],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1834,67996,67997],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":67999},[68000,68002,68003,68004,68010,68017,68026,68028,68037],{"id":66185,"depth":74,"text":68001},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5337,"depth":74,"text":5338},{"id":5693,"depth":74,"text":5694},{"id":66557,"depth":74,"text":66558,"children":68005},[68006,68007,68008,68009],{"id":66569,"depth":106,"text":66570},{"id":66660,"depth":106,"text":66661},{"id":66746,"depth":106,"text":66747},{"id":66832,"depth":106,"text":66833},{"id":66962,"depth":74,"text":68011,"children":68012},"insert() vs append()",[68013,68015],{"id":66972,"depth":106,"text":68014},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66985,"depth":106,"text":68016},"Use append() when:",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":68018},[68019,68021,68022,68024,68025],{"id":67186,"depth":106,"text":68020},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67356,"depth":106,"text":67357},{"id":67507,"depth":106,"text":68023},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67673,"depth":106,"text":67674},{"id":67776,"depth":106,"text":67777},{"id":67873,"depth":74,"text":68027},"When to use insert()",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":68029},[68030,68032,68033,68035],{"id":67918,"depth":106,"text":68031},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67928,"depth":106,"text":67929},{"id":67935,"depth":106,"text":68034},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67947,"depth":106,"text":68036},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66095,"description":68038},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68045,"title":68046,"body":68047,"description":69601,"extension":1866,"meta":69602,"navigation":128,"path":58868,"seo":69603,"stem":69604,"__hash__":69605},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68048,"toc":69574},[68049,68055,68064,68113,68115,68123,68129,68131,68149,68155,68160,68163,68166,68181,68183,68235,68237,68245,68253,68260,68262,68268,68333,68335,68343,68345,68364,68367,68418,68422,68427,68454,68456,68464,68467,68536,68538,68553,68559,68563,68572,68575,68630,68632,68640,68643,68645,68690,68692,68700,68706,68708,68716,68719,68721,68760,68762,68801,68806,68808,68810,68845,68848,68850,68888,68892,68898,68900,68951,68953,68961,68968,68971,68992,68995,69050,69061,69063,69124,69126,69135,69142,69148,69151,69154,69211,69214,69227,69234,69240,69246,69248,69261,69264,69361,69363,69380,69383,69465,69467,69489,69496,69502,69504,69508,69514,69520,69525,69529,69532,69537,69544,69546,69571],[10,68050,68052,68053,118],{"id":68051},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68054,1631],{},[20,68056,68057,68058,68060,68061,68063],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68059,42261],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68062,42261],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[40,68065,68067],{"className":42,"code":68066,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68068,68069,68089,68103],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68070,68071,68073,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68072,3525],{"class":55},[49,68074,60],{"class":59},[49,68076,3530],{"class":85},[49,68078,2233],{"class":458},[49,68080,341],{"class":85},[49,68082,7698],{"class":458},[49,68084,341],{"class":85},[49,68086,7703],{"class":458},[49,68088,1244],{"class":85},[49,68090,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68092,41142],{"class":55},[49,68094,60],{"class":59},[49,68096,38289],{"class":109},[49,68098,92],{"class":85},[49,68100,3556],{"class":88},[49,68102,103],{"class":85},[49,68104,68105,68107,68109,68111],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,68106,110],{"class":109},[49,68108,92],{"class":85},[49,68110,41160],{"class":88},[49,68112,103],{"class":85},[20,68114,1974],{},[40,68116,68117],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68118,68119],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68120,68121],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68122,46516],{"class":458},[20,68124,35,68125,68128],{},[15,68126,68127],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[181,68130,15073],{"id":15072},[194,68132,68133,68138,68143,68146],{},[197,68134,4104,68135,68137],{},[15,68136,42261],{}," works with Python lists",[197,68139,68140,68141,11612],{},"What value ",[15,68142,42261],{},[197,68144,68145],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[197,68147,68148],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[181,68150,184,68152,68154],{"id":68151},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68153,42261],{}," returns for a list",[20,68156,68157,64971],{},[15,68158,68159],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68161,68162],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68164,68165],{},"A few important points:",[194,68167,68168,68171,68176],{},[197,68169,68170],{},"It counts list items",[197,68172,40808,68173,68175],{},[666,68174,4536],{}," count characters inside a string item",[197,68177,68178,68179],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68180,516],{},[20,68182,214],{},[40,68184,68186],{"className":42,"code":68185,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68187,68188,68221],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68189,68190,68192,68194,68196,68198,68200,68202,68204,68206,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68191,3976],{"class":55},[49,68193,60],{"class":59},[49,68195,3530],{"class":85},[49,68197,95],{"class":63},[49,68199,36952],{"class":67},[49,68201,95],{"class":63},[49,68203,341],{"class":85},[49,68205,64],{"class":63},[49,68207,68208],{"class":67},"elephant",[49,68210,95],{"class":63},[49,68212,341],{"class":85},[49,68214,64],{"class":63},[49,68216,58023],{"class":67},[49,68218,95],{"class":63},[49,68220,1244],{"class":85},[49,68222,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68224,110],{"class":109},[49,68226,92],{"class":85},[49,68228,1631],{"class":109},[49,68230,92],{"class":85},[49,68232,4019],{"class":88},[49,68234,1581],{"class":85},[20,68236,1974],{},[40,68238,68239],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68240,68241],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68242,68243],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68244,46516],{"class":458},[20,68246,20887,68247,68250,68251,64978],{},[15,68248,68249],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[666,68252,52555],{},[20,68254,68255,68256,32],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[820,68257,3482,68258,3415],{"href":42258},[15,68259,42261],{},[181,68261,5694],{"id":5693},[20,68263,68264,68265,68267],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68266,42261],{},", and print the result.",[40,68269,68271],{"className":42,"code":68270,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68272,68273,68305,68319,68323],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68274,68275,68277,68279,68281,68283,68285,68287,68289,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299,68301,68303],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68276,12984],{"class":55},[49,68278,60],{"class":59},[49,68280,3530],{"class":85},[49,68282,95],{"class":63},[49,68284,13001],{"class":67},[49,68286,95],{"class":63},[49,68288,341],{"class":85},[49,68290,64],{"class":63},[49,68292,17365],{"class":67},[49,68294,95],{"class":63},[49,68296,341],{"class":85},[49,68298,64],{"class":63},[49,68300,13018],{"class":67},[49,68302,95],{"class":63},[49,68304,1244],{"class":85},[49,68306,68307,68309,68311,68313,68315,68317],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68308,41142],{"class":55},[49,68310,60],{"class":59},[49,68312,38289],{"class":109},[49,68314,92],{"class":85},[49,68316,17412],{"class":88},[49,68318,103],{"class":85},[49,68320,68321],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,68322,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,68324,68325,68327,68329,68331],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,68326,110],{"class":109},[49,68328,92],{"class":85},[49,68330,41160],{"class":88},[49,68332,103],{"class":85},[20,68334,1974],{},[40,68336,68337],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68338,68339],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68340,68341],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68342,46516],{"class":458},[20,68344,11590],{},[194,68346,68347,68352,68359],{},[197,68348,68349,68351],{},[15,68350,17412],{}," is a list with 3 items",[197,68353,68354,1000,68357],{},[15,68355,68356],{},"len(colors)",[15,68358,1965],{},[197,68360,68361,68362],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68363,41160],{},[20,68365,68366],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[40,68368,68370],{"className":42,"code":68369,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68371,68372,68404],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68373,68374,68376,68378,68380,68382,68384,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68375,12984],{"class":55},[49,68377,60],{"class":59},[49,68379,3530],{"class":85},[49,68381,95],{"class":63},[49,68383,13001],{"class":67},[49,68385,95],{"class":63},[49,68387,341],{"class":85},[49,68389,64],{"class":63},[49,68391,17365],{"class":67},[49,68393,95],{"class":63},[49,68395,341],{"class":85},[49,68397,64],{"class":63},[49,68399,13018],{"class":67},[49,68401,95],{"class":63},[49,68403,1244],{"class":85},[49,68405,68406,68408,68410,68412,68414,68416],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68407,110],{"class":109},[49,68409,92],{"class":85},[49,68411,1631],{"class":109},[49,68413,92],{"class":85},[49,68415,17412],{"class":88},[49,68417,1581],{"class":85},[181,68419,68421],{"id":68420},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68423,68424,68425,32],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68426,516],{},[40,68428,68430],{"className":42,"code":68429,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68431,68432,68440],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68433,68434,68436,68438],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68435,7687],{"class":55},[49,68437,60],{"class":59},[49,68439,7747],{"class":85},[49,68441,68442,68444,68446,68448,68450,68452],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68443,110],{"class":109},[49,68445,92],{"class":85},[49,68447,1631],{"class":109},[49,68449,92],{"class":85},[49,68451,7718],{"class":88},[49,68453,1581],{"class":85},[20,68455,1974],{},[40,68457,68458],{"className":42,"code":47151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68459,68460],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68461,68462],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68463,47151],{"class":458},[20,68465,68466],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[40,68468,68470],{"className":42,"code":68469,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68471,68472,68480,68484,68502,68516,68522],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68473,68474,68476,68478],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68475,7687],{"class":55},[49,68477,60],{"class":59},[49,68479,7747],{"class":85},[49,68481,68482],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68483,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,68485,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498,68500],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,68487,1211],{"class":1210},[49,68489,38289],{"class":109},[49,68491,92],{"class":85},[49,68493,7718],{"class":88},[49,68495,118],{"class":85},[49,68497,38298],{"class":59},[49,68499,770],{"class":458},[49,68501,1226],{"class":85},[49,68503,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,68505,1273],{"class":109},[49,68507,92],{"class":85},[49,68509,7718],{"class":88},[49,68511,1256],{"class":85},[49,68513,516],{"class":458},[49,68515,3794],{"class":85},[49,68517,68518,68520],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,68519,1416],{"class":1210},[49,68521,1226],{"class":85},[49,68523,68524,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,68525,1273],{"class":109},[49,68527,92],{"class":85},[49,68529,95],{"class":63},[49,68531,51715],{"class":67},[49,68533,95],{"class":63},[49,68535,103],{"class":85},[20,68537,1974],{},[40,68539,68541],{"className":42,"code":68540,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The list is empty\n",[15,68542,68543],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68544,68545,68547,68549,68551],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68546,661],{"class":55},[49,68548,8002],{"class":2804},[49,68550,8005],{"class":59},[49,68552,8011],{"class":55},[20,68554,68555,68556,68558],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[820,68557,52669],{"href":50879}," is a good next step.",[181,68560,68562],{"id":68561},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68564,68565,68567,68568,68571],{},[15,68566,42261],{}," counts only the ",[666,68569,68570],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68573,68574],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[40,68576,68578],{"className":42,"code":68577,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68579,68580,68616],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68581,68582,68584,68586,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602,68604,68606,68608,68610,68612,68614],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68583,9071],{"class":55},[49,68585,60],{"class":59},[49,68587,56191],{"class":85},[49,68589,1223],{"class":458},[49,68591,341],{"class":85},[49,68593,2896],{"class":458},[49,68595,17972],{"class":85},[49,68597,3530],{"class":85},[49,68599,1965],{"class":458},[49,68601,341],{"class":85},[49,68603,808],{"class":458},[49,68605,17972],{"class":85},[49,68607,3530],{"class":85},[49,68609,2040],{"class":458},[49,68611,341],{"class":85},[49,68613,37548],{"class":458},[49,68615,53140],{"class":85},[49,68617,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68619,110],{"class":109},[49,68621,92],{"class":85},[49,68623,1631],{"class":109},[49,68625,92],{"class":85},[49,68627,9110],{"class":88},[49,68629,1581],{"class":85},[20,68631,1974],{},[40,68633,68634],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68635,68636],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68637,68638],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68639,46516],{"class":458},[20,68641,68642],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68644,51979],{},[40,68646,68648],{"className":42,"code":68647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68649,68650,68676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68651,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68653,59368],{"class":55},[49,68655,60],{"class":59},[49,68657,3530],{"class":85},[49,68659,1223],{"class":458},[49,68661,341],{"class":85},[49,68663,3530],{"class":85},[49,68665,312],{"class":458},[49,68667,341],{"class":85},[49,68669,2354],{"class":458},[49,68671,17972],{"class":85},[49,68673,808],{"class":458},[49,68675,1244],{"class":85},[49,68677,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686,68688],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68679,110],{"class":109},[49,68681,92],{"class":85},[49,68683,1631],{"class":109},[49,68685,92],{"class":85},[49,68687,59421],{"class":88},[49,68689,1581],{"class":85},[20,68691,1974],{},[40,68693,68694],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68695,68696],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68697,68698],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68699,46516],{"class":458},[20,68701,20887,68702,68705],{},[15,68703,68704],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[181,68707,4425],{"id":4424},[353,68709,644,68711,10999,68714],{"id":68710},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68712,68713],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68715,68159],{},[20,68717,68718],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68720,16555],{},[40,68722,68724],{"className":42,"code":68723,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68725,68726,68746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68727,68728,68730,68732,68734,68736,68738,68740,68742,68744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68729,3525],{"class":55},[49,68731,60],{"class":59},[49,68733,3530],{"class":85},[49,68735,2233],{"class":458},[49,68737,341],{"class":85},[49,68739,7698],{"class":458},[49,68741,341],{"class":85},[49,68743,7703],{"class":458},[49,68745,1244],{"class":85},[49,68747,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68749,110],{"class":109},[49,68751,92],{"class":85},[49,68753,3556],{"class":88},[49,68755,32],{"class":85},[49,68757,1631],{"class":88},[49,68759,7100],{"class":85},[20,68761,16567],{},[40,68763,68765],{"className":42,"code":68764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68766,68767,68787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68768,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68770,3525],{"class":55},[49,68772,60],{"class":59},[49,68774,3530],{"class":85},[49,68776,2233],{"class":458},[49,68778,341],{"class":85},[49,68780,7698],{"class":458},[49,68782,341],{"class":85},[49,68784,7703],{"class":458},[49,68786,1244],{"class":85},[49,68788,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68790,110],{"class":109},[49,68792,92],{"class":85},[49,68794,1631],{"class":109},[49,68796,92],{"class":85},[49,68798,3556],{"class":88},[49,68800,1581],{"class":85},[20,68802,68803,68805],{},[15,68804,42261],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[353,68807,25597],{"id":25596},[20,68809,16555],{},[40,68811,68813],{"className":42,"code":68812,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68814,68815,68835],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68816,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68818,3525],{"class":55},[49,68820,60],{"class":59},[49,68822,3530],{"class":85},[49,68824,2233],{"class":458},[49,68826,341],{"class":85},[49,68828,7698],{"class":458},[49,68830,341],{"class":85},[49,68832,7703],{"class":458},[49,68834,1244],{"class":85},[49,68836,68837,68839,68841,68843],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68838,110],{"class":109},[49,68840,92],{"class":85},[49,68842,1631],{"class":109},[49,68844,103],{"class":85},[20,68846,68847],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68849,16567],{},[40,68851,68852],{"className":42,"code":68764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68853,68854,68874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68855,68856,68858,68860,68862,68864,68866,68868,68870,68872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68857,3525],{"class":55},[49,68859,60],{"class":59},[49,68861,3530],{"class":85},[49,68863,2233],{"class":458},[49,68865,341],{"class":85},[49,68867,7698],{"class":458},[49,68869,341],{"class":85},[49,68871,7703],{"class":458},[49,68873,1244],{"class":85},[49,68875,68876,68878,68880,68882,68884,68886],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68877,110],{"class":109},[49,68879,92],{"class":85},[49,68881,1631],{"class":109},[49,68883,92],{"class":85},[49,68885,3556],{"class":88},[49,68887,1581],{"class":85},[353,68889,68891],{"id":68890},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68893,68894,68895,68897],{},"The length of a list is ",[666,68896,4536],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68899,214],{},[40,68901,68903],{"className":42,"code":68902,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68904,68905,68937],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68906,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68908,35994],{"class":55},[49,68910,60],{"class":59},[49,68912,3530],{"class":85},[49,68914,95],{"class":63},[49,68916,820],{"class":67},[49,68918,95],{"class":63},[49,68920,341],{"class":85},[49,68922,64],{"class":63},[49,68924,4667],{"class":67},[49,68926,95],{"class":63},[49,68928,341],{"class":85},[49,68930,64],{"class":63},[49,68932,9646],{"class":67},[49,68934,95],{"class":63},[49,68936,1244],{"class":85},[49,68938,68939,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,68940,110],{"class":109},[49,68942,92],{"class":85},[49,68944,1631],{"class":109},[49,68946,92],{"class":85},[49,68948,36047],{"class":88},[49,68950,1581],{"class":85},[20,68952,1974],{},[40,68954,68955],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,68956,68957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,68958,68959],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,68960,46516],{"class":458},[20,68962,68963,68964,18874,68966,32],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68965,312],{},[15,68967,1965],{},[20,68969,68970],{},"Indexes are:",[194,68972,68973,68980,68986],{},[197,68974,68975,68977,68978],{},[15,68976,516],{}," for ",[15,68979,18006],{},[197,68981,68982,68977,68984],{},[15,68983,1223],{},[15,68985,65480],{},[197,68987,68988,68977,68990],{},[15,68989,312],{},[15,68991,66363],{},[20,68993,68994],{},"So this causes an error:",[40,68996,68998],{"className":42,"code":68997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68999,69000,69032],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69001,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69003,35994],{"class":55},[49,69005,60],{"class":59},[49,69007,3530],{"class":85},[49,69009,95],{"class":63},[49,69011,820],{"class":67},[49,69013,95],{"class":63},[49,69015,341],{"class":85},[49,69017,64],{"class":63},[49,69019,4667],{"class":67},[49,69021,95],{"class":63},[49,69023,341],{"class":85},[49,69025,64],{"class":63},[49,69027,9646],{"class":67},[49,69029,95],{"class":63},[49,69031,1244],{"class":85},[49,69033,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69035,110],{"class":109},[49,69037,92],{"class":85},[49,69039,36047],{"class":88},[49,69041,1256],{"class":85},[49,69043,1631],{"class":109},[49,69045,92],{"class":85},[49,69047,36047],{"class":88},[49,69049,10586],{"class":85},[20,69051,8402,69052,4690,69055,69057,69058,69060],{},[15,69053,69054],{},"len(letters)",[15,69056,1965],{},", and index ",[15,69059,1965],{}," does not exist.",[20,69062,18751],{},[40,69064,69066],{"className":42,"code":69065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69067,69068,69100],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69069,69070,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080,69082,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094,69096,69098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69071,35994],{"class":55},[49,69073,60],{"class":59},[49,69075,3530],{"class":85},[49,69077,95],{"class":63},[49,69079,820],{"class":67},[49,69081,95],{"class":63},[49,69083,341],{"class":85},[49,69085,64],{"class":63},[49,69087,4667],{"class":67},[49,69089,95],{"class":63},[49,69091,341],{"class":85},[49,69093,64],{"class":63},[49,69095,9646],{"class":67},[49,69097,95],{"class":63},[49,69099,1244],{"class":85},[49,69101,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69103,110],{"class":109},[49,69105,92],{"class":85},[49,69107,36047],{"class":88},[49,69109,1256],{"class":85},[49,69111,1631],{"class":109},[49,69113,92],{"class":85},[49,69115,36047],{"class":88},[49,69117,118],{"class":85},[49,69119,1220],{"class":59},[49,69121,1264],{"class":458},[49,69123,3794],{"class":85},[20,69125,1974],{},[40,69127,69129],{"className":42,"code":69128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"c\n",[15,69130,69131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69132,69133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69134,69128],{"class":55},[20,69136,69137,69138,32],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[820,69139,69141],{"href":69140},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[353,69143,644,69145,69147],{"id":69144},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69146,42261],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69149,69150],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69152,69153],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[40,69155,69157],{"className":42,"code":69156,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69158,69159,69169,69183,69197],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69160,69161,69163,69165,69167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69162,110],{"class":109},[49,69164,92],{"class":85},[49,69166,8248],{"class":88},[49,69168,103],{"class":85},[49,69170,69171,69173,69175,69177,69179,69181],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69172,110],{"class":109},[49,69174,92],{"class":85},[49,69176,1631],{"class":109},[49,69178,92],{"class":85},[49,69180,8248],{"class":88},[49,69182,1581],{"class":85},[49,69184,69185,69187,69189,69191,69193,69195],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,69186,110],{"class":109},[49,69188,92],{"class":85},[49,69190,3127],{"class":2804},[49,69192,92],{"class":85},[49,69194,8248],{"class":88},[49,69196,1581],{"class":85},[49,69198,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207,69209],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,69200,110],{"class":109},[49,69202,92],{"class":85},[49,69204,8248],{"class":88},[49,69206,1256],{"class":85},[49,69208,516],{"class":458},[49,69210,3794],{"class":85},[20,69212,69213],{},"These help you verify:",[194,69215,69216,69219,69221,69224],{},[197,69217,69218],{},"what the variable contains",[197,69220,60675],{},[197,69222,69223],{},"whether it is really a list",[197,69225,69226],{},"what the first item is",[20,69228,69229,69230,69233],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69231,69232],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[181,69235,4868,69237,69239],{"id":69236},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69238,42261],{}," with lists",[20,69241,69242,69243,69245],{},"You will often use ",[15,69244,42261],{}," in real programs.",[20,69247,9280],{},[194,69249,69250,69252,69255,69258],{},[197,69251,51669],{},[197,69253,69254],{},"Control loops",[197,69256,69257],{},"Validate input or results",[197,69259,69260],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69262,69263],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[40,69265,69267],{"className":42,"code":69266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69268,69269,69289,69305,69309,69323,69337],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69270,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69272,2457],{"class":55},[49,69274,60],{"class":59},[49,69276,3530],{"class":85},[49,69278,1223],{"class":458},[49,69280,341],{"class":85},[49,69282,2896],{"class":458},[49,69284,341],{"class":85},[49,69286,2354],{"class":458},[49,69288,1244],{"class":85},[49,69290,69291,69293,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69292,2485],{"class":55},[49,69294,60],{"class":59},[49,69296,3530],{"class":85},[49,69298,2233],{"class":458},[49,69300,341],{"class":85},[49,69302,7698],{"class":458},[49,69304,1244],{"class":85},[49,69306,69307],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,69308,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,69310,69311,69313,69315,69317,69319,69321],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,69312,110],{"class":109},[49,69314,92],{"class":85},[49,69316,1631],{"class":109},[49,69318,92],{"class":85},[49,69320,820],{"class":88},[49,69322,1581],{"class":85},[49,69324,69325,69327,69329,69331,69333,69335],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,69326,110],{"class":109},[49,69328,92],{"class":85},[49,69330,1631],{"class":109},[49,69332,92],{"class":85},[49,69334,4667],{"class":88},[49,69336,1581],{"class":85},[49,69338,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,69340,110],{"class":109},[49,69342,92],{"class":85},[49,69344,1631],{"class":109},[49,69346,92],{"class":85},[49,69348,820],{"class":88},[49,69350,118],{"class":85},[49,69352,38298],{"class":59},[49,69354,38289],{"class":109},[49,69356,92],{"class":85},[49,69358,4667],{"class":88},[49,69360,1581],{"class":85},[20,69362,1974],{},[40,69364,69366],{"className":42,"code":69365,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69367,69368,69372,69376],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69369,69370],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69371,46516],{"class":458},[49,69373,69374],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69375,16968],{"class":458},[49,69377,69378],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,69379,3885],{"class":3757},[20,69381,69382],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[40,69384,69386],{"className":42,"code":69385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69387,69388,69420,69424,69446],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69389,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404,69406,69408,69410,69412,69414,69416,69418],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69391,4902],{"class":55},[49,69393,60],{"class":59},[49,69395,3530],{"class":85},[49,69397,95],{"class":63},[49,69399,12788],{"class":67},[49,69401,95],{"class":63},[49,69403,341],{"class":85},[49,69405,64],{"class":63},[49,69407,35846],{"class":67},[49,69409,95],{"class":63},[49,69411,341],{"class":85},[49,69413,64],{"class":63},[49,69415,35855],{"class":67},[49,69417,95],{"class":63},[49,69419,1244],{"class":85},[49,69421,69422],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69423,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,69425,69426,69428,69431,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441,69443],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,69427,5865],{"class":1210},[49,69429,69430],{"class":55}," i ",[49,69432,3788],{"class":1210},[49,69434,53968],{"class":109},[49,69436,92],{"class":85},[49,69438,1631],{"class":109},[49,69440,92],{"class":85},[49,69442,4946],{"class":88},[49,69444,69445],{"class":85},")):\n",[49,69447,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69459,69461,69463],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,69449,1273],{"class":109},[49,69451,92],{"class":85},[49,69453,36058],{"class":88},[49,69455,341],{"class":85},[49,69457,69458],{"class":88}," names",[49,69460,1256],{"class":85},[49,69462,36058],{"class":88},[49,69464,3794],{"class":85},[20,69466,1974],{},[40,69468,69469],{"className":42,"code":35904,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,69470,69471,69477,69483],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69472,69473,69475],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69474,516],{"class":458},[49,69476,35913],{"class":55},[49,69478,69479,69481],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69480,1223],{"class":458},[49,69482,35920],{"class":55},[49,69484,69485,69487],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,69486,312],{"class":458},[49,69488,35927],{"class":55},[20,69490,69491,69492,32],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[820,69493,69495],{"href":69494},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69497,69498,69499,69501],{},"You can also read ",[820,69500,51446],{"href":51445}," for a task-focused guide.",[181,69503,1704],{"id":1703},[353,69505,69507],{"id":69506},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69509,35,69510,69513],{},[15,69511,69512],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[353,69515,5050,69517,12623],{"id":69516},"what-does-len-return",[15,69518,69519],{},"len([])",[20,69521,1714,69522,69524],{},[15,69523,516],{}," because the list is empty.",[353,69526,69528],{"id":69527},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69530,69531],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[353,69533,1760,69535,1745],{"id":69534},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69536,68713],{},[20,69538,30176,69539,8131,69541,69543],{},[15,69540,68159],{},[15,69542,42261],{}," is a built-in function.",[181,69545,1775],{"id":1774},[194,69547,69548,69554,69558,69562,69566],{},[197,69549,69550],{},[820,69551,3482,69552,3415],{"href":42258},[15,69553,42261],{},[197,69555,69556],{},[820,69557,52489],{"href":51445},[197,69559,69560],{},[820,69561,52669],{"href":50879},[197,69563,69564],{},[820,69565,69141],{"href":69140},[197,69567,69568],{},[820,69569,69570],{"href":69494},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1834,69572,69573],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":69575},[69576,69577,69579,69580,69581,69582,69590,69592,69600],{"id":15072,"depth":74,"text":15073},{"id":68151,"depth":74,"text":69578},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5693,"depth":74,"text":5694},{"id":68420,"depth":74,"text":68421},{"id":68561,"depth":74,"text":68562},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":69583},[69584,69586,69587,69588],{"id":68710,"depth":106,"text":69585},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25596,"depth":106,"text":25597},{"id":68890,"depth":106,"text":68891},{"id":69144,"depth":106,"text":69589},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69236,"depth":74,"text":69591},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":69593},[69594,69595,69597,69598],{"id":69506,"depth":106,"text":69507},{"id":69516,"depth":106,"text":69596},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69527,"depth":106,"text":69528},{"id":69534,"depth":106,"text":69599},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68046,"description":69601},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69607,"title":69608,"body":69609,"description":71591,"extension":1866,"meta":71592,"navigation":128,"path":71593,"seo":71594,"stem":71595,"__hash__":71596},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69610,"toc":71564},[69611,69614,69619,69622,69630,69643,69645,69710,69712,69734,69739,69743,69748,69756,69758,69768,69770,69851,69853,69883,69885,69904,69909,69926,69928,70012,70014,70044,70049,70053,70059,70143,70145,70175,70178,70182,70185,70276,70278,70316,70319,70404,70406,70436,70442,70449,70453,70458,70467,70469,70554,70556,70585,70588,70596,70600,70604,70613,70636,70638,70660,70662,70676,70678,70738,70742,70747,70786,70788,70805,70807,70817,70916,70921,70925,70930,70973,70975,71003,71005,71019,71094,71096,71118,71122,71125,71130,71141,71146,71154,71157,71228,71230,71255,71312,71314,71335,71344,71352,71357,71359,71364,71385,71388,71463,71466,71480,71487,71489,71493,71499,71503,71513,71517,71524,71528,71534,71536,71561],[10,69612,69608],{"id":69613},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69615,69616,69618],{},[15,69617,54979],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69620,69621],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[194,69623,69624,69627],{},[197,69625,69626],{},"delete an item from a list",[197,69628,69629],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69631,69632,69633,69635,69636,1342,69638,69642],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69634,12670],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69637,12670],{},[820,69639,69640],{"href":54969},[15,69641,55426],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[181,69644,1907],{"id":1906},[40,69646,69648],{"className":42,"code":69647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69649,69650,69670,69685,69689,69700],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69651,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69653,3525],{"class":55},[49,69655,60],{"class":59},[49,69657,3530],{"class":85},[49,69659,2233],{"class":458},[49,69661,341],{"class":85},[49,69663,7698],{"class":458},[49,69665,341],{"class":85},[49,69667,7703],{"class":458},[49,69669,1244],{"class":85},[49,69671,69672,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69673,69674],{"class":55},"last_item ",[49,69676,60],{"class":59},[49,69678,4169],{"class":55},[49,69680,32],{"class":85},[49,69682,26150],{"class":88},[49,69684,8548],{"class":85},[49,69686,69687],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,69688,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,69690,69691,69693,69695,69698],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,69692,110],{"class":109},[49,69694,92],{"class":85},[49,69696,69697],{"class":88},"last_item",[49,69699,103],{"class":85},[49,69701,69702,69704,69706,69708],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,69703,110],{"class":109},[49,69705,92],{"class":85},[49,69707,3556],{"class":88},[49,69709,103],{"class":85},[20,69711,1974],{},[40,69713,69715],{"className":42,"code":69714,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69716,69717,69722],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69718,69719],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69720,69721],{"class":458},"30\n",[49,69723,69724,69726,69728,69730,69732],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69725,1256],{"class":85},[49,69727,2233],{"class":458},[49,69729,341],{"class":85},[49,69731,7698],{"class":458},[49,69733,1244],{"class":85},[20,69735,35,69736,69738],{},[15,69737,12670],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[181,69740,69742],{"id":69741},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69744,69745,69747],{},[15,69746,12670],{}," has two main jobs:",[194,69749,69750,69753],{},[197,69751,69752],{},"It removes one item from a list",[197,69754,69755],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69757,43549],{},[194,69759,69760,69763,69766],{},[197,69761,69762],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[197,69764,69765],{},"It changes the original list",[197,69767,52643],{},[20,69769,214],{},[40,69771,69773],{"className":42,"code":69772,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69774,69775,69807,69811,69826,69830,69841],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69776,69777,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803,69805],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69778,12984],{"class":55},[49,69780,60],{"class":59},[49,69782,3530],{"class":85},[49,69784,95],{"class":63},[49,69786,13001],{"class":67},[49,69788,95],{"class":63},[49,69790,341],{"class":85},[49,69792,64],{"class":63},[49,69794,17365],{"class":67},[49,69796,95],{"class":63},[49,69798,341],{"class":85},[49,69800,64],{"class":63},[49,69802,13018],{"class":67},[49,69804,95],{"class":63},[49,69806,1244],{"class":85},[49,69808,69809],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69810,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,69812,69813,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,69814,69815],{"class":55},"removed ",[49,69817,60],{"class":59},[49,69819,13032],{"class":55},[49,69821,32],{"class":85},[49,69823,26150],{"class":88},[49,69825,8548],{"class":85},[49,69827,69828],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,69829,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,69831,69832,69834,69836,69839],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,69833,110],{"class":109},[49,69835,92],{"class":85},[49,69837,69838],{"class":88},"removed",[49,69840,103],{"class":85},[49,69842,69843,69845,69847,69849],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,69844,110],{"class":109},[49,69846,92],{"class":85},[49,69848,17412],{"class":88},[49,69850,103],{"class":85},[20,69852,1974],{},[40,69854,69856],{"className":42,"code":69855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69857,69858,69863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69859,69860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69861,69862],{"class":55},"blue\n",[49,69864,69865,69867,69869,69871,69873,69875,69877,69879,69881],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69866,1256],{"class":85},[49,69868,1573],{"class":63},[49,69870,13001],{"class":67},[49,69872,1573],{"class":63},[49,69874,341],{"class":85},[49,69876,3202],{"class":63},[49,69878,17365],{"class":67},[49,69880,1573],{"class":63},[49,69882,1244],{"class":85},[181,69884,316],{"id":315},[40,69886,69888],{"className":42,"code":69887,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69889,69890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69891,69892,69894,69896,69898,69900,69902],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69893,8002],{"class":2804},[49,69895,32],{"class":85},[49,69897,26150],{"class":88},[49,69899,2889],{"class":85},[49,69901,1100],{"class":88},[49,69903,3794],{"class":85},[20,69905,661,69906,69908],{},[15,69907,1100],{}," is optional.",[194,69910,69911,69917,69923],{},[197,69912,69913,69914,69916],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69915,12670],{}," removes the last item",[197,69918,69919,69920,69922],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69921,12670],{}," removes the item at that position",[197,69924,69925],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69927,214],{},[40,69929,69931],{"className":42,"code":69930,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69932,69933,69965,69969,69988,69992,70002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,69934,69935,69937,69939,69941,69943,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,69936,35994],{"class":55},[49,69938,60],{"class":59},[49,69940,3530],{"class":85},[49,69942,95],{"class":63},[49,69944,820],{"class":67},[49,69946,95],{"class":63},[49,69948,341],{"class":85},[49,69950,64],{"class":63},[49,69952,4667],{"class":67},[49,69954,95],{"class":63},[49,69956,341],{"class":85},[49,69958,64],{"class":63},[49,69960,9646],{"class":67},[49,69962,95],{"class":63},[49,69964,1244],{"class":85},[49,69966,69967],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,69968,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,69970,69971,69973,69975,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,69972,28443],{"class":55},[49,69974,60],{"class":59},[49,69976,69977],{"class":55}," letters",[49,69979,32],{"class":85},[49,69981,26150],{"class":88},[49,69983,92],{"class":85},[49,69985,1223],{"class":458},[49,69987,103],{"class":85},[49,69989,69990],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,69991,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,69993,69994,69996,69998,70000],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,69995,110],{"class":109},[49,69997,92],{"class":85},[49,69999,23220],{"class":88},[49,70001,103],{"class":85},[49,70003,70004,70006,70008,70010],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,70005,110],{"class":109},[49,70007,92],{"class":85},[49,70009,36047],{"class":88},[49,70011,103],{"class":85},[20,70013,1974],{},[40,70015,70017],{"className":42,"code":70016,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70018,70019,70024],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70020,70021],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70022,70023],{"class":55},"b\n",[49,70025,70026,70028,70030,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70027,1256],{"class":85},[49,70029,1573],{"class":63},[49,70031,820],{"class":67},[49,70033,1573],{"class":63},[49,70035,341],{"class":85},[49,70037,3202],{"class":63},[49,70039,9646],{"class":67},[49,70041,1573],{"class":63},[49,70043,1244],{"class":85},[20,70045,70046,70047,32],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[820,70048,52669],{"href":50879},[181,70050,70052],{"id":70051},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70054,70055,70056,70058],{},"When you call ",[15,70057,12670],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[40,70060,70062],{"className":42,"code":70061,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70063,70064,70099,70103,70118,70122,70133],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70065,70066,70068,70070,70072,70074,70077,70079,70081,70083,70086,70088,70090,70092,70095,70097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70067,29803],{"class":55},[49,70069,60],{"class":59},[49,70071,3530],{"class":85},[49,70073,95],{"class":63},[49,70075,70076],{"class":67},"write",[49,70078,95],{"class":63},[49,70080,341],{"class":85},[49,70082,64],{"class":63},[49,70084,70085],{"class":67},"test",[49,70087,95],{"class":63},[49,70089,341],{"class":85},[49,70091,64],{"class":63},[49,70093,70094],{"class":67},"submit",[49,70096,95],{"class":63},[49,70098,1244],{"class":85},[49,70100,70101],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70102,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70104,70105,70108,70110,70112,70114,70116],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,70106,70107],{"class":55},"last_task ",[49,70109,60],{"class":59},[49,70111,29881],{"class":55},[49,70113,32],{"class":85},[49,70115,26150],{"class":88},[49,70117,8548],{"class":85},[49,70119,70120],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,70121,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70123,70124,70126,70128,70131],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,70125,110],{"class":109},[49,70127,92],{"class":85},[49,70129,70130],{"class":88},"last_task",[49,70132,103],{"class":85},[49,70134,70135,70137,70139,70141],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,70136,110],{"class":109},[49,70138,92],{"class":85},[49,70140,36410],{"class":88},[49,70142,103],{"class":85},[20,70144,1974],{},[40,70146,70148],{"className":42,"code":70147,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70149,70150,70155],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70151,70152],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70153,70154],{"class":55},"submit\n",[49,70156,70157,70159,70161,70163,70165,70167,70169,70171,70173],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70158,1256],{"class":85},[49,70160,1573],{"class":63},[49,70162,70076],{"class":67},[49,70164,1573],{"class":63},[49,70166,341],{"class":85},[49,70168,3202],{"class":63},[49,70170,70085],{"class":67},[49,70172,1573],{"class":63},[49,70174,1244],{"class":85},[20,70176,70177],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[181,70179,70181],{"id":70180},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70183,70184],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[40,70186,70188],{"className":42,"code":70187,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70189,70190,70230,70234,70252,70256,70266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70191,70192,70194,70196,70198,70200,70202,70204,70206,70208,70210,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220,70222,70224,70226,70228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70193,36143],{"class":55},[49,70195,60],{"class":59},[49,70197,3530],{"class":85},[49,70199,95],{"class":63},[49,70201,3985],{"class":67},[49,70203,95],{"class":63},[49,70205,341],{"class":85},[49,70207,64],{"class":63},[49,70209,230],{"class":67},[49,70211,95],{"class":63},[49,70213,341],{"class":85},[49,70215,64],{"class":63},[49,70217,4002],{"class":67},[49,70219,95],{"class":63},[49,70221,341],{"class":85},[49,70223,64],{"class":63},[49,70225,33128],{"class":67},[49,70227,95],{"class":63},[49,70229,1244],{"class":85},[49,70231,70232],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70233,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70235,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248,70250],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,70237,69815],{"class":55},[49,70239,60],{"class":59},[49,70241,52749],{"class":55},[49,70243,32],{"class":85},[49,70245,26150],{"class":88},[49,70247,92],{"class":85},[49,70249,1223],{"class":458},[49,70251,103],{"class":85},[49,70253,70254],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,70255,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70257,70258,70260,70262,70264],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,70259,110],{"class":109},[49,70261,92],{"class":85},[49,70263,69838],{"class":88},[49,70265,103],{"class":85},[49,70267,70268,70270,70272,70274],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,70269,110],{"class":109},[49,70271,92],{"class":85},[49,70273,36195],{"class":88},[49,70275,103],{"class":85},[20,70277,1974],{},[40,70279,70281],{"className":42,"code":70280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70282,70283,70288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70284,70285],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70286,70287],{"class":55},"banana\n",[49,70289,70290,70292,70294,70296,70298,70300,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70291,1256],{"class":85},[49,70293,1573],{"class":63},[49,70295,3985],{"class":67},[49,70297,1573],{"class":63},[49,70299,341],{"class":85},[49,70301,3202],{"class":63},[49,70303,4002],{"class":67},[49,70305,1573],{"class":63},[49,70307,341],{"class":85},[49,70309,3202],{"class":63},[49,70311,33128],{"class":67},[49,70313,1573],{"class":63},[49,70315,1244],{"class":85},[20,70317,70318],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[40,70320,70322],{"className":42,"code":70321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70323,70324,70356,70360,70380,70384,70394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70325,70326,70328,70330,70332,70334,70336,70338,70340,70342,70344,70346,70348,70350,70352,70354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70327,36143],{"class":55},[49,70329,60],{"class":59},[49,70331,3530],{"class":85},[49,70333,95],{"class":63},[49,70335,3985],{"class":67},[49,70337,95],{"class":63},[49,70339,341],{"class":85},[49,70341,64],{"class":63},[49,70343,230],{"class":67},[49,70345,95],{"class":63},[49,70347,341],{"class":85},[49,70349,64],{"class":63},[49,70351,4002],{"class":67},[49,70353,95],{"class":63},[49,70355,1244],{"class":85},[49,70357,70358],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70359,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70361,70362,70364,70366,70368,70370,70372,70374,70376,70378],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,70363,69815],{"class":55},[49,70365,60],{"class":59},[49,70367,52749],{"class":55},[49,70369,32],{"class":85},[49,70371,26150],{"class":88},[49,70373,92],{"class":85},[49,70375,1926],{"class":59},[49,70377,1223],{"class":458},[49,70379,103],{"class":85},[49,70381,70382],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,70383,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70385,70386,70388,70390,70392],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,70387,110],{"class":109},[49,70389,92],{"class":85},[49,70391,69838],{"class":88},[49,70393,103],{"class":85},[49,70395,70396,70398,70400,70402],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,70397,110],{"class":109},[49,70399,92],{"class":85},[49,70401,36195],{"class":88},[49,70403,103],{"class":85},[20,70405,1974],{},[40,70407,70409],{"className":42,"code":70408,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70410,70411,70416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70412,70413],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70414,70415],{"class":55},"cherry\n",[49,70417,70418,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428,70430,70432,70434],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70419,1256],{"class":85},[49,70421,1573],{"class":63},[49,70423,3985],{"class":67},[49,70425,1573],{"class":63},[49,70427,341],{"class":85},[49,70429,3202],{"class":63},[49,70431,230],{"class":67},[49,70433,1573],{"class":63},[49,70435,1244],{"class":85},[20,70437,70438,70439,70441],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70440,31],{}," means the last item.",[20,70443,70444,70445,32],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[820,70446,70447,1785],{"href":58861},[15,70448,64755],{},[181,70450,70452],{"id":70451},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70454,70455,70457],{},[15,70456,12670],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70459,70460,70461,380,70463,32],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70462,12670],{},[820,70464,70465],{"href":54969},[15,70466,55426],{},[20,70468,214],{},[40,70470,70472],{"className":42,"code":70471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70473,70474,70506,70510,70529,70533,70544],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70475,70476,70478,70480,70482,70484,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70477,4902],{"class":55},[49,70479,60],{"class":59},[49,70481,3530],{"class":85},[49,70483,95],{"class":63},[49,70485,12788],{"class":67},[49,70487,95],{"class":63},[49,70489,341],{"class":85},[49,70491,64],{"class":63},[49,70493,35846],{"class":67},[49,70495,95],{"class":63},[49,70497,341],{"class":85},[49,70499,64],{"class":63},[49,70501,35855],{"class":67},[49,70503,95],{"class":63},[49,70505,1244],{"class":85},[49,70507,70508],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70509,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70511,70512,70515,70517,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,70513,70514],{"class":55},"removed_name ",[49,70516,60],{"class":59},[49,70518,69458],{"class":55},[49,70520,32],{"class":85},[49,70522,26150],{"class":88},[49,70524,92],{"class":85},[49,70526,516],{"class":458},[49,70528,103],{"class":85},[49,70530,70531],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,70532,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70534,70535,70537,70539,70542],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,70536,110],{"class":109},[49,70538,92],{"class":85},[49,70540,70541],{"class":88},"removed_name",[49,70543,103],{"class":85},[49,70545,70546,70548,70550,70552],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,70547,110],{"class":109},[49,70549,92],{"class":85},[49,70551,4946],{"class":88},[49,70553,103],{"class":85},[20,70555,1974],{},[40,70557,70559],{"className":42,"code":70558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70560,70561,70565],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70562,70563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70564,49940],{"class":55},[49,70566,70567,70569,70571,70573,70575,70577,70579,70581,70583],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70568,1256],{"class":85},[49,70570,1573],{"class":63},[49,70572,35846],{"class":67},[49,70574,1573],{"class":63},[49,70576,341],{"class":85},[49,70578,3202],{"class":63},[49,70580,35855],{"class":67},[49,70582,1573],{"class":63},[49,70584,1244],{"class":85},[20,70586,70587],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70589,70590,70591,70593,70594,32],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70592,55426],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70595,3684],{},[181,70597,70599],{"id":70598},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[353,70601,70603],{"id":70602},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70605,70606,70607,70609,70610,32],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70608,12670],{}," raises an ",[15,70611,70612],{},"IndexError",[40,70614,70616],{"className":42,"code":70615,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70617,70618,70626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70619,70620,70622,70624],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70621,7687],{"class":55},[49,70623,60],{"class":59},[49,70625,7747],{"class":85},[49,70627,70628,70630,70632,70634],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70629,7718],{"class":55},[49,70631,32],{"class":85},[49,70633,26150],{"class":88},[49,70635,8548],{"class":85},[20,70637,1974],{},[40,70639,70641],{"className":42,"code":70640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70642,70643],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70644,70645,70647,70649,70652,70655,70658],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70646,70612],{"class":2804},[49,70648,1197],{"class":85},[49,70650,70651],{"class":55}," pop ",[49,70653,70654],{"class":1210},"from",[49,70656,70657],{"class":55}," empty ",[49,70659,49786],{"class":2804},[20,70661,39164],{},[194,70663,70664,70669],{},[197,70665,70666,70667],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70668,12670],{},[197,70670,70671,70672,380,70674],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70673,29709],{},[15,70675,29740],{},[20,70677,214],{},[40,70679,70681],{"className":42,"code":70680,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70682,70683,70691,70695,70703,70717,70723],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70684,70685,70687,70689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70686,7687],{"class":55},[49,70688,60],{"class":59},[49,70690,7747],{"class":85},[49,70692,70693],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70694,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70696,70697,70699,70701],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,70698,1211],{"class":1210},[49,70700,5873],{"class":55},[49,70702,1226],{"class":85},[49,70704,70705,70707,70709,70711,70713,70715],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,70706,1273],{"class":109},[49,70708,92],{"class":85},[49,70710,7718],{"class":88},[49,70712,32],{"class":85},[49,70714,26150],{"class":88},[49,70716,7100],{"class":85},[49,70718,70719,70721],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,70720,1416],{"class":1210},[49,70722,1226],{"class":85},[49,70724,70725,70727,70729,70731,70734,70736],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,70726,1273],{"class":109},[49,70728,92],{"class":85},[49,70730,95],{"class":63},[49,70732,70733],{"class":67},"The list is empty.",[49,70735,95],{"class":63},[49,70737,103],{"class":85},[353,70739,70741],{"id":70740},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70743,70744,70745,32],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70746,70612],{},[40,70748,70750],{"className":42,"code":70749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70751,70752,70772],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70753,70754,70756,70758,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70755,3525],{"class":55},[49,70757,60],{"class":59},[49,70759,3530],{"class":85},[49,70761,2233],{"class":458},[49,70763,341],{"class":85},[49,70765,7698],{"class":458},[49,70767,341],{"class":85},[49,70769,7703],{"class":458},[49,70771,1244],{"class":85},[49,70773,70774,70776,70778,70780,70782,70784],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70775,3556],{"class":55},[49,70777,32],{"class":85},[49,70779,26150],{"class":88},[49,70781,92],{"class":85},[49,70783,2040],{"class":458},[49,70785,103],{"class":85},[20,70787,1974],{},[40,70789,70791],{"className":42,"code":70790,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70792,70793],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70794,70795,70797,70799,70802],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70796,70612],{"class":2804},[49,70798,1197],{"class":85},[49,70800,70801],{"class":55}," pop index out of ",[49,70803,70804],{"class":109},"range\n",[20,70806,39164],{},[194,70808,70809,70814],{},[197,70810,70811,70812],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70813,42261],{},[197,70815,70816],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[40,70818,70820],{"className":42,"code":70819,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70821,70822,70842,70851,70855,70877,70895,70901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70823,70824,70826,70828,70830,70832,70834,70836,70838,70840],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70825,3525],{"class":55},[49,70827,60],{"class":59},[49,70829,3530],{"class":85},[49,70831,2233],{"class":458},[49,70833,341],{"class":85},[49,70835,7698],{"class":458},[49,70837,341],{"class":85},[49,70839,7703],{"class":458},[49,70841,1244],{"class":85},[49,70843,70844,70847,70849],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70845,70846],{"class":55},"index ",[49,70848,60],{"class":59},[49,70850,45489],{"class":458},[49,70852,70853],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,70854,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,70856,70857,70859,70861,70864,70867,70869,70871,70873,70875],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,70858,1211],{"class":1210},[49,70860,770],{"class":458},[49,70862,70863],{"class":59}," \u003C=",[49,70865,70866],{"class":55}," index ",[49,70868,3196],{"class":59},[49,70870,38289],{"class":109},[49,70872,92],{"class":85},[49,70874,3556],{"class":88},[49,70876,1396],{"class":85},[49,70878,70879,70881,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891,70893],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,70880,1273],{"class":109},[49,70882,92],{"class":85},[49,70884,3556],{"class":88},[49,70886,32],{"class":85},[49,70888,26150],{"class":88},[49,70890,92],{"class":85},[49,70892,1100],{"class":88},[49,70894,1581],{"class":85},[49,70896,70897,70899],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,70898,1416],{"class":1210},[49,70900,1226],{"class":85},[49,70902,70903,70905,70907,70909,70912,70914],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,70904,1273],{"class":109},[49,70906,92],{"class":85},[49,70908,95],{"class":63},[49,70910,70911],{"class":67},"Index is out of range.",[49,70913,95],{"class":63},[49,70915,103],{"class":85},[20,70917,70918,70919,32],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[820,70920,69141],{"href":69140},[353,70922,70924],{"id":70923},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70926,70927,70929],{},[15,70928,12670],{}," expects an integer index.",[40,70931,70933],{"className":42,"code":70932,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70934,70935,70955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70936,70937,70939,70941,70943,70945,70947,70949,70951,70953],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70938,3525],{"class":55},[49,70940,60],{"class":59},[49,70942,3530],{"class":85},[49,70944,2233],{"class":458},[49,70946,341],{"class":85},[49,70948,7698],{"class":458},[49,70950,341],{"class":85},[49,70952,7703],{"class":458},[49,70954,1244],{"class":85},[49,70956,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967,70969,70971],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,70958,3556],{"class":55},[49,70960,32],{"class":85},[49,70962,26150],{"class":88},[49,70964,92],{"class":85},[49,70966,95],{"class":63},[49,70968,1223],{"class":67},[49,70970,95],{"class":63},[49,70972,103],{"class":85},[20,70974,1974],{},[40,70976,70978],{"className":42,"code":70977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70979,70980],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,70981,70982,70984,70986,70988,70990,70992,70994,70997,71000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,70983,2909],{"class":2804},[49,70985,1197],{"class":85},[49,70987,3202],{"class":63},[49,70989,3349],{"class":67},[49,70991,1573],{"class":63},[49,70993,24527],{"class":2804},[49,70995,70996],{"class":55}," cannot be interpreted ",[49,70998,70999],{"class":1210},"as",[49,71001,71002],{"class":55}," an integer\n",[20,71004,39164],{},[194,71006,71007,71016],{},[197,71008,71009,71010,2091,71012,2095,71014],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71011,516],{},[15,71013,1223],{},[15,71015,31],{},[197,71017,71018],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[40,71020,71022],{"className":42,"code":71021,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71023,71024,71044,71062,71066,71084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71025,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71027,3525],{"class":55},[49,71029,60],{"class":59},[49,71031,3530],{"class":85},[49,71033,2233],{"class":458},[49,71035,341],{"class":85},[49,71037,7698],{"class":458},[49,71039,341],{"class":85},[49,71041,7703],{"class":458},[49,71043,1244],{"class":85},[49,71045,71046,71048,71050,71052,71054,71056,71058,71060],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71047,70846],{"class":55},[49,71049,60],{"class":59},[49,71051,45176],{"class":2804},[49,71053,92],{"class":85},[49,71055,95],{"class":63},[49,71057,1223],{"class":67},[49,71059,95],{"class":63},[49,71061,103],{"class":85},[49,71063,71064],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,71065,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,71067,71068,71070,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,71069,110],{"class":109},[49,71071,92],{"class":85},[49,71073,3556],{"class":88},[49,71075,32],{"class":85},[49,71077,26150],{"class":88},[49,71079,92],{"class":85},[49,71081,1100],{"class":88},[49,71083,1581],{"class":85},[49,71085,71086,71088,71090,71092],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,71087,110],{"class":109},[49,71089,92],{"class":85},[49,71091,3556],{"class":88},[49,71093,103],{"class":85},[20,71095,1974],{},[40,71097,71099],{"className":42,"code":71098,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71100,71101,71106],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71102,71103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71104,71105],{"class":458},"20\n",[49,71107,71108,71110,71112,71114,71116],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71109,1256],{"class":85},[49,71111,2233],{"class":458},[49,71113,341],{"class":85},[49,71115,7703],{"class":458},[49,71117,1244],{"class":85},[181,71119,71121],{"id":71120},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71123,71124],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[353,71126,35,71128,10508],{"id":71127},"use-pop-when",[15,71129,12670],{},[194,71131,71132,71135,71138],{},[197,71133,71134],{},"you want to remove by index",[197,71136,71137],{},"you want the removed item returned",[197,71139,71140],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[353,71142,35,71144,10508],{"id":71143},"use-remove-when",[15,71145,55426],{},[194,71147,71148,71151],{},[197,71149,71150],{},"you want to remove by value",[197,71152,71153],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71155,71156],{},"Compare these examples:",[40,71158,71160],{"className":42,"code":71159,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71161,71162,71186,71190,71208,71218],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71163,71164,71166,71168,71170,71172,71174,71176,71178,71180,71182,71184],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71165,3525],{"class":55},[49,71167,60],{"class":59},[49,71169,3530],{"class":85},[49,71171,2233],{"class":458},[49,71173,341],{"class":85},[49,71175,7698],{"class":458},[49,71177,341],{"class":85},[49,71179,7703],{"class":458},[49,71181,341],{"class":85},[49,71183,7698],{"class":458},[49,71185,1244],{"class":85},[49,71187,71188],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71189,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,71191,71192,71194,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204,71206],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,71193,69815],{"class":55},[49,71195,60],{"class":59},[49,71197,4169],{"class":55},[49,71199,32],{"class":85},[49,71201,26150],{"class":88},[49,71203,92],{"class":85},[49,71205,1223],{"class":458},[49,71207,103],{"class":85},[49,71209,71210,71212,71214,71216],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,71211,110],{"class":109},[49,71213,92],{"class":85},[49,71215,69838],{"class":88},[49,71217,103],{"class":85},[49,71219,71220,71222,71224,71226],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,71221,110],{"class":109},[49,71223,92],{"class":85},[49,71225,3556],{"class":88},[49,71227,103],{"class":85},[20,71229,1974],{},[40,71231,71233],{"className":42,"code":71232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71234,71235,71239],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71236,71237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71238,71105],{"class":458},[49,71240,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71242,1256],{"class":85},[49,71244,2233],{"class":458},[49,71246,341],{"class":85},[49,71248,7703],{"class":458},[49,71250,341],{"class":85},[49,71252,7698],{"class":458},[49,71254,1244],{"class":85},[40,71256,71258],{"className":42,"code":71257,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71259,71260,71284,71288,71302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71261,71262,71264,71266,71268,71270,71272,71274,71276,71278,71280,71282],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71263,3525],{"class":55},[49,71265,60],{"class":59},[49,71267,3530],{"class":85},[49,71269,2233],{"class":458},[49,71271,341],{"class":85},[49,71273,7698],{"class":458},[49,71275,341],{"class":85},[49,71277,7703],{"class":458},[49,71279,341],{"class":85},[49,71281,7698],{"class":458},[49,71283,1244],{"class":85},[49,71285,71286],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71287,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,71289,71290,71292,71294,71296,71298,71300],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,71291,3556],{"class":55},[49,71293,32],{"class":85},[49,71295,34701],{"class":88},[49,71297,92],{"class":85},[49,71299,15665],{"class":458},[49,71301,103],{"class":85},[49,71303,71304,71306,71308,71310],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,71305,110],{"class":109},[49,71307,92],{"class":85},[49,71309,3556],{"class":88},[49,71311,103],{"class":85},[20,71313,1974],{},[40,71315,71317],{"className":42,"code":71316,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71318,71319],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71320,71321,71323,71325,71327,71329,71331,71333],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71322,1256],{"class":85},[49,71324,2233],{"class":458},[49,71326,341],{"class":85},[49,71328,7703],{"class":458},[49,71330,341],{"class":85},[49,71332,7698],{"class":458},[49,71334,1244],{"class":85},[20,71336,71337,71338,71341,71342,32],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71339,71340],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71343,1223],{},[20,71345,56502,71346,71349,71350,32],{},[15,71347,71348],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71351,15665],{},[20,71353,71354,71355,32],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[820,71356,54966],{"href":54965},[181,71358,1308],{"id":1307},[20,71360,71361,71362,1197],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71363,12670],{},[194,71365,71366,71369,71372,71378,71382],{},[197,71367,71368],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[197,71370,71371],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[197,71373,1339,71374,1342,71376],{},[15,71375,12670],{},[15,71377,55426],{},[197,71379,1318,71380,61862],{},[15,71381,12670],{},[197,71383,71384],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71386,71387],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[40,71389,71391],{"className":42,"code":71390,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71392,71393,71403,71417,71431,71449],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71394,71395,71397,71399,71401],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71396,110],{"class":109},[49,71398,92],{"class":85},[49,71400,8248],{"class":88},[49,71402,103],{"class":85},[49,71404,71405,71407,71409,71411,71413,71415],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71406,110],{"class":109},[49,71408,92],{"class":85},[49,71410,1631],{"class":109},[49,71412,92],{"class":85},[49,71414,8248],{"class":88},[49,71416,1581],{"class":85},[49,71418,71419,71421,71423,71425,71427,71429],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,71420,110],{"class":109},[49,71422,92],{"class":85},[49,71424,8248],{"class":88},[49,71426,32],{"class":85},[49,71428,26150],{"class":88},[49,71430,7100],{"class":85},[49,71432,71433,71435,71437,71439,71441,71443,71445,71447],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,71434,110],{"class":109},[49,71436,92],{"class":85},[49,71438,8248],{"class":88},[49,71440,32],{"class":85},[49,71442,26150],{"class":88},[49,71444,92],{"class":85},[49,71446,516],{"class":458},[49,71448,1581],{"class":85},[49,71450,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459,71461],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,71452,110],{"class":109},[49,71454,92],{"class":85},[49,71456,3127],{"class":2804},[49,71458,92],{"class":85},[49,71460,1100],{"class":88},[49,71462,1581],{"class":85},[20,71464,71465],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[194,71467,71468,71474],{},[197,71469,71470,71473],{},[15,71471,71472],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[197,71475,71476,71479],{},[15,71477,71478],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71481,71482,71483,71486],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71484,71485],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[181,71488,1704],{"id":1703},[353,71490,71492],{"id":71491},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71494,71495,71496,71498],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71497,12670],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[353,71500,71502],{"id":71501},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71504,71505,71507,71508,71510,71511,32],{},[15,71506,12670],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71509,55426],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71512,3684],{},[353,71514,71516],{"id":71515},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71518,71519,71520,71523],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71521,71522],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[353,71525,71527],{"id":71526},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71529,71530,71531,71533],{},"Python raises ",[15,71532,70612],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[181,71535,1775],{"id":1774},[194,71537,71538,71542,71547,71552,71557],{},[197,71539,71540],{},[820,71541,55412],{"href":54965},[197,71543,71544],{},[820,71545,71546],{"href":54969},"Python list remove() method",[197,71548,71549],{},[820,71550,71551],{"href":58861},"Python list index() method",[197,71553,71554],{},[820,71555,71556],{"href":50879},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[197,71558,71559],{},[820,71560,69141],{"href":69140},[1834,71562,71563],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":71565},[71566,71567,71568,71569,71570,71571,71572,71577,71583,71584,71590],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":69741,"depth":74,"text":69742},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":70051,"depth":74,"text":70052},{"id":70180,"depth":74,"text":70181},{"id":70451,"depth":74,"text":70452},{"id":70598,"depth":74,"text":70599,"children":71573},[71574,71575,71576],{"id":70602,"depth":106,"text":70603},{"id":70740,"depth":106,"text":70741},{"id":70923,"depth":106,"text":70924},{"id":71120,"depth":74,"text":71121,"children":71578},[71579,71581],{"id":71127,"depth":106,"text":71580},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71143,"depth":106,"text":71582},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":71585},[71586,71587,71588,71589],{"id":71491,"depth":106,"text":71492},{"id":71501,"depth":106,"text":71502},{"id":71515,"depth":106,"text":71516},{"id":71526,"depth":106,"text":71527},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69608,"description":71591},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71598,"title":71599,"body":71600,"description":73384,"extension":1866,"meta":73385,"navigation":128,"path":73386,"seo":73387,"stem":73388,"__hash__":73389},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71601,"toc":73366},[71602,71605,71610,71616,71618,71688,71694,71698,71703,71724,71727,71794,71796,71817,71825,71827,71846,71862,71864,71929,71931,71956,71958,71960,72025,72027,72052,72054,72068,72071,72124,72126,72147,72151,72159,72232,72234,72267,72273,72279,72370,72372,72397,72403,72491,72493,72517,72519,72523,72578,72580,72612,72615,72618,72712,72714,72747,72753,72759,72763,72770,72796,72800,72865,72867,72892,72896,72977,72979,73008,73013,73018,73024,73028,73035,73057,73061,73120,73122,73146,73155,73160,73162,73166,73195,73197,73272,73275,73289,73295,73297,73301,73304,73308,73313,73317,73326,73330,73338,73340,73363],[10,71603,71599],{"id":71604},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71606,661,71607,71609],{},[15,71608,54972],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71611,71612,71613,71615],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[666,71614,338],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[181,71617,1907],{"id":1906},[40,71619,71621],{"className":42,"code":71620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71622,71623,71655,71673,71683],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71624,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71626,7687],{"class":55},[49,71628,60],{"class":59},[49,71630,3530],{"class":85},[49,71632,95],{"class":63},[49,71634,3985],{"class":67},[49,71636,95],{"class":63},[49,71638,341],{"class":85},[49,71640,64],{"class":63},[49,71642,230],{"class":67},[49,71644,95],{"class":63},[49,71646,341],{"class":85},[49,71648,64],{"class":63},[49,71650,33128],{"class":67},[49,71652,95],{"class":63},[49,71654,1244],{"class":85},[49,71656,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665,71667,71669,71671],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71658,7718],{"class":55},[49,71660,32],{"class":85},[49,71662,34701],{"class":88},[49,71664,92],{"class":85},[49,71666,95],{"class":63},[49,71668,230],{"class":67},[49,71670,95],{"class":63},[49,71672,103],{"class":85},[49,71674,71675,71677,71679,71681],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,71676,110],{"class":109},[49,71678,92],{"class":85},[49,71680,7718],{"class":88},[49,71682,103],{"class":85},[49,71684,71685],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,71686,71687],{"class":121},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71689,35,71690,71693],{},[15,71691,71692],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[181,71695,71697],{"id":71696},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71699,71700,71702],{},[15,71701,55426],{}," is a list method that:",[194,71704,71705,71711,71716,71721],{},[197,71706,71707,71708,71710],{},"Deletes the ",[666,71709,29814],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[197,71712,71713,71714],{},"Changes the original list ",[666,71715,11240],{},[197,71717,1720,71718,71720],{},[666,71719,4536],{}," return a new list",[197,71722,71723],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71725,71726],{},"This is important for beginners:",[40,71728,71730],{"className":42,"code":71729,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71731,71732,71752,71770,71774,71784],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71733,71734,71736,71738,71740,71742,71744,71746,71748,71750],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71735,3525],{"class":55},[49,71737,60],{"class":59},[49,71739,3530],{"class":85},[49,71741,1223],{"class":458},[49,71743,341],{"class":85},[49,71745,2896],{"class":458},[49,71747,341],{"class":85},[49,71749,2354],{"class":458},[49,71751,1244],{"class":85},[49,71753,71754,71756,71758,71760,71762,71764,71766,71768],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71755,2131],{"class":55},[49,71757,60],{"class":59},[49,71759,4169],{"class":55},[49,71761,32],{"class":85},[49,71763,34701],{"class":88},[49,71765,92],{"class":85},[49,71767,312],{"class":458},[49,71769,103],{"class":85},[49,71771,71772],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,71773,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,71775,71776,71778,71780,71782],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,71777,110],{"class":109},[49,71779,92],{"class":85},[49,71781,3556],{"class":88},[49,71783,103],{"class":85},[49,71785,71786,71788,71790,71792],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,71787,110],{"class":109},[49,71789,92],{"class":85},[49,71791,2166],{"class":88},[49,71793,103],{"class":85},[20,71795,1974],{},[40,71797,71799],{"className":42,"code":71798,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71800,71801,71813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71802,71803,71805,71807,71809,71811],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71804,1256],{"class":85},[49,71806,1223],{"class":458},[49,71808,341],{"class":85},[49,71810,2354],{"class":458},[49,71812,1244],{"class":85},[49,71814,71815],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71816,11715],{"class":3757},[20,71818,71819,71820,71822,71823,32],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71821,55426],{}," itself returned ",[15,71824,3684],{},[181,71826,5338],{"id":5337},[40,71828,71830],{"className":42,"code":71829,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71831,71832],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71833,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71835,8002],{"class":2804},[49,71837,32],{"class":85},[49,71839,34701],{"class":88},[49,71841,92],{"class":85},[49,71843,338],{"class":88},[49,71845,103],{"class":85},[194,71847,71848,71853,71856],{},[197,71849,71850,71852],{},[15,71851,338],{}," is the item you want to delete",[197,71854,71855],{},"Python searches from left to right",[197,71857,71858,71859,71861],{},"Only the ",[666,71860,29814],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71863,214],{},[40,71865,71867],{"className":42,"code":71866,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71868,71869,71901,71919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71870,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71872,35994],{"class":55},[49,71874,60],{"class":59},[49,71876,3530],{"class":85},[49,71878,95],{"class":63},[49,71880,820],{"class":67},[49,71882,95],{"class":63},[49,71884,341],{"class":85},[49,71886,64],{"class":63},[49,71888,4667],{"class":67},[49,71890,95],{"class":63},[49,71892,341],{"class":85},[49,71894,64],{"class":63},[49,71896,9646],{"class":67},[49,71898,95],{"class":63},[49,71900,1244],{"class":85},[49,71902,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,71904,36047],{"class":55},[49,71906,32],{"class":85},[49,71908,34701],{"class":88},[49,71910,92],{"class":85},[49,71912,95],{"class":63},[49,71914,4667],{"class":67},[49,71916,95],{"class":63},[49,71918,103],{"class":85},[49,71920,71921,71923,71925,71927],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,71922,110],{"class":109},[49,71924,92],{"class":85},[49,71926,36047],{"class":88},[49,71928,103],{"class":85},[20,71930,1974],{},[40,71932,71934],{"className":42,"code":71933,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71935,71936],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71937,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71939,1256],{"class":85},[49,71941,1573],{"class":63},[49,71943,820],{"class":67},[49,71945,1573],{"class":63},[49,71947,341],{"class":85},[49,71949,3202],{"class":63},[49,71951,9646],{"class":67},[49,71953,1573],{"class":63},[49,71955,1244],{"class":85},[181,71957,5694],{"id":5693},[20,71959,65060],{},[40,71961,71963],{"className":42,"code":71962,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71964,71965,71997,72015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,71966,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,71968,12984],{"class":55},[49,71970,60],{"class":59},[49,71972,3530],{"class":85},[49,71974,95],{"class":63},[49,71976,13001],{"class":67},[49,71978,95],{"class":63},[49,71980,341],{"class":85},[49,71982,64],{"class":63},[49,71984,13018],{"class":67},[49,71986,95],{"class":63},[49,71988,341],{"class":85},[49,71990,64],{"class":63},[49,71992,17365],{"class":67},[49,71994,95],{"class":63},[49,71996,1244],{"class":85},[49,71998,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,72000,17412],{"class":55},[49,72002,32],{"class":85},[49,72004,34701],{"class":88},[49,72006,92],{"class":85},[49,72008,95],{"class":63},[49,72010,13018],{"class":67},[49,72012,95],{"class":63},[49,72014,103],{"class":85},[49,72016,72017,72019,72021,72023],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,72018,110],{"class":109},[49,72020,92],{"class":85},[49,72022,17412],{"class":88},[49,72024,103],{"class":85},[20,72026,1974],{},[40,72028,72030],{"className":42,"code":72029,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72031,72032],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72033,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72035,1256],{"class":85},[49,72037,1573],{"class":63},[49,72039,13001],{"class":67},[49,72041,1573],{"class":63},[49,72043,341],{"class":85},[49,72045,3202],{"class":63},[49,72047,17365],{"class":67},[49,72049,1573],{"class":63},[49,72051,1244],{"class":85},[20,72053,11590],{},[194,72055,72056,72059,72065],{},[197,72057,72058],{},"A list is created with three values",[197,72060,72061,72064],{},[15,72062,72063],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[197,72066,72067],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72069,72070],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[40,72072,72074],{"className":42,"code":72073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72075,72076,72100,72114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72077,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096,72098],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72079,4971],{"class":55},[49,72081,60],{"class":59},[49,72083,3530],{"class":85},[49,72085,2233],{"class":458},[49,72087,341],{"class":85},[49,72089,7698],{"class":458},[49,72091,341],{"class":85},[49,72093,7703],{"class":458},[49,72095,341],{"class":85},[49,72097,50744],{"class":458},[49,72099,1244],{"class":85},[49,72101,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,72103,16300],{"class":55},[49,72105,32],{"class":85},[49,72107,34701],{"class":88},[49,72109,92],{"class":85},[49,72111,36746],{"class":458},[49,72113,103],{"class":85},[49,72115,72116,72118,72120,72122],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,72117,110],{"class":109},[49,72119,92],{"class":85},[49,72121,16300],{"class":88},[49,72123,103],{"class":85},[20,72125,1974],{},[40,72127,72129],{"className":42,"code":72128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72130,72131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72132,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72134,1256],{"class":85},[49,72136,2233],{"class":458},[49,72138,341],{"class":85},[49,72140,7698],{"class":458},[49,72142,341],{"class":85},[49,72144,50744],{"class":458},[49,72146,1244],{"class":85},[181,72148,72150],{"id":72149},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72152,65050,72153,72155,72156,72158],{},[15,72154,55426],{}," deletes only the ",[666,72157,29814],{}," one.",[40,72160,72162],{"className":42,"code":72161,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72163,72164,72204,72222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72165,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72167,7687],{"class":55},[49,72169,60],{"class":59},[49,72171,3530],{"class":85},[49,72173,95],{"class":63},[49,72175,3985],{"class":67},[49,72177,95],{"class":63},[49,72179,341],{"class":85},[49,72181,64],{"class":63},[49,72183,230],{"class":67},[49,72185,95],{"class":63},[49,72187,341],{"class":85},[49,72189,64],{"class":63},[49,72191,3985],{"class":67},[49,72193,95],{"class":63},[49,72195,341],{"class":85},[49,72197,64],{"class":63},[49,72199,33128],{"class":67},[49,72201,95],{"class":63},[49,72203,1244],{"class":85},[49,72205,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,72207,7718],{"class":55},[49,72209,32],{"class":85},[49,72211,34701],{"class":88},[49,72213,92],{"class":85},[49,72215,95],{"class":63},[49,72217,3985],{"class":67},[49,72219,95],{"class":63},[49,72221,103],{"class":85},[49,72223,72224,72226,72228,72230],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,72225,110],{"class":109},[49,72227,92],{"class":85},[49,72229,7718],{"class":88},[49,72231,103],{"class":85},[20,72233,1974],{},[40,72235,72237],{"className":42,"code":72236,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72238,72239],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72240,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72242,1256],{"class":85},[49,72244,1573],{"class":63},[49,72246,230],{"class":67},[49,72248,1573],{"class":63},[49,72250,341],{"class":85},[49,72252,3202],{"class":63},[49,72254,3985],{"class":67},[49,72256,1573],{"class":63},[49,72258,341],{"class":85},[49,72260,3202],{"class":63},[49,72262,33128],{"class":67},[49,72264,1573],{"class":63},[49,72266,1244],{"class":85},[20,72268,72269,72270,72272],{},"Only the first ",[15,72271,57729],{}," was removed.",[20,72274,72275,72276,72278],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72277,55426],{}," again:",[40,72280,72282],{"className":42,"code":72281,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72283,72284,72324,72342,72360],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72285,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320,72322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72287,7687],{"class":55},[49,72289,60],{"class":59},[49,72291,3530],{"class":85},[49,72293,95],{"class":63},[49,72295,3985],{"class":67},[49,72297,95],{"class":63},[49,72299,341],{"class":85},[49,72301,64],{"class":63},[49,72303,230],{"class":67},[49,72305,95],{"class":63},[49,72307,341],{"class":85},[49,72309,64],{"class":63},[49,72311,3985],{"class":67},[49,72313,95],{"class":63},[49,72315,341],{"class":85},[49,72317,64],{"class":63},[49,72319,33128],{"class":67},[49,72321,95],{"class":63},[49,72323,1244],{"class":85},[49,72325,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,72327,7718],{"class":55},[49,72329,32],{"class":85},[49,72331,34701],{"class":88},[49,72333,92],{"class":85},[49,72335,95],{"class":63},[49,72337,3985],{"class":67},[49,72339,95],{"class":63},[49,72341,103],{"class":85},[49,72343,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,72345,7718],{"class":55},[49,72347,32],{"class":85},[49,72349,34701],{"class":88},[49,72351,92],{"class":85},[49,72353,95],{"class":63},[49,72355,3985],{"class":67},[49,72357,95],{"class":63},[49,72359,103],{"class":85},[49,72361,72362,72364,72366,72368],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,72363,110],{"class":109},[49,72365,92],{"class":85},[49,72367,7718],{"class":88},[49,72369,103],{"class":85},[20,72371,1974],{},[40,72373,72375],{"className":42,"code":72374,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72376,72377],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72378,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72380,1256],{"class":85},[49,72382,1573],{"class":63},[49,72384,230],{"class":67},[49,72386,1573],{"class":63},[49,72388,341],{"class":85},[49,72390,3202],{"class":63},[49,72392,33128],{"class":67},[49,72394,1573],{"class":63},[49,72396,1244],{"class":85},[20,72398,72399,72400,72402],{},"If you need to remove ",[666,72401,3621],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[40,72404,72406],{"className":42,"code":72405,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72407,72408,72448,72481],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72409,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72411,7687],{"class":55},[49,72413,60],{"class":59},[49,72415,3530],{"class":85},[49,72417,95],{"class":63},[49,72419,3985],{"class":67},[49,72421,95],{"class":63},[49,72423,341],{"class":85},[49,72425,64],{"class":63},[49,72427,230],{"class":67},[49,72429,95],{"class":63},[49,72431,341],{"class":85},[49,72433,64],{"class":63},[49,72435,3985],{"class":67},[49,72437,95],{"class":63},[49,72439,341],{"class":85},[49,72441,64],{"class":63},[49,72443,33128],{"class":67},[49,72445,95],{"class":63},[49,72447,1244],{"class":85},[49,72449,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,72451,7687],{"class":55},[49,72453,60],{"class":59},[49,72455,3530],{"class":85},[49,72457,28443],{"class":55},[49,72459,5865],{"class":1210},[49,72461,5868],{"class":55},[49,72463,3788],{"class":1210},[49,72465,72466],{"class":55}," items ",[49,72468,1211],{"class":1210},[49,72470,5868],{"class":55},[49,72472,1217],{"class":59},[49,72474,64],{"class":63},[49,72476,3985],{"class":67},[49,72478,95],{"class":63},[49,72480,1244],{"class":85},[49,72482,72483,72485,72487,72489],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,72484,110],{"class":109},[49,72486,92],{"class":85},[49,72488,7718],{"class":88},[49,72490,103],{"class":85},[20,72492,1974],{},[40,72494,72495],{"className":42,"code":72374,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,72496,72497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72498,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72500,1256],{"class":85},[49,72502,1573],{"class":63},[49,72504,230],{"class":67},[49,72506,1573],{"class":63},[49,72508,341],{"class":85},[49,72510,3202],{"class":63},[49,72512,33128],{"class":67},[49,72514,1573],{"class":63},[49,72516,1244],{"class":85},[181,72518,65515],{"id":65514},[20,72520,65518,72521,32],{},[15,72522,1010],{},[40,72524,72526],{"className":42,"code":72525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72527,72528,72560],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72529,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72531,7687],{"class":55},[49,72533,60],{"class":59},[49,72535,3530],{"class":85},[49,72537,95],{"class":63},[49,72539,3985],{"class":67},[49,72541,95],{"class":63},[49,72543,341],{"class":85},[49,72545,64],{"class":63},[49,72547,230],{"class":67},[49,72549,95],{"class":63},[49,72551,341],{"class":85},[49,72553,64],{"class":63},[49,72555,33128],{"class":67},[49,72557,95],{"class":63},[49,72559,1244],{"class":85},[49,72561,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572,72574,72576],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,72563,7718],{"class":55},[49,72565,32],{"class":85},[49,72567,34701],{"class":88},[49,72569,92],{"class":85},[49,72571,95],{"class":63},[49,72573,22442],{"class":67},[49,72575,95],{"class":63},[49,72577,103],{"class":85},[20,72579,1974],{},[40,72581,72583],{"className":42,"code":72582,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72584,72585],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72586,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601,72603,72605,72607,72609],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72588,1010],{"class":2804},[49,72590,1197],{"class":85},[49,72592,22469],{"class":2804},[49,72594,32],{"class":85},[49,72596,34701],{"class":88},[49,72598,92],{"class":85},[49,72600,283],{"class":88},[49,72602,16363],{"class":85},[49,72604,3785],{"class":55},[49,72606,4536],{"class":59},[49,72608,21083],{"class":59},[49,72610,72611],{"class":2804}," list\n",[20,72613,72614],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72616,72617],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[40,72619,72621],{"className":42,"code":72620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72622,72623,72655,72667,72671,72683,72698,72702],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72624,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72626,7687],{"class":55},[49,72628,60],{"class":59},[49,72630,3530],{"class":85},[49,72632,95],{"class":63},[49,72634,3985],{"class":67},[49,72636,95],{"class":63},[49,72638,341],{"class":85},[49,72640,64],{"class":63},[49,72642,230],{"class":67},[49,72644,95],{"class":63},[49,72646,341],{"class":85},[49,72648,64],{"class":63},[49,72650,33128],{"class":67},[49,72652,95],{"class":63},[49,72654,1244],{"class":85},[49,72656,72657,72659,72661,72663,72665],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,72658,2349],{"class":55},[49,72660,60],{"class":59},[49,72662,64],{"class":63},[49,72664,22442],{"class":67},[49,72666,71],{"class":63},[49,72668,72669],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,72670,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,72672,72673,72675,72677,72679,72681],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,72674,1211],{"class":1210},[49,72676,21494],{"class":55},[49,72678,3788],{"class":59},[49,72680,5873],{"class":55},[49,72682,1226],{"class":85},[49,72684,72685,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,72686,72687],{"class":55},"    items",[49,72689,32],{"class":85},[49,72691,34701],{"class":88},[49,72693,92],{"class":85},[49,72695,338],{"class":88},[49,72697,103],{"class":85},[49,72699,72700],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,72701,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,72703,72704,72706,72708,72710],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,72705,110],{"class":109},[49,72707,92],{"class":85},[49,72709,7718],{"class":88},[49,72711,103],{"class":85},[20,72713,1974],{},[40,72715,72717],{"className":42,"code":72716,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72718,72719],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72720,72721,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739,72741,72743,72745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72722,1256],{"class":85},[49,72724,1573],{"class":63},[49,72726,3985],{"class":67},[49,72728,1573],{"class":63},[49,72730,341],{"class":85},[49,72732,3202],{"class":63},[49,72734,230],{"class":67},[49,72736,1573],{"class":63},[49,72738,341],{"class":85},[49,72740,3202],{"class":63},[49,72742,33128],{"class":67},[49,72744,1573],{"class":63},[49,72746,1244],{"class":85},[20,72748,72749,72750,72752],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72751,55426],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72754,72755,72756,32],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[820,72757,65724],{"href":72758},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[181,72760,72762],{"id":72761},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72764,72765,380,72767,72769],{},[15,72766,55426],{},[15,72768,12670],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[194,72771,72772,72779,72785,72791],{},[197,72773,72774,72776,72777],{},[15,72775,55426],{}," deletes by ",[666,72778,338],{},[197,72780,72781,72776,72783],{},[15,72782,12670],{},[666,72784,1100],{},[197,72786,72787,1000,72789],{},[15,72788,55426],{},[15,72790,3684],{},[197,72792,72793,72795],{},[15,72794,12670],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72797,45939,72798,1197],{},[15,72799,55426],{},[40,72801,72803],{"className":42,"code":72802,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72804,72805,72837,72855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72806,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72808,7687],{"class":55},[49,72810,60],{"class":59},[49,72812,3530],{"class":85},[49,72814,95],{"class":63},[49,72816,3985],{"class":67},[49,72818,95],{"class":63},[49,72820,341],{"class":85},[49,72822,64],{"class":63},[49,72824,230],{"class":67},[49,72826,95],{"class":63},[49,72828,341],{"class":85},[49,72830,64],{"class":63},[49,72832,33128],{"class":67},[49,72834,95],{"class":63},[49,72836,1244],{"class":85},[49,72838,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,72840,7718],{"class":55},[49,72842,32],{"class":85},[49,72844,34701],{"class":88},[49,72846,92],{"class":85},[49,72848,95],{"class":63},[49,72850,230],{"class":67},[49,72852,95],{"class":63},[49,72854,103],{"class":85},[49,72856,72857,72859,72861,72863],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,72858,110],{"class":109},[49,72860,92],{"class":85},[49,72862,7718],{"class":88},[49,72864,103],{"class":85},[20,72866,1974],{},[40,72868,72870],{"className":42,"code":72869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72871,72872],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72873,72874,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72875,1256],{"class":85},[49,72877,1573],{"class":63},[49,72879,3985],{"class":67},[49,72881,1573],{"class":63},[49,72883,341],{"class":85},[49,72885,3202],{"class":63},[49,72887,33128],{"class":67},[49,72889,1573],{"class":63},[49,72891,1244],{"class":85},[20,72893,45939,72894,1197],{},[15,72895,12670],{},[40,72897,72899],{"className":42,"code":72898,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72900,72901,72933,72952,72956,72966],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72902,72903,72905,72907,72909,72911,72913,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72904,7687],{"class":55},[49,72906,60],{"class":59},[49,72908,3530],{"class":85},[49,72910,95],{"class":63},[49,72912,3985],{"class":67},[49,72914,95],{"class":63},[49,72916,341],{"class":85},[49,72918,64],{"class":63},[49,72920,230],{"class":67},[49,72922,95],{"class":63},[49,72924,341],{"class":85},[49,72926,64],{"class":63},[49,72928,33128],{"class":67},[49,72930,95],{"class":63},[49,72932,1244],{"class":85},[49,72934,72935,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,72936,72937],{"class":55},"removed_item ",[49,72939,60],{"class":59},[49,72941,5873],{"class":55},[49,72943,32],{"class":85},[49,72945,26150],{"class":88},[49,72947,92],{"class":85},[49,72949,1223],{"class":458},[49,72951,103],{"class":85},[49,72953,72954],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,72955,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,72957,72958,72960,72962,72964],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,72959,110],{"class":109},[49,72961,92],{"class":85},[49,72963,7718],{"class":88},[49,72965,103],{"class":85},[49,72967,72968,72970,72972,72975],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,72969,110],{"class":109},[49,72971,92],{"class":85},[49,72973,72974],{"class":88},"removed_item",[49,72976,103],{"class":85},[20,72978,1974],{},[40,72980,72982],{"className":42,"code":72981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72983,72984,73004],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,72985,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,72987,1256],{"class":85},[49,72989,1573],{"class":63},[49,72991,3985],{"class":67},[49,72993,1573],{"class":63},[49,72995,341],{"class":85},[49,72997,3202],{"class":63},[49,72999,33128],{"class":67},[49,73001,1573],{"class":63},[49,73003,1244],{"class":85},[49,73005,73006],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,73007,70287],{"class":55},[20,73009,35,73010,73012],{},[15,73011,55426],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73014,35,73015,73017],{},[15,73016,12670],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73019,73020,73021,32],{},"For more detail, see the ",[820,73022,73023],{"href":54976},"Python list pop() method",[181,73025,73027],{"id":73026},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73029,73030,380,73032,73034],{},[15,73031,55426],{},[15,73033,26932],{}," are also different.",[194,73036,73037,73042,73047,73052],{},[197,73038,73039,73041],{},[15,73040,55426],{}," deletes by matching value",[197,73043,73044,73046],{},[15,73045,26932],{}," deletes by index or slice",[197,73048,35,73049,73051],{},[15,73050,26932],{}," when you know the position",[197,73053,35,73054,73056],{},[15,73055,55426],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73058,45939,73059,1197],{},[15,73060,26932],{},[40,73062,73064],{"className":42,"code":73063,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73065,73066,73098,73110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73067,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076,73078,73080,73082,73084,73086,73088,73090,73092,73094,73096],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73069,7687],{"class":55},[49,73071,60],{"class":59},[49,73073,3530],{"class":85},[49,73075,95],{"class":63},[49,73077,3985],{"class":67},[49,73079,95],{"class":63},[49,73081,341],{"class":85},[49,73083,64],{"class":63},[49,73085,230],{"class":67},[49,73087,95],{"class":63},[49,73089,341],{"class":85},[49,73091,64],{"class":63},[49,73093,33128],{"class":67},[49,73095,95],{"class":63},[49,73097,1244],{"class":85},[49,73099,73100,73102,73104,73106,73108],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,73101,26932],{"class":1210},[49,73103,5873],{"class":55},[49,73105,1256],{"class":85},[49,73107,1223],{"class":458},[49,73109,1244],{"class":85},[49,73111,73112,73114,73116,73118],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,73113,110],{"class":109},[49,73115,92],{"class":85},[49,73117,7718],{"class":88},[49,73119,103],{"class":85},[20,73121,1974],{},[40,73123,73124],{"className":42,"code":72869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,73125,73126],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73127,73128,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73129,1256],{"class":85},[49,73131,1573],{"class":63},[49,73133,3985],{"class":67},[49,73135,1573],{"class":63},[49,73137,341],{"class":85},[49,73139,3202],{"class":63},[49,73141,33128],{"class":67},[49,73143,1573],{"class":63},[49,73145,1244],{"class":85},[20,73147,73148,73149,73151,73152,73154],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73150,1223],{},", not the value ",[15,73153,65160],{}," directly.",[20,73156,73157,73158,32],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[820,73159,54966],{"href":54965},[181,73161,1308],{"id":1307},[20,73163,21121,73164,1197],{},[15,73165,55426],{},[194,73167,73168,73171,73176,73183,73192],{},[197,73169,73170],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[197,73172,1318,73173,73175],{},[15,73174,55426],{}," to delete all matching values",[197,73177,12502,73178,73180,73181],{},[15,73179,55426],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73182,3684],{},[197,73184,644,73185,44529,73187,634,73189,73191],{},[15,73186,55426],{},[15,73188,12670],{},[15,73190,26932],{}," would be a better fit",[197,73193,73194],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73196,71387],{},[40,73198,73200],{"className":42,"code":73199,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73201,73202,73212,73226,73244,73258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73203,73204,73206,73208,73210],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73205,110],{"class":109},[49,73207,92],{"class":85},[49,73209,8248],{"class":88},[49,73211,103],{"class":85},[49,73213,73214,73216,73218,73220,73222,73224],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,73215,110],{"class":109},[49,73217,92],{"class":85},[49,73219,2349],{"class":88},[49,73221,3788],{"class":1210},[49,73223,8304],{"class":88},[49,73225,103],{"class":85},[49,73227,73228,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238,73240,73242],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,73229,110],{"class":109},[49,73231,92],{"class":85},[49,73233,8248],{"class":88},[49,73235,32],{"class":85},[49,73237,41160],{"class":88},[49,73239,92],{"class":85},[49,73241,338],{"class":88},[49,73243,1581],{"class":85},[49,73245,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,73247,110],{"class":109},[49,73249,92],{"class":85},[49,73251,3127],{"class":2804},[49,73253,92],{"class":85},[49,73255,8248],{"class":88},[49,73257,1581],{"class":85},[49,73259,73260,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,73261,32059],{"class":109},[49,73263,92],{"class":85},[49,73265,8002],{"class":2804},[49,73267,32],{"class":85},[49,73269,34701],{"class":24660},[49,73271,103],{"class":85},[20,73273,73274],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[194,73276,73277,73280,73283,73286],{},[197,73278,73279],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[197,73281,73282],{},"How many times does it appear?",[197,73284,73285],{},"Am I working with a list?",[197,73287,73288],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73290,73291,73292,73294],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[820,73293,71551],{"href":58861}," may also help.",[181,73296,1704],{"id":1703},[353,73298,73300],{"id":73299},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73302,73303],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[353,73305,73307],{"id":73306},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73309,1714,73310,73312],{},[15,73311,3684],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[353,73314,73316],{"id":73315},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73318,73319,73320,73323,73324,32],{},"Check with ",[15,73321,73322],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73325,55426],{},[353,73327,73329],{"id":73328},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73331,35,73332,73334,73335,73337],{},[15,73333,55426],{}," for a value and ",[15,73336,12670],{}," for an index.",[181,73339,1775],{"id":1774},[194,73341,73342,73346,73350,73354,73358],{},[197,73343,73344],{},[820,73345,55412],{"href":54965},[197,73347,73348],{},[820,73349,73023],{"href":54976},[197,73351,73352],{},[820,73353,71551],{"href":58861},[197,73355,73356],{},[820,73357,65724],{"href":72758},[197,73359,73360],{},[820,73361,73362],{"href":1128},"ValueError: substring not found fix",[1834,73364,73365],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":73367},[73368,73369,73370,73371,73372,73373,73374,73375,73376,73377,73383],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":71696,"depth":74,"text":71697},{"id":5337,"depth":74,"text":5338},{"id":5693,"depth":74,"text":5694},{"id":72149,"depth":74,"text":72150},{"id":65514,"depth":74,"text":65515},{"id":72761,"depth":74,"text":72762},{"id":73026,"depth":74,"text":73027},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":73378},[73379,73380,73381,73382],{"id":73299,"depth":106,"text":73300},{"id":73306,"depth":106,"text":73307},{"id":73315,"depth":106,"text":73316},{"id":73328,"depth":106,"text":73329},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71599,"description":73384},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73391,"title":73392,"body":73393,"description":75284,"extension":1866,"meta":75285,"navigation":128,"path":75286,"seo":75287,"stem":75288,"__hash__":75289},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73394,"toc":75254},[73395,73401,73407,73410,73421,73423,73472,73477,73482,73486,73501,73503,73568,73570,73611,73613,73615,73630,73632,73643,73645,73702,73704,73737,73739,73742,73791,73793,73818,73820,73836,73842,73849,73910,73912,73945,73950,73953,74033,74035,74096,74102,74106,74109,74173,74175,74200,74202,74222,74224,74273,74275,74296,74305,74308,74312,74317,74362,74364,74385,74391,74396,74404,74468,74470,74507,74513,74517,74524,74589,74591,74628,74632,74649,74659,74664,74669,74680,74687,74689,74695,74718,74721,74748,74753,74756,74857,74859,74914,74917,75024,75026,75097,75100,75126,75128,75133,75137,75145,75150,75155,75161,75166,75170,75173,75190,75193,75213,75221,75223,75251],[10,73396,54240,73398,18],{"id":73397},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73399,73400],{},"reverse()",[20,73402,73403,73406],{},[15,73404,73405],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73408,73409],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73411,73412,73413,73415,73416,73420],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73414,73400],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[820,73417,73419],{"href":73418},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[181,73422,3515],{"id":3514},[40,73424,73426],{"className":42,"code":73425,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73427,73428,73448,73459],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73429,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73431,3525],{"class":55},[49,73433,60],{"class":59},[49,73435,3530],{"class":85},[49,73437,1223],{"class":458},[49,73439,341],{"class":85},[49,73441,2896],{"class":458},[49,73443,341],{"class":85},[49,73445,2354],{"class":458},[49,73447,1244],{"class":85},[49,73449,73450,73452,73454,73457],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,73451,3556],{"class":55},[49,73453,32],{"class":85},[49,73455,73456],{"class":88},"reverse",[49,73458,8548],{"class":85},[49,73460,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,73462,110],{"class":109},[49,73464,92],{"class":85},[49,73466,3556],{"class":88},[49,73468,118],{"class":85},[49,73470,73471],{"class":121},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73473,73474,73476],{},[15,73475,73400],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[181,73478,184,73480,187],{"id":73479},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73481,73405],{},[20,73483,73484,1197],{},[15,73485,73405],{},[194,73487,73488,73491,73494,73498],{},[197,73489,73490],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[197,73492,73493],{},"Changes the original list directly",[197,73495,205,73496],{},[15,73497,3684],{},[197,73499,73500],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73502,214],{},[40,73504,73506],{"className":42,"code":73505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73507,73508,73548,73558],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73509,73510,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73511,35994],{"class":55},[49,73513,60],{"class":59},[49,73515,3530],{"class":85},[49,73517,95],{"class":63},[49,73519,820],{"class":67},[49,73521,95],{"class":63},[49,73523,341],{"class":85},[49,73525,64],{"class":63},[49,73527,4667],{"class":67},[49,73529,95],{"class":63},[49,73531,341],{"class":85},[49,73533,64],{"class":63},[49,73535,9646],{"class":67},[49,73537,95],{"class":63},[49,73539,341],{"class":85},[49,73541,64],{"class":63},[49,73543,18678],{"class":67},[49,73545,95],{"class":63},[49,73547,1244],{"class":85},[49,73549,73550,73552,73554,73556],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,73551,36047],{"class":55},[49,73553,32],{"class":85},[49,73555,73456],{"class":88},[49,73557,8548],{"class":85},[49,73559,73560,73562,73564,73566],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,73561,110],{"class":109},[49,73563,92],{"class":85},[49,73565,36047],{"class":88},[49,73567,103],{"class":85},[20,73569,1974],{},[40,73571,73573],{"className":42,"code":73572,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73574,73575],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73576,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73578,1256],{"class":85},[49,73580,1573],{"class":63},[49,73582,18678],{"class":67},[49,73584,1573],{"class":63},[49,73586,341],{"class":85},[49,73588,3202],{"class":63},[49,73590,9646],{"class":67},[49,73592,1573],{"class":63},[49,73594,341],{"class":85},[49,73596,3202],{"class":63},[49,73598,4667],{"class":67},[49,73600,1573],{"class":63},[49,73602,341],{"class":85},[49,73604,3202],{"class":63},[49,73606,820],{"class":67},[49,73608,1573],{"class":63},[49,73610,1244],{"class":85},[181,73612,316],{"id":315},[20,73614,319],{},[40,73616,73618],{"className":42,"code":73617,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73619,73620],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73621,73622,73624,73626,73628],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73623,8248],{"class":55},[49,73625,32],{"class":85},[49,73627,73456],{"class":88},[49,73629,8548],{"class":85},[20,73631,12960],{},[194,73633,73634,73637,73640],{},[197,73635,73636],{},"No arguments are needed",[197,73638,73639],{},"You call it on an existing list",[197,73641,73642],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73644,214],{},[40,73646,73648],{"className":42,"code":73647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73649,73650,73682,73692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73651,73652,73654,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664,73666,73668,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73653,12984],{"class":55},[49,73655,60],{"class":59},[49,73657,3530],{"class":85},[49,73659,95],{"class":63},[49,73661,13001],{"class":67},[49,73663,95],{"class":63},[49,73665,341],{"class":85},[49,73667,64],{"class":63},[49,73669,17365],{"class":67},[49,73671,95],{"class":63},[49,73673,341],{"class":85},[49,73675,64],{"class":63},[49,73677,13018],{"class":67},[49,73679,95],{"class":63},[49,73681,1244],{"class":85},[49,73683,73684,73686,73688,73690],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,73685,17412],{"class":55},[49,73687,32],{"class":85},[49,73689,73456],{"class":88},[49,73691,8548],{"class":85},[49,73693,73694,73696,73698,73700],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,73695,110],{"class":109},[49,73697,92],{"class":85},[49,73699,17412],{"class":88},[49,73701,103],{"class":85},[20,73703,1974],{},[40,73705,73707],{"className":42,"code":73706,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73708,73709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73710,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733,73735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73712,1256],{"class":85},[49,73714,1573],{"class":63},[49,73716,13018],{"class":67},[49,73718,1573],{"class":63},[49,73720,341],{"class":85},[49,73722,3202],{"class":63},[49,73724,17365],{"class":67},[49,73726,1573],{"class":63},[49,73728,341],{"class":85},[49,73730,3202],{"class":63},[49,73732,13001],{"class":67},[49,73734,1573],{"class":63},[49,73736,1244],{"class":85},[181,73738,11381],{"id":11380},[20,73740,73741],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[40,73743,73745],{"className":42,"code":73744,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73746,73747,73771,73781],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73748,73749,73751,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73750,3525],{"class":55},[49,73752,60],{"class":59},[49,73754,3530],{"class":85},[49,73756,2233],{"class":458},[49,73758,341],{"class":85},[49,73760,7698],{"class":458},[49,73762,341],{"class":85},[49,73764,7703],{"class":458},[49,73766,341],{"class":85},[49,73768,50744],{"class":458},[49,73770,1244],{"class":85},[49,73772,73773,73775,73777,73779],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,73774,3556],{"class":55},[49,73776,32],{"class":85},[49,73778,73456],{"class":88},[49,73780,8548],{"class":85},[49,73782,73783,73785,73787,73789],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,73784,110],{"class":109},[49,73786,92],{"class":85},[49,73788,3556],{"class":88},[49,73790,103],{"class":85},[20,73792,1974],{},[40,73794,73796],{"className":42,"code":73795,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73797,73798],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73799,73800,73802,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73801,1256],{"class":85},[49,73803,56590],{"class":458},[49,73805,341],{"class":85},[49,73807,7703],{"class":458},[49,73809,341],{"class":85},[49,73811,7698],{"class":458},[49,73813,341],{"class":85},[49,73815,5911],{"class":458},[49,73817,1244],{"class":85},[20,73819,11590],{},[194,73821,73822,73828,73833],{},[197,73823,73824,73825],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73826,73827],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[197,73829,73830,73832],{},[15,73831,73400],{}," flips the order",[197,73834,73835],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[181,73837,73839,73841],{"id":73838},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73840,73400],{}," changes the original list",[20,73843,73844,73845,73848],{},"This method is ",[666,73846,73847],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[40,73850,73852],{"className":42,"code":73851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73853,73854,73886,73896,73900],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73855,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870,73872,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73857,36143],{"class":55},[49,73859,60],{"class":59},[49,73861,3530],{"class":85},[49,73863,95],{"class":63},[49,73865,3985],{"class":67},[49,73867,95],{"class":63},[49,73869,341],{"class":85},[49,73871,64],{"class":63},[49,73873,230],{"class":67},[49,73875,95],{"class":63},[49,73877,341],{"class":85},[49,73879,64],{"class":63},[49,73881,4002],{"class":67},[49,73883,95],{"class":63},[49,73885,1244],{"class":85},[49,73887,73888,73890,73892,73894],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,73889,36195],{"class":55},[49,73891,32],{"class":85},[49,73893,73456],{"class":88},[49,73895,8548],{"class":85},[49,73897,73898],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,73899,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,73901,73902,73904,73906,73908],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,73903,110],{"class":109},[49,73905,92],{"class":85},[49,73907,36195],{"class":88},[49,73909,103],{"class":85},[20,73911,1974],{},[40,73913,73915],{"className":42,"code":73914,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73916,73917],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73918,73919,73921,73923,73925,73927,73929,73931,73933,73935,73937,73939,73941,73943],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73920,1256],{"class":85},[49,73922,1573],{"class":63},[49,73924,4002],{"class":67},[49,73926,1573],{"class":63},[49,73928,341],{"class":85},[49,73930,3202],{"class":63},[49,73932,230],{"class":67},[49,73934,1573],{"class":63},[49,73936,341],{"class":85},[49,73938,3202],{"class":63},[49,73940,3985],{"class":67},[49,73942,1573],{"class":63},[49,73944,1244],{"class":85},[20,73946,35,73947,73949],{},[15,73948,73400],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73951,73952],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[40,73954,73956],{"className":42,"code":73955,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73957,73958,73990,74008,74012,74022],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,73959,73960,73962,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980,73982,73984,73986,73988],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,73961,36143],{"class":55},[49,73963,60],{"class":59},[49,73965,3530],{"class":85},[49,73967,95],{"class":63},[49,73969,3985],{"class":67},[49,73971,95],{"class":63},[49,73973,341],{"class":85},[49,73975,64],{"class":63},[49,73977,230],{"class":67},[49,73979,95],{"class":63},[49,73981,341],{"class":85},[49,73983,64],{"class":63},[49,73985,4002],{"class":67},[49,73987,95],{"class":63},[49,73989,1244],{"class":85},[49,73991,73992,73995,73997,73999,74002,74004,74006],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,73993,73994],{"class":55},"reversed_fruits ",[49,73996,60],{"class":59},[49,73998,52749],{"class":55},[49,74000,74001],{"class":85},"[::",[49,74003,1926],{"class":59},[49,74005,1223],{"class":458},[49,74007,1244],{"class":85},[49,74009,74010],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,74011,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74013,74014,74016,74018,74020],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,74015,110],{"class":109},[49,74017,92],{"class":85},[49,74019,36195],{"class":88},[49,74021,103],{"class":85},[49,74023,74024,74026,74028,74031],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,74025,110],{"class":109},[49,74027,92],{"class":85},[49,74029,74030],{"class":88},"reversed_fruits",[49,74032,103],{"class":85},[20,74034,1974],{},[40,74036,74038],{"className":42,"code":74037,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74039,74040,74068],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74041,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74043,1256],{"class":85},[49,74045,1573],{"class":63},[49,74047,3985],{"class":67},[49,74049,1573],{"class":63},[49,74051,341],{"class":85},[49,74053,3202],{"class":63},[49,74055,230],{"class":67},[49,74057,1573],{"class":63},[49,74059,341],{"class":85},[49,74061,3202],{"class":63},[49,74063,4002],{"class":67},[49,74065,1573],{"class":63},[49,74067,1244],{"class":85},[49,74069,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74071,1256],{"class":85},[49,74073,1573],{"class":63},[49,74075,4002],{"class":67},[49,74077,1573],{"class":63},[49,74079,341],{"class":85},[49,74081,3202],{"class":63},[49,74083,230],{"class":67},[49,74085,1573],{"class":63},[49,74087,341],{"class":85},[49,74089,3202],{"class":63},[49,74091,3985],{"class":67},[49,74093,1573],{"class":63},[49,74095,1244],{"class":85},[20,74097,74098,74099,32],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[820,74100,74101],{"href":73418},"Python list slicing explained",[181,74103,74105],{"id":74104},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74107,74108],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[40,74110,74112],{"className":42,"code":74111,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74113,74114,74134,74148,74152,74163],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74115,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74117,3525],{"class":55},[49,74119,60],{"class":59},[49,74121,3530],{"class":85},[49,74123,1223],{"class":458},[49,74125,341],{"class":85},[49,74127,2896],{"class":458},[49,74129,341],{"class":85},[49,74131,2354],{"class":458},[49,74133,1244],{"class":85},[49,74135,74136,74138,74140,74142,74144,74146],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74137,55787],{"class":55},[49,74139,60],{"class":59},[49,74141,4169],{"class":55},[49,74143,32],{"class":85},[49,74145,73456],{"class":88},[49,74147,8548],{"class":85},[49,74149,74150],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,74151,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74153,74154,74156,74158,74161],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,74155,110],{"class":109},[49,74157,92],{"class":85},[49,74159,74160],{"class":88},"new_list",[49,74162,103],{"class":85},[49,74164,74165,74167,74169,74171],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,74166,110],{"class":109},[49,74168,92],{"class":85},[49,74170,3556],{"class":88},[49,74172,103],{"class":85},[20,74174,1974],{},[40,74176,74178],{"className":42,"code":74177,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74179,74180,74184],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74181,74182],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74183,11715],{"class":3757},[49,74185,74186,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74187,1256],{"class":85},[49,74189,1965],{"class":458},[49,74191,341],{"class":85},[49,74193,2896],{"class":458},[49,74195,341],{"class":85},[49,74197,1264],{"class":458},[49,74199,1244],{"class":85},[20,74201,11807],{},[194,74203,74204,74212,74216],{},[197,74205,74206,74208,74209,74211],{},[15,74207,73400],{}," changes ",[15,74210,3556],{}," directly",[197,74213,40808,74214,71720],{},[666,74215,4536],{},[197,74217,53551,74218,42055,74220],{},[15,74219,74160],{},[15,74221,3684],{},[20,74223,61788],{},[40,74225,74227],{"className":42,"code":74226,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74228,74229,74249,74259,74263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74230,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74232,3525],{"class":55},[49,74234,60],{"class":59},[49,74236,3530],{"class":85},[49,74238,1223],{"class":458},[49,74240,341],{"class":85},[49,74242,2896],{"class":458},[49,74244,341],{"class":85},[49,74246,2354],{"class":458},[49,74248,1244],{"class":85},[49,74250,74251,74253,74255,74257],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74252,3556],{"class":55},[49,74254,32],{"class":85},[49,74256,73456],{"class":88},[49,74258,8548],{"class":85},[49,74260,74261],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,74262,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74264,74265,74267,74269,74271],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,74266,110],{"class":109},[49,74268,92],{"class":85},[49,74270,3556],{"class":88},[49,74272,103],{"class":85},[20,74274,1974],{},[40,74276,74278],{"className":42,"code":74277,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74279,74280],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74281,74282,74284,74286,74288,74290,74292,74294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74283,1256],{"class":85},[49,74285,1965],{"class":458},[49,74287,341],{"class":85},[49,74289,2896],{"class":458},[49,74291,341],{"class":85},[49,74293,1264],{"class":458},[49,74295,1244],{"class":85},[181,74297,74299,983,74301,74304],{"id":74298},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74300,73400],{},[15,74302,74303],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74306,74307],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[353,74309,74310],{"id":73456},[15,74311,73400],{},[20,74313,74314,74316],{},[15,74315,73400],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[40,74318,74320],{"className":42,"code":74319,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74321,74322,74342,74352],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74323,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74325,3525],{"class":55},[49,74327,60],{"class":59},[49,74329,3530],{"class":85},[49,74331,1965],{"class":458},[49,74333,341],{"class":85},[49,74335,1264],{"class":458},[49,74337,341],{"class":85},[49,74339,2896],{"class":458},[49,74341,1244],{"class":85},[49,74343,74344,74346,74348,74350],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74345,3556],{"class":55},[49,74347,32],{"class":85},[49,74349,73456],{"class":88},[49,74351,8548],{"class":85},[49,74353,74354,74356,74358,74360],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,74355,110],{"class":109},[49,74357,92],{"class":85},[49,74359,3556],{"class":88},[49,74361,103],{"class":85},[20,74363,1974],{},[40,74365,74367],{"className":42,"code":74366,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74368,74369],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74370,74371,74373,74375,74377,74379,74381,74383],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74372,1256],{"class":85},[49,74374,312],{"class":458},[49,74376,341],{"class":85},[49,74378,1264],{"class":458},[49,74380,341],{"class":85},[49,74382,2354],{"class":458},[49,74384,1244],{"class":85},[20,74386,74387,74388,74390],{},"Notice that this is ",[666,74389,4536],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[353,74392,74394],{"id":74393},"sorted",[15,74395,74303],{},[20,74397,74398,74403],{},[820,74399,74401],{"href":74400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74402,74303],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[40,74405,74407],{"className":42,"code":74406,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74408,74409,74429,74444,74448,74458],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74410,74411,74413,74415,74417,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74412,3525],{"class":55},[49,74414,60],{"class":59},[49,74416,3530],{"class":85},[49,74418,1965],{"class":458},[49,74420,341],{"class":85},[49,74422,1264],{"class":458},[49,74424,341],{"class":85},[49,74426,2896],{"class":458},[49,74428,1244],{"class":85},[49,74430,74431,74433,74435,74438,74440,74442],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74432,2131],{"class":55},[49,74434,60],{"class":59},[49,74436,74437],{"class":109}," sorted",[49,74439,92],{"class":85},[49,74441,3556],{"class":88},[49,74443,103],{"class":85},[49,74445,74446],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,74447,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74449,74450,74452,74454,74456],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,74451,110],{"class":109},[49,74453,92],{"class":85},[49,74455,3556],{"class":88},[49,74457,103],{"class":85},[49,74459,74460,74462,74464,74466],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,74461,110],{"class":109},[49,74463,92],{"class":85},[49,74465,2166],{"class":88},[49,74467,103],{"class":85},[20,74469,1974],{},[40,74471,74473],{"className":42,"code":74472,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74474,74475,74491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74476,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74478,1256],{"class":85},[49,74480,1965],{"class":458},[49,74482,341],{"class":85},[49,74484,1264],{"class":458},[49,74486,341],{"class":85},[49,74488,2896],{"class":458},[49,74490,1244],{"class":85},[49,74492,74493,74495,74497,74499,74501,74503,74505],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74494,1256],{"class":85},[49,74496,1223],{"class":458},[49,74498,341],{"class":85},[49,74500,2896],{"class":458},[49,74502,341],{"class":85},[49,74504,2354],{"class":458},[49,74506,1244],{"class":85},[20,74508,74509,74510,32],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74511,74512],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[353,74514,74516],{"id":74515},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74518,74519,74520,74523],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74521,74522],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[40,74525,74527],{"className":42,"code":74526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74528,74529,74549,74565,74569,74579],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74530,74531,74533,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545,74547],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74532,3525],{"class":55},[49,74534,60],{"class":59},[49,74536,3530],{"class":85},[49,74538,1965],{"class":458},[49,74540,341],{"class":85},[49,74542,1264],{"class":458},[49,74544,341],{"class":85},[49,74546,2896],{"class":458},[49,74548,1244],{"class":85},[49,74550,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74552,2131],{"class":55},[49,74554,60],{"class":59},[49,74556,4169],{"class":55},[49,74558,74001],{"class":85},[49,74560,1926],{"class":59},[49,74562,1223],{"class":458},[49,74564,1244],{"class":85},[49,74566,74567],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,74568,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74570,74571,74573,74575,74577],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,74572,110],{"class":109},[49,74574,92],{"class":85},[49,74576,3556],{"class":88},[49,74578,103],{"class":85},[49,74580,74581,74583,74585,74587],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,74582,110],{"class":109},[49,74584,92],{"class":85},[49,74586,2166],{"class":88},[49,74588,103],{"class":85},[20,74590,1974],{},[40,74592,74594],{"className":42,"code":74593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74595,74596,74612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74597,74598,74600,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74599,1256],{"class":85},[49,74601,1965],{"class":458},[49,74603,341],{"class":85},[49,74605,1264],{"class":458},[49,74607,341],{"class":85},[49,74609,2896],{"class":458},[49,74611,1244],{"class":85},[49,74613,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622,74624,74626],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74615,1256],{"class":85},[49,74617,312],{"class":458},[49,74619,341],{"class":85},[49,74621,1264],{"class":458},[49,74623,341],{"class":85},[49,74625,2354],{"class":458},[49,74627,1244],{"class":85},[353,74629,74631],{"id":74630},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[194,74633,74634,74639,74644],{},[197,74635,35,74636,74638],{},[15,74637,73400],{}," when you want to change the original list",[197,74640,35,74641,74643],{},[15,74642,74522],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[197,74645,35,74646,74648],{},[15,74647,74303],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74650,74651,74652,74658],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[820,74653,74655,74656,1785],{"href":74654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74657,64202],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[181,74660,4868,74662],{"id":74661},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74663,73400],{},[20,74665,74666,74668],{},[15,74667,73400],{}," is a good choice:",[194,74670,74671,74674,74677],{},[197,74672,74673],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[197,74675,74676],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[197,74678,74679],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74681,74682,74683,32],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[820,74684,74686],{"href":74685},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[181,74688,1308],{"id":1307},[20,74690,74691,74692,74694],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74693,73400],{}," for these reasons:",[194,74696,74697,74701,74706,74711],{},[197,74698,12502,74699,12505],{},[15,74700,73400],{},[197,74702,1318,74703,74705],{},[15,74704,73400],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[197,74707,644,74708,74710],{},[15,74709,73400],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[197,74712,1339,74713,1342,74715],{},[15,74714,73400],{},[15,74716,74717],{},"reversed()",[20,74719,74720],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[40,74722,74724],{"className":42,"code":74723,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74725,74726,74738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74727,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74729,56],{"class":55},[49,74731,60],{"class":59},[49,74733,64],{"class":63},[49,74735,917],{"class":67},[49,74737,71],{"class":63},[49,74739,74740,74742,74744,74746],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74741,245],{"class":55},[49,74743,32],{"class":85},[49,74745,73456],{"class":88},[49,74747,8548],{"class":85},[20,74749,74750,74751,33508],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74752,73400],{},[20,74754,74755],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[40,74757,74759],{"className":42,"code":74758,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74760,74761,74781,74785,74795,74809,74813,74827,74837,74841],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74762,74763,74765,74767,74769,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74764,8217],{"class":55},[49,74766,60],{"class":59},[49,74768,3530],{"class":85},[49,74770,1223],{"class":458},[49,74772,341],{"class":85},[49,74774,2896],{"class":458},[49,74776,341],{"class":85},[49,74778,2354],{"class":458},[49,74780,1244],{"class":85},[49,74782,74783],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74784,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74786,74787,74789,74791,74793],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,74788,110],{"class":109},[49,74790,92],{"class":85},[49,74792,8248],{"class":88},[49,74794,103],{"class":85},[49,74796,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805,74807],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,74798,110],{"class":109},[49,74800,92],{"class":85},[49,74802,3127],{"class":2804},[49,74804,92],{"class":85},[49,74806,8248],{"class":88},[49,74808,1581],{"class":85},[49,74810,74811],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,74812,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74814,74815,74817,74819,74821,74823,74825],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,74816,2131],{"class":55},[49,74818,60],{"class":59},[49,74820,8304],{"class":55},[49,74822,32],{"class":85},[49,74824,73456],{"class":88},[49,74826,8548],{"class":85},[49,74828,74829,74831,74833,74835],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,74830,110],{"class":109},[49,74832,92],{"class":85},[49,74834,2166],{"class":88},[49,74836,103],{"class":85},[49,74838,74839],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,74840,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74842,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,74844,110],{"class":109},[49,74846,92],{"class":85},[49,74848,8248],{"class":88},[49,74850,74001],{"class":85},[49,74852,1926],{"class":59},[49,74854,1223],{"class":458},[49,74856,3794],{"class":85},[20,74858,1974],{},[40,74860,74862],{"className":42,"code":74861,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74863,74864,74880,74894,74898],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74865,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74867,1256],{"class":85},[49,74869,1223],{"class":458},[49,74871,341],{"class":85},[49,74873,2896],{"class":458},[49,74875,341],{"class":85},[49,74877,2354],{"class":458},[49,74879,1244],{"class":85},[49,74881,74882,74884,74886,74888,74890,74892],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74883,3196],{"class":59},[49,74885,3199],{"class":1968},[49,74887,3202],{"class":63},[49,74889,8002],{"class":67},[49,74891,1573],{"class":63},[49,74893,3209],{"class":59},[49,74895,74896],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,74897,11715],{"class":3757},[49,74899,74900,74902,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,74901,1256],{"class":85},[49,74903,1223],{"class":458},[49,74905,341],{"class":85},[49,74907,2896],{"class":458},[49,74909,341],{"class":85},[49,74911,1264],{"class":458},[49,74913,1244],{"class":85},[20,74915,74916],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[40,74918,74920],{"className":42,"code":74919,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74921,74922,74942,74946,74956,74970,74974,74988,74998,75008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,74923,74924,74926,74928,74930,74932,74934,74936,74938,74940],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,74925,8217],{"class":55},[49,74927,60],{"class":59},[49,74929,3530],{"class":85},[49,74931,1223],{"class":458},[49,74933,341],{"class":85},[49,74935,2896],{"class":458},[49,74937,341],{"class":85},[49,74939,2354],{"class":458},[49,74941,1244],{"class":85},[49,74943,74944],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,74945,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74947,74948,74950,74952,74954],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,74949,110],{"class":109},[49,74951,92],{"class":85},[49,74953,8248],{"class":88},[49,74955,103],{"class":85},[49,74957,74958,74960,74962,74964,74966,74968],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,74959,110],{"class":109},[49,74961,92],{"class":85},[49,74963,3127],{"class":2804},[49,74965,92],{"class":85},[49,74967,8248],{"class":88},[49,74969,1581],{"class":85},[49,74971,74972],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,74973,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,74975,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,74977,2131],{"class":55},[49,74979,60],{"class":59},[49,74981,8304],{"class":55},[49,74983,32],{"class":85},[49,74985,73456],{"class":88},[49,74987,8548],{"class":85},[49,74989,74990,74992,74994,74996],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,74991,110],{"class":109},[49,74993,92],{"class":85},[49,74995,2166],{"class":88},[49,74997,103],{"class":85},[49,74999,75000,75002,75004,75006],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,75001,110],{"class":109},[49,75003,92],{"class":85},[49,75005,8248],{"class":88},[49,75007,103],{"class":85},[49,75009,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020,75022],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,75011,110],{"class":109},[49,75013,92],{"class":85},[49,75015,8248],{"class":88},[49,75017,74001],{"class":85},[49,75019,1926],{"class":59},[49,75021,1223],{"class":458},[49,75023,3794],{"class":85},[20,75025,1974],{},[40,75027,75029],{"className":42,"code":75028,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75030,75031,75047,75061,75065,75081],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75032,75033,75035,75037,75039,75041,75043,75045],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75034,1256],{"class":85},[49,75036,1223],{"class":458},[49,75038,341],{"class":85},[49,75040,2896],{"class":458},[49,75042,341],{"class":85},[49,75044,2354],{"class":458},[49,75046,1244],{"class":85},[49,75048,75049,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,75050,3196],{"class":59},[49,75052,3199],{"class":1968},[49,75054,3202],{"class":63},[49,75056,8002],{"class":67},[49,75058,1573],{"class":63},[49,75060,3209],{"class":59},[49,75062,75063],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,75064,11715],{"class":3757},[49,75066,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,75068,1256],{"class":85},[49,75070,1965],{"class":458},[49,75072,341],{"class":85},[49,75074,2896],{"class":458},[49,75076,341],{"class":85},[49,75078,1264],{"class":458},[49,75080,1244],{"class":85},[49,75082,75083,75085,75087,75089,75091,75093,75095],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,75084,1256],{"class":85},[49,75086,1223],{"class":458},[49,75088,341],{"class":85},[49,75090,2896],{"class":458},[49,75092,341],{"class":85},[49,75094,2354],{"class":458},[49,75096,1244],{"class":85},[20,75098,75099],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[194,75101,75102,75111,75120],{},[197,75103,27701,75104,75107,75108],{},[15,75105,75106],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75109,75110],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[197,75112,11823,75113,75116,75117,22469],{},[15,75114,75115],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[666,75118,75119],{},"current",[197,75121,75122,75123],{},"So it prints ",[15,75124,75125],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[181,75127,1704],{"id":1703},[353,75129,1720,75131,55366],{"id":75130},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75132,73405],{},[20,75134,62493,75135,32],{},[15,75136,3684],{},[353,75138,34113,75140,34116,75142,2394],{"id":75139},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75141,73400],{},[15,75143,75144],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75146,75147,75149],{},[15,75148,73400],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75151,75152,75154],{},[15,75153,75144],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[353,75156,1760,75158,75160],{"id":75157},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75159,73400],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75162,46264,75163,75165],{},[15,75164,73400],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[353,75167,75169],{"id":75168},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75171,75172],{},"Use slicing:",[40,75174,75176],{"className":42,"code":75175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75177,75178],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75179,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75181,8248],{"class":55},[49,75183,74001],{"class":85},[49,75185,1926],{"class":59},[49,75187,1223],{"class":458},[49,75189,1244],{"class":85},[20,75191,75192],{},"Or use:",[40,75194,75196],{"className":42,"code":75195,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75197,75198],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75199,75200,75202,75204,75207,75209,75211],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75201,8002],{"class":2804},[49,75203,92],{"class":85},[49,75205,75206],{"class":109},"reversed",[49,75208,92],{"class":85},[49,75210,8248],{"class":88},[49,75212,1581],{"class":85},[20,75214,75215,75216,75220],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[820,75217,55417,75218],{"href":54858},[15,75219,12684],{}," can also help.",[181,75222,1775],{"id":1774},[194,75224,75225,75231,75237,75241,75245],{},[197,75226,75227],{},[820,75228,55417,75229,1785],{"href":74654},[15,75230,64202],{},[197,75232,75233],{},[820,75234,3482,75235,3415],{"href":74400},[15,75236,74303],{},[197,75238,75239],{},[820,75240,74686],{"href":74685},[197,75242,75243],{},[820,75244,74101],{"href":73418},[197,75246,75247],{},[820,75248,55417,75249,1785],{"href":54858},[15,75250,12684],{},[1834,75252,75253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":75255},[75256,75257,75259,75260,75261,75263,75264,75271,75273,75274,75283],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":73479,"depth":74,"text":75258},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":73838,"depth":74,"text":75262},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74104,"depth":74,"text":74105},{"id":74298,"depth":74,"text":75265,"children":75266},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75267,75268,75269,75270],{"id":73456,"depth":106,"text":73400},{"id":74393,"depth":106,"text":74303},{"id":74515,"depth":106,"text":74516},{"id":74630,"depth":106,"text":74631},{"id":74661,"depth":74,"text":75272},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":75275},[75276,75278,75280,75282],{"id":75130,"depth":106,"text":75277},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75139,"depth":106,"text":75279},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75157,"depth":106,"text":75281},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75168,"depth":106,"text":75169},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73392,"description":75284},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75291,"title":75292,"body":75293,"description":77724,"extension":1866,"meta":77725,"navigation":128,"path":77726,"seo":77727,"stem":77728,"__hash__":77729},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75294,"toc":77692},[75295,75298,75310,75313,75336,75343,75345,75456,75465,75469,75472,75475,75562,75564,75597,75599,75622,75628,75632,75635,75657,75659,75676,75679,75699,75701,75811,75813,75890,75894,75897,75940,75942,76075,76077,76179,76184,76188,76191,76193,76207,76210,76324,76326,76400,76402,76430,76434,76439,76469,76472,76598,76600,76682,76688,76692,76694,76733,76742,76746,76749,76753,76800,76802,76810,76814,76865,76867,76880,76882,76896,76899,76907,76909,76956,76958,76966,76969,77012,77017,77020,77023,77046,77050,77101,77104,77125,77135,77139,77141,77171,77174,77197,77201,77204,77271,77273,77310,77313,77321,77388,77390,77427,77433,77440,77444,77447,77477,77482,77486,77489,77513,77516,77610,77620,77622,77626,77629,77633,77636,77641,77644,77650,77653,77655,77683,77689],[10,75296,75292],{"id":75297},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75299,75300,75301,2091,75303,1455,75306,75309],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75302,368],{},[15,75304,75305],{},"stop",[15,75307,75308],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75311,75312],{},"The basic slice form is:",[40,75314,75316],{"className":42,"code":75315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75317,75318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75319,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330,75332,75334],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75321,8248],{"class":55},[49,75323,1256],{"class":85},[49,75325,368],{"class":55},[49,75327,1197],{"class":85},[49,75329,75305],{"class":55},[49,75331,1197],{"class":85},[49,75333,75308],{"class":55},[49,75335,1244],{"class":85},[20,75337,75338,75339,664,75341,32],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75340,75305],{},[666,75342,668],{},[181,75344,1907],{"id":1906},[40,75346,75348],{"className":42,"code":75347,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75349,75350,75378,75382,75403,75420,75437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75351,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370,75372,75374,75376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75353,3525],{"class":55},[49,75355,60],{"class":59},[49,75357,3530],{"class":85},[49,75359,2233],{"class":458},[49,75361,341],{"class":85},[49,75363,7698],{"class":458},[49,75365,341],{"class":85},[49,75367,7703],{"class":458},[49,75369,341],{"class":85},[49,75371,50744],{"class":458},[49,75373,341],{"class":85},[49,75375,4988],{"class":458},[49,75377,1244],{"class":85},[49,75379,75380],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,75381,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,75383,75384,75386,75388,75390,75392,75394,75396,75398,75400],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,75385,110],{"class":109},[49,75387,92],{"class":85},[49,75389,3556],{"class":88},[49,75391,1256],{"class":85},[49,75393,1223],{"class":458},[49,75395,1197],{"class":85},[49,75397,2407],{"class":458},[49,75399,20357],{"class":85},[49,75401,75402],{"class":121},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[49,75404,75405,75407,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,75406,110],{"class":109},[49,75408,92],{"class":85},[49,75410,3556],{"class":88},[49,75412,1238],{"class":85},[49,75414,1965],{"class":458},[49,75416,20357],{"class":85},[49,75418,75419],{"class":121},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[49,75421,75422,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,75423,110],{"class":109},[49,75425,92],{"class":85},[49,75427,3556],{"class":88},[49,75429,74001],{"class":85},[49,75431,312],{"class":458},[49,75433,20357],{"class":85},[49,75435,75436],{"class":121},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[49,75438,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,75440,110],{"class":109},[49,75442,92],{"class":85},[49,75444,3556],{"class":88},[49,75446,74001],{"class":85},[49,75448,1926],{"class":59},[49,75450,1223],{"class":458},[49,75452,20357],{"class":85},[49,75454,75455],{"class":121},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75457,35,75458,75461,75462,75464],{},[15,75459,75460],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75463,75305],{}," value is not included.",[181,75466,75468],{"id":75467},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75470,75471],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75473,75474],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[40,75476,75478],{"className":42,"code":75477,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75479,75480,75528,75532,75551],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75481,75482,75484,75486,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75483,35994],{"class":55},[49,75485,60],{"class":59},[49,75487,3530],{"class":85},[49,75489,95],{"class":63},[49,75491,820],{"class":67},[49,75493,95],{"class":63},[49,75495,341],{"class":85},[49,75497,64],{"class":63},[49,75499,4667],{"class":67},[49,75501,95],{"class":63},[49,75503,341],{"class":85},[49,75505,64],{"class":63},[49,75507,9646],{"class":67},[49,75509,95],{"class":63},[49,75511,341],{"class":85},[49,75513,64],{"class":63},[49,75515,18678],{"class":67},[49,75517,95],{"class":63},[49,75519,341],{"class":85},[49,75521,64],{"class":63},[49,75523,60341],{"class":67},[49,75525,95],{"class":63},[49,75527,1244],{"class":85},[49,75529,75530],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,75531,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,75533,75534,75537,75539,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,75535,75536],{"class":55},"part ",[49,75538,60],{"class":59},[49,75540,69977],{"class":55},[49,75542,1256],{"class":85},[49,75544,1223],{"class":458},[49,75546,1197],{"class":85},[49,75548,2407],{"class":458},[49,75550,1244],{"class":85},[49,75552,75553,75555,75557,75560],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,75554,110],{"class":109},[49,75556,92],{"class":85},[49,75558,75559],{"class":88},"part",[49,75561,103],{"class":85},[20,75563,1974],{},[40,75565,75567],{"className":42,"code":75566,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75568,75569],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75570,75571,75573,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75572,1256],{"class":85},[49,75574,1573],{"class":63},[49,75576,4667],{"class":67},[49,75578,1573],{"class":63},[49,75580,341],{"class":85},[49,75582,3202],{"class":63},[49,75584,9646],{"class":67},[49,75586,1573],{"class":63},[49,75588,341],{"class":85},[49,75590,3202],{"class":63},[49,75592,18678],{"class":67},[49,75594,1573],{"class":63},[49,75596,1244],{"class":85},[20,75598,12960],{},[194,75600,75601,75604,75607,75613,75619],{},[197,75602,75603],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[197,75605,75606],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[197,75608,75609,75610],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75611,75612],{},"list[start:stop]",[197,75614,75615,75616,75618],{},"The item at ",[15,75617,75305],{}," is not included",[197,75620,75621],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75623,75624,75625,32],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[820,75626,75627],{"href":50879},"beginner guide to Python lists",[181,75629,75631],{"id":75630},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75633,75634],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[40,75636,75637],{"className":42,"code":75315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,75638,75639],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75640,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75642,8248],{"class":55},[49,75644,1256],{"class":85},[49,75646,368],{"class":55},[49,75648,1197],{"class":85},[49,75650,75305],{"class":55},[49,75652,1197],{"class":85},[49,75654,75308],{"class":55},[49,75656,1244],{"class":85},[20,75658,64932],{},[194,75660,75661,75666,75671],{},[197,75662,75663,75665],{},[15,75664,368],{}," is where slicing begins",[197,75667,75668,75670],{},[15,75669,75305],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[197,75672,75673,75675],{},[15,75674,75308],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75677,75678],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[194,75680,75681,75687,75692],{},[197,75682,75683,75684,75686],{},"Missing ",[15,75685,368],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[197,75688,75683,75689,75691],{},[15,75690,75305],{}," means go to the end of the list",[197,75693,75683,75694,75696,75697],{},[15,75695,75308],{}," means use ",[15,75698,1223],{},[20,75700,214],{},[40,75702,75704],{"className":42,"code":75703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75705,75706,75734,75738,75759,75776,75794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75707,75708,75710,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75709,3525],{"class":55},[49,75711,60],{"class":59},[49,75713,3530],{"class":85},[49,75715,2233],{"class":458},[49,75717,341],{"class":85},[49,75719,7698],{"class":458},[49,75721,341],{"class":85},[49,75723,7703],{"class":458},[49,75725,341],{"class":85},[49,75727,50744],{"class":458},[49,75729,341],{"class":85},[49,75731,4988],{"class":458},[49,75733,1244],{"class":85},[49,75735,75736],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,75737,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,75739,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,75741,110],{"class":109},[49,75743,92],{"class":85},[49,75745,3556],{"class":88},[49,75747,1256],{"class":85},[49,75749,1223],{"class":458},[49,75751,1197],{"class":85},[49,75753,2407],{"class":458},[49,75755,20357],{"class":85},[49,75757,75758],{"class":121},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[49,75760,75761,75763,75765,75767,75769,75771,75773],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,75762,110],{"class":109},[49,75764,92],{"class":85},[49,75766,3556],{"class":88},[49,75768,1238],{"class":85},[49,75770,1965],{"class":458},[49,75772,20357],{"class":85},[49,75774,75775],{"class":121},"    # start from the beginning\n",[49,75777,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75791],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,75779,110],{"class":109},[49,75781,92],{"class":85},[49,75783,3556],{"class":88},[49,75785,1256],{"class":85},[49,75787,312],{"class":458},[49,75789,75790],{"class":85},":])",[49,75792,75793],{"class":121},"    # go to the end\n",[49,75795,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,75797,110],{"class":109},[49,75799,92],{"class":85},[49,75801,3556],{"class":88},[49,75803,74001],{"class":85},[49,75805,1223],{"class":458},[49,75807,20357],{"class":85},[49,75809,75810],{"class":121},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75812,1974],{},[40,75814,75816],{"className":42,"code":75815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75817,75818,75834,75850,75866],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75819,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75821,1256],{"class":85},[49,75823,15665],{"class":458},[49,75825,341],{"class":85},[49,75827,7703],{"class":458},[49,75829,341],{"class":85},[49,75831,50744],{"class":458},[49,75833,1244],{"class":85},[49,75835,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,75837,1256],{"class":85},[49,75839,2233],{"class":458},[49,75841,341],{"class":85},[49,75843,7698],{"class":458},[49,75845,341],{"class":85},[49,75847,7703],{"class":458},[49,75849,1244],{"class":85},[49,75851,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,75853,1256],{"class":85},[49,75855,36746],{"class":458},[49,75857,341],{"class":85},[49,75859,50744],{"class":458},[49,75861,341],{"class":85},[49,75863,4988],{"class":458},[49,75865,1244],{"class":85},[49,75867,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,75869,1256],{"class":85},[49,75871,2233],{"class":458},[49,75873,341],{"class":85},[49,75875,7698],{"class":458},[49,75877,341],{"class":85},[49,75879,7703],{"class":458},[49,75881,341],{"class":85},[49,75883,50744],{"class":458},[49,75885,341],{"class":85},[49,75887,4988],{"class":458},[49,75889,1244],{"class":85},[181,75891,75893],{"id":75892},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75895,75896],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[194,75898,75899,75908,75917,75928,75934],{},[197,75900,75901,75904,75905,5873],{},[15,75902,75903],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75906,75907],{},"n",[197,75909,75910,75913,75914,75916],{},[15,75911,75912],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75915,75907],{}," to the end",[197,75918,75919,75922,75923,75925,75926],{},[15,75920,75921],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75924,820],{}," up to ",[15,75927,4667],{},[197,75929,75930,75933],{},[15,75931,75932],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[197,75935,75936,75939],{},[15,75937,75938],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75941,214],{},[40,75943,75945],{"className":42,"code":75944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75946,75947,75980,75984,76001,76018,76039,76056],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,75948,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75978],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,75950,3525],{"class":55},[49,75952,60],{"class":59},[49,75954,3530],{"class":85},[49,75956,2233],{"class":458},[49,75958,341],{"class":85},[49,75960,7698],{"class":458},[49,75962,341],{"class":85},[49,75964,7703],{"class":458},[49,75966,341],{"class":85},[49,75968,50744],{"class":458},[49,75970,341],{"class":85},[49,75972,4988],{"class":458},[49,75974,341],{"class":85},[49,75976,75977],{"class":458}," 60",[49,75979,1244],{"class":85},[49,75981,75982],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,75983,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,75985,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996,75998],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,75987,110],{"class":109},[49,75989,92],{"class":85},[49,75991,3556],{"class":88},[49,75993,1238],{"class":85},[49,75995,1965],{"class":458},[49,75997,20357],{"class":85},[49,75999,76000],{"class":121},"    # first 3 items\n",[49,76002,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,76004,110],{"class":109},[49,76006,92],{"class":85},[49,76008,3556],{"class":88},[49,76010,1256],{"class":85},[49,76012,1965],{"class":458},[49,76014,75790],{"class":85},[49,76016,76017],{"class":121},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[49,76019,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,76021,110],{"class":109},[49,76023,92],{"class":85},[49,76025,3556],{"class":88},[49,76027,1256],{"class":85},[49,76029,1223],{"class":458},[49,76031,1197],{"class":85},[49,76033,2040],{"class":458},[49,76035,20357],{"class":85},[49,76037,76038],{"class":121},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[49,76040,76041,76043,76045,76047,76049,76051,76053],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,76042,110],{"class":109},[49,76044,92],{"class":85},[49,76046,3556],{"class":88},[49,76048,74001],{"class":85},[49,76050,312],{"class":458},[49,76052,20357],{"class":85},[49,76054,76055],{"class":121},"   # every second item\n",[49,76057,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,76059,110],{"class":109},[49,76061,92],{"class":85},[49,76063,3556],{"class":88},[49,76065,74001],{"class":85},[49,76067,1926],{"class":59},[49,76069,1223],{"class":458},[49,76071,20357],{"class":85},[49,76073,76074],{"class":121},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76076,1974],{},[40,76078,76080],{"className":42,"code":76079,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76081,76082,76098,76114,76134,76150],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76083,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76085,1256],{"class":85},[49,76087,2233],{"class":458},[49,76089,341],{"class":85},[49,76091,7698],{"class":458},[49,76093,341],{"class":85},[49,76095,7703],{"class":458},[49,76097,1244],{"class":85},[49,76099,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76101,1256],{"class":85},[49,76103,56590],{"class":458},[49,76105,341],{"class":85},[49,76107,4988],{"class":458},[49,76109,341],{"class":85},[49,76111,75977],{"class":458},[49,76113,1244],{"class":85},[49,76115,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,76117,1256],{"class":85},[49,76119,15665],{"class":458},[49,76121,341],{"class":85},[49,76123,7703],{"class":458},[49,76125,341],{"class":85},[49,76127,50744],{"class":458},[49,76129,341],{"class":85},[49,76131,4988],{"class":458},[49,76133,1244],{"class":85},[49,76135,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,76137,1256],{"class":85},[49,76139,2233],{"class":458},[49,76141,341],{"class":85},[49,76143,7703],{"class":458},[49,76145,341],{"class":85},[49,76147,4988],{"class":458},[49,76149,1244],{"class":85},[49,76151,76152,76154,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76173,76175,76177],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,76153,1256],{"class":85},[49,76155,76156],{"class":458},"60",[49,76158,341],{"class":85},[49,76160,4988],{"class":458},[49,76162,341],{"class":85},[49,76164,50744],{"class":458},[49,76166,341],{"class":85},[49,76168,7703],{"class":458},[49,76170,341],{"class":85},[49,76172,7698],{"class":458},[49,76174,341],{"class":85},[49,76176,5911],{"class":458},[49,76178,1244],{"class":85},[20,76180,76181,76182,32],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[820,76183,14798],{"href":57117},[181,76185,76187],{"id":76186},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76189,76190],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76192,5379],{},[194,76194,76195,76201],{},[197,76196,76197,76200],{},[15,76198,76199],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[197,76202,76203,76206],{},[15,76204,76205],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76208,76209],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[40,76211,76213],{"className":42,"code":76212,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76214,76215,76263,76267,76286,76305],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76216,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76257,76259,76261],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76218,35994],{"class":55},[49,76220,60],{"class":59},[49,76222,3530],{"class":85},[49,76224,95],{"class":63},[49,76226,820],{"class":67},[49,76228,95],{"class":63},[49,76230,341],{"class":85},[49,76232,64],{"class":63},[49,76234,4667],{"class":67},[49,76236,95],{"class":63},[49,76238,341],{"class":85},[49,76240,64],{"class":63},[49,76242,9646],{"class":67},[49,76244,95],{"class":63},[49,76246,341],{"class":85},[49,76248,64],{"class":63},[49,76250,18678],{"class":67},[49,76252,95],{"class":63},[49,76254,341],{"class":85},[49,76256,64],{"class":63},[49,76258,60341],{"class":67},[49,76260,95],{"class":63},[49,76262,1244],{"class":85},[49,76264,76265],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76266,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,76268,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281,76283],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,76270,110],{"class":109},[49,76272,92],{"class":85},[49,76274,36047],{"class":88},[49,76276,1256],{"class":85},[49,76278,1926],{"class":59},[49,76280,1223],{"class":458},[49,76282,20357],{"class":85},[49,76284,76285],{"class":121},"    # last item\n",[49,76287,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,76289,110],{"class":109},[49,76291,92],{"class":85},[49,76293,36047],{"class":88},[49,76295,1256],{"class":85},[49,76297,1926],{"class":59},[49,76299,1965],{"class":458},[49,76301,75790],{"class":85},[49,76303,76304],{"class":121},"   # last 3 items\n",[49,76306,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,76308,110],{"class":109},[49,76310,92],{"class":85},[49,76312,36047],{"class":88},[49,76314,1238],{"class":85},[49,76316,1926],{"class":59},[49,76318,1223],{"class":458},[49,76320,20357],{"class":85},[49,76322,76323],{"class":121},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76325,1974],{},[40,76327,76329],{"className":42,"code":76328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76330,76331,76336,76364],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76332,76333],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76334,76335],{"class":55},"e\n",[49,76337,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76339,1256],{"class":85},[49,76341,1573],{"class":63},[49,76343,9646],{"class":67},[49,76345,1573],{"class":63},[49,76347,341],{"class":85},[49,76349,3202],{"class":63},[49,76351,18678],{"class":67},[49,76353,1573],{"class":63},[49,76355,341],{"class":85},[49,76357,3202],{"class":63},[49,76359,60341],{"class":67},[49,76361,1573],{"class":63},[49,76363,1244],{"class":85},[49,76365,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,76367,1256],{"class":85},[49,76369,1573],{"class":63},[49,76371,820],{"class":67},[49,76373,1573],{"class":63},[49,76375,341],{"class":85},[49,76377,3202],{"class":63},[49,76379,4667],{"class":67},[49,76381,1573],{"class":63},[49,76383,341],{"class":85},[49,76385,3202],{"class":63},[49,76387,9646],{"class":67},[49,76389,1573],{"class":63},[49,76391,341],{"class":85},[49,76393,3202],{"class":63},[49,76395,18678],{"class":67},[49,76397,1573],{"class":63},[49,76399,1244],{"class":85},[20,76401,12960],{},[194,76403,76404,76407,76411,76417,76423],{},[197,76405,76406],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[197,76408,76409,76200],{},[15,76410,76199],{},[197,76412,76413,76416],{},[15,76414,76415],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[197,76418,76419,76422],{},[15,76420,76421],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[197,76424,76425,76426,380,76428],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76427,368],{},[15,76429,75305],{},[181,76431,76433],{"id":76432},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76435,661,76436,76438],{},[15,76437,75308],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[194,76440,76441,76444,76447,76452,76462],{},[197,76442,76443],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[197,76445,76446],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[197,76448,76449,76451],{},[15,76450,75938],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[197,76453,8780,76454,76456,76457,76459,76460],{},[15,76455,75308],{}," is negative, ",[15,76458,368],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76461,75305],{},[197,76463,76464,76466,76467],{},[15,76465,75308],{}," cannot be ",[15,76468,516],{},[20,76470,76471],{},"Example with different step values:",[40,76473,76475],{"className":42,"code":76474,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76476,76477,76509,76513,76530,76552,76571],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76478,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76480,3525],{"class":55},[49,76482,60],{"class":59},[49,76484,3530],{"class":85},[49,76486,2233],{"class":458},[49,76488,341],{"class":85},[49,76490,7698],{"class":458},[49,76492,341],{"class":85},[49,76494,7703],{"class":458},[49,76496,341],{"class":85},[49,76498,50744],{"class":458},[49,76500,341],{"class":85},[49,76502,4988],{"class":458},[49,76504,341],{"class":85},[49,76506,75977],{"class":458},[49,76508,1244],{"class":85},[49,76510,76511],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76512,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,76514,76515,76517,76519,76521,76523,76525,76527],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,76516,110],{"class":109},[49,76518,92],{"class":85},[49,76520,3556],{"class":88},[49,76522,74001],{"class":85},[49,76524,312],{"class":458},[49,76526,20357],{"class":85},[49,76528,76529],{"class":121},"     # every second item\n",[49,76531,76532,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76545,76547,76549],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,76533,110],{"class":109},[49,76535,92],{"class":85},[49,76537,3556],{"class":88},[49,76539,1256],{"class":85},[49,76541,1223],{"class":458},[49,76543,76544],{"class":85},"::",[49,76546,312],{"class":458},[49,76548,20357],{"class":85},[49,76550,76551],{"class":121},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[49,76553,76554,76556,76558,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,76555,110],{"class":109},[49,76557,92],{"class":85},[49,76559,3556],{"class":88},[49,76561,74001],{"class":85},[49,76563,1926],{"class":59},[49,76565,1223],{"class":458},[49,76567,20357],{"class":85},[49,76569,76570],{"class":121},"    # reverse the list\n",[49,76572,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581,76583,76585,76587,76589,76591,76593,76595],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,76574,110],{"class":109},[49,76576,92],{"class":85},[49,76578,3556],{"class":88},[49,76580,1256],{"class":85},[49,76582,2407],{"class":458},[49,76584,1197],{"class":85},[49,76586,1223],{"class":458},[49,76588,1197],{"class":85},[49,76590,1926],{"class":59},[49,76592,1223],{"class":458},[49,76594,20357],{"class":85},[49,76596,76597],{"class":121},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76599,1974],{},[40,76601,76603],{"className":42,"code":76602,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76604,76605,76621,76637,76665],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76606,76607,76609,76611,76613,76615,76617,76619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76608,1256],{"class":85},[49,76610,2233],{"class":458},[49,76612,341],{"class":85},[49,76614,7703],{"class":458},[49,76616,341],{"class":85},[49,76618,4988],{"class":458},[49,76620,1244],{"class":85},[49,76622,76623,76625,76627,76629,76631,76633,76635],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76624,1256],{"class":85},[49,76626,15665],{"class":458},[49,76628,341],{"class":85},[49,76630,50744],{"class":458},[49,76632,341],{"class":85},[49,76634,75977],{"class":458},[49,76636,1244],{"class":85},[49,76638,76639,76641,76643,76645,76647,76649,76651,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,76640,1256],{"class":85},[49,76642,76156],{"class":458},[49,76644,341],{"class":85},[49,76646,4988],{"class":458},[49,76648,341],{"class":85},[49,76650,50744],{"class":458},[49,76652,341],{"class":85},[49,76654,7703],{"class":458},[49,76656,341],{"class":85},[49,76658,7698],{"class":458},[49,76660,341],{"class":85},[49,76662,5911],{"class":458},[49,76664,1244],{"class":85},[49,76666,76667,76669,76672,76674,76676,76678,76680],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,76668,1256],{"class":85},[49,76670,76671],{"class":458},"50",[49,76673,341],{"class":85},[49,76675,50744],{"class":458},[49,76677,341],{"class":85},[49,76679,7703],{"class":458},[49,76681,1244],{"class":85},[20,76683,76684,76685,32],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[820,76686,76687],{"href":74685},"how to reverse a list in Python",[353,76689,76691],{"id":76690},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76693,2739],{},[40,76695,76697],{"className":42,"code":76696,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76698,76699,76719],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76700,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76702,3525],{"class":55},[49,76704,60],{"class":59},[49,76706,3530],{"class":85},[49,76708,1223],{"class":458},[49,76710,341],{"class":85},[49,76712,2896],{"class":458},[49,76714,341],{"class":85},[49,76716,2354],{"class":458},[49,76718,1244],{"class":85},[49,76720,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76722,110],{"class":109},[49,76724,92],{"class":85},[49,76726,3556],{"class":88},[49,76728,74001],{"class":85},[49,76730,516],{"class":458},[49,76732,3794],{"class":85},[20,76734,76735,76736,76738,76739,76741],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76737,1010],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76740,516],{}," does not make sense.",[181,76743,76745],{"id":76744},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76747,76748],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[353,76750,76752],{"id":76751},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[40,76754,76756],{"className":42,"code":76755,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76757,76758,76782,76786],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76759,76760,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76761,3525],{"class":55},[49,76763,60],{"class":59},[49,76765,3530],{"class":85},[49,76767,2233],{"class":458},[49,76769,341],{"class":85},[49,76771,7698],{"class":458},[49,76773,341],{"class":85},[49,76775,7703],{"class":458},[49,76777,341],{"class":85},[49,76779,50744],{"class":458},[49,76781,1244],{"class":85},[49,76783,76784],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76785,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,76787,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,76789,110],{"class":109},[49,76791,92],{"class":85},[49,76793,3556],{"class":88},[49,76795,1256],{"class":85},[49,76797,312],{"class":458},[49,76799,3794],{"class":85},[20,76801,1974],{},[40,76803,76804],{"className":42,"code":69721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,76805,76806],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76807,76808],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76809,69721],{"class":458},[353,76811,76813],{"id":76812},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[40,76815,76817],{"className":42,"code":76816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76818,76819,76843,76847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76820,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76822,3525],{"class":55},[49,76824,60],{"class":59},[49,76826,3530],{"class":85},[49,76828,2233],{"class":458},[49,76830,341],{"class":85},[49,76832,7698],{"class":458},[49,76834,341],{"class":85},[49,76836,7703],{"class":458},[49,76838,341],{"class":85},[49,76840,50744],{"class":458},[49,76842,1244],{"class":85},[49,76844,76845],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76846,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,76848,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,76850,110],{"class":109},[49,76852,92],{"class":85},[49,76854,3556],{"class":88},[49,76856,1256],{"class":85},[49,76858,312],{"class":458},[49,76860,1197],{"class":85},[49,76862,1965],{"class":458},[49,76864,3794],{"class":85},[20,76866,1974],{},[40,76868,76870],{"className":42,"code":76869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[30]\n",[15,76871,76872],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76873,76874,76876,76878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76875,1256],{"class":85},[49,76877,36746],{"class":458},[49,76879,1244],{"class":85},[20,76881,13672],{},[194,76883,76884,76890],{},[197,76885,76886,76889],{},[15,76887,76888],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[197,76891,76892,76895],{},[15,76893,76894],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76897,76898],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[194,76900,76901,76904],{},[197,76902,76903],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[197,76905,76906],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76908,214],{},[40,76910,76912],{"className":42,"code":76911,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76913,76914,76934,76938],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76915,76916,76918,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76917,3525],{"class":55},[49,76919,60],{"class":59},[49,76921,3530],{"class":85},[49,76923,2233],{"class":458},[49,76925,341],{"class":85},[49,76927,7698],{"class":458},[49,76929,341],{"class":85},[49,76931,7703],{"class":458},[49,76933,1244],{"class":85},[49,76935,76936],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76937,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,76939,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952,76954],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,76941,110],{"class":109},[49,76943,92],{"class":85},[49,76945,3556],{"class":88},[49,76947,1256],{"class":85},[49,76949,2040],{"class":458},[49,76951,1197],{"class":85},[49,76953,2233],{"class":458},[49,76955,3794],{"class":85},[20,76957,1974],{},[40,76959,76960],{"className":42,"code":38200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,76961,76962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76963,76964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76965,38200],{"class":85},[20,76967,76968],{},"But this would raise an error:",[40,76970,76972],{"className":42,"code":76971,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76973,76974,76994,76998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,76975,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,76977,3525],{"class":55},[49,76979,60],{"class":59},[49,76981,3530],{"class":85},[49,76983,2233],{"class":458},[49,76985,341],{"class":85},[49,76987,7698],{"class":458},[49,76989,341],{"class":85},[49,76991,7703],{"class":458},[49,76993,1244],{"class":85},[49,76995,76996],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,76997,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,76999,77000,77002,77004,77006,77008,77010],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,77001,110],{"class":109},[49,77003,92],{"class":85},[49,77005,3556],{"class":88},[49,77007,1256],{"class":85},[49,77009,2040],{"class":458},[49,77011,3794],{"class":85},[20,77013,77014,77015,32],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[820,77016,69141],{"href":69140},[181,77018,15087],{"id":77019},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77021,77022],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[194,77024,77025,77029,77031,77034,77040],{},[197,77026,4610,77027,75618],{},[15,77028,75305],{},[197,77030,60583],{},[197,77032,77033],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[197,77035,1339,77036,1342,77038],{},[15,77037,75938],{},[15,77039,73405],{},[197,77041,77042,77043,77045],{},"Using step ",[15,77044,516],{},", which causes an error",[353,77047,77049],{"id":77048},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[40,77051,77053],{"className":42,"code":77052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77054,77055,77083],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77056,77057,77059,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77058,3525],{"class":55},[49,77060,60],{"class":59},[49,77062,3530],{"class":85},[49,77064,2233],{"class":458},[49,77066,341],{"class":85},[49,77068,7698],{"class":458},[49,77070,341],{"class":85},[49,77072,7703],{"class":458},[49,77074,341],{"class":85},[49,77076,50744],{"class":458},[49,77078,341],{"class":85},[49,77080,4988],{"class":458},[49,77082,1244],{"class":85},[49,77084,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095,77097,77099],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77086,110],{"class":109},[49,77088,92],{"class":85},[49,77090,3556],{"class":88},[49,77092,1256],{"class":85},[49,77094,1223],{"class":458},[49,77096,1197],{"class":85},[49,77098,2407],{"class":458},[49,77100,3794],{"class":85},[20,77102,77103],{},"This returns:",[40,77105,77107],{"className":42,"code":77106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77108,77109],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77110,77111,77113,77115,77117,77119,77121,77123],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77112,1256],{"class":85},[49,77114,15665],{"class":458},[49,77116,341],{"class":85},[49,77118,7703],{"class":458},[49,77120,341],{"class":85},[49,77122,50744],{"class":458},[49,77124,1244],{"class":85},[20,77126,40808,77127,77129,77130,77132,77133,32],{},[666,77128,4536],{}," include ",[15,77131,76671],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77134,2407],{},[353,77136,77138],{"id":77137},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77140,16555],{},[40,77142,77144],{"className":42,"code":77143,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77145,77146,77166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77147,77148,77150,77152,77154,77156,77158,77160,77162,77164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77149,3525],{"class":55},[49,77151,60],{"class":59},[49,77153,3530],{"class":85},[49,77155,2233],{"class":458},[49,77157,341],{"class":85},[49,77159,7698],{"class":458},[49,77161,341],{"class":85},[49,77163,7703],{"class":458},[49,77165,1244],{"class":85},[49,77167,77168],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77169,77170],{"class":121},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77172,77173],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[40,77175,77177],{"className":42,"code":77176,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77178,77179],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77180,77181,77183,77185,77187,77189,77191,77193,77195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77182,110],{"class":109},[49,77184,92],{"class":85},[49,77186,3556],{"class":88},[49,77188,1256],{"class":85},[49,77190,1223],{"class":458},[49,77192,1197],{"class":85},[49,77194,1965],{"class":458},[49,77196,3794],{"class":85},[353,77198,77200],{"id":77199},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77202,77203],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[40,77205,77207],{"className":42,"code":77206,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77208,77209,77233,77247,77251,77261],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77210,77211,77213,77215,77217,77219,77221,77223,77225,77227,77229,77231],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77212,3525],{"class":55},[49,77214,60],{"class":59},[49,77216,3530],{"class":85},[49,77218,2233],{"class":458},[49,77220,341],{"class":85},[49,77222,7698],{"class":458},[49,77224,341],{"class":85},[49,77226,7703],{"class":458},[49,77228,341],{"class":85},[49,77230,50744],{"class":458},[49,77232,1244],{"class":85},[49,77234,77235,77237,77239,77241,77243,77245],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77236,75536],{"class":55},[49,77238,60],{"class":59},[49,77240,4169],{"class":55},[49,77242,1238],{"class":85},[49,77244,312],{"class":458},[49,77246,1244],{"class":85},[49,77248,77249],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,77250,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,77252,77253,77255,77257,77259],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,77254,110],{"class":109},[49,77256,92],{"class":85},[49,77258,75559],{"class":88},[49,77260,103],{"class":85},[49,77262,77263,77265,77267,77269],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,77264,110],{"class":109},[49,77266,92],{"class":85},[49,77268,3556],{"class":88},[49,77270,103],{"class":85},[20,77272,1974],{},[40,77274,77276],{"className":42,"code":77275,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77277,77278,77290],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77279,77280,77282,77284,77286,77288],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77281,1256],{"class":85},[49,77283,2233],{"class":458},[49,77285,341],{"class":85},[49,77287,7698],{"class":458},[49,77289,1244],{"class":85},[49,77291,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300,77302,77304,77306,77308],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77293,1256],{"class":85},[49,77295,2233],{"class":458},[49,77297,341],{"class":85},[49,77299,7698],{"class":458},[49,77301,341],{"class":85},[49,77303,7703],{"class":458},[49,77305,341],{"class":85},[49,77307,50744],{"class":458},[49,77309,1244],{"class":85},[20,77311,77312],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[353,77314,77316,77317,1342,77319],{"id":77315},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77318,75938],{},[15,77320,73405],{},[40,77322,77324],{"className":42,"code":77323,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77325,77326,77346,77350,77367,77378],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77327,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77329,3525],{"class":55},[49,77331,60],{"class":59},[49,77333,3530],{"class":85},[49,77335,2233],{"class":458},[49,77337,341],{"class":85},[49,77339,7698],{"class":458},[49,77341,341],{"class":85},[49,77343,7703],{"class":458},[49,77345,1244],{"class":85},[49,77347,77348],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77349,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,77351,77352,77355,77357,77359,77361,77363,77365],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,77353,77354],{"class":55},"reversed_copy ",[49,77356,60],{"class":59},[49,77358,4169],{"class":55},[49,77360,74001],{"class":85},[49,77362,1926],{"class":59},[49,77364,1223],{"class":458},[49,77366,1244],{"class":85},[49,77368,77369,77371,77373,77376],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,77370,110],{"class":109},[49,77372,92],{"class":85},[49,77374,77375],{"class":88},"reversed_copy",[49,77377,103],{"class":85},[49,77379,77380,77382,77384,77386],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,77381,110],{"class":109},[49,77383,92],{"class":85},[49,77385,3556],{"class":88},[49,77387,103],{"class":85},[20,77389,1974],{},[40,77391,77393],{"className":42,"code":77392,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77394,77395,77411],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77396,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77398,1256],{"class":85},[49,77400,36746],{"class":458},[49,77402,341],{"class":85},[49,77404,7698],{"class":458},[49,77406,341],{"class":85},[49,77408,5911],{"class":458},[49,77410,1244],{"class":85},[49,77412,77413,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77414,1256],{"class":85},[49,77416,2233],{"class":458},[49,77418,341],{"class":85},[49,77420,7698],{"class":458},[49,77422,341],{"class":85},[49,77424,7703],{"class":458},[49,77426,1244],{"class":85},[20,77428,77429,77432],{},[15,77430,77431],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77434,77435,77436,77439],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77437,77438],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[353,77441,77443],{"id":77442},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77445,77446],{},"This is not allowed:",[40,77448,77450],{"className":42,"code":77449,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77451,77452,77472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77453,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468,77470],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77455,3525],{"class":55},[49,77457,60],{"class":59},[49,77459,3530],{"class":85},[49,77461,2233],{"class":458},[49,77463,341],{"class":85},[49,77465,7698],{"class":458},[49,77467,341],{"class":85},[49,77469,7703],{"class":458},[49,77471,1244],{"class":85},[49,77473,77474],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77475,77476],{"class":121},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77478,77479,77480,32],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77481,1010],{},[181,77483,77485],{"id":77484},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77487,77488],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[194,77490,77491,77498,77504,77507,77510],{},[197,77492,1339,77493,380,77495,77497],{},[15,77494,368],{},[15,77496,75305],{}," positions",[197,77499,77500,77501,77503],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77502,75305],{}," index is included",[197,77505,77506],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[197,77508,77509],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[197,77511,77512],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77514,77515],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[40,77517,77519],{"className":42,"code":77518,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77520,77521,77531,77545,77563,77577,77594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77522,77523,77525,77527,77529],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77524,110],{"class":109},[49,77526,92],{"class":85},[49,77528,8248],{"class":88},[49,77530,103],{"class":85},[49,77532,77533,77535,77537,77539,77541,77543],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77534,110],{"class":109},[49,77536,92],{"class":85},[49,77538,1631],{"class":109},[49,77540,92],{"class":85},[49,77542,8248],{"class":88},[49,77544,1581],{"class":85},[49,77546,77547,77549,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,77548,110],{"class":109},[49,77550,92],{"class":85},[49,77552,8248],{"class":88},[49,77554,1256],{"class":85},[49,77556,1223],{"class":458},[49,77558,1197],{"class":85},[49,77560,2407],{"class":458},[49,77562,3794],{"class":85},[49,77564,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,77566,110],{"class":109},[49,77568,92],{"class":85},[49,77570,8248],{"class":88},[49,77572,1238],{"class":85},[49,77574,1965],{"class":458},[49,77576,3794],{"class":85},[49,77578,77579,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,77580,110],{"class":109},[49,77582,92],{"class":85},[49,77584,8248],{"class":88},[49,77586,1256],{"class":85},[49,77588,1926],{"class":59},[49,77590,1965],{"class":458},[49,77592,77593],{"class":85},":])\n",[49,77595,77596,77598,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,77597,110],{"class":109},[49,77599,92],{"class":85},[49,77601,8248],{"class":88},[49,77603,74001],{"class":85},[49,77605,1926],{"class":59},[49,77607,1223],{"class":458},[49,77609,3794],{"class":85},[20,77611,644,77612,77614,77615,77619],{},[15,77613,42261],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[820,77616,77618],{"href":77617},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[181,77621,1704],{"id":1703},[353,77623,77625],{"id":77624},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77627,77628],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[353,77630,77632],{"id":77631},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77634,77635],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[353,77637,5050,77639,39863],{"id":77638},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77640,75938],{},[20,77642,77643],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[353,77645,77647,77648,2394],{"id":77646},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77649,70612],{},[20,77651,77652],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[181,77654,1775],{"id":1774},[194,77656,77657,77662,77667,77671,77675,77679],{},[197,77658,77659],{},[820,77660,77661],{"href":50879},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[197,77663,77664],{},[820,77665,77666],{"href":57051},"How to create a list in Python",[197,77668,77669],{},[820,77670,14875],{"href":57117},[197,77672,77673],{},[820,77674,74686],{"href":74685},[197,77676,77677],{},[820,77678,77618],{"href":77617},[197,77680,77681],{},[820,77682,69141],{"href":69140},[20,77684,77685,77686,77688],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77687,42261],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1834,77690,77691],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":77693},[77694,77695,77696,77697,77698,77699,77702,77706,77714,77715,77723],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":75467,"depth":74,"text":75468},{"id":75630,"depth":74,"text":75631},{"id":75892,"depth":74,"text":75893},{"id":76186,"depth":74,"text":76187},{"id":76432,"depth":74,"text":76433,"children":77700},[77701],{"id":76690,"depth":106,"text":76691},{"id":76744,"depth":74,"text":76745,"children":77703},[77704,77705],{"id":76751,"depth":106,"text":76752},{"id":76812,"depth":106,"text":76813},{"id":77019,"depth":74,"text":15087,"children":77707},[77708,77709,77710,77711,77713],{"id":77048,"depth":106,"text":77049},{"id":77137,"depth":106,"text":77138},{"id":77199,"depth":106,"text":77200},{"id":77315,"depth":106,"text":77712},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77442,"depth":106,"text":77443},{"id":77484,"depth":74,"text":77485},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":77716},[77717,77718,77719,77721],{"id":77624,"depth":106,"text":77625},{"id":77631,"depth":106,"text":77632},{"id":77638,"depth":106,"text":77720},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77646,"depth":106,"text":77722},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75292,"description":77724},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77731,"title":77732,"body":77733,"description":79801,"extension":1866,"meta":79802,"navigation":128,"path":79803,"seo":79804,"stem":79805,"__hash__":79806},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77734,"toc":79767},[77735,77740,77746,77752,77754,77801,77808,77813,77817,77832,77835,77888,77890,77915,77920,77922,77954,77957,77973,77975,78036,78038,78063,78067,78072,78125,78127,78152,78157,78218,78220,78245,78248,78255,78259,78262,78323,78325,78358,78361,78422,78424,78457,78463,78536,78538,78570,78577,78582,78587,78589,78601,78604,78682,78684,78725,78728,78802,78804,78837,78842,78849,78856,78860,78869,78873,78881,78883,78950,78952,78988,78993,79004,79006,79011,79016,79018,79081,79083,79108,79115,79120,79124,79127,79166,79171,79177,79182,79184,79211,79216,79219,79266,79268,79325,79332,79337,79343,79412,79416,79419,79482,79484,79517,79522,79524,79527,79608,79610,79634,79640,79642,79647,79651,79658,79666,79670,79672,79695,79699,79701,79728,79731,79738,79741,79743,79764],[10,77736,54240,77738,18],{"id":77737},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77739,64202],{},[20,77741,77742,77745],{},[15,77743,77744],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77747,77748,77749,77751],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77750,64202],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[181,77753,1907],{"id":1906},[40,77755,77757],{"className":42,"code":77756,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77758,77759,77779,77789],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77760,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77762,3525],{"class":55},[49,77764,60],{"class":59},[49,77766,3530],{"class":85},[49,77768,1965],{"class":458},[49,77770,341],{"class":85},[49,77772,1264],{"class":458},[49,77774,341],{"class":85},[49,77776,2896],{"class":458},[49,77778,1244],{"class":85},[49,77780,77781,77783,77785,77787],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77782,3556],{"class":55},[49,77784,32],{"class":85},[49,77786,34706],{"class":88},[49,77788,8548],{"class":85},[49,77790,77791,77793,77795,77797,77799],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,77792,110],{"class":109},[49,77794,92],{"class":85},[49,77796,3556],{"class":88},[49,77798,118],{"class":85},[49,77800,54830],{"class":121},[20,77802,35,77803,77805,77806,32],{},[15,77804,77744],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77807,3684],{},[181,77809,184,77811,187],{"id":77810},"what-listsort-does",[15,77812,77744],{},[20,77814,77815,1197],{},[15,77816,77744],{},[194,77818,77819,77822,77825,77829],{},[197,77820,77821],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[197,77823,77824],{},"Changes the original list",[197,77826,205,77827],{},[15,77828,3684],{},[197,77830,77831],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77833,77834],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[40,77836,77838],{"className":42,"code":77837,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77839,77840,77864,77874,77878],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77841,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77843,3525],{"class":55},[49,77845,60],{"class":59},[49,77847,3530],{"class":85},[49,77849,2040],{"class":458},[49,77851,341],{"class":85},[49,77853,2896],{"class":458},[49,77855,341],{"class":85},[49,77857,54034],{"class":458},[49,77859,341],{"class":85},[49,77861,1264],{"class":458},[49,77863,1244],{"class":85},[49,77865,77866,77868,77870,77872],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,77867,3556],{"class":55},[49,77869,32],{"class":85},[49,77871,34706],{"class":88},[49,77873,8548],{"class":85},[49,77875,77876],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,77877,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,77879,77880,77882,77884,77886],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,77881,110],{"class":109},[49,77883,92],{"class":85},[49,77885,3556],{"class":88},[49,77887,103],{"class":85},[20,77889,1974],{},[40,77891,77893],{"className":42,"code":77892,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77894,77895],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77896,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77898,1256],{"class":85},[49,77900,1223],{"class":458},[49,77902,341],{"class":85},[49,77904,2896],{"class":458},[49,77906,341],{"class":85},[49,77908,459],{"class":458},[49,77910,341],{"class":85},[49,77912,54034],{"class":458},[49,77914,1244],{"class":85},[20,77916,77917,77918,32],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[820,77919,66959],{"href":50879},[181,77921,316],{"id":315},[40,77923,77925],{"className":42,"code":77924,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77926,77927],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77928,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945,77948,77950,77952],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77930,8248],{"class":55},[49,77932,32],{"class":85},[49,77934,34706],{"class":88},[49,77936,92],{"class":85},[49,77938,14751],{"class":9081},[49,77940,60],{"class":59},[49,77942,3684],{"class":3757},[49,77944,341],{"class":85},[49,77946,77947],{"class":9081}," reverse",[49,77949,60],{"class":59},[49,77951,637],{"class":3757},[49,77953,103],{"class":85},[20,77955,77956],{},"Main arguments:",[194,77958,77959,77964,77970],{},[197,77960,77961,77963],{},[15,77962,14751],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[197,77965,77966,77969],{},[15,77967,77968],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[197,77971,77972],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77974,214],{},[40,77976,77978],{"className":42,"code":77977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77979,77980,78004,78022,78026],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,77981,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,77983,3525],{"class":55},[49,77985,60],{"class":59},[49,77987,3530],{"class":85},[49,77989,2407],{"class":458},[49,77991,341],{"class":85},[49,77993,1264],{"class":458},[49,77995,341],{"class":85},[49,77997,493],{"class":458},[49,77999,341],{"class":85},[49,78001,2896],{"class":458},[49,78003,1244],{"class":85},[49,78005,78006,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78007,3556],{"class":55},[49,78009,32],{"class":85},[49,78011,34706],{"class":88},[49,78013,92],{"class":85},[49,78015,73456],{"class":9081},[49,78017,60],{"class":59},[49,78019,633],{"class":3757},[49,78021,103],{"class":85},[49,78023,78024],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,78025,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78027,78028,78030,78032,78034],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,78029,110],{"class":109},[49,78031,92],{"class":85},[49,78033,3556],{"class":88},[49,78035,103],{"class":85},[20,78037,1974],{},[40,78039,78041],{"className":42,"code":78040,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78042,78043],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78044,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78046,1256],{"class":85},[49,78048,1929],{"class":458},[49,78050,341],{"class":85},[49,78052,808],{"class":458},[49,78054,341],{"class":85},[49,78056,2896],{"class":458},[49,78058,341],{"class":85},[49,78060,1264],{"class":458},[49,78062,1244],{"class":85},[181,78064,78066],{"id":78065},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78068,35,78069,78071],{},[15,78070,64202],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[40,78073,78075],{"className":42,"code":78074,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78076,78077,78101,78111,78115],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78078,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78080,3525],{"class":55},[49,78082,60],{"class":59},[49,78084,3530],{"class":85},[49,78086,2233],{"class":458},[49,78088,341],{"class":85},[49,78090,2354],{"class":458},[49,78092,341],{"class":85},[49,78094,6267],{"class":458},[49,78096,341],{"class":85},[49,78098,1264],{"class":458},[49,78100,1244],{"class":85},[49,78102,78103,78105,78107,78109],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78104,3556],{"class":55},[49,78106,32],{"class":85},[49,78108,34706],{"class":88},[49,78110,8548],{"class":85},[49,78112,78113],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,78114,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78116,78117,78119,78121,78123],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,78118,110],{"class":109},[49,78120,92],{"class":85},[49,78122,3556],{"class":88},[49,78124,103],{"class":85},[20,78126,1974],{},[40,78128,78130],{"className":42,"code":78129,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78131,78132],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78133,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148,78150],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78135,1256],{"class":85},[49,78137,1223],{"class":458},[49,78139,341],{"class":85},[49,78141,2354],{"class":458},[49,78143,341],{"class":85},[49,78145,6267],{"class":458},[49,78147,341],{"class":85},[49,78149,5911],{"class":458},[49,78151,1244],{"class":85},[20,78153,35,78154,78156],{},[15,78155,77968],{}," for descending order:",[40,78158,78160],{"className":42,"code":78159,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78161,78162,78186,78204,78208],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78163,78164,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78165,3525],{"class":55},[49,78167,60],{"class":59},[49,78169,3530],{"class":85},[49,78171,2233],{"class":458},[49,78173,341],{"class":85},[49,78175,2354],{"class":458},[49,78177,341],{"class":85},[49,78179,6267],{"class":458},[49,78181,341],{"class":85},[49,78183,1264],{"class":458},[49,78185,1244],{"class":85},[49,78187,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198,78200,78202],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78189,3556],{"class":55},[49,78191,32],{"class":85},[49,78193,34706],{"class":88},[49,78195,92],{"class":85},[49,78197,73456],{"class":9081},[49,78199,60],{"class":59},[49,78201,633],{"class":3757},[49,78203,103],{"class":85},[49,78205,78206],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,78207,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78209,78210,78212,78214,78216],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,78211,110],{"class":109},[49,78213,92],{"class":85},[49,78215,3556],{"class":88},[49,78217,103],{"class":85},[20,78219,1974],{},[40,78221,78223],{"className":42,"code":78222,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78224,78225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78226,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78243],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78228,1256],{"class":85},[49,78230,2233],{"class":458},[49,78232,341],{"class":85},[49,78234,6267],{"class":458},[49,78236,341],{"class":85},[49,78238,2354],{"class":458},[49,78240,341],{"class":85},[49,78242,1264],{"class":458},[49,78244,1244],{"class":85},[20,78246,78247],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78249,78250,78251,32],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[820,78252,78254],{"href":78253},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[181,78256,78258],{"id":78257},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78260,78261],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[40,78263,78265],{"className":42,"code":78264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78266,78267,78299,78309,78313],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78268,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78270,3976],{"class":55},[49,78272,60],{"class":59},[49,78274,3530],{"class":85},[49,78276,95],{"class":63},[49,78278,230],{"class":67},[49,78280,95],{"class":63},[49,78282,341],{"class":85},[49,78284,64],{"class":63},[49,78286,3985],{"class":67},[49,78288,95],{"class":63},[49,78290,341],{"class":85},[49,78292,64],{"class":63},[49,78294,4002],{"class":67},[49,78296,95],{"class":63},[49,78298,1244],{"class":85},[49,78300,78301,78303,78305,78307],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78302,4019],{"class":55},[49,78304,32],{"class":85},[49,78306,34706],{"class":88},[49,78308,8548],{"class":85},[49,78310,78311],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,78312,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78314,78315,78317,78319,78321],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,78316,110],{"class":109},[49,78318,92],{"class":85},[49,78320,4019],{"class":88},[49,78322,103],{"class":85},[20,78324,1974],{},[40,78326,78328],{"className":42,"code":78327,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78329,78330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78331,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346,78348,78350,78352,78354,78356],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78333,1256],{"class":85},[49,78335,1573],{"class":63},[49,78337,3985],{"class":67},[49,78339,1573],{"class":63},[49,78341,341],{"class":85},[49,78343,3202],{"class":63},[49,78345,230],{"class":67},[49,78347,1573],{"class":63},[49,78349,341],{"class":85},[49,78351,3202],{"class":63},[49,78353,4002],{"class":67},[49,78355,1573],{"class":63},[49,78357,1244],{"class":85},[20,78359,78360],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[40,78362,78364],{"className":42,"code":78363,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78365,78366,78398,78408,78412],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78367,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78369,3976],{"class":55},[49,78371,60],{"class":59},[49,78373,3530],{"class":85},[49,78375,95],{"class":63},[49,78377,230],{"class":67},[49,78379,95],{"class":63},[49,78381,341],{"class":85},[49,78383,64],{"class":63},[49,78385,57664],{"class":67},[49,78387,95],{"class":63},[49,78389,341],{"class":85},[49,78391,64],{"class":63},[49,78393,4002],{"class":67},[49,78395,95],{"class":63},[49,78397,1244],{"class":85},[49,78399,78400,78402,78404,78406],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78401,4019],{"class":55},[49,78403,32],{"class":85},[49,78405,34706],{"class":88},[49,78407,8548],{"class":85},[49,78409,78410],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,78411,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78413,78414,78416,78418,78420],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,78415,110],{"class":109},[49,78417,92],{"class":85},[49,78419,4019],{"class":88},[49,78421,103],{"class":85},[20,78423,1974],{},[40,78425,78427],{"className":42,"code":78426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78428,78429],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78430,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439,78441,78443,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78432,1256],{"class":85},[49,78434,1573],{"class":63},[49,78436,57664],{"class":67},[49,78438,1573],{"class":63},[49,78440,341],{"class":85},[49,78442,3202],{"class":63},[49,78444,230],{"class":67},[49,78446,1573],{"class":63},[49,78448,341],{"class":85},[49,78450,3202],{"class":63},[49,78452,4002],{"class":67},[49,78454,1573],{"class":63},[49,78456,1244],{"class":85},[20,78458,78459,78460,1197],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78461,78462],{},"key=str.lower",[40,78464,78466],{"className":42,"code":78465,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78467,78468,78500,78522,78526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78469,78470,78472,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78471,3976],{"class":55},[49,78473,60],{"class":59},[49,78475,3530],{"class":85},[49,78477,95],{"class":63},[49,78479,230],{"class":67},[49,78481,95],{"class":63},[49,78483,341],{"class":85},[49,78485,64],{"class":63},[49,78487,57664],{"class":67},[49,78489,95],{"class":63},[49,78491,341],{"class":85},[49,78493,64],{"class":63},[49,78495,4002],{"class":67},[49,78497,95],{"class":63},[49,78499,1244],{"class":85},[49,78501,78502,78504,78506,78508,78510,78512,78514,78516,78518,78520],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78503,4019],{"class":55},[49,78505,32],{"class":85},[49,78507,34706],{"class":88},[49,78509,92],{"class":85},[49,78511,14751],{"class":9081},[49,78513,60],{"class":59},[49,78515,3349],{"class":2804},[49,78517,32],{"class":85},[49,78519,960],{"class":24660},[49,78521,103],{"class":85},[49,78523,78524],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,78525,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78527,78528,78530,78532,78534],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,78529,110],{"class":109},[49,78531,92],{"class":85},[49,78533,4019],{"class":88},[49,78535,103],{"class":85},[20,78537,1974],{},[40,78539,78540],{"className":42,"code":78426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,78541,78542],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78543,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78545,1256],{"class":85},[49,78547,1573],{"class":63},[49,78549,57664],{"class":67},[49,78551,1573],{"class":63},[49,78553,341],{"class":85},[49,78555,3202],{"class":63},[49,78557,230],{"class":67},[49,78559,1573],{"class":63},[49,78561,341],{"class":85},[49,78563,3202],{"class":63},[49,78565,4002],{"class":67},[49,78567,1573],{"class":63},[49,78569,1244],{"class":85},[20,78571,78572,78573,78576],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78574,78575],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[181,78578,36517,78580,36520],{"id":78579},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78581,14751],{},[20,78583,661,78584,78586],{},[15,78585,14751],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78588,7249],{},[194,78590,78591,78596],{},[197,78592,78593,78595],{},[15,78594,1631],{}," to sort by length",[197,78597,78598,78600],{},[15,78599,78575],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78602,78603],{},"Sort words by length:",[40,78605,78607],{"className":42,"code":78606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78608,78609,78650,78668,78672],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78610,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78612,3976],{"class":55},[49,78614,60],{"class":59},[49,78616,3530],{"class":85},[49,78618,95],{"class":63},[49,78620,78621],{"class":67},"pear",[49,78623,95],{"class":63},[49,78625,341],{"class":85},[49,78627,64],{"class":63},[49,78629,230],{"class":67},[49,78631,95],{"class":63},[49,78633,341],{"class":85},[49,78635,64],{"class":63},[49,78637,38261],{"class":67},[49,78639,95],{"class":63},[49,78641,341],{"class":85},[49,78643,64],{"class":63},[49,78645,3985],{"class":67},[49,78647,95],{"class":63},[49,78649,1244],{"class":85},[49,78651,78652,78654,78656,78658,78660,78662,78664,78666],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78653,4019],{"class":55},[49,78655,32],{"class":85},[49,78657,34706],{"class":88},[49,78659,92],{"class":85},[49,78661,14751],{"class":9081},[49,78663,60],{"class":59},[49,78665,1631],{"class":109},[49,78667,103],{"class":85},[49,78669,78670],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,78671,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78673,78674,78676,78678,78680],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,78675,110],{"class":109},[49,78677,92],{"class":85},[49,78679,4019],{"class":88},[49,78681,103],{"class":85},[20,78683,1974],{},[40,78685,78687],{"className":42,"code":78686,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78688,78689],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78690,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78692,1256],{"class":85},[49,78694,1573],{"class":63},[49,78696,38261],{"class":67},[49,78698,1573],{"class":63},[49,78700,341],{"class":85},[49,78702,3202],{"class":63},[49,78704,78621],{"class":67},[49,78706,1573],{"class":63},[49,78708,341],{"class":85},[49,78710,3202],{"class":63},[49,78712,3985],{"class":67},[49,78714,1573],{"class":63},[49,78716,341],{"class":85},[49,78718,3202],{"class":63},[49,78720,230],{"class":67},[49,78722,1573],{"class":63},[49,78724,1244],{"class":85},[20,78726,78727],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[40,78729,78731],{"className":42,"code":78730,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78732,78733,78766,78788,78792],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78734,78735,78737,78739,78741,78743,78745,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755,78757,78759,78762,78764],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78736,3976],{"class":55},[49,78738,60],{"class":59},[49,78740,3530],{"class":85},[49,78742,95],{"class":63},[49,78744,4920],{"class":67},[49,78746,95],{"class":63},[49,78748,341],{"class":85},[49,78750,64],{"class":63},[49,78752,17713],{"class":67},[49,78754,95],{"class":63},[49,78756,341],{"class":85},[49,78758,64],{"class":63},[49,78760,78761],{"class":67},"Carol",[49,78763,95],{"class":63},[49,78765,1244],{"class":85},[49,78767,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78769,4019],{"class":55},[49,78771,32],{"class":85},[49,78773,34706],{"class":88},[49,78775,92],{"class":85},[49,78777,14751],{"class":9081},[49,78779,60],{"class":59},[49,78781,3349],{"class":2804},[49,78783,32],{"class":85},[49,78785,960],{"class":24660},[49,78787,103],{"class":85},[49,78789,78790],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,78791,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78793,78794,78796,78798,78800],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,78795,110],{"class":109},[49,78797,92],{"class":85},[49,78799,4019],{"class":88},[49,78801,103],{"class":85},[20,78803,1974],{},[40,78805,78807],{"className":42,"code":78806,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78808,78809],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78810,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819,78821,78823,78825,78827,78829,78831,78833,78835],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78812,1256],{"class":85},[49,78814,1573],{"class":63},[49,78816,17713],{"class":67},[49,78818,1573],{"class":63},[49,78820,341],{"class":85},[49,78822,3202],{"class":63},[49,78824,4920],{"class":67},[49,78826,1573],{"class":63},[49,78828,341],{"class":85},[49,78830,3202],{"class":63},[49,78832,78761],{"class":67},[49,78834,1573],{"class":63},[49,78836,1244],{"class":85},[20,78838,661,78839,78841],{},[15,78840,14751],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[181,78843,78845,983,78847],{"id":78844},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78846,77744],{},[15,78848,74303],{},[20,78850,78851,380,78853,78855],{},[15,78852,77744],{},[15,78854,74303],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78857,78858,1197],{},[15,78859,77744],{},[194,78861,78862,78865],{},[197,78863,78864],{},"Changes the existing list",[197,78866,205,78867],{},[15,78868,3684],{},[20,78870,78871,1197],{},[15,78872,74303],{},[194,78874,78875,78878],{},[197,78876,78877],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[197,78879,78880],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78882,214],{},[40,78884,78886],{"className":42,"code":78885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78887,78888,78908,78912,78926,78930,78940],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78889,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902,78904,78906],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78891,3525],{"class":55},[49,78893,60],{"class":59},[49,78895,3530],{"class":85},[49,78897,1965],{"class":458},[49,78899,341],{"class":85},[49,78901,1264],{"class":458},[49,78903,341],{"class":85},[49,78905,2896],{"class":458},[49,78907,1244],{"class":85},[49,78909,78910],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78911,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78913,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,78915,55787],{"class":55},[49,78917,60],{"class":59},[49,78919,74437],{"class":109},[49,78921,92],{"class":85},[49,78923,3556],{"class":88},[49,78925,103],{"class":85},[49,78927,78928],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,78929,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,78931,78932,78934,78936,78938],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,78933,110],{"class":109},[49,78935,92],{"class":85},[49,78937,3556],{"class":88},[49,78939,103],{"class":85},[49,78941,78942,78944,78946,78948],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,78943,110],{"class":109},[49,78945,92],{"class":85},[49,78947,74160],{"class":88},[49,78949,103],{"class":85},[20,78951,1974],{},[40,78953,78954],{"className":42,"code":74472,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,78955,78956,78972],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,78957,78958,78960,78962,78964,78966,78968,78970],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,78959,1256],{"class":85},[49,78961,1965],{"class":458},[49,78963,341],{"class":85},[49,78965,1264],{"class":458},[49,78967,341],{"class":85},[49,78969,2896],{"class":458},[49,78971,1244],{"class":85},[49,78973,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,78975,1256],{"class":85},[49,78977,1223],{"class":458},[49,78979,341],{"class":85},[49,78981,2896],{"class":458},[49,78983,341],{"class":85},[49,78985,2354],{"class":458},[49,78987,1244],{"class":85},[20,78989,35,78990,78992],{},[15,78991,74303],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78994,78995,78996,380,79000,32],{},"You can learn more in ",[820,78997,3482,78998,5690],{"href":74400},[15,78999,74303],{},[820,79001,79003],{"href":79002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[181,79005,1308],{"id":1307},[20,79007,79008,79009,32],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79010,77744],{},[353,79012,12502,79014],{"id":79013},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79015,64202],{},[20,79017,25600],{},[40,79019,79021],{"className":42,"code":79020,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79022,79023,79043,79057,79061,79071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79024,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79026,3525],{"class":55},[49,79028,60],{"class":59},[49,79030,3530],{"class":85},[49,79032,1965],{"class":458},[49,79034,341],{"class":85},[49,79036,1264],{"class":458},[49,79038,341],{"class":85},[49,79040,2896],{"class":458},[49,79042,1244],{"class":85},[49,79044,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,79046,2131],{"class":55},[49,79048,60],{"class":59},[49,79050,4169],{"class":55},[49,79052,32],{"class":85},[49,79054,34706],{"class":88},[49,79056,8548],{"class":85},[49,79058,79059],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,79060,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,79062,79063,79065,79067,79069],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,79064,110],{"class":109},[49,79066,92],{"class":85},[49,79068,2166],{"class":88},[49,79070,103],{"class":85},[49,79072,79073,79075,79077,79079],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,79074,110],{"class":109},[49,79076,92],{"class":85},[49,79078,3556],{"class":88},[49,79080,103],{"class":85},[20,79082,1974],{},[40,79084,79086],{"className":42,"code":79085,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79087,79088,79092],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79089,79090],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79091,11715],{"class":3757},[49,79093,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,79095,1256],{"class":85},[49,79097,1223],{"class":458},[49,79099,341],{"class":85},[49,79101,2896],{"class":458},[49,79103,341],{"class":85},[49,79105,2354],{"class":458},[49,79107,1244],{"class":85},[20,79109,79110,79112,79113,32],{},[15,79111,64202],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79114,3684],{},[20,79116,79117,79118,6537],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79119,74303],{},[353,79121,79123],{"id":79122},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79125,79126],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[40,79128,79130],{"className":42,"code":79129,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79131,79132,79156],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79133,79134,79136,79138,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79135,7687],{"class":55},[49,79137,60],{"class":59},[49,79139,3530],{"class":85},[49,79141,1223],{"class":458},[49,79143,341],{"class":85},[49,79145,64],{"class":63},[49,79147,710],{"class":67},[49,79149,95],{"class":63},[49,79151,341],{"class":85},[49,79153,2354],{"class":458},[49,79155,1244],{"class":85},[49,79157,79158,79160,79162,79164],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,79159,7718],{"class":55},[49,79161,32],{"class":85},[49,79163,34706],{"class":88},[49,79165,8548],{"class":85},[20,79167,2906,79168,79170],{},[15,79169,2909],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[353,79172,4610,79174,79176],{"id":79173},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79175,64202],{}," only works on lists",[20,79178,79179,79181],{},[15,79180,64202],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79183,16555],{},[40,79185,79187],{"className":42,"code":79186,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79188,79189,79201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79190,79191,79193,79195,79197,79199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79192,56],{"class":55},[49,79194,60],{"class":59},[49,79196,64],{"class":63},[49,79198,44],{"class":67},[49,79200,71],{"class":63},[49,79202,79203,79205,79207,79209],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,79204,245],{"class":55},[49,79206,32],{"class":85},[49,79208,34706],{"class":88},[49,79210,8548],{"class":85},[20,79212,79213,79214,33508],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79215,64202],{},[20,79217,79218],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[40,79220,79222],{"className":42,"code":79221,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79223,79224,79242,79252,79256],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79225,79226,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236,79238,79240],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79227,35994],{"class":55},[49,79229,60],{"class":59},[49,79231,22469],{"class":2804},[49,79233,92],{"class":85},[49,79235,95],{"class":63},[49,79237,44],{"class":67},[49,79239,95],{"class":63},[49,79241,103],{"class":85},[49,79243,79244,79246,79248,79250],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,79245,36047],{"class":55},[49,79247,32],{"class":85},[49,79249,34706],{"class":88},[49,79251,8548],{"class":85},[49,79253,79254],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,79255,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,79257,79258,79260,79262,79264],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,79259,110],{"class":109},[49,79261,92],{"class":85},[49,79263,36047],{"class":88},[49,79265,103],{"class":85},[20,79267,1974],{},[40,79269,79271],{"className":42,"code":79270,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79272,79273],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79274,79275,79277,79279,79281,79283,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293,79295,79297,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309,79311,79313,79315,79317,79319,79321,79323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79276,1256],{"class":85},[49,79278,1573],{"class":63},[49,79280,1391],{"class":67},[49,79282,1573],{"class":63},[49,79284,341],{"class":85},[49,79286,3202],{"class":63},[49,79288,75907],{"class":67},[49,79290,1573],{"class":63},[49,79292,341],{"class":85},[49,79294,3202],{"class":63},[49,79296,426],{"class":67},[49,79298,1573],{"class":63},[49,79300,341],{"class":85},[49,79302,3202],{"class":63},[49,79304,20],{"class":67},[49,79306,1573],{"class":63},[49,79308,341],{"class":85},[49,79310,3202],{"class":63},[49,79312,63177],{"class":67},[49,79314,1573],{"class":63},[49,79316,341],{"class":85},[49,79318,3202],{"class":63},[49,79320,11652],{"class":67},[49,79322,1573],{"class":63},[49,79324,1244],{"class":85},[353,79326,79328,79329,79331],{"id":79327},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79330,14751],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79333,79334,79335,32],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79336,14751],{},[20,79338,79339,79340,79342],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79341,64202],{}," will not do that:",[40,79344,79346],{"className":42,"code":79345,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79347,79348,79380,79398,79402],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79349,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360,79362,79364,79366,79368,79370,79372,79374,79376,79378],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79351,3976],{"class":55},[49,79353,60],{"class":59},[49,79355,3530],{"class":85},[49,79357,95],{"class":63},[49,79359,230],{"class":67},[49,79361,95],{"class":63},[49,79363,341],{"class":85},[49,79365,64],{"class":63},[49,79367,38261],{"class":67},[49,79369,95],{"class":63},[49,79371,341],{"class":85},[49,79373,64],{"class":63},[49,79375,3985],{"class":67},[49,79377,95],{"class":63},[49,79379,1244],{"class":85},[49,79381,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,79383,4019],{"class":55},[49,79385,32],{"class":85},[49,79387,34706],{"class":88},[49,79389,92],{"class":85},[49,79391,14751],{"class":9081},[49,79393,60],{"class":59},[49,79395,1631],{"class":109},[49,79397,103],{"class":85},[49,79399,79400],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,79401,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,79403,79404,79406,79408,79410],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,79405,110],{"class":109},[49,79407,92],{"class":85},[49,79409,4019],{"class":88},[49,79411,103],{"class":85},[353,79413,79415],{"id":79414},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79417,79418],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[40,79420,79422],{"className":42,"code":79421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79423,79424,79458,79468,79472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79425,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447,79449,79451,79454,79456],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79427,3976],{"class":55},[49,79429,60],{"class":59},[49,79431,3530],{"class":85},[49,79433,95],{"class":63},[49,79435,79436],{"class":67},"zebra",[49,79438,95],{"class":63},[49,79440,341],{"class":85},[49,79442,64],{"class":63},[49,79444,57664],{"class":67},[49,79446,95],{"class":63},[49,79448,341],{"class":85},[49,79450,64],{"class":63},[49,79452,79453],{"class":67},"monkey",[49,79455,95],{"class":63},[49,79457,1244],{"class":85},[49,79459,79460,79462,79464,79466],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,79461,4019],{"class":55},[49,79463,32],{"class":85},[49,79465,34706],{"class":88},[49,79467,8548],{"class":85},[49,79469,79470],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,79471,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,79473,79474,79476,79478,79480],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,79475,110],{"class":109},[49,79477,92],{"class":85},[49,79479,4019],{"class":88},[49,79481,103],{"class":85},[20,79483,1974],{},[40,79485,79487],{"className":42,"code":79486,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79488,79489],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79490,79491,79493,79495,79497,79499,79501,79503,79505,79507,79509,79511,79513,79515],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79492,1256],{"class":85},[49,79494,1573],{"class":63},[49,79496,57664],{"class":67},[49,79498,1573],{"class":63},[49,79500,341],{"class":85},[49,79502,3202],{"class":63},[49,79504,79453],{"class":67},[49,79506,1573],{"class":63},[49,79508,341],{"class":85},[49,79510,3202],{"class":63},[49,79512,79436],{"class":67},[49,79514,1573],{"class":63},[49,79516,1244],{"class":85},[20,79518,35,79519,79521],{},[15,79520,78462],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[353,79523,60601],{"id":60600},[20,79525,79526],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[40,79528,79530],{"className":42,"code":79529,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79531,79532,79542,79556,79570,79584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79533,79534,79536,79538,79540],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79535,110],{"class":109},[49,79537,92],{"class":85},[49,79539,8248],{"class":88},[49,79541,103],{"class":85},[49,79543,79544,79546,79548,79550,79552,79554],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,79545,110],{"class":109},[49,79547,92],{"class":85},[49,79549,3127],{"class":2804},[49,79551,92],{"class":85},[49,79553,8248],{"class":88},[49,79555,1581],{"class":85},[49,79557,79558,79560,79562,79564,79566,79568],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,79559,110],{"class":109},[49,79561,92],{"class":85},[49,79563,8248],{"class":88},[49,79565,32],{"class":85},[49,79567,34706],{"class":88},[49,79569,7100],{"class":85},[49,79571,79572,79574,79576,79578,79580,79582],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,79573,110],{"class":109},[49,79575,92],{"class":85},[49,79577,74393],{"class":109},[49,79579,92],{"class":85},[49,79581,8248],{"class":88},[49,79583,1581],{"class":85},[49,79585,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,79587,110],{"class":109},[49,79589,2889],{"class":85},[49,79591,3127],{"class":2804},[49,79593,92],{"class":85},[49,79595,23220],{"class":88},[49,79597,118],{"class":85},[49,79599,3782],{"class":1210},[49,79601,5868],{"class":88},[49,79603,3788],{"class":1210},[49,79605,8304],{"class":88},[49,79607,3794],{"class":85},[20,79609,11077],{},[194,79611,79612,79615,79618,79625,79631],{},[197,79613,79614],{},"What values are in the list",[197,79616,79617],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[197,79619,79620,79621,1000,79623],{},"That ",[15,79622,64202],{},[15,79624,3684],{},[197,79626,79627,79628,79630],{},"Whether ",[15,79629,74303],{}," works better for your case",[197,79632,79633],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79635,79636,79637,79639],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79638,2909],{}," problems.",[181,79641,1704],{"id":1703},[353,79643,1720,79645,55366],{"id":79644},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79646,77744],{},[20,79648,62493,79649,32],{},[15,79650,3684],{},[353,79652,1740,79654,380,79656,2394],{"id":79653},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79655,64202],{},[15,79657,74303],{},[20,79659,79660,79662,79663,79665],{},[15,79661,64202],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79664,74303],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[353,79667,79669],{"id":79668},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79671,18605],{},[40,79673,79675],{"className":42,"code":79674,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79676,79677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79678,79679,79681,79683,79685,79687,79689,79691,79693],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79680,8248],{"class":55},[49,79682,32],{"class":85},[49,79684,34706],{"class":88},[49,79686,92],{"class":85},[49,79688,73456],{"class":9081},[49,79690,60],{"class":59},[49,79692,633],{"class":3757},[49,79694,103],{"class":85},[353,79696,79698],{"id":79697},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79700,18605],{},[40,79702,79704],{"className":42,"code":79703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79705,79706],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79707,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718,79720,79722,79724,79726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79709,8248],{"class":55},[49,79711,32],{"class":85},[49,79713,34706],{"class":88},[49,79715,92],{"class":85},[49,79717,14751],{"class":9081},[49,79719,60],{"class":59},[49,79721,3349],{"class":2804},[49,79723,32],{"class":85},[49,79725,960],{"class":24660},[49,79727,103],{"class":85},[20,79729,79730],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[353,79732,79734,79735,79737],{"id":79733},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79736,2909],{}," when sorting?",[20,79739,79740],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[181,79742,1775],{"id":1774},[194,79744,79745,79750,79756,79760],{},[197,79746,79747],{},[820,79748,79749],{"href":78253},"How to sort a list in Python",[197,79751,79752],{},[820,79753,3482,79754,5690],{"href":74400},[15,79755,74303],{},[197,79757,79758],{},[820,79759,66959],{"href":50879},[197,79761,79762],{},[820,79763,79003],{"href":79002},[1834,79765,79766],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":79768},[79769,79770,79772,79773,79774,79775,79777,79779,79790,79800],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":77810,"depth":74,"text":79771},"What list.sort() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":78065,"depth":74,"text":78066},{"id":78257,"depth":74,"text":78258},{"id":78579,"depth":74,"text":79776},"Using the key argument",{"id":78844,"depth":74,"text":79778},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":79780},[79781,79783,79784,79786,79788,79789],{"id":79013,"depth":106,"text":79782},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79122,"depth":106,"text":79123},{"id":79173,"depth":106,"text":79785},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79327,"depth":106,"text":79787},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79414,"depth":106,"text":79415},{"id":60600,"depth":106,"text":60601},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":79791},[79792,79794,79796,79797,79798],{"id":79644,"depth":106,"text":79793},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79653,"depth":106,"text":79795},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79668,"depth":106,"text":79669},{"id":79697,"depth":106,"text":79698},{"id":79733,"depth":106,"text":79799},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77732,"description":79801},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79808,"title":79809,"body":79810,"description":82441,"extension":1866,"meta":82442,"navigation":128,"path":82443,"seo":82444,"stem":82445,"__hash__":82446},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79811,"toc":82400},[79812,79817,79822,79825,79836,79839,79859,79861,79923,79925,79966,79975,79980,79985,79991,80002,80004,80023,80026,80031,80036,80038,80043,80057,80059,80077,80080,80097,80100,80106,80129,80134,80136,80139,80200,80202,80235,80237,80276,80284,80294,80300,80305,80398,80400,80424,80426,80444,80447,80478,80484,80489,80492,80494,80619,80621,80645,80647,80666,80672,80678,80797,80799,80816,80823,80829,80834,80841,80847,80849,80906,80909,80930,80933,80936,80997,80999,81032,81036,81106,81108,81125,81129,81132,81207,81209,81246,81249,81252,81323,81325,81386,81391,81396,81399,81413,81415,81488,81490,81510,81513,81516,81573,81635,81638,81670,81673,81688,81693,81695,81701,81704,81760,81763,81765,81784,81788,81790,81834,81843,81845,81905,81909,81912,81914,82007,82009,82124,82128,82130,82204,82207,82210,82212,82217,82282,82284,82308,82318,82320,82326,82335,82344,82353,82359,82362,82366,82369,82371,82397],[10,79813,3482,79815,3486],{"id":79814},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79816,39619],{},[20,79818,3489,79819,79821],{},[15,79820,39619],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79823,79824],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[194,79826,79827,79830,79833],{},[197,79828,79829],{},"converting numbers to strings",[197,79831,79832],{},"changing strings to integers",[197,79834,79835],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79837,79838],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[194,79840,79841,79848,79854],{},[197,79842,79843,13963,79845,79847],{},[15,79844,39619],{},[666,79846,4536],{}," return a list in Python 3",[197,79849,79850,79851],{},"it returns a ",[666,79852,79853],{},"map object",[197,79855,79856,79857],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79858,24691],{},[181,79860,1907],{"id":1906},[40,79862,79864],{"className":42,"code":79863,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79865,79866,79890,79909],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79867,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876,79878,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79869,3525],{"class":55},[49,79871,60],{"class":59},[49,79873,3530],{"class":85},[49,79875,1223],{"class":458},[49,79877,341],{"class":85},[49,79879,2896],{"class":458},[49,79881,341],{"class":85},[49,79883,2354],{"class":458},[49,79885,341],{"class":85},[49,79887,808],{"class":458},[49,79889,1244],{"class":85},[49,79891,79892,79894,79896,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,79893,2131],{"class":55},[49,79895,60],{"class":59},[49,79897,79898],{"class":109}," map",[49,79900,92],{"class":85},[49,79902,3349],{"class":2804},[49,79904,341],{"class":85},[49,79906,4169],{"class":88},[49,79908,103],{"class":85},[49,79910,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,79912,110],{"class":109},[49,79914,92],{"class":85},[49,79916,8002],{"class":2804},[49,79918,92],{"class":85},[49,79920,2166],{"class":88},[49,79922,1581],{"class":85},[20,79924,1974],{},[40,79926,79928],{"className":42,"code":79927,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79929,79930],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,79931,79932,79934,79936,79938,79940,79942,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952,79954,79956,79958,79960,79962,79964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,79933,1256],{"class":85},[49,79935,1573],{"class":63},[49,79937,1223],{"class":67},[49,79939,1573],{"class":63},[49,79941,341],{"class":85},[49,79943,3202],{"class":63},[49,79945,312],{"class":67},[49,79947,1573],{"class":63},[49,79949,341],{"class":85},[49,79951,3202],{"class":63},[49,79953,1965],{"class":67},[49,79955,1573],{"class":63},[49,79957,341],{"class":85},[49,79959,3202],{"class":63},[49,79961,2407],{"class":67},[49,79963,1573],{"class":63},[49,79965,1244],{"class":85},[20,79967,35,79968,79971,79972,79974],{},[15,79969,79970],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79973,24691],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[181,79976,184,79978,187],{"id":79977},"what-map-does",[15,79979,39619],{},[20,79981,79982,79984],{},[15,79983,39619],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79986,79987,79988,79990],{},"An ",[666,79989,3626],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[194,79992,79993,79995,79997,79999],{},[197,79994,37806],{},[197,79996,37809],{},[197,79998,37812],{},[197,80000,80001],{},"a range object",[20,80003,30631],{},[40,80005,80007],{"className":42,"code":80006,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80008,80009],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80010,80011,80013,80015,80017,80019,80021],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80012,39762],{"class":109},[49,80014,92],{"class":85},[49,80016,37765],{"class":88},[49,80018,341],{"class":85},[49,80020,37770],{"class":88},[49,80022,103],{"class":85},[20,80024,80025],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80027,80028,80029,33649],{},"Important: the result is a ",[666,80030,79853],{},[20,80032,80033,80034,32],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[820,80035,5044],{"href":5043},[181,80037,316],{"id":315},[20,80039,80040,80042],{},[15,80041,39619],{}," needs at least two parts:",[194,80044,80045,80051],{},[197,80046,80047,80050],{},[666,80048,80049],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[197,80052,80053,80056],{},[666,80054,80055],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80058,3611],{},[40,80060,80061],{"className":42,"code":80006,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,80062,80063],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80064,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80066,39762],{"class":109},[49,80068,92],{"class":85},[49,80070,37765],{"class":88},[49,80072,341],{"class":85},[49,80074,37770],{"class":88},[49,80076,103],{"class":85},[20,80078,80079],{},"You can pass:",[194,80081,80082,80091,80094],{},[197,80083,80084,80085,2091,80087,2095,80089],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80086,3349],{},[15,80088,2090],{},[15,80090,1921],{},[197,80092,80093],{},"your own custom function",[197,80095,80096],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80098,80099],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80101,80102,80103,80105],{},"You will often see ",[15,80104,39619],{}," used like this:",[40,80107,80109],{"className":42,"code":80108,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80110,80111],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80112,80113,80115,80117,80119,80121,80123,80125,80127],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80114,8002],{"class":2804},[49,80116,92],{"class":85},[49,80118,39762],{"class":109},[49,80120,92],{"class":85},[49,80122,37765],{"class":88},[49,80124,341],{"class":85},[49,80126,3791],{"class":88},[49,80128,1581],{"class":85},[20,80130,6583,80131,80133],{},[15,80132,24691],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[181,80135,11381],{"id":11380},[20,80137,80138],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[40,80140,80142],{"className":42,"code":80141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80143,80144,80164,80182,80186],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80145,80146,80148,80150,80152,80154,80156,80158,80160,80162],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80147,3525],{"class":55},[49,80149,60],{"class":59},[49,80151,3530],{"class":85},[49,80153,2233],{"class":458},[49,80155,341],{"class":85},[49,80157,7698],{"class":458},[49,80159,341],{"class":85},[49,80161,7703],{"class":458},[49,80163,1244],{"class":85},[49,80165,80166,80168,80170,80172,80174,80176,80178,80180],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,80167,2131],{"class":55},[49,80169,60],{"class":59},[49,80171,79898],{"class":109},[49,80173,92],{"class":85},[49,80175,3349],{"class":2804},[49,80177,341],{"class":85},[49,80179,4169],{"class":88},[49,80181,103],{"class":85},[49,80183,80184],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,80185,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80187,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,80189,110],{"class":109},[49,80191,92],{"class":85},[49,80193,8002],{"class":2804},[49,80195,92],{"class":85},[49,80197,2166],{"class":88},[49,80199,1581],{"class":85},[20,80201,1974],{},[40,80203,80205],{"className":42,"code":80204,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80206,80207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80208,80209,80211,80213,80215,80217,80219,80221,80223,80225,80227,80229,80231,80233],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80210,1256],{"class":85},[49,80212,1573],{"class":63},[49,80214,2233],{"class":67},[49,80216,1573],{"class":63},[49,80218,341],{"class":85},[49,80220,3202],{"class":63},[49,80222,15665],{"class":67},[49,80224,1573],{"class":63},[49,80226,341],{"class":85},[49,80228,3202],{"class":63},[49,80230,36746],{"class":67},[49,80232,1573],{"class":63},[49,80234,1244],{"class":85},[20,80236,11590],{},[194,80238,80239,80244,80252,80260,80268],{},[197,80240,80241,80243],{},[15,80242,3556],{}," contains integers",[197,80245,80246,80249,80250],{},[15,80247,80248],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80251,47583],{},[197,80253,80254,42055,80257],{},[15,80255,80256],{},"str(10)",[15,80258,80259],{},"'10'",[197,80261,80262,42055,80265],{},[15,80263,80264],{},"str(20)",[15,80266,80267],{},"'20'",[197,80269,80270,42055,80273],{},[15,80271,80272],{},"str(30)",[15,80274,80275],{},"'30'",[20,80277,53551,80278,80280,80281,80283],{},[15,80279,39619],{}," applies ",[15,80282,47583],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80285,80286,80287,80289,80290,32],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80288,24691],{}," better, see ",[820,80291,3482,80292,3415],{"href":64737},[15,80293,24691],{},[181,80295,644,80297,80299],{"id":80296},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80298,39619],{}," with your own function",[20,80301,15625,80302,80304],{},[15,80303,39619],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[40,80306,80308],{"className":42,"code":80307,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80309,80310,80323,80333,80337,80361,80380,80384],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80311,80312,80314,80317,80319,80321],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80313,34758],{"class":1968},[49,80315,80316],{"class":34761}," double",[49,80318,92],{"class":85},[49,80320,283],{"class":37567},[49,80322,1396],{"class":85},[49,80324,80325,80327,80329,80331],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,80326,34769],{"class":1210},[49,80328,3785],{"class":55},[49,80330,39775],{"class":59},[49,80332,45489],{"class":458},[49,80334,80335],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,80336,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80338,80339,80341,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,80340,3525],{"class":55},[49,80342,60],{"class":59},[49,80344,3530],{"class":85},[49,80346,1223],{"class":458},[49,80348,341],{"class":85},[49,80350,2896],{"class":458},[49,80352,341],{"class":85},[49,80354,2354],{"class":458},[49,80356,341],{"class":85},[49,80358,808],{"class":458},[49,80360,1244],{"class":85},[49,80362,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80374,80376,80378],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,80364,2131],{"class":55},[49,80366,60],{"class":59},[49,80368,79898],{"class":109},[49,80370,92],{"class":85},[49,80372,80373],{"class":88},"double",[49,80375,341],{"class":85},[49,80377,4169],{"class":88},[49,80379,103],{"class":85},[49,80381,80382],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,80383,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80385,80386,80388,80390,80392,80394,80396],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,80387,110],{"class":109},[49,80389,92],{"class":85},[49,80391,8002],{"class":2804},[49,80393,92],{"class":85},[49,80395,2166],{"class":88},[49,80397,1581],{"class":85},[20,80399,1974],{},[40,80401,80402],{"className":42,"code":39788,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,80403,80404],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80405,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80407,1256],{"class":85},[49,80409,312],{"class":458},[49,80411,341],{"class":85},[49,80413,808],{"class":458},[49,80415,341],{"class":85},[49,80417,37548],{"class":458},[49,80419,341],{"class":85},[49,80421,6267],{"class":458},[49,80423,1244],{"class":85},[20,80425,65469],{},[194,80427,80428,80435,80441],{},[197,80429,80430,80432,80433],{},[15,80431,39619],{}," takes the function ",[15,80434,80373],{},[197,80436,80437,80438,80440],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80439,3556],{}," into that function",[197,80442,80443],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80445,80446],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[194,80448,80449,80456,80463,80471],{},[197,80450,80451,5979,80454],{},[15,80452,80453],{},"double(1)",[15,80455,312],{},[197,80457,80458,5979,80461],{},[15,80459,80460],{},"double(2)",[15,80462,2407],{},[197,80464,80465,5979,80468],{},[15,80466,80467],{},"double(3)",[15,80469,80470],{},"6",[197,80472,80473,5979,80476],{},[15,80474,80475],{},"double(4)",[15,80477,2248],{},[181,80479,644,80481,80483],{"id":80480},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80482,39619],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80485,80486,80488],{},[15,80487,39619],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80490,80491],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80493,214],{},[40,80495,80497],{"className":42,"code":80496,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80498,80499,80516,80526,80530,80551,80572,80576,80601,80605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80500,80501,80503,80506,80508,80510,80512,80514],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80502,34758],{"class":1968},[49,80504,80505],{"class":34761}," add_numbers",[49,80507,92],{"class":85},[49,80509,820],{"class":37567},[49,80511,341],{"class":85},[49,80513,2462],{"class":37567},[49,80515,1396],{"class":85},[49,80517,80518,80520,80522,80524],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,80519,34769],{"class":1210},[49,80521,44444],{"class":55},[49,80523,1261],{"class":59},[49,80525,36086],{"class":55},[49,80527,80528],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,80529,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80531,80532,80535,80537,80539,80541,80543,80545,80547,80549],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,80533,80534],{"class":55},"list1 ",[49,80536,60],{"class":59},[49,80538,3530],{"class":85},[49,80540,1223],{"class":458},[49,80542,341],{"class":85},[49,80544,2896],{"class":458},[49,80546,341],{"class":85},[49,80548,2354],{"class":458},[49,80550,1244],{"class":85},[49,80552,80553,80556,80558,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568,80570],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,80554,80555],{"class":55},"list2 ",[49,80557,60],{"class":59},[49,80559,3530],{"class":85},[49,80561,2233],{"class":458},[49,80563,341],{"class":85},[49,80565,7698],{"class":458},[49,80567,341],{"class":85},[49,80569,7703],{"class":458},[49,80571,1244],{"class":85},[49,80573,80574],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,80575,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80577,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586,80589,80591,80594,80596,80599],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,80579,2131],{"class":55},[49,80581,60],{"class":59},[49,80583,79898],{"class":109},[49,80585,92],{"class":85},[49,80587,80588],{"class":88},"add_numbers",[49,80590,341],{"class":85},[49,80592,80593],{"class":88}," list1",[49,80595,341],{"class":85},[49,80597,80598],{"class":88}," list2",[49,80600,103],{"class":85},[49,80602,80603],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,80604,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80606,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,80608,110],{"class":109},[49,80610,92],{"class":85},[49,80612,8002],{"class":2804},[49,80614,92],{"class":85},[49,80616,2166],{"class":88},[49,80618,1581],{"class":85},[20,80620,1974],{},[40,80622,80624],{"className":42,"code":80623,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80625,80626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80627,80628,80630,80633,80635,80638,80640,80643],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80629,1256],{"class":85},[49,80631,80632],{"class":458},"11",[49,80634,341],{"class":85},[49,80636,80637],{"class":458}," 22",[49,80639,341],{"class":85},[49,80641,80642],{"class":458}," 33",[49,80644,1244],{"class":85},[20,80646,2080],{},[194,80648,80649,80655,80661],{},[197,80650,80651,80652],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80653,80654],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[197,80656,80657,80658],{},"then ",[15,80659,80660],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[197,80662,80657,80663],{},[15,80664,80665],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[353,80667,80669,80671],{"id":80668},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80670,39619],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80673,80674,80675,80677],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80676,39619],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[40,80679,80681],{"className":42,"code":80680,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80682,80683,80699,80709,80713,80737,80753,80757,80779,80783],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80684,80685,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80686,34758],{"class":1968},[49,80688,80505],{"class":34761},[49,80690,92],{"class":85},[49,80692,820],{"class":37567},[49,80694,341],{"class":85},[49,80696,2462],{"class":37567},[49,80698,1396],{"class":85},[49,80700,80701,80703,80705,80707],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,80702,34769],{"class":1210},[49,80704,44444],{"class":55},[49,80706,1261],{"class":59},[49,80708,36086],{"class":55},[49,80710,80711],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,80712,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80714,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,80716,80534],{"class":55},[49,80718,60],{"class":59},[49,80720,3530],{"class":85},[49,80722,1223],{"class":458},[49,80724,341],{"class":85},[49,80726,2896],{"class":458},[49,80728,341],{"class":85},[49,80730,2354],{"class":458},[49,80732,341],{"class":85},[49,80734,808],{"class":458},[49,80736,1244],{"class":85},[49,80738,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747,80749,80751],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,80740,80555],{"class":55},[49,80742,60],{"class":59},[49,80744,3530],{"class":85},[49,80746,2233],{"class":458},[49,80748,341],{"class":85},[49,80750,7698],{"class":458},[49,80752,1244],{"class":85},[49,80754,80755],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,80756,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80758,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773,80775,80777],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,80760,2131],{"class":55},[49,80762,60],{"class":59},[49,80764,79898],{"class":109},[49,80766,92],{"class":85},[49,80768,80588],{"class":88},[49,80770,341],{"class":85},[49,80772,80593],{"class":88},[49,80774,341],{"class":85},[49,80776,80598],{"class":88},[49,80778,103],{"class":85},[49,80780,80781],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,80782,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80784,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793,80795],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,80786,110],{"class":109},[49,80788,92],{"class":85},[49,80790,8002],{"class":2804},[49,80792,92],{"class":85},[49,80794,2166],{"class":88},[49,80796,1581],{"class":85},[20,80798,1974],{},[40,80800,80802],{"className":42,"code":80801,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80803,80804],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80805,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80807,1256],{"class":85},[49,80809,80632],{"class":458},[49,80811,341],{"class":85},[49,80813,80637],{"class":458},[49,80815,1244],{"class":85},[20,80817,80818,80819,80822],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80820,80821],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[181,80824,80826,80828],{"id":80825},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80827,39619],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80830,37926,80831,80833],{},[15,80832,39619],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80835,80836,80837,80840],{},"This object is ",[666,80838,80839],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[353,80842,2390,80844,80846],{"id":80843},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80845,32934],{}," looks strange",[20,80848,33550],{},[40,80850,80852],{"className":42,"code":80851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80853,80854,80874,80892,80896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80855,80856,80858,80860,80862,80864,80866,80868,80870,80872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80857,3525],{"class":55},[49,80859,60],{"class":59},[49,80861,3530],{"class":85},[49,80863,1223],{"class":458},[49,80865,341],{"class":85},[49,80867,2896],{"class":458},[49,80869,341],{"class":85},[49,80871,2354],{"class":458},[49,80873,1244],{"class":85},[49,80875,80876,80878,80880,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,80877,2131],{"class":55},[49,80879,60],{"class":59},[49,80881,79898],{"class":109},[49,80883,92],{"class":85},[49,80885,3349],{"class":2804},[49,80887,341],{"class":85},[49,80889,4169],{"class":88},[49,80891,103],{"class":85},[49,80893,80894],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,80895,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80897,80898,80900,80902,80904],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,80899,110],{"class":109},[49,80901,92],{"class":85},[49,80903,2166],{"class":88},[49,80905,103],{"class":85},[20,80907,80908],{},"Output will look something like this:",[40,80910,80912],{"className":42,"code":80911,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80913,80914],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80915,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80917,3196],{"class":59},[49,80919,39762],{"class":109},[49,80921,24527],{"class":2804},[49,80923,37268],{"class":55},[49,80925,37272],{"class":37271},[49,80927,37275],{"class":34361},[49,80929,3209],{"class":59},[20,80931,80932],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80934,80935],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[40,80937,80939],{"className":42,"code":80938,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80940,80941,80961,80979,80983],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,80942,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955,80957,80959],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,80944,3525],{"class":55},[49,80946,60],{"class":59},[49,80948,3530],{"class":85},[49,80950,1223],{"class":458},[49,80952,341],{"class":85},[49,80954,2896],{"class":458},[49,80956,341],{"class":85},[49,80958,2354],{"class":458},[49,80960,1244],{"class":85},[49,80962,80963,80965,80967,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,80964,2131],{"class":55},[49,80966,60],{"class":59},[49,80968,79898],{"class":109},[49,80970,92],{"class":85},[49,80972,3349],{"class":2804},[49,80974,341],{"class":85},[49,80976,4169],{"class":88},[49,80978,103],{"class":85},[49,80980,80981],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,80982,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,80984,80985,80987,80989,80991,80993,80995],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,80986,110],{"class":109},[49,80988,92],{"class":85},[49,80990,8002],{"class":2804},[49,80992,92],{"class":85},[49,80994,2166],{"class":88},[49,80996,1581],{"class":85},[20,80998,1974],{},[40,81000,81002],{"className":42,"code":81001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81003,81004],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81005,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028,81030],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81007,1256],{"class":85},[49,81009,1573],{"class":63},[49,81011,1223],{"class":67},[49,81013,1573],{"class":63},[49,81015,341],{"class":85},[49,81017,3202],{"class":63},[49,81019,312],{"class":67},[49,81021,1573],{"class":63},[49,81023,341],{"class":85},[49,81025,3202],{"class":63},[49,81027,1965],{"class":67},[49,81029,1573],{"class":63},[49,81031,1244],{"class":85},[353,81033,81035],{"id":81034},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[40,81037,81039],{"className":42,"code":81038,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81040,81041,81061,81079,81083,81096],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81042,81043,81045,81047,81049,81051,81053,81055,81057,81059],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81044,3525],{"class":55},[49,81046,60],{"class":59},[49,81048,3530],{"class":85},[49,81050,1223],{"class":458},[49,81052,341],{"class":85},[49,81054,2896],{"class":458},[49,81056,341],{"class":85},[49,81058,2354],{"class":458},[49,81060,1244],{"class":85},[49,81062,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81064,2131],{"class":55},[49,81066,60],{"class":59},[49,81068,79898],{"class":109},[49,81070,92],{"class":85},[49,81072,3349],{"class":2804},[49,81074,341],{"class":85},[49,81076,4169],{"class":88},[49,81078,103],{"class":85},[49,81080,81081],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81082,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,81084,81085,81087,81089,81091,81094],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,81086,5865],{"class":1210},[49,81088,5868],{"class":55},[49,81090,3788],{"class":1210},[49,81092,81093],{"class":55}," result",[49,81095,1226],{"class":85},[49,81097,81098,81100,81102,81104],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,81099,1273],{"class":109},[49,81101,92],{"class":85},[49,81103,23220],{"class":88},[49,81105,103],{"class":85},[20,81107,1974],{},[40,81109,81111],{"className":42,"code":81110,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81112,81113,81117,81121],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81114,81115],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81116,46816],{"class":458},[49,81118,81119],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81120,16968],{"class":458},[49,81122,81123],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81124,46516],{"class":458},[353,81126,81128],{"id":81127},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81130,81131],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[40,81133,81135],{"className":42,"code":81134,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81136,81137,81157,81175,81179,81193],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81138,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151,81153,81155],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81140,3525],{"class":55},[49,81142,60],{"class":59},[49,81144,3530],{"class":85},[49,81146,1223],{"class":458},[49,81148,341],{"class":85},[49,81150,2896],{"class":458},[49,81152,341],{"class":85},[49,81154,2354],{"class":458},[49,81156,1244],{"class":85},[49,81158,81159,81161,81163,81165,81167,81169,81171,81173],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81160,2131],{"class":55},[49,81162,60],{"class":59},[49,81164,79898],{"class":109},[49,81166,92],{"class":85},[49,81168,3349],{"class":2804},[49,81170,341],{"class":85},[49,81172,4169],{"class":88},[49,81174,103],{"class":85},[49,81176,81177],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81178,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,81180,81181,81183,81185,81187,81189,81191],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,81182,110],{"class":109},[49,81184,92],{"class":85},[49,81186,8002],{"class":2804},[49,81188,92],{"class":85},[49,81190,2166],{"class":88},[49,81192,1581],{"class":85},[49,81194,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,81196,110],{"class":109},[49,81198,92],{"class":85},[49,81200,8002],{"class":2804},[49,81202,92],{"class":85},[49,81204,2166],{"class":88},[49,81206,1581],{"class":85},[20,81208,1974],{},[40,81210,81212],{"className":42,"code":81211,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81213,81214,81242],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81215,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224,81226,81228,81230,81232,81234,81236,81238,81240],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81217,1256],{"class":85},[49,81219,1573],{"class":63},[49,81221,1223],{"class":67},[49,81223,1573],{"class":63},[49,81225,341],{"class":85},[49,81227,3202],{"class":63},[49,81229,312],{"class":67},[49,81231,1573],{"class":63},[49,81233,341],{"class":85},[49,81235,3202],{"class":63},[49,81237,1965],{"class":67},[49,81239,1573],{"class":63},[49,81241,1244],{"class":85},[49,81243,81244],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81245,38200],{"class":85},[20,81247,81248],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81250,81251],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[40,81253,81255],{"className":42,"code":81254,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81256,81257,81277,81299,81303,81313],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81258,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81260,3525],{"class":55},[49,81262,60],{"class":59},[49,81264,3530],{"class":85},[49,81266,1223],{"class":458},[49,81268,341],{"class":85},[49,81270,2896],{"class":458},[49,81272,341],{"class":85},[49,81274,2354],{"class":458},[49,81276,1244],{"class":85},[49,81278,81279,81281,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81280,2131],{"class":55},[49,81282,60],{"class":59},[49,81284,22469],{"class":2804},[49,81286,92],{"class":85},[49,81288,39762],{"class":109},[49,81290,92],{"class":85},[49,81292,3349],{"class":2804},[49,81294,341],{"class":85},[49,81296,4169],{"class":88},[49,81298,1581],{"class":85},[49,81300,81301],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81302,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,81304,81305,81307,81309,81311],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,81306,110],{"class":109},[49,81308,92],{"class":85},[49,81310,2166],{"class":88},[49,81312,103],{"class":85},[49,81314,81315,81317,81319,81321],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,81316,110],{"class":109},[49,81318,92],{"class":85},[49,81320,2166],{"class":88},[49,81322,103],{"class":85},[20,81324,1974],{},[40,81326,81328],{"className":42,"code":81327,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81329,81330,81358],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81331,81332,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81333,1256],{"class":85},[49,81335,1573],{"class":63},[49,81337,1223],{"class":67},[49,81339,1573],{"class":63},[49,81341,341],{"class":85},[49,81343,3202],{"class":63},[49,81345,312],{"class":67},[49,81347,1573],{"class":63},[49,81349,341],{"class":85},[49,81351,3202],{"class":63},[49,81353,1965],{"class":67},[49,81355,1573],{"class":63},[49,81357,1244],{"class":85},[49,81359,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81361,1256],{"class":85},[49,81363,1573],{"class":63},[49,81365,1223],{"class":67},[49,81367,1573],{"class":63},[49,81369,341],{"class":85},[49,81371,3202],{"class":63},[49,81373,312],{"class":67},[49,81375,1573],{"class":63},[49,81377,341],{"class":85},[49,81379,3202],{"class":63},[49,81381,1965],{"class":67},[49,81383,1573],{"class":63},[49,81385,1244],{"class":85},[181,81387,4868,81389],{"id":81388},"when-to-use-map",[15,81390,39619],{},[20,81392,81393,81395],{},[15,81394,39619],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81397,81398],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[194,81400,81401,81405,81409],{},[197,81402,81403],{},[15,81404,3349],{},[197,81406,81407],{},[15,81408,2090],{},[197,81410,81411],{},[15,81412,1921],{},[20,81414,214],{},[40,81416,81418],{"className":42,"code":81417,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81419,81420,81452,81474,81478],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81421,81422,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436,81438,81440,81442,81444,81446,81448,81450],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81423,3729],{"class":55},[49,81425,60],{"class":59},[49,81427,3530],{"class":85},[49,81429,1573],{"class":63},[49,81431,1223],{"class":67},[49,81433,1573],{"class":63},[49,81435,341],{"class":85},[49,81437,3202],{"class":63},[49,81439,312],{"class":67},[49,81441,1573],{"class":63},[49,81443,341],{"class":85},[49,81445,3202],{"class":63},[49,81447,1965],{"class":67},[49,81449,1573],{"class":63},[49,81451,1244],{"class":85},[49,81453,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81455,3525],{"class":55},[49,81457,60],{"class":59},[49,81459,22469],{"class":2804},[49,81461,92],{"class":85},[49,81463,39762],{"class":109},[49,81465,92],{"class":85},[49,81467,2090],{"class":2804},[49,81469,341],{"class":85},[49,81471,3791],{"class":88},[49,81473,1581],{"class":85},[49,81475,81476],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81477,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,81479,81480,81482,81484,81486],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,81481,110],{"class":109},[49,81483,92],{"class":85},[49,81485,3556],{"class":88},[49,81487,103],{"class":85},[20,81489,1974],{},[40,81491,81492],{"className":42,"code":55047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81493,81494],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81495,81496,81498,81500,81502,81504,81506,81508],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81497,1256],{"class":85},[49,81499,1223],{"class":458},[49,81501,341],{"class":85},[49,81503,2896],{"class":458},[49,81505,341],{"class":85},[49,81507,2354],{"class":458},[49,81509,1244],{"class":85},[20,81511,81512],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81514,81515],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[40,81517,81519],{"className":42,"code":81518,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81520,81521,81541,81563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81522,81523,81525,81527,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81524,3525],{"class":55},[49,81526,60],{"class":59},[49,81528,3530],{"class":85},[49,81530,1223],{"class":458},[49,81532,341],{"class":85},[49,81534,2896],{"class":458},[49,81536,341],{"class":85},[49,81538,2354],{"class":458},[49,81540,1244],{"class":85},[49,81542,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81544,2131],{"class":55},[49,81546,60],{"class":59},[49,81548,22469],{"class":2804},[49,81550,92],{"class":85},[49,81552,39762],{"class":109},[49,81554,92],{"class":85},[49,81556,3349],{"class":2804},[49,81558,341],{"class":85},[49,81560,4169],{"class":88},[49,81562,1581],{"class":85},[49,81564,81565,81567,81569,81571],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81566,110],{"class":109},[49,81568,92],{"class":85},[49,81570,2166],{"class":88},[49,81572,103],{"class":85},[40,81574,81576],{"className":42,"code":81575,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81577,81578,81598,81625],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81579,81580,81582,81584,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81581,3525],{"class":55},[49,81583,60],{"class":59},[49,81585,3530],{"class":85},[49,81587,1223],{"class":458},[49,81589,341],{"class":85},[49,81591,2896],{"class":458},[49,81593,341],{"class":85},[49,81595,2354],{"class":458},[49,81597,1244],{"class":85},[49,81599,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81619,81621,81623],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81601,2131],{"class":55},[49,81603,60],{"class":59},[49,81605,3530],{"class":85},[49,81607,3349],{"class":2804},[49,81609,92],{"class":85},[49,81611,75907],{"class":88},[49,81613,118],{"class":85},[49,81615,3782],{"class":1210},[49,81617,81618],{"class":55}," n ",[49,81620,3788],{"class":1210},[49,81622,4169],{"class":55},[49,81624,1244],{"class":85},[49,81626,81627,81629,81631,81633],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81628,110],{"class":109},[49,81630,92],{"class":85},[49,81632,2166],{"class":88},[49,81634,103],{"class":85},[20,81636,81637],{},"Both produce:",[40,81639,81640],{"className":42,"code":81001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81641,81642],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81643,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658,81660,81662,81664,81666,81668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81645,1256],{"class":85},[49,81647,1573],{"class":63},[49,81649,1223],{"class":67},[49,81651,1573],{"class":63},[49,81653,341],{"class":85},[49,81655,3202],{"class":63},[49,81657,312],{"class":67},[49,81659,1573],{"class":63},[49,81661,341],{"class":85},[49,81663,3202],{"class":63},[49,81665,1965],{"class":67},[49,81667,1573],{"class":63},[49,81669,1244],{"class":85},[20,81671,81672],{},"A simple rule:",[194,81674,81675,81680,81685],{},[197,81676,39893,81677,81679],{},[15,81678,39619],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[197,81681,39899,81682,81684],{},[15,81683,5865],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[197,81686,81687],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81689,81690,81691,32],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[820,81692,4299],{"href":4298},[181,81694,4425],{"id":4424},[353,81696,81698,81699],{"id":81697},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81700,24691],{},[20,81702,81703],{},"This is very common:",[40,81705,81706],{"className":42,"code":80851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81707,81708,81728,81746,81750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81709,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81711,3525],{"class":55},[49,81713,60],{"class":59},[49,81715,3530],{"class":85},[49,81717,1223],{"class":458},[49,81719,341],{"class":85},[49,81721,2896],{"class":458},[49,81723,341],{"class":85},[49,81725,2354],{"class":458},[49,81727,1244],{"class":85},[49,81729,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81731,2131],{"class":55},[49,81733,60],{"class":59},[49,81735,79898],{"class":109},[49,81737,92],{"class":85},[49,81739,3349],{"class":2804},[49,81741,341],{"class":85},[49,81743,4169],{"class":88},[49,81745,103],{"class":85},[49,81747,81748],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81749,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,81751,81752,81754,81756,81758],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,81753,110],{"class":109},[49,81755,92],{"class":85},[49,81757,2166],{"class":88},[49,81759,103],{"class":85},[20,81761,81762],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81764,39164],{},[40,81766,81768],{"className":42,"code":81767,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81769,81770],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81771,81772,81774,81776,81778,81780,81782],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81773,110],{"class":109},[49,81775,92],{"class":85},[49,81777,8002],{"class":2804},[49,81779,92],{"class":85},[49,81781,2166],{"class":88},[49,81783,1581],{"class":85},[353,81785,81787],{"id":81786},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81789,16555],{},[40,81791,81793],{"className":42,"code":81792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81794,81795,81815],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81796,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81798,3525],{"class":55},[49,81800,60],{"class":59},[49,81802,3530],{"class":85},[49,81804,1223],{"class":458},[49,81806,341],{"class":85},[49,81808,2896],{"class":458},[49,81810,341],{"class":85},[49,81812,2354],{"class":458},[49,81814,1244],{"class":85},[49,81816,81817,81819,81821,81823,81825,81827,81830,81832],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81818,2131],{"class":55},[49,81820,60],{"class":59},[49,81822,79898],{"class":109},[49,81824,92],{"class":85},[49,81826,3349],{"class":2804},[49,81828,81829],{"class":85},"(),",[49,81831,4169],{"class":88},[49,81833,103],{"class":85},[20,81835,81836,81837,81839,81840,81842],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81838,47583],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81841,39619],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81844,16567],{},[40,81846,81847],{"className":42,"code":80938,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,81848,81849,81869,81887,81891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81850,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865,81867],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81852,3525],{"class":55},[49,81854,60],{"class":59},[49,81856,3530],{"class":85},[49,81858,1223],{"class":458},[49,81860,341],{"class":85},[49,81862,2896],{"class":458},[49,81864,341],{"class":85},[49,81866,2354],{"class":458},[49,81868,1244],{"class":85},[49,81870,81871,81873,81875,81877,81879,81881,81883,81885],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81872,2131],{"class":55},[49,81874,60],{"class":59},[49,81876,79898],{"class":109},[49,81878,92],{"class":85},[49,81880,3349],{"class":2804},[49,81882,341],{"class":85},[49,81884,4169],{"class":88},[49,81886,103],{"class":85},[49,81888,81889],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81890,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,81892,81893,81895,81897,81899,81901,81903],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,81894,110],{"class":109},[49,81896,92],{"class":85},[49,81898,8002],{"class":2804},[49,81900,92],{"class":85},[49,81902,2166],{"class":88},[49,81904,1581],{"class":85},[353,81906,81908],{"id":81907},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81910,81911],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81913,16555],{},[40,81915,81917],{"className":42,"code":81916,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81918,81919,81936,81946,81950,81970,81989,81993],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,81920,81921,81923,81926,81928,81930,81932,81934],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,81922,34758],{"class":1968},[49,81924,81925],{"class":34761}," add",[49,81927,92],{"class":85},[49,81929,820],{"class":37567},[49,81931,341],{"class":85},[49,81933,2462],{"class":37567},[49,81935,1396],{"class":85},[49,81937,81938,81940,81942,81944],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,81939,34769],{"class":1210},[49,81941,44444],{"class":55},[49,81943,1261],{"class":59},[49,81945,36086],{"class":55},[49,81947,81948],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,81949,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,81951,81952,81954,81956,81958,81960,81962,81964,81966,81968],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,81953,3525],{"class":55},[49,81955,60],{"class":59},[49,81957,3530],{"class":85},[49,81959,1223],{"class":458},[49,81961,341],{"class":85},[49,81963,2896],{"class":458},[49,81965,341],{"class":85},[49,81967,2354],{"class":458},[49,81969,1244],{"class":85},[49,81971,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980,81983,81985,81987],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,81973,2131],{"class":55},[49,81975,60],{"class":59},[49,81977,79898],{"class":109},[49,81979,92],{"class":85},[49,81981,81982],{"class":88},"add",[49,81984,341],{"class":85},[49,81986,4169],{"class":88},[49,81988,103],{"class":85},[49,81990,81991],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,81992,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,81994,81995,81997,81999,82001,82003,82005],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,81996,110],{"class":109},[49,81998,92],{"class":85},[49,82000,8002],{"class":2804},[49,82002,92],{"class":85},[49,82004,2166],{"class":88},[49,82006,1581],{"class":85},[20,82008,16567],{},[40,82010,82012],{"className":42,"code":82011,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82013,82014,82030,82040,82044,82064,82084,82106,82110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82015,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82017,34758],{"class":1968},[49,82019,81925],{"class":34761},[49,82021,92],{"class":85},[49,82023,820],{"class":37567},[49,82025,341],{"class":85},[49,82027,2462],{"class":37567},[49,82029,1396],{"class":85},[49,82031,82032,82034,82036,82038],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,82033,34769],{"class":1210},[49,82035,44444],{"class":55},[49,82037,1261],{"class":59},[49,82039,36086],{"class":55},[49,82041,82042],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,82043,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,82045,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,82047,80534],{"class":55},[49,82049,60],{"class":59},[49,82051,3530],{"class":85},[49,82053,1223],{"class":458},[49,82055,341],{"class":85},[49,82057,2896],{"class":458},[49,82059,341],{"class":85},[49,82061,2354],{"class":458},[49,82063,1244],{"class":85},[49,82065,82066,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,82067,80555],{"class":55},[49,82069,60],{"class":59},[49,82071,3530],{"class":85},[49,82073,2233],{"class":458},[49,82075,341],{"class":85},[49,82077,7698],{"class":458},[49,82079,341],{"class":85},[49,82081,7703],{"class":458},[49,82083,1244],{"class":85},[49,82085,82086,82088,82090,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100,82102,82104],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,82087,2131],{"class":55},[49,82089,60],{"class":59},[49,82091,79898],{"class":109},[49,82093,92],{"class":85},[49,82095,81982],{"class":88},[49,82097,341],{"class":85},[49,82099,80593],{"class":88},[49,82101,341],{"class":85},[49,82103,80598],{"class":88},[49,82105,103],{"class":85},[49,82107,82108],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,82109,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,82111,82112,82114,82116,82118,82120,82122],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,82113,110],{"class":109},[49,82115,92],{"class":85},[49,82117,8002],{"class":2804},[49,82119,92],{"class":85},[49,82121,2166],{"class":88},[49,82123,1581],{"class":85},[353,82125,82127],{"id":82126},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82129,16555],{},[40,82131,82132],{"className":42,"code":81134,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,82133,82134,82154,82172,82176,82190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82135,82136,82138,82140,82142,82144,82146,82148,82150,82152],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82137,3525],{"class":55},[49,82139,60],{"class":59},[49,82141,3530],{"class":85},[49,82143,1223],{"class":458},[49,82145,341],{"class":85},[49,82147,2896],{"class":458},[49,82149,341],{"class":85},[49,82151,2354],{"class":458},[49,82153,1244],{"class":85},[49,82155,82156,82158,82160,82162,82164,82166,82168,82170],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,82157,2131],{"class":55},[49,82159,60],{"class":59},[49,82161,79898],{"class":109},[49,82163,92],{"class":85},[49,82165,3349],{"class":2804},[49,82167,341],{"class":85},[49,82169,4169],{"class":88},[49,82171,103],{"class":85},[49,82173,82174],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,82175,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,82177,82178,82180,82182,82184,82186,82188],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,82179,110],{"class":109},[49,82181,92],{"class":85},[49,82183,8002],{"class":2804},[49,82185,92],{"class":85},[49,82187,2166],{"class":88},[49,82189,1581],{"class":85},[49,82191,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200,82202],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,82193,110],{"class":109},[49,82195,92],{"class":85},[49,82197,8002],{"class":2804},[49,82199,92],{"class":85},[49,82201,2166],{"class":88},[49,82203,1581],{"class":85},[20,82205,82206],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82208,82209],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[181,82211,67777],{"id":67776},[20,82213,8780,82214,82216],{},[15,82215,39619],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[40,82218,82220],{"className":42,"code":82219,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82221,82222,82232,82246,82260,82272],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82223,82224,82226,82228,82230],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82225,110],{"class":109},[49,82227,92],{"class":85},[49,82229,2166],{"class":88},[49,82231,103],{"class":85},[49,82233,82234,82236,82238,82240,82242,82244],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,82235,110],{"class":109},[49,82237,92],{"class":85},[49,82239,8002],{"class":2804},[49,82241,92],{"class":85},[49,82243,2166],{"class":88},[49,82245,1581],{"class":85},[49,82247,82248,82250,82252,82254,82256,82258],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,82249,110],{"class":109},[49,82251,92],{"class":85},[49,82253,3127],{"class":2804},[49,82255,92],{"class":85},[49,82257,2166],{"class":88},[49,82259,1581],{"class":85},[49,82261,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,82263,5865],{"class":1210},[49,82265,5868],{"class":55},[49,82267,3788],{"class":1210},[49,82269,81093],{"class":55},[49,82271,1226],{"class":85},[49,82273,82274,82276,82278,82280],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,82275,1273],{"class":109},[49,82277,92],{"class":85},[49,82279,23220],{"class":88},[49,82281,103],{"class":85},[20,82283,12580],{},[194,82285,82286,82291,82296,82302],{},[197,82287,82288,82290],{},[15,82289,32934],{}," shows that you have a map object",[197,82292,82293,82295],{},[15,82294,32942],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[197,82297,82298,82301],{},[15,82299,82300],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[197,82303,82304,82305,82307],{},"looping over ",[15,82306,2166],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82309,82310,82311,82314,82315,82317],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82312,82313],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82316,5865],{}," loop consume the map object.",[181,82319,1704],{"id":1703},[353,82321,1720,82323,82325],{"id":82322},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82324,39619],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82327,82328,82329,82331,82332,23848],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82330,39619],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82333,82334],{},"list(map(...))",[353,82336,14813,82338,82340,82341,82343],{"id":82337},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82339,39619],{}," better than a ",[15,82342,5865],{}," loop?",[20,82345,82346,82347,82349,82350,82352],{},"Not always. ",[15,82348,39619],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82351,5865],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[353,82354,5077,82356,82358],{"id":82355},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82357,39619],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82360,82361],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[353,82363,82365],{"id":82364},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82367,82368],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[181,82370,1775],{"id":1774},[194,82372,82373,82379,82385,82389,82393],{},[197,82374,82375],{},[820,82376,3482,82377,3415],{"href":39988},[15,82378,37480],{},[197,82380,82381],{},[820,82382,3482,82383,3415],{"href":64737},[15,82384,24691],{},[197,82386,82387],{},[820,82388,5128],{"href":5039},[197,82390,82391],{},[820,82392,5133],{"href":4298},[197,82394,82395],{},[820,82396,5123],{"href":5043},[1834,82398,82399],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":82401},[82402,82403,82405,82406,82407,82409,82414,82421,82423,82430,82431,82440],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":79977,"depth":74,"text":82404},"What map() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":80296,"depth":74,"text":82408},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80480,"depth":74,"text":82410,"children":82411},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82412],{"id":80668,"depth":106,"text":82413},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80825,"depth":74,"text":82415,"children":82416},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82417,82419,82420],{"id":80843,"depth":106,"text":82418},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81034,"depth":106,"text":81035},{"id":81127,"depth":106,"text":81128},{"id":81388,"depth":74,"text":82422},"When to use map()",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":82424},[82425,82427,82428,82429],{"id":81697,"depth":106,"text":82426},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81786,"depth":106,"text":81787},{"id":81907,"depth":106,"text":81908},{"id":82126,"depth":106,"text":82127},{"id":67776,"depth":74,"text":67777},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":82432},[82433,82435,82437,82439],{"id":82322,"depth":106,"text":82434},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82337,"depth":106,"text":82436},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82355,"depth":106,"text":82438},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82364,"depth":106,"text":82365},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79809,"description":82441},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82448,"title":82449,"body":82450,"description":84470,"extension":1866,"meta":84471,"navigation":128,"path":84472,"seo":84473,"stem":84474,"__hash__":84475},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82451,"toc":84428},[82452,82458,82463,82466,82474,82477,82479,82603,82605,82623,82625,82645,82650,82654,82668,82671,82674,82676,82681,82793,82796,82814,82820,82823,82885,82887,82896,82899,82913,82915,82963,82965,82974,82984,82990,82993,83020,83022,83030,83033,83036,83106,83108,83116,83119,83124,83129,83180,83182,83190,83193,83195,83212,83214,83266,83269,83275,83279,83284,83287,83291,83350,83352,83361,83367,83376,83380,83443,83445,83453,83458,83462,83467,83547,83549,83558,83565,83570,83575,83578,83613,83615,83623,83626,83632,83634,83684,83686,83695,83698,83716,83718,83723,83729,83736,83763,83765,83788,83793,83828,83833,83839,83844,83887,83890,83893,83932,83939,83945,83950,83965,83969,83976,83979,83983,83988,83992,83997,83999,84060,84062,84091,84096,84103,84112,84114,84117,84142,84144,84247,84250,84268,84277,84279,84284,84287,84293,84296,84298,84308,84314,84318,84376,84383,84391,84393,84425],[10,82453,3482,82455,3486],{"id":82454},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82456,82457],{},"max()",[20,82459,9028,82460,82462],{},[15,82461,82457],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82464,82465],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[194,82467,82468,82471],{},[197,82469,82470],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[197,82472,82473],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82475,82476],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[181,82478,1907],{"id":1906},[40,82480,82482],{"className":42,"code":82481,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82483,82484,82508,82523,82527,82553,82557,82589],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82485,82486,82488,82490,82492,82494,82496,82498,82500,82502,82504,82506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82487,3525],{"class":55},[49,82489,60],{"class":59},[49,82491,3530],{"class":85},[49,82493,1965],{"class":458},[49,82495,341],{"class":85},[49,82497,6267],{"class":458},[49,82499,341],{"class":85},[49,82501,2896],{"class":458},[49,82503,341],{"class":85},[49,82505,459],{"class":458},[49,82507,1244],{"class":85},[49,82509,82510,82512,82514,82517,82519,82521],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,82511,110],{"class":109},[49,82513,92],{"class":85},[49,82515,82516],{"class":109},"max",[49,82518,92],{"class":85},[49,82520,3556],{"class":88},[49,82522,1581],{"class":85},[49,82524,82525],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,82526,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,82528,82529,82531,82533,82535,82537,82539,82541,82543,82545,82547,82549,82551],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,82530,110],{"class":109},[49,82532,92],{"class":85},[49,82534,82516],{"class":109},[49,82536,92],{"class":85},[49,82538,1965],{"class":458},[49,82540,341],{"class":85},[49,82542,6267],{"class":458},[49,82544,341],{"class":85},[49,82546,2896],{"class":458},[49,82548,341],{"class":85},[49,82550,459],{"class":458},[49,82552,1581],{"class":85},[49,82554,82555],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,82556,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,82558,82559,82561,82563,82565,82567,82569,82571,82573,82575,82577,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,82560,3976],{"class":55},[49,82562,60],{"class":59},[49,82564,3530],{"class":85},[49,82566,95],{"class":63},[49,82568,3985],{"class":67},[49,82570,95],{"class":63},[49,82572,341],{"class":85},[49,82574,64],{"class":63},[49,82576,230],{"class":67},[49,82578,95],{"class":63},[49,82580,341],{"class":85},[49,82582,64],{"class":63},[49,82584,78621],{"class":67},[49,82586,95],{"class":63},[49,82588,1244],{"class":85},[49,82590,82591,82593,82595,82597,82599,82601],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,82592,110],{"class":109},[49,82594,92],{"class":85},[49,82596,82516],{"class":109},[49,82598,92],{"class":85},[49,82600,4019],{"class":88},[49,82602,1581],{"class":85},[20,82604,1974],{},[40,82606,82608],{"className":42,"code":82607,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82609,82610,82614,82618],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82611,82612],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82613,2284],{"class":458},[49,82615,82616],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,82617,2284],{"class":458},[49,82619,82620],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,82621,82622],{"class":55},"pear\n",[20,82624,19868],{},[194,82626,82627,82633,82639],{},[197,82628,82629,82632],{},[15,82630,82631],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[197,82634,82635,82638],{},[15,82636,82637],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[197,82640,82641,82644],{},[15,82642,82643],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[181,82646,184,82648,187],{"id":82647},"what-max-does",[15,82649,82457],{},[20,82651,82652,1197],{},[15,82653,82457],{},[194,82655,82656,82659,82662,82665],{},[197,82657,82658],{},"Returns the largest item",[197,82660,82661],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[197,82663,82664],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[197,82666,82667],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82669,82670],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82672,82673],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[181,82675,316],{"id":315},[20,82677,82678,82679,1197],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82680,82457],{},[40,82682,82684],{"className":42,"code":82683,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82685,82686,82696,82720,82742,82765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82687,82688,82690,82692,82694],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82689,82516],{"class":109},[49,82691,92],{"class":85},[49,82693,3626],{"class":88},[49,82695,103],{"class":85},[49,82697,82698,82700,82702,82704,82706,82709,82711,82713,82715,82718],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,82699,82516],{"class":109},[49,82701,92],{"class":85},[49,82703,3626],{"class":88},[49,82705,341],{"class":85},[49,82707,82708],{"class":59}," *",[49,82710,341],{"class":85},[49,82712,21489],{"class":9081},[49,82714,60],{"class":59},[49,82716,82717],{"class":88},"func",[49,82719,103],{"class":85},[49,82721,82722,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732,82734,82736,82738,82740],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,82723,82516],{"class":109},[49,82725,92],{"class":85},[49,82727,3626],{"class":88},[49,82729,341],{"class":85},[49,82731,82708],{"class":59},[49,82733,341],{"class":85},[49,82735,26431],{"class":9081},[49,82737,60],{"class":59},[49,82739,338],{"class":88},[49,82741,103],{"class":85},[49,82743,82744,82746,82748,82751,82753,82756,82758,82760,82763],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,82745,82516],{"class":109},[49,82747,92],{"class":85},[49,82749,82750],{"class":88},"arg1",[49,82752,341],{"class":85},[49,82754,82755],{"class":88}," arg2",[49,82757,341],{"class":85},[49,82759,82708],{"class":59},[49,82761,82762],{"class":88},"args",[49,82764,103],{"class":85},[49,82766,82767,82769,82771,82773,82775,82777,82779,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,82768,82516],{"class":109},[49,82770,92],{"class":85},[49,82772,82750],{"class":88},[49,82774,341],{"class":85},[49,82776,82755],{"class":88},[49,82778,341],{"class":85},[49,82780,82708],{"class":59},[49,82782,82762],{"class":88},[49,82784,341],{"class":85},[49,82786,21489],{"class":9081},[49,82788,60],{"class":59},[49,82790,82717],{"class":88},[49,82792,103],{"class":85},[20,82794,82795],{},"The most important parts are:",[194,82797,82798,82803,82808],{},[197,82799,82800,82802],{},[15,82801,3626],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[197,82804,82805,82807],{},[15,82806,14751],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[197,82809,82810,82813],{},[15,82811,82812],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[181,82815,644,82817,82819],{"id":82816},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82818,82457],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82821,82822],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[40,82824,82826],{"className":42,"code":82825,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82827,82828,82854,82870,82874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82829,82830,82832,82834,82836,82839,82841,82843,82845,82847,82849,82852],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82831,4971],{"class":55},[49,82833,60],{"class":59},[49,82835,3530],{"class":85},[49,82837,82838],{"class":458},"72",[49,82840,341],{"class":85},[49,82842,51409],{"class":458},[49,82844,341],{"class":85},[49,82846,13416],{"class":458},[49,82848,341],{"class":85},[49,82850,82851],{"class":458}," 66",[49,82853,1244],{"class":85},[49,82855,82856,82859,82861,82864,82866,82868],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,82857,82858],{"class":55},"highest_score ",[49,82860,60],{"class":59},[49,82862,82863],{"class":109}," max",[49,82865,92],{"class":85},[49,82867,16300],{"class":88},[49,82869,103],{"class":85},[49,82871,82872],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,82873,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,82875,82876,82878,82880,82883],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,82877,110],{"class":109},[49,82879,92],{"class":85},[49,82881,82882],{"class":88},"highest_score",[49,82884,103],{"class":85},[20,82886,1974],{},[40,82888,82890],{"className":42,"code":82889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"91\n",[15,82891,82892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82893,82894],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82895,82889],{"class":458},[20,82897,82898],{},"This works well for:",[194,82900,82901,82904,82907,82910],{},[197,82902,82903],{},"Scores",[197,82905,82906],{},"Prices",[197,82908,82909],{},"Ages",[197,82911,82912],{},"Counts",[20,82914,51979],{},[40,82916,82918],{"className":42,"code":82917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82919,82920,82948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82921,82922,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82936,82938,82941,82943,82946],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82923,82924],{"class":55},"prices ",[49,82926,60],{"class":59},[49,82928,3530],{"class":85},[49,82930,40301],{"class":458},[49,82932,341],{"class":85},[49,82934,82935],{"class":458}," 5.50",[49,82937,341],{"class":85},[49,82939,82940],{"class":458}," 12.75",[49,82942,341],{"class":85},[49,82944,82945],{"class":458}," 29.00",[49,82947,1244],{"class":85},[49,82949,82950,82952,82954,82956,82958,82961],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,82951,110],{"class":109},[49,82953,92],{"class":85},[49,82955,82516],{"class":109},[49,82957,92],{"class":85},[49,82959,82960],{"class":88},"prices",[49,82962,1581],{"class":85},[20,82964,1974],{},[40,82966,82968],{"className":42,"code":82967,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"29.0\n",[15,82969,82970],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82971,82972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,82973,82967],{"class":458},[20,82975,82976,82977,82979,82980,32],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82978,82457],{}," is simpler than ",[820,82981,82982],{"href":74400},[15,82983,74303],{},[181,82985,644,82987,82989],{"id":82986},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82988,82457],{}," with separate values",[20,82991,82992],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[40,82994,82996],{"className":42,"code":82995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82997,82998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,82999,83000,83002,83004,83006,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016,83018],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83001,110],{"class":109},[49,83003,92],{"class":85},[49,83005,82516],{"class":109},[49,83007,92],{"class":85},[49,83009,2407],{"class":458},[49,83011,341],{"class":85},[49,83013,30849],{"class":458},[49,83015,341],{"class":85},[49,83017,493],{"class":458},[49,83019,1581],{"class":85},[20,83021,1974],{},[40,83023,83024],{"className":42,"code":2126,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83025,83026],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83027,83028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83029,2126],{"class":458},[20,83031,83032],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83034,83035],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[40,83037,83039],{"className":42,"code":83038,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83040,83041,83050,83058,83068,83072,83095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83042,83043,83045,83047],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83044,2457],{"class":55},[49,83046,60],{"class":59},[49,83048,83049],{"class":458}," 15\n",[49,83051,83052,83054,83056],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83053,2485],{"class":55},[49,83055,60],{"class":59},[49,83057,2672],{"class":458},[49,83059,83060,83063,83065],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,83061,83062],{"class":55},"c ",[49,83064,60],{"class":59},[49,83066,83067],{"class":458}," 27\n",[49,83069,83070],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,83071,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,83073,83074,83077,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089,83091,83093],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,83075,83076],{"class":55},"largest ",[49,83078,60],{"class":59},[49,83080,82863],{"class":109},[49,83082,92],{"class":85},[49,83084,820],{"class":88},[49,83086,341],{"class":85},[49,83088,2462],{"class":88},[49,83090,341],{"class":85},[49,83092,9588],{"class":88},[49,83094,103],{"class":85},[49,83096,83097,83099,83101,83104],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,83098,110],{"class":109},[49,83100,92],{"class":85},[49,83102,83103],{"class":88},"largest",[49,83105,103],{"class":85},[20,83107,1974],{},[40,83109,83110],{"className":42,"code":46511,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83111,83112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83113,83114],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83115,46511],{"class":458},[20,83117,83118],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[181,83120,644,83122,46958],{"id":83121},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83123,82457],{},[20,83125,83126,83128],{},[15,83127,82457],{}," can compare strings too.",[40,83130,83132],{"className":42,"code":83131,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83133,83134,83166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83135,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156,83158,83160,83162,83164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83137,3976],{"class":55},[49,83139,60],{"class":59},[49,83141,3530],{"class":85},[49,83143,95],{"class":63},[49,83145,3985],{"class":67},[49,83147,95],{"class":63},[49,83149,341],{"class":85},[49,83151,64],{"class":63},[49,83153,230],{"class":67},[49,83155,95],{"class":63},[49,83157,341],{"class":85},[49,83159,64],{"class":63},[49,83161,78621],{"class":67},[49,83163,95],{"class":63},[49,83165,1244],{"class":85},[49,83167,83168,83170,83172,83174,83176,83178],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83169,110],{"class":109},[49,83171,92],{"class":85},[49,83173,82516],{"class":109},[49,83175,92],{"class":85},[49,83177,4019],{"class":88},[49,83179,1581],{"class":85},[20,83181,1974],{},[40,83183,83184],{"className":42,"code":82622,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83185,83186],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83187,83188],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83189,82622],{"class":55},[20,83191,83192],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83194,68165],{},[194,83196,83197,83206,83209],{},[197,83198,83199,83202,83203,83205],{},[15,83200,83201],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83204,65160],{}," alphabetically",[197,83207,83208],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[197,83210,83211],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83213,214],{},[40,83215,83217],{"className":42,"code":83216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83218,83219,83252],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83220,83221,83223,83225,83227,83229,83231,83233,83235,83237,83240,83242,83244,83246,83248,83250],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83222,3976],{"class":55},[49,83224,60],{"class":59},[49,83226,3530],{"class":85},[49,83228,95],{"class":63},[49,83230,3985],{"class":67},[49,83232,95],{"class":63},[49,83234,341],{"class":85},[49,83236,64],{"class":63},[49,83238,83239],{"class":67},"Banana",[49,83241,95],{"class":63},[49,83243,341],{"class":85},[49,83245,64],{"class":63},[49,83247,78621],{"class":67},[49,83249,95],{"class":63},[49,83251,1244],{"class":85},[49,83253,83254,83256,83258,83260,83262,83264],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83255,110],{"class":109},[49,83257,92],{"class":85},[49,83259,82516],{"class":109},[49,83261,92],{"class":85},[49,83263,4019],{"class":88},[49,83265,1581],{"class":85},[20,83267,83268],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83270,83271,83272,83274],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83273,14751],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[181,83276,36517,83277,36520],{"id":78579},[15,83278,14751],{},[20,83280,661,83281,83283],{},[15,83282,14751],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83285,83286],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[353,83288,83290],{"id":83289},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[40,83292,83294],{"className":42,"code":83293,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83295,83296,83328],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83297,83298,83300,83302,83304,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316,83318,83320,83322,83324,83326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83299,3976],{"class":55},[49,83301,60],{"class":59},[49,83303,3530],{"class":85},[49,83305,95],{"class":63},[49,83307,36952],{"class":67},[49,83309,95],{"class":63},[49,83311,341],{"class":85},[49,83313,64],{"class":63},[49,83315,68208],{"class":67},[49,83317,95],{"class":63},[49,83319,341],{"class":85},[49,83321,64],{"class":63},[49,83323,58023],{"class":67},[49,83325,95],{"class":63},[49,83327,1244],{"class":85},[49,83329,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338,83340,83342,83344,83346,83348],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83331,110],{"class":109},[49,83333,92],{"class":85},[49,83335,82516],{"class":109},[49,83337,92],{"class":85},[49,83339,4019],{"class":88},[49,83341,341],{"class":85},[49,83343,21489],{"class":9081},[49,83345,60],{"class":59},[49,83347,1631],{"class":109},[49,83349,1581],{"class":85},[20,83351,1974],{},[40,83353,83355],{"className":42,"code":83354,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"elephant\n",[15,83356,83357],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83358,83359],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83360,83354],{"class":55},[20,83362,305,83363,83366],{},[15,83364,83365],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83368,83369,83370,33536,83372,32],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83371,42261],{},[820,83373,83374,5690],{"href":42258},[15,83375,42261],{},[353,83377,83379],{"id":83378},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[40,83381,83383],{"className":42,"code":83382,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83384,83385,83417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83386,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83388,3976],{"class":55},[49,83390,60],{"class":59},[49,83392,3530],{"class":85},[49,83394,95],{"class":63},[49,83396,3985],{"class":67},[49,83398,95],{"class":63},[49,83400,341],{"class":85},[49,83402,64],{"class":63},[49,83404,83239],{"class":67},[49,83406,95],{"class":63},[49,83408,341],{"class":85},[49,83410,64],{"class":63},[49,83412,78621],{"class":67},[49,83414,95],{"class":63},[49,83416,1244],{"class":85},[49,83418,83419,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431,83433,83435,83437,83439,83441],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83420,110],{"class":109},[49,83422,92],{"class":85},[49,83424,82516],{"class":109},[49,83426,92],{"class":85},[49,83428,4019],{"class":88},[49,83430,341],{"class":85},[49,83432,21489],{"class":9081},[49,83434,60],{"class":59},[49,83436,3349],{"class":2804},[49,83438,32],{"class":85},[49,83440,960],{"class":24660},[49,83442,1581],{"class":85},[20,83444,1974],{},[40,83446,83447],{"className":42,"code":82622,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83448,83449],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83450,83451],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83452,82622],{"class":55},[20,83454,305,83455,83457],{},[15,83456,78575],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[353,83459,83461],{"id":83460},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83463,83464,83465,1197],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83466,37564],{},[40,83468,83470],{"className":42,"code":83469,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83471,83472,83515],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83473,83474,83476,83478,83480,83482,83484,83486,83488,83490,83493,83495,83497,83499,83502,83504,83506,83508,83511,83513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83475,7687],{"class":55},[49,83477,60],{"class":59},[49,83479,3530],{"class":85},[49,83481,95],{"class":63},[49,83483,820],{"class":67},[49,83485,95],{"class":63},[49,83487,341],{"class":85},[49,83489,64],{"class":63},[49,83491,83492],{"class":67},"bb",[49,83494,95],{"class":63},[49,83496,341],{"class":85},[49,83498,64],{"class":63},[49,83500,83501],{"class":67},"cccc",[49,83503,95],{"class":63},[49,83505,341],{"class":85},[49,83507,64],{"class":63},[49,83509,83510],{"class":67},"ddd",[49,83512,95],{"class":63},[49,83514,1244],{"class":85},[49,83516,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543,83545],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83518,110],{"class":109},[49,83520,92],{"class":85},[49,83522,82516],{"class":109},[49,83524,92],{"class":85},[49,83526,7718],{"class":88},[49,83528,341],{"class":85},[49,83530,21489],{"class":9081},[49,83532,60],{"class":59},[49,83534,37564],{"class":1968},[49,83536,82],{"class":37567},[49,83538,1197],{"class":85},[49,83540,38289],{"class":109},[49,83542,92],{"class":85},[49,83544,245],{"class":88},[49,83546,2815],{"class":85},[20,83548,1974],{},[40,83550,83552],{"className":42,"code":83551,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cccc\n",[15,83553,83554],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83555,83556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83557,83551],{"class":55},[20,83559,49450,83560,380,83562,83564],{},[15,83561,83365],{},[15,83563,78462],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[181,83566,36517,83568,36520],{"id":83567},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83569,82812],{},[20,83571,661,83572,83574],{},[15,83573,82812],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83576,83577],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[40,83579,83581],{"className":42,"code":83580,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83582,83583,83591],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83584,83585,83587,83589],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83586,3525],{"class":55},[49,83588,60],{"class":59},[49,83590,7747],{"class":85},[49,83592,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603,83605,83607,83609,83611],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83594,110],{"class":109},[49,83596,92],{"class":85},[49,83598,82516],{"class":109},[49,83600,92],{"class":85},[49,83602,3556],{"class":88},[49,83604,341],{"class":85},[49,83606,26431],{"class":9081},[49,83608,60],{"class":59},[49,83610,516],{"class":458},[49,83612,1581],{"class":85},[20,83614,1974],{},[40,83616,83617],{"className":42,"code":47151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,83618,83619],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83620,83621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83622,47151],{"class":458},[20,83624,83625],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83627,83628,83629,83631],{},"Without ",[15,83630,82812],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83633,51979],{},[40,83635,83637],{"className":42,"code":83636,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83638,83639,83647,83674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83640,83641,83643,83645],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83642,3976],{"class":55},[49,83644,60],{"class":59},[49,83646,7747],{"class":85},[49,83648,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667,83670,83672],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83650,2131],{"class":55},[49,83652,60],{"class":59},[49,83654,82863],{"class":109},[49,83656,92],{"class":85},[49,83658,4019],{"class":88},[49,83660,341],{"class":85},[49,83662,26431],{"class":9081},[49,83664,60],{"class":59},[49,83666,95],{"class":63},[49,83668,83669],{"class":67},"no words found",[49,83671,95],{"class":63},[49,83673,103],{"class":85},[49,83675,83676,83678,83680,83682],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,83677,110],{"class":109},[49,83679,92],{"class":85},[49,83681,2166],{"class":88},[49,83683,103],{"class":85},[20,83685,1974],{},[40,83687,83689],{"className":42,"code":83688,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"no words found\n",[15,83690,83691],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83692,83693],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83694,83688],{"class":55},[20,83696,83697],{},"Important:",[194,83699,83700,83708],{},[197,83701,83702,83704,83705],{},[15,83703,82812],{}," works with ",[15,83706,83707],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[197,83709,40808,83710,83712,83713],{},[666,83711,4536],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83714,83715],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[181,83717,47886],{"id":47885},[20,83719,83720,83721,32],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83722,82457],{},[353,83724,83726,83728],{"id":83725},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83727,1010],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83730,83731,83732,45807,83734,32],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83733,82812],{},[15,83735,1010],{},[40,83737,83739],{"className":42,"code":83738,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83740,83741,83749],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83742,83743,83745,83747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83744,3525],{"class":55},[49,83746,60],{"class":59},[49,83748,7747],{"class":85},[49,83750,83751,83753,83755,83757,83759,83761],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83752,110],{"class":109},[49,83754,92],{"class":85},[49,83756,82516],{"class":109},[49,83758,92],{"class":85},[49,83760,3556],{"class":88},[49,83762,1581],{"class":85},[20,83764,29586],{},[40,83766,83768],{"className":42,"code":83767,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83769,83770],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83771,83772,83774,83776,83778,83780,83783,83785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83773,1010],{"class":2804},[49,83775,1197],{"class":85},[49,83777,82863],{"class":109},[49,83779,7272],{"class":85},[49,83781,83782],{"class":55}," arg ",[49,83784,12101],{"class":59},[49,83786,83787],{"class":55}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83789,83790,83791,1197],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83792,82812],{},[40,83794,83796],{"className":42,"code":83795,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83797,83798,83806],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83799,83800,83802,83804],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83801,3525],{"class":55},[49,83803,60],{"class":59},[49,83805,7747],{"class":85},[49,83807,83808,83810,83812,83814,83816,83818,83820,83822,83824,83826],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83809,110],{"class":109},[49,83811,92],{"class":85},[49,83813,82516],{"class":109},[49,83815,92],{"class":85},[49,83817,3556],{"class":88},[49,83819,341],{"class":85},[49,83821,26431],{"class":9081},[49,83823,60],{"class":59},[49,83825,3684],{"class":3757},[49,83827,1581],{"class":85},[20,83829,83830,83831,32],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[820,83832,65724],{"href":72758},[353,83834,83836,83838],{"id":83835},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83837,2909],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83840,83841,83842,32],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83843,2909],{},[40,83845,83847],{"className":42,"code":83846,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83848,83849,83873],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83850,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863,83865,83867,83869,83871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83852,7687],{"class":55},[49,83854,60],{"class":59},[49,83856,3530],{"class":85},[49,83858,2233],{"class":458},[49,83860,341],{"class":85},[49,83862,64],{"class":63},[49,83864,15665],{"class":67},[49,83866,95],{"class":63},[49,83868,341],{"class":85},[49,83870,7703],{"class":458},[49,83872,1244],{"class":85},[49,83874,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83876,110],{"class":109},[49,83878,92],{"class":85},[49,83880,82516],{"class":109},[49,83882,92],{"class":85},[49,83884,7718],{"class":88},[49,83886,1581],{"class":85},[20,83888,83889],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83891,83892],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[40,83894,83896],{"className":42,"code":83895,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83897,83898,83918],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83899,83900,83902,83904,83906,83908,83910,83912,83914,83916],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83901,7687],{"class":55},[49,83903,60],{"class":59},[49,83905,3530],{"class":85},[49,83907,2233],{"class":458},[49,83909,341],{"class":85},[49,83911,7698],{"class":458},[49,83913,341],{"class":85},[49,83915,7703],{"class":458},[49,83917,1244],{"class":85},[49,83919,83920,83922,83924,83926,83928,83930],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,83921,110],{"class":109},[49,83923,92],{"class":85},[49,83925,82516],{"class":109},[49,83927,92],{"class":85},[49,83929,7718],{"class":88},[49,83931,1581],{"class":85},[20,83933,83934,83935,32],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[820,83936,83938],{"href":83937},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[353,83940,83942,83944],{"id":83941},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83943,2909],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83946,83947,83949],{},[15,83948,82457],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[40,83951,83953],{"className":42,"code":83952,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(max())\n",[15,83954,83955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,83956,83957,83959,83961,83963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,83958,110],{"class":109},[49,83960,92],{"class":85},[49,83962,82516],{"class":109},[49,83964,7100],{"class":85},[20,83966,2906,83967,32],{},[15,83968,2909],{},[181,83970,83972,983,83974],{"id":83971},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83973,82457],{},[15,83975,74303],{},[20,83977,83978],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83980,83981,1197],{},[15,83982,82457],{},[194,83984,83985],{},[197,83986,83987],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83989,83990,1197],{},[15,83991,74303],{},[194,83993,83994],{},[197,83995,83996],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83998,214],{},[40,84000,84002],{"className":42,"code":84001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84003,84004,84028,84032,84046],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84005,84006,84008,84010,84012,84014,84016,84018,84020,84022,84024,84026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84007,3525],{"class":55},[49,84009,60],{"class":59},[49,84011,3530],{"class":85},[49,84013,1965],{"class":458},[49,84015,341],{"class":85},[49,84017,6267],{"class":458},[49,84019,341],{"class":85},[49,84021,2896],{"class":458},[49,84023,341],{"class":85},[49,84025,459],{"class":458},[49,84027,1244],{"class":85},[49,84029,84030],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84031,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,84033,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,84035,110],{"class":109},[49,84037,92],{"class":85},[49,84039,82516],{"class":109},[49,84041,92],{"class":85},[49,84043,3556],{"class":88},[49,84045,1581],{"class":85},[49,84047,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,84049,110],{"class":109},[49,84051,92],{"class":85},[49,84053,74393],{"class":109},[49,84055,92],{"class":85},[49,84057,3556],{"class":88},[49,84059,1581],{"class":85},[20,84061,1974],{},[40,84063,84065],{"className":42,"code":84064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84066,84067,84071],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84068,84069],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84070,2284],{"class":458},[49,84072,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84074,1256],{"class":85},[49,84076,312],{"class":458},[49,84078,341],{"class":85},[49,84080,2354],{"class":458},[49,84082,341],{"class":85},[49,84084,459],{"class":458},[49,84086,341],{"class":85},[49,84088,6267],{"class":458},[49,84090,1244],{"class":85},[20,84092,35,84093,84095],{},[15,84094,82457],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84097,35,84098,84102],{},[820,84099,84100],{"href":74400},[15,84101,74303],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84104,84105,84106,32],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[820,84107,84109],{"href":84108},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84110,84111],{},"min()",[181,84113,1308],{"id":1307},[20,84115,84116],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[194,84118,84119,84126,84129,84134,84137],{},[197,84120,29555,84121,84123,84124],{},[15,84122,82457],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84125,82812],{},[197,84127,84128],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[197,84130,1318,84131,84133],{},[15,84132,82457],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[197,84135,84136],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[197,84138,644,84139,84141],{},[15,84140,82812],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84143,11020],{},[40,84145,84147],{"className":42,"code":84146,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84148,84149,84159,84173,84187,84201,84223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84150,84151,84153,84155,84157],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84152,110],{"class":109},[49,84154,92],{"class":85},[49,84156,7718],{"class":88},[49,84158,103],{"class":85},[49,84160,84161,84163,84165,84167,84169,84171],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84162,110],{"class":109},[49,84164,92],{"class":85},[49,84166,3127],{"class":2804},[49,84168,92],{"class":85},[49,84170,7718],{"class":88},[49,84172,1581],{"class":85},[49,84174,84175,84177,84179,84181,84183,84185],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,84176,110],{"class":109},[49,84178,92],{"class":85},[49,84180,1631],{"class":109},[49,84182,92],{"class":85},[49,84184,7718],{"class":88},[49,84186,1581],{"class":85},[49,84188,84189,84191,84193,84195,84197,84199],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,84190,110],{"class":109},[49,84192,92],{"class":85},[49,84194,82516],{"class":109},[49,84196,92],{"class":85},[49,84198,7718],{"class":88},[49,84200,1581],{"class":85},[49,84202,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,84204,110],{"class":109},[49,84206,92],{"class":85},[49,84208,82516],{"class":109},[49,84210,92],{"class":85},[49,84212,7718],{"class":88},[49,84214,341],{"class":85},[49,84216,26431],{"class":9081},[49,84218,60],{"class":59},[49,84220,3684],{"class":3757},[49,84222,1581],{"class":85},[49,84224,84225,84227,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239,84241,84243,84245],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,84226,110],{"class":109},[49,84228,2889],{"class":85},[49,84230,3127],{"class":2804},[49,84232,92],{"class":85},[49,84234,283],{"class":88},[49,84236,118],{"class":85},[49,84238,3782],{"class":1210},[49,84240,3785],{"class":88},[49,84242,3788],{"class":1210},[49,84244,5873],{"class":88},[49,84246,3794],{"class":85},[20,84248,84249],{},"These are useful for checking:",[194,84251,84252,84257,84262,84265],{},[197,84253,84254,84255],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84256,7718],{},[197,84258,79627,84259,84261],{},[15,84260,7718],{}," is a list or some other type",[197,84263,84264],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[197,84266,84267],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84269,69229,84270,84273,84274,84276],{},[15,84271,84272],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84275,7718],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[181,84278,1704],{"id":1703},[353,84280,5050,84282,5053],{"id":84281},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84283,82457],{},[20,84285,84286],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[353,84288,5077,84290,84292],{"id":84289},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84291,82457],{}," work with strings?",[20,84294,84295],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[353,84297,71527],{"id":71526},[20,84299,84300,1007,84302,84304,84305,84307],{},[15,84301,82457],{},[15,84303,1010],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84306,82812],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[353,84309,84311,84312,2394],{"id":84310},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84313,82457],{},[20,84315,35,84316,1197],{},[15,84317,83365],{},[40,84319,84320],{"className":42,"code":83293,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84321,84322,84354],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84323,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84325,3976],{"class":55},[49,84327,60],{"class":59},[49,84329,3530],{"class":85},[49,84331,95],{"class":63},[49,84333,36952],{"class":67},[49,84335,95],{"class":63},[49,84337,341],{"class":85},[49,84339,64],{"class":63},[49,84341,68208],{"class":67},[49,84343,95],{"class":63},[49,84345,341],{"class":85},[49,84347,64],{"class":63},[49,84349,58023],{"class":67},[49,84351,95],{"class":63},[49,84353,1244],{"class":85},[49,84355,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366,84368,84370,84372,84374],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84357,110],{"class":109},[49,84359,92],{"class":85},[49,84361,82516],{"class":109},[49,84363,92],{"class":85},[49,84365,4019],{"class":88},[49,84367,341],{"class":85},[49,84369,21489],{"class":9081},[49,84371,60],{"class":59},[49,84373,1631],{"class":109},[49,84375,1581],{"class":85},[353,84377,1740,84379,380,84381,2394],{"id":84378},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84380,82457],{},[15,84382,74303],{},[20,84384,84385,84387,84388,84390],{},[15,84386,82457],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":84429},[84430,84431,84433,84434,84436,84438,84440,84445,84447,84455,84457,84458,84469],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":82647,"depth":74,"text":84432},"What max() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":82816,"depth":74,"text":84435},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82986,"depth":74,"text":84437},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83121,"depth":74,"text":84439},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78579,"depth":74,"text":79776,"children":84441},[84442,84443,84444],{"id":83289,"depth":106,"text":83290},{"id":83378,"depth":106,"text":83379},{"id":83460,"depth":106,"text":83461},{"id":83567,"depth":74,"text":84446},"Using the default argument",{"id":47885,"depth":74,"text":47886,"children":84448},[84449,84451,84453],{"id":83725,"depth":106,"text":84450},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83835,"depth":106,"text":84452},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83941,"depth":106,"text":84454},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83971,"depth":74,"text":84456},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":84459},[84460,84462,84464,84465,84467],{"id":84281,"depth":106,"text":84461},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84289,"depth":106,"text":84463},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71526,"depth":106,"text":71527},{"id":84310,"depth":106,"text":84466},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84378,"depth":106,"text":84468},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82449,"description":84470},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84477,"title":84478,"body":84479,"description":86433,"extension":1866,"meta":86434,"navigation":128,"path":86435,"seo":86436,"stem":86437,"__hash__":86438},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84480,"toc":86390},[84481,84486,84491,84497,84499,84573,84575,84588,84593,84598,84614,84618,84623,84699,84705,84708,84751,84753,84761,84767,84770,84801,84803,84811,84817,84822,84881,84883,84892,84895,84905,84911,84916,84951,84953,84961,84967,84973,84978,85022,85024,85033,85036,85076,85078,85087,85090,85102,85107,85112,85163,85165,85174,85177,85228,85230,85239,85242,85249,85255,85260,85262,85277,85281,85341,85343,85352,85356,85528,85530,85567,85574,85580,85583,85610,85612,85633,85638,85673,85675,85683,85686,85689,85705,85710,85712,85716,85722,85726,85753,85756,85766,85806,85810,85813,85856,85858,85867,85870,85875,85944,85946,85954,85959,85963,85966,86017,86019,86027,86030,86093,86095,86103,86106,86111,86115,86128,86135,86143,86145,86147,86177,86183,86284,86294,86296,86301,86304,86309,86312,86314,86322,86330,86338,86345,86353,86355,86387],[10,84482,3482,84484,3486],{"id":84483},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84485,84111],{},[20,84487,84488,84490],{},[15,84489,84111],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84492,84493,84494,84496],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84495,84111],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[181,84498,1907],{"id":1906},[40,84500,84502],{"className":42,"code":84501,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84503,84504,84528,84543,84547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84505,84506,84508,84510,84512,84514,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84507,3525],{"class":55},[49,84509,60],{"class":59},[49,84511,3530],{"class":85},[49,84513,2040],{"class":458},[49,84515,341],{"class":85},[49,84517,2896],{"class":458},[49,84519,341],{"class":85},[49,84521,54034],{"class":458},[49,84523,341],{"class":85},[49,84525,1264],{"class":458},[49,84527,1244],{"class":85},[49,84529,84530,84532,84534,84537,84539,84541],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84531,110],{"class":109},[49,84533,92],{"class":85},[49,84535,84536],{"class":109},"min",[49,84538,92],{"class":85},[49,84540,3556],{"class":88},[49,84542,1581],{"class":85},[49,84544,84545],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,84546,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,84548,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,84550,110],{"class":109},[49,84552,92],{"class":85},[49,84554,84536],{"class":109},[49,84556,92],{"class":85},[49,84558,2040],{"class":458},[49,84560,341],{"class":85},[49,84562,2896],{"class":458},[49,84564,341],{"class":85},[49,84566,54034],{"class":458},[49,84568,341],{"class":85},[49,84570,1264],{"class":458},[49,84572,1581],{"class":85},[20,84574,1974],{},[40,84576,84578],{"className":42,"code":84577,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1\n1\n",[15,84579,84580,84584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84581,84582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84583,46816],{"class":458},[49,84585,84586],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84587,46816],{"class":458},[20,84589,35,84590,84592],{},[15,84591,84111],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[181,84594,184,84596,187],{"id":84595},"what-min-does",[15,84597,84111],{},[194,84599,84600,84605,84608,84611],{},[197,84601,84602,84604],{},[15,84603,84111],{}," returns the smallest item",[197,84606,84607],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[197,84609,84610],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[197,84612,84613],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[181,84615,84617],{"id":84616},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84619,84620,84621,1197],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84622,84111],{},[40,84624,84626],{"className":42,"code":84625,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84627,84628,84638,84663,84681],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84629,84630,84632,84634,84636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84631,84536],{"class":109},[49,84633,92],{"class":85},[49,84635,3626],{"class":88},[49,84637,103],{"class":85},[49,84639,84640,84642,84644,84647,84649,84652,84654,84657,84659,84661],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84641,84536],{"class":109},[49,84643,92],{"class":85},[49,84645,84646],{"class":88},"value1",[49,84648,341],{"class":85},[49,84650,84651],{"class":88}," value2",[49,84653,341],{"class":85},[49,84655,84656],{"class":88}," value3",[49,84658,341],{"class":85},[49,84660,34362],{"class":109},[49,84662,103],{"class":85},[49,84664,84665,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,84666,84536],{"class":109},[49,84668,92],{"class":85},[49,84670,3626],{"class":88},[49,84672,341],{"class":85},[49,84674,21489],{"class":9081},[49,84676,60],{"class":59},[49,84678,37275],{"class":109},[49,84680,103],{"class":85},[49,84682,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695,84697],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,84684,84536],{"class":109},[49,84686,92],{"class":85},[49,84688,3626],{"class":88},[49,84690,341],{"class":85},[49,84692,26431],{"class":9081},[49,84694,60],{"class":59},[49,84696,37275],{"class":109},[49,84698,103],{"class":85},[353,84700,84702],{"id":84701},"miniterable",[15,84703,84704],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84706,84707],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[40,84709,84711],{"className":42,"code":84710,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84712,84713,84737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84714,84715,84717,84719,84721,84723,84725,84727,84729,84731,84733,84735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84716,3525],{"class":55},[49,84718,60],{"class":59},[49,84720,3530],{"class":85},[49,84722,2248],{"class":458},[49,84724,341],{"class":85},[49,84726,2354],{"class":458},[49,84728,341],{"class":85},[49,84730,30849],{"class":458},[49,84732,341],{"class":85},[49,84734,1264],{"class":458},[49,84736,1244],{"class":85},[49,84738,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747,84749],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84740,110],{"class":109},[49,84742,92],{"class":85},[49,84744,84536],{"class":109},[49,84746,92],{"class":85},[49,84748,3556],{"class":88},[49,84750,1581],{"class":85},[20,84752,1974],{},[40,84754,84755],{"className":42,"code":46816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84756,84757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84758,84759],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84760,46816],{"class":458},[353,84762,84764],{"id":84763},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84765,84766],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84768,84769],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[40,84771,84773],{"className":42,"code":84772,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84774,84775],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84776,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84797,84799],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84778,110],{"class":109},[49,84780,92],{"class":85},[49,84782,84536],{"class":109},[49,84784,92],{"class":85},[49,84786,2248],{"class":458},[49,84788,341],{"class":85},[49,84790,2354],{"class":458},[49,84792,341],{"class":85},[49,84794,30849],{"class":458},[49,84796,341],{"class":85},[49,84798,1264],{"class":458},[49,84800,1581],{"class":85},[20,84802,1974],{},[40,84804,84805],{"className":42,"code":46816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84806,84807],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84808,84809],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84810,46816],{"class":458},[353,84812,84814],{"id":84813},"miniterable-key",[15,84815,84816],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84818,35,84819,84821],{},[15,84820,14751],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[40,84823,84825],{"className":42,"code":84824,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84826,84827,84859],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84828,84829,84831,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84830,3976],{"class":55},[49,84832,60],{"class":59},[49,84834,3530],{"class":85},[49,84836,95],{"class":63},[49,84838,78621],{"class":67},[49,84840,95],{"class":63},[49,84842,341],{"class":85},[49,84844,64],{"class":63},[49,84846,38244],{"class":67},[49,84848,95],{"class":63},[49,84850,341],{"class":85},[49,84852,64],{"class":63},[49,84854,230],{"class":67},[49,84856,95],{"class":63},[49,84858,1244],{"class":85},[49,84860,84861,84863,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84879],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84862,110],{"class":109},[49,84864,92],{"class":85},[49,84866,84536],{"class":109},[49,84868,92],{"class":85},[49,84870,4019],{"class":88},[49,84872,341],{"class":85},[49,84874,21489],{"class":9081},[49,84876,60],{"class":59},[49,84878,1631],{"class":109},[49,84880,1581],{"class":85},[20,84882,1974],{},[40,84884,84886],{"className":42,"code":84885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"kiwi\n",[15,84887,84888],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84889,84890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84891,84885],{"class":55},[20,84893,84894],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84896,84897,84898,84900,84901,32],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84899,42261],{},", see the ",[820,84902,84903,3415],{"href":42258},[15,84904,42261],{},[353,84906,84908],{"id":84907},"miniterable-default",[15,84909,84910],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84912,35,84913,84915],{},[15,84914,82812],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[40,84917,84919],{"className":42,"code":84918,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84920,84921,84929],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84922,84923,84925,84927],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84924,3525],{"class":55},[49,84926,60],{"class":59},[49,84928,7747],{"class":85},[49,84930,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,84932,110],{"class":109},[49,84934,92],{"class":85},[49,84936,84536],{"class":109},[49,84938,92],{"class":85},[49,84940,3556],{"class":88},[49,84942,341],{"class":85},[49,84944,26431],{"class":9081},[49,84946,60],{"class":59},[49,84948,516],{"class":458},[49,84950,1581],{"class":85},[20,84952,1974],{},[40,84954,84955],{"className":42,"code":47151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,84956,84957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84958,84959],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84960,47151],{"class":458},[20,84962,84963,84964,84966],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84965,1010],{}," when there is no item to return.",[181,84968,644,84970,84972],{"id":84969},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84971,84111],{}," with numbers",[20,84974,84975,84977],{},[15,84976,84111],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[40,84979,84981],{"className":42,"code":84980,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84982,84983,85008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,84984,84985,84987,84989,84991,84993,84995,84998,85000,85002,85004,85006],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,84986,4971],{"class":55},[49,84988,60],{"class":59},[49,84990,3530],{"class":85},[49,84992,51404],{"class":458},[49,84994,341],{"class":85},[49,84996,84997],{"class":458}," 72",[49,84999,341],{"class":85},[49,85001,28811],{"class":458},[49,85003,341],{"class":85},[49,85005,75977],{"class":458},[49,85007,1244],{"class":85},[49,85009,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85011,110],{"class":109},[49,85013,92],{"class":85},[49,85015,84536],{"class":109},[49,85017,92],{"class":85},[49,85019,16300],{"class":88},[49,85021,1581],{"class":85},[20,85023,1974],{},[40,85025,85027],{"className":42,"code":85026,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"60\n",[15,85028,85029],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85030,85031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85032,85026],{"class":458},[20,85034,85035],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[40,85037,85039],{"className":42,"code":85038,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85040,85041,85062],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85042,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051,85053,85056,85058,85060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85044,82924],{"class":55},[49,85046,60],{"class":59},[49,85048,3530],{"class":85},[49,85050,40301],{"class":458},[49,85052,341],{"class":85},[49,85054,85055],{"class":458}," 5.49",[49,85057,341],{"class":85},[49,85059,82940],{"class":458},[49,85061,1244],{"class":85},[49,85063,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85065,110],{"class":109},[49,85067,92],{"class":85},[49,85069,84536],{"class":109},[49,85071,92],{"class":85},[49,85073,82960],{"class":88},[49,85075,1581],{"class":85},[20,85077,1974],{},[40,85079,85081],{"className":42,"code":85080,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5.49\n",[15,85082,85083],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85084,85085],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85086,85080],{"class":458},[20,85088,85089],{},"This is useful for things like:",[194,85091,85092,85094,85096,85099],{},[197,85093,16300],{},[197,85095,82960],{},[197,85097,85098],{},"measurements",[197,85100,85101],{},"ages",[181,85103,644,85105,46958],{"id":85104},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85106,84111],{},[20,85108,85109,85111],{},[15,85110,84111],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[40,85113,85115],{"className":42,"code":85114,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85116,85117,85149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85118,85119,85121,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131,85133,85135,85137,85139,85141,85143,85145,85147],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85120,3976],{"class":55},[49,85122,60],{"class":59},[49,85124,3530],{"class":85},[49,85126,95],{"class":63},[49,85128,230],{"class":67},[49,85130,95],{"class":63},[49,85132,341],{"class":85},[49,85134,64],{"class":63},[49,85136,3985],{"class":67},[49,85138,95],{"class":63},[49,85140,341],{"class":85},[49,85142,64],{"class":63},[49,85144,4002],{"class":67},[49,85146,95],{"class":63},[49,85148,1244],{"class":85},[49,85150,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85152,110],{"class":109},[49,85154,92],{"class":85},[49,85156,84536],{"class":109},[49,85158,92],{"class":85},[49,85160,4019],{"class":88},[49,85162,1581],{"class":85},[20,85164,1974],{},[40,85166,85168],{"className":42,"code":85167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"apple\n",[15,85169,85170],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85171,85172],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85173,85167],{"class":55},[20,85175,85176],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[40,85178,85180],{"className":42,"code":85179,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85181,85182,85214],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85183,85184,85186,85188,85190,85192,85194,85196,85198,85200,85202,85204,85206,85208,85210,85212],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85185,3976],{"class":55},[49,85187,60],{"class":59},[49,85189,3530],{"class":85},[49,85191,95],{"class":63},[49,85193,230],{"class":67},[49,85195,95],{"class":63},[49,85197,341],{"class":85},[49,85199,64],{"class":63},[49,85201,57664],{"class":67},[49,85203,95],{"class":63},[49,85205,341],{"class":85},[49,85207,64],{"class":63},[49,85209,4002],{"class":67},[49,85211,95],{"class":63},[49,85213,1244],{"class":85},[49,85215,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85217,110],{"class":109},[49,85219,92],{"class":85},[49,85221,84536],{"class":109},[49,85223,92],{"class":85},[49,85225,4019],{"class":88},[49,85227,1581],{"class":85},[20,85229,1974],{},[40,85231,85233],{"className":42,"code":85232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Apple\n",[15,85234,85235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85236,85237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85238,85232],{"class":55},[20,85240,85241],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85243,85244,85245,32],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[820,85246,85247,5690],{"href":74400},[15,85248,74303],{},[181,85250,644,85252,85254],{"id":85251},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85253,84111],{}," with a key function",[20,85256,661,85257,85259],{},[15,85258,14751],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85261,11364],{},[194,85263,85264,85269,85274],{},[197,85265,85266,85268],{},[15,85267,14751],{}," changes the comparison rule",[197,85270,85271,85273],{},[15,85272,84111],{}," still returns the original item",[197,85275,85276],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[353,85278,85280],{"id":85279},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[40,85282,85284],{"className":42,"code":85283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85285,85286,85319],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85287,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306,85308,85310,85312,85315,85317],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85289,3976],{"class":55},[49,85291,60],{"class":59},[49,85293,3530],{"class":85},[49,85295,95],{"class":63},[49,85297,68208],{"class":67},[49,85299,95],{"class":63},[49,85301,341],{"class":85},[49,85303,64],{"class":63},[49,85305,36952],{"class":67},[49,85307,95],{"class":63},[49,85309,341],{"class":85},[49,85311,64],{"class":63},[49,85313,85314],{"class":67},"giraffe",[49,85316,95],{"class":63},[49,85318,1244],{"class":85},[49,85320,85321,85323,85325,85327,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337,85339],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85322,110],{"class":109},[49,85324,92],{"class":85},[49,85326,84536],{"class":109},[49,85328,92],{"class":85},[49,85330,4019],{"class":88},[49,85332,341],{"class":85},[49,85334,21489],{"class":9081},[49,85336,60],{"class":59},[49,85338,1631],{"class":109},[49,85340,1581],{"class":85},[20,85342,1974],{},[40,85344,85346],{"className":42,"code":85345,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cat\n",[15,85347,85348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85349,85350],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85351,85345],{"class":55},[353,85353,85355],{"id":85354},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[40,85357,85359],{"className":42,"code":85358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85360,85361,85371,85406,85438,85470,85474,85478,85517],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85362,85363,85366,85368],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85364,85365],{"class":55},"students ",[49,85367,60],{"class":59},[49,85369,85370],{"class":85}," [\n",[49,85372,85373,85376,85378,85380,85382,85384,85386,85388,85390,85392,85394,85397,85399,85401,85403],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85374,85375],{"class":85},"    {",[49,85377,95],{"class":63},[49,85379,7575],{"class":67},[49,85381,95],{"class":63},[49,85383,1197],{"class":85},[49,85385,64],{"class":63},[49,85387,12788],{"class":67},[49,85389,95],{"class":63},[49,85391,341],{"class":85},[49,85393,64],{"class":63},[49,85395,85396],{"class":67},"score",[49,85398,95],{"class":63},[49,85400,1197],{"class":85},[49,85402,13416],{"class":458},[49,85404,85405],{"class":85},"},\n",[49,85407,85408,85410,85412,85414,85416,85418,85420,85422,85424,85426,85428,85430,85432,85434,85436],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,85409,85375],{"class":85},[49,85411,95],{"class":63},[49,85413,7575],{"class":67},[49,85415,95],{"class":63},[49,85417,1197],{"class":85},[49,85419,64],{"class":63},[49,85421,35846],{"class":67},[49,85423,95],{"class":63},[49,85425,341],{"class":85},[49,85427,64],{"class":63},[49,85429,85396],{"class":67},[49,85431,95],{"class":63},[49,85433,1197],{"class":85},[49,85435,84997],{"class":458},[49,85437,85405],{"class":85},[49,85439,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,85441,85375],{"class":85},[49,85443,95],{"class":63},[49,85445,7575],{"class":67},[49,85447,95],{"class":63},[49,85449,1197],{"class":85},[49,85451,64],{"class":63},[49,85453,35855],{"class":67},[49,85455,95],{"class":63},[49,85457,341],{"class":85},[49,85459,64],{"class":63},[49,85461,85396],{"class":67},[49,85463,95],{"class":63},[49,85465,1197],{"class":85},[49,85467,19809],{"class":458},[49,85469,9215],{"class":85},[49,85471,85472],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,85473,1244],{"class":85},[49,85475,85476],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,85477,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,85479,85480,85483,85485,85488,85490,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85515],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,85481,85482],{"class":55},"lowest ",[49,85484,60],{"class":59},[49,85486,85487],{"class":109}," min",[49,85489,92],{"class":85},[49,85491,85492],{"class":88},"students",[49,85494,341],{"class":85},[49,85496,21489],{"class":9081},[49,85498,60],{"class":59},[49,85500,37564],{"class":1968},[49,85502,12814],{"class":37567},[49,85504,1197],{"class":85},[49,85506,12814],{"class":88},[49,85508,1256],{"class":85},[49,85510,95],{"class":63},[49,85512,85396],{"class":67},[49,85514,95],{"class":63},[49,85516,3794],{"class":85},[49,85518,85519,85521,85523,85526],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,85520,110],{"class":109},[49,85522,92],{"class":85},[49,85524,85525],{"class":88},"lowest",[49,85527,103],{"class":85},[20,85529,1974],{},[40,85531,85533],{"className":42,"code":85532,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85534,85535],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85536,85537,85539,85541,85543,85545,85547,85549,85551,85553,85555,85557,85559,85561,85563,85565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85538,9184],{"class":85},[49,85540,1573],{"class":63},[49,85542,7575],{"class":67},[49,85544,1573],{"class":63},[49,85546,1197],{"class":85},[49,85548,3202],{"class":63},[49,85550,35846],{"class":67},[49,85552,1573],{"class":63},[49,85554,341],{"class":85},[49,85556,3202],{"class":63},[49,85558,85396],{"class":67},[49,85560,1573],{"class":63},[49,85562,1197],{"class":85},[49,85564,84997],{"class":458},[49,85566,9215],{"class":85},[20,85568,85569,85570,85573],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85571,85572],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[181,85575,644,85577,85579],{"id":85576},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85578,82812],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85581,85582],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[40,85584,85586],{"className":42,"code":85585,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85587,85588,85596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85589,85590,85592,85594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85591,3525],{"class":55},[49,85593,60],{"class":59},[49,85595,7747],{"class":85},[49,85597,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85599,110],{"class":109},[49,85601,92],{"class":85},[49,85603,84536],{"class":109},[49,85605,92],{"class":85},[49,85607,3556],{"class":88},[49,85609,1581],{"class":85},[20,85611,1974],{},[40,85613,85615],{"className":42,"code":85614,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85616,85617],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85618,85619,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85620,1010],{"class":2804},[49,85622,1197],{"class":85},[49,85624,85487],{"class":109},[49,85626,7272],{"class":85},[49,85628,83782],{"class":55},[49,85630,12101],{"class":59},[49,85632,83787],{"class":55},[20,85634,85635,85636,1197],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85637,82812],{},[40,85639,85641],{"className":42,"code":85640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85642,85643,85651],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85644,85645,85647,85649],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85646,3525],{"class":55},[49,85648,60],{"class":59},[49,85650,7747],{"class":85},[49,85652,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667,85669,85671],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85654,110],{"class":109},[49,85656,92],{"class":85},[49,85658,84536],{"class":109},[49,85660,92],{"class":85},[49,85662,3556],{"class":88},[49,85664,341],{"class":85},[49,85666,26431],{"class":9081},[49,85668,60],{"class":59},[49,85670,3684],{"class":3757},[49,85672,1581],{"class":85},[20,85674,1974],{},[40,85676,85677],{"className":42,"code":11715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85678,85679],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85680,85681],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85682,11715],{"class":3757},[20,85684,85685],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85687,85688],{},"Remember:",[194,85690,85691,85699],{},[197,85692,85693,85695,85696,85698],{},[15,85694,82812],{}," works only when ",[15,85697,84111],{}," gets one iterable argument",[197,85700,85701,85702],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85703,85704],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85706,85707,85708,32],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[820,85709,65724],{"href":72758},[181,85711,10651],{"id":10650},[20,85713,56673,85714,32],{},[15,85715,84111],{},[353,85717,85719,85720],{"id":85718},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85721,82812],{},[20,85723,2906,85724,1197],{},[15,85725,1010],{},[40,85727,85729],{"className":42,"code":85728,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85730,85731,85739],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85732,85733,85735,85737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85734,7687],{"class":55},[49,85736,60],{"class":59},[49,85738,7747],{"class":85},[49,85740,85741,85743,85745,85747,85749,85751],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85742,110],{"class":109},[49,85744,92],{"class":85},[49,85746,84536],{"class":109},[49,85748,92],{"class":85},[49,85750,7718],{"class":88},[49,85752,1581],{"class":85},[20,85754,85755],{},"Fix it by:",[194,85757,85758,85761],{},[197,85759,85760],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[197,85762,85763,85764],{},"or using ",[15,85765,82812],{},[40,85767,85769],{"className":42,"code":85768,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85770,85771,85779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85772,85773,85775,85777],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85774,7687],{"class":55},[49,85776,60],{"class":59},[49,85778,7747],{"class":85},[49,85780,85781,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85802,85804],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85782,110],{"class":109},[49,85784,92],{"class":85},[49,85786,84536],{"class":109},[49,85788,92],{"class":85},[49,85790,7718],{"class":88},[49,85792,341],{"class":85},[49,85794,26431],{"class":9081},[49,85796,60],{"class":59},[49,85798,95],{"class":63},[49,85800,85801],{"class":67},"no items",[49,85803,95],{"class":63},[49,85805,1581],{"class":85},[353,85807,85809],{"id":85808},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85811,85812],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[40,85814,85816],{"className":42,"code":85815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85817,85818,85842],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85819,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830,85832,85834,85836,85838,85840],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85821,9071],{"class":55},[49,85823,60],{"class":59},[49,85825,3530],{"class":85},[49,85827,2233],{"class":458},[49,85829,341],{"class":85},[49,85831,64],{"class":63},[49,85833,15665],{"class":67},[49,85835,95],{"class":63},[49,85837,341],{"class":85},[49,85839,459],{"class":458},[49,85841,1244],{"class":85},[49,85843,85844,85846,85848,85850,85852,85854],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85845,110],{"class":109},[49,85847,92],{"class":85},[49,85849,84536],{"class":109},[49,85851,92],{"class":85},[49,85853,9110],{"class":88},[49,85855,1581],{"class":85},[20,85857,1974],{},[40,85859,85861],{"className":42,"code":85860,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError\n",[15,85862,85863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85864,85865],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85866,85860],{"class":2804},[20,85868,85869],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85871,85872,85873,32],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85874,84111],{},[40,85876,85878],{"className":42,"code":85877,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85879,85880,85904,85930],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85881,85882,85884,85886,85888,85890,85892,85894,85896,85898,85900,85902],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85883,9071],{"class":55},[49,85885,60],{"class":59},[49,85887,3530],{"class":85},[49,85889,2233],{"class":458},[49,85891,341],{"class":85},[49,85893,64],{"class":63},[49,85895,15665],{"class":67},[49,85897,95],{"class":63},[49,85899,341],{"class":85},[49,85901,459],{"class":458},[49,85903,1244],{"class":85},[49,85905,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914,85916,85918,85920,85922,85924,85926,85928],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,85907,3525],{"class":55},[49,85909,60],{"class":59},[49,85911,3530],{"class":85},[49,85913,2090],{"class":2804},[49,85915,92],{"class":85},[49,85917,283],{"class":88},[49,85919,118],{"class":85},[49,85921,3782],{"class":1210},[49,85923,3785],{"class":55},[49,85925,3788],{"class":1210},[49,85927,14476],{"class":55},[49,85929,1244],{"class":85},[49,85931,85932,85934,85936,85938,85940,85942],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,85933,110],{"class":109},[49,85935,92],{"class":85},[49,85937,84536],{"class":109},[49,85939,92],{"class":85},[49,85941,3556],{"class":88},[49,85943,1581],{"class":85},[20,85945,1974],{},[40,85947,85948],{"className":42,"code":2850,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,85949,85950],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85951,85952],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85953,2850],{"class":458},[20,85955,85956,85957,32],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85958,2909],{},[353,85960,85962],{"id":85961},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85964,85965],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[40,85967,85969],{"className":42,"code":85968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85970,85971,86003],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,85972,85973,85975,85977,85979,85981,85983,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,85974,3976],{"class":55},[49,85976,60],{"class":59},[49,85978,3530],{"class":85},[49,85980,95],{"class":63},[49,85982,79436],{"class":67},[49,85984,95],{"class":63},[49,85986,341],{"class":85},[49,85988,64],{"class":63},[49,85990,57664],{"class":67},[49,85992,95],{"class":63},[49,85994,341],{"class":85},[49,85996,64],{"class":63},[49,85998,79453],{"class":67},[49,86000,95],{"class":63},[49,86002,1244],{"class":85},[49,86004,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,86006,110],{"class":109},[49,86008,92],{"class":85},[49,86010,84536],{"class":109},[49,86012,92],{"class":85},[49,86014,4019],{"class":88},[49,86016,1581],{"class":85},[20,86018,1974],{},[40,86020,86021],{"className":42,"code":85232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,86022,86023],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86024,86025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86026,85232],{"class":55},[20,86028,86029],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[40,86031,86033],{"className":42,"code":86032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86034,86035,86067],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86036,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86053,86055,86057,86059,86061,86063,86065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86038,3976],{"class":55},[49,86040,60],{"class":59},[49,86042,3530],{"class":85},[49,86044,95],{"class":63},[49,86046,79436],{"class":67},[49,86048,95],{"class":63},[49,86050,341],{"class":85},[49,86052,64],{"class":63},[49,86054,57664],{"class":67},[49,86056,95],{"class":63},[49,86058,341],{"class":85},[49,86060,64],{"class":63},[49,86062,79453],{"class":67},[49,86064,95],{"class":63},[49,86066,1244],{"class":85},[49,86068,86069,86071,86073,86075,86077,86079,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,86070,110],{"class":109},[49,86072,92],{"class":85},[49,86074,84536],{"class":109},[49,86076,92],{"class":85},[49,86078,4019],{"class":88},[49,86080,341],{"class":85},[49,86082,21489],{"class":9081},[49,86084,60],{"class":59},[49,86086,3349],{"class":2804},[49,86088,32],{"class":85},[49,86090,960],{"class":24660},[49,86092,1581],{"class":85},[20,86094,1974],{},[40,86096,86097],{"className":42,"code":85232,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,86098,86099],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86100,86101],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86102,85232],{"class":55},[20,86104,86105],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[181,86107,4868,86109],{"id":86108},"when-to-use-min",[15,86110,84111],{},[20,86112,35,86113,10508],{},[15,86114,84111],{},[194,86116,86117,86120,86125],{},[197,86118,86119],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[197,86121,86122,86123],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86124,14751],{},[197,86126,86127],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86129,35,86130,86134],{},[820,86131,86132],{"href":74400},[15,86133,74303],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86136,35,86137,86142],{},[820,86138,86140],{"href":86139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86141,82457],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[181,86144,1308],{"id":1307},[20,86146,84116],{},[194,86148,86149,86157,86160,86165,86172],{},[197,86150,86151,86152,86154,86155],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86153,84111],{}," without using ",[15,86156,82812],{},[197,86158,86159],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[197,86161,1318,86162,86164],{},[15,86163,84111],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[197,86166,4610,86167,86169,86170,85273],{},[15,86168,14751],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86171,84111],{},[197,86173,644,86174,86176],{},[15,86175,82812],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86178,86179,86180,86182],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86181,84111],{},", these quick checks can help:",[40,86184,86186],{"className":42,"code":86185,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86187,86188,86202,86212,86226,86240,86262],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86189,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86191,110],{"class":109},[49,86193,92],{"class":85},[49,86195,3127],{"class":2804},[49,86197,92],{"class":85},[49,86199,9110],{"class":88},[49,86201,1581],{"class":85},[49,86203,86204,86206,86208,86210],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,86205,110],{"class":109},[49,86207,92],{"class":85},[49,86209,9110],{"class":88},[49,86211,103],{"class":85},[49,86213,86214,86216,86218,86220,86222,86224],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,86215,110],{"class":109},[49,86217,92],{"class":85},[49,86219,1631],{"class":109},[49,86221,92],{"class":85},[49,86223,9110],{"class":88},[49,86225,1581],{"class":85},[49,86227,86228,86230,86232,86234,86236,86238],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,86229,110],{"class":109},[49,86231,92],{"class":85},[49,86233,84536],{"class":109},[49,86235,92],{"class":85},[49,86237,9110],{"class":88},[49,86239,1581],{"class":85},[49,86241,86242,86244,86246,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,86243,110],{"class":109},[49,86245,92],{"class":85},[49,86247,84536],{"class":109},[49,86249,92],{"class":85},[49,86251,9110],{"class":88},[49,86253,341],{"class":85},[49,86255,26431],{"class":9081},[49,86257,60],{"class":59},[49,86259,3684],{"class":3757},[49,86261,1581],{"class":85},[49,86263,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,86265,110],{"class":109},[49,86267,92],{"class":85},[49,86269,84536],{"class":109},[49,86271,92],{"class":85},[49,86273,4019],{"class":88},[49,86275,341],{"class":85},[49,86277,21489],{"class":9081},[49,86279,60],{"class":59},[49,86281,1631],{"class":109},[49,86283,1581],{"class":85},[20,86285,86286,86287,86290,86291,86293],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86288,86289],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86292,9110],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[181,86295,1704],{"id":1703},[353,86297,5050,86299,5053],{"id":86298},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86300,84111],{},[20,86302,86303],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[353,86305,5077,86307,84292],{"id":86306},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86308,84111],{},[20,86310,86311],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[353,86313,71527],{"id":71526},[20,86315,86316,1007,86318,84304,86320,36526],{},[15,86317,84111],{},[15,86319,1010],{},[15,86321,82812],{},[353,86323,5050,86325,86327,86328,2394],{"id":86324},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86326,14751],{}," do in ",[15,86329,84111],{},[20,86331,86332,86334,86335,86337],{},[15,86333,14751],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86336,83365],{}," compares strings by length.",[353,86339,1740,86341,380,86343,2394],{"id":86340},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86342,84111],{},[15,86344,74303],{},[20,86346,86347,86349,86350,86352],{},[15,86348,84111],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86351,74303],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[181,86354,1775],{"id":1774},[194,86356,86357,86363,86369,86375,86379,86383],{},[197,86358,86359],{},[820,86360,86361,3415],{"href":86139},[15,86362,82457],{},[197,86364,86365],{},[820,86366,86367,3415],{"href":74400},[15,86368,74303],{},[197,86370,86371],{},[820,86372,86373,3415],{"href":42258},[15,86374,42261],{},[197,86376,86377],{},[820,86378,79749],{"href":78253},[197,86380,86381],{},[820,86382,58852],{"href":58851},[197,86384,86385],{},[820,86386,65724],{"href":72758},[1834,86388,86389],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":86391},[86392,86393,86395,86401,86403,86405,86410,86412,86418,86420,86421,86432],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":84595,"depth":74,"text":86394},"What min() does",{"id":84616,"depth":74,"text":84617,"children":86396},[86397,86398,86399,86400],{"id":84701,"depth":106,"text":84704},{"id":84763,"depth":106,"text":84766},{"id":84813,"depth":106,"text":84816},{"id":84907,"depth":106,"text":84910},{"id":84969,"depth":74,"text":86402},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85104,"depth":74,"text":86404},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85251,"depth":74,"text":86406,"children":86407},"Using min() with a key function",[86408,86409],{"id":85279,"depth":106,"text":85280},{"id":85354,"depth":106,"text":85355},{"id":85576,"depth":74,"text":86411},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10650,"depth":74,"text":10651,"children":86413},[86414,86416,86417],{"id":85718,"depth":106,"text":86415},"Empty list without default",{"id":85808,"depth":106,"text":85809},{"id":85961,"depth":106,"text":85962},{"id":86108,"depth":74,"text":86419},"When to use min()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":86422},[86423,86425,86427,86428,86430],{"id":86298,"depth":106,"text":86424},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86306,"depth":106,"text":86426},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71526,"depth":106,"text":71527},{"id":86324,"depth":106,"text":86429},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86340,"depth":106,"text":86431},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84478,"description":86433},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86440,"title":86441,"body":86442,"description":88621,"extension":1866,"meta":88622,"navigation":128,"path":88623,"seo":88624,"stem":88625,"__hash__":88626},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86443,"toc":88585},[86444,86447,86453,86459,86461,86542,86551,86555,86560,86562,86607,86609,86689,86695,86697,86700,86732,86734,86752,86754,86827,86829,86848,86852,86855,86891,86893,86960,87034,87107,87112,87116,87122,87125,87142,87145,87147,87208,87210,87230,87236,87240,87243,87313,87316,87335,87340,87416,87419,87423,87429,87433,87438,87508,87512,87517,87591,87595,87598,87673,87684,87688,87693,87783,87788,87856,87859,87878,87889,87893,87896,87901,87904,87966,87969,87980,87985,87988,87991,87996,87999,88002,88006,88009,88015,88018,88029,88031,88093,88108,88114,88117,88120,88131,88142,88148,88151,88153,88215,88225,88231,88236,88242,88246,88252,88255,88276,88278,88283,88310,88313,88340,88343,88382,88385,88423,88426,88487,88490,88492,88496,88499,88503,88509,88517,88525,88529,88532,88536,88542,88544,88582],[10,86445,86441],{"id":86446},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86448,86449,86452],{},[15,86450,86451],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86454,86455,86456,86458],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86457,86451],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[181,86460,1907],{"id":1906},[40,86462,86464],{"className":42,"code":86463,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86465,86466,86515,86531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86467,86468,86471,86474,86476,86478,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493,86496,86498,86500,86503,86505,86507,86509,86513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86469,86470],{"class":1210},"with",[49,86472,86473],{"class":109}," open",[49,86475,92],{"class":85},[49,86477,95],{"class":63},[49,86479,86480],{"class":67},"example.txt",[49,86482,95],{"class":63},[49,86484,341],{"class":85},[49,86486,64],{"class":63},[49,86488,60398],{"class":67},[49,86490,95],{"class":63},[49,86492,341],{"class":85},[49,86494,86495],{"class":9081}," encoding",[49,86497,60],{"class":59},[49,86499,95],{"class":63},[49,86501,86502],{"class":67},"utf-8",[49,86504,95],{"class":63},[49,86506,118],{"class":85},[49,86508,47257],{"class":1210},[49,86510,86512],{"class":86511},"sMMDD"," file",[49,86514,1226],{"class":85},[49,86516,86517,86520,86522,86524,86526,86529],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,86518,86519],{"class":55},"    content ",[49,86521,60],{"class":59},[49,86523,86512],{"class":86511},[49,86525,32],{"class":85},[49,86527,86528],{"class":88},"read",[49,86530,8548],{"class":85},[49,86532,86533,86535,86537,86540],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,86534,1273],{"class":109},[49,86536,92],{"class":85},[49,86538,86539],{"class":88},"content",[49,86541,103],{"class":85},[20,86543,35,86544,86546,86547,86550],{},[15,86545,86470],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86548,86549],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[181,86552,86554],{"id":86553},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86556,86557,86559],{},[15,86558,86451],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86561,11364],{},[194,86563,86564,86567,86572,86577],{},[197,86565,86566],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[197,86568,40808,86569,86571],{},[666,86570,4536],{}," read or write anything by itself",[197,86573,17331,86574],{},[666,86575,86576],{},"file object",[197,86578,86579,86580],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[194,86581,86582,86587,86592,86597,86602],{},[197,86583,86584],{},[15,86585,86586],{},"read()",[197,86588,86589],{},[15,86590,86591],{},"readline()",[197,86593,86594],{},[15,86595,86596],{},"readlines()",[197,86598,86599],{},[15,86600,86601],{},"write()",[197,86603,86604],{},[15,86605,86606],{},"close()",[20,86608,214],{},[40,86610,86612],{"className":42,"code":86611,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86613,86614,86653,86668,86678],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86615,86616,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633,86635,86637,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86617,86618],{"class":86511},"file",[49,86620,13185],{"class":59},[49,86622,86473],{"class":109},[49,86624,92],{"class":85},[49,86626,95],{"class":63},[49,86628,86480],{"class":67},[49,86630,95],{"class":63},[49,86632,341],{"class":85},[49,86634,64],{"class":63},[49,86636,60398],{"class":67},[49,86638,95],{"class":63},[49,86640,341],{"class":85},[49,86642,86495],{"class":9081},[49,86644,60],{"class":59},[49,86646,95],{"class":63},[49,86648,86502],{"class":67},[49,86650,95],{"class":63},[49,86652,103],{"class":85},[49,86654,86655,86658,86660,86662,86664,86666],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,86656,86657],{"class":55},"content ",[49,86659,60],{"class":59},[49,86661,86512],{"class":86511},[49,86663,32],{"class":85},[49,86665,86528],{"class":88},[49,86667,8548],{"class":85},[49,86669,86670,86672,86674,86676],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,86671,110],{"class":109},[49,86673,92],{"class":85},[49,86675,86539],{"class":88},[49,86677,103],{"class":85},[49,86679,86680,86682,86684,86687],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,86681,86618],{"class":86511},[49,86683,32],{"class":85},[49,86685,86686],{"class":88},"close",[49,86688,8548],{"class":85},[20,86690,86691,86692,86694],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86693,86470],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[181,86696,316],{"id":315},[20,86698,86699],{},"A common form is:",[40,86701,86703],{"className":42,"code":86702,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86704,86705],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86706,86707,86709,86711,86713,86715,86718,86720,86722,86724,86726,86728,86730],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86708,42327],{"class":109},[49,86710,92],{"class":85},[49,86712,86618],{"class":86511},[49,86714,341],{"class":85},[49,86716,86717],{"class":88}," mode",[49,86719,341],{"class":85},[49,86721,86495],{"class":9081},[49,86723,60],{"class":59},[49,86725,95],{"class":63},[49,86727,86502],{"class":67},[49,86729,95],{"class":63},[49,86731,103],{"class":85},[20,86733,64932],{},[194,86735,86736,86741,86746],{},[197,86737,86738,86740],{},[15,86739,86618],{}," is the file name or file path",[197,86742,86743,86745],{},[15,86744,20828],{}," controls how the file is opened",[197,86747,86748,86751],{},[15,86749,86750],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86753,214],{},[40,86755,86757],{"className":42,"code":86756,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86758,86759,86802,86817],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86760,86761,86763,86765,86767,86769,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792,86794,86796,86798,86800],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86762,86470],{"class":1210},[49,86764,86473],{"class":109},[49,86766,92],{"class":85},[49,86768,95],{"class":63},[49,86770,86771],{"class":67},"notes.txt",[49,86773,95],{"class":63},[49,86775,341],{"class":85},[49,86777,64],{"class":63},[49,86779,60398],{"class":67},[49,86781,95],{"class":63},[49,86783,341],{"class":85},[49,86785,86495],{"class":9081},[49,86787,60],{"class":59},[49,86789,95],{"class":63},[49,86791,86502],{"class":67},[49,86793,95],{"class":63},[49,86795,118],{"class":85},[49,86797,47257],{"class":1210},[49,86799,86512],{"class":86511},[49,86801,1226],{"class":85},[49,86803,86804,86807,86809,86811,86813,86815],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,86805,86806],{"class":55},"    text ",[49,86808,60],{"class":59},[49,86810,86512],{"class":86511},[49,86812,32],{"class":85},[49,86814,86528],{"class":88},[49,86816,8548],{"class":85},[49,86818,86819,86821,86823,86825],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,86820,1273],{"class":109},[49,86822,92],{"class":85},[49,86824,245],{"class":88},[49,86826,103],{"class":85},[20,86828,19868],{},[194,86830,86831,86837,86842],{},[197,86832,86833,86836],{},[15,86834,86835],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[197,86838,86839,86841],{},[15,86840,86549],{}," means open for reading",[197,86843,86844,86847],{},[15,86845,86846],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[181,86849,86851],{"id":86850},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86853,86854],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[194,86856,86857,86862,86868,86873,86879,86885],{},[197,86858,86859,86861],{},[15,86860,86549],{}," = read a text file",[197,86863,86864,86867],{},[15,86865,86866],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[197,86869,86870,86872],{},[15,86871,18006],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[197,86874,86875,86878],{},[15,86876,86877],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[197,86880,86881,86884],{},[15,86882,86883],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[197,86886,86887,86890],{},[15,86888,86889],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86892,2029],{},[40,86894,86896],{"className":42,"code":86895,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86897,86898,86903,86946],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86899,86900],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86901,86902],{"class":121},"# Read a text file\n",[49,86904,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86916,86918,86920,86922,86924,86926,86928,86930,86932,86934,86936,86938,86940,86942,86944],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,86906,86470],{"class":1210},[49,86908,86473],{"class":109},[49,86910,92],{"class":85},[49,86912,95],{"class":63},[49,86914,86915],{"class":67},"data.txt",[49,86917,95],{"class":63},[49,86919,341],{"class":85},[49,86921,64],{"class":63},[49,86923,60398],{"class":67},[49,86925,95],{"class":63},[49,86927,341],{"class":85},[49,86929,86495],{"class":9081},[49,86931,60],{"class":59},[49,86933,95],{"class":63},[49,86935,86502],{"class":67},[49,86937,95],{"class":63},[49,86939,118],{"class":85},[49,86941,47257],{"class":1210},[49,86943,86512],{"class":86511},[49,86945,1226],{"class":85},[49,86947,86948,86950,86952,86954,86956,86958],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,86949,1273],{"class":109},[49,86951,92],{"class":85},[49,86953,86618],{"class":86511},[49,86955,32],{"class":85},[49,86957,86528],{"class":88},[49,86959,7100],{"class":85},[40,86961,86963],{"className":42,"code":86962,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86964,86965,86970,87012],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,86966,86967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,86968,86969],{"class":121},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[49,86971,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982,86984,86986,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,86973,86470],{"class":1210},[49,86975,86473],{"class":109},[49,86977,92],{"class":85},[49,86979,95],{"class":63},[49,86981,86915],{"class":67},[49,86983,95],{"class":63},[49,86985,341],{"class":85},[49,86987,64],{"class":63},[49,86989,60381],{"class":67},[49,86991,95],{"class":63},[49,86993,341],{"class":85},[49,86995,86495],{"class":9081},[49,86997,60],{"class":59},[49,86999,95],{"class":63},[49,87001,86502],{"class":67},[49,87003,95],{"class":63},[49,87005,118],{"class":85},[49,87007,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87009,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87011,1226],{"class":85},[49,87013,87014,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87030,87032],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,87015,87016],{"class":86511},"    file",[49,87018,32],{"class":85},[49,87020,70076],{"class":88},[49,87022,92],{"class":85},[49,87024,95],{"class":63},[49,87026,891],{"class":67},[49,87028,87029],{"class":34361},"\\n",[49,87031,95],{"class":63},[49,87033,103],{"class":85},[40,87035,87037],{"className":42,"code":87036,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87038,87039,87044,87086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87040,87041],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87042,87043],{"class":121},"# Append to a text file\n",[49,87045,87046,87048,87050,87052,87054,87056,87058,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87047,86470],{"class":1210},[49,87049,86473],{"class":109},[49,87051,92],{"class":85},[49,87053,95],{"class":63},[49,87055,86915],{"class":67},[49,87057,95],{"class":63},[49,87059,341],{"class":85},[49,87061,64],{"class":63},[49,87063,820],{"class":67},[49,87065,95],{"class":63},[49,87067,341],{"class":85},[49,87069,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87071,60],{"class":59},[49,87073,95],{"class":63},[49,87075,86502],{"class":67},[49,87077,95],{"class":63},[49,87079,118],{"class":85},[49,87081,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87083,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87085,1226],{"class":85},[49,87087,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87101,87103,87105],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,87089,87016],{"class":86511},[49,87091,32],{"class":85},[49,87093,70076],{"class":88},[49,87095,92],{"class":85},[49,87097,95],{"class":63},[49,87099,87100],{"class":67},"Another line",[49,87102,87029],{"class":34361},[49,87104,95],{"class":63},[49,87106,103],{"class":85},[20,87108,69229,87109,87111],{},[15,87110,86866],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[181,87113,87115],{"id":87114},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87117,87118,21885,87120,32],{},[15,87119,86451],{},[666,87121,86576],{},[20,87123,87124],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[194,87126,87127,87132,87137],{},[197,87128,87129],{},[15,87130,87131],{},"file.read()",[197,87133,87134],{},[15,87135,87136],{},"file.write()",[197,87138,87139],{},[15,87140,87141],{},"file.close()",[20,87143,87144],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87146,214],{},[40,87148,87150],{"className":42,"code":87149,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87151,87152,87194],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87153,87154,87156,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87155,86470],{"class":1210},[49,87157,86473],{"class":109},[49,87159,92],{"class":85},[49,87161,95],{"class":63},[49,87163,86480],{"class":67},[49,87165,95],{"class":63},[49,87167,341],{"class":85},[49,87169,64],{"class":63},[49,87171,60398],{"class":67},[49,87173,95],{"class":63},[49,87175,341],{"class":85},[49,87177,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87179,60],{"class":59},[49,87181,95],{"class":63},[49,87183,86502],{"class":67},[49,87185,95],{"class":63},[49,87187,118],{"class":85},[49,87189,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87191,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87193,1226],{"class":85},[49,87195,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87197,1273],{"class":109},[49,87199,92],{"class":85},[49,87201,3127],{"class":2804},[49,87203,92],{"class":85},[49,87205,86618],{"class":86511},[49,87207,1581],{"class":85},[20,87209,29935],{},[40,87211,87213],{"className":42,"code":87212,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87214,87215],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87216,87217,87219,87221,87223,87226,87228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87218,3196],{"class":59},[49,87220,3199],{"class":1968},[49,87222,3202],{"class":63},[49,87224,87225],{"class":67},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[49,87227,1573],{"class":63},[49,87229,3209],{"class":59},[20,87231,87232,87233,87235],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87234,86451],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[181,87237,87239],{"id":87238},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87241,87242],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[40,87244,87245],{"className":42,"code":86463,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,87246,87247,87289,87303],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87248,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87250,86470],{"class":1210},[49,87252,86473],{"class":109},[49,87254,92],{"class":85},[49,87256,95],{"class":63},[49,87258,86480],{"class":67},[49,87260,95],{"class":63},[49,87262,341],{"class":85},[49,87264,64],{"class":63},[49,87266,60398],{"class":67},[49,87268,95],{"class":63},[49,87270,341],{"class":85},[49,87272,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87274,60],{"class":59},[49,87276,95],{"class":63},[49,87278,86502],{"class":67},[49,87280,95],{"class":63},[49,87282,118],{"class":85},[49,87284,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87286,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87288,1226],{"class":85},[49,87290,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87292,86519],{"class":55},[49,87294,60],{"class":59},[49,87296,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87298,32],{"class":85},[49,87300,86528],{"class":88},[49,87302,8548],{"class":85},[49,87304,87305,87307,87309,87311],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,87306,1273],{"class":109},[49,87308,92],{"class":85},[49,87310,86539],{"class":88},[49,87312,103],{"class":85},[20,87314,87315],{},"Why this is recommended:",[194,87317,87318,87323,87329,87332],{},[197,87319,87320,87322],{},[15,87321,86470],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[197,87324,87325,87326,87328],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87327,86606],{}," yourself",[197,87330,87331],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[197,87333,87334],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87336,83628,87337,87339],{},[15,87338,86470],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[40,87341,87342],{"className":42,"code":86611,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,87343,87344,87382,87396,87406],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87345,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87347,86618],{"class":86511},[49,87349,13185],{"class":59},[49,87351,86473],{"class":109},[49,87353,92],{"class":85},[49,87355,95],{"class":63},[49,87357,86480],{"class":67},[49,87359,95],{"class":63},[49,87361,341],{"class":85},[49,87363,64],{"class":63},[49,87365,60398],{"class":67},[49,87367,95],{"class":63},[49,87369,341],{"class":85},[49,87371,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87373,60],{"class":59},[49,87375,95],{"class":63},[49,87377,86502],{"class":67},[49,87379,95],{"class":63},[49,87381,103],{"class":85},[49,87383,87384,87386,87388,87390,87392,87394],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87385,86657],{"class":55},[49,87387,60],{"class":59},[49,87389,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87391,32],{"class":85},[49,87393,86528],{"class":88},[49,87395,8548],{"class":85},[49,87397,87398,87400,87402,87404],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,87399,110],{"class":109},[49,87401,92],{"class":85},[49,87403,86539],{"class":88},[49,87405,103],{"class":85},[49,87407,87408,87410,87412,87414],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,87409,86618],{"class":86511},[49,87411,32],{"class":85},[49,87413,86686],{"class":88},[49,87415,8548],{"class":85},[20,87417,87418],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[181,87420,87422],{"id":87421},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87424,87425,87426,87428],{},"Use mode ",[15,87427,86549],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[353,87430,87432],{"id":87431},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87434,87435,87437],{},[15,87436,86586],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[40,87439,87440],{"className":42,"code":86463,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,87441,87442,87484,87498],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87443,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87445,86470],{"class":1210},[49,87447,86473],{"class":109},[49,87449,92],{"class":85},[49,87451,95],{"class":63},[49,87453,86480],{"class":67},[49,87455,95],{"class":63},[49,87457,341],{"class":85},[49,87459,64],{"class":63},[49,87461,60398],{"class":67},[49,87463,95],{"class":63},[49,87465,341],{"class":85},[49,87467,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87469,60],{"class":59},[49,87471,95],{"class":63},[49,87473,86502],{"class":67},[49,87475,95],{"class":63},[49,87477,118],{"class":85},[49,87479,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87481,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87483,1226],{"class":85},[49,87485,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87487,86519],{"class":55},[49,87489,60],{"class":59},[49,87491,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87493,32],{"class":85},[49,87495,86528],{"class":88},[49,87497,8548],{"class":85},[49,87499,87500,87502,87504,87506],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,87501,1273],{"class":109},[49,87503,92],{"class":85},[49,87505,86539],{"class":88},[49,87507,103],{"class":85},[353,87509,87511],{"id":87510},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87513,87514,87516],{},[15,87515,86591],{}," reads one line at a time.",[40,87518,87520],{"className":42,"code":87519,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87521,87522,87564,87580],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87523,87524,87526,87528,87530,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87525,86470],{"class":1210},[49,87527,86473],{"class":109},[49,87529,92],{"class":85},[49,87531,95],{"class":63},[49,87533,86480],{"class":67},[49,87535,95],{"class":63},[49,87537,341],{"class":85},[49,87539,64],{"class":63},[49,87541,60398],{"class":67},[49,87543,95],{"class":63},[49,87545,341],{"class":85},[49,87547,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87549,60],{"class":59},[49,87551,95],{"class":63},[49,87553,86502],{"class":67},[49,87555,95],{"class":63},[49,87557,118],{"class":85},[49,87559,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87561,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87563,1226],{"class":85},[49,87565,87566,87569,87571,87573,87575,87578],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87567,87568],{"class":55},"    first_line ",[49,87570,60],{"class":59},[49,87572,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87574,32],{"class":85},[49,87576,87577],{"class":88},"readline",[49,87579,8548],{"class":85},[49,87581,87582,87584,87586,87589],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,87583,1273],{"class":109},[49,87585,92],{"class":85},[49,87587,87588],{"class":88},"first_line",[49,87590,103],{"class":85},[353,87592,87594],{"id":87593},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87596,87597],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[40,87599,87601],{"className":42,"code":87600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87602,87603,87645,87659],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87604,87605,87607,87609,87611,87613,87615,87617,87619,87621,87623,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87635,87637,87639,87641,87643],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87606,86470],{"class":1210},[49,87608,86473],{"class":109},[49,87610,92],{"class":85},[49,87612,95],{"class":63},[49,87614,86480],{"class":67},[49,87616,95],{"class":63},[49,87618,341],{"class":85},[49,87620,64],{"class":63},[49,87622,60398],{"class":67},[49,87624,95],{"class":63},[49,87626,341],{"class":85},[49,87628,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87630,60],{"class":59},[49,87632,95],{"class":63},[49,87634,86502],{"class":67},[49,87636,95],{"class":63},[49,87638,118],{"class":85},[49,87640,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87642,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87644,1226],{"class":85},[49,87646,87647,87650,87653,87655,87657],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87648,87649],{"class":1210},"    for",[49,87651,87652],{"class":55}," line ",[49,87654,3788],{"class":1210},[49,87656,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87658,1226],{"class":85},[49,87660,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,87662,47237],{"class":109},[49,87664,92],{"class":85},[49,87666,51],{"class":88},[49,87668,32],{"class":85},[49,87670,8541],{"class":88},[49,87672,7100],{"class":85},[20,87674,87675,87676,634,87680,32],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[820,87677,87679],{"href":87678},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[820,87681,87683],{"href":87682},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[181,87685,87687],{"id":87686},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87689,35,87690,87692],{},[15,87691,86866],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[40,87694,87696],{"className":42,"code":87695,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87697,87698,87741,87762],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87699,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87711,87713,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87701,86470],{"class":1210},[49,87703,86473],{"class":109},[49,87705,92],{"class":85},[49,87707,95],{"class":63},[49,87709,87710],{"class":67},"output.txt",[49,87712,95],{"class":63},[49,87714,341],{"class":85},[49,87716,64],{"class":63},[49,87718,60381],{"class":67},[49,87720,95],{"class":63},[49,87722,341],{"class":85},[49,87724,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87726,60],{"class":59},[49,87728,95],{"class":63},[49,87730,86502],{"class":67},[49,87732,95],{"class":63},[49,87734,118],{"class":85},[49,87736,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87738,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87740,1226],{"class":85},[49,87742,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87756,87758,87760],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87744,87016],{"class":86511},[49,87746,32],{"class":85},[49,87748,70076],{"class":88},[49,87750,92],{"class":85},[49,87752,95],{"class":63},[49,87754,87755],{"class":67},"First line",[49,87757,87029],{"class":34361},[49,87759,95],{"class":63},[49,87761,103],{"class":85},[49,87763,87764,87766,87768,87770,87772,87774,87777,87779,87781],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,87765,87016],{"class":86511},[49,87767,32],{"class":85},[49,87769,70076],{"class":88},[49,87771,92],{"class":85},[49,87773,95],{"class":63},[49,87775,87776],{"class":67},"Second line",[49,87778,87029],{"class":34361},[49,87780,95],{"class":63},[49,87782,103],{"class":85},[20,87784,35,87785,87787],{},[15,87786,18006],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[40,87789,87791],{"className":42,"code":87790,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87792,87793,87835],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87794,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805,87807,87809,87811,87813,87815,87817,87819,87821,87823,87825,87827,87829,87831,87833],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87796,86470],{"class":1210},[49,87798,86473],{"class":109},[49,87800,92],{"class":85},[49,87802,95],{"class":63},[49,87804,87710],{"class":67},[49,87806,95],{"class":63},[49,87808,341],{"class":85},[49,87810,64],{"class":63},[49,87812,820],{"class":67},[49,87814,95],{"class":63},[49,87816,341],{"class":85},[49,87818,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87820,60],{"class":59},[49,87822,95],{"class":63},[49,87824,86502],{"class":67},[49,87826,95],{"class":63},[49,87828,118],{"class":85},[49,87830,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87832,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87834,1226],{"class":85},[49,87836,87837,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847,87850,87852,87854],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87838,87016],{"class":86511},[49,87840,32],{"class":85},[49,87842,70076],{"class":88},[49,87844,92],{"class":85},[49,87846,95],{"class":63},[49,87848,87849],{"class":67},"Third line",[49,87851,87029],{"class":34361},[49,87853,95],{"class":63},[49,87855,103],{"class":85},[20,87857,87858],{},"Important detail:",[194,87860,87861,87866,87873],{},[197,87862,87863,87865],{},[15,87864,86601],{}," writes a string",[197,87867,87868,13963,87870,87872],{},[15,87869,86601],{},[666,87871,4536],{}," add a newline for you",[197,87874,87875,87876,87328],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87877,87029],{},[20,87879,87880,87881,634,87885,32],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[820,87882,87884],{"href":87883},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[820,87886,87888],{"href":87887},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[181,87890,87892],{"id":87891},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87894,87895],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[353,87897,87899],{"id":87898},"encodingutf-8",[15,87900,86846],{},[20,87902,87903],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[40,87905,87907],{"className":42,"code":87906,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87908,87909,87952],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,87910,87911,87913,87915,87917,87919,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,87912,86470],{"class":1210},[49,87914,86473],{"class":109},[49,87916,92],{"class":85},[49,87918,95],{"class":63},[49,87920,87921],{"class":67},"message.txt",[49,87923,95],{"class":63},[49,87925,341],{"class":85},[49,87927,64],{"class":63},[49,87929,60398],{"class":67},[49,87931,95],{"class":63},[49,87933,341],{"class":85},[49,87935,86495],{"class":9081},[49,87937,60],{"class":59},[49,87939,95],{"class":63},[49,87941,86502],{"class":67},[49,87943,95],{"class":63},[49,87945,118],{"class":85},[49,87947,47257],{"class":1210},[49,87949,86512],{"class":86511},[49,87951,1226],{"class":85},[49,87953,87954,87956,87958,87960,87962,87964],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,87955,1273],{"class":109},[49,87957,92],{"class":85},[49,87959,86618],{"class":86511},[49,87961,32],{"class":85},[49,87963,86528],{"class":88},[49,87965,7100],{"class":85},[20,87967,87968],{},"Why it matters:",[194,87970,87971,87974,87977],{},[197,87972,87973],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[197,87975,87976],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[197,87978,87979],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[353,87981,87983],{"id":87982},"newline",[15,87984,87982],{},[20,87986,87987],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87989,87990],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[353,87992,87994],{"id":87993},"buffering",[15,87995,87993],{},[20,87997,87998],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88000,88001],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[181,88003,88005],{"id":88004},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88007,88008],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[353,88010,88012],{"id":88011},"filenotfounderror",[15,88013,88014],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88016,88017],{},"This happens when:",[194,88019,88020,88023,88026],{},[197,88021,88022],{},"the file does not exist",[197,88024,88025],{},"the path is wrong",[197,88027,88028],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88030,214],{},[40,88032,88034],{"className":42,"code":88033,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88035,88036,88079],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88037,88038,88040,88042,88044,88046,88049,88051,88053,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88039,86470],{"class":1210},[49,88041,86473],{"class":109},[49,88043,92],{"class":85},[49,88045,95],{"class":63},[49,88047,88048],{"class":67},"missing.txt",[49,88050,95],{"class":63},[49,88052,341],{"class":85},[49,88054,64],{"class":63},[49,88056,60398],{"class":67},[49,88058,95],{"class":63},[49,88060,341],{"class":85},[49,88062,86495],{"class":9081},[49,88064,60],{"class":59},[49,88066,95],{"class":63},[49,88068,86502],{"class":67},[49,88070,95],{"class":63},[49,88072,118],{"class":85},[49,88074,47257],{"class":1210},[49,88076,86512],{"class":86511},[49,88078,1226],{"class":85},[49,88080,88081,88083,88085,88087,88089,88091],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88082,1273],{"class":109},[49,88084,92],{"class":85},[49,88086,86618],{"class":86511},[49,88088,32],{"class":85},[49,88090,86528],{"class":88},[49,88092,7100],{"class":85},[20,88094,88095,88096,380,88104,32],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[820,88097,88099,88100,88103],{"href":88098},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[49,88101,88102],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[820,88105,88107],{"href":88106},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[353,88109,88111],{"id":88110},"permissionerror",[15,88112,88113],{},"PermissionError",[20,88115,88116],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88118,88119],{},"Example causes:",[194,88121,88122,88125,88128],{},[197,88123,88124],{},"the file is protected",[197,88126,88127],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[197,88129,88130],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88132,88133,88134],{},"Related page: ",[820,88135,88137,88138,88141],{"href":88136},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[49,88139,88140],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[353,88143,88145],{"id":88144},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88146,88147],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88149,88150],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88152,214],{},[40,88154,88156],{"className":42,"code":88155,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88157,88158,88201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88159,88160,88162,88164,88166,88168,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88161,86470],{"class":1210},[49,88163,86473],{"class":109},[49,88165,92],{"class":85},[49,88167,95],{"class":63},[49,88169,88170],{"class":67},"my_folder",[49,88172,95],{"class":63},[49,88174,341],{"class":85},[49,88176,64],{"class":63},[49,88178,60398],{"class":67},[49,88180,95],{"class":63},[49,88182,341],{"class":85},[49,88184,86495],{"class":9081},[49,88186,60],{"class":59},[49,88188,95],{"class":63},[49,88190,86502],{"class":67},[49,88192,95],{"class":63},[49,88194,118],{"class":85},[49,88196,47257],{"class":1210},[49,88198,86512],{"class":86511},[49,88200,1226],{"class":85},[49,88202,88203,88205,88207,88209,88211,88213],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88204,1273],{"class":109},[49,88206,92],{"class":85},[49,88208,86618],{"class":86511},[49,88210,32],{"class":85},[49,88212,86528],{"class":88},[49,88214,7100],{"class":85},[20,88216,88133,88217],{},[820,88218,88220,88221,88224],{"href":88219},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[49,88222,88223],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[353,88226,88228],{"id":88227},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88229,88230],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88232,88233,88234,32],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88235,86451],{},[20,88237,88133,88238],{},[820,88239,88241],{"href":88240},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[181,88243,88245],{"id":88244},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88247,88248,88249,88251],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88250,86451],{}," function.",[20,88253,88254],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[194,88256,88257,88260,88263,88269],{},[197,88258,88259],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[197,88261,88262],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[197,88264,88265,88266,88268],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88267,86451],{}," itself",[197,88270,88271,88272],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[820,88273,88275],{"href":88274},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[181,88277,1308],{"id":1307},[20,88279,88280,88281,1197],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88282,86451],{},[194,88284,88285,88290,88296,88301,88304,88307],{},[197,88286,644,88287,88289],{},[15,88288,86549],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[197,88291,88292,88293,88295],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88294,86750],{}," for text files",[197,88297,644,88298,88300],{},[15,88299,86866],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[197,88302,88303],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[197,88305,88306],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[197,88308,88309],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88311,88312],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[40,88314,88316],{"className":42,"code":88315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88317,88318,88325],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88319,88320,88322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88321,34997],{"class":1210},[49,88323,88324],{"class":55}," os\n",[49,88326,88327,88329,88331,88333,88335,88338],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88328,110],{"class":109},[49,88330,92],{"class":85},[49,88332,42526],{"class":88},[49,88334,32],{"class":85},[49,88336,88337],{"class":88},"getcwd",[49,88339,7100],{"class":85},[20,88341,88342],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[40,88344,88346],{"className":42,"code":88345,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88347,88348,88354],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88349,88350,88352],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88351,34997],{"class":1210},[49,88353,88324],{"class":55},[49,88355,88356,88358,88360,88362,88364,88367,88369,88372,88374,88376,88378,88380],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88357,110],{"class":109},[49,88359,92],{"class":85},[49,88361,42526],{"class":88},[49,88363,32],{"class":85},[49,88365,88366],{"class":24660},"path",[49,88368,32],{"class":85},[49,88370,88371],{"class":88},"exists",[49,88373,92],{"class":85},[49,88375,95],{"class":63},[49,88377,86480],{"class":67},[49,88379,95],{"class":63},[49,88381,1581],{"class":85},[20,88383,88384],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[40,88386,88388],{"className":42,"code":88387,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88389,88390,88396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88391,88392,88394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88393,34997],{"class":1210},[49,88395,88324],{"class":55},[49,88397,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408,88410,88413,88415,88417,88419,88421],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88399,110],{"class":109},[49,88401,92],{"class":85},[49,88403,42526],{"class":88},[49,88405,32],{"class":85},[49,88407,88366],{"class":24660},[49,88409,32],{"class":85},[49,88411,88412],{"class":88},"isfile",[49,88414,92],{"class":85},[49,88416,95],{"class":63},[49,88418,86480],{"class":67},[49,88420,95],{"class":63},[49,88422,1581],{"class":85},[20,88424,88425],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[40,88427,88429],{"className":42,"code":88428,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88430,88431,88473],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88432,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455,88457,88459,88461,88463,88465,88467,88469,88471],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88434,86470],{"class":1210},[49,88436,86473],{"class":109},[49,88438,92],{"class":85},[49,88440,95],{"class":63},[49,88442,86480],{"class":67},[49,88444,95],{"class":63},[49,88446,341],{"class":85},[49,88448,64],{"class":63},[49,88450,60398],{"class":67},[49,88452,95],{"class":63},[49,88454,341],{"class":85},[49,88456,86495],{"class":9081},[49,88458,60],{"class":59},[49,88460,95],{"class":63},[49,88462,86502],{"class":67},[49,88464,95],{"class":63},[49,88466,118],{"class":85},[49,88468,47257],{"class":1210},[49,88470,86512],{"class":86511},[49,88472,1226],{"class":85},[49,88474,88475,88477,88479,88481,88483,88485],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88476,1273],{"class":109},[49,88478,92],{"class":85},[49,88480,86618],{"class":86511},[49,88482,32],{"class":85},[49,88484,86528],{"class":88},[49,88486,7100],{"class":85},[20,88488,88489],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[181,88491,1704],{"id":1703},[353,88493,88495],{"id":88494},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88497,88498],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[353,88500,88502],{"id":88501},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88504,88505,88506,88508],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88507,86470],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[353,88510,1740,88512,380,88514,88516],{"id":88511},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88513,86866],{},[15,88515,18006],{}," mode?",[20,88518,88519,88521,88522,88524],{},[15,88520,86866],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88523,18006],{}," adds new content to the end.",[353,88526,88528],{"id":88527},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88530,88531],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[353,88533,88535],{"id":88534},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88537,88538,88539,88541],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88540,86846],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[181,88543,1775],{"id":1774},[194,88545,88546,88550,88554,88558,88562,88566,88570,88576],{},[197,88547,88548],{},[820,88549,87679],{"href":87678},[197,88551,88552],{},[820,88553,87884],{"href":87883},[197,88555,88556],{},[820,88557,87888],{"href":87887},[197,88559,88560],{},[820,88561,87683],{"href":87682},[197,88563,88564],{},[820,88565,88275],{"href":88274},[197,88567,88568],{},[820,88569,88107],{"href":88106},[197,88571,88572],{},[820,88573,88099,88574,88103],{"href":88098},[49,88575,88102],{},[197,88577,88578],{},[820,88579,88137,88580,88141],{"href":88136},[49,88581,88140],{},[1834,88583,88584],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":88586},[88587,88588,88589,88590,88591,88592,88593,88598,88599,88604,88610,88611,88612,88620],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":86553,"depth":74,"text":86554},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":86850,"depth":74,"text":86851},{"id":87114,"depth":74,"text":87115},{"id":87238,"depth":74,"text":87239},{"id":87421,"depth":74,"text":87422,"children":88594},[88595,88596,88597],{"id":87431,"depth":106,"text":87432},{"id":87510,"depth":106,"text":87511},{"id":87593,"depth":106,"text":87594},{"id":87686,"depth":74,"text":87687},{"id":87891,"depth":74,"text":87892,"children":88600},[88601,88602,88603],{"id":87898,"depth":106,"text":86846},{"id":87982,"depth":106,"text":87982},{"id":87993,"depth":106,"text":87993},{"id":88004,"depth":74,"text":88005,"children":88605},[88606,88607,88608,88609],{"id":88011,"depth":106,"text":88014},{"id":88110,"depth":106,"text":88113},{"id":88144,"depth":106,"text":88147},{"id":88227,"depth":106,"text":88230},{"id":88244,"depth":74,"text":88245},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":88613},[88614,88615,88616,88618,88619],{"id":88494,"depth":106,"text":88495},{"id":88501,"depth":106,"text":88502},{"id":88511,"depth":106,"text":88617},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88527,"depth":106,"text":88528},{"id":88534,"depth":106,"text":88535},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86441,"description":88621},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88628,"title":88629,"body":88630,"description":90623,"extension":1866,"meta":90624,"navigation":128,"path":90625,"seo":90626,"stem":90627,"__hash__":90628},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88631,"toc":90570},[88632,88637,88642,88648,88650,88718,88720,88739,88744,88749,88754,88757,88769,88771,88814,88816,88834,88845,88847,88849,88874,88876,88887,88889,88949,88951,88977,88980,88984,88989,88993,88996,89030,89034,89037,89062,89066,89089,89093,89126,89131,89135,89140,89143,89211,89213,89237,89242,89245,89276,89278,89310,89327,89331,89336,89360,89367,89372,89377,89380,89384,89419,89421,89430,89434,89525,89527,89558,89563,89570,89575,89584,89587,89621,89623,89637,89641,89682,89684,89693,89697,89745,89747,89761,89766,89777,89784,89789,89791,89826,89828,89842,89845,89867,89873,89902,89913,89919,89925,89939,89941,90020,90022,90072,90079,90081,90086,90090,90093,90108,90113,90115,90134,90140,90143,90158,90160,90178,90184,90189,90219,90222,90245,90248,90275,90282,90288,90295,90318,90323,90331,90333,90353,90357,90363,90413,90416,90438,90440,90446,90454,90460,90466,90474,90479,90483,90486,90509,90514,90521,90533,90535,90567],[10,88633,3482,88635,3486],{"id":88634},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88636,46351],{},[20,88638,32224,88639,88641],{},[15,88640,46351],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88643,88644,88645,88647],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88646,46351],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[181,88649,1907],{"id":1906},[40,88651,88653],{"className":42,"code":88652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88654,88655,88667,88676,88680,88690,88700],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88656,88657,88659,88661,88663,88665],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88658,7785],{"class":55},[49,88660,60],{"class":59},[49,88662,64],{"class":63},[49,88664,7830],{"class":67},[49,88666,71],{"class":63},[49,88668,88669,88671,88673],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88670,21538],{"class":55},[49,88672,60],{"class":59},[49,88674,88675],{"class":458}," 12\n",[49,88677,88678],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,88679,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,88681,88682,88684,88686,88688],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,88683,110],{"class":109},[49,88685,92],{"class":85},[49,88687,7575],{"class":88},[49,88689,103],{"class":85},[49,88691,88692,88694,88696,88698],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,88693,110],{"class":109},[49,88695,92],{"class":85},[49,88697,9205],{"class":88},[49,88699,103],{"class":85},[49,88701,88702,88704,88706,88708,88710,88712,88714,88716],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,88703,110],{"class":109},[49,88705,92],{"class":85},[49,88707,95],{"class":63},[49,88709,891],{"class":67},[49,88711,95],{"class":63},[49,88713,341],{"class":85},[49,88715,35897],{"class":88},[49,88717,103],{"class":85},[20,88719,1974],{},[40,88721,88723],{"className":42,"code":88722,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88724,88725,88730,88734],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88726,88727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88728,88729],{"class":55},"Mia\n",[49,88731,88732],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88733,2126],{"class":458},[49,88735,88736],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,88737,88738],{"class":55},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88740,35,88741,88743],{},[15,88742,46351],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[181,88745,184,88747,187],{"id":88746},"what-print-does",[15,88748,46351],{},[20,88750,88751,88753],{},[15,88752,46351],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88755,88756],{},"You can use it to display:",[194,88758,88759,88761,88763,88766],{},[197,88760,245],{},[197,88762,3556],{},[197,88764,88765],{},"variables",[197,88767,88768],{},"expressions",[20,88770,214],{},[40,88772,88774],{"className":42,"code":88773,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88775,88776,88790,88800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88777,88778,88780,88782,88784,88786,88788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88779,110],{"class":109},[49,88781,92],{"class":85},[49,88783,95],{"class":63},[49,88785,891],{"class":67},[49,88787,95],{"class":63},[49,88789,103],{"class":85},[49,88791,88792,88794,88796,88798],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88793,110],{"class":109},[49,88795,92],{"class":85},[49,88797,2040],{"class":458},[49,88799,103],{"class":85},[49,88801,88802,88804,88806,88808,88810,88812],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,88803,110],{"class":109},[49,88805,92],{"class":85},[49,88807,312],{"class":458},[49,88809,2357],{"class":59},[49,88811,2354],{"class":458},[49,88813,103],{"class":85},[20,88815,1974],{},[40,88817,88819],{"className":42,"code":88818,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88820,88821,88826,88830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88822,88823],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88824,88825],{"class":55},"Hello\n",[49,88827,88828],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88829,2850],{"class":458},[49,88831,88832],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,88833,2850],{"class":458},[20,88835,88836,88837,88839,88840,88844],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88838,46351],{}," ",[666,88841,3597,88842],{},[15,88843,3684],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[181,88846,316],{"id":315},[20,88848,30631],{},[40,88850,88852],{"className":42,"code":88851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88853,88854],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88855,88856,88858,88860,88863,88865,88868,88870,88872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88857,110],{"class":109},[49,88859,92],{"class":85},[49,88861,88862],{"class":88},"object1",[49,88864,341],{"class":85},[49,88866,88867],{"class":88}," object2",[49,88869,341],{"class":85},[49,88871,34362],{"class":109},[49,88873,103],{"class":85},[20,88875,80079],{},[194,88877,88878,88881,88884],{},[197,88879,88880],{},"one value",[197,88882,88883],{},"many values",[197,88885,88886],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88888,214],{},[40,88890,88892],{"className":42,"code":88891,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88893,88894,88908,88927],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88895,88896,88898,88900,88902,88904,88906],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88897,110],{"class":109},[49,88899,92],{"class":85},[49,88901,95],{"class":63},[49,88903,57664],{"class":67},[49,88905,95],{"class":63},[49,88907,103],{"class":85},[49,88909,88910,88912,88914,88916,88919,88921,88923,88925],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88911,110],{"class":109},[49,88913,92],{"class":85},[49,88915,95],{"class":63},[49,88917,88918],{"class":67},"Score:",[49,88920,95],{"class":63},[49,88922,341],{"class":85},[49,88924,5911],{"class":458},[49,88926,103],{"class":85},[49,88928,88929,88931,88933,88935,88937,88939,88941,88943,88945,88947],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,88930,110],{"class":109},[49,88932,92],{"class":85},[49,88934,95],{"class":63},[49,88936,45463],{"class":67},[49,88938,95],{"class":63},[49,88940,341],{"class":85},[49,88942,808],{"class":458},[49,88944,2357],{"class":59},[49,88946,37548],{"class":458},[49,88948,103],{"class":85},[20,88950,1974],{},[40,88952,88954],{"className":42,"code":88953,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88955,88956,88960,88969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,88957,88958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,88959,85232],{"class":55},[49,88961,88962,88965,88967],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,88963,88964],{"class":55},"Score",[49,88966,1197],{"class":85},[49,88968,2490],{"class":458},[49,88970,88971,88973,88975],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,88972,45503],{"class":55},[49,88974,1197],{"class":85},[49,88976,2490],{"class":458},[20,88978,88979],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[181,88981,88983],{"id":88982},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88985,88986,88987,32],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88988,46351],{},[353,88990,88992],{"id":88991},"print-text","Print text",[20,88994,88995],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[40,88997,88999],{"className":42,"code":88998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89000,89001,89015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89002,89003,89005,89007,89009,89011,89013],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89004,110],{"class":109},[49,89006,92],{"class":85},[49,89008,95],{"class":63},[49,89010,891],{"class":67},[49,89012,95],{"class":63},[49,89014,103],{"class":85},[49,89016,89017,89019,89021,89023,89026,89028],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89018,110],{"class":109},[49,89020,92],{"class":85},[49,89022,95],{"class":63},[49,89024,89025],{"class":67},"Python is fun",[49,89027,95],{"class":63},[49,89029,103],{"class":85},[353,89031,89033],{"id":89032},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89035,89036],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[40,89038,89040],{"className":42,"code":89039,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89041,89042,89052],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89043,89044,89046,89048,89050],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89045,110],{"class":109},[49,89047,92],{"class":85},[49,89049,2040],{"class":458},[49,89051,103],{"class":85},[49,89053,89054,89056,89058,89060],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89055,110],{"class":109},[49,89057,92],{"class":85},[49,89059,40046],{"class":458},[49,89061,103],{"class":85},[353,89063,89065],{"id":89064},"print-variables","Print variables",[40,89067,89069],{"className":42,"code":89068,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89070,89071,89079],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89072,89073,89075,89077],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89074,5003],{"class":55},[49,89076,60],{"class":59},[49,89078,14040],{"class":458},[49,89080,89081,89083,89085,89087],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89082,110],{"class":109},[49,89084,92],{"class":85},[49,89086,85396],{"class":88},[49,89088,103],{"class":85},[353,89090,89092],{"id":89091},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[40,89094,89096],{"className":42,"code":89095,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89097,89098,89112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89099,89100,89102,89104,89106,89108,89110],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89101,110],{"class":109},[49,89103,92],{"class":85},[49,89105,312],{"class":458},[49,89107,2357],{"class":59},[49,89109,2354],{"class":458},[49,89111,103],{"class":85},[49,89113,89114,89116,89118,89120,89122,89124],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89115,110],{"class":109},[49,89117,92],{"class":85},[49,89119,2233],{"class":458},[49,89121,82708],{"class":59},[49,89123,808],{"class":458},[49,89125,103],{"class":85},[20,89127,89128,89129,32],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[820,89130,50876],{"href":50875},[181,89132,89134],{"id":89133},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89136,89137,89139],{},[15,89138,46351],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89141,89142],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[40,89144,89146],{"className":42,"code":89145,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89147,89148,89161,89169,89173,89192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89149,89150,89152,89154,89156,89159],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89151,7785],{"class":55},[49,89153,60],{"class":59},[49,89155,64],{"class":63},[49,89157,89158],{"class":67},"Ava",[49,89160,71],{"class":63},[49,89162,89163,89165,89167],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89164,21538],{"class":55},[49,89166,60],{"class":59},[49,89168,2490],{"class":458},[49,89170,89171],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,89172,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,89174,89175,89177,89179,89181,89184,89186,89188,89190],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,89176,110],{"class":109},[49,89178,92],{"class":85},[49,89180,95],{"class":63},[49,89182,89183],{"class":67},"Name:",[49,89185,95],{"class":63},[49,89187,341],{"class":85},[49,89189,35897],{"class":88},[49,89191,103],{"class":85},[49,89193,89194,89196,89198,89200,89203,89205,89207,89209],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,89195,110],{"class":109},[49,89197,92],{"class":85},[49,89199,95],{"class":63},[49,89201,89202],{"class":67},"Age:",[49,89204,95],{"class":63},[49,89206,341],{"class":85},[49,89208,9094],{"class":88},[49,89210,103],{"class":85},[20,89212,1974],{},[40,89214,89216],{"className":42,"code":89215,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89217,89218,89228],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89219,89220,89223,89225],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89221,89222],{"class":55},"Name",[49,89224,1197],{"class":85},[49,89226,89227],{"class":55}," Ava\n",[49,89229,89230,89233,89235],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89231,89232],{"class":55},"Age",[49,89234,1197],{"class":85},[49,89236,2490],{"class":458},[20,89238,89239,89240,32],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89241,1261],{},[20,89243,89244],{},"For example, this works:",[40,89246,89248],{"className":42,"code":89247,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89249,89250,89258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89251,89252,89254,89256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89253,21538],{"class":55},[49,89255,60],{"class":59},[49,89257,2490],{"class":458},[49,89259,89260,89262,89264,89266,89268,89270,89272,89274],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89261,110],{"class":109},[49,89263,92],{"class":85},[49,89265,95],{"class":63},[49,89267,89202],{"class":67},[49,89269,95],{"class":63},[49,89271,341],{"class":85},[49,89273,9094],{"class":88},[49,89275,103],{"class":85},[20,89277,36831],{},[40,89279,89281],{"className":42,"code":89280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89282,89283,89291],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89284,89285,89287,89289],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89286,21538],{"class":55},[49,89288,60],{"class":59},[49,89290,2490],{"class":458},[49,89292,89293,89295,89297,89299,89302,89304,89306,89308],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89294,110],{"class":109},[49,89296,92],{"class":85},[49,89298,95],{"class":63},[49,89300,89301],{"class":67},"Age: ",[49,89303,95],{"class":63},[49,89305,2357],{"class":59},[49,89307,9094],{"class":88},[49,89309,103],{"class":85},[20,89311,89312,89313,89316,89317,89319,89320,89322,89323,32],{},"That fails because ",[15,89314,89315],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89318,9205],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89321,1261],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[820,89324,89325],{"href":42075},[15,89326,47583],{},[181,89328,89330],{"id":89329},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89332,89333,89335],{},[15,89334,46351],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[194,89337,89338,89344,89349,89354],{},[197,89339,89340,89343],{},[15,89341,89342],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[197,89345,89346,89348],{},[15,89347,374],{}," controls what is added after the output",[197,89350,89351,89353],{},[15,89352,86618],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[197,89355,89356,89359],{},[15,89357,89358],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89361,89362,89363,380,89365,32],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89364,89342],{},[15,89366,374],{},[181,89368,89370,36520],{"id":89369},"sep-argument",[15,89371,89342],{},[20,89373,661,89374,89376],{},[15,89375,89342],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89378,89379],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[353,89381,89383],{"id":89382},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[40,89385,89387],{"className":42,"code":89386,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89388,89389],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89390,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89403,89405,89407,89409,89411,89413,89415,89417],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89392,110],{"class":109},[49,89394,92],{"class":85},[49,89396,95],{"class":63},[49,89398,13001],{"class":67},[49,89400,95],{"class":63},[49,89402,341],{"class":85},[49,89404,64],{"class":63},[49,89406,17365],{"class":67},[49,89408,95],{"class":63},[49,89410,341],{"class":85},[49,89412,64],{"class":63},[49,89414,13018],{"class":67},[49,89416,95],{"class":63},[49,89418,103],{"class":85},[20,89420,1974],{},[40,89422,89424],{"className":42,"code":89423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red green blue\n",[15,89425,89426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89427,89428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89429,89423],{"class":55},[353,89431,89433],{"id":89432},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[40,89435,89437],{"className":42,"code":89436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89438,89439,89482],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89440,89441,89443,89445,89447,89449,89451,89453,89455,89457,89459,89461,89463,89465,89467,89469,89472,89474,89476,89478,89480],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89442,110],{"class":109},[49,89444,92],{"class":85},[49,89446,95],{"class":63},[49,89448,13001],{"class":67},[49,89450,95],{"class":63},[49,89452,341],{"class":85},[49,89454,64],{"class":63},[49,89456,17365],{"class":67},[49,89458,95],{"class":63},[49,89460,341],{"class":85},[49,89462,64],{"class":63},[49,89464,13018],{"class":67},[49,89466,95],{"class":63},[49,89468,341],{"class":85},[49,89470,89471],{"class":9081}," sep",[49,89473,60],{"class":59},[49,89475,95],{"class":63},[49,89477,341],{"class":67},[49,89479,95],{"class":63},[49,89481,103],{"class":85},[49,89483,89484,89486,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502,89504,89506,89508,89510,89512,89514,89516,89518,89521,89523],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89485,110],{"class":109},[49,89487,92],{"class":85},[49,89489,95],{"class":63},[49,89491,13001],{"class":67},[49,89493,95],{"class":63},[49,89495,341],{"class":85},[49,89497,64],{"class":63},[49,89499,17365],{"class":67},[49,89501,95],{"class":63},[49,89503,341],{"class":85},[49,89505,64],{"class":63},[49,89507,13018],{"class":67},[49,89509,95],{"class":63},[49,89511,341],{"class":85},[49,89513,89471],{"class":9081},[49,89515,60],{"class":59},[49,89517,95],{"class":63},[49,89519,89520],{"class":67}," - ",[49,89522,95],{"class":63},[49,89524,103],{"class":85},[20,89526,1974],{},[40,89528,89530],{"className":42,"code":89529,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89531,89532,89544],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89533,89534,89536,89538,89540,89542],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89535,13001],{"class":55},[49,89537,341],{"class":85},[49,89539,17365],{"class":55},[49,89541,341],{"class":85},[49,89543,69862],{"class":55},[49,89545,89546,89549,89551,89554,89556],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89547,89548],{"class":55},"red ",[49,89550,1926],{"class":59},[49,89552,89553],{"class":55}," green ",[49,89555,1926],{"class":59},[49,89557,35786],{"class":55},[20,89559,89560,89562],{},[15,89561,89342],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89564,89565,89566,32],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[820,89567,89569],{"href":89568},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[181,89571,89573,36520],{"id":89572},"end-argument",[15,89574,374],{},[20,89576,89577,89578,89580,89581,89583],{},"By default, ",[15,89579,46351],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89582,46351],{}," starts on a new line.",[353,89585,89383],{"id":89586},"default-behavior-1",[40,89588,89590],{"className":42,"code":89589,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89591,89592,89606],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89593,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89595,110],{"class":109},[49,89597,92],{"class":85},[49,89599,95],{"class":63},[49,89601,891],{"class":67},[49,89603,95],{"class":63},[49,89605,103],{"class":85},[49,89607,89608,89610,89612,89614,89617,89619],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89609,110],{"class":109},[49,89611,92],{"class":85},[49,89613,95],{"class":63},[49,89615,89616],{"class":67},"World",[49,89618,95],{"class":63},[49,89620,103],{"class":85},[20,89622,1974],{},[40,89624,89626],{"className":42,"code":89625,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89627,89628,89632],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89629,89630],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89631,88825],{"class":55},[49,89633,89634],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89635,89636],{"class":55},"World\n",[353,89638,89640],{"id":89639},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[40,89642,89644],{"className":42,"code":89643,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89645,89646,89668],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89647,89648,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89649,110],{"class":109},[49,89651,92],{"class":85},[49,89653,95],{"class":63},[49,89655,891],{"class":67},[49,89657,95],{"class":63},[49,89659,341],{"class":85},[49,89661,349],{"class":9081},[49,89663,60],{"class":59},[49,89665,6179],{"class":63},[49,89667,103],{"class":85},[49,89669,89670,89672,89674,89676,89678,89680],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89671,110],{"class":109},[49,89673,92],{"class":85},[49,89675,95],{"class":63},[49,89677,89616],{"class":67},[49,89679,95],{"class":63},[49,89681,103],{"class":85},[20,89683,1974],{},[40,89685,89687],{"className":42,"code":89686,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89688,89689],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89690,89691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89692,89686],{"class":55},[353,89694,89696],{"id":89695},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[40,89698,89700],{"className":42,"code":89699,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89701,89702,89731],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89703,89704,89706,89708,89710,89712,89714,89716,89718,89720,89722,89725,89727,89729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89705,110],{"class":109},[49,89707,92],{"class":85},[49,89709,95],{"class":63},[49,89711,891],{"class":67},[49,89713,95],{"class":63},[49,89715,341],{"class":85},[49,89717,349],{"class":9081},[49,89719,60],{"class":59},[49,89721,95],{"class":63},[49,89723,89724],{"class":67},"!",[49,89726,87029],{"class":34361},[49,89728,95],{"class":63},[49,89730,103],{"class":85},[49,89732,89733,89735,89737,89739,89741,89743],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89734,110],{"class":109},[49,89736,92],{"class":85},[49,89738,95],{"class":63},[49,89740,89616],{"class":67},[49,89742,95],{"class":63},[49,89744,103],{"class":85},[20,89746,1974],{},[40,89748,89750],{"className":42,"code":89749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89751,89752,89757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89753,89754],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89755,89756],{"class":55},"Hello!\n",[49,89758,89759],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89760,89636],{"class":55},[20,89762,661,89763,89765],{},[15,89764,374],{}," argument is useful for:",[194,89767,89768,89771,89774],{},[197,89769,89770],{},"progress messages",[197,89772,89773],{},"inline output",[197,89775,89776],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[181,89778,89780,1000,89782],{"id":89779},"print-returns-none",[15,89781,46351],{},[15,89783,3684],{},[20,89785,627,89786,89788],{},[15,89787,46351],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89790,214],{},[40,89792,89794],{"className":42,"code":89793,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89795,89796,89816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89797,89798,89800,89802,89805,89807,89809,89812,89814],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89799,2131],{"class":55},[49,89801,60],{"class":59},[49,89803,89804],{"class":109}," print",[49,89806,92],{"class":85},[49,89808,95],{"class":63},[49,89810,89811],{"class":67},"Hi",[49,89813,95],{"class":63},[49,89815,103],{"class":85},[49,89817,89818,89820,89822,89824],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89819,110],{"class":109},[49,89821,92],{"class":85},[49,89823,2166],{"class":88},[49,89825,103],{"class":85},[20,89827,1974],{},[40,89829,89831],{"className":42,"code":89830,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89832,89833,89838],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89834,89835],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89836,89837],{"class":55},"Hi\n",[49,89839,89840],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89841,11715],{"class":3757},[20,89843,89844],{},"Why does this happen?",[194,89846,89847,89855,89860],{},[197,89848,89849,89852,89853],{},[15,89850,89851],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89854,89811],{},[197,89856,89857,89858],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89859,3684],{},[197,89861,89862,89863,11827,89865],{},"so ",[15,89864,2166],{},[15,89866,3684],{},[20,89868,89869,89870,89872],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89871,46351],{}," call.",[40,89874,89876],{"className":42,"code":89875,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89877,89878,89891],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89879,89880,89883,89885,89887,89889],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89881,89882],{"class":55},"message ",[49,89884,60],{"class":59},[49,89886,64],{"class":63},[49,89888,89811],{"class":67},[49,89890,71],{"class":63},[49,89892,89893,89895,89897,89900],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89894,110],{"class":109},[49,89896,92],{"class":85},[49,89898,89899],{"class":88},"message",[49,89901,103],{"class":85},[20,89903,89904,89905,89907,89908,89912],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89906,46351],{}," with functions like ",[820,89909,89910],{"href":8128},[15,89911,2861],{},", which do return a value.",[181,89914,89916,89917],{"id":89915},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89918,46351],{},[20,89920,89921,89922,89924],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89923,46351],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[194,89926,89927,89930,89933,89936],{},[197,89928,89929],{},"to display results to the user",[197,89931,89932],{},"to show messages in a script",[197,89934,89935],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[197,89937,89938],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89940,214],{},[40,89942,89944],{"className":42,"code":89943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89945,89946,89954,89958,89978,89989],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,89947,89948,89950,89952],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,89949,41083],{"class":55},[49,89951,60],{"class":59},[49,89953,38415],{"class":458},[49,89955,89956],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,89957,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,89959,89960,89962,89964,89966,89968,89970,89972,89974,89976],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,89961,5865],{"class":1210},[49,89963,6294],{"class":55},[49,89965,3788],{"class":1210},[49,89967,53968],{"class":109},[49,89969,92],{"class":85},[49,89971,1223],{"class":458},[49,89973,341],{"class":85},[49,89975,808],{"class":458},[49,89977,1396],{"class":85},[49,89979,89980,89983,89986],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,89981,89982],{"class":55},"    total ",[49,89984,89985],{"class":59},"+=",[49,89987,89988],{"class":55}," number\n",[49,89990,89991,89993,89995,89997,90000,90002,90004,90006,90008,90010,90012,90014,90016,90018],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,89992,1273],{"class":109},[49,89994,92],{"class":85},[49,89996,95],{"class":63},[49,89998,89999],{"class":67},"Current number:",[49,90001,95],{"class":63},[49,90003,341],{"class":85},[49,90005,2099],{"class":88},[49,90007,341],{"class":85},[49,90009,64],{"class":63},[49,90011,45463],{"class":67},[49,90013,95],{"class":63},[49,90015,341],{"class":85},[49,90017,45470],{"class":88},[49,90019,103],{"class":85},[20,90021,1974],{},[40,90023,90025],{"className":42,"code":90024,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90026,90027,90043,90057],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90028,90029,90032,90034,90036,90039,90041],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90030,90031],{"class":55},"Current number",[49,90033,1197],{"class":85},[49,90035,1264],{"class":458},[49,90037,90038],{"class":55}," Total",[49,90040,1197],{"class":85},[49,90042,29520],{"class":458},[49,90044,90045,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,90046,90031],{"class":55},[49,90048,1197],{"class":85},[49,90050,2896],{"class":458},[49,90052,90038],{"class":55},[49,90054,1197],{"class":85},[49,90056,2480],{"class":458},[49,90058,90059,90061,90063,90065,90067,90069],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,90060,90031],{"class":55},[49,90062,1197],{"class":85},[49,90064,2354],{"class":458},[49,90066,90038],{"class":55},[49,90068,1197],{"class":85},[49,90070,90071],{"class":458}," 6\n",[20,90073,90074,90075,32],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[820,90076,90078],{"href":90077},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[181,90080,1308],{"id":1307},[20,90082,90083,90084,32],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90085,46351],{},[353,90087,90089],{"id":90088},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90091,90092],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[40,90094,90096],{"className":42,"code":90095,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90097,90098],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90099,90100,90102,90104,90106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90101,110],{"class":109},[49,90103,92],{"class":85},[49,90105,891],{"class":88},[49,90107,103],{"class":85},[20,90109,8780,90110,90112],{},[15,90111,891],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90114,10714],{},[40,90116,90118],{"className":42,"code":90117,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90119,90120],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90121,90122,90124,90126,90128,90130,90132],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90123,110],{"class":109},[49,90125,92],{"class":85},[49,90127,95],{"class":63},[49,90129,891],{"class":67},[49,90131,95],{"class":63},[49,90133,103],{"class":85},[353,90135,644,90137,90139],{"id":90136},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90138,110],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90141,90142],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[40,90144,90146],{"className":42,"code":90145,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90147,90148],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90149,90150,90152,90154,90156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90151,110],{"class":109},[49,90153,64],{"class":63},[49,90155,891],{"class":67},[49,90157,71],{"class":63},[20,90159,10714],{},[40,90161,90162],{"className":42,"code":90117,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90163,90164],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90165,90166,90168,90170,90172,90174,90176],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90167,110],{"class":109},[49,90169,92],{"class":85},[49,90171,95],{"class":63},[49,90173,891],{"class":67},[49,90175,95],{"class":63},[49,90177,103],{"class":85},[353,90179,90181,90182],{"id":90180},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90183,1261],{},[20,90185,90186,90187,32],{},"This causes a ",[15,90188,2909],{},[40,90190,90191],{"className":42,"code":89280,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90192,90193,90201],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90194,90195,90197,90199],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90196,21538],{"class":55},[49,90198,60],{"class":59},[49,90200,2490],{"class":458},[49,90202,90203,90205,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215,90217],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,90204,110],{"class":109},[49,90206,92],{"class":85},[49,90208,95],{"class":63},[49,90210,89301],{"class":67},[49,90212,95],{"class":63},[49,90214,2357],{"class":59},[49,90216,9094],{"class":88},[49,90218,103],{"class":85},[20,90220,90221],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[40,90223,90225],{"className":42,"code":90224,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90226,90227],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90228,90229,90231,90233,90235,90237,90239,90241,90243],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90230,110],{"class":109},[49,90232,92],{"class":85},[49,90234,95],{"class":63},[49,90236,89202],{"class":67},[49,90238,95],{"class":63},[49,90240,341],{"class":85},[49,90242,9094],{"class":88},[49,90244,103],{"class":85},[20,90246,90247],{},"Or convert the number first:",[40,90249,90251],{"className":42,"code":90250,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90252,90253],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90254,90255,90257,90259,90261,90263,90265,90267,90269,90271,90273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90256,110],{"class":109},[49,90258,92],{"class":85},[49,90260,95],{"class":63},[49,90262,89301],{"class":67},[49,90264,95],{"class":63},[49,90266,2357],{"class":59},[49,90268,48804],{"class":2804},[49,90270,92],{"class":85},[49,90272,9205],{"class":88},[49,90274,1581],{"class":85},[20,90276,90277,90278,32],{},"If you see this error, read ",[820,90279,90281],{"href":90280},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[353,90283,1318,90285,90287],{"id":90284},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90286,46351],{}," to return a value",[20,90289,90290,90291,35236,90293,1197],{},"This does not store ",[15,90292,846],{},[15,90294,2166],{},[40,90296,90298],{"className":42,"code":90297,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90299,90300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90301,90302,90304,90306,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90303,2131],{"class":55},[49,90305,60],{"class":59},[49,90307,89804],{"class":109},[49,90309,92],{"class":85},[49,90311,95],{"class":63},[49,90313,891],{"class":67},[49,90315,95],{"class":63},[49,90317,103],{"class":85},[20,90319,90320,90321,32],{},"It stores ",[15,90322,3684],{},[353,90324,90326,90327,380,90329],{"id":90325},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90328,89342],{},[15,90330,374],{},[20,90332,85688],{},[194,90334,90335,90344],{},[197,90336,90337,90339,90340,90343],{},[15,90338,89342],{}," changes what goes ",[666,90341,90342],{},"between"," multiple values",[197,90345,90346,90348,90349,90352],{},[15,90347,374],{}," changes what appears ",[666,90350,90351],{},"after"," the output",[181,90354,90356],{"id":90355},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90358,90359,90360,90362],{},"These simple ",[15,90361,46351],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[40,90364,90366],{"className":42,"code":90365,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90367,90368,90388,90403],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90369,90370,90372,90374,90376,90379,90381,90383,90386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90371,110],{"class":109},[49,90373,92],{"class":85},[49,90375,95],{"class":63},[49,90377,90378],{"class":67},"Debug:",[49,90380,95],{"class":63},[49,90382,341],{"class":85},[49,90384,90385],{"class":88}," variable_name",[49,90387,103],{"class":85},[49,90389,90390,90392,90394,90396,90398,90401],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,90391,110],{"class":109},[49,90393,92],{"class":85},[49,90395,3127],{"class":2804},[49,90397,92],{"class":85},[49,90399,90400],{"class":88},"variable_name",[49,90402,1581],{"class":85},[49,90404,90405,90407,90409,90411],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,90406,32059],{"class":109},[49,90408,92],{"class":85},[49,90410,110],{"class":109},[49,90412,103],{"class":85},[20,90414,90415],{},"What they do:",[194,90417,90418,90424,90430],{},[197,90419,90420,90423],{},[15,90421,90422],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[197,90425,90426,90429],{},[15,90427,90428],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[197,90431,90432,90435,90436],{},[15,90433,90434],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90437,46351],{},[181,90439,1704],{"id":1703},[353,90441,1720,90443,90445],{"id":90442},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90444,46351],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90447,90448,90449,90451,90452,36526],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90450,46351],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90453,374],{},[353,90455,5077,90457,90459],{"id":90456},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90458,46351],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90461,90462,90463,90465],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90464,46351],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[353,90467,5065,90469,5068,90472,2394],{"id":90468},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90470,90471],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90473,3684],{},[20,90475,28966,90476,90478],{},[15,90477,46351],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[353,90480,90482],{"id":90481},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90484,90485],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[40,90487,90489],{"className":42,"code":90488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90490,90491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90492,90493,90495,90497,90499,90501,90503,90505,90507],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90494,110],{"class":109},[49,90496,92],{"class":85},[49,90498,95],{"class":63},[49,90500,89202],{"class":67},[49,90502,95],{"class":63},[49,90504,341],{"class":85},[49,90506,5911],{"class":458},[49,90508,103],{"class":85},[20,90510,90511,90512,39832],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90513,47583],{},[353,90515,1740,90517,380,90519,2394],{"id":90516},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90518,89342],{},[15,90520,374],{},[194,90522,90523,90528],{},[197,90524,90525,90527],{},[15,90526,89342],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[197,90529,90530,90532],{},[15,90531,374],{}," changes what appears after the output",[181,90534,1775],{"id":1774},[194,90536,90537,90541,90547,90553,90558,90563],{},[197,90538,90539],{},[820,90540,50876],{"href":50875},[197,90542,90543],{},[820,90544,3482,90545,3415],{"href":8128},[15,90546,2861],{},[197,90548,90549],{},[820,90550,3482,90551,3415],{"href":42075},[15,90552,47583],{},[197,90554,90555],{},[820,90556,90557],{"href":89568},"How to format strings in Python",[197,90559,90560],{},[820,90561,90562],{"href":90077},"How to debug Python code",[197,90564,90565],{},[820,90566,90281],{"href":90280},[1834,90568,90569],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":90571},[90572,90573,90575,90576,90582,90583,90584,90589,90595,90597,90599,90610,90611,90622],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":88746,"depth":74,"text":90574},"What print() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":88982,"depth":74,"text":88983,"children":90577},[90578,90579,90580,90581],{"id":88991,"depth":106,"text":88992},{"id":89032,"depth":106,"text":89033},{"id":89064,"depth":106,"text":89065},{"id":89091,"depth":106,"text":89092},{"id":89133,"depth":74,"text":89134},{"id":89329,"depth":74,"text":89330},{"id":89369,"depth":74,"text":90585,"children":90586},"sep argument",[90587,90588],{"id":89382,"depth":106,"text":89383},{"id":89432,"depth":106,"text":89433},{"id":89572,"depth":74,"text":90590,"children":90591},"end argument",[90592,90593,90594],{"id":89586,"depth":106,"text":89383},{"id":89639,"depth":106,"text":89640},{"id":89695,"depth":106,"text":89696},{"id":89779,"depth":74,"text":90596},"print() returns None",{"id":89915,"depth":74,"text":90598},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":90600},[90601,90602,90604,90606,90608],{"id":90088,"depth":106,"text":90089},{"id":90136,"depth":106,"text":90603},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90180,"depth":106,"text":90605},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90284,"depth":106,"text":90607},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90325,"depth":106,"text":90609},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90355,"depth":74,"text":90356},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":90612},[90613,90615,90617,90619,90620],{"id":90442,"depth":106,"text":90614},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90456,"depth":106,"text":90616},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90468,"depth":106,"text":90618},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90481,"depth":106,"text":90482},{"id":90516,"depth":106,"text":90621},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88629,"description":90623},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90630,"title":90631,"body":90632,"description":92936,"extension":1866,"meta":92937,"navigation":128,"path":92938,"seo":92939,"stem":92940,"__hash__":92941},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90633,"toc":92882},[90634,90639,90644,90657,90659,90724,90735,90740,90745,90747,90770,90773,90804,90806,90823,90828,90834,90839,90888,90891,90908,90914,90919,90942,90944,90972,90978,90986,91013,91015,91040,91046,91049,91080,91082,91111,91115,91118,91123,91145,91147,91175,91181,91187,91213,91215,91239,91245,91251,91281,91283,91311,91321,91325,91331,91364,91366,91395,91398,91401,91434,91436,91444,91450,91452,91475,91480,91489,91494,91508,91510,91550,91552,91582,91586,91621,91627,91631,91675,91677,91707,91713,91716,91795,91797,91819,91827,91830,91893,91901,91976,91982,91989,91994,91999,92022,92024,92045,92047,92060,92062,92109,92111,92150,92159,92161,92165,92169,92172,92199,92202,92231,92234,92258,92261,92269,92275,92297,92299,92327,92331,92336,92391,92396,92398,92455,92462,92471,92474,92506,92508,92516,92519,92525,92527,92550,92553,92559,92562,92581,92583,92602,92605,92627,92629,92657,92661,92665,92770,92772,92785,92787,92793,92796,92804,92809,92815,92821,92826,92834,92840,92847,92849,92879],[10,90635,3482,90637,3486],{"id":90636},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90638,36102],{},[20,90640,32224,90641,90643],{},[15,90642,36102],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90645,90646,90647,90649,90650,90652,90653,90656],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90648,5865],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90651,36102],{}," stops ",[666,90654,90655],{},"before"," the end value.",[181,90658,1907],{"id":1906},[40,90660,90662],{"className":42,"code":90661,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90663,90664,90680,90690,90694,90699,90704,90709,90714,90719],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90665,90666,90668,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90667,5865],{"class":1210},[49,90669,69430],{"class":55},[49,90671,3788],{"class":1210},[49,90673,53968],{"class":109},[49,90675,92],{"class":85},[49,90677,2040],{"class":458},[49,90679,1396],{"class":85},[49,90681,90682,90684,90686,90688],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,90683,1273],{"class":109},[49,90685,92],{"class":85},[49,90687,36058],{"class":88},[49,90689,103],{"class":85},[49,90691,90692],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,90693,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,90695,90696],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,90697,90698],{"class":121},"# Output:\n",[49,90700,90701],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,90702,90703],{"class":121},"# 0\n",[49,90705,90706],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,90707,90708],{"class":121},"# 1\n",[49,90710,90711],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,90712,90713],{"class":121},"# 2\n",[49,90715,90716],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,90717,90718],{"class":121},"# 3\n",[49,90720,90721],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,90722,90723],{"class":121},"# 4\n",[20,90725,90726,90729,90730,90732,90733,32],{},[15,90727,90728],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90731,516],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90734,2040],{},[181,90736,184,90738,187],{"id":90737},"what-range-does",[15,90739,36102],{},[20,90741,90742,90744],{},[15,90743,36102],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90746,12960],{},[194,90748,90749,90754,90760,90765],{},[197,90750,90751,90753],{},[15,90752,36102],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[197,90755,90756,90757,90759],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90758,5865],{}," loops",[197,90761,90762,90763],{},"The stop value is ",[666,90764,668],{},[197,90766,17331,90767,90769],{},[15,90768,59894],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90771,90772],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[40,90774,90776],{"className":42,"code":90775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90777,90778,90794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90779,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90781,5865],{"class":1210},[49,90783,6294],{"class":55},[49,90785,3788],{"class":1210},[49,90787,53968],{"class":109},[49,90789,92],{"class":85},[49,90791,1965],{"class":458},[49,90793,1396],{"class":85},[49,90795,90796,90798,90800,90802],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,90797,1273],{"class":109},[49,90799,92],{"class":85},[49,90801,2141],{"class":88},[49,90803,103],{"class":85},[20,90805,1974],{},[40,90807,90809],{"className":42,"code":90808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90810,90811,90815,90819],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90812,90813],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90814,47151],{"class":458},[49,90816,90817],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,90818,46816],{"class":458},[49,90820,90821],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,90822,16968],{"class":458},[20,90824,90825,90826,32],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[820,90827,35934],{"href":35933},[181,90829,90831,90833],{"id":90830},"range-syntax",[15,90832,36102],{}," syntax",[20,90835,90836,90838],{},[15,90837,36102],{}," has three common forms:",[40,90840,90842],{"className":42,"code":90841,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90843,90844,90854,90869],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90845,90846,90848,90850,90852],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90847,59894],{"class":109},[49,90849,92],{"class":85},[49,90851,75305],{"class":88},[49,90853,103],{"class":85},[49,90855,90856,90858,90860,90862,90864,90867],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,90857,59894],{"class":109},[49,90859,92],{"class":85},[49,90861,368],{"class":88},[49,90863,341],{"class":85},[49,90865,90866],{"class":88}," stop",[49,90868,103],{"class":85},[49,90870,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90886],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,90872,59894],{"class":109},[49,90874,92],{"class":85},[49,90876,368],{"class":88},[49,90878,341],{"class":85},[49,90880,90866],{"class":88},[49,90882,341],{"class":85},[49,90884,90885],{"class":88}," step",[49,90887,103],{"class":85},[20,90889,90890],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[194,90892,90893,90898,90903],{},[197,90894,90895,90897],{},[15,90896,368],{}," = first number",[197,90899,90900,90902],{},[15,90901,75305],{}," = end limit, not included",[197,90904,90905,90907],{},[15,90906,75308],{}," = amount to move each time",[353,90909,90911],{"id":90910},"rangestop",[15,90912,90913],{},"range(stop)",[20,90915,90916,90917,32],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90918,516],{},[40,90920,90922],{"className":42,"code":90921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90923,90924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90925,90926,90928,90930,90932,90934,90936,90938,90940],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90927,110],{"class":109},[49,90929,92],{"class":85},[49,90931,8002],{"class":2804},[49,90933,92],{"class":85},[49,90935,59894],{"class":109},[49,90937,92],{"class":85},[49,90939,2040],{"class":458},[49,90941,2815],{"class":85},[20,90943,1974],{},[40,90945,90946],{"className":42,"code":59917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,90947,90948],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90949,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958,90960,90962,90964,90966,90968,90970],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90951,1256],{"class":85},[49,90953,516],{"class":458},[49,90955,341],{"class":85},[49,90957,1264],{"class":458},[49,90959,341],{"class":85},[49,90961,2896],{"class":458},[49,90963,341],{"class":85},[49,90965,2354],{"class":458},[49,90967,341],{"class":85},[49,90969,808],{"class":458},[49,90971,1244],{"class":85},[353,90973,90975],{"id":90974},"rangestart-stop",[15,90976,90977],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90979,90980,90981,90983,90984,32],{},"This starts at ",[15,90982,368],{}," and stops before ",[15,90985,75305],{},[40,90987,90989],{"className":42,"code":90988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90990,90991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,90992,90993,90995,90997,90999,91001,91003,91005,91007,91009,91011],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,90994,110],{"class":109},[49,90996,92],{"class":85},[49,90998,8002],{"class":2804},[49,91000,92],{"class":85},[49,91002,59894],{"class":109},[49,91004,92],{"class":85},[49,91006,312],{"class":458},[49,91008,341],{"class":85},[49,91010,37548],{"class":458},[49,91012,2815],{"class":85},[20,91014,1974],{},[40,91016,91018],{"className":42,"code":91017,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91019,91020],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91021,91022,91024,91026,91028,91030,91032,91034,91036,91038],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91023,1256],{"class":85},[49,91025,312],{"class":458},[49,91027,341],{"class":85},[49,91029,2354],{"class":458},[49,91031,341],{"class":85},[49,91033,808],{"class":458},[49,91035,341],{"class":85},[49,91037,459],{"class":458},[49,91039,1244],{"class":85},[353,91041,91043],{"id":91042},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91044,91045],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91047,91048],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[40,91050,91052],{"className":42,"code":91051,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91053,91054],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91055,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91057,110],{"class":109},[49,91059,92],{"class":85},[49,91061,8002],{"class":2804},[49,91063,92],{"class":85},[49,91065,59894],{"class":109},[49,91067,92],{"class":85},[49,91069,1223],{"class":458},[49,91071,341],{"class":85},[49,91073,5911],{"class":458},[49,91075,341],{"class":85},[49,91077,2896],{"class":458},[49,91079,2815],{"class":85},[20,91081,1974],{},[40,91083,91085],{"className":42,"code":91084,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91086,91087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91088,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91090,1256],{"class":85},[49,91092,1223],{"class":458},[49,91094,341],{"class":85},[49,91096,2354],{"class":458},[49,91098,341],{"class":85},[49,91100,459],{"class":458},[49,91102,341],{"class":85},[49,91104,493],{"class":458},[49,91106,341],{"class":85},[49,91108,54034],{"class":458},[49,91110,1244],{"class":85},[181,91112,91114],{"id":91113},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91116,91117],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[353,91119,91121],{"id":91120},"range5",[15,91122,90728],{},[40,91124,91125],{"className":42,"code":90921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91126,91127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91128,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139,91141,91143],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91130,110],{"class":109},[49,91132,92],{"class":85},[49,91134,8002],{"class":2804},[49,91136,92],{"class":85},[49,91138,59894],{"class":109},[49,91140,92],{"class":85},[49,91142,2040],{"class":458},[49,91144,2815],{"class":85},[20,91146,1974],{},[40,91148,91149],{"className":42,"code":59917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91150,91151],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91152,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91154,1256],{"class":85},[49,91156,516],{"class":458},[49,91158,341],{"class":85},[49,91160,1264],{"class":458},[49,91162,341],{"class":85},[49,91164,2896],{"class":458},[49,91166,341],{"class":85},[49,91168,2354],{"class":458},[49,91170,341],{"class":85},[49,91172,808],{"class":458},[49,91174,1244],{"class":85},[20,91176,90980,91177,90983,91179,32],{},[15,91178,516],{},[15,91180,2040],{},[353,91182,91184],{"id":91183},"range2-6",[15,91185,91186],{},"range(2, 6)",[40,91188,91189],{"className":42,"code":90988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91190,91191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91192,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91194,110],{"class":109},[49,91196,92],{"class":85},[49,91198,8002],{"class":2804},[49,91200,92],{"class":85},[49,91202,59894],{"class":109},[49,91204,92],{"class":85},[49,91206,312],{"class":458},[49,91208,341],{"class":85},[49,91210,37548],{"class":458},[49,91212,2815],{"class":85},[20,91214,1974],{},[40,91216,91217],{"className":42,"code":91017,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91218,91219],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91220,91221,91223,91225,91227,91229,91231,91233,91235,91237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91222,1256],{"class":85},[49,91224,312],{"class":458},[49,91226,341],{"class":85},[49,91228,2354],{"class":458},[49,91230,341],{"class":85},[49,91232,808],{"class":458},[49,91234,341],{"class":85},[49,91236,459],{"class":458},[49,91238,1244],{"class":85},[20,91240,90980,91241,90983,91243,32],{},[15,91242,312],{},[15,91244,80470],{},[353,91246,91248],{"id":91247},"range1-10-2",[15,91249,91250],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[40,91252,91253],{"className":42,"code":91051,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91254,91255],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91256,91257,91259,91261,91263,91265,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91258,110],{"class":109},[49,91260,92],{"class":85},[49,91262,8002],{"class":2804},[49,91264,92],{"class":85},[49,91266,59894],{"class":109},[49,91268,92],{"class":85},[49,91270,1223],{"class":458},[49,91272,341],{"class":85},[49,91274,5911],{"class":458},[49,91276,341],{"class":85},[49,91278,2896],{"class":458},[49,91280,2815],{"class":85},[20,91282,1974],{},[40,91284,91285],{"className":42,"code":91084,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91286,91287],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91288,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303,91305,91307,91309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91290,1256],{"class":85},[49,91292,1223],{"class":458},[49,91294,341],{"class":85},[49,91296,2354],{"class":458},[49,91298,341],{"class":85},[49,91300,459],{"class":458},[49,91302,341],{"class":85},[49,91304,493],{"class":458},[49,91306,341],{"class":85},[49,91308,54034],{"class":458},[49,91310,1244],{"class":85},[20,91312,91313,91314,91316,91317,61191,91319,32],{},"This moves by ",[15,91315,312],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91318,1223],{},[15,91320,2048],{},[353,91322,91324],{"id":91323},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91326,91327,91328,91330],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91329,36102],{}," count backward.",[40,91332,91334],{"className":42,"code":91333,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91335,91336],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91337,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91339,110],{"class":109},[49,91341,92],{"class":85},[49,91343,8002],{"class":2804},[49,91345,92],{"class":85},[49,91347,59894],{"class":109},[49,91349,92],{"class":85},[49,91351,2040],{"class":458},[49,91353,341],{"class":85},[49,91355,770],{"class":458},[49,91357,341],{"class":85},[49,91359,1220],{"class":59},[49,91361,1223],{"class":458},[49,91363,2815],{"class":85},[20,91365,1974],{},[40,91367,91369],{"className":42,"code":91368,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91370,91371],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91372,91373,91375,91377,91379,91381,91383,91385,91387,91389,91391,91393],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91374,1256],{"class":85},[49,91376,2040],{"class":458},[49,91378,341],{"class":85},[49,91380,808],{"class":458},[49,91382,341],{"class":85},[49,91384,2354],{"class":458},[49,91386,341],{"class":85},[49,91388,2896],{"class":458},[49,91390,341],{"class":85},[49,91392,1264],{"class":458},[49,91394,1244],{"class":85},[20,91396,91397],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91399,91400],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[40,91402,91404],{"className":42,"code":91403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91405,91406],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91407,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418,91420,91422,91424,91426,91428,91430,91432],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91409,110],{"class":109},[49,91411,92],{"class":85},[49,91413,8002],{"class":2804},[49,91415,92],{"class":85},[49,91417,59894],{"class":109},[49,91419,92],{"class":85},[49,91421,1223],{"class":458},[49,91423,341],{"class":85},[49,91425,459],{"class":458},[49,91427,341],{"class":85},[49,91429,1220],{"class":59},[49,91431,1223],{"class":458},[49,91433,2815],{"class":85},[20,91435,1974],{},[40,91437,91438],{"className":42,"code":38200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91439,91440],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91441,91442],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91443,38200],{"class":85},[353,91445,91446,76466,91448],{"id":76690},[15,91447,75308],{},[15,91449,516],{},[20,91451,2739],{},[40,91453,91455],{"className":42,"code":91454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91456,91457],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91458,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91460,59894],{"class":109},[49,91462,92],{"class":85},[49,91464,1223],{"class":458},[49,91466,341],{"class":85},[49,91468,459],{"class":458},[49,91470,341],{"class":85},[49,91472,770],{"class":458},[49,91474,103],{"class":85},[20,91476,76735,91477,91479],{},[15,91478,1010],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[181,91481,644,91483,91485,91486,91488],{"id":91482},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91484,36102],{}," in a ",[15,91487,5865],{}," loop",[20,91490,91491,91493],{},[15,91492,36102],{}," is most useful when:",[194,91495,91496,91499,91502],{},[197,91497,91498],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[197,91500,91501],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[197,91503,91504,91505],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91506,91507],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91509,214],{},[40,91511,91513],{"className":42,"code":91512,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91514,91515,91531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91516,91517,91519,91521,91523,91525,91527,91529],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91518,5865],{"class":1210},[49,91520,69430],{"class":55},[49,91522,3788],{"class":1210},[49,91524,53968],{"class":109},[49,91526,92],{"class":85},[49,91528,1965],{"class":458},[49,91530,1396],{"class":85},[49,91532,91533,91535,91537,91539,91542,91544,91546,91548],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,91534,1273],{"class":109},[49,91536,92],{"class":85},[49,91538,95],{"class":63},[49,91540,91541],{"class":67},"Loop number:",[49,91543,95],{"class":63},[49,91545,341],{"class":85},[49,91547,36033],{"class":88},[49,91549,103],{"class":85},[20,91551,1974],{},[40,91553,91555],{"className":42,"code":91554,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91556,91557,91566,91574],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91558,91559,91562,91564],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91560,91561],{"class":55},"Loop number",[49,91563,1197],{"class":85},[49,91565,38415],{"class":458},[49,91567,91568,91570,91572],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,91569,91561],{"class":55},[49,91571,1197],{"class":85},[49,91573,29520],{"class":458},[49,91575,91576,91578,91580],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,91577,91561],{"class":55},[49,91579,1197],{"class":85},[49,91581,45489],{"class":458},[353,91583,91585],{"id":91584},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[40,91587,91589],{"className":42,"code":91588,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91590,91591,91607],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91592,91593,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91594,5865],{"class":1210},[49,91596,69430],{"class":55},[49,91598,3788],{"class":1210},[49,91600,53968],{"class":109},[49,91602,92],{"class":85},[49,91604,2040],{"class":458},[49,91606,1396],{"class":85},[49,91608,91609,91611,91613,91615,91617,91619],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,91610,1273],{"class":109},[49,91612,92],{"class":85},[49,91614,95],{"class":63},[49,91616,891],{"class":67},[49,91618,95],{"class":63},[49,91620,103],{"class":85},[20,91622,91623,91624,91626],{},"This prints ",[15,91625,846],{}," five times.",[353,91628,91630],{"id":91629},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[40,91632,91634],{"className":42,"code":91633,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91635,91636,91656],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91637,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650,91652,91654],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91639,5865],{"class":1210},[49,91641,69430],{"class":55},[49,91643,3788],{"class":1210},[49,91645,53968],{"class":109},[49,91647,92],{"class":85},[49,91649,1223],{"class":458},[49,91651,341],{"class":85},[49,91653,808],{"class":458},[49,91655,1396],{"class":85},[49,91657,91658,91660,91662,91664,91667,91669,91671,91673],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,91659,1273],{"class":109},[49,91661,92],{"class":85},[49,91663,95],{"class":63},[49,91665,91666],{"class":67},"Current number is",[49,91668,95],{"class":63},[49,91670,341],{"class":85},[49,91672,36033],{"class":88},[49,91674,103],{"class":85},[20,91676,1974],{},[40,91678,91680],{"className":42,"code":91679,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91681,91682,91691,91699],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91683,91684,91687,91689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91685,91686],{"class":55},"Current number ",[49,91688,12101],{"class":59},[49,91690,29520],{"class":458},[49,91692,91693,91695,91697],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,91694,91686],{"class":55},[49,91696,12101],{"class":59},[49,91698,45489],{"class":458},[49,91700,91701,91703,91705],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,91702,91686],{"class":55},[49,91704,12101],{"class":59},[49,91706,2480],{"class":458},[353,91708,91710,91712],{"id":91709},"range-and-indexing",[15,91711,36102],{}," and indexing",[20,91714,91715],{},"You may see code like this:",[40,91717,91719],{"className":42,"code":91718,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91720,91721,91753,91757,91777],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91722,91723,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91724,7687],{"class":55},[49,91726,60],{"class":59},[49,91728,3530],{"class":85},[49,91730,95],{"class":63},[49,91732,820],{"class":67},[49,91734,95],{"class":63},[49,91736,341],{"class":85},[49,91738,64],{"class":63},[49,91740,4667],{"class":67},[49,91742,95],{"class":63},[49,91744,341],{"class":85},[49,91746,64],{"class":63},[49,91748,9646],{"class":67},[49,91750,95],{"class":63},[49,91752,1244],{"class":85},[49,91754,91755],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,91756,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,91758,91759,91761,91763,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,91760,5865],{"class":1210},[49,91762,69430],{"class":55},[49,91764,3788],{"class":1210},[49,91766,53968],{"class":109},[49,91768,92],{"class":85},[49,91770,1631],{"class":109},[49,91772,92],{"class":85},[49,91774,7718],{"class":88},[49,91776,69445],{"class":85},[49,91778,91779,91781,91783,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,91780,1273],{"class":109},[49,91782,92],{"class":85},[49,91784,36058],{"class":88},[49,91786,341],{"class":85},[49,91788,5873],{"class":88},[49,91790,1256],{"class":85},[49,91792,36058],{"class":88},[49,91794,3794],{"class":85},[20,91796,1974],{},[40,91798,91799],{"className":42,"code":36070,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,91800,91801,91807,91813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91802,91803,91805],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91804,516],{"class":458},[49,91806,36079],{"class":55},[49,91808,91809,91811],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,91810,1223],{"class":458},[49,91812,36086],{"class":55},[49,91814,91815,91817],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,91816,312],{"class":458},[49,91818,36093],{"class":55},[20,91820,91821,91822,91826],{},"This works, and it uses ",[820,91823,91824],{"href":42258},[15,91825,42261],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91828,91829],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[40,91831,91833],{"className":42,"code":91832,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91834,91835,91867,91871,91883],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91836,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91863,91865],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91838,7687],{"class":55},[49,91840,60],{"class":59},[49,91842,3530],{"class":85},[49,91844,95],{"class":63},[49,91846,820],{"class":67},[49,91848,95],{"class":63},[49,91850,341],{"class":85},[49,91852,64],{"class":63},[49,91854,4667],{"class":67},[49,91856,95],{"class":63},[49,91858,341],{"class":85},[49,91860,64],{"class":63},[49,91862,9646],{"class":67},[49,91864,95],{"class":63},[49,91866,1244],{"class":85},[49,91868,91869],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,91870,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,91872,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,91874,5865],{"class":1210},[49,91876,5868],{"class":55},[49,91878,3788],{"class":1210},[49,91880,5873],{"class":55},[49,91882,1226],{"class":85},[49,91884,91885,91887,91889,91891],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,91886,1273],{"class":109},[49,91888,92],{"class":85},[49,91890,23220],{"class":88},[49,91892,103],{"class":85},[20,91894,36497,91895,91900],{},[820,91896,91898],{"href":91897},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91899,35655],{}," is usually a better choice:",[40,91902,91904],{"className":42,"code":91903,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91905,91906,91938,91942,91962],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,91907,91908,91910,91912,91914,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,91909,7687],{"class":55},[49,91911,60],{"class":59},[49,91913,3530],{"class":85},[49,91915,95],{"class":63},[49,91917,820],{"class":67},[49,91919,95],{"class":63},[49,91921,341],{"class":85},[49,91923,64],{"class":63},[49,91925,4667],{"class":67},[49,91927,95],{"class":63},[49,91929,341],{"class":85},[49,91931,64],{"class":63},[49,91933,9646],{"class":67},[49,91935,95],{"class":63},[49,91937,1244],{"class":85},[49,91939,91940],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,91941,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,91943,91944,91946,91948,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,91945,5865],{"class":1210},[49,91947,35727],{"class":55},[49,91949,341],{"class":85},[49,91951,5868],{"class":55},[49,91953,3788],{"class":1210},[49,91955,35737],{"class":109},[49,91957,92],{"class":85},[49,91959,7718],{"class":88},[49,91961,1396],{"class":85},[49,91963,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972,91974],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,91965,1273],{"class":109},[49,91967,92],{"class":85},[49,91969,1100],{"class":88},[49,91971,341],{"class":85},[49,91973,29412],{"class":88},[49,91975,103],{"class":85},[20,91977,78995,91978,32],{},[820,91979,36510,91980,36513],{"href":36509},[15,91981,35655],{},[181,91983,91985,91986,91988],{"id":91984},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91987,36102],{}," to a list",[20,91990,91991,91993],{},[15,91992,36102],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91995,91996,91997,1197],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91998,24691],{},[40,92000,92002],{"className":42,"code":92001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92003,92004],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92005,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92007,110],{"class":109},[49,92009,92],{"class":85},[49,92011,8002],{"class":2804},[49,92013,92],{"class":85},[49,92015,59894],{"class":109},[49,92017,92],{"class":85},[49,92019,1965],{"class":458},[49,92021,2815],{"class":85},[20,92023,1974],{},[40,92025,92027],{"className":42,"code":92026,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92028,92029],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92030,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041,92043],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92032,1256],{"class":85},[49,92034,516],{"class":458},[49,92036,341],{"class":85},[49,92038,1264],{"class":458},[49,92040,341],{"class":85},[49,92042,2896],{"class":458},[49,92044,1244],{"class":85},[20,92046,33219],{},[194,92048,92049,92054,92057],{},[197,92050,92051,92052,41985],{},"learning how ",[15,92053,36102],{},[197,92055,92056],{},"checking your values",[197,92058,92059],{},"debugging code",[20,92061,5379],{},[40,92063,92065],{"className":42,"code":92064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92066,92067,92081,92085,92095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92068,92069,92071,92073,92075,92077,92079],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92070,3525],{"class":55},[49,92072,60],{"class":59},[49,92074,53968],{"class":109},[49,92076,92],{"class":85},[49,92078,2407],{"class":458},[49,92080,103],{"class":85},[49,92082,92083],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,92084,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,92086,92087,92089,92091,92093],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,92088,110],{"class":109},[49,92090,92],{"class":85},[49,92092,3556],{"class":88},[49,92094,103],{"class":85},[49,92096,92097,92099,92101,92103,92105,92107],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,92098,110],{"class":109},[49,92100,92],{"class":85},[49,92102,8002],{"class":2804},[49,92104,92],{"class":85},[49,92106,3556],{"class":88},[49,92108,1581],{"class":85},[20,92110,1974],{},[40,92112,92114],{"className":42,"code":92113,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92115,92116,92130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92117,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92119,59894],{"class":109},[49,92121,92],{"class":85},[49,92123,516],{"class":458},[49,92125,341],{"class":85},[49,92127,808],{"class":458},[49,92129,103],{"class":85},[49,92131,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,92133,1256],{"class":85},[49,92135,516],{"class":458},[49,92137,341],{"class":85},[49,92139,1264],{"class":458},[49,92141,341],{"class":85},[49,92143,2896],{"class":458},[49,92145,341],{"class":85},[49,92147,2354],{"class":458},[49,92149,1244],{"class":85},[20,92151,92152,92153,983,92155,92158],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92154,59894],{},[15,92156,92157],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[181,92160,4425],{"id":4424},[20,92162,33448,92163,32],{},[15,92164,36102],{},[353,92166,92168],{"id":92167},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92170,92171],{},"Many beginners think this:",[40,92173,92175],{"className":42,"code":92174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92176,92177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92178,92179,92181,92183,92185,92187,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92180,110],{"class":109},[49,92182,92],{"class":85},[49,92184,8002],{"class":2804},[49,92186,92],{"class":85},[49,92188,59894],{"class":109},[49,92190,92],{"class":85},[49,92192,1223],{"class":458},[49,92194,341],{"class":85},[49,92196,459],{"class":458},[49,92198,2815],{"class":85},[20,92200,92201],{},"will produce:",[40,92203,92205],{"className":42,"code":92204,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92206,92207],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92208,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92210,1256],{"class":85},[49,92212,1223],{"class":458},[49,92214,341],{"class":85},[49,92216,2896],{"class":458},[49,92218,341],{"class":85},[49,92220,2354],{"class":458},[49,92222,341],{"class":85},[49,92224,808],{"class":458},[49,92226,341],{"class":85},[49,92228,459],{"class":458},[49,92230,1244],{"class":85},[20,92232,92233],{},"But the real output is:",[40,92235,92236],{"className":42,"code":53403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92237,92238],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92239,92240,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92241,1256],{"class":85},[49,92243,1223],{"class":458},[49,92245,341],{"class":85},[49,92247,2896],{"class":458},[49,92249,341],{"class":85},[49,92251,2354],{"class":458},[49,92253,341],{"class":85},[49,92255,808],{"class":458},[49,92257,1244],{"class":85},[20,92259,92260],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[353,92262,1347,92264,92266,92267],{"id":92263},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92265,90728],{}," starts at ",[15,92268,1223],{},[20,92270,37372,92271,18874,92273,32],{},[15,92272,516],{},[15,92274,1223],{},[40,92276,92277],{"className":42,"code":90921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92278,92279],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92280,92281,92283,92285,92287,92289,92291,92293,92295],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92282,110],{"class":109},[49,92284,92],{"class":85},[49,92286,8002],{"class":2804},[49,92288,92],{"class":85},[49,92290,59894],{"class":109},[49,92292,92],{"class":85},[49,92294,2040],{"class":458},[49,92296,2815],{"class":85},[20,92298,1974],{},[40,92300,92301],{"className":42,"code":59917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92302,92303],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92304,92305,92307,92309,92311,92313,92315,92317,92319,92321,92323,92325],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92306,1256],{"class":85},[49,92308,516],{"class":458},[49,92310,341],{"class":85},[49,92312,1264],{"class":458},[49,92314,341],{"class":85},[49,92316,2896],{"class":458},[49,92318,341],{"class":85},[49,92320,2354],{"class":458},[49,92322,341],{"class":85},[49,92324,808],{"class":458},[49,92326,1244],{"class":85},[353,92328,92330],{"id":92329},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92332,92333,92334,1197],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92335,2861],{},[40,92337,92339],{"className":42,"code":92338,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92340,92341,92360,92364,92381],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92342,92343,92346,92348,92350,92352,92354,92356,92358],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92344,92345],{"class":55},"user_number ",[49,92347,60],{"class":59},[49,92349,8151],{"class":109},[49,92351,92],{"class":85},[49,92353,95],{"class":63},[49,92355,41771],{"class":67},[49,92357,95],{"class":63},[49,92359,103],{"class":85},[49,92361,92362],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,92363,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,92365,92366,92368,92370,92372,92374,92376,92379],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,92367,5865],{"class":1210},[49,92369,69430],{"class":55},[49,92371,3788],{"class":1210},[49,92373,53968],{"class":109},[49,92375,92],{"class":85},[49,92377,92378],{"class":88},"user_number",[49,92380,1396],{"class":85},[49,92382,92383,92385,92387,92389],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,92384,1273],{"class":109},[49,92386,92],{"class":85},[49,92388,36058],{"class":88},[49,92390,103],{"class":85},[20,92392,48410,92393,92395],{},[15,92394,2861],{}," returns a string.",[20,92397,10714],{},[40,92399,92401],{"className":42,"code":92400,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92402,92403,92425,92429,92445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92404,92405,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92406,92345],{"class":55},[49,92408,60],{"class":59},[49,92410,45176],{"class":2804},[49,92412,92],{"class":85},[49,92414,42363],{"class":109},[49,92416,92],{"class":85},[49,92418,95],{"class":63},[49,92420,41771],{"class":67},[49,92422,95],{"class":63},[49,92424,1581],{"class":85},[49,92426,92427],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,92428,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,92430,92431,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441,92443],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,92432,5865],{"class":1210},[49,92434,69430],{"class":55},[49,92436,3788],{"class":1210},[49,92438,53968],{"class":109},[49,92440,92],{"class":85},[49,92442,92378],{"class":88},[49,92444,1396],{"class":85},[49,92446,92447,92449,92451,92453],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,92448,1273],{"class":109},[49,92450,92],{"class":85},[49,92452,36058],{"class":88},[49,92454,103],{"class":85},[20,92456,92457,92458,32],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[820,92459,50424,92460],{"href":50423},[15,92461,50427],{},[353,92463,92465,92466,92468,92469],{"id":92464},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92467,368],{}," smaller than ",[15,92470,75305],{},[20,92472,92473],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[40,92475,92476],{"className":42,"code":91403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92477,92478],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92479,92480,92482,92484,92486,92488,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500,92502,92504],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92481,110],{"class":109},[49,92483,92],{"class":85},[49,92485,8002],{"class":2804},[49,92487,92],{"class":85},[49,92489,59894],{"class":109},[49,92491,92],{"class":85},[49,92493,1223],{"class":458},[49,92495,341],{"class":85},[49,92497,459],{"class":458},[49,92499,341],{"class":85},[49,92501,1220],{"class":59},[49,92503,1223],{"class":458},[49,92505,2815],{"class":85},[20,92507,1974],{},[40,92509,92510],{"className":42,"code":38200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92511,92512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92513,92514],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92515,38200],{"class":85},[20,92517,92518],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[353,92520,25527,92522],{"id":92521},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92523,92524],{},"step = 0",[20,92526,77446],{},[40,92528,92530],{"className":42,"code":92529,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92531,92532],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92533,92534,92536,92538,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92535,59894],{"class":109},[49,92537,92],{"class":85},[49,92539,1223],{"class":458},[49,92541,341],{"class":85},[49,92543,5911],{"class":458},[49,92545,341],{"class":85},[49,92547,770],{"class":458},[49,92549,103],{"class":85},[20,92551,92552],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[353,92554,4610,92556,92558],{"id":92555},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92557,36102],{}," is not a list",[20,92560,92561],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[40,92563,92565],{"className":42,"code":92564,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92566,92567],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92568,92569,92571,92573,92575,92577,92579],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92570,110],{"class":109},[49,92572,92],{"class":85},[49,92574,59894],{"class":109},[49,92576,92],{"class":85},[49,92578,2040],{"class":458},[49,92580,1581],{"class":85},[20,92582,1974],{},[40,92584,92586],{"className":42,"code":92585,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92587,92588],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92589,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92591,59894],{"class":109},[49,92593,92],{"class":85},[49,92595,516],{"class":458},[49,92597,341],{"class":85},[49,92599,459],{"class":458},[49,92601,103],{"class":85},[20,92603,92604],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[40,92606,92607],{"className":42,"code":90921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92608,92609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92610,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621,92623,92625],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92612,110],{"class":109},[49,92614,92],{"class":85},[49,92616,8002],{"class":2804},[49,92618,92],{"class":85},[49,92620,59894],{"class":109},[49,92622,92],{"class":85},[49,92624,2040],{"class":458},[49,92626,2815],{"class":85},[20,92628,1974],{},[40,92630,92631],{"className":42,"code":59917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,92632,92633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92634,92635,92637,92639,92641,92643,92645,92647,92649,92651,92653,92655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92636,1256],{"class":85},[49,92638,516],{"class":458},[49,92640,341],{"class":85},[49,92642,1264],{"class":458},[49,92644,341],{"class":85},[49,92646,2896],{"class":458},[49,92648,341],{"class":85},[49,92650,2354],{"class":458},[49,92652,341],{"class":85},[49,92654,808],{"class":458},[49,92656,1244],{"class":85},[181,92658,92660],{"id":92659},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92662,8780,92663,82216],{},[15,92664,36102],{},[40,92666,92668],{"className":42,"code":92667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92669,92670,92684,92702,92724,92752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,92671,92672,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,92673,110],{"class":109},[49,92675,92],{"class":85},[49,92677,59894],{"class":109},[49,92679,92],{"class":85},[49,92681,2040],{"class":458},[49,92683,1581],{"class":85},[49,92685,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,92687,110],{"class":109},[49,92689,92],{"class":85},[49,92691,8002],{"class":2804},[49,92693,92],{"class":85},[49,92695,59894],{"class":109},[49,92697,92],{"class":85},[49,92699,2040],{"class":458},[49,92701,2815],{"class":85},[49,92703,92704,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,92705,110],{"class":109},[49,92707,92],{"class":85},[49,92709,8002],{"class":2804},[49,92711,92],{"class":85},[49,92713,59894],{"class":109},[49,92715,92],{"class":85},[49,92717,312],{"class":458},[49,92719,341],{"class":85},[49,92721,6267],{"class":458},[49,92723,2815],{"class":85},[49,92725,92726,92728,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748,92750],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,92727,110],{"class":109},[49,92729,92],{"class":85},[49,92731,8002],{"class":2804},[49,92733,92],{"class":85},[49,92735,59894],{"class":109},[49,92737,92],{"class":85},[49,92739,2233],{"class":458},[49,92741,341],{"class":85},[49,92743,770],{"class":458},[49,92745,341],{"class":85},[49,92747,1220],{"class":59},[49,92749,312],{"class":458},[49,92751,2815],{"class":85},[49,92753,92754,92756,92758,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,92755,110],{"class":109},[49,92757,92],{"class":85},[49,92759,3127],{"class":2804},[49,92761,92],{"class":85},[49,92763,59894],{"class":109},[49,92765,92],{"class":85},[49,92767,2040],{"class":458},[49,92769,2815],{"class":85},[20,92771,25918],{},[194,92773,92774,92777,92780],{},[197,92775,92776],{},"what values are being created",[197,92778,92779],{},"whether the direction is correct",[197,92781,92782,92783,24527],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92784,59894],{},[181,92786,1704],{"id":1703},[353,92788,1720,92790,92792],{"id":92789},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92791,36102],{}," include the last number?",[20,92794,92795],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[353,92797,5065,92799,92801,92802,2394],{"id":92798},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92800,90728],{}," start at ",[15,92803,516],{},[20,92805,92806,92807,32],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92808,516],{},[353,92810,5077,92812,92814],{"id":92811},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92813,36102],{}," count backward?",[20,92816,92817,92818,32],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92819,92820],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[353,92822,14813,92824,25953],{"id":92823},"is-range-a-list",[15,92825,36102],{},[20,92827,25956,92828,92830,92831,23848],{},[15,92829,59894],{}," object. Use ",[15,92832,92833],{},"list(range(...))",[353,92835,5065,92837,48584],{"id":92836},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92838,92839],{},"range(input())",[20,92841,92842,3390,92844,32],{},[15,92843,2861],{},[15,92845,92846],{},"int(input())",[181,92848,1775],{"id":1774},[194,92850,92851,92855,92861,92867,92873],{},[197,92852,92853],{},[820,92854,35934],{"href":35933},[197,92856,92857],{},[820,92858,3482,92859,3415],{"href":42258},[15,92860,42261],{},[197,92862,92863],{},[820,92864,3482,92865,3415],{"href":91897},[15,92866,35655],{},[197,92868,92869],{},[820,92870,37423,92871,36513],{"href":36509},[15,92872,35655],{},[197,92874,92875],{},[820,92876,50424,92877],{"href":50423},[15,92878,50427],{},[1834,92880,92881],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":92883},[92884,92885,92887,92893,92901,92908,92910,92922,92923,92935],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":90737,"depth":74,"text":92886},"What range() does",{"id":90830,"depth":74,"text":92888,"children":92889},"range() syntax",[92890,92891,92892],{"id":90910,"depth":106,"text":90913},{"id":90974,"depth":106,"text":90977},{"id":91042,"depth":106,"text":91045},{"id":91113,"depth":74,"text":91114,"children":92894},[92895,92896,92897,92898,92899],{"id":91120,"depth":106,"text":90728},{"id":91183,"depth":106,"text":91186},{"id":91247,"depth":106,"text":91250},{"id":91323,"depth":106,"text":91324},{"id":76690,"depth":106,"text":92900},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91482,"depth":74,"text":92902,"children":92903},"Using range() in a for loop",[92904,92905,92906],{"id":91584,"depth":106,"text":91585},{"id":91629,"depth":106,"text":91630},{"id":91709,"depth":106,"text":92907},"range() and indexing",{"id":91984,"depth":74,"text":92909},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":92911},[92912,92913,92915,92916,92918,92920],{"id":92167,"depth":106,"text":92168},{"id":92263,"depth":106,"text":92914},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92329,"depth":106,"text":92330},{"id":92464,"depth":106,"text":92917},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92521,"depth":106,"text":92919},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92555,"depth":106,"text":92921},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92659,"depth":74,"text":92660},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":92924},[92925,92927,92929,92931,92933],{"id":92789,"depth":106,"text":92926},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92798,"depth":106,"text":92928},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92811,"depth":106,"text":92930},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92823,"depth":106,"text":92932},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92836,"depth":106,"text":92934},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90631,"description":92936},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92943,"title":92944,"body":92945,"description":94618,"extension":1866,"meta":94619,"navigation":128,"path":94620,"seo":94621,"stem":94622,"__hash__":94623},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92946,"toc":94591},[92947,92956,92963,92980,92996,92998,93047,93055,93059,93062,93082,93084,93148,93150,93193,93196,93242,93244,93277,93287,93293,93301,93318,93320,93351,93353,93378,93383,93394,93397,93467,93469,93500,93505,93510,93527,93529,93580,93582,93615,93618,93625,93630,93634,93650,93652,93696,93698,93744,93747,93760,93765,93769,93783,93785,93836,93838,93871,93876,93878,93885,93887,93910,93912,93977,93979,93996,93999,94032,94034,94062,94072,94079,94083,94086,94104,94107,94135,94138,94156,94161,94167,94170,94192,94194,94222,94224,94227,94252,94255,94368,94370,94449,94451,94457,94462,94470,94478,94482,94485,94487,94520,94522,94530,94536,94543,94550,94553,94555,94588],[10,92948,3482,92950,983,92952,92955],{"id":92949},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92951,36102],{},[15,92953,92954],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92957,92958,380,92960,92962],{},[15,92959,36102],{},[15,92961,92954],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[194,92964,92965,92973],{},[197,92966,92967,92969,92970],{},[15,92968,36102],{}," creates a ",[666,92971,92972],{},"range object",[197,92974,92975,92969,92977],{},[15,92976,92954],{},[666,92978,92979],{},"real list",[20,92981,92982,92983,92985,92986,92989,92990,92992,92993,92995],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92984,90728],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92987,92988],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92991,36102],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92994,92954],{}," when you actually need a list.",[181,92997,3515],{"id":3514},[40,92999,93001],{"className":42,"code":93000,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93002,93003,93017,93030],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93004,93005,93007,93009,93011,93013,93015],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93006,3525],{"class":55},[49,93008,60],{"class":59},[49,93010,53968],{"class":109},[49,93012,92],{"class":85},[49,93014,2040],{"class":458},[49,93016,103],{"class":85},[49,93018,93019,93021,93023,93025,93027],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93020,110],{"class":109},[49,93022,92],{"class":85},[49,93024,3556],{"class":88},[49,93026,118],{"class":85},[49,93028,93029],{"class":121},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[49,93031,93032,93034,93036,93038,93040,93042,93044],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93033,110],{"class":109},[49,93035,92],{"class":85},[49,93037,8002],{"class":2804},[49,93039,92],{"class":85},[49,93041,3556],{"class":88},[49,93043,261],{"class":85},[49,93045,93046],{"class":121},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93048,35,93049,93051,93052,93054],{},[15,93050,36102],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93053,92954],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[181,93056,93058],{"id":93057},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93060,93061],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[194,93063,93064,93071,93076,93079],{},[197,93065,93066,21885,93068,93070],{},[15,93067,36102],{},[666,93069,92972],{},", not a list",[197,93072,93073,93075],{},[15,93074,92954],{}," converts that range object into a list",[197,93077,93078],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[197,93080,93081],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93083,214],{},[40,93085,93087],{"className":42,"code":93086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93088,93089,93104,93123,93127,93137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93090,93091,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93092,93093],{"class":55},"r ",[49,93095,60],{"class":59},[49,93097,53968],{"class":109},[49,93099,92],{"class":85},[49,93101,2040],{"class":458},[49,93103,103],{"class":85},[49,93105,93106,93109,93111,93113,93115,93117,93119,93121],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93107,93108],{"class":55},"lst ",[49,93110,60],{"class":59},[49,93112,22469],{"class":2804},[49,93114,92],{"class":85},[49,93116,59894],{"class":109},[49,93118,92],{"class":85},[49,93120,2040],{"class":458},[49,93122,1581],{"class":85},[49,93124,93125],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93126,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,93128,93129,93131,93133,93135],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,93130,110],{"class":109},[49,93132,92],{"class":85},[49,93134,60398],{"class":88},[49,93136,103],{"class":85},[49,93138,93139,93141,93143,93146],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,93140,110],{"class":109},[49,93142,92],{"class":85},[49,93144,93145],{"class":88},"lst",[49,93147,103],{"class":85},[20,93149,1974],{},[40,93151,93153],{"className":42,"code":93152,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93154,93155,93169],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93156,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165,93167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93158,59894],{"class":109},[49,93160,92],{"class":85},[49,93162,516],{"class":458},[49,93164,341],{"class":85},[49,93166,459],{"class":458},[49,93168,103],{"class":85},[49,93170,93171,93173,93175,93177,93179,93181,93183,93185,93187,93189,93191],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93172,1256],{"class":85},[49,93174,516],{"class":458},[49,93176,341],{"class":85},[49,93178,1264],{"class":458},[49,93180,341],{"class":85},[49,93182,2896],{"class":458},[49,93184,341],{"class":85},[49,93186,2354],{"class":458},[49,93188,341],{"class":85},[49,93190,808],{"class":458},[49,93192,1244],{"class":85},[20,93194,93195],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[40,93197,93199],{"className":42,"code":93198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93200,93201,93219],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93202,93203,93205,93207,93209,93211,93213,93215,93217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93204,110],{"class":109},[49,93206,92],{"class":85},[49,93208,3127],{"class":2804},[49,93210,92],{"class":85},[49,93212,59894],{"class":109},[49,93214,92],{"class":85},[49,93216,2040],{"class":458},[49,93218,2815],{"class":85},[49,93220,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231,93233,93235,93237,93239],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93222,110],{"class":109},[49,93224,92],{"class":85},[49,93226,3127],{"class":2804},[49,93228,92],{"class":85},[49,93230,8002],{"class":2804},[49,93232,92],{"class":85},[49,93234,59894],{"class":109},[49,93236,92],{"class":85},[49,93238,2040],{"class":458},[49,93240,93241],{"class":85},"))))\n",[20,93243,1974],{},[40,93245,93247],{"className":42,"code":93246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93248,93249,93263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93250,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259,93261],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93252,3196],{"class":59},[49,93254,3199],{"class":1968},[49,93256,3202],{"class":63},[49,93258,59894],{"class":67},[49,93260,1573],{"class":63},[49,93262,3209],{"class":59},[49,93264,93265,93267,93269,93271,93273,93275],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93266,3196],{"class":59},[49,93268,3199],{"class":1968},[49,93270,3202],{"class":63},[49,93272,8002],{"class":67},[49,93274,1573],{"class":63},[49,93276,3209],{"class":59},[20,93278,93279,93280,93282,93283,32],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93281,36102],{}," works, see ",[820,93284,3482,93285,3415],{"href":92938},[15,93286,36102],{},[181,93288,184,93290,93292],{"id":93289},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93291,36102],{}," gives you",[20,93294,93295,93297,93298,93300],{},[15,93296,36102],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93299,5865],{}," loops.",[194,93302,93303,93306,93309,93312],{},[197,93304,93305],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[197,93307,93308],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[197,93310,93311],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[197,93313,93314,93315],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93316,93317],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93319,214],{},[40,93321,93323],{"className":42,"code":93322,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93324,93325,93341],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93326,93327,93329,93331,93333,93335,93337,93339],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93328,5865],{"class":1210},[49,93330,69430],{"class":55},[49,93332,3788],{"class":1210},[49,93334,53968],{"class":109},[49,93336,92],{"class":85},[49,93338,2040],{"class":458},[49,93340,1396],{"class":85},[49,93342,93343,93345,93347,93349],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93344,1273],{"class":109},[49,93346,92],{"class":85},[49,93348,36058],{"class":88},[49,93350,103],{"class":85},[20,93352,1974],{},[40,93354,93356],{"className":42,"code":93355,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93357,93358,93362,93366,93370,93374],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93359,93360],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93361,47151],{"class":458},[49,93363,93364],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93365,46816],{"class":458},[49,93367,93368],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93369,16968],{"class":458},[49,93371,93372],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,93373,46516],{"class":458},[49,93375,93376],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,93377,48550],{"class":458},[20,93379,305,93380,93382],{},[15,93381,90728],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93384,93385,93386,93388,93389,32],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93387,36102],{}," is so common with ",[820,93390,3482,93392,90759],{"href":93391},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93393,5865],{},[20,93395,93396],{},"You can also inspect it:",[40,93398,93400],{"className":42,"code":93399,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93401,93402,93424,93428,93438,93452],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93403,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416,93418,93420,93422],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93405,93093],{"class":55},[49,93407,60],{"class":59},[49,93409,53968],{"class":109},[49,93411,92],{"class":85},[49,93413,312],{"class":458},[49,93415,341],{"class":85},[49,93417,5911],{"class":458},[49,93419,341],{"class":85},[49,93421,2896],{"class":458},[49,93423,103],{"class":85},[49,93425,93426],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93427,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,93429,93430,93432,93434,93436],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93431,110],{"class":109},[49,93433,92],{"class":85},[49,93435,60398],{"class":88},[49,93437,103],{"class":85},[49,93439,93440,93442,93444,93446,93448,93450],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,93441,110],{"class":109},[49,93443,92],{"class":85},[49,93445,1631],{"class":109},[49,93447,92],{"class":85},[49,93449,60398],{"class":88},[49,93451,1581],{"class":85},[49,93453,93454,93456,93458,93460,93462,93465],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,93455,110],{"class":109},[49,93457,92],{"class":85},[49,93459,80470],{"class":458},[49,93461,21083],{"class":1210},[49,93463,93464],{"class":88}," r",[49,93466,103],{"class":85},[20,93468,1974],{},[40,93470,93472],{"className":42,"code":93471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93473,93474,93492,93496],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93475,93476,93478,93480,93482,93484,93486,93488,93490],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93477,59894],{"class":109},[49,93479,92],{"class":85},[49,93481,312],{"class":458},[49,93483,341],{"class":85},[49,93485,5911],{"class":458},[49,93487,341],{"class":85},[49,93489,2896],{"class":458},[49,93491,103],{"class":85},[49,93493,93494],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93495,48550],{"class":458},[49,93497,93498],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93499,3885],{"class":3757},[181,93501,184,93503,93292],{"id":93502},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93504,92954],{},[20,93506,93507,93509],{},[15,93508,92954],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[194,93511,93512,93515,93518,93521],{},[197,93513,93514],{},"It creates all values at once",[197,93516,93517],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[197,93519,93520],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[197,93522,93523,93524,93526],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93525,36102],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93528,214],{},[40,93530,93532],{"className":42,"code":93531,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93533,93534,93552,93556,93566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93535,93536,93538,93540,93542,93544,93546,93548,93550],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93537,3525],{"class":55},[49,93539,60],{"class":59},[49,93541,22469],{"class":2804},[49,93543,92],{"class":85},[49,93545,59894],{"class":109},[49,93547,92],{"class":85},[49,93549,2040],{"class":458},[49,93551,1581],{"class":85},[49,93553,93554],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93555,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,93557,93558,93560,93562,93564],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93559,110],{"class":109},[49,93561,92],{"class":85},[49,93563,3556],{"class":88},[49,93565,103],{"class":85},[49,93567,93568,93570,93572,93574,93576,93578],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,93569,110],{"class":109},[49,93571,92],{"class":85},[49,93573,3556],{"class":88},[49,93575,1256],{"class":85},[49,93577,312],{"class":458},[49,93579,3794],{"class":85},[20,93581,1974],{},[40,93583,93585],{"className":42,"code":93584,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93586,93587,93611],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93588,93589,93591,93593,93595,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93590,1256],{"class":85},[49,93592,516],{"class":458},[49,93594,341],{"class":85},[49,93596,1264],{"class":458},[49,93598,341],{"class":85},[49,93600,2896],{"class":458},[49,93602,341],{"class":85},[49,93604,2354],{"class":458},[49,93606,341],{"class":85},[49,93608,808],{"class":458},[49,93610,1244],{"class":85},[49,93612,93613],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93614,16968],{"class":458},[20,93616,93617],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93619,93620,93621,32],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[820,93622,3482,93623,3415],{"href":64737},[15,93624,24691],{},[181,93626,4868,93628],{"id":93627},"when-to-use-range",[15,93629,36102],{},[20,93631,35,93632,10508],{},[15,93633,36102],{},[194,93635,93636,93641,93644,93647],{},[197,93637,93638,93639,91488],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93640,5865],{},[197,93642,93643],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[197,93645,93646],{},"You are working with large sequences",[197,93648,93649],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93651,214],{},[40,93653,93655],{"className":42,"code":93654,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93656,93657,93677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93658,93659,93661,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93660,5865],{"class":1210},[49,93662,69430],{"class":55},[49,93664,3788],{"class":1210},[49,93666,53968],{"class":109},[49,93668,92],{"class":85},[49,93670,1223],{"class":458},[49,93672,341],{"class":85},[49,93674,37548],{"class":458},[49,93676,1396],{"class":85},[49,93678,93679,93681,93683,93685,93688,93690,93692,93694],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93680,1273],{"class":109},[49,93682,92],{"class":85},[49,93684,95],{"class":63},[49,93686,93687],{"class":67},"Count:",[49,93689,95],{"class":63},[49,93691,341],{"class":85},[49,93693,36033],{"class":88},[49,93695,103],{"class":85},[20,93697,1974],{},[40,93699,93701],{"className":42,"code":93700,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93702,93703,93712,93720,93728,93736],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93704,93705,93708,93710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93706,93707],{"class":55},"Count",[49,93709,1197],{"class":85},[49,93711,29520],{"class":458},[49,93713,93714,93716,93718],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93715,93707],{"class":55},[49,93717,1197],{"class":85},[49,93719,45489],{"class":458},[49,93721,93722,93724,93726],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93723,93707],{"class":55},[49,93725,1197],{"class":85},[49,93727,2480],{"class":458},[49,93729,93730,93732,93734],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,93731,93707],{"class":55},[49,93733,1197],{"class":85},[49,93735,23573],{"class":458},[49,93737,93738,93740,93742],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,93739,93707],{"class":55},[49,93741,1197],{"class":85},[49,93743,34749],{"class":458},[20,93745,93746],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93748,93749,93750,93752,93753,62178,93755,32],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93751,35655],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93754,36503],{},[820,93756,36510,93758,36513],{"href":93757},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93759,35655],{},[181,93761,4868,93763],{"id":93762},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93764,92954],{},[20,93766,35,93767,10508],{},[15,93768,92954],{},[194,93770,93771,93774,93777,93780],{},[197,93772,93773],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[197,93775,93776],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[197,93778,93779],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[197,93781,93782],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93784,214],{},[40,93786,93788],{"className":42,"code":93787,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93789,93790,93808,93822,93826],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93791,93792,93794,93796,93798,93800,93802,93804,93806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93793,3525],{"class":55},[49,93795,60],{"class":59},[49,93797,22469],{"class":2804},[49,93799,92],{"class":85},[49,93801,59894],{"class":109},[49,93803,92],{"class":85},[49,93805,2040],{"class":458},[49,93807,1581],{"class":85},[49,93809,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818,93820],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93811,3556],{"class":55},[49,93813,32],{"class":85},[49,93815,13462],{"class":88},[49,93817,92],{"class":85},[49,93819,2040],{"class":458},[49,93821,103],{"class":85},[49,93823,93824],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93825,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,93827,93828,93830,93832,93834],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,93829,110],{"class":109},[49,93831,92],{"class":85},[49,93833,3556],{"class":88},[49,93835,103],{"class":85},[20,93837,1974],{},[40,93839,93841],{"className":42,"code":93840,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93842,93843],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93844,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93846,1256],{"class":85},[49,93848,516],{"class":458},[49,93850,341],{"class":85},[49,93852,1264],{"class":458},[49,93854,341],{"class":85},[49,93856,2896],{"class":458},[49,93858,341],{"class":85},[49,93860,2354],{"class":458},[49,93862,341],{"class":85},[49,93864,808],{"class":458},[49,93866,341],{"class":85},[49,93868,459],{"class":458},[49,93870,1244],{"class":85},[20,93872,5967,93873,93875],{},[15,93874,3556],{}," is a list.",[181,93877,15507],{"id":15506},[20,93879,93880,93882,93883,32],{},[15,93881,36102],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[666,93884,37502],{},[20,93886,2011],{},[194,93888,93889,93891,93896,93901,93904],{},[197,93890,21895],{},[197,93892,93893,93894],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93895,42261],{},[197,93897,93898,93899],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93900,3788],{},[197,93902,93903],{},"You can index it",[197,93905,93906,93907,93909],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93908,52551],{}," do not work on it",[20,93911,214],{},[40,93913,93915],{"className":42,"code":93914,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93916,93917,93931,93935,93949,93963],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93918,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927,93929],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93920,93093],{"class":55},[49,93922,60],{"class":59},[49,93924,53968],{"class":109},[49,93926,92],{"class":85},[49,93928,2040],{"class":458},[49,93930,103],{"class":85},[49,93932,93933],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93934,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,93936,93937,93939,93941,93943,93945,93947],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93938,110],{"class":109},[49,93940,92],{"class":85},[49,93942,60398],{"class":88},[49,93944,1256],{"class":85},[49,93946,312],{"class":458},[49,93948,3794],{"class":85},[49,93950,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,93952,110],{"class":109},[49,93954,92],{"class":85},[49,93956,1631],{"class":109},[49,93958,92],{"class":85},[49,93960,60398],{"class":88},[49,93962,1581],{"class":85},[49,93964,93965,93967,93969,93971,93973,93975],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,93966,110],{"class":109},[49,93968,92],{"class":85},[49,93970,1965],{"class":458},[49,93972,21083],{"class":1210},[49,93974,93464],{"class":88},[49,93976,103],{"class":85},[20,93978,1974],{},[40,93980,93982],{"className":42,"code":93981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93983,93984,93988,93992],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,93985,93986],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,93987,16968],{"class":458},[49,93989,93990],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,93991,2850],{"class":458},[49,93993,93994],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,93995,3885],{"class":3757},[20,93997,93998],{},"Now compare that with this:",[40,94000,94002],{"className":42,"code":94001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94003,94004,94018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94005,94006,94008,94010,94012,94014,94016],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94007,93093],{"class":55},[49,94009,60],{"class":59},[49,94011,53968],{"class":109},[49,94013,92],{"class":85},[49,94015,2040],{"class":458},[49,94017,103],{"class":85},[49,94019,94020,94022,94024,94026,94028,94030],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94021,60398],{"class":55},[49,94023,32],{"class":85},[49,94025,13462],{"class":88},[49,94027,92],{"class":85},[49,94029,2040],{"class":458},[49,94031,103],{"class":85},[20,94033,1974],{},[40,94035,94037],{"className":42,"code":94036,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94038,94039],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94040,94041,94043,94045,94047,94049,94051,94053,94056,94058,94060],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94042,25582],{"class":2804},[49,94044,1197],{"class":85},[49,94046,3202],{"class":63},[49,94048,59894],{"class":67},[49,94050,1573],{"class":63},[49,94052,24527],{"class":2804},[49,94054,94055],{"class":55}," has no attribute ",[49,94057,1573],{"class":63},[49,94059,13462],{"class":67},[49,94061,29605],{"class":63},[20,94063,94064,94065,2091,94067,2095,94069,94071],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94066,52551],{},[15,94068,55426],{},[15,94070,64202],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94073,94074,94075,32],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[820,94076,1129,94077],{"href":35325},[15,94078,34163],{},[181,94080,94082],{"id":94081},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94084,94085],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[40,94087,94088],{"className":42,"code":92564,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,94089,94090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94091,94092,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94093,110],{"class":109},[49,94095,92],{"class":85},[49,94097,59894],{"class":109},[49,94099,92],{"class":85},[49,94101,2040],{"class":458},[49,94103,1581],{"class":85},[20,94105,94106],{},"to show:",[40,94108,94109],{"className":42,"code":59917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,94110,94111],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94112,94113,94115,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127,94129,94131,94133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94114,1256],{"class":85},[49,94116,516],{"class":458},[49,94118,341],{"class":85},[49,94120,1264],{"class":458},[49,94122,341],{"class":85},[49,94124,2896],{"class":458},[49,94126,341],{"class":85},[49,94128,2354],{"class":458},[49,94130,341],{"class":85},[49,94132,808],{"class":458},[49,94134,1244],{"class":85},[20,94136,94137],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[40,94139,94140],{"className":42,"code":92585,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,94141,94142],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94143,94144,94146,94148,94150,94152,94154],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94145,59894],{"class":109},[49,94147,92],{"class":85},[49,94149,516],{"class":458},[49,94151,341],{"class":85},[49,94153,459],{"class":458},[49,94155,103],{"class":85},[20,94157,4533,94158,94160],{},[666,94159,4536],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94162,94163,94164,94166],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[666,94165,92972],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94168,94169],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[40,94171,94172],{"className":42,"code":90921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,94173,94174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94175,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184,94186,94188,94190],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94177,110],{"class":109},[49,94179,92],{"class":85},[49,94181,8002],{"class":2804},[49,94183,92],{"class":85},[49,94185,59894],{"class":109},[49,94187,92],{"class":85},[49,94189,2040],{"class":458},[49,94191,2815],{"class":85},[20,94193,1974],{},[40,94195,94196],{"className":42,"code":59917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,94197,94198],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94199,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94201,1256],{"class":85},[49,94203,516],{"class":458},[49,94205,341],{"class":85},[49,94207,1264],{"class":458},[49,94209,341],{"class":85},[49,94211,2896],{"class":458},[49,94213,341],{"class":85},[49,94215,2354],{"class":458},[49,94217,341],{"class":85},[49,94219,808],{"class":458},[49,94221,1244],{"class":85},[181,94223,1308],{"id":1307},[20,94225,94226],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[194,94228,94229,94235,94238,94244],{},[197,94230,644,94231,94234],{},[15,94232,94233],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[197,94236,94237],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[197,94239,94240,94241,94243],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94242,36102],{}," is iterable but not a list",[197,94245,644,94246,94248,94249,94251],{},[15,94247,92954],{}," when plain ",[15,94250,36102],{}," would be simpler",[20,94253,94254],{},"These quick checks can help:",[40,94256,94258],{"className":42,"code":94257,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94259,94260,94274,94292,94310,94332,94350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94261,94262,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94263,110],{"class":109},[49,94265,92],{"class":85},[49,94267,59894],{"class":109},[49,94269,92],{"class":85},[49,94271,2040],{"class":458},[49,94273,1581],{"class":85},[49,94275,94276,94278,94280,94282,94284,94286,94288,94290],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94277,110],{"class":109},[49,94279,92],{"class":85},[49,94281,8002],{"class":2804},[49,94283,92],{"class":85},[49,94285,59894],{"class":109},[49,94287,92],{"class":85},[49,94289,2040],{"class":458},[49,94291,2815],{"class":85},[49,94293,94294,94296,94298,94300,94302,94304,94306,94308],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,94295,110],{"class":109},[49,94297,92],{"class":85},[49,94299,3127],{"class":2804},[49,94301,92],{"class":85},[49,94303,59894],{"class":109},[49,94305,92],{"class":85},[49,94307,2040],{"class":458},[49,94309,2815],{"class":85},[49,94311,94312,94314,94316,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94328,94330],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,94313,110],{"class":109},[49,94315,92],{"class":85},[49,94317,3127],{"class":2804},[49,94319,92],{"class":85},[49,94321,8002],{"class":2804},[49,94323,92],{"class":85},[49,94325,59894],{"class":109},[49,94327,92],{"class":85},[49,94329,2040],{"class":458},[49,94331,93241],{"class":85},[49,94333,94334,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,94335,110],{"class":109},[49,94337,92],{"class":85},[49,94339,1965],{"class":458},[49,94341,21083],{"class":1210},[49,94343,53968],{"class":109},[49,94345,92],{"class":85},[49,94347,2040],{"class":458},[49,94349,1581],{"class":85},[49,94351,94352,94354,94356,94358,94360,94362,94364,94366],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,94353,110],{"class":109},[49,94355,92],{"class":85},[49,94357,1631],{"class":109},[49,94359,92],{"class":85},[49,94361,59894],{"class":109},[49,94363,92],{"class":85},[49,94365,2040],{"class":458},[49,94367,2815],{"class":85},[20,94369,1974],{},[40,94371,94373],{"className":42,"code":94372,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94374,94375,94389,94413,94427,94441,94445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94376,94377,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94378,59894],{"class":109},[49,94380,92],{"class":85},[49,94382,516],{"class":458},[49,94384,341],{"class":85},[49,94386,459],{"class":458},[49,94388,103],{"class":85},[49,94390,94391,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94392,1256],{"class":85},[49,94394,516],{"class":458},[49,94396,341],{"class":85},[49,94398,1264],{"class":458},[49,94400,341],{"class":85},[49,94402,2896],{"class":458},[49,94404,341],{"class":85},[49,94406,2354],{"class":458},[49,94408,341],{"class":85},[49,94410,808],{"class":458},[49,94412,1244],{"class":85},[49,94414,94415,94417,94419,94421,94423,94425],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,94416,3196],{"class":59},[49,94418,3199],{"class":1968},[49,94420,3202],{"class":63},[49,94422,59894],{"class":67},[49,94424,1573],{"class":63},[49,94426,3209],{"class":59},[49,94428,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,94430,3196],{"class":59},[49,94432,3199],{"class":1968},[49,94434,3202],{"class":63},[49,94436,8002],{"class":67},[49,94438,1573],{"class":63},[49,94440,3209],{"class":59},[49,94442,94443],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,94444,3885],{"class":3757},[49,94446,94447],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,94448,2850],{"class":458},[181,94450,1704],{"id":1703},[353,94452,14813,94454,94456],{"id":94453},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94455,36102],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94458,46264,94459,94461],{},[15,94460,36102],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[353,94463,94465,94466,10999,94468,2394],{"id":94464},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94467,36102],{},[15,94469,92954],{},[20,94471,94472,94474,94475,94477],{},[15,94473,36102],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94476,92954],{}," creates a full list.",[353,94479,94481],{"id":94480},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94483,94484],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94486,214],{},[40,94488,94490],{"className":42,"code":94489,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94491,94492,94506],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94493,94494,94496,94498,94500,94502,94504],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94495,93093],{"class":55},[49,94497,60],{"class":59},[49,94499,53968],{"class":109},[49,94501,92],{"class":85},[49,94503,2040],{"class":458},[49,94505,103],{"class":85},[49,94507,94508,94510,94512,94514,94516,94518],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94509,110],{"class":109},[49,94511,92],{"class":85},[49,94513,60398],{"class":88},[49,94515,1256],{"class":85},[49,94517,1223],{"class":458},[49,94519,3794],{"class":85},[20,94521,1974],{},[40,94523,94524],{"className":42,"code":46816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,94525,94526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94527,94528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94529,46816],{"class":458},[353,94531,5065,94533,94535],{"id":94532},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94534,94233],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94537,94538,94539,94542],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94540,94541],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[353,94544,94546,94547,94549],{"id":94545},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94548,36102],{}," to a list?",[20,94551,94552],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[181,94554,1775],{"id":1774},[194,94556,94557,94563,94569,94576,94582],{},[197,94558,94559],{},[820,94560,3482,94561,3415],{"href":92938},[15,94562,36102],{},[197,94564,94565],{},[820,94566,3482,94567,3415],{"href":64737},[15,94568,24691],{},[197,94570,94571],{},[820,94572,3482,94573,94575],{"href":93391},[15,94574,5865],{}," loops explained",[197,94577,94578],{},[820,94579,37423,94580,36513],{"href":93757},[15,94581,35655],{},[197,94583,94584],{},[820,94585,1830,94586],{"href":35325},[15,94587,34163],{},[1834,94589,94590],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":94592},[94593,94594,94595,94597,94599,94601,94603,94604,94605,94606,94617],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":93057,"depth":74,"text":93058},{"id":93289,"depth":74,"text":94596},"What range() gives you",{"id":93502,"depth":74,"text":94598},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93627,"depth":74,"text":94600},"When to use range()",{"id":93762,"depth":74,"text":94602},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15506,"depth":74,"text":15507},{"id":94081,"depth":74,"text":94082},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":94607},[94608,94610,94612,94613,94615],{"id":94453,"depth":106,"text":94609},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94464,"depth":106,"text":94611},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94480,"depth":106,"text":94481},{"id":94532,"depth":106,"text":94614},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94545,"depth":106,"text":94616},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92944,"description":94618},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94625,"title":94626,"body":94627,"description":96063,"extension":1866,"meta":96064,"navigation":128,"path":96065,"seo":96066,"stem":96067,"__hash__":96068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94628,"toc":96029},[94629,94635,94640,94643,94657,94660,94662,94701,94703,94716,94724,94729,94745,94748,94750,94752,94773,94790,94793,94852,94854,94873,94878,94884,94887,94921,94923,94936,94939,94984,94986,95009,95016,95022,95025,95066,95068,95082,95085,95143,95145,95160,95173,95179,95185,95250,95252,95271,95273,95291,95294,95298,95304,95306,95339,95341,95354,95364,95367,95428,95430,95451,95454,95456,95472,95477,95481,95486,95491,95547,95549,95567,95570,95615,95617,95625,95630,95634,95648,95650,95682,95684,95693,95695,95699,95708,95711,95743,95745,95757,95760,95764,95769,95810,95812,95820,95823,95846,95850,95852,95861,95864,95917,95919,95928,95932,95937,95948,95950,95959,95962,95968,95971,95977,95987,95995,96002,96004,96026],[10,94630,3482,94632,3486],{"id":94631},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94633,94634],{},"round()",[20,94636,9028,94637,94639],{},[15,94638,94634],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94641,94642],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[194,94644,94645,94651],{},[197,94646,94647,94650],{},[15,94648,94649],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[197,94652,94653,94656],{},[15,94654,94655],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94658,94659],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[181,94661,1907],{"id":1906},[40,94663,94665],{"className":42,"code":94664,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94666,94667,94683],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94668,94669,94671,94673,94676,94678,94681],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94670,110],{"class":109},[49,94672,92],{"class":85},[49,94674,94675],{"class":109},"round",[49,94677,92],{"class":85},[49,94679,94680],{"class":458},"3.14159",[49,94682,1581],{"class":85},[49,94684,94685,94687,94689,94691,94693,94695,94697,94699],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94686,110],{"class":109},[49,94688,92],{"class":85},[49,94690,94675],{"class":109},[49,94692,92],{"class":85},[49,94694,94680],{"class":458},[49,94696,341],{"class":85},[49,94698,2896],{"class":458},[49,94700,1581],{"class":85},[20,94702,1974],{},[40,94704,94706],{"className":42,"code":94705,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94707,94708,94712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94709,94710],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94711,46516],{"class":458},[49,94713,94714],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94715,40080],{"class":458},[20,94717,35,94718,94720,94721,94723],{},[15,94719,94649],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94722,94655],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[181,94725,184,94727,187],{"id":94726},"what-round-does",[15,94728,94634],{},[194,94730,94731,94736,94739,94742],{},[197,94732,94733,94735],{},[15,94734,94634],{}," is a built-in Python function",[197,94737,94738],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[197,94740,94741],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[197,94743,94744],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94746,94747],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[181,94749,316],{"id":315},[20,94751,319],{},[40,94753,94755],{"className":42,"code":94754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94756,94757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94758,94759,94761,94763,94765,94768,94771],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94760,94675],{"class":109},[49,94762,92],{"class":85},[49,94764,2141],{"class":88},[49,94766,94767],{"class":85},"[,",[49,94769,94770],{"class":88}," ndigits",[49,94772,3794],{"class":85},[194,94774,94775,94780,94785],{},[197,94776,94777,94779],{},[15,94778,2141],{}," is the value to round",[197,94781,94782,19950],{},[15,94783,94784],{},"ndigits",[197,94786,94787,94789],{},[15,94788,94784],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94791,94792],{},"Basic examples:",[40,94794,94796],{"className":42,"code":94795,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94797,94798,94813,94831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94799,94800,94802,94804,94806,94808,94811],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94801,110],{"class":109},[49,94803,92],{"class":85},[49,94805,94675],{"class":109},[49,94807,92],{"class":85},[49,94809,94810],{"class":458},"7.8",[49,94812,1581],{"class":85},[49,94814,94815,94817,94819,94821,94823,94825,94827,94829],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94816,110],{"class":109},[49,94818,92],{"class":85},[49,94820,94675],{"class":109},[49,94822,92],{"class":85},[49,94824,94810],{"class":458},[49,94826,341],{"class":85},[49,94828,1264],{"class":458},[49,94830,1581],{"class":85},[49,94832,94833,94835,94837,94839,94841,94844,94846,94848,94850],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,94834,110],{"class":109},[49,94836,92],{"class":85},[49,94838,94675],{"class":109},[49,94840,92],{"class":85},[49,94842,94843],{"class":458},"1234",[49,94845,341],{"class":85},[49,94847,1220],{"class":59},[49,94849,312],{"class":458},[49,94851,1581],{"class":85},[20,94853,1974],{},[40,94855,94857],{"className":42,"code":94856,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94858,94859,94863,94868],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94860,94861],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94862,2284],{"class":458},[49,94864,94865],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94866,94867],{"class":458},"7.8\n",[49,94869,94870],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,94871,94872],{"class":458},"1200\n",[20,94874,94875,94876,32],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[820,94877,2322],{"href":2321},[181,94879,644,94881,94883],{"id":94880},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94882,94634],{}," with one argument",[20,94885,94886],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[40,94888,94890],{"className":42,"code":94889,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94891,94892,94906],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94893,94894,94896,94898,94900,94902,94904],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94895,110],{"class":109},[49,94897,92],{"class":85},[49,94899,94675],{"class":109},[49,94901,92],{"class":85},[49,94903,2265],{"class":458},[49,94905,1581],{"class":85},[49,94907,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94919],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94909,110],{"class":109},[49,94911,92],{"class":85},[49,94913,94675],{"class":109},[49,94915,92],{"class":85},[49,94917,94918],{"class":458},"4.8",[49,94920,1581],{"class":85},[20,94922,1974],{},[40,94924,94926],{"className":42,"code":94925,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4\n5\n",[15,94927,94928,94932],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94929,94930],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94931,48550],{"class":458},[49,94933,94934],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94935,2850],{"class":458},[20,94937,94938],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[40,94940,94942],{"className":42,"code":94941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94943,94944,94960,94970],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94945,94946,94948,94950,94953,94955,94958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94947,2131],{"class":55},[49,94949,60],{"class":59},[49,94951,94952],{"class":109}," round",[49,94954,92],{"class":85},[49,94956,94957],{"class":458},"10.2",[49,94959,103],{"class":85},[49,94961,94962,94964,94966,94968],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94963,110],{"class":109},[49,94965,92],{"class":85},[49,94967,2166],{"class":88},[49,94969,103],{"class":85},[49,94971,94972,94974,94976,94978,94980,94982],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,94973,110],{"class":109},[49,94975,92],{"class":85},[49,94977,3127],{"class":2804},[49,94979,92],{"class":85},[49,94981,2166],{"class":88},[49,94983,1581],{"class":85},[20,94985,1974],{},[40,94987,94989],{"className":42,"code":94988,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94990,94991,94995],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,94992,94993],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,94994,2279],{"class":458},[49,94996,94997,94999,95001,95003,95005,95007],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,94998,3196],{"class":59},[49,95000,3199],{"class":1968},[49,95002,3202],{"class":63},[49,95004,2090],{"class":67},[49,95006,1573],{"class":63},[49,95008,3209],{"class":59},[20,95010,95011,95012,32],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[820,95013,3482,95014,3415],{"href":2777},[15,95015,2780],{},[181,95017,644,95019,95021],{"id":95018},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95020,94634],{}," with decimal places",[20,95023,95024],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[40,95026,95028],{"className":42,"code":95027,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95029,95030,95048],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95031,95032,95034,95036,95038,95040,95042,95044,95046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95033,110],{"class":109},[49,95035,92],{"class":85},[49,95037,94675],{"class":109},[49,95039,92],{"class":85},[49,95041,94680],{"class":458},[49,95043,341],{"class":85},[49,95045,2896],{"class":458},[49,95047,1581],{"class":85},[49,95049,95050,95052,95054,95056,95058,95060,95062,95064],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95051,110],{"class":109},[49,95053,92],{"class":85},[49,95055,94675],{"class":109},[49,95057,92],{"class":85},[49,95059,94680],{"class":458},[49,95061,341],{"class":85},[49,95063,2354],{"class":458},[49,95065,1581],{"class":85},[20,95067,1974],{},[40,95069,95071],{"className":42,"code":95070,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95072,95073,95077],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95074,95075],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95076,40080],{"class":458},[49,95078,95079],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95080,95081],{"class":458},"3.142\n",[20,95083,95084],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[40,95086,95088],{"className":42,"code":95087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95089,95090,95099,95118,95122,95132],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95091,95092,95094,95096],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95093,40290],{"class":55},[49,95095,60],{"class":59},[49,95097,95098],{"class":458}," 19.9876\n",[49,95100,95101,95104,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114,95116],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95102,95103],{"class":55},"rounded_price ",[49,95105,60],{"class":59},[49,95107,94952],{"class":109},[49,95109,92],{"class":85},[49,95111,25060],{"class":88},[49,95113,341],{"class":85},[49,95115,2896],{"class":458},[49,95117,103],{"class":85},[49,95119,95120],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95121,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,95123,95124,95126,95128,95130],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,95125,110],{"class":109},[49,95127,92],{"class":85},[49,95129,25060],{"class":88},[49,95131,103],{"class":85},[49,95133,95134,95136,95138,95141],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,95135,110],{"class":109},[49,95137,92],{"class":85},[49,95139,95140],{"class":88},"rounded_price",[49,95142,103],{"class":85},[20,95144,1974],{},[40,95146,95148],{"className":42,"code":95147,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95149,95150,95155],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95151,95152],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95153,95154],{"class":458},"19.9876\n",[49,95156,95157],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95158,95159],{"class":458},"19.99\n",[20,95161,95162,95163,95166,95167,634,95169,32],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95164,95165],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[820,95168,40794],{"href":40793},[820,95170,3482,95171,3415],{"href":2783},[15,95172,2786],{},[181,95174,95176,95177],{"id":95175},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95178,94784],{},[20,95180,95181,95182,95184],{},"A negative ",[15,95183,94784],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[40,95186,95188],{"className":42,"code":95187,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95189,95190,95210,95230],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95191,95192,95194,95196,95198,95200,95202,95204,95206,95208],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95193,110],{"class":109},[49,95195,92],{"class":85},[49,95197,94675],{"class":109},[49,95199,92],{"class":85},[49,95201,94843],{"class":458},[49,95203,341],{"class":85},[49,95205,1220],{"class":59},[49,95207,1223],{"class":458},[49,95209,1581],{"class":85},[49,95211,95212,95214,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226,95228],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95213,110],{"class":109},[49,95215,92],{"class":85},[49,95217,94675],{"class":109},[49,95219,92],{"class":85},[49,95221,94843],{"class":458},[49,95223,341],{"class":85},[49,95225,1220],{"class":59},[49,95227,312],{"class":458},[49,95229,1581],{"class":85},[49,95231,95232,95234,95236,95238,95240,95242,95244,95246,95248],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95233,110],{"class":109},[49,95235,92],{"class":85},[49,95237,94675],{"class":109},[49,95239,92],{"class":85},[49,95241,94843],{"class":458},[49,95243,341],{"class":85},[49,95245,1220],{"class":59},[49,95247,1965],{"class":458},[49,95249,1581],{"class":85},[20,95251,1974],{},[40,95253,95255],{"className":42,"code":95254,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95256,95257,95262,95266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95258,95259],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95260,95261],{"class":458},"1230\n",[49,95263,95264],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95265,94872],{"class":458},[49,95267,95268],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95269,95270],{"class":458},"1000\n",[20,95272,65469],{},[194,95274,95275,95280,95286],{},[197,95276,95277,95279],{},[15,95278,31],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[197,95281,95282,95285],{},[15,95283,95284],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[197,95287,95288,95290],{},[15,95289,47570],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95292,95293],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[181,95295,95297],{"id":95296},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95299,95300,95301,32],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95302,95303],{},".5",[20,95305,5379],{},[40,95307,95309],{"className":42,"code":95308,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95310,95311,95325],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95312,95313,95315,95317,95319,95321,95323],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95314,110],{"class":109},[49,95316,92],{"class":85},[49,95318,94675],{"class":109},[49,95320,92],{"class":85},[49,95322,41059],{"class":458},[49,95324,1581],{"class":85},[49,95326,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335,95337],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95328,110],{"class":109},[49,95330,92],{"class":85},[49,95332,94675],{"class":109},[49,95334,92],{"class":85},[49,95336,1944],{"class":458},[49,95338,1581],{"class":85},[20,95340,1974],{},[40,95342,95344],{"className":42,"code":95343,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n4\n",[15,95345,95346,95350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95347,95348],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95349,16968],{"class":458},[49,95351,95352],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95353,48550],{"class":458},[20,95355,95356,95357,95360,95361,95363],{},"Python uses ",[666,95358,95359],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95362,95303],{}," situations.",[20,95365,95366],{},"More examples:",[40,95368,95370],{"className":42,"code":95369,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95371,95372,95386,95400,95414],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95373,95374,95376,95378,95380,95382,95384],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95375,110],{"class":109},[49,95377,92],{"class":85},[49,95379,94675],{"class":109},[49,95381,92],{"class":85},[49,95383,41072],{"class":458},[49,95385,1581],{"class":85},[49,95387,95388,95390,95392,95394,95396,95398],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95389,110],{"class":109},[49,95391,92],{"class":85},[49,95393,94675],{"class":109},[49,95395,92],{"class":85},[49,95397,41059],{"class":458},[49,95399,1581],{"class":85},[49,95401,95402,95404,95406,95408,95410,95412],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95403,110],{"class":109},[49,95405,92],{"class":85},[49,95407,94675],{"class":109},[49,95409,92],{"class":85},[49,95411,1944],{"class":458},[49,95413,1581],{"class":85},[49,95415,95416,95418,95420,95422,95424,95426],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,95417,110],{"class":109},[49,95419,92],{"class":85},[49,95421,94675],{"class":109},[49,95423,92],{"class":85},[49,95425,41024],{"class":458},[49,95427,1581],{"class":85},[20,95429,1974],{},[40,95431,95433],{"className":42,"code":95432,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95434,95435,95439,95443,95447],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95436,95437],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95438,16968],{"class":458},[49,95440,95441],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95442,16968],{"class":458},[49,95444,95445],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95446,48550],{"class":458},[49,95448,95449],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,95450,48550],{"class":458},[20,95452,95453],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95455,10620],{},[194,95457,95458,95465],{},[197,95459,95460,2037,95463],{},[15,95461,95462],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95464,312],{},[197,95466,95467,2037,95470],{},[15,95468,95469],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95471,2407],{},[20,95473,3074,95474,95476],{},[15,95475,95303],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[181,95478,95480],{"id":95479},"return-values","Return values",[20,95482,95483,95485],{},[15,95484,94634],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95487,40808,95488,95490],{},[666,95489,4536],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[40,95492,95494],{"className":42,"code":95493,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95495,95496,95505,95509,95519,95537],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95497,95498,95500,95502],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95499,2349],{"class":55},[49,95501,60],{"class":59},[49,95503,95504],{"class":458}," 3.14159\n",[49,95506,95507],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95508,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,95510,95511,95513,95515,95517],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95512,110],{"class":109},[49,95514,92],{"class":85},[49,95516,338],{"class":88},[49,95518,103],{"class":85},[49,95520,95521,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531,95533,95535],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,95522,110],{"class":109},[49,95524,92],{"class":85},[49,95526,94675],{"class":109},[49,95528,92],{"class":85},[49,95530,338],{"class":88},[49,95532,341],{"class":85},[49,95534,2896],{"class":458},[49,95536,1581],{"class":85},[49,95538,95539,95541,95543,95545],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,95540,110],{"class":109},[49,95542,92],{"class":85},[49,95544,338],{"class":88},[49,95546,103],{"class":85},[20,95548,1974],{},[40,95550,95552],{"className":42,"code":95551,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95553,95554,95559,95563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95555,95556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95557,95558],{"class":458},"3.14159\n",[49,95560,95561],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95562,40080],{"class":458},[49,95564,95565],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95566,95558],{"class":458},[20,95568,95569],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[40,95571,95573],{"className":42,"code":95572,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95574,95575,95583,95601,95605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95576,95577,95579,95581],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95578,2349],{"class":55},[49,95580,60],{"class":59},[49,95582,95504],{"class":458},[49,95584,95585,95587,95589,95591,95593,95595,95597,95599],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95586,2349],{"class":55},[49,95588,60],{"class":59},[49,95590,94952],{"class":109},[49,95592,92],{"class":85},[49,95594,338],{"class":88},[49,95596,341],{"class":85},[49,95598,2896],{"class":458},[49,95600,103],{"class":85},[49,95602,95603],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95604,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,95606,95607,95609,95611,95613],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,95608,110],{"class":109},[49,95610,92],{"class":85},[49,95612,338],{"class":88},[49,95614,103],{"class":85},[20,95616,1974],{},[40,95618,95619],{"className":42,"code":40080,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95620,95621],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95622,95623],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95624,40080],{"class":458},[181,95626,4868,95628],{"id":95627},"when-to-use-round",[15,95629,94634],{},[20,95631,35,95632,6225],{},[15,95633,94634],{},[194,95635,95636,95639,95642,95645],{},[197,95637,95638],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[197,95640,95641],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[197,95643,95644],{},"Round values before reporting results",[197,95646,95647],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95649,5379],{},[40,95651,95653],{"className":42,"code":95652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95654,95655,95664],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95656,95657,95659,95661],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95658,2499],{"class":55},[49,95660,60],{"class":59},[49,95662,95663],{"class":458}," 12.67891\n",[49,95665,95666,95668,95670,95672,95674,95676,95678,95680],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95667,110],{"class":109},[49,95669,92],{"class":85},[49,95671,94675],{"class":109},[49,95673,92],{"class":85},[49,95675,2522],{"class":88},[49,95677,341],{"class":85},[49,95679,2896],{"class":458},[49,95681,1581],{"class":85},[20,95683,1974],{},[40,95685,95687],{"className":42,"code":95686,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"12.68\n",[15,95688,95689],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95690,95691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95692,95686],{"class":458},[181,95694,1308],{"id":1307},[20,95696,23004,95697,32],{},[15,95698,94634],{},[353,95700,1318,95702,95704,95705,95707],{"id":95701},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95703,94634],{}," to always round ",[15,95706,95303],{}," upward",[20,95709,95710],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[40,95712,95713],{"className":42,"code":95308,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95714,95715,95729],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95716,95717,95719,95721,95723,95725,95727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95718,110],{"class":109},[49,95720,92],{"class":85},[49,95722,94675],{"class":109},[49,95724,92],{"class":85},[49,95726,41059],{"class":458},[49,95728,1581],{"class":85},[49,95730,95731,95733,95735,95737,95739,95741],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95732,110],{"class":109},[49,95734,92],{"class":85},[49,95736,94675],{"class":109},[49,95738,92],{"class":85},[49,95740,1944],{"class":458},[49,95742,1581],{"class":85},[20,95744,1974],{},[40,95746,95747],{"className":42,"code":95343,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95748,95749,95753],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95750,95751],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95752,16968],{"class":458},[49,95754,95755],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95756,48550],{"class":458},[20,95758,95759],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[353,95761,95763],{"id":95762},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95765,95766,95768],{},[15,95767,94634],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[40,95770,95772],{"className":42,"code":95771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95773,95774,95782,95796,95800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95775,95776,95778,95780],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95777,2349],{"class":55},[49,95779,60],{"class":59},[49,95781,95504],{"class":458},[49,95783,95784,95786,95788,95790,95792,95794],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95785,94675],{"class":109},[49,95787,92],{"class":85},[49,95789,338],{"class":88},[49,95791,341],{"class":85},[49,95793,2896],{"class":458},[49,95795,103],{"class":85},[49,95797,95798],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95799,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,95801,95802,95804,95806,95808],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,95803,110],{"class":109},[49,95805,92],{"class":85},[49,95807,338],{"class":88},[49,95809,103],{"class":85},[20,95811,1974],{},[40,95813,95814],{"className":42,"code":95558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,95815,95816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95817,95818],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95819,95558],{"class":458},[20,95821,95822],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[40,95824,95826],{"className":42,"code":95825,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95827,95828],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95829,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838,95840,95842,95844],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95831,2349],{"class":55},[49,95833,60],{"class":59},[49,95835,94952],{"class":109},[49,95837,92],{"class":85},[49,95839,338],{"class":88},[49,95841,341],{"class":85},[49,95843,2896],{"class":458},[49,95845,103],{"class":85},[353,95847,95849],{"id":95848},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95851,16312],{},[40,95853,95855],{"className":42,"code":95854,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95856,95857],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95858,95859],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95860,95854],{"class":121},[20,95862,95863],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[40,95865,95867],{"className":42,"code":95866,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95868,95869,95881,95895,95899],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95870,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95872,56],{"class":55},[49,95874,60],{"class":59},[49,95876,64],{"class":63},[49,95878,40046],{"class":67},[49,95880,71],{"class":63},[49,95882,95883,95885,95887,95889,95891,95893],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,95884,2119],{"class":55},[49,95886,60],{"class":59},[49,95888,40158],{"class":2804},[49,95890,92],{"class":85},[49,95892,245],{"class":88},[49,95894,103],{"class":85},[49,95896,95897],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,95898,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,95900,95901,95903,95905,95907,95909,95911,95913,95915],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,95902,110],{"class":109},[49,95904,92],{"class":85},[49,95906,94675],{"class":109},[49,95908,92],{"class":85},[49,95910,2141],{"class":88},[49,95912,341],{"class":85},[49,95914,1264],{"class":458},[49,95916,1581],{"class":85},[20,95918,1974],{},[40,95920,95922],{"className":42,"code":95921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.1\n",[15,95923,95924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,95925,95926],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,95927,95921],{"class":458},[353,95929,95931],{"id":95930},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95933,95934,95936],{},[15,95935,94634],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95938,95939,95940,634,95944,32],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[820,95941,95942],{"href":2783},[15,95943,2786],{},[820,95945,95946],{"href":2777},[15,95947,2780],{},[181,95949,1704],{"id":1703},[353,95951,1720,95953,95955,95956,95958],{"id":95952},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95954,94634],{}," always round ",[15,95957,40117],{}," up?",[20,95960,95961],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[353,95963,1720,95965,95967],{"id":95964},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95966,94634],{}," change the original number?",[20,95969,95970],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[353,95972,5077,95974,95976],{"id":95973},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95975,94634],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95978,95979,95980,95982,95983,634,95985,32],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95981,94784],{}," value like ",[15,95984,31],{},[15,95986,95284],{},[353,95988,1760,95990,95992,95993,2394],{"id":95989},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95991,94634],{}," on a string like ",[15,95994,47994],{},[20,95996,95997,95998,634,96000,32],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95999,2786],{},[15,96001,2780],{},[181,96003,1775],{"id":1774},[194,96005,96006,96012,96018,96022],{},[197,96007,96008],{},[820,96009,3482,96010,3415],{"href":2783},[15,96011,2786],{},[197,96013,96014],{},[820,96015,3482,96016,3415],{"href":2777},[15,96017,2780],{},[197,96019,96020],{},[820,96021,2322],{"href":2321},[197,96023,96024],{},[820,96025,42081],{"href":40793},[1834,96027,96028],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":96030},[96031,96032,96034,96035,96037,96039,96041,96042,96043,96045,96052,96062],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":94726,"depth":74,"text":96033},"What round() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":94880,"depth":74,"text":96036},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95018,"depth":74,"text":96038},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95175,"depth":74,"text":96040},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95296,"depth":74,"text":95297},{"id":95479,"depth":74,"text":95480},{"id":95627,"depth":74,"text":96044},"When to use round()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":96046},[96047,96049,96050,96051],{"id":95701,"depth":106,"text":96048},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95762,"depth":106,"text":95763},{"id":95848,"depth":106,"text":95849},{"id":95930,"depth":106,"text":95931},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":96053},[96054,96056,96058,96060],{"id":95952,"depth":106,"text":96055},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95964,"depth":106,"text":96057},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95973,"depth":106,"text":96059},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95989,"depth":106,"text":96061},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94626,"description":96063},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96070,"title":96071,"body":96072,"description":97257,"extension":1866,"meta":97258,"navigation":128,"path":97259,"seo":97260,"stem":97261,"__hash__":97262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96073,"toc":97231},[96074,96081,96087,96090,96092,96141,96145,96170,96175,96180,96185,96199,96210,96212,96231,96233,96249,96252,96263,96265,96267,96328,96332,96365,96372,96379,96382,96415,96418,96422,96425,96478,96482,96503,96509,96516,96523,96584,96592,96669,96673,96685,96694,96696,96702,96708,96712,96765,96768,96826,96830,96838,96841,96845,96848,96858,96860,96957,96960,96971,96974,97017,97021,97045,97048,97054,97056,97060,97085,97087,97154,97163,97165,97171,97176,97180,97183,97187,97194,97198,97203,97205,97222,97228],[10,96075,96077,96078,18],{"id":96076},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96079,96080],{},"add()",[20,96082,96083,96086],{},[15,96084,96085],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96088,96089],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[181,96091,1907],{"id":1906},[40,96093,96095],{"className":42,"code":96094,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96096,96097,96117,96131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96098,96099,96101,96103,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96100,3525],{"class":55},[49,96102,60],{"class":59},[49,96104,10398],{"class":85},[49,96106,1223],{"class":458},[49,96108,341],{"class":85},[49,96110,2896],{"class":458},[49,96112,341],{"class":85},[49,96114,2354],{"class":458},[49,96116,9215],{"class":85},[49,96118,96119,96121,96123,96125,96127,96129],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,96120,3556],{"class":55},[49,96122,32],{"class":85},[49,96124,81982],{"class":88},[49,96126,92],{"class":85},[49,96128,2407],{"class":458},[49,96130,103],{"class":85},[49,96132,96133,96135,96137,96139],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,96134,110],{"class":109},[49,96136,92],{"class":85},[49,96138,3556],{"class":88},[49,96140,103],{"class":85},[20,96142,96143],{},[666,96144,1974],{},[40,96146,96148],{"className":42,"code":96147,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96149,96150],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96151,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160,96162,96164,96166,96168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96153,9184],{"class":85},[49,96155,1223],{"class":458},[49,96157,341],{"class":85},[49,96159,2896],{"class":458},[49,96161,341],{"class":85},[49,96163,2354],{"class":458},[49,96165,341],{"class":85},[49,96167,808],{"class":458},[49,96169,9215],{"class":85},[20,96171,35,96172,96174],{},[15,96173,96080],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[181,96176,184,96178,187],{"id":96177},"what-setadd-does",[15,96179,96085],{},[20,96181,96182,96184],{},[15,96183,96085],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[194,96186,96187,96190,96193,96196],{},[197,96188,96189],{},"Adds one item to a set",[197,96191,96192],{},"Changes the original set in place",[197,96194,96195],{},"Does not return a new set",[197,96197,96198],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96200,96201,96202,634,96206,32],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[820,96203,96205],{"href":96204},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[820,96207,96209],{"href":96208},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[181,96211,316],{"id":315},[40,96213,96215],{"className":42,"code":96214,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96216,96217],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96218,96219,96221,96223,96225,96227,96229],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96220,15577],{"class":55},[49,96222,32],{"class":85},[49,96224,81982],{"class":88},[49,96226,92],{"class":85},[49,96228,23220],{"class":88},[49,96230,103],{"class":85},[20,96232,11364],{},[194,96234,96235,96240,96243],{},[197,96236,55806,96237,96239],{},[15,96238,96080],{}," on an existing set",[197,96241,96242],{},"Pass exactly one item",[197,96244,96245,96246],{},"The item must be ",[666,96247,96248],{},"hashable",[20,96250,96251],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[194,96253,96254,96256,96258,96261],{},[197,96255,56359],{},[197,96257,56362],{},[197,96259,96260],{},"Tuples",[197,96262,40498],{},[181,96264,11381],{"id":11380},[20,96266,11384],{},[40,96268,96270],{"className":42,"code":96269,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96271,96272,96296,96314,96318],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96273,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284,96286,96288,96290,96292,96294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96275,12984],{"class":55},[49,96277,60],{"class":59},[49,96279,10398],{"class":85},[49,96281,95],{"class":63},[49,96283,13001],{"class":67},[49,96285,95],{"class":63},[49,96287,341],{"class":85},[49,96289,64],{"class":63},[49,96291,13018],{"class":67},[49,96293,95],{"class":63},[49,96295,9215],{"class":85},[49,96297,96298,96300,96302,96304,96306,96308,96310,96312],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,96299,17412],{"class":55},[49,96301,32],{"class":85},[49,96303,81982],{"class":88},[49,96305,92],{"class":85},[49,96307,95],{"class":63},[49,96309,17365],{"class":67},[49,96311,95],{"class":63},[49,96313,103],{"class":85},[49,96315,96316],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,96317,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,96319,96320,96322,96324,96326],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,96321,110],{"class":109},[49,96323,92],{"class":85},[49,96325,17412],{"class":88},[49,96327,103],{"class":85},[20,96329,96330],{},[666,96331,29935],{},[40,96333,96335],{"className":42,"code":96334,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96336,96337],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96338,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96340,9184],{"class":85},[49,96342,1573],{"class":63},[49,96344,13001],{"class":67},[49,96346,1573],{"class":63},[49,96348,341],{"class":85},[49,96350,3202],{"class":63},[49,96352,17365],{"class":67},[49,96354,1573],{"class":63},[49,96356,341],{"class":85},[49,96358,3202],{"class":63},[49,96360,13018],{"class":67},[49,96362,1573],{"class":63},[49,96364,9215],{"class":85},[20,96366,96367,96368,96371],{},"The new value ",[15,96369,96370],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96373,96374,96375,96378],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[666,96376,96377],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96380,96381],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[40,96383,96385],{"className":42,"code":96384,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96386,96387],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96388,96389,96391,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407,96409,96411,96413],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96390,9184],{"class":85},[49,96392,1573],{"class":63},[49,96394,13018],{"class":67},[49,96396,1573],{"class":63},[49,96398,341],{"class":85},[49,96400,3202],{"class":63},[49,96402,13001],{"class":67},[49,96404,1573],{"class":63},[49,96406,341],{"class":85},[49,96408,3202],{"class":63},[49,96410,17365],{"class":67},[49,96412,1573],{"class":63},[49,96414,9215],{"class":85},[20,96416,96417],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[181,96419,96421],{"id":96420},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96423,96424],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[40,96426,96428],{"className":42,"code":96427,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96429,96430,96450,96464,96468],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96431,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96433,3525],{"class":55},[49,96435,60],{"class":59},[49,96437,10398],{"class":85},[49,96439,1223],{"class":458},[49,96441,341],{"class":85},[49,96443,2896],{"class":458},[49,96445,341],{"class":85},[49,96447,2354],{"class":458},[49,96449,9215],{"class":85},[49,96451,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,96453,3556],{"class":55},[49,96455,32],{"class":85},[49,96457,81982],{"class":88},[49,96459,92],{"class":85},[49,96461,312],{"class":458},[49,96463,103],{"class":85},[49,96465,96466],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,96467,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,96469,96470,96472,96474,96476],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,96471,110],{"class":109},[49,96473,92],{"class":85},[49,96475,3556],{"class":88},[49,96477,103],{"class":85},[20,96479,96480],{},[666,96481,1974],{},[40,96483,96485],{"className":42,"code":96484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96486,96487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96488,96489,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96490,9184],{"class":85},[49,96492,1223],{"class":458},[49,96494,341],{"class":85},[49,96496,2896],{"class":458},[49,96498,341],{"class":85},[49,96500,2354],{"class":458},[49,96502,9215],{"class":85},[20,96504,96505,96506,96508],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96507,312],{}," was already present.",[181,96510,96512,983,96514],{"id":96511},"add-vs-update",[15,96513,96080],{},[15,96515,14864],{},[20,96517,35,96518,96520,96521,32],{},[15,96519,96080],{}," when you want to add ",[666,96522,52555],{},[40,96524,96526],{"className":42,"code":96525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96527,96528,96552,96570,96574],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96529,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96531,35994],{"class":55},[49,96533,60],{"class":59},[49,96535,10398],{"class":85},[49,96537,95],{"class":63},[49,96539,820],{"class":67},[49,96541,95],{"class":63},[49,96543,341],{"class":85},[49,96545,64],{"class":63},[49,96547,4667],{"class":67},[49,96549,95],{"class":63},[49,96551,9215],{"class":85},[49,96553,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562,96564,96566,96568],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,96555,36047],{"class":55},[49,96557,32],{"class":85},[49,96559,81982],{"class":88},[49,96561,92],{"class":85},[49,96563,95],{"class":63},[49,96565,9646],{"class":67},[49,96567,95],{"class":63},[49,96569,103],{"class":85},[49,96571,96572],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,96573,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,96575,96576,96578,96580,96582],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,96577,110],{"class":109},[49,96579,92],{"class":85},[49,96581,36047],{"class":88},[49,96583,103],{"class":85},[20,96585,35,96586,96520,96588,96591],{},[15,96587,14864],{},[666,96589,96590],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[40,96593,96595],{"className":42,"code":96594,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96596,96597,96621,96655,96659],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96598,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607,96609,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96600,35994],{"class":55},[49,96602,60],{"class":59},[49,96604,10398],{"class":85},[49,96606,95],{"class":63},[49,96608,820],{"class":67},[49,96610,95],{"class":63},[49,96612,341],{"class":85},[49,96614,64],{"class":63},[49,96616,4667],{"class":67},[49,96618,95],{"class":63},[49,96620,9215],{"class":85},[49,96622,96623,96625,96627,96629,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,96624,36047],{"class":55},[49,96626,32],{"class":85},[49,96628,30370],{"class":88},[49,96630,2889],{"class":85},[49,96632,95],{"class":63},[49,96634,9646],{"class":67},[49,96636,95],{"class":63},[49,96638,341],{"class":85},[49,96640,64],{"class":63},[49,96642,18678],{"class":67},[49,96644,95],{"class":63},[49,96646,341],{"class":85},[49,96648,64],{"class":63},[49,96650,60341],{"class":67},[49,96652,95],{"class":63},[49,96654,3794],{"class":85},[49,96656,96657],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,96658,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,96660,96661,96663,96665,96667],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,96662,110],{"class":109},[49,96664,92],{"class":85},[49,96666,36047],{"class":88},[49,96668,103],{"class":85},[353,96670,96672],{"id":96671},"key-difference","Key difference",[194,96674,96675,96680],{},[197,96676,96677,96679],{},[15,96678,96080],{}," adds one item",[197,96681,96682,96684],{},[15,96683,14864],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96686,96687,96688,32],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[820,96689,96691,96692,1785],{"href":96690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96693,14864],{},[181,96695,17328],{"id":17327},[20,96697,96698,1000,96700,32],{},[15,96699,96085],{},[15,96701,3684],{},[20,96703,96704,96705,96707],{},"That means you should ",[666,96706,4536],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[353,96709,96711],{"id":96710},"correct","Correct",[40,96713,96715],{"className":42,"code":96714,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96716,96717,96737,96751,96755],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96718,96719,96721,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733,96735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96720,15539],{"class":55},[49,96722,60],{"class":59},[49,96724,10398],{"class":85},[49,96726,1223],{"class":458},[49,96728,341],{"class":85},[49,96730,2896],{"class":458},[49,96732,341],{"class":85},[49,96734,2354],{"class":458},[49,96736,9215],{"class":85},[49,96738,96739,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,96740,15577],{"class":55},[49,96742,32],{"class":85},[49,96744,81982],{"class":88},[49,96746,92],{"class":85},[49,96748,2407],{"class":458},[49,96750,103],{"class":85},[49,96752,96753],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,96754,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,96756,96757,96759,96761,96763],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,96758,110],{"class":109},[49,96760,92],{"class":85},[49,96762,15577],{"class":88},[49,96764,103],{"class":85},[353,96766,96767],{"id":61659},"Wrong",[40,96769,96771],{"className":42,"code":96770,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96772,96773,96793,96812,96816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96774,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783,96785,96787,96789,96791],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96776,15539],{"class":55},[49,96778,60],{"class":59},[49,96780,10398],{"class":85},[49,96782,1223],{"class":458},[49,96784,341],{"class":85},[49,96786,2896],{"class":458},[49,96788,341],{"class":85},[49,96790,2354],{"class":458},[49,96792,9215],{"class":85},[49,96794,96795,96797,96799,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,96796,15539],{"class":55},[49,96798,60],{"class":59},[49,96800,96801],{"class":55}," my_set",[49,96803,32],{"class":85},[49,96805,81982],{"class":88},[49,96807,92],{"class":85},[49,96809,2407],{"class":458},[49,96811,103],{"class":85},[49,96813,96814],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,96815,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,96817,96818,96820,96822,96824],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,96819,110],{"class":109},[49,96821,92],{"class":85},[49,96823,15577],{"class":88},[49,96825,103],{"class":85},[20,96827,96828],{},[666,96829,1974],{},[40,96831,96832],{"className":42,"code":11715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,96833,96834],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96835,96836],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96837,11715],{"class":3757},[20,96839,96840],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[181,96842,96844],{"id":96843},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96846,96847],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[194,96849,96850,96852,96854,96856],{},[197,96851,56359],{},[197,96853,56362],{},[197,96855,96260],{},[197,96857,40498],{},[20,96859,214],{},[40,96861,96863],{"className":42,"code":96862,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96864,96865,96875,96879,96893,96911,96929,96943,96947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96866,96867,96869,96871,96873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96868,7687],{"class":55},[49,96870,60],{"class":59},[49,96872,15544],{"class":2804},[49,96874,8548],{"class":85},[49,96876,96877],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,96878,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,96880,96881,96883,96885,96887,96889,96891],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,96882,7718],{"class":55},[49,96884,32],{"class":85},[49,96886,81982],{"class":88},[49,96888,92],{"class":85},[49,96890,2233],{"class":458},[49,96892,103],{"class":85},[49,96894,96895,96897,96899,96901,96903,96905,96907,96909],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,96896,7718],{"class":55},[49,96898,32],{"class":85},[49,96900,81982],{"class":88},[49,96902,92],{"class":85},[49,96904,95],{"class":63},[49,96906,917],{"class":67},[49,96908,95],{"class":63},[49,96910,103],{"class":85},[49,96912,96913,96915,96917,96919,96921,96923,96925,96927],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,96914,7718],{"class":55},[49,96916,32],{"class":85},[49,96918,81982],{"class":88},[49,96920,5417],{"class":85},[49,96922,1223],{"class":458},[49,96924,341],{"class":85},[49,96926,2896],{"class":458},[49,96928,1581],{"class":85},[49,96930,96931,96933,96935,96937,96939,96941],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,96932,7718],{"class":55},[49,96934,32],{"class":85},[49,96936,81982],{"class":88},[49,96938,92],{"class":85},[49,96940,633],{"class":3757},[49,96942,103],{"class":85},[49,96944,96945],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,96946,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,96948,96949,96951,96953,96955],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,96950,110],{"class":109},[49,96952,92],{"class":85},[49,96954,7718],{"class":88},[49,96956,103],{"class":85},[20,96958,96959],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[194,96961,96962,96965,96968],{},[197,96963,96964],{},"Lists",[197,96966,96967],{},"Dictionaries",[197,96969,96970],{},"Sets",[20,96972,96973],{},"Example that causes an error:",[40,96975,96977],{"className":42,"code":96976,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96978,96979,96999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,96980,96981,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991,96993,96995,96997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,96982,7687],{"class":55},[49,96984,60],{"class":59},[49,96986,10398],{"class":85},[49,96988,1223],{"class":458},[49,96990,341],{"class":85},[49,96992,2896],{"class":458},[49,96994,341],{"class":85},[49,96996,2354],{"class":458},[49,96998,9215],{"class":85},[49,97000,97001,97003,97005,97007,97009,97011,97013,97015],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97002,7718],{"class":55},[49,97004,32],{"class":85},[49,97006,81982],{"class":88},[49,97008,2889],{"class":85},[49,97010,2407],{"class":458},[49,97012,341],{"class":85},[49,97014,459],{"class":458},[49,97016,3794],{"class":85},[20,97018,97019],{},[666,97020,29586],{},[40,97022,97024],{"className":42,"code":97023,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97025,97026],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97027,97028,97030,97032,97035,97037,97039,97041,97043],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97029,2909],{"class":2804},[49,97031,1197],{"class":85},[49,97033,97034],{"class":55}," unhashable ",[49,97036,3127],{"class":2804},[49,97038,1197],{"class":85},[49,97040,3202],{"class":63},[49,97042,8002],{"class":67},[49,97044,29605],{"class":63},[20,97046,97047],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97049,97050,97051,32],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97052,97053],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[181,97055,1308],{"id":1307},[20,97057,14643,97058,1197],{},[15,97059,96085],{},[194,97061,97062,97067,97072,97075,97082],{},[197,97063,644,97064,97066],{},[15,97065,96080],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[197,97068,1318,97069,97071],{},[15,97070,96080],{}," to return the updated set",[197,97073,97074],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[197,97076,1339,97077,97079,97080],{},[15,97078,96085],{}," with list ",[15,97081,52551],{},[197,97083,97084],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97086,71387],{},[40,97088,97090],{"className":42,"code":97089,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97091,97092,97102,97116,97126,97140],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97093,97094,97096,97098,97100],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97095,110],{"class":109},[49,97097,92],{"class":85},[49,97099,15577],{"class":88},[49,97101,103],{"class":85},[49,97103,97104,97106,97108,97110,97112,97114],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97105,110],{"class":109},[49,97107,92],{"class":85},[49,97109,3127],{"class":2804},[49,97111,92],{"class":85},[49,97113,15577],{"class":88},[49,97115,1581],{"class":85},[49,97117,97118,97120,97122,97124],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,97119,110],{"class":109},[49,97121,92],{"class":85},[49,97123,338],{"class":88},[49,97125,103],{"class":85},[49,97127,97128,97130,97132,97134,97136,97138],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,97129,110],{"class":109},[49,97131,92],{"class":85},[49,97133,3127],{"class":2804},[49,97135,92],{"class":85},[49,97137,338],{"class":88},[49,97139,1581],{"class":85},[49,97141,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,97143,32059],{"class":109},[49,97145,92],{"class":85},[49,97147,6194],{"class":2804},[49,97149,32],{"class":85},[49,97151,81982],{"class":24660},[49,97153,103],{"class":85},[20,97155,97156,97157,97159,97160,32],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97158,96085],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[820,97161,52947],{"href":97162},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[181,97164,1704],{"id":1703},[353,97166,1720,97168,97170],{"id":97167},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97169,96085],{}," return a new set?",[20,97172,97173,97174,32],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97175,3684],{},[353,97177,97179],{"id":97178},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97181,97182],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[353,97184,97186],{"id":97185},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97188,35,97189,10999,97192,32],{},[15,97190,97191],{},"set.update()",[15,97193,96080],{},[353,97195,97197],{"id":97196},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97199,97200,97201,32],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97202,2909],{},[181,97204,1775],{"id":1774},[194,97206,97207,97211,97216],{},[197,97208,97209],{},[820,97210,96205],{"href":96204},[197,97212,97213],{},[820,97214,97215],{"href":96208},"How to create a set in Python",[197,97217,97218],{},[820,97219,96691,97220,1785],{"href":96690},[15,97221,14864],{},[20,97223,97224,97225,97227],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97226,96080],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1834,97229,97230],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":97232},[97233,97234,97236,97237,97238,97239,97243,97247,97248,97249,97256],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":96177,"depth":74,"text":97235},"What set.add() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":96420,"depth":74,"text":96421},{"id":96511,"depth":74,"text":97240,"children":97241},"add() vs update()",[97242],{"id":96671,"depth":106,"text":96672},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328,"children":97244},[97245,97246],{"id":96710,"depth":106,"text":96711},{"id":61659,"depth":106,"text":96767},{"id":96843,"depth":74,"text":96844},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":97250},[97251,97253,97254,97255],{"id":97167,"depth":106,"text":97252},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97178,"depth":106,"text":97179},{"id":97185,"depth":106,"text":97186},{"id":97196,"depth":106,"text":97197},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96071,"description":97257},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97264,"title":97265,"body":97266,"description":98435,"extension":1866,"meta":98436,"navigation":128,"path":98437,"seo":98438,"stem":98439,"__hash__":98440},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97267,"toc":98402},[97268,97273,97279,97286,97331,97333,97344,97349,97354,97358,97372,97377,97379,97381,97396,97398,97412,97414,97416,97481,97483,97493,97495,97513,97519,97526,97531,97605,97607,97624,97630,97635,97706,97708,97735,97752,97755,97761,97763,97770,97774,97841,97843,97858,97861,97914,97916,97924,97936,97938,97942,97947,97949,97998,98000,98008,98010,98055,98057,98067,98073,98081,98094,98100,98102,98131,98133,98151,98155,98158,98189,98191,98209,98213,98288,98290,98306,98313,98315,98320,98325,98331,98334,98338,98346,98353,98361,98363,98399],[10,97269,96077,97271,18],{"id":97270},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97272,11228],{},[20,97274,97275,97278],{},[15,97276,97277],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97280,97281,97282,97285],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[666,97283,97284],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[40,97287,97289],{"className":42,"code":97288,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97290,97291,97311,97321],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97292,97293,97295,97297,97299,97301,97303,97305,97307,97309],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97294,3525],{"class":55},[49,97296,60],{"class":59},[49,97298,10398],{"class":85},[49,97300,1223],{"class":458},[49,97302,341],{"class":85},[49,97304,2896],{"class":458},[49,97306,341],{"class":85},[49,97308,2354],{"class":458},[49,97310,9215],{"class":85},[49,97312,97313,97315,97317,97319],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97314,3556],{"class":55},[49,97316,32],{"class":85},[49,97318,11289],{"class":88},[49,97320,8548],{"class":85},[49,97322,97323,97325,97327,97329],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,97324,110],{"class":109},[49,97326,92],{"class":85},[49,97328,3556],{"class":88},[49,97330,103],{"class":85},[20,97332,1974],{},[40,97334,97336],{"className":42,"code":97335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\n",[15,97337,97338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97339,97340,97342],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97341,6194],{"class":2804},[49,97343,8548],{"class":85},[20,97345,97346,97348],{},[15,97347,11228],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[181,97350,184,97352,187],{"id":97351},"what-setclear-does",[15,97353,97277],{},[20,97355,661,97356,11319],{},[15,97357,11228],{},[194,97359,97360,97363,97365,97369],{},[197,97361,97362],{},"Removes every item from a set",[197,97364,96192],{},[197,97366,205,97367],{},[15,97368,3684],{},[197,97370,97371],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97373,96201,97374,71486],{},[820,97375,96205],{"href":97376},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[181,97378,316],{"id":315},[20,97380,54345],{},[40,97382,97384],{"className":42,"code":97383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97385,97386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97387,97388,97390,97392,97394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97389,15577],{"class":55},[49,97391,32],{"class":85},[49,97393,11289],{"class":88},[49,97395,8548],{"class":85},[20,97397,12960],{},[194,97399,97400,97403,97406,97409],{},[197,97401,97402],{},"It takes no arguments",[197,97404,97405],{},"It empties the set",[197,97407,97408],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[197,97410,97411],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[181,97413,11381],{"id":11380},[20,97415,11384],{},[40,97417,97419],{"className":42,"code":97418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97420,97421,97453,97457,97467,97471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97422,97423,97425,97427,97429,97431,97433,97435,97437,97439,97441,97443,97445,97447,97449,97451],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97424,12984],{"class":55},[49,97426,60],{"class":59},[49,97428,10398],{"class":85},[49,97430,95],{"class":63},[49,97432,13001],{"class":67},[49,97434,95],{"class":63},[49,97436,341],{"class":85},[49,97438,64],{"class":63},[49,97440,17365],{"class":67},[49,97442,95],{"class":63},[49,97444,341],{"class":85},[49,97446,64],{"class":63},[49,97448,13018],{"class":67},[49,97450,95],{"class":63},[49,97452,9215],{"class":85},[49,97454,97455],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97456,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,97458,97459,97461,97463,97465],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,97460,17412],{"class":55},[49,97462,32],{"class":85},[49,97464,11289],{"class":88},[49,97466,8548],{"class":85},[49,97468,97469],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,97470,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,97472,97473,97475,97477,97479],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,97474,110],{"class":109},[49,97476,92],{"class":85},[49,97478,17412],{"class":88},[49,97480,103],{"class":85},[20,97482,1974],{},[40,97484,97485],{"className":42,"code":97335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97486,97487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97488,97489,97491],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97490,6194],{"class":2804},[49,97492,8548],{"class":85},[20,97494,11590],{},[194,97496,97497,97502,97507],{},[197,97498,97499,97501],{},[15,97500,17412],{}," starts with three values",[197,97503,97504,11603],{},[15,97505,97506],{},"colors.clear()",[197,97508,97509,97510,97512],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97511,3703],{},", which means an empty set",[181,97514,97516,97518],{"id":97515},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97517,11228],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97520,97521,380,97523,97525],{},[15,97522,11228],{},[15,97524,3703],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[353,97527,644,97529],{"id":97528},"using-clear",[15,97530,11228],{},[40,97532,97534],{"className":42,"code":97533,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97535,97536,97556,97566,97570,97580,97584,97594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97537,97538,97540,97542,97544,97546,97548,97550,97552,97554],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97539,7687],{"class":55},[49,97541,60],{"class":59},[49,97543,10398],{"class":85},[49,97545,1223],{"class":458},[49,97547,341],{"class":85},[49,97549,2896],{"class":458},[49,97551,341],{"class":85},[49,97553,2354],{"class":458},[49,97555,9215],{"class":85},[49,97557,97558,97561,97563],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97559,97560],{"class":55},"other_name ",[49,97562,60],{"class":59},[49,97564,97565],{"class":55}," items\n",[49,97567,97568],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,97569,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,97571,97572,97574,97576,97578],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,97573,7718],{"class":55},[49,97575,32],{"class":85},[49,97577,11289],{"class":88},[49,97579,8548],{"class":85},[49,97581,97582],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,97583,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,97585,97586,97588,97590,97592],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,97587,110],{"class":109},[49,97589,92],{"class":85},[49,97591,7718],{"class":88},[49,97593,103],{"class":85},[49,97595,97596,97598,97600,97603],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,97597,110],{"class":109},[49,97599,92],{"class":85},[49,97601,97602],{"class":88},"other_name",[49,97604,103],{"class":85},[20,97606,1974],{},[40,97608,97610],{"className":42,"code":97609,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97611,97612,97618],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97613,97614,97616],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97615,6194],{"class":2804},[49,97617,8548],{"class":85},[49,97619,97620,97622],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97621,6194],{"class":2804},[49,97623,8548],{"class":85},[20,97625,97626,97627,32],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[666,97628,97629],{},"same set object",[353,97631,644,97633],{"id":97632},"using-set",[15,97634,3703],{},[40,97636,97638],{"className":42,"code":97637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97639,97640,97660,97668,97672,97682,97686,97696],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97641,97642,97644,97646,97648,97650,97652,97654,97656,97658],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97643,7687],{"class":55},[49,97645,60],{"class":59},[49,97647,10398],{"class":85},[49,97649,1223],{"class":458},[49,97651,341],{"class":85},[49,97653,2896],{"class":458},[49,97655,341],{"class":85},[49,97657,2354],{"class":458},[49,97659,9215],{"class":85},[49,97661,97662,97664,97666],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97663,97560],{"class":55},[49,97665,60],{"class":59},[49,97667,97565],{"class":55},[49,97669,97670],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,97671,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,97673,97674,97676,97678,97680],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,97675,7687],{"class":55},[49,97677,60],{"class":59},[49,97679,15544],{"class":2804},[49,97681,8548],{"class":85},[49,97683,97684],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,97685,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,97687,97688,97690,97692,97694],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,97689,110],{"class":109},[49,97691,92],{"class":85},[49,97693,7718],{"class":88},[49,97695,103],{"class":85},[49,97697,97698,97700,97702,97704],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,97699,110],{"class":109},[49,97701,92],{"class":85},[49,97703,97602],{"class":88},[49,97705,103],{"class":85},[20,97707,1974],{},[40,97709,97711],{"className":42,"code":97710,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97712,97713,97719],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97714,97715,97717],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97716,6194],{"class":2804},[49,97718,8548],{"class":85},[49,97720,97721,97723,97725,97727,97729,97731,97733],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97722,9184],{"class":85},[49,97724,1223],{"class":458},[49,97726,341],{"class":85},[49,97728,2896],{"class":458},[49,97730,341],{"class":85},[49,97732,2354],{"class":458},[49,97734,9215],{"class":85},[20,97736,305,97737,92969,97740,97743,97744,32,97746,97748,97749,97751],{},[15,97738,97739],{},"items = set()",[666,97741,97742],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97745,7718],{},[9753,97747],{},"\nBut ",[15,97750,97602],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97753,97754],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97756,97757,97758,32],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[820,97759,96209],{"href":97760},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[181,97762,17328],{"id":17327},[20,97764,97765,13963,97767,97769],{},[15,97766,11228],{},[666,97768,4536],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97771,1714,97772,32],{},[15,97773,3684],{},[40,97775,97777],{"className":42,"code":97776,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97778,97779,97799,97803,97817,97821,97831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97780,97781,97783,97785,97787,97789,97791,97793,97795,97797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97782,3525],{"class":55},[49,97784,60],{"class":59},[49,97786,10398],{"class":85},[49,97788,1223],{"class":458},[49,97790,341],{"class":85},[49,97792,2896],{"class":458},[49,97794,341],{"class":85},[49,97796,2354],{"class":458},[49,97798,9215],{"class":85},[49,97800,97801],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97802,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,97804,97805,97807,97809,97811,97813,97815],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,97806,2131],{"class":55},[49,97808,60],{"class":59},[49,97810,4169],{"class":55},[49,97812,32],{"class":85},[49,97814,11289],{"class":88},[49,97816,8548],{"class":85},[49,97818,97819],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,97820,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,97822,97823,97825,97827,97829],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,97824,110],{"class":109},[49,97826,92],{"class":85},[49,97828,2166],{"class":88},[49,97830,103],{"class":85},[49,97832,97833,97835,97837,97839],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,97834,110],{"class":109},[49,97836,92],{"class":85},[49,97838,3556],{"class":88},[49,97840,103],{"class":85},[20,97842,1974],{},[40,97844,97846],{"className":42,"code":97845,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"None\nset()\n",[15,97847,97848,97852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97849,97850],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97851,11715],{"class":3757},[49,97853,97854,97856],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97855,6194],{"class":2804},[49,97857,8548],{"class":85},[20,97859,97860],{},"Do not do this:",[40,97862,97864],{"className":42,"code":97863,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97865,97866,97886,97900,97904],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97867,97868,97870,97872,97874,97876,97878,97880,97882,97884],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97869,3525],{"class":55},[49,97871,60],{"class":59},[49,97873,10398],{"class":85},[49,97875,1223],{"class":458},[49,97877,341],{"class":85},[49,97879,2896],{"class":458},[49,97881,341],{"class":85},[49,97883,2354],{"class":458},[49,97885,9215],{"class":85},[49,97887,97888,97890,97892,97894,97896,97898],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97889,3525],{"class":55},[49,97891,60],{"class":59},[49,97893,4169],{"class":55},[49,97895,32],{"class":85},[49,97897,11289],{"class":88},[49,97899,8548],{"class":85},[49,97901,97902],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,97903,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,97905,97906,97908,97910,97912],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,97907,110],{"class":109},[49,97909,92],{"class":85},[49,97911,3556],{"class":88},[49,97913,103],{"class":85},[20,97915,1974],{},[40,97917,97918],{"className":42,"code":11715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,97919,97920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97921,97922],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97923,11715],{"class":3757},[20,97925,22098,97926,1000,97928,97930,97931,97933,97934,32],{},[15,97927,54458],{},[15,97929,3684],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97932,3684],{}," back to ",[15,97935,3556],{},[181,97937,4425],{"id":4424},[20,97939,10654,97940,32],{},[15,97941,97277],{},[353,97943,12502,97945],{"id":97944},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97946,11228],{},[20,97948,16555],{},[40,97950,97952],{"className":42,"code":97951,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97953,97954,97974,97988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,97955,97956,97958,97960,97962,97964,97966,97968,97970,97972],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,97957,15539],{"class":55},[49,97959,60],{"class":59},[49,97961,10398],{"class":85},[49,97963,1223],{"class":458},[49,97965,341],{"class":85},[49,97967,2896],{"class":458},[49,97969,341],{"class":85},[49,97971,2354],{"class":458},[49,97973,9215],{"class":85},[49,97975,97976,97978,97980,97982,97984,97986],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,97977,15539],{"class":55},[49,97979,60],{"class":59},[49,97981,96801],{"class":55},[49,97983,32],{"class":85},[49,97985,11289],{"class":88},[49,97987,8548],{"class":85},[49,97989,97990,97992,97994,97996],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,97991,110],{"class":109},[49,97993,92],{"class":85},[49,97995,15577],{"class":88},[49,97997,103],{"class":85},[20,97999,1974],{},[40,98001,98002],{"className":42,"code":11715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98003,98004],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98005,98006],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98007,11715],{"class":3757},[20,98009,16567],{},[40,98011,98013],{"className":42,"code":98012,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98014,98015,98035,98045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98016,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025,98027,98029,98031,98033],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98018,15539],{"class":55},[49,98020,60],{"class":59},[49,98022,10398],{"class":85},[49,98024,1223],{"class":458},[49,98026,341],{"class":85},[49,98028,2896],{"class":458},[49,98030,341],{"class":85},[49,98032,2354],{"class":458},[49,98034,9215],{"class":85},[49,98036,98037,98039,98041,98043],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98038,15577],{"class":55},[49,98040,32],{"class":85},[49,98042,11289],{"class":88},[49,98044,8548],{"class":85},[49,98046,98047,98049,98051,98053],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,98048,110],{"class":109},[49,98050,92],{"class":85},[49,98052,15577],{"class":88},[49,98054,103],{"class":85},[20,98056,1974],{},[40,98058,98059],{"className":42,"code":97335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98060,98061],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98062,98063,98065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98064,6194],{"class":2804},[49,98066,8548],{"class":85},[353,98068,1318,98070,98072],{"id":98069},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98071,11228],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98074,98075,98077,98078,98080],{},[15,98076,11228],{}," removes ",[666,98079,3621],{}," items from the set.",[20,98082,98083,98084,634,98089,32],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[820,98085,98087],{"href":98086},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98088,55426],{},[820,98090,98092],{"href":98091},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98093,12670],{},[353,98095,644,98097,98099],{"id":98096},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98098,3698],{}," for an empty set",[20,98101,25600],{},[40,98103,98105],{"className":42,"code":98104,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98106,98107,98116],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98108,98109,98112,98114],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98110,98111],{"class":55},"empty_value ",[49,98113,60],{"class":59},[49,98115,9745],{"class":85},[49,98117,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126,98129],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98119,110],{"class":109},[49,98121,92],{"class":85},[49,98123,3127],{"class":2804},[49,98125,92],{"class":85},[49,98127,98128],{"class":88},"empty_value",[49,98130,1581],{"class":85},[20,98132,1974],{},[40,98134,98135],{"className":42,"code":8713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98136,98137],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98138,98139,98141,98143,98145,98147,98149],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98140,3196],{"class":59},[49,98142,3199],{"class":1968},[49,98144,3202],{"class":63},[49,98146,8726],{"class":67},[49,98148,1573],{"class":63},[49,98150,3209],{"class":59},[20,98152,98153,8693],{},[15,98154,3698],{},[20,98156,98157],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[40,98159,98161],{"className":42,"code":98160,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98162,98163,98174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98164,98165,98168,98170,98172],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98166,98167],{"class":55},"empty_set ",[49,98169,60],{"class":59},[49,98171,15544],{"class":2804},[49,98173,8548],{"class":85},[49,98175,98176,98178,98180,98182,98184,98187],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98177,110],{"class":109},[49,98179,92],{"class":85},[49,98181,3127],{"class":2804},[49,98183,92],{"class":85},[49,98185,98186],{"class":88},"empty_set",[49,98188,1581],{"class":85},[20,98190,1974],{},[40,98192,98193],{"className":42,"code":8757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98194,98195],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98196,98197,98199,98201,98203,98205,98207],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98198,3196],{"class":59},[49,98200,3199],{"class":1968},[49,98202,3202],{"class":63},[49,98204,6194],{"class":67},[49,98206,1573],{"class":63},[49,98208,3209],{"class":59},[353,98210,98212],{"id":98211},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[40,98214,98216],{"className":42,"code":98215,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98217,98218,98242,98250,98254,98264,98268,98278],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98219,98220,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98221,2457],{"class":55},[49,98223,60],{"class":59},[49,98225,10398],{"class":85},[49,98227,95],{"class":63},[49,98229,283],{"class":67},[49,98231,95],{"class":63},[49,98233,341],{"class":85},[49,98235,64],{"class":63},[49,98237,11652],{"class":67},[49,98239,95],{"class":63},[49,98241,9215],{"class":85},[49,98243,98244,98246,98248],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98245,2485],{"class":55},[49,98247,60],{"class":59},[49,98249,36079],{"class":55},[49,98251,98252],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,98253,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,98255,98256,98258,98260,98262],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,98257,820],{"class":55},[49,98259,32],{"class":85},[49,98261,11289],{"class":88},[49,98263,8548],{"class":85},[49,98265,98266],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,98267,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,98269,98270,98272,98274,98276],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,98271,110],{"class":109},[49,98273,92],{"class":85},[49,98275,820],{"class":88},[49,98277,103],{"class":85},[49,98279,98280,98282,98284,98286],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,98281,110],{"class":109},[49,98283,92],{"class":85},[49,98285,4667],{"class":88},[49,98287,103],{"class":85},[20,98289,1974],{},[40,98291,98292],{"className":42,"code":97609,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98293,98294,98300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98295,98296,98298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98297,6194],{"class":2804},[49,98299,8548],{"class":85},[49,98301,98302,98304],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98303,6194],{"class":2804},[49,98305,8548],{"class":85},[20,98307,28966,98308,380,98310,98312],{},[15,98309,820],{},[15,98311,4667],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[181,98314,1704],{"id":1703},[353,98316,5050,98318,5053],{"id":98317},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98319,97277],{},[20,98321,1714,98322,98324],{},[15,98323,3684],{},". It empties the set in place.",[353,98326,1720,98328,98330],{"id":98327},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98329,11228],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98332,98333],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[353,98335,98337],{"id":98336},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98339,98340,98341,98343,98344,32],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98342,11228],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98345,3703],{},[353,98347,1740,98349,380,98351,2394],{"id":98348},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98350,11228],{},[15,98352,3703],{},[20,98354,98355,98357,98358,98360],{},[15,98356,11228],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98359,3703],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[181,98362,1775],{"id":1774},[194,98364,98365,98369,98373,98380,98386,98392],{},[197,98366,98367],{},[820,98368,96205],{"href":97376},[197,98370,98371],{},[820,98372,97215],{"href":97760},[197,98374,98375],{},[820,98376,96691,98378,1785],{"href":98377},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98379,96080],{},[197,98381,98382],{},[820,98383,96691,98384,1785],{"href":98086},[15,98385,55426],{},[197,98387,98388],{},[820,98389,96691,98390,1785],{"href":98091},[15,98391,12670],{},[197,98393,98394],{},[820,98395,96691,98397,1785],{"href":98396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98398,14864],{},[1834,98400,98401],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":98403},[98404,98406,98407,98408,98415,98416,98425,98434],{"id":97351,"depth":74,"text":98405},"What set.clear() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":97515,"depth":74,"text":98409,"children":98410},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98411,98413],{"id":97528,"depth":106,"text":98412},"Using clear()",{"id":97632,"depth":106,"text":98414},"Using set()",{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":98417},[98418,98420,98422,98424],{"id":97944,"depth":106,"text":98419},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98069,"depth":106,"text":98421},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98096,"depth":106,"text":98423},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98211,"depth":106,"text":98212},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":98426},[98427,98429,98431,98432],{"id":98317,"depth":106,"text":98428},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98327,"depth":106,"text":98430},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98336,"depth":106,"text":98337},{"id":98348,"depth":106,"text":98433},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97265,"description":98435},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98442,"title":98443,"body":98444,"description":100275,"extension":1866,"meta":100276,"navigation":128,"path":96208,"seo":100277,"stem":100278,"__hash__":100279},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98445,"toc":100232},[98446,98449,98452,98455,98457,98560,98564,98611,98617,98619,98638,98642,98645,98647,98661,98670,98674,98677,98712,98716,98736,98739,98743,98746,98807,98811,98836,98843,98849,98854,98856,98868,98872,98921,98925,98949,98956,98960,99001,99005,99026,99030,99063,99067,99108,99111,99115,99120,99159,99163,99188,99193,99199,99236,99240,99263,99267,99269,99272,99275,99352,99356,99393,99396,99400,99406,99409,99419,99468,99474,99480,99507,99510,99532,99534,99565,99568,99572,99576,99615,99619,99682,99685,99718,99722,99747,99749,99752,99758,99761,99788,99790,99808,99812,99816,99819,99862,99865,99869,99872,99875,99905,99908,99912,99915,99930,99935,99939,99942,100031,100033,100036,100126,100129,100147,100149,100153,100163,100167,100175,100179,100182,100186,100189,100193,100196,100198,100226,100229],[10,98447,98443],{"id":98448},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98450,98451],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98453,98454],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[181,98456,3515],{"id":3514},[40,98458,98460],{"className":42,"code":98459,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98461,98462,98482,98516,98526,98530,98540,98550],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98463,98464,98466,98468,98470,98472,98474,98476,98478,98480],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98465,3525],{"class":55},[49,98467,60],{"class":59},[49,98469,10398],{"class":85},[49,98471,1223],{"class":458},[49,98473,341],{"class":85},[49,98475,2896],{"class":458},[49,98477,341],{"class":85},[49,98479,2354],{"class":458},[49,98481,9215],{"class":85},[49,98483,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496,98498,98500,98502,98504,98506,98508,98510,98512,98514],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98485,3976],{"class":55},[49,98487,60],{"class":59},[49,98489,15544],{"class":2804},[49,98491,2889],{"class":85},[49,98493,95],{"class":63},[49,98495,3985],{"class":67},[49,98497,95],{"class":63},[49,98499,341],{"class":85},[49,98501,64],{"class":63},[49,98503,230],{"class":67},[49,98505,95],{"class":63},[49,98507,341],{"class":85},[49,98509,64],{"class":63},[49,98511,3985],{"class":67},[49,98513,95],{"class":63},[49,98515,3794],{"class":85},[49,98517,98518,98520,98522,98524],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,98519,98167],{"class":55},[49,98521,60],{"class":59},[49,98523,15544],{"class":2804},[49,98525,8548],{"class":85},[49,98527,98528],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,98529,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,98531,98532,98534,98536,98538],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,98533,110],{"class":109},[49,98535,92],{"class":85},[49,98537,3556],{"class":88},[49,98539,103],{"class":85},[49,98541,98542,98544,98546,98548],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,98543,110],{"class":109},[49,98545,92],{"class":85},[49,98547,4019],{"class":88},[49,98549,103],{"class":85},[49,98551,98552,98554,98556,98558],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,98553,110],{"class":109},[49,98555,92],{"class":85},[49,98557,98186],{"class":88},[49,98559,103],{"class":85},[20,98561,98562],{},[666,98563,1974],{},[40,98565,98567],{"className":42,"code":98566,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98568,98569,98585,98605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98570,98571,98573,98575,98577,98579,98581,98583],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98572,9184],{"class":85},[49,98574,1223],{"class":458},[49,98576,341],{"class":85},[49,98578,2896],{"class":458},[49,98580,341],{"class":85},[49,98582,2354],{"class":458},[49,98584,9215],{"class":85},[49,98586,98587,98589,98591,98593,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98588,9184],{"class":85},[49,98590,1573],{"class":63},[49,98592,230],{"class":67},[49,98594,1573],{"class":63},[49,98596,341],{"class":85},[49,98598,3202],{"class":63},[49,98600,3985],{"class":67},[49,98602,1573],{"class":63},[49,98604,9215],{"class":85},[49,98606,98607,98609],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,98608,6194],{"class":2804},[49,98610,8548],{"class":85},[20,98612,98613,98614,98616],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98615,3703],{}," for an empty set.",[181,98618,15073],{"id":15072},[194,98620,98621,98624,98629,98632,98635],{},[197,98622,98623],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[197,98625,98626,98627],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98628,3703],{},[197,98630,98631],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[197,98633,98634],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[197,98636,98637],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[181,98639,98641],{"id":98640},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98643,98644],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98646,30446],{},[194,98648,98649,98652,98655,98658],{},[197,98650,98651],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[197,98653,98654],{},"Sets are unordered",[197,98656,98657],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[197,98659,98660],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98662,98663,98664,634,98666,32],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[820,98665,96205],{"href":97376},[820,98667,98669],{"href":98668},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[181,98671,98673],{"id":98672},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98675,98676],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[40,98678,98680],{"className":42,"code":98679,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98681,98682,98702],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98683,98684,98686,98688,98690,98692,98694,98696,98698,98700],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98685,3525],{"class":55},[49,98687,60],{"class":59},[49,98689,10398],{"class":85},[49,98691,1223],{"class":458},[49,98693,341],{"class":85},[49,98695,2896],{"class":458},[49,98697,341],{"class":85},[49,98699,2354],{"class":458},[49,98701,9215],{"class":85},[49,98703,98704,98706,98708,98710],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98705,110],{"class":109},[49,98707,92],{"class":85},[49,98709,3556],{"class":88},[49,98711,103],{"class":85},[20,98713,98714],{},[666,98715,29935],{},[40,98717,98718],{"className":42,"code":96484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98719,98720],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98721,98722,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732,98734],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98723,9184],{"class":85},[49,98725,1223],{"class":458},[49,98727,341],{"class":85},[49,98729,2896],{"class":458},[49,98731,341],{"class":85},[49,98733,2354],{"class":458},[49,98735,9215],{"class":85},[20,98737,98738],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[353,98740,98742],{"id":98741},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98744,98745],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[40,98747,98749],{"className":42,"code":98748,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98750,98751,98783,98793],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98752,98753,98755,98757,98759,98761,98763,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98754,3525],{"class":55},[49,98756,60],{"class":59},[49,98758,10398],{"class":85},[49,98760,1223],{"class":458},[49,98762,341],{"class":85},[49,98764,2896],{"class":458},[49,98766,341],{"class":85},[49,98768,2896],{"class":458},[49,98770,341],{"class":85},[49,98772,2354],{"class":458},[49,98774,341],{"class":85},[49,98776,2354],{"class":458},[49,98778,341],{"class":85},[49,98780,2354],{"class":458},[49,98782,9215],{"class":85},[49,98784,98785,98787,98789,98791],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98786,110],{"class":109},[49,98788,92],{"class":85},[49,98790,3556],{"class":88},[49,98792,103],{"class":85},[49,98794,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,98796,110],{"class":109},[49,98798,92],{"class":85},[49,98800,1631],{"class":109},[49,98802,92],{"class":85},[49,98804,3556],{"class":88},[49,98806,1581],{"class":85},[20,98808,98809],{},[666,98810,29935],{},[40,98812,98814],{"className":42,"code":98813,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98815,98816,98832],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98817,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98819,9184],{"class":85},[49,98821,1223],{"class":458},[49,98823,341],{"class":85},[49,98825,2896],{"class":458},[49,98827,341],{"class":85},[49,98829,2354],{"class":458},[49,98831,9215],{"class":85},[49,98833,98834],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98835,46516],{"class":458},[20,98837,20887,98838,380,98840,98842],{},[15,98839,312],{},[15,98841,1965],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[181,98844,98846,98847],{"id":98845},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98848,3703],{},[20,98850,35,98851,98853],{},[15,98852,3703],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98855,5364],{},[194,98857,98858,98860,98862,98864],{},[197,98859,96964],{},[197,98861,96260],{},[197,98863,56362],{},[197,98865,98866],{},[15,98867,36102],{},[353,98869,98871],{"id":98870},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[40,98873,98875],{"className":42,"code":98874,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98876,98877,98911],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98878,98879,98881,98883,98885,98887,98889,98891,98893,98895,98897,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98880,3525],{"class":55},[49,98882,60],{"class":59},[49,98884,15544],{"class":2804},[49,98886,2889],{"class":85},[49,98888,1223],{"class":458},[49,98890,341],{"class":85},[49,98892,2896],{"class":458},[49,98894,341],{"class":85},[49,98896,2896],{"class":458},[49,98898,341],{"class":85},[49,98900,2354],{"class":458},[49,98902,341],{"class":85},[49,98904,2354],{"class":458},[49,98906,341],{"class":85},[49,98908,808],{"class":458},[49,98910,3794],{"class":85},[49,98912,98913,98915,98917,98919],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98914,110],{"class":109},[49,98916,92],{"class":85},[49,98918,3556],{"class":88},[49,98920,103],{"class":85},[20,98922,98923],{},[666,98924,29935],{},[40,98926,98927],{"className":42,"code":96147,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,98928,98929],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98930,98931,98933,98935,98937,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98932,9184],{"class":85},[49,98934,1223],{"class":458},[49,98936,341],{"class":85},[49,98938,2896],{"class":458},[49,98940,341],{"class":85},[49,98942,2354],{"class":458},[49,98944,341],{"class":85},[49,98946,808],{"class":458},[49,98948,9215],{"class":85},[20,98950,98951,98952,32],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[820,98953,98955],{"href":98954},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[353,98957,98959],{"id":98958},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[40,98961,98963],{"className":42,"code":98962,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98964,98965,98991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,98966,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977,98979,98981,98983,98985,98987,98989],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,98968,3729],{"class":55},[49,98970,60],{"class":59},[49,98972,15544],{"class":2804},[49,98974,5417],{"class":85},[49,98976,2233],{"class":458},[49,98978,341],{"class":85},[49,98980,7698],{"class":458},[49,98982,341],{"class":85},[49,98984,7698],{"class":458},[49,98986,341],{"class":85},[49,98988,7703],{"class":458},[49,98990,1581],{"class":85},[49,98992,98993,98995,98997,98999],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,98994,110],{"class":109},[49,98996,92],{"class":85},[49,98998,5266],{"class":88},[49,99000,103],{"class":85},[20,99002,99003],{},[666,99004,29935],{},[40,99006,99008],{"className":42,"code":99007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99009,99010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99011,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022,99024],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99013,9184],{"class":85},[49,99015,2233],{"class":458},[49,99017,341],{"class":85},[49,99019,7698],{"class":458},[49,99021,341],{"class":85},[49,99023,7703],{"class":458},[49,99025,9215],{"class":85},[353,99027,99029],{"id":99028},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[40,99031,99033],{"className":42,"code":99032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99034,99035,99053],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99036,99037,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049,99051],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99038,35994],{"class":55},[49,99040,60],{"class":59},[49,99042,15544],{"class":2804},[49,99044,92],{"class":85},[49,99046,95],{"class":63},[49,99048,917],{"class":67},[49,99050,95],{"class":63},[49,99052,103],{"class":85},[49,99054,99055,99057,99059,99061],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99056,110],{"class":109},[49,99058,92],{"class":85},[49,99060,36047],{"class":88},[49,99062,103],{"class":85},[20,99064,99065],{},[666,99066,29935],{},[40,99068,99070],{"className":42,"code":99069,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99071,99072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99073,99074,99076,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102,99104,99106],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99075,9184],{"class":85},[49,99077,1573],{"class":63},[49,99079,1391],{"class":67},[49,99081,1573],{"class":63},[49,99083,341],{"class":85},[49,99085,3202],{"class":63},[49,99087,60341],{"class":67},[49,99089,1573],{"class":63},[49,99091,341],{"class":85},[49,99093,3202],{"class":63},[49,99095,60350],{"class":67},[49,99097,1573],{"class":63},[49,99099,341],{"class":85},[49,99101,3202],{"class":63},[49,99103,426],{"class":67},[49,99105,1573],{"class":63},[49,99107,9215],{"class":85},[20,99109,99110],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[181,99112,99114],{"id":99113},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99116,99117,99118,32],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99119,3703],{},[40,99121,99123],{"className":42,"code":99122,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99124,99125,99135,99145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99126,99127,99129,99131,99133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99128,98167],{"class":55},[49,99130,60],{"class":59},[49,99132,15544],{"class":2804},[49,99134,8548],{"class":85},[49,99136,99137,99139,99141,99143],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99138,110],{"class":109},[49,99140,92],{"class":85},[49,99142,98186],{"class":88},[49,99144,103],{"class":85},[49,99146,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,99148,110],{"class":109},[49,99150,92],{"class":85},[49,99152,3127],{"class":2804},[49,99154,92],{"class":85},[49,99156,98186],{"class":88},[49,99158,1581],{"class":85},[20,99160,99161],{},[666,99162,1974],{},[40,99164,99166],{"className":42,"code":99165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99167,99168,99174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99169,99170,99172],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99171,6194],{"class":2804},[49,99173,8548],{"class":85},[49,99175,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99177,3196],{"class":59},[49,99179,3199],{"class":1968},[49,99181,3202],{"class":63},[49,99183,6194],{"class":67},[49,99185,1573],{"class":63},[49,99187,3209],{"class":59},[353,99189,44328,99191],{"id":99190},"do-not-use",[15,99192,3698],{},[20,99194,99195,99196,99198],{},"Empty braces do ",[666,99197,4536],{}," create a set.",[40,99200,99202],{"className":42,"code":99201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99203,99204,99212,99222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99205,99206,99208,99210],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99207,98111],{"class":55},[49,99209,60],{"class":59},[49,99211,9745],{"class":85},[49,99213,99214,99216,99218,99220],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99215,110],{"class":109},[49,99217,92],{"class":85},[49,99219,98128],{"class":88},[49,99221,103],{"class":85},[49,99223,99224,99226,99228,99230,99232,99234],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,99225,110],{"class":109},[49,99227,92],{"class":85},[49,99229,3127],{"class":2804},[49,99231,92],{"class":85},[49,99233,98128],{"class":88},[49,99235,1581],{"class":85},[20,99237,99238],{},[666,99239,1974],{},[40,99241,99243],{"className":42,"code":99242,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99244,99245,99249],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99246,99247],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99248,9341],{"class":85},[49,99250,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259,99261],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99252,3196],{"class":59},[49,99254,3199],{"class":1968},[49,99256,3202],{"class":63},[49,99258,8726],{"class":67},[49,99260,1573],{"class":63},[49,99262,3209],{"class":59},[20,99264,99265,8693],{},[15,99266,3698],{},[181,99268,72150],{"id":72149},[20,99270,99271],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99273,99274],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[40,99276,99278],{"className":42,"code":99277,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99279,99280,99328,99338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99281,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99283,3976],{"class":55},[49,99285,60],{"class":59},[49,99287,10398],{"class":85},[49,99289,95],{"class":63},[49,99291,3985],{"class":67},[49,99293,95],{"class":63},[49,99295,341],{"class":85},[49,99297,64],{"class":63},[49,99299,230],{"class":67},[49,99301,95],{"class":63},[49,99303,341],{"class":85},[49,99305,64],{"class":63},[49,99307,3985],{"class":67},[49,99309,95],{"class":63},[49,99311,341],{"class":85},[49,99313,64],{"class":63},[49,99315,3985],{"class":67},[49,99317,95],{"class":63},[49,99319,341],{"class":85},[49,99321,64],{"class":63},[49,99323,33128],{"class":67},[49,99325,95],{"class":63},[49,99327,9215],{"class":85},[49,99329,99330,99332,99334,99336],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99331,110],{"class":109},[49,99333,92],{"class":85},[49,99335,4019],{"class":88},[49,99337,103],{"class":85},[49,99339,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,99341,110],{"class":109},[49,99343,92],{"class":85},[49,99345,1631],{"class":109},[49,99347,92],{"class":85},[49,99349,4019],{"class":88},[49,99351,1581],{"class":85},[20,99353,99354],{},[666,99355,29935],{},[40,99357,99359],{"className":42,"code":99358,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99360,99361,99389],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99362,99363,99365,99367,99369,99371,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381,99383,99385,99387],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99364,9184],{"class":85},[49,99366,1573],{"class":63},[49,99368,230],{"class":67},[49,99370,1573],{"class":63},[49,99372,341],{"class":85},[49,99374,3202],{"class":63},[49,99376,33128],{"class":67},[49,99378,1573],{"class":63},[49,99380,341],{"class":85},[49,99382,3202],{"class":63},[49,99384,3985],{"class":67},[49,99386,1573],{"class":63},[49,99388,9215],{"class":85},[49,99390,99391],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99392,46516],{"class":458},[20,99394,99395],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[181,99397,99399],{"id":99398},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99401,99402,99403,99405],{},"Set items must be ",[666,99404,96248],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99407,99408],{},"These usually work:",[194,99410,99411,99413,99415,99417],{},[197,99412,56359],{},[197,99414,56362],{},[197,99416,96260],{},[197,99418,40498],{},[40,99420,99422],{"className":42,"code":99421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99423,99424,99458],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99425,99426,99428,99430,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448,99450,99452,99454,99456],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99427,3729],{"class":55},[49,99429,60],{"class":59},[49,99431,10398],{"class":85},[49,99433,1223],{"class":458},[49,99435,341],{"class":85},[49,99437,64],{"class":63},[49,99439,3985],{"class":67},[49,99441,95],{"class":63},[49,99443,341],{"class":85},[49,99445,9142],{"class":85},[49,99447,2233],{"class":458},[49,99449,341],{"class":85},[49,99451,7698],{"class":458},[49,99453,9139],{"class":85},[49,99455,3821],{"class":3757},[49,99457,9215],{"class":85},[49,99459,99460,99462,99464,99466],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99461,110],{"class":109},[49,99463,92],{"class":85},[49,99465,5266],{"class":88},[49,99467,103],{"class":85},[20,99469,99470,99471,99473],{},"These do ",[666,99472,4536],{}," work directly:",[194,99475,99476,99478],{},[197,99477,96964],{},[197,99479,96967],{},[40,99481,99483],{"className":42,"code":99482,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99484,99485],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99486,99487,99490,99492,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99488,99489],{"class":55},"bad_set ",[49,99491,60],{"class":59},[49,99493,99494],{"class":85}," {[",[49,99496,1223],{"class":458},[49,99498,341],{"class":85},[49,99500,2896],{"class":458},[49,99502,341],{"class":85},[49,99504,2354],{"class":458},[49,99506,13615],{"class":85},[20,99508,99509],{},"This raises an error:",[40,99511,99512],{"className":42,"code":97023,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,99513,99514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99515,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526,99528,99530],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99517,2909],{"class":2804},[49,99519,1197],{"class":85},[49,99521,97034],{"class":55},[49,99523,3127],{"class":2804},[49,99525,1197],{"class":85},[49,99527,3202],{"class":63},[49,99529,8002],{"class":67},[49,99531,29605],{"class":63},[20,99533,51979],{},[40,99535,99537],{"className":42,"code":99536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99538,99539],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99540,99541,99543,99545,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99542,99489],{"class":55},[49,99544,60],{"class":59},[49,99546,99547],{"class":85}," {{",[49,99549,95],{"class":63},[49,99551,7575],{"class":67},[49,99553,95],{"class":63},[49,99555,1197],{"class":85},[49,99557,64],{"class":63},[49,99559,7584],{"class":67},[49,99561,95],{"class":63},[49,99563,99564],{"class":85},"}}\n",[20,99566,99567],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[181,99569,99571],{"id":99570},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[353,99573,99575],{"id":99574},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[40,99577,99579],{"className":42,"code":99578,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99580,99581,99605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99582,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99584,3525],{"class":55},[49,99586,60],{"class":59},[49,99588,10398],{"class":85},[49,99590,1223],{"class":458},[49,99592,341],{"class":85},[49,99594,2896],{"class":458},[49,99596,341],{"class":85},[49,99598,2354],{"class":458},[49,99600,341],{"class":85},[49,99602,808],{"class":458},[49,99604,9215],{"class":85},[49,99606,99607,99609,99611,99613],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99608,110],{"class":109},[49,99610,92],{"class":85},[49,99612,3556],{"class":88},[49,99614,103],{"class":85},[353,99616,99618],{"id":99617},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[40,99620,99622],{"className":42,"code":99621,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99623,99624,99652,99667,99671],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99625,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648,99650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99627,7687],{"class":55},[49,99629,60],{"class":59},[49,99631,3530],{"class":85},[49,99633,1223],{"class":458},[49,99635,341],{"class":85},[49,99637,1264],{"class":458},[49,99639,341],{"class":85},[49,99641,2896],{"class":458},[49,99643,341],{"class":85},[49,99645,2354],{"class":458},[49,99647,341],{"class":85},[49,99649,2354],{"class":458},[49,99651,1244],{"class":85},[49,99653,99654,99657,99659,99661,99663,99665],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99655,99656],{"class":55},"unique_items ",[49,99658,60],{"class":59},[49,99660,15544],{"class":2804},[49,99662,92],{"class":85},[49,99664,7718],{"class":88},[49,99666,103],{"class":85},[49,99668,99669],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,99670,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,99672,99673,99675,99677,99680],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,99674,110],{"class":109},[49,99676,92],{"class":85},[49,99678,99679],{"class":88},"unique_items",[49,99681,103],{"class":85},[353,99683,99029],{"id":99684},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[40,99686,99688],{"className":42,"code":99687,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99689,99690,99708],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99691,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99693,35994],{"class":55},[49,99695,60],{"class":59},[49,99697,15544],{"class":2804},[49,99699,92],{"class":85},[49,99701,95],{"class":63},[49,99703,230],{"class":67},[49,99705,95],{"class":63},[49,99707,103],{"class":85},[49,99709,99710,99712,99714,99716],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99711,110],{"class":109},[49,99713,92],{"class":85},[49,99715,36047],{"class":88},[49,99717,103],{"class":85},[353,99719,99721],{"id":99720},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[40,99723,99725],{"className":42,"code":99724,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99726,99727,99737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99728,99729,99731,99733,99735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99730,98167],{"class":55},[49,99732,60],{"class":59},[49,99734,15544],{"class":2804},[49,99736,8548],{"class":85},[49,99738,99739,99741,99743,99745],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99740,110],{"class":109},[49,99742,92],{"class":85},[49,99744,98186],{"class":88},[49,99746,103],{"class":85},[181,99748,1308],{"id":1307},[20,99750,99751],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[353,99753,644,99755,99757],{"id":99754},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99756,3698],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99759,99760],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[40,99762,99764],{"className":42,"code":99763,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99765,99766,99774],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99767,99768,99770,99772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99769,2349],{"class":55},[49,99771,60],{"class":59},[49,99773,9745],{"class":85},[49,99775,99776,99778,99780,99782,99784,99786],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99777,110],{"class":109},[49,99779,92],{"class":85},[49,99781,3127],{"class":2804},[49,99783,92],{"class":85},[49,99785,338],{"class":88},[49,99787,1581],{"class":85},[20,99789,1436],{},[40,99791,99792],{"className":42,"code":8713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,99793,99794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99795,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99797,3196],{"class":59},[49,99799,3199],{"class":1968},[49,99801,3202],{"class":63},[49,99803,8726],{"class":67},[49,99805,1573],{"class":63},[49,99807,3209],{"class":59},[20,99809,35,99810,6537],{},[15,99811,3703],{},[353,99813,99815],{"id":99814},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99817,99818],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[40,99820,99822],{"className":42,"code":99821,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99823,99824,99852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99825,99826,99828,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848,99850],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99827,3525],{"class":55},[49,99829,60],{"class":59},[49,99831,10398],{"class":85},[49,99833,1223],{"class":458},[49,99835,341],{"class":85},[49,99837,1264],{"class":458},[49,99839,341],{"class":85},[49,99841,2896],{"class":458},[49,99843,341],{"class":85},[49,99845,2896],{"class":458},[49,99847,341],{"class":85},[49,99849,2354],{"class":458},[49,99851,9215],{"class":85},[49,99853,99854,99856,99858,99860],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99855,110],{"class":109},[49,99857,92],{"class":85},[49,99859,3556],{"class":88},[49,99861,103],{"class":85},[20,99863,99864],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[353,99866,99868],{"id":99867},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99870,99871],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99873,99874],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[40,99876,99878],{"className":42,"code":99877,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99879,99880,99900],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99881,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99883,3525],{"class":55},[49,99885,60],{"class":59},[49,99887,10398],{"class":85},[49,99889,2233],{"class":458},[49,99891,341],{"class":85},[49,99893,7698],{"class":458},[49,99895,341],{"class":85},[49,99897,7703],{"class":458},[49,99899,9215],{"class":85},[49,99901,99902],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99903,99904],{"class":121},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99906,99907],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[353,99909,99911],{"id":99910},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99913,99914],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[40,99916,99918],{"className":42,"code":99917,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99919,99920,99925],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99921,99922],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99923,99924],{"class":121},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[49,99926,99927],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99928,99929],{"class":121},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99931,99932,99933,32],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99934,2909],{},[353,99936,99938],{"id":99937},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99940,99941],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[40,99943,99945],{"className":42,"code":99944,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99946,99947,99967,99999,100003,100017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,99948,99949,99951,99953,99955,99957,99959,99961,99963,99965],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,99950,15539],{"class":55},[49,99952,60],{"class":59},[49,99954,10398],{"class":85},[49,99956,1223],{"class":458},[49,99958,341],{"class":85},[49,99960,2896],{"class":458},[49,99962,341],{"class":85},[49,99964,2354],{"class":458},[49,99966,9215],{"class":85},[49,99968,99969,99971,99973,99975,99977,99979,99981,99983,99985,99987,99989,99991,99993,99995,99997],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,99970,11631],{"class":55},[49,99972,60],{"class":59},[49,99974,10398],{"class":85},[49,99976,95],{"class":63},[49,99978,820],{"class":67},[49,99980,95],{"class":63},[49,99982,1197],{"class":85},[49,99984,1264],{"class":458},[49,99986,341],{"class":85},[49,99988,64],{"class":63},[49,99990,4667],{"class":67},[49,99992,95],{"class":63},[49,99994,1197],{"class":85},[49,99996,2896],{"class":458},[49,99998,9215],{"class":85},[49,100000,100001],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,100002,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,100004,100005,100007,100009,100011,100013,100015],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,100006,110],{"class":109},[49,100008,92],{"class":85},[49,100010,3127],{"class":2804},[49,100012,92],{"class":85},[49,100014,15577],{"class":88},[49,100016,1581],{"class":85},[49,100018,100019,100021,100023,100025,100027,100029],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,100020,110],{"class":109},[49,100022,92],{"class":85},[49,100024,3127],{"class":2804},[49,100026,92],{"class":85},[49,100028,11355],{"class":88},[49,100030,1581],{"class":85},[181,100032,92660],{"id":92659},[20,100034,100035],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[40,100037,100039],{"className":42,"code":100038,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100040,100041,100067,100071,100085,100095,100109,100116],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100042,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100044,15539],{"class":55},[49,100046,60],{"class":59},[49,100048,15544],{"class":2804},[49,100050,2889],{"class":85},[49,100052,1223],{"class":458},[49,100054,341],{"class":85},[49,100056,2896],{"class":458},[49,100058,341],{"class":85},[49,100060,2896],{"class":458},[49,100062,341],{"class":85},[49,100064,2354],{"class":458},[49,100066,3794],{"class":85},[49,100068,100069],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,100070,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,100072,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,100074,110],{"class":109},[49,100076,92],{"class":85},[49,100078,3127],{"class":2804},[49,100080,92],{"class":85},[49,100082,15577],{"class":88},[49,100084,1581],{"class":85},[49,100086,100087,100089,100091,100093],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,100088,110],{"class":109},[49,100090,92],{"class":85},[49,100092,15577],{"class":88},[49,100094,103],{"class":85},[49,100096,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105,100107],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,100098,110],{"class":109},[49,100100,92],{"class":85},[49,100102,1631],{"class":109},[49,100104,92],{"class":85},[49,100106,15577],{"class":88},[49,100108,1581],{"class":85},[49,100110,100111,100113],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,100112,110],{"class":109},[49,100114,100115],{"class":85},"({})\n",[49,100117,100118,100120,100122,100124],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,100119,110],{"class":109},[49,100121,92],{"class":85},[49,100123,6194],{"class":2804},[49,100125,7100],{"class":85},[20,100127,100128],{},"Use these to confirm:",[194,100130,100131,100134,100137,100140],{},[197,100132,100133],{},"The object type",[197,100135,100136],{},"The actual values stored",[197,100138,100139],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[197,100141,100142,100143,380,100145],{},"The difference between ",[15,100144,3698],{},[15,100146,3703],{},[181,100148,1704],{"id":1703},[353,100150,100152],{"id":100151},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100154,100155,100156,100159,100160,100162],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100157,100158],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100161,3703],{}," with another iterable.",[353,100164,100166],{"id":100165},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100168,35,100169,100171,100172,100174],{},[15,100170,3703],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100173,3698],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[353,100176,100178],{"id":100177},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100180,100181],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[353,100183,100185],{"id":100184},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100187,100188],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[353,100190,100192],{"id":100191},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100194,100195],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[181,100197,1775],{"id":1774},[194,100199,100200,100204,100210,100216,100221],{},[197,100201,100202],{},[820,100203,96205],{"href":97376},[197,100205,100206],{},[820,100207,3482,100208,1785],{"href":98377},[15,100209,96085],{},[197,100211,100212],{},[820,100213,3482,100214,1785],{"href":98396},[15,100215,97191],{},[197,100217,100218],{},[820,100219,100220],{"href":98954},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[197,100222,100223],{},[820,100224,100225],{"href":98668},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100227,100228],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1834,100230,100231],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":100233},[100234,100235,100236,100237,100240,100246,100250,100251,100252,100258,100266,100267,100274],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":15072,"depth":74,"text":15073},{"id":98640,"depth":74,"text":98641},{"id":98672,"depth":74,"text":98673,"children":100238},[100239],{"id":98741,"depth":106,"text":98742},{"id":98845,"depth":74,"text":100241,"children":100242},"Create a set with set()",[100243,100244,100245],{"id":98870,"depth":106,"text":98871},{"id":98958,"depth":106,"text":98959},{"id":99028,"depth":106,"text":99029},{"id":99113,"depth":74,"text":99114,"children":100247},[100248],{"id":99190,"depth":106,"text":100249},"Do not use {}",{"id":72149,"depth":74,"text":72150},{"id":99398,"depth":74,"text":99399},{"id":99570,"depth":74,"text":99571,"children":100253},[100254,100255,100256,100257],{"id":99574,"depth":106,"text":99575},{"id":99617,"depth":106,"text":99618},{"id":99684,"depth":106,"text":99029},{"id":99720,"depth":106,"text":99721},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":100259},[100260,100262,100263,100264,100265],{"id":99754,"depth":106,"text":100261},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99814,"depth":106,"text":99815},{"id":99867,"depth":106,"text":99868},{"id":99910,"depth":106,"text":99911},{"id":99937,"depth":106,"text":99938},{"id":92659,"depth":74,"text":92660},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":100268},[100269,100270,100271,100272,100273],{"id":100151,"depth":106,"text":100152},{"id":100165,"depth":106,"text":100166},{"id":100177,"depth":106,"text":100178},{"id":100184,"depth":106,"text":100185},{"id":100191,"depth":106,"text":100192},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98443,"description":100275},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100281,"title":100282,"body":100283,"description":102714,"extension":1866,"meta":102715,"navigation":128,"path":102716,"seo":102717,"stem":102718,"__hash__":102719},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100284,"toc":102679},[100285,100291,100297,100300,100302,100379,100381,100398,100408,100410,100415,100423,100425,100441,100445,100447,100449,100452,100473,100476,100500,100506,100508,100605,100607,100624,100634,100636,100638,100646,100648,100659,100661,100752,100754,100778,100789,100791,100793,100796,100926,100928,101001,101003,101024,101027,101029,101035,101040,101043,101170,101172,101189,101192,101194,101202,101205,101209,101217,101308,101310,101347,101352,101359,101436,101438,101454,101459,101464,101466,101475,101483,101564,101566,101595,101598,101602,101613,101616,101699,101701,101722,101728,101730,101732,101736,101740,101747,101812,101814,101834,101837,101906,101908,101924,101928,101934,101946,101954,101956,102041,102043,102072,102075,102079,102084,102086,102136,102139,102220,102222,102238,102242,102245,102320,102323,102327,102330,102407,102409,102442,102448,102452,102455,102590,102592,102606,102608,102610,102616,102619,102626,102634,102640,102643,102647,102650,102652,102654,102676],[10,100286,96077,100288,18],{"id":100287},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100289,100290],{},"difference()",[20,100292,100293,100296],{},[15,100294,100295],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100298,100299],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[181,100301,3515],{"id":3514},[40,100303,100305],{"className":42,"code":100304,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100306,100307,100331,100351,100369],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100308,100309,100311,100313,100315,100317,100319,100321,100323,100325,100327,100329],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100310,2457],{"class":55},[49,100312,60],{"class":59},[49,100314,10398],{"class":85},[49,100316,1223],{"class":458},[49,100318,341],{"class":85},[49,100320,2896],{"class":458},[49,100322,341],{"class":85},[49,100324,2354],{"class":458},[49,100326,341],{"class":85},[49,100328,808],{"class":458},[49,100330,9215],{"class":85},[49,100332,100333,100335,100337,100339,100341,100343,100345,100347,100349],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,100334,2485],{"class":55},[49,100336,60],{"class":59},[49,100338,10398],{"class":85},[49,100340,1965],{"class":458},[49,100342,341],{"class":85},[49,100344,808],{"class":458},[49,100346,341],{"class":85},[49,100348,459],{"class":458},[49,100350,9215],{"class":85},[49,100352,100353,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363,100365,100367],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,100354,2131],{"class":55},[49,100356,60],{"class":59},[49,100358,56785],{"class":55},[49,100360,32],{"class":85},[49,100362,2715],{"class":88},[49,100364,92],{"class":85},[49,100366,4667],{"class":88},[49,100368,103],{"class":85},[49,100370,100371,100373,100375,100377],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,100372,110],{"class":109},[49,100374,92],{"class":85},[49,100376,2166],{"class":88},[49,100378,103],{"class":85},[20,100380,1974],{},[40,100382,100384],{"className":42,"code":100383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100385,100386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100387,100388,100390,100392,100394,100396],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100389,9184],{"class":85},[49,100391,1223],{"class":458},[49,100393,341],{"class":85},[49,100395,2896],{"class":458},[49,100397,9215],{"class":85},[20,100399,100400,100402,100403,100405,100406,32],{},[15,100401,100290],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100404,820],{}," that are not in ",[15,100407,4667],{},[44816,100409],{},[181,100411,184,100413,187],{"id":100412},"what-difference-does",[15,100414,100290],{},[20,100416,661,100417,100419,100420,100422],{},[15,100418,100290],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[666,100421,4536],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100424,12960],{},[194,100426,100427,100432,100435,100438],{},[197,100428,100429,100431],{},[15,100430,100290],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[197,100433,100434],{},"It creates a new set",[197,100436,100437],{},"It does not change the original set",[197,100439,100440],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100442,96201,100443,32],{},[820,100444,96205],{"href":97376},[44816,100446],{},[181,100448,316],{"id":315},[20,100450,100451],{},"Use this form:",[40,100453,100455],{"className":42,"code":100454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100456,100457],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100458,100459,100462,100464,100466,100468,100471],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100460,100461],{"class":55},"set1",[49,100463,32],{"class":85},[49,100465,2715],{"class":88},[49,100467,92],{"class":85},[49,100469,100470],{"class":88},"set2",[49,100472,103],{"class":85},[20,100474,100475],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[40,100477,100479],{"className":42,"code":100478,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100480,100481],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100482,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493,100495,100498],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100484,100461],{"class":55},[49,100486,32],{"class":85},[49,100488,2715],{"class":88},[49,100490,92],{"class":85},[49,100492,100470],{"class":88},[49,100494,341],{"class":85},[49,100496,100497],{"class":88}," set3",[49,100499,103],{"class":85},[20,100501,100502,100503,100505],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[666,100504,5261],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100507,214],{},[40,100509,100511],{"className":42,"code":100510,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100512,100513,100541,100557,100569,100573,100595],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100514,100515,100517,100519,100521,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100516,2457],{"class":55},[49,100518,60],{"class":59},[49,100520,10398],{"class":85},[49,100522,1223],{"class":458},[49,100524,341],{"class":85},[49,100526,2896],{"class":458},[49,100528,341],{"class":85},[49,100530,2354],{"class":458},[49,100532,341],{"class":85},[49,100534,808],{"class":458},[49,100536,341],{"class":85},[49,100538,459],{"class":458},[49,100540,9215],{"class":85},[49,100542,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551,100553,100555],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,100544,2485],{"class":55},[49,100546,60],{"class":59},[49,100548,10398],{"class":85},[49,100550,312],{"class":458},[49,100552,341],{"class":85},[49,100554,2354],{"class":458},[49,100556,9215],{"class":85},[49,100558,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,100560,83062],{"class":55},[49,100562,60],{"class":59},[49,100564,10398],{"class":85},[49,100566,2040],{"class":458},[49,100568,9215],{"class":85},[49,100570,100571],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,100572,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,100574,100575,100577,100579,100581,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591,100593],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,100576,2131],{"class":55},[49,100578,60],{"class":59},[49,100580,56785],{"class":55},[49,100582,32],{"class":85},[49,100584,2715],{"class":88},[49,100586,92],{"class":85},[49,100588,4667],{"class":88},[49,100590,341],{"class":85},[49,100592,9588],{"class":88},[49,100594,103],{"class":85},[49,100596,100597,100599,100601,100603],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,100598,110],{"class":109},[49,100600,92],{"class":85},[49,100602,2166],{"class":88},[49,100604,103],{"class":85},[20,100606,1974],{},[40,100608,100610],{"className":42,"code":100609,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100611,100612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100613,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100615,9184],{"class":85},[49,100617,1223],{"class":458},[49,100619,341],{"class":85},[49,100621,808],{"class":458},[49,100623,9215],{"class":85},[20,100625,100626,100627,100629,100630,634,100632,32],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100628,820],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100631,4667],{},[15,100633,9646],{},[44816,100635],{},[181,100637,17328],{"id":17327},[20,100639,100640,100642,100643,32],{},[15,100641,100290],{}," always returns a ",[666,100644,100645],{},"new set",[20,100647,43549],{},[194,100649,100650,100653,100656],{},[197,100651,100652],{},"The return value is a new set",[197,100654,100655],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[197,100657,100658],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100660,214],{},[40,100662,100664],{"className":42,"code":100663,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100665,100666,100682,100702,100706,100724,100728,100738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100667,100668,100670,100672,100674,100676,100678,100680],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100669,2457],{"class":55},[49,100671,60],{"class":59},[49,100673,10398],{"class":85},[49,100675,1223],{"class":458},[49,100677,341],{"class":85},[49,100679,2896],{"class":458},[49,100681,9215],{"class":85},[49,100683,100684,100686,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,100685,2485],{"class":55},[49,100687,60],{"class":59},[49,100689,10398],{"class":85},[49,100691,1223],{"class":458},[49,100693,341],{"class":85},[49,100695,2896],{"class":458},[49,100697,341],{"class":85},[49,100699,2354],{"class":458},[49,100701,9215],{"class":85},[49,100703,100704],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,100705,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,100707,100708,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,100709,2131],{"class":55},[49,100711,60],{"class":59},[49,100713,56785],{"class":55},[49,100715,32],{"class":85},[49,100717,2715],{"class":88},[49,100719,92],{"class":85},[49,100721,4667],{"class":88},[49,100723,103],{"class":85},[49,100725,100726],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,100727,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,100729,100730,100732,100734,100736],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,100731,110],{"class":109},[49,100733,92],{"class":85},[49,100735,2166],{"class":88},[49,100737,103],{"class":85},[49,100739,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,100741,110],{"class":109},[49,100743,92],{"class":85},[49,100745,3127],{"class":2804},[49,100747,92],{"class":85},[49,100749,2166],{"class":88},[49,100751,1581],{"class":85},[20,100753,1974],{},[40,100755,100756],{"className":42,"code":99165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,100757,100758,100764],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100759,100760,100762],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100761,6194],{"class":2804},[49,100763,8548],{"class":85},[49,100765,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,100767,3196],{"class":59},[49,100769,3199],{"class":1968},[49,100771,3202],{"class":63},[49,100773,6194],{"class":67},[49,100775,1573],{"class":63},[49,100777,3209],{"class":59},[20,100779,100780,100781,18874,100783,100785,100786,100788],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100782,3703],{},[15,100784,3698],{},". In Python, ",[15,100787,3698],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44816,100790],{},[181,100792,11381],{"id":11380},[20,100794,100795],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[40,100797,100799],{"className":42,"code":100798,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100800,100801,100834,100867,100871,100891,100895,100905,100916],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100802,100803,100806,100808,100810,100812,100814,100816,100818,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100804,100805],{"class":55},"fruits_a ",[49,100807,60],{"class":59},[49,100809,10398],{"class":85},[49,100811,95],{"class":63},[49,100813,3985],{"class":67},[49,100815,95],{"class":63},[49,100817,341],{"class":85},[49,100819,64],{"class":63},[49,100821,230],{"class":67},[49,100823,95],{"class":63},[49,100825,341],{"class":85},[49,100827,64],{"class":63},[49,100829,33128],{"class":67},[49,100831,95],{"class":63},[49,100833,9215],{"class":85},[49,100835,100836,100839,100841,100843,100845,100847,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100863,100865],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,100837,100838],{"class":55},"fruits_b ",[49,100840,60],{"class":59},[49,100842,10398],{"class":85},[49,100844,95],{"class":63},[49,100846,230],{"class":67},[49,100848,95],{"class":63},[49,100850,341],{"class":85},[49,100852,64],{"class":63},[49,100854,33128],{"class":67},[49,100856,95],{"class":63},[49,100858,341],{"class":85},[49,100860,64],{"class":63},[49,100862,22442],{"class":67},[49,100864,95],{"class":63},[49,100866,9215],{"class":85},[49,100868,100869],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,100870,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,100872,100873,100875,100877,100880,100882,100884,100886,100889],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,100874,2131],{"class":55},[49,100876,60],{"class":59},[49,100878,100879],{"class":55}," fruits_a",[49,100881,32],{"class":85},[49,100883,2715],{"class":88},[49,100885,92],{"class":85},[49,100887,100888],{"class":88},"fruits_b",[49,100890,103],{"class":85},[49,100892,100893],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,100894,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,100896,100897,100899,100901,100903],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,100898,110],{"class":109},[49,100900,92],{"class":85},[49,100902,2166],{"class":88},[49,100904,103],{"class":85},[49,100906,100907,100909,100911,100914],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,100908,110],{"class":109},[49,100910,92],{"class":85},[49,100912,100913],{"class":88},"fruits_a",[49,100915,103],{"class":85},[49,100917,100918,100920,100922,100924],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,100919,110],{"class":109},[49,100921,92],{"class":85},[49,100923,100888],{"class":88},[49,100925,103],{"class":85},[20,100927,29935],{},[40,100929,100931],{"className":42,"code":100930,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100932,100933,100945,100973],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,100934,100935,100937,100939,100941,100943],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,100936,9184],{"class":85},[49,100938,1573],{"class":63},[49,100940,3985],{"class":67},[49,100942,1573],{"class":63},[49,100944,9215],{"class":85},[49,100946,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,100948,9184],{"class":85},[49,100950,1573],{"class":63},[49,100952,230],{"class":67},[49,100954,1573],{"class":63},[49,100956,341],{"class":85},[49,100958,3202],{"class":63},[49,100960,33128],{"class":67},[49,100962,1573],{"class":63},[49,100964,341],{"class":85},[49,100966,3202],{"class":63},[49,100968,3985],{"class":67},[49,100970,1573],{"class":63},[49,100972,9215],{"class":85},[49,100974,100975,100977,100979,100981,100983,100985,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,100976,9184],{"class":85},[49,100978,1573],{"class":63},[49,100980,230],{"class":67},[49,100982,1573],{"class":63},[49,100984,341],{"class":85},[49,100986,3202],{"class":63},[49,100988,33128],{"class":67},[49,100990,1573],{"class":63},[49,100992,341],{"class":85},[49,100994,3202],{"class":63},[49,100996,22442],{"class":67},[49,100998,1573],{"class":63},[49,101000,9215],{"class":85},[20,101002,11590],{},[194,101004,101005,101010,101015,101021],{},[197,101006,101007,101008],{},"Start with ",[15,101009,100913],{},[197,101011,101012,101013],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101014,100888],{},[197,101016,101017,101018,101020],{},"Only ",[15,101019,57729],{}," remains",[197,101022,101023],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101025,101026],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44816,101028],{},[181,101030,644,101032,101034],{"id":101031},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101033,100290],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101036,101037,101038,32],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101039,100290],{},[20,101041,101042],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[40,101044,101046],{"className":42,"code":101045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101047,101048,101080,101097,101110,101127,101131,101160],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101049,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101051,3525],{"class":55},[49,101053,60],{"class":59},[49,101055,10398],{"class":85},[49,101057,1223],{"class":458},[49,101059,341],{"class":85},[49,101061,2896],{"class":458},[49,101063,341],{"class":85},[49,101065,2354],{"class":458},[49,101067,341],{"class":85},[49,101069,808],{"class":458},[49,101071,341],{"class":85},[49,101073,459],{"class":458},[49,101075,341],{"class":85},[49,101077,37548],{"class":458},[49,101079,9215],{"class":85},[49,101081,101082,101085,101087,101089,101091,101093,101095],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101083,101084],{"class":55},"group_a ",[49,101086,60],{"class":59},[49,101088,10398],{"class":85},[49,101090,312],{"class":458},[49,101092,341],{"class":85},[49,101094,808],{"class":458},[49,101096,9215],{"class":85},[49,101098,101099,101102,101104,101106,101108],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,101100,101101],{"class":55},"group_b ",[49,101103,60],{"class":59},[49,101105,10398],{"class":85},[49,101107,2040],{"class":458},[49,101109,9215],{"class":85},[49,101111,101112,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,101113,101114],{"class":55},"group_c ",[49,101116,60],{"class":59},[49,101118,10398],{"class":85},[49,101120,80470],{"class":458},[49,101122,341],{"class":85},[49,101124,493],{"class":458},[49,101126,9215],{"class":85},[49,101128,101129],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,101130,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,101132,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143,101145,101148,101150,101153,101155,101158],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,101134,2131],{"class":55},[49,101136,60],{"class":59},[49,101138,4169],{"class":55},[49,101140,32],{"class":85},[49,101142,2715],{"class":88},[49,101144,92],{"class":85},[49,101146,101147],{"class":88},"group_a",[49,101149,341],{"class":85},[49,101151,101152],{"class":88}," group_b",[49,101154,341],{"class":85},[49,101156,101157],{"class":88}," group_c",[49,101159,103],{"class":85},[49,101161,101162,101164,101166,101168],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,101163,110],{"class":109},[49,101165,92],{"class":85},[49,101167,2166],{"class":88},[49,101169,103],{"class":85},[20,101171,1974],{},[40,101173,101175],{"className":42,"code":101174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101176,101177],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101178,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101180,9184],{"class":85},[49,101182,1223],{"class":458},[49,101184,341],{"class":85},[49,101186,2354],{"class":458},[49,101188,9215],{"class":85},[20,101190,101191],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44816,101193],{},[181,101195,101197,983,101199],{"id":101196},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101198,100290],{},[15,101200,101201],{},"difference_update()",[20,101203,101204],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[353,101206,101207],{"id":2715},[15,101208,100290],{},[194,101210,101211,101214],{},[197,101212,101213],{},"Returns a new set",[197,101215,101216],{},"Does not change the original set",[40,101218,101220],{"className":42,"code":101219,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101221,101222,101246,101262,101266,101284,101288,101298],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101223,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101225,2457],{"class":55},[49,101227,60],{"class":59},[49,101229,10398],{"class":85},[49,101231,1223],{"class":458},[49,101233,341],{"class":85},[49,101235,2896],{"class":458},[49,101237,341],{"class":85},[49,101239,2354],{"class":458},[49,101241,341],{"class":85},[49,101243,808],{"class":458},[49,101245,9215],{"class":85},[49,101247,101248,101250,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101249,2485],{"class":55},[49,101251,60],{"class":59},[49,101253,10398],{"class":85},[49,101255,1965],{"class":458},[49,101257,341],{"class":85},[49,101259,808],{"class":458},[49,101261,9215],{"class":85},[49,101263,101264],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,101265,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,101267,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278,101280,101282],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,101269,2131],{"class":55},[49,101271,60],{"class":59},[49,101273,56785],{"class":55},[49,101275,32],{"class":85},[49,101277,2715],{"class":88},[49,101279,92],{"class":85},[49,101281,4667],{"class":88},[49,101283,103],{"class":85},[49,101285,101286],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,101287,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,101289,101290,101292,101294,101296],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,101291,110],{"class":109},[49,101293,92],{"class":85},[49,101295,2166],{"class":88},[49,101297,103],{"class":85},[49,101299,101300,101302,101304,101306],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,101301,110],{"class":109},[49,101303,92],{"class":85},[49,101305,820],{"class":88},[49,101307,103],{"class":85},[20,101309,1974],{},[40,101311,101313],{"className":42,"code":101312,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101314,101315,101327],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101316,101317,101319,101321,101323,101325],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101318,9184],{"class":85},[49,101320,1223],{"class":458},[49,101322,341],{"class":85},[49,101324,2896],{"class":458},[49,101326,9215],{"class":85},[49,101328,101329,101331,101333,101335,101337,101339,101341,101343,101345],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101330,9184],{"class":85},[49,101332,1223],{"class":458},[49,101334,341],{"class":85},[49,101336,2896],{"class":458},[49,101338,341],{"class":85},[49,101340,2354],{"class":458},[49,101342,341],{"class":85},[49,101344,808],{"class":458},[49,101346,9215],{"class":85},[353,101348,101350],{"id":101349},"difference_update",[15,101351,101201],{},[194,101353,101354,101357],{},[197,101355,101356],{},"Changes the original set",[197,101358,96195],{},[40,101360,101362],{"className":42,"code":101361,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101363,101364,101388,101404,101408,101422,101426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101365,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101367,2457],{"class":55},[49,101369,60],{"class":59},[49,101371,10398],{"class":85},[49,101373,1223],{"class":458},[49,101375,341],{"class":85},[49,101377,2896],{"class":458},[49,101379,341],{"class":85},[49,101381,2354],{"class":458},[49,101383,341],{"class":85},[49,101385,808],{"class":458},[49,101387,9215],{"class":85},[49,101389,101390,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101391,2485],{"class":55},[49,101393,60],{"class":59},[49,101395,10398],{"class":85},[49,101397,1965],{"class":458},[49,101399,341],{"class":85},[49,101401,808],{"class":458},[49,101403,9215],{"class":85},[49,101405,101406],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,101407,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,101409,101410,101412,101414,101416,101418,101420],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,101411,820],{"class":55},[49,101413,32],{"class":85},[49,101415,101349],{"class":88},[49,101417,92],{"class":85},[49,101419,4667],{"class":88},[49,101421,103],{"class":85},[49,101423,101424],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,101425,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,101427,101428,101430,101432,101434],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,101429,110],{"class":109},[49,101431,92],{"class":85},[49,101433,820],{"class":88},[49,101435,103],{"class":85},[20,101437,1974],{},[40,101439,101440],{"className":42,"code":100383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101441,101442],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101443,101444,101446,101448,101450,101452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101445,9184],{"class":85},[49,101447,1223],{"class":458},[49,101449,341],{"class":85},[49,101451,2896],{"class":458},[49,101453,9215],{"class":85},[20,101455,35,101456,101458],{},[15,101457,100290],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101460,101461,101462,33508],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101463,101201],{},[44816,101465],{},[181,101467,101469,101471,101472,101474],{"id":101468},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101470,100290],{}," vs the ",[15,101473,1926],{}," operator",[20,101476,661,101477,101479,101480,101482],{},[15,101478,1926],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101481,100290],{}," for two sets.",[40,101484,101486],{"className":42,"code":101485,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101487,101488,101512,101528,101532,101550],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101489,101490,101492,101494,101496,101498,101500,101502,101504,101506,101508,101510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101491,2457],{"class":55},[49,101493,60],{"class":59},[49,101495,10398],{"class":85},[49,101497,1223],{"class":458},[49,101499,341],{"class":85},[49,101501,2896],{"class":458},[49,101503,341],{"class":85},[49,101505,2354],{"class":458},[49,101507,341],{"class":85},[49,101509,808],{"class":458},[49,101511,9215],{"class":85},[49,101513,101514,101516,101518,101520,101522,101524,101526],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101515,2485],{"class":55},[49,101517,60],{"class":59},[49,101519,10398],{"class":85},[49,101521,1965],{"class":458},[49,101523,341],{"class":85},[49,101525,808],{"class":458},[49,101527,9215],{"class":85},[49,101529,101530],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,101531,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,101533,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,101535,110],{"class":109},[49,101537,92],{"class":85},[49,101539,820],{"class":88},[49,101541,32],{"class":85},[49,101543,2715],{"class":88},[49,101545,92],{"class":85},[49,101547,4667],{"class":88},[49,101549,1581],{"class":85},[49,101551,101552,101554,101556,101558,101560,101562],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,101553,110],{"class":109},[49,101555,92],{"class":85},[49,101557,2457],{"class":88},[49,101559,1926],{"class":59},[49,101561,2462],{"class":88},[49,101563,103],{"class":85},[20,101565,1974],{},[40,101567,101569],{"className":42,"code":101568,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101570,101571,101583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101572,101573,101575,101577,101579,101581],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101574,9184],{"class":85},[49,101576,1223],{"class":458},[49,101578,341],{"class":85},[49,101580,2896],{"class":458},[49,101582,9215],{"class":85},[49,101584,101585,101587,101589,101591,101593],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101586,9184],{"class":85},[49,101588,1223],{"class":458},[49,101590,341],{"class":85},[49,101592,2896],{"class":458},[49,101594,9215],{"class":85},[20,101596,101597],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101599,94465,101600,2394],{},[15,101601,100290],{},[194,101603,101604,101607,101610],{},[197,101605,101606],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[197,101608,101609],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[197,101611,101612],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101614,101615],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[40,101617,101619],{"className":42,"code":101618,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101620,101621,101649,101661,101673,101677],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101622,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101624,2457],{"class":55},[49,101626,60],{"class":59},[49,101628,10398],{"class":85},[49,101630,1223],{"class":458},[49,101632,341],{"class":85},[49,101634,2896],{"class":458},[49,101636,341],{"class":85},[49,101638,2354],{"class":458},[49,101640,341],{"class":85},[49,101642,808],{"class":458},[49,101644,341],{"class":85},[49,101646,459],{"class":458},[49,101648,9215],{"class":85},[49,101650,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101652,2485],{"class":55},[49,101654,60],{"class":59},[49,101656,10398],{"class":85},[49,101658,312],{"class":458},[49,101660,9215],{"class":85},[49,101662,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,101664,83062],{"class":55},[49,101666,60],{"class":59},[49,101668,10398],{"class":85},[49,101670,2407],{"class":458},[49,101672,9215],{"class":85},[49,101674,101675],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,101676,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,101678,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693,101695,101697],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,101680,110],{"class":109},[49,101682,92],{"class":85},[49,101684,820],{"class":88},[49,101686,32],{"class":85},[49,101688,2715],{"class":88},[49,101690,92],{"class":85},[49,101692,4667],{"class":88},[49,101694,341],{"class":85},[49,101696,9588],{"class":88},[49,101698,1581],{"class":85},[20,101700,1974],{},[40,101702,101704],{"className":42,"code":101703,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101705,101706],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101707,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718,101720],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101709,9184],{"class":85},[49,101711,1223],{"class":458},[49,101713,341],{"class":85},[49,101715,2354],{"class":458},[49,101717,341],{"class":85},[49,101719,459],{"class":458},[49,101721,9215],{"class":85},[20,101723,101724,101725,101727],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101726,1926],{}," operator expression.",[44816,101729],{},[181,101731,4425],{"id":4424},[20,101733,21121,101734,32],{},[15,101735,100290],{},[353,101737,101739],{"id":101738},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101741,4533,101742,101744,101745,1197],{},[666,101743,4536],{}," change ",[15,101746,820],{},[40,101748,101750],{"className":42,"code":101749,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101751,101752,101772,101784,101788,101802],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101753,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768,101770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101755,2457],{"class":55},[49,101757,60],{"class":59},[49,101759,10398],{"class":85},[49,101761,1223],{"class":458},[49,101763,341],{"class":85},[49,101765,2896],{"class":458},[49,101767,341],{"class":85},[49,101769,2354],{"class":458},[49,101771,9215],{"class":85},[49,101773,101774,101776,101778,101780,101782],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101775,2485],{"class":55},[49,101777,60],{"class":59},[49,101779,10398],{"class":85},[49,101781,1965],{"class":458},[49,101783,9215],{"class":85},[49,101785,101786],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,101787,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,101789,101790,101792,101794,101796,101798,101800],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,101791,820],{"class":55},[49,101793,32],{"class":85},[49,101795,2715],{"class":88},[49,101797,92],{"class":85},[49,101799,4667],{"class":88},[49,101801,103],{"class":85},[49,101803,101804,101806,101808,101810],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,101805,110],{"class":109},[49,101807,92],{"class":85},[49,101809,820],{"class":88},[49,101811,103],{"class":85},[20,101813,1974],{},[40,101815,101816],{"className":42,"code":96484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101817,101818],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101819,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101821,9184],{"class":85},[49,101823,1223],{"class":458},[49,101825,341],{"class":85},[49,101827,2896],{"class":458},[49,101829,341],{"class":85},[49,101831,2354],{"class":458},[49,101833,9215],{"class":85},[20,101835,101836],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[40,101838,101840],{"className":42,"code":101839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101841,101842,101862,101874,101878,101896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101843,101844,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854,101856,101858,101860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101845,2457],{"class":55},[49,101847,60],{"class":59},[49,101849,10398],{"class":85},[49,101851,1223],{"class":458},[49,101853,341],{"class":85},[49,101855,2896],{"class":458},[49,101857,341],{"class":85},[49,101859,2354],{"class":458},[49,101861,9215],{"class":85},[49,101863,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101865,2485],{"class":55},[49,101867,60],{"class":59},[49,101869,10398],{"class":85},[49,101871,1965],{"class":458},[49,101873,9215],{"class":85},[49,101875,101876],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,101877,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,101879,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,101881,2457],{"class":55},[49,101883,60],{"class":59},[49,101885,56785],{"class":55},[49,101887,32],{"class":85},[49,101889,2715],{"class":88},[49,101891,92],{"class":85},[49,101893,4667],{"class":88},[49,101895,103],{"class":85},[49,101897,101898,101900,101902,101904],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,101899,110],{"class":109},[49,101901,92],{"class":85},[49,101903,820],{"class":88},[49,101905,103],{"class":85},[20,101907,1974],{},[40,101909,101910],{"className":42,"code":100383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,101911,101912],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101913,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101915,9184],{"class":85},[49,101917,1223],{"class":458},[49,101919,341],{"class":85},[49,101921,2896],{"class":458},[49,101923,9215],{"class":85},[353,101925,101927],{"id":101926},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101929,101930,101933],{},[15,101931,101932],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[194,101935,101936,101941],{},[197,101937,101938,101939],{},"keep items from ",[15,101940,820],{},[197,101942,101943,101944],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101945,4667],{},[20,101947,40808,101948,101950,101951,101953],{},[666,101949,4536],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101952,4667],{},"”.",[20,101955,214],{},[40,101957,101959],{"className":42,"code":101958,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101960,101961,101981,102001,102005,102023],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,101962,101963,101965,101967,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,101964,2457],{"class":55},[49,101966,60],{"class":59},[49,101968,10398],{"class":85},[49,101970,1223],{"class":458},[49,101972,341],{"class":85},[49,101974,2896],{"class":458},[49,101976,341],{"class":85},[49,101978,2354],{"class":458},[49,101980,9215],{"class":85},[49,101982,101983,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993,101995,101997,101999],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,101984,2485],{"class":55},[49,101986,60],{"class":59},[49,101988,10398],{"class":85},[49,101990,1965],{"class":458},[49,101992,341],{"class":85},[49,101994,808],{"class":458},[49,101996,341],{"class":85},[49,101998,459],{"class":458},[49,102000,9215],{"class":85},[49,102002,102003],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,102004,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,102006,102007,102009,102011,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,102008,110],{"class":109},[49,102010,92],{"class":85},[49,102012,820],{"class":88},[49,102014,32],{"class":85},[49,102016,2715],{"class":88},[49,102018,92],{"class":85},[49,102020,4667],{"class":88},[49,102022,1581],{"class":85},[49,102024,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037,102039],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,102026,110],{"class":109},[49,102028,92],{"class":85},[49,102030,4667],{"class":88},[49,102032,32],{"class":85},[49,102034,2715],{"class":88},[49,102036,92],{"class":85},[49,102038,820],{"class":88},[49,102040,1581],{"class":85},[20,102042,1974],{},[40,102044,102046],{"className":42,"code":102045,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102047,102048,102060],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102049,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102051,9184],{"class":85},[49,102053,1223],{"class":458},[49,102055,341],{"class":85},[49,102057,2896],{"class":458},[49,102059,9215],{"class":85},[49,102061,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,102063,9184],{"class":85},[49,102065,2407],{"class":458},[49,102067,341],{"class":85},[49,102069,459],{"class":458},[49,102071,9215],{"class":85},[20,102073,102074],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[353,102076,102078],{"id":102077},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102080,102081,102083],{},[15,102082,100290],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102085,55216],{},[40,102087,102089],{"className":42,"code":102088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102090,102091,102111,102127,102131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102092,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101,102103,102105,102107,102109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102094,2457],{"class":55},[49,102096,60],{"class":59},[49,102098,3530],{"class":85},[49,102100,1223],{"class":458},[49,102102,341],{"class":85},[49,102104,2896],{"class":458},[49,102106,341],{"class":85},[49,102108,2354],{"class":458},[49,102110,1244],{"class":85},[49,102112,102113,102115,102117,102119,102121,102123,102125],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,102114,2485],{"class":55},[49,102116,60],{"class":59},[49,102118,3530],{"class":85},[49,102120,1965],{"class":458},[49,102122,341],{"class":85},[49,102124,808],{"class":458},[49,102126,1244],{"class":85},[49,102128,102129],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,102130,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,102132,102133],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,102134,102135],{"class":121},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102137,102138],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[40,102140,102142],{"className":42,"code":102141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102143,102144,102164,102180,102184,102210],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102145,102146,102148,102150,102152,102154,102156,102158,102160,102162],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102147,2457],{"class":55},[49,102149,60],{"class":59},[49,102151,3530],{"class":85},[49,102153,1223],{"class":458},[49,102155,341],{"class":85},[49,102157,2896],{"class":458},[49,102159,341],{"class":85},[49,102161,2354],{"class":458},[49,102163,1244],{"class":85},[49,102165,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174,102176,102178],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,102167,2485],{"class":55},[49,102169,60],{"class":59},[49,102171,3530],{"class":85},[49,102173,1965],{"class":458},[49,102175,341],{"class":85},[49,102177,808],{"class":458},[49,102179,1244],{"class":85},[49,102181,102182],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,102183,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,102185,102186,102188,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198,102200,102202,102204,102206,102208],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,102187,2131],{"class":55},[49,102189,60],{"class":59},[49,102191,15544],{"class":2804},[49,102193,92],{"class":85},[49,102195,820],{"class":88},[49,102197,8538],{"class":85},[49,102199,2715],{"class":88},[49,102201,92],{"class":85},[49,102203,6194],{"class":2804},[49,102205,92],{"class":85},[49,102207,4667],{"class":88},[49,102209,1581],{"class":85},[49,102211,102212,102214,102216,102218],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,102213,110],{"class":109},[49,102215,92],{"class":85},[49,102217,2166],{"class":88},[49,102219,103],{"class":85},[20,102221,1974],{},[40,102223,102224],{"className":42,"code":100383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,102225,102226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102227,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102229,9184],{"class":85},[49,102231,1223],{"class":458},[49,102233,341],{"class":85},[49,102235,2896],{"class":458},[49,102237,9215],{"class":85},[353,102239,102241],{"id":102240},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102243,102244],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[40,102246,102248],{"className":42,"code":102247,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102249,102250,102282,102298,102302],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102251,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102253,2457],{"class":55},[49,102255,60],{"class":59},[49,102257,10398],{"class":85},[49,102259,95],{"class":63},[49,102261,36952],{"class":67},[49,102263,95],{"class":63},[49,102265,341],{"class":85},[49,102267,64],{"class":63},[49,102269,58023],{"class":67},[49,102271,95],{"class":63},[49,102273,341],{"class":85},[49,102275,64],{"class":63},[49,102277,58040],{"class":67},[49,102279,95],{"class":63},[49,102281,9215],{"class":85},[49,102283,102284,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,102285,2485],{"class":55},[49,102287,60],{"class":59},[49,102289,10398],{"class":85},[49,102291,95],{"class":63},[49,102293,58023],{"class":67},[49,102295,95],{"class":63},[49,102297,9215],{"class":85},[49,102299,102300],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,102301,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,102303,102304,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,102305,110],{"class":109},[49,102307,92],{"class":85},[49,102309,820],{"class":88},[49,102311,32],{"class":85},[49,102313,2715],{"class":88},[49,102315,92],{"class":85},[49,102317,4667],{"class":88},[49,102319,1581],{"class":85},[20,102321,102322],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[353,102324,102326],{"id":102325},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102328,102329],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[40,102331,102333],{"className":42,"code":102332,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102334,102335,102363,102375,102379,102389],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102336,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102338,2457],{"class":55},[49,102340,60],{"class":59},[49,102342,10398],{"class":85},[49,102344,1223],{"class":458},[49,102346,341],{"class":85},[49,102348,1264],{"class":458},[49,102350,341],{"class":85},[49,102352,2896],{"class":458},[49,102354,341],{"class":85},[49,102356,2896],{"class":458},[49,102358,341],{"class":85},[49,102360,2354],{"class":458},[49,102362,9215],{"class":85},[49,102364,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,102366,2485],{"class":55},[49,102368,60],{"class":59},[49,102370,10398],{"class":85},[49,102372,1965],{"class":458},[49,102374,9215],{"class":85},[49,102376,102377],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,102378,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,102380,102381,102383,102385,102387],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,102382,110],{"class":109},[49,102384,92],{"class":85},[49,102386,820],{"class":88},[49,102388,103],{"class":85},[49,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,102392,110],{"class":109},[49,102394,92],{"class":85},[49,102396,820],{"class":88},[49,102398,32],{"class":85},[49,102400,2715],{"class":88},[49,102402,92],{"class":85},[49,102404,4667],{"class":88},[49,102406,1581],{"class":85},[20,102408,1974],{},[40,102410,102412],{"className":42,"code":102411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102413,102414,102430],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102415,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424,102426,102428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102417,9184],{"class":85},[49,102419,1223],{"class":458},[49,102421,341],{"class":85},[49,102423,2896],{"class":458},[49,102425,341],{"class":85},[49,102427,2354],{"class":458},[49,102429,9215],{"class":85},[49,102431,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,102433,9184],{"class":85},[49,102435,1223],{"class":458},[49,102437,341],{"class":85},[49,102439,2896],{"class":458},[49,102441,9215],{"class":85},[20,102443,102444,102445,102447],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102446,100290],{}," runs.",[353,102449,102451],{"id":102450},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102453,102454],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[40,102456,102458],{"className":42,"code":102457,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102459,102460,102484,102504,102508,102518,102528,102546,102568],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102461,102462,102464,102466,102468,102470,102472,102474,102476,102478,102480,102482],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102463,2457],{"class":55},[49,102465,60],{"class":59},[49,102467,10398],{"class":85},[49,102469,1223],{"class":458},[49,102471,341],{"class":85},[49,102473,2896],{"class":458},[49,102475,341],{"class":85},[49,102477,2354],{"class":458},[49,102479,341],{"class":85},[49,102481,808],{"class":458},[49,102483,9215],{"class":85},[49,102485,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,102487,2485],{"class":55},[49,102489,60],{"class":59},[49,102491,10398],{"class":85},[49,102493,1965],{"class":458},[49,102495,341],{"class":85},[49,102497,808],{"class":458},[49,102499,341],{"class":85},[49,102501,459],{"class":458},[49,102503,9215],{"class":85},[49,102505,102506],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,102507,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,102509,102510,102512,102514,102516],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,102511,110],{"class":109},[49,102513,92],{"class":85},[49,102515,820],{"class":88},[49,102517,103],{"class":85},[49,102519,102520,102522,102524,102526],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,102521,110],{"class":109},[49,102523,92],{"class":85},[49,102525,4667],{"class":88},[49,102527,103],{"class":85},[49,102529,102530,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,102531,110],{"class":109},[49,102533,92],{"class":85},[49,102535,820],{"class":88},[49,102537,32],{"class":85},[49,102539,2715],{"class":88},[49,102541,92],{"class":85},[49,102543,4667],{"class":88},[49,102545,1581],{"class":85},[49,102547,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,102549,110],{"class":109},[49,102551,92],{"class":85},[49,102553,3127],{"class":2804},[49,102555,92],{"class":85},[49,102557,820],{"class":88},[49,102559,32],{"class":85},[49,102561,2715],{"class":88},[49,102563,92],{"class":85},[49,102565,4667],{"class":88},[49,102567,2815],{"class":85},[49,102569,102570,102572,102574,102576,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,102571,110],{"class":109},[49,102573,92],{"class":85},[49,102575,1631],{"class":109},[49,102577,92],{"class":85},[49,102579,820],{"class":88},[49,102581,32],{"class":85},[49,102583,2715],{"class":88},[49,102585,92],{"class":85},[49,102587,4667],{"class":88},[49,102589,2815],{"class":85},[20,102591,11077],{},[194,102593,102594,102597,102600,102603],{},[197,102595,102596],{},"what is in each set",[197,102598,102599],{},"what result Python creates",[197,102601,102602],{},"that the result is a set",[197,102604,102605],{},"how many items remain",[44816,102607],{},[181,102609,1704],{"id":1703},[353,102611,1720,102613,102615],{"id":102612},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102614,100290],{}," change the original set?",[20,102617,102618],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[353,102620,1740,102622,380,102624,2394],{"id":102621},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102623,100290],{},[15,102625,101201],{},[20,102627,102628,102630,102631,102633],{},[15,102629,100290],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102632,101201],{}," modifies the original set.",[353,102635,1760,102637,102639],{"id":102636},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102638,100290],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102641,102642],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[353,102644,102646],{"id":102645},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102648,102649],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44816,102651],{},[181,102653,1775],{"id":1774},[194,102655,102656,102660,102668],{},[197,102657,102658],{},[820,102659,96205],{"href":97376},[197,102661,102662],{},[820,102663,96691,102665,1785],{"href":102664},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102666,102667],{},"intersection()",[197,102669,102670],{},[820,102671,96691,102673,1785],{"href":102672},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102674,102675],{},"union()",[1834,102677,102678],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":102680},[102681,102682,102684,102685,102686,102687,102689,102694,102696,102704,102713],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":100412,"depth":74,"text":102683},"What difference() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":101031,"depth":74,"text":102688},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101196,"depth":74,"text":102690,"children":102691},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102692,102693],{"id":2715,"depth":106,"text":100290},{"id":101349,"depth":106,"text":101201},{"id":101468,"depth":74,"text":102695},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":102697},[102698,102699,102700,102701,102702,102703],{"id":101738,"depth":106,"text":101739},{"id":101926,"depth":106,"text":101927},{"id":102077,"depth":106,"text":102078},{"id":102240,"depth":106,"text":102241},{"id":102325,"depth":106,"text":102326},{"id":102450,"depth":106,"text":102451},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":102705},[102706,102708,102710,102712],{"id":102612,"depth":106,"text":102707},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102621,"depth":106,"text":102709},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102636,"depth":106,"text":102711},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102645,"depth":106,"text":102646},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100282,"description":102714},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102721,"title":102722,"body":102723,"description":104418,"extension":1866,"meta":104419,"navigation":128,"path":104420,"seo":104421,"stem":104422,"__hash__":104423},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102724,"toc":104380},[102725,102731,102737,102750,102752,102853,102855,102900,102905,102910,102914,102928,102931,102939,102941,102960,102978,102982,103035,103037,103058,103065,103070,103097,103104,103203,103205,103242,103250,103254,103260,103263,103336,103338,103346,103351,103420,103422,103447,103449,103452,103555,103557,103618,103621,103625,103631,103704,103706,103739,103742,103745,103785,103791,103814,103819,103823,103834,103837,103839,103843,103849,103851,103908,103918,103920,103973,103980,103985,104053,104061,104067,104071,104073,104112,104117,104166,104170,104173,104175,104214,104217,104219,104224,104281,104283,104297,104299,104303,104309,104314,104319,104326,104337,104343,104348,104350,104377],[10,102726,96077,102728,18],{"id":102727},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102729,102730],{},"discard()",[20,102732,102733,102736],{},[15,102734,102735],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102738,102739,102740,2091,102745,13963,102747,102749],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[820,102741,102742],{"href":98086},[15,102743,102744],{},"set.remove()",[15,102746,102730],{},[666,102748,4536],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[181,102751,1907],{"id":1906},[40,102753,102755],{"className":42,"code":102754,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102756,102757,102789,102808,102818,102822,102843],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102758,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102760,12984],{"class":55},[49,102762,60],{"class":59},[49,102764,10398],{"class":85},[49,102766,95],{"class":63},[49,102768,13001],{"class":67},[49,102770,95],{"class":63},[49,102772,341],{"class":85},[49,102774,64],{"class":63},[49,102776,13018],{"class":67},[49,102778,95],{"class":63},[49,102780,341],{"class":85},[49,102782,64],{"class":63},[49,102784,17365],{"class":67},[49,102786,95],{"class":63},[49,102788,9215],{"class":85},[49,102790,102791,102793,102795,102798,102800,102802,102804,102806],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,102792,17412],{"class":55},[49,102794,32],{"class":85},[49,102796,102797],{"class":88},"discard",[49,102799,92],{"class":85},[49,102801,95],{"class":63},[49,102803,13018],{"class":67},[49,102805,95],{"class":63},[49,102807,103],{"class":85},[49,102809,102810,102812,102814,102816],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,102811,110],{"class":109},[49,102813,92],{"class":85},[49,102815,17412],{"class":88},[49,102817,103],{"class":85},[49,102819,102820],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,102821,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,102823,102824,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,102825,17412],{"class":55},[49,102827,32],{"class":85},[49,102829,102797],{"class":88},[49,102831,92],{"class":85},[49,102833,95],{"class":63},[49,102835,22433],{"class":67},[49,102837,95],{"class":63},[49,102839,118],{"class":85},[49,102841,102842],{"class":121},"  # no error if missing\n",[49,102844,102845,102847,102849,102851],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,102846,110],{"class":109},[49,102848,92],{"class":85},[49,102850,17412],{"class":88},[49,102852,103],{"class":85},[20,102854,29935],{},[40,102856,102858],{"className":42,"code":102857,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102859,102860,102880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102861,102862,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872,102874,102876,102878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102863,9184],{"class":85},[49,102865,1573],{"class":63},[49,102867,13001],{"class":67},[49,102869,1573],{"class":63},[49,102871,341],{"class":85},[49,102873,3202],{"class":63},[49,102875,17365],{"class":67},[49,102877,1573],{"class":63},[49,102879,9215],{"class":85},[49,102881,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,102883,9184],{"class":85},[49,102885,1573],{"class":63},[49,102887,13001],{"class":67},[49,102889,1573],{"class":63},[49,102891,341],{"class":85},[49,102893,3202],{"class":63},[49,102895,17365],{"class":67},[49,102897,1573],{"class":63},[49,102899,9215],{"class":85},[20,102901,35,102902,102904],{},[15,102903,102730],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[181,102906,184,102908,187],{"id":102907},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102909,102735],{},[20,102911,102912,1197],{},[15,102913,102730],{},[194,102915,102916,102919,102922,102924],{},[197,102917,102918],{},"Removes one item from a set",[197,102920,102921],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[197,102923,96192],{},[197,102925,205,102926],{},[15,102927,3684],{},[20,102929,102930],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102932,96201,102933,634,102936,32],{},[820,102934,102935],{"href":98668},"what a set is in Python",[820,102937,102938],{"href":97760},"how to create a set",[181,102940,316],{"id":315},[40,102942,102944],{"className":42,"code":102943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102945,102946],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102947,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956,102958],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102949,15577],{"class":55},[49,102951,32],{"class":85},[49,102953,102797],{"class":88},[49,102955,92],{"class":85},[49,102957,338],{"class":88},[49,102959,103],{"class":85},[194,102961,102962,102967,102972,102975],{},[197,102963,102964,102966],{},[15,102965,15577],{}," is the set you want to change",[197,102968,102969,102971],{},[15,102970,338],{}," is the item you want to remove",[197,102973,102974],{},"The set must already exist",[197,102976,102977],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[353,102979,102981],{"id":102980},"example","Example",[40,102983,102985],{"className":42,"code":102984,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102986,102987,103011,103025],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,102988,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,102990,3525],{"class":55},[49,102992,60],{"class":59},[49,102994,10398],{"class":85},[49,102996,1223],{"class":458},[49,102998,341],{"class":85},[49,103000,2896],{"class":458},[49,103002,341],{"class":85},[49,103004,2354],{"class":458},[49,103006,341],{"class":85},[49,103008,808],{"class":458},[49,103010,9215],{"class":85},[49,103012,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103014,3556],{"class":55},[49,103016,32],{"class":85},[49,103018,102797],{"class":88},[49,103020,92],{"class":85},[49,103022,1965],{"class":458},[49,103024,103],{"class":85},[49,103026,103027,103029,103031,103033],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,103028,110],{"class":109},[49,103030,92],{"class":85},[49,103032,3556],{"class":88},[49,103034,103],{"class":85},[20,103036,1974],{},[40,103038,103040],{"className":42,"code":103039,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103041,103042],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103043,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054,103056],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103045,9184],{"class":85},[49,103047,1223],{"class":458},[49,103049,341],{"class":85},[49,103051,2896],{"class":458},[49,103053,341],{"class":85},[49,103055,808],{"class":458},[49,103057,9215],{"class":85},[181,103059,103061,103062,103064],{"id":103060},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103063,102730],{}," different",[20,103066,103067,103069],{},[15,103068,102730],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[194,103071,103072,103085,103094],{},[197,103073,103074,103075,2091,103079,103081,103082,103084],{},"Unlike ",[820,103076,103077],{"href":98086},[15,103078,55426],{},[15,103080,102730],{}," does not raise ",[15,103083,19598],{}," when the item is missing",[197,103086,103074,103087,2091,103091,103093],{},[820,103088,103089],{"href":98091},[15,103090,12670],{},[15,103092,102730],{}," removes a specific item",[197,103095,103096],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[353,103098,103100,983,103102],{"id":103099},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103101,102730],{},[15,103103,55426],{},[40,103105,103107],{"className":42,"code":103106,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103108,103109,103133,103137,103158,103168,103172,103193],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103110,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103112,7687],{"class":55},[49,103114,60],{"class":59},[49,103116,10398],{"class":85},[49,103118,95],{"class":63},[49,103120,3985],{"class":67},[49,103122,95],{"class":63},[49,103124,341],{"class":85},[49,103126,64],{"class":63},[49,103128,230],{"class":67},[49,103130,95],{"class":63},[49,103132,9215],{"class":85},[49,103134,103135],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103136,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103138,103139,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,103140,7718],{"class":55},[49,103142,32],{"class":85},[49,103144,102797],{"class":88},[49,103146,92],{"class":85},[49,103148,95],{"class":63},[49,103150,33128],{"class":67},[49,103152,95],{"class":63},[49,103154,118],{"class":85},[49,103156,103157],{"class":121},"   # no error\n",[49,103159,103160,103162,103164,103166],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,103161,110],{"class":109},[49,103163,92],{"class":85},[49,103165,7718],{"class":88},[49,103167,103],{"class":85},[49,103169,103170],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,103171,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103173,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,103175,7718],{"class":55},[49,103177,32],{"class":85},[49,103179,34701],{"class":88},[49,103181,92],{"class":85},[49,103183,95],{"class":63},[49,103185,230],{"class":67},[49,103187,95],{"class":63},[49,103189,118],{"class":85},[49,103191,103192],{"class":121},"    # removes existing item\n",[49,103194,103195,103197,103199,103201],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,103196,110],{"class":109},[49,103198,92],{"class":85},[49,103200,7718],{"class":88},[49,103202,103],{"class":85},[20,103204,1974],{},[40,103206,103208],{"className":42,"code":103207,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103209,103210,103230],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103211,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226,103228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103213,9184],{"class":85},[49,103215,1573],{"class":63},[49,103217,3985],{"class":67},[49,103219,1573],{"class":63},[49,103221,341],{"class":85},[49,103223,3202],{"class":63},[49,103225,230],{"class":67},[49,103227,1573],{"class":63},[49,103229,9215],{"class":85},[49,103231,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103233,9184],{"class":85},[49,103235,1573],{"class":63},[49,103237,3985],{"class":67},[49,103239,1573],{"class":63},[49,103241,9215],{"class":85},[20,103243,40246,103244,103246,103247,103249],{},[15,103245,55426],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[820,103248,10982],{"href":10981}," for more help with that case.",[181,103251,103253],{"id":103252},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103255,103256,1000,103258,32],{},[15,103257,102730],{},[15,103259,3684],{},[20,103261,103262],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[40,103264,103266],{"className":42,"code":103265,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103267,103268,103300,103322,103326],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103269,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103271,12984],{"class":55},[49,103273,60],{"class":59},[49,103275,10398],{"class":85},[49,103277,95],{"class":63},[49,103279,13001],{"class":67},[49,103281,95],{"class":63},[49,103283,341],{"class":85},[49,103285,64],{"class":63},[49,103287,13018],{"class":67},[49,103289,95],{"class":63},[49,103291,341],{"class":85},[49,103293,64],{"class":63},[49,103295,17365],{"class":67},[49,103297,95],{"class":63},[49,103299,9215],{"class":85},[49,103301,103302,103304,103306,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103303,2131],{"class":55},[49,103305,60],{"class":59},[49,103307,13032],{"class":55},[49,103309,32],{"class":85},[49,103311,102797],{"class":88},[49,103313,92],{"class":85},[49,103315,95],{"class":63},[49,103317,13018],{"class":67},[49,103319,95],{"class":63},[49,103321,103],{"class":85},[49,103323,103324],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,103325,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103327,103328,103330,103332,103334],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,103329,110],{"class":109},[49,103331,92],{"class":85},[49,103333,2166],{"class":88},[49,103335,103],{"class":85},[20,103337,1974],{},[40,103339,103340],{"className":42,"code":11715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,103341,103342],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103343,103344],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103345,11715],{"class":3757},[20,103347,103348,103349,1197],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103350,17412],{},[40,103352,103354],{"className":42,"code":103353,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103355,103356,103388,103406,103410],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103357,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382,103384,103386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103359,12984],{"class":55},[49,103361,60],{"class":59},[49,103363,10398],{"class":85},[49,103365,95],{"class":63},[49,103367,13001],{"class":67},[49,103369,95],{"class":63},[49,103371,341],{"class":85},[49,103373,64],{"class":63},[49,103375,13018],{"class":67},[49,103377,95],{"class":63},[49,103379,341],{"class":85},[49,103381,64],{"class":63},[49,103383,17365],{"class":67},[49,103385,95],{"class":63},[49,103387,9215],{"class":85},[49,103389,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103391,17412],{"class":55},[49,103393,32],{"class":85},[49,103395,102797],{"class":88},[49,103397,92],{"class":85},[49,103399,95],{"class":63},[49,103401,13018],{"class":67},[49,103403,95],{"class":63},[49,103405,103],{"class":85},[49,103407,103408],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,103409,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103411,103412,103414,103416,103418],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,103413,110],{"class":109},[49,103415,92],{"class":85},[49,103417,17412],{"class":88},[49,103419,103],{"class":85},[20,103421,1974],{},[40,103423,103425],{"className":42,"code":103424,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103426,103427],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103428,103429,103431,103433,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103430,9184],{"class":85},[49,103432,1573],{"class":63},[49,103434,13001],{"class":67},[49,103436,1573],{"class":63},[49,103438,341],{"class":85},[49,103440,3202],{"class":63},[49,103442,17365],{"class":67},[49,103444,1573],{"class":63},[49,103446,9215],{"class":85},[181,103448,11381],{"id":11380},[20,103450,103451],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[40,103453,103455],{"className":42,"code":103454,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103456,103457,103489,103493,103511,103515,103533,103537],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103458,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103460,36143],{"class":55},[49,103462,60],{"class":59},[49,103464,10398],{"class":85},[49,103466,95],{"class":63},[49,103468,3985],{"class":67},[49,103470,95],{"class":63},[49,103472,341],{"class":85},[49,103474,64],{"class":63},[49,103476,230],{"class":67},[49,103478,95],{"class":63},[49,103480,341],{"class":85},[49,103482,64],{"class":63},[49,103484,33128],{"class":67},[49,103486,95],{"class":63},[49,103488,9215],{"class":85},[49,103490,103491],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103492,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103494,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,103496,110],{"class":109},[49,103498,92],{"class":85},[49,103500,95],{"class":63},[49,103502,11470],{"class":67},[49,103504,95],{"class":63},[49,103506,341],{"class":85},[49,103508,52749],{"class":88},[49,103510,103],{"class":85},[49,103512,103513],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,103514,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103516,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,103518,36195],{"class":55},[49,103520,32],{"class":85},[49,103522,102797],{"class":88},[49,103524,92],{"class":85},[49,103526,95],{"class":63},[49,103528,230],{"class":67},[49,103530,95],{"class":63},[49,103532,103],{"class":85},[49,103534,103535],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,103536,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103538,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,103540,110],{"class":109},[49,103542,92],{"class":85},[49,103544,95],{"class":63},[49,103546,11510],{"class":67},[49,103548,95],{"class":63},[49,103550,341],{"class":85},[49,103552,52749],{"class":88},[49,103554,103],{"class":85},[20,103556,1974],{},[40,103558,103560],{"className":42,"code":103559,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103561,103562,103594],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103563,103564,103566,103568,103570,103572,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590,103592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103565,11530],{"class":55},[49,103567,1197],{"class":85},[49,103569,10398],{"class":85},[49,103571,1573],{"class":63},[49,103573,230],{"class":67},[49,103575,1573],{"class":63},[49,103577,341],{"class":85},[49,103579,3202],{"class":63},[49,103581,3985],{"class":67},[49,103583,1573],{"class":63},[49,103585,341],{"class":85},[49,103587,3202],{"class":63},[49,103589,33128],{"class":67},[49,103591,1573],{"class":63},[49,103593,9215],{"class":85},[49,103595,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608,103610,103612,103614,103616],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103597,11583],{"class":55},[49,103599,1197],{"class":85},[49,103601,10398],{"class":85},[49,103603,1573],{"class":63},[49,103605,3985],{"class":67},[49,103607,1573],{"class":63},[49,103609,341],{"class":85},[49,103611,3202],{"class":63},[49,103613,33128],{"class":67},[49,103615,1573],{"class":63},[49,103617,9215],{"class":85},[20,103619,103620],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[181,103622,103624],{"id":103623},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103626,103627,103628,103630],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103629,102730],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[40,103632,103634],{"className":42,"code":103633,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103635,103636,103668,103672,103690,103694],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103637,103638,103640,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103639,36143],{"class":55},[49,103641,60],{"class":59},[49,103643,10398],{"class":85},[49,103645,95],{"class":63},[49,103647,3985],{"class":67},[49,103649,95],{"class":63},[49,103651,341],{"class":85},[49,103653,64],{"class":63},[49,103655,230],{"class":67},[49,103657,95],{"class":63},[49,103659,341],{"class":85},[49,103661,64],{"class":63},[49,103663,33128],{"class":67},[49,103665,95],{"class":63},[49,103667,9215],{"class":85},[49,103669,103670],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103671,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103673,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,103675,36195],{"class":55},[49,103677,32],{"class":85},[49,103679,102797],{"class":88},[49,103681,92],{"class":85},[49,103683,95],{"class":63},[49,103685,22442],{"class":67},[49,103687,95],{"class":63},[49,103689,103],{"class":85},[49,103691,103692],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,103693,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103695,103696,103698,103700,103702],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,103697,110],{"class":109},[49,103699,92],{"class":85},[49,103701,36195],{"class":88},[49,103703,103],{"class":85},[20,103705,1974],{},[40,103707,103709],{"className":42,"code":103708,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103710,103711],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103712,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103714,9184],{"class":85},[49,103716,1573],{"class":63},[49,103718,230],{"class":67},[49,103720,1573],{"class":63},[49,103722,341],{"class":85},[49,103724,3202],{"class":63},[49,103726,3985],{"class":67},[49,103728,1573],{"class":63},[49,103730,341],{"class":85},[49,103732,3202],{"class":63},[49,103734,33128],{"class":67},[49,103736,1573],{"class":63},[49,103738,9215],{"class":85},[20,103740,103741],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103743,103744],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[40,103746,103748],{"className":42,"code":103747,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103749,103750,103766],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103751,103752,103754,103756,103758,103760,103762,103764],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103753,1211],{"class":1210},[49,103755,64],{"class":63},[49,103757,22442],{"class":67},[49,103759,95],{"class":63},[49,103761,21083],{"class":59},[49,103763,52749],{"class":55},[49,103765,1226],{"class":85},[49,103767,103768,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103769,103770],{"class":55},"    fruits",[49,103772,32],{"class":85},[49,103774,34701],{"class":88},[49,103776,92],{"class":85},[49,103778,95],{"class":63},[49,103780,22442],{"class":67},[49,103782,95],{"class":63},[49,103784,103],{"class":85},[20,103786,103787,103788,103790],{},"With ",[15,103789,102730],{},", you can simply write:",[40,103792,103794],{"className":42,"code":103793,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103795,103796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103797,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103799,36195],{"class":55},[49,103801,32],{"class":85},[49,103803,102797],{"class":88},[49,103805,92],{"class":85},[49,103807,95],{"class":63},[49,103809,22442],{"class":67},[49,103811,95],{"class":63},[49,103813,103],{"class":85},[181,103815,4868,103817],{"id":103816},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103818,102730],{},[20,103820,35,103821,10508],{},[15,103822,102730],{},[194,103824,103825,103828,103831],{},[197,103826,103827],{},"Missing values are normal",[197,103829,103830],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[197,103832,103833],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103835,103836],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[181,103838,1308],{"id":1307},[20,103840,8355,103841,32],{},[15,103842,102730],{},[353,103844,1318,103846,103848],{"id":103845},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103847,102730],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103850,4432],{},[40,103852,103854],{"className":42,"code":103853,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103855,103856,103876,103894,103898],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103857,103858,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870,103872,103874],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103859,3525],{"class":55},[49,103861,60],{"class":59},[49,103863,10398],{"class":85},[49,103865,1223],{"class":458},[49,103867,341],{"class":85},[49,103869,2896],{"class":458},[49,103871,341],{"class":85},[49,103873,2354],{"class":458},[49,103875,9215],{"class":85},[49,103877,103878,103880,103882,103884,103886,103888,103890,103892],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103879,3525],{"class":55},[49,103881,60],{"class":59},[49,103883,4169],{"class":55},[49,103885,32],{"class":85},[49,103887,102797],{"class":88},[49,103889,92],{"class":85},[49,103891,312],{"class":458},[49,103893,103],{"class":85},[49,103895,103896],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,103897,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103899,103900,103902,103904,103906],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,103901,110],{"class":109},[49,103903,92],{"class":85},[49,103905,3556],{"class":88},[49,103907,103],{"class":85},[20,103909,103910,42055,103912,8508,103914,1000,103916,32],{},[15,103911,3556],{},[15,103913,3684],{},[15,103915,102730],{},[15,103917,3684],{},[20,103919,18751],{},[40,103921,103923],{"className":42,"code":103922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103924,103925,103945,103959,103963],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103926,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937,103939,103941,103943],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103928,3525],{"class":55},[49,103930,60],{"class":59},[49,103932,10398],{"class":85},[49,103934,1223],{"class":458},[49,103936,341],{"class":85},[49,103938,2896],{"class":458},[49,103940,341],{"class":85},[49,103942,2354],{"class":458},[49,103944,9215],{"class":85},[49,103946,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,103948,3556],{"class":55},[49,103950,32],{"class":85},[49,103952,102797],{"class":88},[49,103954,92],{"class":85},[49,103956,312],{"class":458},[49,103958,103],{"class":85},[49,103960,103961],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,103962,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,103964,103965,103967,103969,103971],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,103966,110],{"class":109},[49,103968,92],{"class":85},[49,103970,3556],{"class":88},[49,103972,103],{"class":85},[353,103974,1339,103976,1342,103978],{"id":103975},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103977,102730],{},[15,103979,55426],{},[20,103981,103982,103983,32],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103984,102730],{},[40,103986,103988],{"className":42,"code":103987,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103989,103990,104022,104043],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,103991,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004,104006,104008,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,103993,35994],{"class":55},[49,103995,60],{"class":59},[49,103997,10398],{"class":85},[49,103999,95],{"class":63},[49,104001,820],{"class":67},[49,104003,95],{"class":63},[49,104005,341],{"class":85},[49,104007,64],{"class":63},[49,104009,4667],{"class":67},[49,104011,95],{"class":63},[49,104013,341],{"class":85},[49,104015,64],{"class":63},[49,104017,9646],{"class":67},[49,104019,95],{"class":63},[49,104021,9215],{"class":85},[49,104023,104024,104026,104028,104030,104032,104034,104036,104038,104040],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104025,36047],{"class":55},[49,104027,32],{"class":85},[49,104029,102797],{"class":88},[49,104031,92],{"class":85},[49,104033,95],{"class":63},[49,104035,618],{"class":67},[49,104037,95],{"class":63},[49,104039,118],{"class":85},[49,104041,104042],{"class":121},"   # safe\n",[49,104044,104045,104047,104049,104051],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,104046,110],{"class":109},[49,104048,92],{"class":85},[49,104050,36047],{"class":88},[49,104052,103],{"class":85},[20,104054,104055,104056,45807,104059,32],{},"If you use ",[15,104057,104058],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104060,19598],{},[353,104062,25527,104064,104066],{"id":104063},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104065,102730],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104068,104069,102083],{},[15,104070,102730],{},[20,104072,16555],{},[40,104074,104076],{"className":42,"code":104075,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104077,104078,104098],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104079,104080,104082,104084,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094,104096],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104081,7687],{"class":55},[49,104083,60],{"class":59},[49,104085,3530],{"class":85},[49,104087,1223],{"class":458},[49,104089,341],{"class":85},[49,104091,2896],{"class":458},[49,104093,341],{"class":85},[49,104095,2354],{"class":458},[49,104097,1244],{"class":85},[49,104099,104100,104102,104104,104106,104108,104110],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104101,7718],{"class":55},[49,104103,32],{"class":85},[49,104105,102797],{"class":88},[49,104107,92],{"class":85},[49,104109,312],{"class":458},[49,104111,103],{"class":85},[20,104113,104114,104115,1197],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104116,102730],{},[40,104118,104120],{"className":42,"code":104119,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104121,104122,104142,104156],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104123,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104125,7687],{"class":55},[49,104127,60],{"class":59},[49,104129,10398],{"class":85},[49,104131,1223],{"class":458},[49,104133,341],{"class":85},[49,104135,2896],{"class":458},[49,104137,341],{"class":85},[49,104139,2354],{"class":458},[49,104141,9215],{"class":85},[49,104143,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152,104154],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104145,7718],{"class":55},[49,104147,32],{"class":85},[49,104149,102797],{"class":88},[49,104151,92],{"class":85},[49,104153,312],{"class":458},[49,104155,103],{"class":85},[49,104157,104158,104160,104162,104164],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,104159,110],{"class":109},[49,104161,92],{"class":85},[49,104163,7718],{"class":88},[49,104165,103],{"class":85},[353,104167,104169],{"id":104168},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104171,104172],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104174,2739],{},[40,104176,104178],{"className":42,"code":104177,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104179,104180,104200],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104181,104182,104184,104186,104188,104190,104192,104194,104196,104198],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104183,9071],{"class":55},[49,104185,60],{"class":59},[49,104187,10398],{"class":85},[49,104189,1223],{"class":458},[49,104191,341],{"class":85},[49,104193,2896],{"class":458},[49,104195,341],{"class":85},[49,104197,2354],{"class":458},[49,104199,9215],{"class":85},[49,104201,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104203,9110],{"class":55},[49,104205,32],{"class":85},[49,104207,102797],{"class":88},[49,104209,2889],{"class":85},[49,104211,312],{"class":458},[49,104213,3794],{"class":85},[20,104215,104216],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[181,104218,8777],{"id":8776},[20,104220,8780,104221,104223],{},[15,104222,102730],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[40,104225,104227],{"className":42,"code":104226,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104228,104229,104239,104253,104267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104230,104231,104233,104235,104237],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104232,110],{"class":109},[49,104234,92],{"class":85},[49,104236,15577],{"class":88},[49,104238,103],{"class":85},[49,104240,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104242,110],{"class":109},[49,104244,92],{"class":85},[49,104246,3127],{"class":2804},[49,104248,92],{"class":85},[49,104250,15577],{"class":88},[49,104252,1581],{"class":85},[49,104254,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,104256,110],{"class":109},[49,104258,92],{"class":85},[49,104260,2349],{"class":88},[49,104262,3788],{"class":1210},[49,104264,96801],{"class":88},[49,104266,103],{"class":85},[49,104268,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277,104279],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,104270,32059],{"class":109},[49,104272,92],{"class":85},[49,104274,6194],{"class":2804},[49,104276,32],{"class":85},[49,104278,102797],{"class":24660},[49,104280,103],{"class":85},[20,104282,11077],{},[194,104284,104285,104288,104291,104294],{},[197,104286,104287],{},"What is currently in the set",[197,104289,104290],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[197,104292,104293],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[197,104295,104296],{},"How Python documents the method",[181,104298,1704],{"id":1703},[353,104300,104302],{"id":104301},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104304,104305,104306,104308],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104307,102730],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[353,104310,5050,104312,12623],{"id":104311},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104313,102735],{},[20,104315,1714,104316,104318],{},[15,104317,3684],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[353,104320,1740,104322,380,104324,2394],{"id":104321},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104323,102730],{},[15,104325,55426],{},[20,104327,104328,104329,26446,104331,104333,104334,104336],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104330,55426],{},[15,104332,19598],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104335,102730],{}," does not.",[353,104338,1760,104340,104342],{"id":104339},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104341,102730],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104344,46264,104345,104347],{},[15,104346,102730],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[181,104349,1775],{"id":1774},[194,104351,104352,104358,104364,104369,104373],{},[197,104353,104354],{},[820,104355,96691,104356,1785],{"href":98086},[15,104357,55426],{},[197,104359,104360],{},[820,104361,96691,104362,1785],{"href":98091},[15,104363,12670],{},[197,104365,104366],{},[820,104367,104368],{"href":97760},"Python set: creating a set",[197,104370,104371],{},[820,104372,100225],{"href":98668},[197,104374,104375],{},[820,104376,11169],{"href":10981},[1834,104378,104379],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":104381},[104382,104383,104385,104388,104393,104394,104395,104396,104398,104407,104408,104417],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":102907,"depth":74,"text":104384},"What set.discard() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":104386},[104387],{"id":102980,"depth":106,"text":102981},{"id":103060,"depth":74,"text":104389,"children":104390},"What makes discard() different",[104391],{"id":103099,"depth":106,"text":104392},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103252,"depth":74,"text":103253},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":103623,"depth":74,"text":103624},{"id":103816,"depth":74,"text":104397},"When to use discard()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":104399},[104400,104402,104404,104406],{"id":103845,"depth":106,"text":104401},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103975,"depth":106,"text":104403},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104063,"depth":106,"text":104405},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104168,"depth":106,"text":104169},{"id":8776,"depth":74,"text":8777},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":104409},[104410,104411,104413,104415],{"id":104301,"depth":106,"text":104302},{"id":104311,"depth":106,"text":104412},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104321,"depth":106,"text":104414},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104339,"depth":106,"text":104416},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102722,"description":104418},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104425,"title":104426,"body":104427,"description":106433,"extension":1866,"meta":106434,"navigation":128,"path":106435,"seo":106436,"stem":106437,"__hash__":106438},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104428,"toc":106391},[104429,104432,104440,104445,104456,104458,104513,104517,104537,104542,104546,104551,104553,104567,104569,104644,104646,104679,104684,104689,104691,104693,104708,104711,104719,104724,104739,104741,104830,104832,104921,104927,104931,104933,104971,104973,104997,105000,105015,105017,105072,105074,105107,105109,105114,105118,105122,105127,105192,105194,105214,105220,105224,105281,105283,105304,105308,105313,105358,105360,105393,105396,105400,105433,105435,105464,105468,105472,105475,105477,105496,105498,105544,105549,105563,105565,105596,105601,105604,105648,105650,105678,105682,105686,105702,105705,105770,105772,105784,105787,105791,105794,105799,105827,105829,105847,105853,105892,105894,105912,105918,105947,105949,105967,105970,105987,105989,105994,105998,106001,106027,106034,106039,106054,106063,106067,106070,106101,106107,106110,106119,106122,106124,106126,106184,106187,106212,106214,106218,106221,106225,106233,106237,106240,106244,106247,106249,106272,106274,106315,106322,106330,106333,106364,106366,106388],[10,104430,104426],{"id":104431},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104433,9028,104434,104436,104437,32],{},[15,104435,3703],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[666,104438,104439],{},"unique values only",[20,104441,1139,104442,104444],{},[15,104443,3703],{}," to:",[194,104446,104447,104450,104453],{},[197,104448,104449],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[197,104451,104452],{},"check whether a value exists",[197,104454,104455],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[181,104457,1907],{"id":1906},[40,104459,104461],{"className":42,"code":104460,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104462,104463,104487,104502],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104464,104465,104467,104469,104471,104473,104475,104477,104479,104481,104483,104485],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104466,3525],{"class":55},[49,104468,60],{"class":59},[49,104470,3530],{"class":85},[49,104472,1223],{"class":458},[49,104474,341],{"class":85},[49,104476,2896],{"class":458},[49,104478,341],{"class":85},[49,104480,2896],{"class":458},[49,104482,341],{"class":85},[49,104484,2354],{"class":458},[49,104486,1244],{"class":85},[49,104488,104489,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104490,104491],{"class":55},"unique_numbers ",[49,104493,60],{"class":59},[49,104495,15544],{"class":2804},[49,104497,92],{"class":85},[49,104499,3556],{"class":88},[49,104501,103],{"class":85},[49,104503,104504,104506,104508,104511],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,104505,110],{"class":109},[49,104507,92],{"class":85},[49,104509,104510],{"class":88},"unique_numbers",[49,104512,103],{"class":85},[20,104514,104515],{},[666,104516,1974],{},[40,104518,104519],{"className":42,"code":96484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104520,104521],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104522,104523,104525,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104524,9184],{"class":85},[49,104526,1223],{"class":458},[49,104528,341],{"class":85},[49,104530,2896],{"class":458},[49,104532,341],{"class":85},[49,104534,2354],{"class":458},[49,104536,9215],{"class":85},[20,104538,35,104539,104541],{},[15,104540,3703],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[181,104543,104545],{"id":104544},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104547,104548,104550],{},[15,104549,3703],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104552,30446],{},[194,104554,104555,104558,104561,104564],{},[197,104556,104557],{},"A set stores unique items only",[197,104559,104560],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[197,104562,104563],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[197,104565,104566],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104568,214],{},[40,104570,104572],{"className":42,"code":104571,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104573,104574,104614,104629,104633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104575,104576,104578,104580,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590,104592,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602,104604,104606,104608,104610,104612],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104577,12984],{"class":55},[49,104579,60],{"class":59},[49,104581,3530],{"class":85},[49,104583,95],{"class":63},[49,104585,13001],{"class":67},[49,104587,95],{"class":63},[49,104589,341],{"class":85},[49,104591,64],{"class":63},[49,104593,13018],{"class":67},[49,104595,95],{"class":63},[49,104597,341],{"class":85},[49,104599,64],{"class":63},[49,104601,13001],{"class":67},[49,104603,95],{"class":63},[49,104605,341],{"class":85},[49,104607,64],{"class":63},[49,104609,17365],{"class":67},[49,104611,95],{"class":63},[49,104613,1244],{"class":85},[49,104615,104616,104619,104621,104623,104625,104627],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104617,104618],{"class":55},"unique_colors ",[49,104620,60],{"class":59},[49,104622,15544],{"class":2804},[49,104624,92],{"class":85},[49,104626,17412],{"class":88},[49,104628,103],{"class":85},[49,104630,104631],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,104632,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,104634,104635,104637,104639,104642],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,104636,110],{"class":109},[49,104638,92],{"class":85},[49,104640,104641],{"class":88},"unique_colors",[49,104643,103],{"class":85},[20,104645,29935],{},[40,104647,104649],{"className":42,"code":104648,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104650,104651],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104652,104653,104655,104657,104659,104661,104663,104665,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104654,9184],{"class":85},[49,104656,1573],{"class":63},[49,104658,13018],{"class":67},[49,104660,1573],{"class":63},[49,104662,341],{"class":85},[49,104664,3202],{"class":63},[49,104666,17365],{"class":67},[49,104668,1573],{"class":63},[49,104670,341],{"class":85},[49,104672,3202],{"class":63},[49,104674,13001],{"class":67},[49,104676,1573],{"class":63},[49,104678,9215],{"class":85},[20,104680,2188,104681,104683],{},[15,104682,65278],{}," appears only once.",[20,104685,104686,104687,32],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[820,104688,96205],{"href":96204},[181,104690,316],{"id":315},[20,104692,319],{},[40,104694,104696],{"className":42,"code":104695,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104697,104698],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104699,104700,104702,104704,104706],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104701,6194],{"class":2804},[49,104703,92],{"class":85},[49,104705,3626],{"class":88},[49,104707,103],{"class":85},[20,104709,104710],{},"The argument is optional.",[194,104712,104713,104716],{},[197,104714,104715],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[197,104717,104718],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104720,104721,104722,1197],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104723,3703],{},[194,104725,104726,104728,104730,104732,104736],{},[197,104727,8002],{},[197,104729,48853],{},[197,104731,329],{},[197,104733,104734],{},[15,104735,36102],{},[197,104737,104738],{},"another set",[20,104740,2029],{},[40,104742,104744],{"className":42,"code":104743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104745,104746,104772,104794,104812],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104747,104748,104750,104752,104754,104756,104758,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104749,110],{"class":109},[49,104751,92],{"class":85},[49,104753,6194],{"class":2804},[49,104755,2889],{"class":85},[49,104757,1223],{"class":458},[49,104759,341],{"class":85},[49,104761,2896],{"class":458},[49,104763,341],{"class":85},[49,104765,2896],{"class":458},[49,104767,341],{"class":85},[49,104769,2354],{"class":458},[49,104771,2903],{"class":85},[49,104773,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104775,110],{"class":109},[49,104777,92],{"class":85},[49,104779,6194],{"class":2804},[49,104781,5417],{"class":85},[49,104783,2233],{"class":458},[49,104785,341],{"class":85},[49,104787,7698],{"class":458},[49,104789,341],{"class":85},[49,104791,5911],{"class":458},[49,104793,2815],{"class":85},[49,104795,104796,104798,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,104797,110],{"class":109},[49,104799,92],{"class":85},[49,104801,6194],{"class":2804},[49,104803,92],{"class":85},[49,104805,95],{"class":63},[49,104807,917],{"class":67},[49,104809,95],{"class":63},[49,104811,1581],{"class":85},[49,104813,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,104815,110],{"class":109},[49,104817,92],{"class":85},[49,104819,6194],{"class":2804},[49,104821,92],{"class":85},[49,104823,59894],{"class":109},[49,104825,92],{"class":85},[49,104827,2407],{"class":458},[49,104829,2815],{"class":85},[20,104831,29935],{},[40,104833,104835],{"className":42,"code":104834,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104836,104837,104853,104865,104901],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104838,104839,104841,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104840,9184],{"class":85},[49,104842,1223],{"class":458},[49,104844,341],{"class":85},[49,104846,2896],{"class":458},[49,104848,341],{"class":85},[49,104850,2354],{"class":458},[49,104852,9215],{"class":85},[49,104854,104855,104857,104859,104861,104863],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104856,9184],{"class":85},[49,104858,2233],{"class":458},[49,104860,341],{"class":85},[49,104862,7698],{"class":458},[49,104864,9215],{"class":85},[49,104866,104867,104869,104871,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,104868,9184],{"class":85},[49,104870,1573],{"class":63},[49,104872,1391],{"class":67},[49,104874,1573],{"class":63},[49,104876,341],{"class":85},[49,104878,3202],{"class":63},[49,104880,60341],{"class":67},[49,104882,1573],{"class":63},[49,104884,341],{"class":85},[49,104886,3202],{"class":63},[49,104888,60350],{"class":67},[49,104890,1573],{"class":63},[49,104892,341],{"class":85},[49,104894,3202],{"class":63},[49,104896,426],{"class":67},[49,104898,1573],{"class":63},[49,104900,9215],{"class":85},[49,104902,104903,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,104904,9184],{"class":85},[49,104906,516],{"class":458},[49,104908,341],{"class":85},[49,104910,1264],{"class":458},[49,104912,341],{"class":85},[49,104914,2896],{"class":458},[49,104916,341],{"class":85},[49,104918,2354],{"class":458},[49,104920,9215],{"class":85},[20,104922,104923,104924,32],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[820,104925,104926],{"href":64737},"Python list() function explained",[181,104928,104930],{"id":104929},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104932,98157],{},[40,104934,104935],{"className":42,"code":99122,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104936,104937,104947,104957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104938,104939,104941,104943,104945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104940,98167],{"class":55},[49,104942,60],{"class":59},[49,104944,15544],{"class":2804},[49,104946,8548],{"class":85},[49,104948,104949,104951,104953,104955],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104950,110],{"class":109},[49,104952,92],{"class":85},[49,104954,98186],{"class":88},[49,104956,103],{"class":85},[49,104958,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967,104969],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,104960,110],{"class":109},[49,104962,92],{"class":85},[49,104964,3127],{"class":2804},[49,104966,92],{"class":85},[49,104968,98186],{"class":88},[49,104970,1581],{"class":85},[20,104972,1974],{},[40,104974,104975],{"className":42,"code":99165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,104976,104977,104983],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,104978,104979,104981],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,104980,6194],{"class":2804},[49,104982,8548],{"class":85},[49,104984,104985,104987,104989,104991,104993,104995],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,104986,3196],{"class":59},[49,104988,3199],{"class":1968},[49,104990,3202],{"class":63},[49,104992,6194],{"class":67},[49,104994,1573],{"class":63},[49,104996,3209],{"class":59},[20,104998,104999],{},"This is important because:",[194,105001,105002,105007],{},[197,105003,105004,105006],{},[15,105005,3703],{}," creates an empty set",[197,105008,105009,105011,105012,105014],{},[15,105010,3698],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[666,105013,4536],{}," a set",[20,105016,214],{},[40,105018,105020],{"className":42,"code":105019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105021,105022,105032,105040,105044,105058],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105023,105024,105026,105028,105030],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105025,2457],{"class":55},[49,105027,60],{"class":59},[49,105029,15544],{"class":2804},[49,105031,8548],{"class":85},[49,105033,105034,105036,105038],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105035,2485],{"class":55},[49,105037,60],{"class":59},[49,105039,9745],{"class":85},[49,105041,105042],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,105043,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,105045,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,105047,110],{"class":109},[49,105049,92],{"class":85},[49,105051,3127],{"class":2804},[49,105053,92],{"class":85},[49,105055,820],{"class":88},[49,105057,1581],{"class":85},[49,105059,105060,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,105061,110],{"class":109},[49,105063,92],{"class":85},[49,105065,3127],{"class":2804},[49,105067,92],{"class":85},[49,105069,4667],{"class":88},[49,105071,1581],{"class":85},[20,105073,1974],{},[40,105075,105077],{"className":42,"code":105076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105078,105079,105093],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105080,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105082,3196],{"class":59},[49,105084,3199],{"class":1968},[49,105086,3202],{"class":63},[49,105088,6194],{"class":67},[49,105090,1573],{"class":63},[49,105092,3209],{"class":59},[49,105094,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105096,3196],{"class":59},[49,105098,3199],{"class":1968},[49,105100,3202],{"class":63},[49,105102,8726],{"class":67},[49,105104,1573],{"class":63},[49,105106,3209],{"class":59},[20,105108,13958],{},[20,105110,105111,105112,32],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[820,105113,104368],{"href":96208},[181,105115,105117],{"id":105116},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[353,105119,105121],{"id":105120},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105123,105124,105125,32],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105126,3703],{},[40,105128,105130],{"className":42,"code":105129,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105131,105132,105164,105178,105182],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105133,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105135,3525],{"class":55},[49,105137,60],{"class":59},[49,105139,3530],{"class":85},[49,105141,1223],{"class":458},[49,105143,341],{"class":85},[49,105145,2896],{"class":458},[49,105147,341],{"class":85},[49,105149,2896],{"class":458},[49,105151,341],{"class":85},[49,105153,2354],{"class":458},[49,105155,341],{"class":85},[49,105157,2354],{"class":458},[49,105159,341],{"class":85},[49,105161,2354],{"class":458},[49,105163,1244],{"class":85},[49,105165,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105167,2131],{"class":55},[49,105169,60],{"class":59},[49,105171,15544],{"class":2804},[49,105173,92],{"class":85},[49,105175,3556],{"class":88},[49,105177,103],{"class":85},[49,105179,105180],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,105181,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,105183,105184,105186,105188,105190],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,105185,110],{"class":109},[49,105187,92],{"class":85},[49,105189,2166],{"class":88},[49,105191,103],{"class":85},[20,105193,1974],{},[40,105195,105196],{"className":42,"code":96484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105197,105198],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105199,105200,105202,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105201,9184],{"class":85},[49,105203,1223],{"class":458},[49,105205,341],{"class":85},[49,105207,2896],{"class":458},[49,105209,341],{"class":85},[49,105211,2354],{"class":458},[49,105213,9215],{"class":85},[20,105215,105216,105217,32],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[820,105218,98955],{"href":105219},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[353,105221,105223],{"id":105222},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[40,105225,105227],{"className":42,"code":105226,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105228,105229,105253,105267,105271],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105230,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105232,3729],{"class":55},[49,105234,60],{"class":59},[49,105236,9142],{"class":85},[49,105238,2040],{"class":458},[49,105240,341],{"class":85},[49,105242,459],{"class":458},[49,105244,341],{"class":85},[49,105246,5911],{"class":458},[49,105248,341],{"class":85},[49,105250,37841],{"class":458},[49,105252,103],{"class":85},[49,105254,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263,105265],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105256,2131],{"class":55},[49,105258,60],{"class":59},[49,105260,15544],{"class":2804},[49,105262,92],{"class":85},[49,105264,5266],{"class":88},[49,105266,103],{"class":85},[49,105268,105269],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,105270,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,105272,105273,105275,105277,105279],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,105274,110],{"class":109},[49,105276,92],{"class":85},[49,105278,2166],{"class":88},[49,105280,103],{"class":85},[20,105282,1974],{},[40,105284,105286],{"className":42,"code":105285,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105287,105288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105289,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105291,9184],{"class":85},[49,105293,2040],{"class":458},[49,105295,341],{"class":85},[49,105297,5911],{"class":458},[49,105299,341],{"class":85},[49,105301,37841],{"class":458},[49,105303,9215],{"class":85},[353,105305,105307],{"id":105306},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105309,51027,105310,105312],{},[15,105311,3703],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[40,105314,105316],{"className":42,"code":105315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105317,105318,105330,105344,105348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105319,105320,105322,105324,105326,105328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105321,56],{"class":55},[49,105323,60],{"class":59},[49,105325,64],{"class":63},[49,105327,230],{"class":67},[49,105329,71],{"class":63},[49,105331,105332,105334,105336,105338,105340,105342],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105333,2131],{"class":55},[49,105335,60],{"class":59},[49,105337,15544],{"class":2804},[49,105339,92],{"class":85},[49,105341,245],{"class":88},[49,105343,103],{"class":85},[49,105345,105346],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,105347,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,105349,105350,105352,105354,105356],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,105351,110],{"class":109},[49,105353,92],{"class":85},[49,105355,2166],{"class":88},[49,105357,103],{"class":85},[20,105359,29935],{},[40,105361,105363],{"className":42,"code":105362,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105364,105365],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105366,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105368,9184],{"class":85},[49,105370,1573],{"class":63},[49,105372,4667],{"class":67},[49,105374,1573],{"class":63},[49,105376,341],{"class":85},[49,105378,3202],{"class":63},[49,105380,820],{"class":67},[49,105382,1573],{"class":63},[49,105384,341],{"class":85},[49,105386,3202],{"class":63},[49,105388,75907],{"class":67},[49,105390,1573],{"class":63},[49,105392,9215],{"class":85},[20,105394,105395],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[353,105397,105399],{"id":105398},"from-range","From range()",[40,105401,105403],{"className":42,"code":105402,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105404,105405,105423],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105406,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105408,2131],{"class":55},[49,105410,60],{"class":59},[49,105412,15544],{"class":2804},[49,105414,92],{"class":85},[49,105416,59894],{"class":109},[49,105418,92],{"class":85},[49,105420,2040],{"class":458},[49,105422,1581],{"class":85},[49,105424,105425,105427,105429,105431],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105426,110],{"class":109},[49,105428,92],{"class":85},[49,105430,2166],{"class":88},[49,105432,103],{"class":85},[20,105434,1974],{},[40,105436,105438],{"className":42,"code":105437,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105439,105440],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105441,105442,105444,105446,105448,105450,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105443,9184],{"class":85},[49,105445,516],{"class":458},[49,105447,341],{"class":85},[49,105449,1264],{"class":458},[49,105451,341],{"class":85},[49,105453,2896],{"class":458},[49,105455,341],{"class":85},[49,105457,2354],{"class":458},[49,105459,341],{"class":85},[49,105461,808],{"class":458},[49,105463,9215],{"class":85},[181,105465,105467],{"id":105466},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105469,99402,105470,32],{},[666,105471,96248],{},[20,105473,105474],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105476,99408],{},[194,105478,105479,105483,105487,105491],{},[197,105480,105481],{},[15,105482,2090],{},[197,105484,105485],{},[15,105486,3349],{},[197,105488,105489],{},[15,105490,2094],{},[197,105492,105493,105495],{},[15,105494,48853],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105497,214],{},[40,105499,105501],{"className":42,"code":105500,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105502,105503,105534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105504,105505,105507,105509,105511,105513,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523,105525,105527,105529,105531],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105506,7687],{"class":55},[49,105508,60],{"class":59},[49,105510,10398],{"class":85},[49,105512,1223],{"class":458},[49,105514,341],{"class":85},[49,105516,64],{"class":63},[49,105518,917],{"class":67},[49,105520,95],{"class":63},[49,105522,341],{"class":85},[49,105524,9142],{"class":85},[49,105526,2233],{"class":458},[49,105528,341],{"class":85},[49,105530,7698],{"class":458},[49,105532,105533],{"class":85},")}\n",[49,105535,105536,105538,105540,105542],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105537,110],{"class":109},[49,105539,92],{"class":85},[49,105541,7718],{"class":88},[49,105543,103],{"class":85},[20,105545,99470,105546,105548],{},[666,105547,4536],{}," work inside a set:",[194,105550,105551,105555,105559],{},[197,105552,105553],{},[15,105554,8002],{},[197,105556,105557],{},[15,105558,8726],{},[197,105560,105561],{},[15,105562,6194],{},[20,105564,96973],{},[40,105566,105568],{"className":42,"code":105567,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105569,105570],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105571,105572,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588,105590,105592,105594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105573,99489],{"class":55},[49,105575,60],{"class":59},[49,105577,99494],{"class":85},[49,105579,1223],{"class":458},[49,105581,341],{"class":85},[49,105583,2896],{"class":458},[49,105585,17972],{"class":85},[49,105587,3530],{"class":85},[49,105589,1965],{"class":458},[49,105591,341],{"class":85},[49,105593,808],{"class":458},[49,105595,13615],{"class":85},[20,105597,76735,105598,105600],{},[15,105599,2909],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105602,105603],{},"A safer example:",[40,105605,105607],{"className":42,"code":105606,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105608,105609,105637],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105610,105611,105614,105616,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105612,105613],{"class":55},"good_set ",[49,105615,60],{"class":59},[49,105617,105618],{"class":85}," {(",[49,105620,1223],{"class":458},[49,105622,341],{"class":85},[49,105624,2896],{"class":458},[49,105626,9139],{"class":85},[49,105628,9142],{"class":85},[49,105630,1965],{"class":458},[49,105632,341],{"class":85},[49,105634,808],{"class":458},[49,105636,105533],{"class":85},[49,105638,105639,105641,105643,105646],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105640,110],{"class":109},[49,105642,92],{"class":85},[49,105644,105645],{"class":88},"good_set",[49,105647,103],{"class":85},[20,105649,1974],{},[40,105651,105653],{"className":42,"code":105652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105654,105655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105656,105657,105660,105662,105664,105666,105668,105670,105672,105674,105676],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105658,105659],{"class":85},"{(",[49,105661,1223],{"class":458},[49,105663,341],{"class":85},[49,105665,2896],{"class":458},[49,105667,9139],{"class":85},[49,105669,9142],{"class":85},[49,105671,1965],{"class":458},[49,105673,341],{"class":85},[49,105675,808],{"class":458},[49,105677,105533],{"class":85},[181,105679,105681],{"id":105680},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105683,35,105684,10508],{},[15,105685,3703],{},[194,105687,105688,105691,105696,105699],{},[197,105689,105690],{},"you need unique values only",[197,105692,105693,105694],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105695,3788],{},[197,105697,105698],{},"order does not matter",[197,105700,105701],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105703,105704],{},"Example of membership checking:",[40,105706,105708],{"className":42,"code":105707,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105709,105710,105735,105739,105755],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105711,105712,105715,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105728,105730,105733],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105713,105714],{"class":55},"allowed_ids ",[49,105716,60],{"class":59},[49,105718,15544],{"class":2804},[49,105720,2889],{"class":85},[49,105722,46491],{"class":458},[49,105724,341],{"class":85},[49,105726,105727],{"class":458}," 102",[49,105729,341],{"class":85},[49,105731,105732],{"class":458}," 103",[49,105734,3794],{"class":85},[49,105736,105737],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105738,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,105740,105741,105743,105745,105748,105750,105753],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,105742,110],{"class":109},[49,105744,92],{"class":85},[49,105746,105747],{"class":458},"102",[49,105749,21083],{"class":1210},[49,105751,105752],{"class":88}," allowed_ids",[49,105754,103],{"class":85},[49,105756,105757,105759,105761,105764,105766,105768],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,105758,110],{"class":109},[49,105760,92],{"class":85},[49,105762,105763],{"class":458},"999",[49,105765,21083],{"class":1210},[49,105767,105752],{"class":88},[49,105769,103],{"class":85},[20,105771,1974],{},[40,105773,105774],{"className":42,"code":44073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105775,105776,105780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105777,105778],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105779,3885],{"class":3757},[49,105781,105782],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105783,3946],{"class":3757},[20,105785,105786],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[181,105788,105790],{"id":105789},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105792,105793],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[353,105795,35,105797,98099],{"id":105796},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105798,3703],{},[40,105800,105801],{"className":42,"code":98160,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105802,105803,105813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105804,105805,105807,105809,105811],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105806,98167],{"class":55},[49,105808,60],{"class":59},[49,105810,15544],{"class":2804},[49,105812,8548],{"class":85},[49,105814,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105816,110],{"class":109},[49,105818,92],{"class":85},[49,105820,3127],{"class":2804},[49,105822,92],{"class":85},[49,105824,98186],{"class":88},[49,105826,1581],{"class":85},[20,105828,1974],{},[40,105830,105831],{"className":42,"code":8757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105832,105833],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105834,105835,105837,105839,105841,105843,105845],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105836,3196],{"class":59},[49,105838,3199],{"class":1968},[49,105840,3202],{"class":63},[49,105842,6194],{"class":67},[49,105844,1573],{"class":63},[49,105846,3209],{"class":59},[353,105848,35,105850,105852],{"id":105849},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105851,100158],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[40,105854,105856],{"className":42,"code":105855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105857,105858,105878],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105859,105860,105862,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105861,3525],{"class":55},[49,105863,60],{"class":59},[49,105865,10398],{"class":85},[49,105867,1223],{"class":458},[49,105869,341],{"class":85},[49,105871,2896],{"class":458},[49,105873,341],{"class":85},[49,105875,2354],{"class":458},[49,105877,9215],{"class":85},[49,105879,105880,105882,105884,105886,105888,105890],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105881,110],{"class":109},[49,105883,92],{"class":85},[49,105885,3127],{"class":2804},[49,105887,92],{"class":85},[49,105889,3556],{"class":88},[49,105891,1581],{"class":85},[20,105893,1974],{},[40,105895,105896],{"className":42,"code":8757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105897,105898],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105899,105900,105902,105904,105906,105908,105910],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105901,3196],{"class":59},[49,105903,3199],{"class":1968},[49,105905,3202],{"class":63},[49,105907,6194],{"class":67},[49,105909,1573],{"class":63},[49,105911,3209],{"class":59},[353,105913,35,105915,105917],{"id":105914},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105916,3698],{}," for an empty dictionary",[40,105919,105921],{"className":42,"code":105920,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105922,105923,105932],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105924,105925,105928,105930],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105926,105927],{"class":55},"empty_dict ",[49,105929,60],{"class":59},[49,105931,9745],{"class":85},[49,105933,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942,105945],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,105935,110],{"class":109},[49,105937,92],{"class":85},[49,105939,3127],{"class":2804},[49,105941,92],{"class":85},[49,105943,105944],{"class":88},"empty_dict",[49,105946,1581],{"class":85},[20,105948,1974],{},[40,105950,105951],{"className":42,"code":8713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,105952,105953],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,105954,105955,105957,105959,105961,105963,105965],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,105956,3196],{"class":59},[49,105958,3199],{"class":1968},[49,105960,3202],{"class":63},[49,105962,8726],{"class":67},[49,105964,1573],{"class":63},[49,105966,3209],{"class":59},[20,105968,105969],{},"So the rule is simple:",[194,105971,105972,105977,105982],{},[197,105973,105974,105976],{},[15,105975,3703],{}," → empty set",[197,105978,105979,105981],{},[15,105980,100158],{}," → non-empty set",[197,105983,105984,105986],{},[15,105985,3698],{}," → empty dictionary",[181,105988,1308],{"id":1307},[20,105990,105991,105992,32],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105993,3703],{},[353,105995,644,105996,99757],{"id":99754},[15,105997,3698],{},[20,105999,106000],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[40,106002,106003],{"className":42,"code":99763,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,106004,106005,106013],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106006,106007,106009,106011],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106008,2349],{"class":55},[49,106010,60],{"class":59},[49,106012,9745],{"class":85},[49,106014,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,106016,110],{"class":109},[49,106018,92],{"class":85},[49,106020,3127],{"class":2804},[49,106022,92],{"class":85},[49,106024,338],{"class":88},[49,106026,1581],{"class":85},[353,106028,106030,106031],{"id":106029},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106032,106033],{},"set(5)",[20,106035,106036,106038],{},[15,106037,3703],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[40,106040,106042],{"className":42,"code":106041,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set(5)\n",[15,106043,106044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106045,106046,106048,106050,106052],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106047,6194],{"class":2804},[49,106049,92],{"class":85},[49,106051,2040],{"class":458},[49,106053,103],{"class":85},[20,106055,2906,106056,106058,106059,32],{},[15,106057,2909],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[820,106060,106062],{"href":106061},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[353,106064,106066],{"id":106065},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106068,106069],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[40,106071,106073],{"className":42,"code":106072,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106074,106075],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106076,106077,106079,106081,106083,106085,106087,106089,106091,106093,106095,106097,106099],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106078,2349],{"class":55},[49,106080,60],{"class":59},[49,106082,99494],{"class":85},[49,106084,1223],{"class":458},[49,106086,341],{"class":85},[49,106088,2896],{"class":458},[49,106090,17972],{"class":85},[49,106092,3530],{"class":85},[49,106094,1965],{"class":458},[49,106096,341],{"class":85},[49,106098,808],{"class":458},[49,106100,13615],{"class":85},[353,106102,1318,106104,106106],{"id":106103},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106105,3703],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106108,106109],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[353,106111,1339,106113,1342,106115,634,106117],{"id":106112},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106114,3703],{},[15,106116,24691],{},[15,106118,9025],{},[20,106120,106121],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[181,106123,60601],{"id":60600},[20,106125,11020],{},[40,106127,106129],{"className":42,"code":106128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106130,106131,106146,106156,106170],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106132,106133,106135,106137,106139,106141,106144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106134,110],{"class":109},[49,106136,92],{"class":85},[49,106138,3127],{"class":2804},[49,106140,92],{"class":85},[49,106142,106143],{"class":88},"my_value",[49,106145,1581],{"class":85},[49,106147,106148,106150,106152,106154],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,106149,110],{"class":109},[49,106151,92],{"class":85},[49,106153,106143],{"class":88},[49,106155,103],{"class":85},[49,106157,106158,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,106159,110],{"class":109},[49,106161,92],{"class":85},[49,106163,8002],{"class":2804},[49,106165,92],{"class":85},[49,106167,15577],{"class":88},[49,106169,1581],{"class":85},[49,106171,106172,106174,106176,106178,106180,106182],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,106173,110],{"class":109},[49,106175,92],{"class":85},[49,106177,1631],{"class":109},[49,106179,92],{"class":85},[49,106181,15577],{"class":88},[49,106183,1581],{"class":85},[20,106185,106186],{},"What they help you see:",[194,106188,106189,106195,106200,106206],{},[197,106190,106191,106194],{},[15,106192,106193],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[197,106196,106197,90423],{},[15,106198,106199],{},"print(my_value)",[197,106201,106202,106205],{},[15,106203,106204],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[197,106207,106208,106211],{},[15,106209,106210],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[181,106213,1704],{"id":1703},[353,106215,106217],{"id":106216},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106219,106220],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[353,106222,106224],{"id":106223},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106226,35,106227,106229,106230,106232],{},[15,106228,3703],{},". Do not use ",[15,106231,3698],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[353,106234,106236],{"id":106235},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106238,106239],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[353,106241,106243],{"id":106242},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106245,106246],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106248,214],{},[40,106250,106252],{"className":42,"code":106251,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106253,106254],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106255,106256,106258,106260,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106257,110],{"class":109},[49,106259,92],{"class":85},[49,106261,6194],{"class":2804},[49,106263,92],{"class":85},[49,106265,95],{"class":63},[49,106267,3985],{"class":67},[49,106269,95],{"class":63},[49,106271,1581],{"class":85},[20,106273,29935],{},[40,106275,106277],{"className":42,"code":106276,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106278,106279],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106280,106281,106283,106285,106287,106289,106291,106293,106295,106297,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106282,9184],{"class":85},[49,106284,1573],{"class":63},[49,106286,820],{"class":67},[49,106288,1573],{"class":63},[49,106290,341],{"class":85},[49,106292,3202],{"class":63},[49,106294,20],{"class":67},[49,106296,1573],{"class":63},[49,106298,341],{"class":85},[49,106300,3202],{"class":63},[49,106302,60350],{"class":67},[49,106304,1573],{"class":63},[49,106306,341],{"class":85},[49,106308,3202],{"class":63},[49,106310,60341],{"class":67},[49,106312,1573],{"class":63},[49,106314,9215],{"class":85},[353,106316,5065,106318,106321],{"id":106317},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106319,106320],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106323,106324,28590,106326,106329],{},[15,106325,3703],{},[666,106327,106328],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106331,106332],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[40,106334,106336],{"className":42,"code":106335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106337,106338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106339,106340,106342,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356,106358,106360,106362],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106341,110],{"class":109},[49,106343,92],{"class":85},[49,106345,6194],{"class":2804},[49,106347,2889],{"class":85},[49,106349,1223],{"class":458},[49,106351,341],{"class":85},[49,106353,2896],{"class":458},[49,106355,341],{"class":85},[49,106357,2354],{"class":458},[49,106359,341],{"class":85},[49,106361,808],{"class":458},[49,106363,2903],{"class":85},[181,106365,1775],{"id":1774},[194,106367,106368,106372,106376,106380,106384],{},[197,106369,106370],{},[820,106371,96205],{"href":96204},[197,106373,106374],{},[820,106375,104368],{"href":96208},[197,106377,106378],{},[820,106379,100220],{"href":105219},[197,106381,106382],{},[820,106383,104926],{"href":64737},[197,106385,106386],{},[820,106387,106062],{"href":106061},[1834,106389,106390],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":106392},[106393,106394,106395,106396,106397,106403,106404,106405,106413,106423,106424,106432],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":104544,"depth":74,"text":104545},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":104929,"depth":74,"text":104930},{"id":105116,"depth":74,"text":105117,"children":106398},[106399,106400,106401,106402],{"id":105120,"depth":106,"text":105121},{"id":105222,"depth":106,"text":105223},{"id":105306,"depth":106,"text":105307},{"id":105398,"depth":106,"text":105399},{"id":105466,"depth":74,"text":105467},{"id":105680,"depth":74,"text":105681},{"id":105789,"depth":74,"text":105790,"children":106406},[106407,106409,106411],{"id":105796,"depth":106,"text":106408},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105849,"depth":106,"text":106410},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105914,"depth":106,"text":106412},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":106414},[106415,106416,106418,106419,106421],{"id":99754,"depth":106,"text":100261},{"id":106029,"depth":106,"text":106417},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106065,"depth":106,"text":106066},{"id":106103,"depth":106,"text":106420},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106112,"depth":106,"text":106422},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60600,"depth":74,"text":60601},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":106425},[106426,106427,106428,106429,106430],{"id":106216,"depth":106,"text":106217},{"id":106223,"depth":106,"text":106224},{"id":106235,"depth":106,"text":106236},{"id":106242,"depth":106,"text":106243},{"id":106317,"depth":106,"text":106431},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104426,"description":106433},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106440,"title":106441,"body":106442,"description":107957,"extension":1866,"meta":107958,"navigation":128,"path":107959,"seo":107960,"stem":107961,"__hash__":107962},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106443,"toc":107933},[106444,106450,106455,106458,106541,106546,106551,106556,106558,106571,106575,106577,106596,106599,106622,106625,106636,106638,106719,106721,106738,106740,106746,106749,106844,106846,106877,106879,106887,106889,106892,107003,107005,107030,107032,107054,107059,107064,107070,107179,107181,107197,107200,107203,107286,107288,107305,107313,107315,107319,107325,107416,107418,107451,107456,107463,107540,107542,107559,107565,107567,107571,107587,107590,107616,107618,107679,107681,107804,107806,107857,107863,107865,107870,107872,107878,107881,107885,107888,107892,107895,107905,107907,107930],[10,106445,3482,106447,18],{"id":106446},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106448,106449],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106451,661,106452,106454],{},[15,106453,106449],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106456,106457],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[40,106459,106461],{"className":42,"code":106460,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106462,106463,106483,106503,106507,106526,106536],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106464,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473,106475,106477,106479,106481],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106466,2457],{"class":55},[49,106468,60],{"class":59},[49,106470,10398],{"class":85},[49,106472,1223],{"class":458},[49,106474,341],{"class":85},[49,106476,2896],{"class":458},[49,106478,341],{"class":85},[49,106480,2354],{"class":458},[49,106482,9215],{"class":85},[49,106484,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495,106497,106499,106501],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,106486,2485],{"class":55},[49,106488,60],{"class":59},[49,106490,10398],{"class":85},[49,106492,312],{"class":458},[49,106494,341],{"class":85},[49,106496,2354],{"class":458},[49,106498,341],{"class":85},[49,106500,808],{"class":458},[49,106502,9215],{"class":85},[49,106504,106505],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,106506,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,106508,106509,106511,106513,106515,106517,106520,106522,106524],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,106510,2131],{"class":55},[49,106512,60],{"class":59},[49,106514,56785],{"class":55},[49,106516,32],{"class":85},[49,106518,106519],{"class":88},"intersection",[49,106521,92],{"class":85},[49,106523,4667],{"class":88},[49,106525,103],{"class":85},[49,106527,106528,106530,106532,106534],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,106529,110],{"class":109},[49,106531,92],{"class":85},[49,106533,2166],{"class":88},[49,106535,103],{"class":85},[49,106537,106538],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,106539,106540],{"class":121},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106542,35,106543,106545],{},[15,106544,102667],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[181,106547,12904,106549,12907],{"id":106548},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106550,102667],{},[20,106552,106553,106555],{},[15,106554,102667],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106557,12960],{},[194,106559,106560,106563,106565,106568],{},[197,106561,106562],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[197,106564,100437],{},[197,106566,106567],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[197,106569,106570],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106572,96201,106573,32],{},[820,106574,96205],{"href":96204},[181,106576,316],{"id":315},[40,106578,106580],{"className":42,"code":106579,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106581,106582],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106583,106584,106586,106588,106590,106592,106594],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106585,100461],{"class":55},[49,106587,32],{"class":85},[49,106589,106519],{"class":88},[49,106591,92],{"class":85},[49,106593,100470],{"class":88},[49,106595,103],{"class":85},[20,106597,106598],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[40,106600,106602],{"className":42,"code":106601,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106603,106604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106605,106606,106608,106610,106612,106614,106616,106618,106620],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106607,100461],{"class":55},[49,106609,32],{"class":85},[49,106611,106519],{"class":88},[49,106613,92],{"class":85},[49,106615,100470],{"class":88},[49,106617,341],{"class":85},[49,106619,100497],{"class":88},[49,106621,103],{"class":85},[20,106623,106624],{},"Important notes:",[194,106626,106627,106630,106633],{},[197,106628,106629],{},"The result is always a new set",[197,106631,106632],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[197,106634,106635],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106637,214],{},[40,106639,106641],{"className":42,"code":106640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106642,106643,106667,106687,106691,106709],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106644,106645,106647,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106646,2457],{"class":55},[49,106648,60],{"class":59},[49,106650,10398],{"class":85},[49,106652,1223],{"class":458},[49,106654,341],{"class":85},[49,106656,2896],{"class":458},[49,106658,341],{"class":85},[49,106660,2354],{"class":458},[49,106662,341],{"class":85},[49,106664,808],{"class":458},[49,106666,9215],{"class":85},[49,106668,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,106670,2485],{"class":55},[49,106672,60],{"class":59},[49,106674,10398],{"class":85},[49,106676,1965],{"class":458},[49,106678,341],{"class":85},[49,106680,808],{"class":458},[49,106682,341],{"class":85},[49,106684,459],{"class":458},[49,106686,9215],{"class":85},[49,106688,106689],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,106690,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,106692,106693,106695,106697,106699,106701,106703,106705,106707],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,106694,2131],{"class":55},[49,106696,60],{"class":59},[49,106698,56785],{"class":55},[49,106700,32],{"class":85},[49,106702,106519],{"class":88},[49,106704,92],{"class":85},[49,106706,4667],{"class":88},[49,106708,103],{"class":85},[49,106710,106711,106713,106715,106717],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,106712,110],{"class":109},[49,106714,92],{"class":85},[49,106716,2166],{"class":88},[49,106718,103],{"class":85},[20,106720,1974],{},[40,106722,106724],{"className":42,"code":106723,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106725,106726],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106727,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106729,9184],{"class":85},[49,106731,1965],{"class":458},[49,106733,341],{"class":85},[49,106735,808],{"class":458},[49,106737,9215],{"class":85},[181,106739,17328],{"id":17327},[20,106741,106742,21885,106744,32],{},[15,106743,102667],{},[666,106745,6194],{},[20,106747,106748],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[40,106750,106752],{"className":42,"code":106751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106753,106754,106774,106794,106798,106816,106820,106830],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106755,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770,106772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106757,2457],{"class":55},[49,106759,60],{"class":59},[49,106761,10398],{"class":85},[49,106763,1223],{"class":458},[49,106765,341],{"class":85},[49,106767,2896],{"class":458},[49,106769,341],{"class":85},[49,106771,2354],{"class":458},[49,106773,9215],{"class":85},[49,106775,106776,106778,106780,106782,106784,106786,106788,106790,106792],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,106777,2485],{"class":55},[49,106779,60],{"class":59},[49,106781,10398],{"class":85},[49,106783,312],{"class":458},[49,106785,341],{"class":85},[49,106787,2354],{"class":458},[49,106789,341],{"class":85},[49,106791,808],{"class":458},[49,106793,9215],{"class":85},[49,106795,106796],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,106797,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,106799,106800,106802,106804,106806,106808,106810,106812,106814],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,106801,2131],{"class":55},[49,106803,60],{"class":59},[49,106805,56785],{"class":55},[49,106807,32],{"class":85},[49,106809,106519],{"class":88},[49,106811,92],{"class":85},[49,106813,4667],{"class":88},[49,106815,103],{"class":85},[49,106817,106818],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,106819,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,106821,106822,106824,106826,106828],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,106823,110],{"class":109},[49,106825,92],{"class":85},[49,106827,2166],{"class":88},[49,106829,103],{"class":85},[49,106831,106832,106834,106836,106838,106840,106842],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,106833,110],{"class":109},[49,106835,92],{"class":85},[49,106837,3127],{"class":2804},[49,106839,92],{"class":85},[49,106841,2166],{"class":88},[49,106843,1581],{"class":85},[20,106845,1974],{},[40,106847,106849],{"className":42,"code":106848,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106850,106851,106863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106852,106853,106855,106857,106859,106861],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106854,9184],{"class":85},[49,106856,312],{"class":458},[49,106858,341],{"class":85},[49,106860,2354],{"class":458},[49,106862,9215],{"class":85},[49,106864,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,106866,3196],{"class":59},[49,106868,3199],{"class":1968},[49,106870,3202],{"class":63},[49,106872,6194],{"class":67},[49,106874,1573],{"class":63},[49,106876,3209],{"class":59},[20,106878,85688],{},[194,106880,106881,106884],{},[197,106882,106883],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[197,106885,106886],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[181,106888,11381],{"id":11380},[20,106890,106891],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[40,106893,106895],{"className":42,"code":106894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106896,106897,106930,106963,106967,106988,106992],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,106898,106899,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926,106928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,106900,106901],{"class":55},"colors1 ",[49,106903,60],{"class":59},[49,106905,10398],{"class":85},[49,106907,95],{"class":63},[49,106909,13001],{"class":67},[49,106911,95],{"class":63},[49,106913,341],{"class":85},[49,106915,64],{"class":63},[49,106917,13018],{"class":67},[49,106919,95],{"class":63},[49,106921,341],{"class":85},[49,106923,64],{"class":63},[49,106925,17365],{"class":67},[49,106927,95],{"class":63},[49,106929,9215],{"class":85},[49,106931,106932,106935,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,106933,106934],{"class":55},"colors2 ",[49,106936,60],{"class":59},[49,106938,10398],{"class":85},[49,106940,95],{"class":63},[49,106942,17365],{"class":67},[49,106944,95],{"class":63},[49,106946,341],{"class":85},[49,106948,64],{"class":63},[49,106950,22433],{"class":67},[49,106952,95],{"class":63},[49,106954,341],{"class":85},[49,106956,64],{"class":63},[49,106958,13018],{"class":67},[49,106960,95],{"class":63},[49,106962,9215],{"class":85},[49,106964,106965],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,106966,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,106968,106969,106972,106974,106977,106979,106981,106983,106986],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,106970,106971],{"class":55},"common_colors ",[49,106973,60],{"class":59},[49,106975,106976],{"class":55}," colors1",[49,106978,32],{"class":85},[49,106980,106519],{"class":88},[49,106982,92],{"class":85},[49,106984,106985],{"class":88},"colors2",[49,106987,103],{"class":85},[49,106989,106990],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,106991,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,106993,106994,106996,106998,107001],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,106995,110],{"class":109},[49,106997,92],{"class":85},[49,106999,107000],{"class":88},"common_colors",[49,107002,103],{"class":85},[20,107004,1974],{},[40,107006,107008],{"className":42,"code":107007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107009,107010],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107011,107012,107014,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024,107026,107028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107013,9184],{"class":85},[49,107015,1573],{"class":63},[49,107017,13018],{"class":67},[49,107019,1573],{"class":63},[49,107021,341],{"class":85},[49,107023,3202],{"class":63},[49,107025,17365],{"class":67},[49,107027,1573],{"class":63},[49,107029,9215],{"class":85},[20,107031,11590],{},[194,107033,107034,107040,107044,107049],{},[197,107035,107036,107039],{},[15,107037,107038],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[197,107041,107042,107039],{},[15,107043,106985],{},[197,107045,107046,107048],{},[15,107047,102667],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[197,107050,107051,107052],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107053,107000],{},[181,107055,644,107057,101034],{"id":107056},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107058,102667],{},[20,107060,107061,107062,32],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107063,102667],{},[20,107065,107066,107067,107069],{},"Only the values found in ",[666,107068,3621],{}," inputs will be kept.",[40,107071,107073],{"className":42,"code":107072,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107074,107075,107099,107123,107143,107147,107169],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107076,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087,107089,107091,107093,107095,107097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107078,2457],{"class":55},[49,107080,60],{"class":59},[49,107082,10398],{"class":85},[49,107084,1223],{"class":458},[49,107086,341],{"class":85},[49,107088,2896],{"class":458},[49,107090,341],{"class":85},[49,107092,2354],{"class":458},[49,107094,341],{"class":85},[49,107096,808],{"class":458},[49,107098,9215],{"class":85},[49,107100,107101,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,107102,2485],{"class":55},[49,107104,60],{"class":59},[49,107106,10398],{"class":85},[49,107108,312],{"class":458},[49,107110,341],{"class":85},[49,107112,2354],{"class":458},[49,107114,341],{"class":85},[49,107116,808],{"class":458},[49,107118,341],{"class":85},[49,107120,459],{"class":458},[49,107122,9215],{"class":85},[49,107124,107125,107127,107129,107131,107133,107135,107137,107139,107141],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,107126,83062],{"class":55},[49,107128,60],{"class":59},[49,107130,10398],{"class":85},[49,107132,1965],{"class":458},[49,107134,341],{"class":85},[49,107136,808],{"class":458},[49,107138,341],{"class":85},[49,107140,37548],{"class":458},[49,107142,9215],{"class":85},[49,107144,107145],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,107146,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,107148,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,107150,2131],{"class":55},[49,107152,60],{"class":59},[49,107154,56785],{"class":55},[49,107156,32],{"class":85},[49,107158,106519],{"class":88},[49,107160,92],{"class":85},[49,107162,4667],{"class":88},[49,107164,341],{"class":85},[49,107166,9588],{"class":88},[49,107168,103],{"class":85},[49,107170,107171,107173,107175,107177],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,107172,110],{"class":109},[49,107174,92],{"class":85},[49,107176,2166],{"class":88},[49,107178,103],{"class":85},[20,107180,1974],{},[40,107182,107183],{"className":42,"code":106723,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,107184,107185],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107186,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107188,9184],{"class":85},[49,107190,1965],{"class":458},[49,107192,341],{"class":85},[49,107194,808],{"class":458},[49,107196,9215],{"class":85},[20,107198,107199],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107201,107202],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[40,107204,107206],{"className":42,"code":107205,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107207,107208,107232,107236,107276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107209,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224,107226,107228,107230],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107211,2457],{"class":55},[49,107213,60],{"class":59},[49,107215,10398],{"class":85},[49,107217,1223],{"class":458},[49,107219,341],{"class":85},[49,107221,2896],{"class":458},[49,107223,341],{"class":85},[49,107225,2354],{"class":458},[49,107227,341],{"class":85},[49,107229,808],{"class":458},[49,107231,9215],{"class":85},[49,107233,107234],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,107235,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,107237,107238,107240,107242,107244,107246,107248,107250,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262,107264,107266,107268,107270,107272,107274],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,107239,2131],{"class":55},[49,107241,60],{"class":59},[49,107243,56785],{"class":55},[49,107245,32],{"class":85},[49,107247,106519],{"class":88},[49,107249,2889],{"class":85},[49,107251,312],{"class":458},[49,107253,341],{"class":85},[49,107255,808],{"class":458},[49,107257,341],{"class":85},[49,107259,37548],{"class":458},[49,107261,17972],{"class":85},[49,107263,9142],{"class":85},[49,107265,1223],{"class":458},[49,107267,341],{"class":85},[49,107269,2896],{"class":458},[49,107271,341],{"class":85},[49,107273,808],{"class":458},[49,107275,1581],{"class":85},[49,107277,107278,107280,107282,107284],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,107279,110],{"class":109},[49,107281,92],{"class":85},[49,107283,2166],{"class":88},[49,107285,103],{"class":85},[20,107287,1974],{},[40,107289,107291],{"className":42,"code":107290,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107292,107293],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107294,107295,107297,107299,107301,107303],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107296,9184],{"class":85},[49,107298,312],{"class":458},[49,107300,341],{"class":85},[49,107302,808],{"class":458},[49,107304,9215],{"class":85},[181,107306,107308,983,107310],{"id":107307},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107309,102667],{},[15,107311,107312],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107314,101204],{},[353,107316,107317],{"id":106519},[15,107318,102667],{},[194,107320,107321,107323],{},[197,107322,101213],{},[197,107324,101216],{},[40,107326,107328],{"className":42,"code":107327,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107329,107330,107350,107370,107374,107392,107396,107406],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107331,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342,107344,107346,107348],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107333,2457],{"class":55},[49,107335,60],{"class":59},[49,107337,10398],{"class":85},[49,107339,1223],{"class":458},[49,107341,341],{"class":85},[49,107343,2896],{"class":458},[49,107345,341],{"class":85},[49,107347,2354],{"class":458},[49,107349,9215],{"class":85},[49,107351,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,107353,2485],{"class":55},[49,107355,60],{"class":59},[49,107357,10398],{"class":85},[49,107359,312],{"class":458},[49,107361,341],{"class":85},[49,107363,2354],{"class":458},[49,107365,341],{"class":85},[49,107367,808],{"class":458},[49,107369,9215],{"class":85},[49,107371,107372],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,107373,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,107375,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,107377,2131],{"class":55},[49,107379,60],{"class":59},[49,107381,56785],{"class":55},[49,107383,32],{"class":85},[49,107385,106519],{"class":88},[49,107387,92],{"class":85},[49,107389,4667],{"class":88},[49,107391,103],{"class":85},[49,107393,107394],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,107395,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,107397,107398,107400,107402,107404],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,107399,110],{"class":109},[49,107401,92],{"class":85},[49,107403,820],{"class":88},[49,107405,103],{"class":85},[49,107407,107408,107410,107412,107414],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,107409,110],{"class":109},[49,107411,92],{"class":85},[49,107413,2166],{"class":88},[49,107415,103],{"class":85},[20,107417,1974],{},[40,107419,107421],{"className":42,"code":107420,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107422,107423,107439],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107424,107425,107427,107429,107431,107433,107435,107437],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107426,9184],{"class":85},[49,107428,1223],{"class":458},[49,107430,341],{"class":85},[49,107432,2896],{"class":458},[49,107434,341],{"class":85},[49,107436,2354],{"class":458},[49,107438,9215],{"class":85},[49,107440,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,107442,9184],{"class":85},[49,107444,312],{"class":458},[49,107446,341],{"class":85},[49,107448,2354],{"class":458},[49,107450,9215],{"class":85},[353,107452,107454],{"id":107453},"intersection_update",[15,107455,107312],{},[194,107457,107458,107460],{},[197,107459,101356],{},[197,107461,107462],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[40,107464,107466],{"className":42,"code":107465,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107467,107468,107488,107508,107512,107526,107530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107469,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107471,2457],{"class":55},[49,107473,60],{"class":59},[49,107475,10398],{"class":85},[49,107477,1223],{"class":458},[49,107479,341],{"class":85},[49,107481,2896],{"class":458},[49,107483,341],{"class":85},[49,107485,2354],{"class":458},[49,107487,9215],{"class":85},[49,107489,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,107491,2485],{"class":55},[49,107493,60],{"class":59},[49,107495,10398],{"class":85},[49,107497,312],{"class":458},[49,107499,341],{"class":85},[49,107501,2354],{"class":458},[49,107503,341],{"class":85},[49,107505,808],{"class":458},[49,107507,9215],{"class":85},[49,107509,107510],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,107511,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,107513,107514,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,107515,820],{"class":55},[49,107517,32],{"class":85},[49,107519,107453],{"class":88},[49,107521,92],{"class":85},[49,107523,4667],{"class":88},[49,107525,103],{"class":85},[49,107527,107528],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,107529,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,107531,107532,107534,107536,107538],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,107533,110],{"class":109},[49,107535,92],{"class":85},[49,107537,820],{"class":88},[49,107539,103],{"class":85},[20,107541,1974],{},[40,107543,107545],{"className":42,"code":107544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107546,107547],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107548,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107550,9184],{"class":85},[49,107552,312],{"class":458},[49,107554,341],{"class":85},[49,107556,2354],{"class":458},[49,107558,9215],{"class":85},[20,107560,107561,107562,107564],{},"Choose ",[15,107563,102667],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[181,107566,4425],{"id":4424},[20,107568,14643,107569,1197],{},[15,107570,102667],{},[194,107572,107573,107576,107579,107582],{},[197,107574,107575],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[197,107577,107578],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[197,107580,107581],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[197,107583,107584,107585],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107586,102667],{},[20,107588,107589],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[194,107591,107592,107597,107600,107613],{},[197,107593,644,107594,107596],{},[15,107595,102667],{}," when order matters",[197,107598,107599],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[197,107601,1339,107602,1342,107604,634,107609],{},[15,107603,102667],{},[820,107605,107607],{"href":107606},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107608,102675],{},[820,107610,107611],{"href":102716},[15,107612,100290],{},[197,107614,107615],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107617,30041],{},[40,107619,107621],{"className":42,"code":107620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107622,107623,107633,107647,107665],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107624,107625,107627,107629,107631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107626,110],{"class":109},[49,107628,92],{"class":85},[49,107630,15577],{"class":88},[49,107632,103],{"class":85},[49,107634,107635,107637,107639,107641,107643,107645],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,107636,110],{"class":109},[49,107638,92],{"class":85},[49,107640,3127],{"class":2804},[49,107642,92],{"class":85},[49,107644,2166],{"class":88},[49,107646,1581],{"class":85},[49,107648,107649,107651,107653,107655,107657,107659,107661,107663],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,107650,110],{"class":109},[49,107652,92],{"class":85},[49,107654,100461],{"class":88},[49,107656,32],{"class":85},[49,107658,106519],{"class":88},[49,107660,92],{"class":85},[49,107662,100470],{"class":88},[49,107664,1581],{"class":85},[49,107666,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,107668,110],{"class":109},[49,107670,92],{"class":85},[49,107672,1631],{"class":109},[49,107674,92],{"class":85},[49,107676,2166],{"class":88},[49,107678,1581],{"class":85},[20,107680,214],{},[40,107682,107684],{"className":42,"code":107683,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107685,107686,107710,107730,107734,107752,107756,107766,107776,107790],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107687,107688,107690,107692,107694,107696,107698,107700,107702,107704,107706,107708],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107689,3525],{"class":55},[49,107691,60],{"class":59},[49,107693,10398],{"class":85},[49,107695,1223],{"class":458},[49,107697,341],{"class":85},[49,107699,2896],{"class":458},[49,107701,341],{"class":85},[49,107703,2896],{"class":458},[49,107705,341],{"class":85},[49,107707,2354],{"class":458},[49,107709,9215],{"class":85},[49,107711,107712,107714,107716,107718,107720,107722,107724,107726,107728],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,107713,43449],{"class":55},[49,107715,60],{"class":59},[49,107717,10398],{"class":85},[49,107719,312],{"class":458},[49,107721,341],{"class":85},[49,107723,2354],{"class":458},[49,107725,341],{"class":85},[49,107727,808],{"class":458},[49,107729,9215],{"class":85},[49,107731,107732],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,107733,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,107735,107736,107738,107740,107742,107744,107746,107748,107750],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,107737,2131],{"class":55},[49,107739,60],{"class":59},[49,107741,4169],{"class":55},[49,107743,32],{"class":85},[49,107745,106519],{"class":88},[49,107747,92],{"class":85},[49,107749,30649],{"class":88},[49,107751,103],{"class":85},[49,107753,107754],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,107755,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,107757,107758,107760,107762,107764],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,107759,110],{"class":109},[49,107761,92],{"class":85},[49,107763,3556],{"class":88},[49,107765,103],{"class":85},[49,107767,107768,107770,107772,107774],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,107769,110],{"class":109},[49,107771,92],{"class":85},[49,107773,2166],{"class":88},[49,107775,103],{"class":85},[49,107777,107778,107780,107782,107784,107786,107788],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,107779,110],{"class":109},[49,107781,92],{"class":85},[49,107783,3127],{"class":2804},[49,107785,92],{"class":85},[49,107787,2166],{"class":88},[49,107789,1581],{"class":85},[49,107791,107792,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,107793,110],{"class":109},[49,107795,92],{"class":85},[49,107797,1631],{"class":109},[49,107799,92],{"class":85},[49,107801,2166],{"class":88},[49,107803,1581],{"class":85},[20,107805,1974],{},[40,107807,107809],{"className":42,"code":107808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107810,107811,107827,107839,107853],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107812,107813,107815,107817,107819,107821,107823,107825],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107814,9184],{"class":85},[49,107816,1223],{"class":458},[49,107818,341],{"class":85},[49,107820,2896],{"class":458},[49,107822,341],{"class":85},[49,107824,2354],{"class":458},[49,107826,9215],{"class":85},[49,107828,107829,107831,107833,107835,107837],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,107830,9184],{"class":85},[49,107832,312],{"class":458},[49,107834,341],{"class":85},[49,107836,2354],{"class":458},[49,107838,9215],{"class":85},[49,107840,107841,107843,107845,107847,107849,107851],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,107842,3196],{"class":59},[49,107844,3199],{"class":1968},[49,107846,3202],{"class":63},[49,107848,6194],{"class":67},[49,107850,1573],{"class":63},[49,107852,3209],{"class":59},[49,107854,107855],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,107856,16968],{"class":458},[20,107858,107859,107860,107862],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107861,312],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[181,107864,1704],{"id":1703},[353,107866,1720,107868,102615],{"id":107867},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107869,102667],{},[20,107871,102618],{},[353,107873,5077,107875,107877],{"id":107874},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107876,102667],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107879,107880],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[353,107882,107884],{"id":107883},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107886,107887],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[353,107889,107891],{"id":107890},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107893,107894],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[40,107896,107897],{"className":42,"code":97335,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,107898,107899],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107900,107901,107903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107902,6194],{"class":2804},[49,107904,8548],{"class":85},[181,107906,1775],{"id":1774},[194,107908,107909,107913,107920,107926],{},[197,107910,107911],{},[820,107912,96205],{"href":96204},[197,107914,107915],{},[820,107916,3482,107917,1785],{"href":107606},[15,107918,107919],{},"set.union()",[197,107921,107922],{},[820,107923,3482,107924,1785],{"href":102716},[15,107925,100295],{},[197,107927,107928],{},[820,107929,100220],{"href":105219},[1834,107931,107932],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":107934},[107935,107937,107938,107939,107940,107942,107947,107948,107956],{"id":106548,"depth":74,"text":107936},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":107056,"depth":74,"text":107941},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107307,"depth":74,"text":107943,"children":107944},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107945,107946],{"id":106519,"depth":106,"text":102667},{"id":107453,"depth":106,"text":107312},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":107949},[107950,107952,107954,107955],{"id":107867,"depth":106,"text":107951},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107874,"depth":106,"text":107953},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107883,"depth":106,"text":107884},{"id":107890,"depth":106,"text":107891},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106441,"description":107957},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107964,"title":107965,"body":107966,"description":109202,"extension":1866,"meta":109203,"navigation":128,"path":109204,"seo":109205,"stem":109206,"__hash__":109207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107967,"toc":109169},[107968,107973,107979,107988,107990,108065,108070,108085,108095,108100,108104,108117,108121,108123,108138,108140,108156,108158,108233,108237,108240,108242,108259,108264,108319,108324,108336,108340,108343,108444,108446,108487,108490,108494,108501,108503,108528,108531,108549,108556,108562,108565,108647,108654,108657,108737,108746,108749,108754,108758,108772,108821,108826,108830,108841,108890,108901,108906,108910,108922,108971,108982,108984,108988,109011,109013,109070,109072,109086,109088,109094,109100,109106,109115,109119,109126,109130,109138,109140,109166],[10,107969,96077,107971,18],{"id":107970},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107972,12670],{},[20,107974,107975,107978],{},[15,107976,107977],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107980,107981,107982,107984,107985,107987],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[666,107983,4536],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107986,12670],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[181,107989,1907],{"id":1906},[40,107991,107993],{"className":42,"code":107992,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107994,107995,108027,108041,108045,108055],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,107996,107997,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011,108013,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,107998,7687],{"class":55},[49,108000,60],{"class":59},[49,108002,10398],{"class":85},[49,108004,95],{"class":63},[49,108006,3985],{"class":67},[49,108008,95],{"class":63},[49,108010,341],{"class":85},[49,108012,64],{"class":63},[49,108014,230],{"class":67},[49,108016,95],{"class":63},[49,108018,341],{"class":85},[49,108020,64],{"class":63},[49,108022,4002],{"class":67},[49,108024,95],{"class":63},[49,108026,9215],{"class":85},[49,108028,108029,108031,108033,108035,108037,108039],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108030,69815],{"class":55},[49,108032,60],{"class":59},[49,108034,5873],{"class":55},[49,108036,32],{"class":85},[49,108038,26150],{"class":88},[49,108040,8548],{"class":85},[49,108042,108043],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,108044,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,108046,108047,108049,108051,108053],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,108048,110],{"class":109},[49,108050,92],{"class":85},[49,108052,69838],{"class":88},[49,108054,103],{"class":85},[49,108056,108057,108059,108061,108063],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,108058,110],{"class":109},[49,108060,92],{"class":85},[49,108062,7718],{"class":88},[49,108064,103],{"class":85},[20,108066,108067],{},[666,108068,108069],{},"What this does:",[194,108071,108072,108077,108082],{},[197,108073,108074,108075],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108076,7718],{},[197,108078,108079,108080],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108081,69838],{},[197,108083,108084],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108086,108087,88839,108089,108091,108092,108094],{},[666,108088,83697],{},[15,108090,107977],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[666,108093,4536],{}," chosen by index.",[181,108096,184,108098,187],{"id":108097},"what-setpop-does",[15,108099,107977],{},[20,108101,108102,1197],{},[15,108103,107977],{},[194,108105,108106,108108,108111,108114],{},[197,108107,102918],{},[197,108109,108110],{},"Returns the removed item",[197,108112,108113],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[197,108115,108116],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108118,96201,108119,32],{},[820,108120,96205],{"href":97376},[181,108122,316],{"id":315},[40,108124,108126],{"className":42,"code":108125,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108127,108128],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108129,108130,108132,108134,108136],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108131,15577],{"class":55},[49,108133,32],{"class":85},[49,108135,26150],{"class":88},[49,108137,8548],{"class":85},[20,108139,12960],{},[194,108141,108142,108148,108153],{},[197,108143,108144,108145],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108146,108147],{},"my_set.pop()",[197,108149,108150,108151],{},"It takes ",[666,108152,28593],{},[197,108154,108155],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108157,214],{},[40,108159,108161],{"className":42,"code":108160,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108162,108163,108195,108209,108213,108223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108164,108165,108167,108169,108171,108173,108175,108177,108179,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108166,12984],{"class":55},[49,108168,60],{"class":59},[49,108170,10398],{"class":85},[49,108172,95],{"class":63},[49,108174,13001],{"class":67},[49,108176,95],{"class":63},[49,108178,341],{"class":85},[49,108180,64],{"class":63},[49,108182,13018],{"class":67},[49,108184,95],{"class":63},[49,108186,341],{"class":85},[49,108188,64],{"class":63},[49,108190,17365],{"class":67},[49,108192,95],{"class":63},[49,108194,9215],{"class":85},[49,108196,108197,108199,108201,108203,108205,108207],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108198,28443],{"class":55},[49,108200,60],{"class":59},[49,108202,13032],{"class":55},[49,108204,32],{"class":85},[49,108206,26150],{"class":88},[49,108208,8548],{"class":85},[49,108210,108211],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,108212,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,108214,108215,108217,108219,108221],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,108216,110],{"class":109},[49,108218,92],{"class":85},[49,108220,23220],{"class":88},[49,108222,103],{"class":85},[49,108224,108225,108227,108229,108231],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,108226,110],{"class":109},[49,108228,92],{"class":85},[49,108230,17412],{"class":88},[49,108232,103],{"class":85},[181,108234,108236],{"id":108235},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108238,108239],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108241,2011],{},[194,108243,108244,108250,108253],{},[197,108245,108246,108247,108249],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108248,12670],{}," removes",[197,108251,108252],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[197,108254,108255,108256,108258],{},"You should not use ",[15,108257,12670],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108260,10368,108261,108263],{},[666,108262,4536],{}," valid:",[40,108265,108267],{"className":42,"code":108266,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108268,108269,108301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108270,108271,108273,108275,108277,108279,108281,108283,108285,108287,108289,108291,108293,108295,108297,108299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108272,36143],{"class":55},[49,108274,60],{"class":59},[49,108276,10398],{"class":85},[49,108278,95],{"class":63},[49,108280,3985],{"class":67},[49,108282,95],{"class":63},[49,108284,341],{"class":85},[49,108286,64],{"class":63},[49,108288,230],{"class":67},[49,108290,95],{"class":63},[49,108292,341],{"class":85},[49,108294,64],{"class":63},[49,108296,4002],{"class":67},[49,108298,95],{"class":63},[49,108300,9215],{"class":85},[49,108302,108303,108305,108307,108309,108311,108313,108315,108317],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108304,36195],{"class":55},[49,108306,32],{"class":85},[49,108308,26150],{"class":88},[49,108310,92],{"class":85},[49,108312,95],{"class":63},[49,108314,3985],{"class":67},[49,108316,95],{"class":63},[49,108318,103],{"class":85},[20,108320,39556,108321,108323],{},[15,108322,107977],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108325,108326,108327,634,108331,32],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[820,108328,108329],{"href":98086},[15,108330,102744],{},[820,108332,108334],{"href":108333},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108335,102735],{},[181,108337,108339],{"id":108338},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108341,108342],{},"Here is a simple example:",[40,108344,108346],{"className":42,"code":108345,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108347,108348,108382,108386,108402,108406,108425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108349,108350,108353,108355,108357,108359,108361,108363,108365,108367,108369,108371,108373,108375,108378,108380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108351,108352],{"class":55},"animals ",[49,108354,60],{"class":59},[49,108356,10398],{"class":85},[49,108358,95],{"class":63},[49,108360,36952],{"class":67},[49,108362,95],{"class":63},[49,108364,341],{"class":85},[49,108366,64],{"class":63},[49,108368,58023],{"class":67},[49,108370,95],{"class":63},[49,108372,341],{"class":85},[49,108374,64],{"class":63},[49,108376,108377],{"class":67},"rabbit",[49,108379,95],{"class":63},[49,108381,9215],{"class":85},[49,108383,108384],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108385,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,108387,108388,108391,108393,108396,108398,108400],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,108389,108390],{"class":55},"removed_animal ",[49,108392,60],{"class":59},[49,108394,108395],{"class":55}," animals",[49,108397,32],{"class":85},[49,108399,26150],{"class":88},[49,108401,8548],{"class":85},[49,108403,108404],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,108405,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,108407,108408,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108423],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,108409,110],{"class":109},[49,108411,92],{"class":85},[49,108413,95],{"class":63},[49,108415,28861],{"class":67},[49,108417,95],{"class":63},[49,108419,341],{"class":85},[49,108421,108422],{"class":88}," removed_animal",[49,108424,103],{"class":85},[49,108426,108427,108429,108431,108433,108436,108438,108440,108442],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,108428,110],{"class":109},[49,108430,92],{"class":85},[49,108432,95],{"class":63},[49,108434,108435],{"class":67},"Updated set:",[49,108437,95],{"class":63},[49,108439,341],{"class":85},[49,108441,108395],{"class":88},[49,108443,103],{"class":85},[20,108445,29935],{},[40,108447,108449],{"className":42,"code":108448,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108450,108451,108460],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108452,108453,108455,108457],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108454,28903],{"class":55},[49,108456,1197],{"class":85},[49,108458,108459],{"class":55}," dog\n",[49,108461,108462,108465,108467,108469,108471,108473,108475,108477,108479,108481,108483,108485],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108463,108464],{"class":55},"Updated ",[49,108466,6194],{"class":2804},[49,108468,1197],{"class":85},[49,108470,10398],{"class":85},[49,108472,1573],{"class":63},[49,108474,36952],{"class":67},[49,108476,1573],{"class":63},[49,108478,341],{"class":85},[49,108480,3202],{"class":63},[49,108482,108377],{"class":67},[49,108484,1573],{"class":63},[49,108486,9215],{"class":85},[20,108488,108489],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[181,108491,108493],{"id":108492},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108495,29555,108496,108498,108499,32],{},[15,108497,12670],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108500,19598],{},[20,108502,214],{},[40,108504,108506],{"className":42,"code":108505,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108507,108508,108518],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108509,108510,108512,108514,108516],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108511,7687],{"class":55},[49,108513,60],{"class":59},[49,108515,15544],{"class":2804},[49,108517,8548],{"class":85},[49,108519,108520,108522,108524,108526],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108521,7718],{"class":55},[49,108523,32],{"class":85},[49,108525,26150],{"class":88},[49,108527,8548],{"class":85},[20,108529,108530],{},"This raises:",[40,108532,108534],{"className":42,"code":108533,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108535,108536],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108537,108538,108540,108542,108544,108547],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108539,19598],{"class":2804},[49,108541,1197],{"class":85},[49,108543,3202],{"class":63},[49,108545,108546],{"class":67},"pop from an empty set",[49,108548,29605],{"class":63},[20,108550,108551,108552,108555],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[820,108553,108554],{"href":10981},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[353,108557,108559,108560],{"id":108558},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108561,12670],{},[20,108563,108564],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[40,108566,108568],{"className":42,"code":108567,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108569,108570,108580,108584,108592,108607,108626,108632],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108571,108572,108574,108576,108578],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108573,7687],{"class":55},[49,108575,60],{"class":59},[49,108577,15544],{"class":2804},[49,108579,8548],{"class":85},[49,108581,108582],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108583,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,108585,108586,108588,108590],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,108587,1211],{"class":1210},[49,108589,5873],{"class":55},[49,108591,1226],{"class":85},[49,108593,108594,108597,108599,108601,108603,108605],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,108595,108596],{"class":55},"    removed ",[49,108598,60],{"class":59},[49,108600,5873],{"class":55},[49,108602,32],{"class":85},[49,108604,26150],{"class":88},[49,108606,8548],{"class":85},[49,108608,108609,108611,108613,108615,108617,108619,108621,108624],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,108610,1273],{"class":109},[49,108612,92],{"class":85},[49,108614,95],{"class":63},[49,108616,28861],{"class":67},[49,108618,95],{"class":63},[49,108620,341],{"class":85},[49,108622,108623],{"class":88}," removed",[49,108625,103],{"class":85},[49,108627,108628,108630],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,108629,1416],{"class":1210},[49,108631,1226],{"class":85},[49,108633,108634,108636,108638,108640,108643,108645],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,108635,1273],{"class":109},[49,108637,92],{"class":85},[49,108639,95],{"class":63},[49,108641,108642],{"class":67},"The set is empty.",[49,108644,95],{"class":63},[49,108646,103],{"class":85},[353,108648,35,108650,380,108652],{"id":108649},"use-try-and-except",[15,108651,29709],{},[15,108653,29740],{},[20,108655,108656],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[40,108658,108660],{"className":42,"code":108659,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108661,108662,108672,108676,108682,108696,108714,108722],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108663,108664,108666,108668,108670],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108665,7687],{"class":55},[49,108667,60],{"class":59},[49,108669,15544],{"class":2804},[49,108671,8548],{"class":85},[49,108673,108674],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108675,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,108677,108678,108680],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,108679,29709],{"class":1210},[49,108681,1226],{"class":85},[49,108683,108684,108686,108688,108690,108692,108694],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,108685,108596],{"class":55},[49,108687,60],{"class":59},[49,108689,5873],{"class":55},[49,108691,32],{"class":85},[49,108693,26150],{"class":88},[49,108695,8548],{"class":85},[49,108697,108698,108700,108702,108704,108706,108708,108710,108712],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,108699,1273],{"class":109},[49,108701,92],{"class":85},[49,108703,95],{"class":63},[49,108705,28861],{"class":67},[49,108707,95],{"class":63},[49,108709,341],{"class":85},[49,108711,108623],{"class":88},[49,108713,103],{"class":85},[49,108715,108716,108718,108720],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,108717,29740],{"class":1210},[49,108719,29743],{"class":2804},[49,108721,1226],{"class":85},[49,108723,108724,108726,108728,108730,108733,108735],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,108725,1273],{"class":109},[49,108727,92],{"class":85},[49,108729,95],{"class":63},[49,108731,108732],{"class":67},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[49,108734,95],{"class":63},[49,108736,103],{"class":85},[181,108738,4868,108740,983,108742,983,108744],{"id":108739},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108741,12670],{},[15,108743,55426],{},[15,108745,102730],{},[20,108747,108748],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[353,108750,35,108752],{"id":108751},"use-pop",[15,108753,12670],{},[20,108755,35,108756,10508],{},[15,108757,12670],{},[194,108759,108760,108766,108769],{},[197,108761,108762,108763],{},"You want to remove ",[666,108764,108765],{},"any one item",[197,108767,108768],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[197,108770,108771],{},"You want the removed item returned",[40,108773,108775],{"className":42,"code":108774,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108776,108777,108797,108811],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108778,108779,108781,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791,108793,108795],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108780,3525],{"class":55},[49,108782,60],{"class":59},[49,108784,10398],{"class":85},[49,108786,1223],{"class":458},[49,108788,341],{"class":85},[49,108790,2896],{"class":458},[49,108792,341],{"class":85},[49,108794,2354],{"class":458},[49,108796,9215],{"class":85},[49,108798,108799,108801,108803,108805,108807,108809],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108800,2349],{"class":55},[49,108802,60],{"class":59},[49,108804,4169],{"class":55},[49,108806,32],{"class":85},[49,108808,26150],{"class":88},[49,108810,8548],{"class":85},[49,108812,108813,108815,108817,108819],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,108814,110],{"class":109},[49,108816,92],{"class":85},[49,108818,338],{"class":88},[49,108820,103],{"class":85},[353,108822,35,108824],{"id":108823},"use-remove",[15,108825,55426],{},[20,108827,35,108828,10508],{},[15,108829,55426],{},[194,108831,108832,108838],{},[197,108833,108834,108835],{},"You want to delete a ",[666,108836,108837],{},"specific item",[197,108839,108840],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[40,108842,108844],{"className":42,"code":108843,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108845,108846,108866,108880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108847,108848,108850,108852,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108849,3525],{"class":55},[49,108851,60],{"class":59},[49,108853,10398],{"class":85},[49,108855,1223],{"class":458},[49,108857,341],{"class":85},[49,108859,2896],{"class":458},[49,108861,341],{"class":85},[49,108863,2354],{"class":458},[49,108865,9215],{"class":85},[49,108867,108868,108870,108872,108874,108876,108878],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108869,3556],{"class":55},[49,108871,32],{"class":85},[49,108873,34701],{"class":88},[49,108875,92],{"class":85},[49,108877,312],{"class":458},[49,108879,103],{"class":85},[49,108881,108882,108884,108886,108888],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,108883,110],{"class":109},[49,108885,92],{"class":85},[49,108887,3556],{"class":88},[49,108889,103],{"class":85},[20,108891,108892,108893,108895,108896,108900],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108894,55426],{}," raises an error. See the ",[820,108897,108898,1785],{"href":98086},[15,108899,102744],{}," for details.",[353,108902,35,108904],{"id":108903},"use-discard",[15,108905,102730],{},[20,108907,35,108908,10508],{},[15,108909,102730],{},[194,108911,108912,108916],{},[197,108913,108834,108914],{},[666,108915,108837],{},[197,108917,108918,108919,108921],{},"You do ",[666,108920,4536],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[40,108923,108925],{"className":42,"code":108924,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108926,108927,108947,108961],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,108928,108929,108931,108933,108935,108937,108939,108941,108943,108945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,108930,3525],{"class":55},[49,108932,60],{"class":59},[49,108934,10398],{"class":85},[49,108936,1223],{"class":458},[49,108938,341],{"class":85},[49,108940,2896],{"class":458},[49,108942,341],{"class":85},[49,108944,2354],{"class":458},[49,108946,9215],{"class":85},[49,108948,108949,108951,108953,108955,108957,108959],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,108950,3556],{"class":55},[49,108952,32],{"class":85},[49,108954,102797],{"class":88},[49,108956,92],{"class":85},[49,108958,2040],{"class":458},[49,108960,103],{"class":85},[49,108962,108963,108965,108967,108969],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,108964,110],{"class":109},[49,108966,92],{"class":85},[49,108968,3556],{"class":88},[49,108970,103],{"class":85},[20,108972,108973,108974,108976,108977,108981],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108975,2040],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[820,108978,108979,1785],{"href":108333},[15,108980,102735],{}," for more examples.",[181,108983,1308],{"id":1307},[20,108985,71361,108986,1197],{},[15,108987,107977],{},[194,108989,108990,108996,109001,109006],{},[197,108991,108992,108993],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108994,108995],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[197,108997,1318,108998,109000],{},[15,108999,12670],{}," to remove the first or last item",[197,109002,29555,109003,109005],{},[15,109004,12670],{}," on an empty set",[197,109007,644,109008,109010],{},[15,109009,12670],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109012,62185],{},[40,109014,109016],{"className":42,"code":109015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109017,109018,109028,109042,109056],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109019,109020,109022,109024,109026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109021,110],{"class":109},[49,109023,92],{"class":85},[49,109025,15577],{"class":88},[49,109027,103],{"class":85},[49,109029,109030,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,109031,110],{"class":109},[49,109033,92],{"class":85},[49,109035,1631],{"class":109},[49,109037,92],{"class":85},[49,109039,15577],{"class":88},[49,109041,1581],{"class":85},[49,109043,109044,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,109045,110],{"class":109},[49,109047,92],{"class":85},[49,109049,3127],{"class":2804},[49,109051,92],{"class":85},[49,109053,15577],{"class":88},[49,109055,1581],{"class":85},[49,109057,109058,109060,109062,109064,109066,109068],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,109059,28443],{"class":55},[49,109061,60],{"class":59},[49,109063,96801],{"class":55},[49,109065,32],{"class":85},[49,109067,26150],{"class":88},[49,109069,8548],{"class":85},[20,109071,25918],{},[194,109073,109074,109077,109080,109083],{},[197,109075,109076],{},"What values are in the set",[197,109078,109079],{},"Whether the set is empty",[197,109081,109082],{},"That the object is really a set",[197,109084,109085],{},"What value was actually removed",[181,109087,1704],{"id":1703},[353,109089,1720,109091,109093],{"id":109090},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109092,107977],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109095,109096,109097,109099],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109098,12670],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[353,109101,109103,109104,2394],{"id":109102},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109105,107977],{},[20,109107,109108,109109,109111,109112,109114],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109110,12670],{},", set ",[15,109113,12670],{}," does not accept an index.",[353,109116,109118],{"id":109117},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109120,71530,109121,44529,109123,109125],{},[15,109122,19598],{},[15,109124,12670],{}," is called on an empty set.",[353,109127,109129],{"id":109128},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109131,35,109132,634,109134,10999,109136,32],{},[15,109133,55426],{},[15,109135,102730],{},[15,109137,12670],{},[181,109139,1775],{"id":1774},[194,109141,109142,109146,109152,109158,109162],{},[197,109143,109144],{},[820,109145,96205],{"href":97376},[197,109147,109148],{},[820,109149,96691,109150,1785],{"href":98086},[15,109151,55426],{},[197,109153,109154],{},[820,109155,96691,109156,1785],{"href":108333},[15,109157,102730],{},[197,109159,109160],{},[820,109161,11169],{"href":10981},[197,109163,109164],{},[820,109165,55412],{"href":54965},[1834,109167,109168],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":109170},[109171,109172,109174,109175,109176,109177,109183,109192,109193,109201],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":108097,"depth":74,"text":109173},"What set.pop() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":108235,"depth":74,"text":108236},{"id":108338,"depth":74,"text":108339},{"id":108492,"depth":74,"text":108493,"children":109178},[109179,109181],{"id":108558,"depth":106,"text":109180},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108649,"depth":106,"text":109182},"Use try and except",{"id":108739,"depth":74,"text":109184,"children":109185},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109186,109188,109190],{"id":108751,"depth":106,"text":109187},"Use pop()",{"id":108823,"depth":106,"text":109189},"Use remove()",{"id":108903,"depth":106,"text":109191},"Use discard()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":109194},[109195,109197,109199,109200],{"id":109090,"depth":106,"text":109196},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109102,"depth":106,"text":109198},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109117,"depth":106,"text":109118},{"id":109128,"depth":106,"text":109129},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107965,"description":109202},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109209,"title":109210,"body":109211,"description":110365,"extension":1866,"meta":110366,"navigation":128,"path":110367,"seo":110368,"stem":110369,"__hash__":110370},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109212,"toc":110333},[109213,109218,109223,109232,109234,109299,109303,109327,109334,109339,109343,109358,109361,109363,109382,109396,109399,109447,109451,109467,109469,109542,109546,109571,109577,109585,109589,109596,109651,109656,109673,109679,109685,109690,109698,109705,109709,109717,109772,109774,109791,109795,109802,109867,109871,109904,109906,109918,109925,109927,109932,109939,109941,110010,110014,110022,110024,110088,110092,110097,110144,110149,110217,110225,110232,110235,110241,110246,110250,110252,110255,110257,110262,110267,110273,110278,110285,110293,110299,110302,110304,110330],[10,109214,96077,109216,18],{"id":109215},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109217,55426],{},[20,109219,109220,109222],{},[15,109221,102744],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109224,109225,109226,109229,109230,32],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[666,109227,109228],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109231,19598],{},[181,109233,1907],{"id":1906},[40,109235,109237],{"className":42,"code":109236,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109238,109239,109271,109289],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109240,109241,109243,109245,109247,109249,109251,109253,109255,109257,109259,109261,109263,109265,109267,109269],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109242,12984],{"class":55},[49,109244,60],{"class":59},[49,109246,10398],{"class":85},[49,109248,95],{"class":63},[49,109250,13001],{"class":67},[49,109252,95],{"class":63},[49,109254,341],{"class":85},[49,109256,64],{"class":63},[49,109258,13018],{"class":67},[49,109260,95],{"class":63},[49,109262,341],{"class":85},[49,109264,64],{"class":63},[49,109266,17365],{"class":67},[49,109268,95],{"class":63},[49,109270,9215],{"class":85},[49,109272,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283,109285,109287],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,109274,17412],{"class":55},[49,109276,32],{"class":85},[49,109278,34701],{"class":88},[49,109280,92],{"class":85},[49,109282,95],{"class":63},[49,109284,13018],{"class":67},[49,109286,95],{"class":63},[49,109288,103],{"class":85},[49,109290,109291,109293,109295,109297],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,109292,110],{"class":109},[49,109294,92],{"class":85},[49,109296,17412],{"class":88},[49,109298,103],{"class":85},[20,109300,109301],{},[666,109302,29935],{},[40,109304,109305],{"className":42,"code":103424,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,109306,109307],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109308,109309,109311,109313,109315,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109310,9184],{"class":85},[49,109312,1573],{"class":63},[49,109314,13001],{"class":67},[49,109316,1573],{"class":63},[49,109318,341],{"class":85},[49,109320,3202],{"class":63},[49,109322,17365],{"class":67},[49,109324,1573],{"class":63},[49,109326,9215],{"class":85},[20,109328,35,109329,109331,109332,32],{},[15,109330,55426],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109333,19598],{},[181,109335,184,109337,187],{"id":109336},"what-setremove-does",[15,109338,102744],{},[20,109340,109341,1197],{},[15,109342,102744],{},[194,109344,109345,109348,109350,109352],{},[197,109346,109347],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[197,109349,96192],{},[197,109351,96195],{},[197,109353,109354,109355,109357],{},"Raises ",[15,109356,19598],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109359,109360],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[181,109362,316],{"id":315},[40,109364,109366],{"className":42,"code":109365,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109367,109368],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109369,109370,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109371,15577],{"class":55},[49,109373,32],{"class":85},[49,109375,34701],{"class":88},[49,109377,92],{"class":85},[49,109379,338],{"class":88},[49,109381,103],{"class":85},[194,109383,109384,109388,109393],{},[197,109385,109386,102966],{},[15,109387,15577],{},[197,109389,109390,109392],{},[15,109391,338],{}," is the item to remove",[197,109394,109395],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109397,109398],{},"Here is a small example:",[40,109400,109401],{"className":42,"code":108843,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,109402,109403,109423,109437],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109404,109405,109407,109409,109411,109413,109415,109417,109419,109421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109406,3525],{"class":55},[49,109408,60],{"class":59},[49,109410,10398],{"class":85},[49,109412,1223],{"class":458},[49,109414,341],{"class":85},[49,109416,2896],{"class":458},[49,109418,341],{"class":85},[49,109420,2354],{"class":458},[49,109422,9215],{"class":85},[49,109424,109425,109427,109429,109431,109433,109435],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,109426,3556],{"class":55},[49,109428,32],{"class":85},[49,109430,34701],{"class":88},[49,109432,92],{"class":85},[49,109434,312],{"class":458},[49,109436,103],{"class":85},[49,109438,109439,109441,109443,109445],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,109440,110],{"class":109},[49,109442,92],{"class":85},[49,109444,3556],{"class":88},[49,109446,103],{"class":85},[20,109448,109449],{},[666,109450,29935],{},[40,109452,109453],{"className":42,"code":101174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,109454,109455],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109456,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109458,9184],{"class":85},[49,109460,1223],{"class":458},[49,109462,341],{"class":85},[49,109464,2354],{"class":458},[49,109466,9215],{"class":85},[181,109468,11381],{"id":11380},[40,109470,109472],{"className":42,"code":109471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109473,109474,109506,109510,109528,109532],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109475,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109477,36143],{"class":55},[49,109479,60],{"class":59},[49,109481,10398],{"class":85},[49,109483,95],{"class":63},[49,109485,3985],{"class":67},[49,109487,95],{"class":63},[49,109489,341],{"class":85},[49,109491,64],{"class":63},[49,109493,230],{"class":67},[49,109495,95],{"class":63},[49,109497,341],{"class":85},[49,109499,64],{"class":63},[49,109501,33128],{"class":67},[49,109503,95],{"class":63},[49,109505,9215],{"class":85},[49,109507,109508],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,109509,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,109511,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,109513,36195],{"class":55},[49,109515,32],{"class":85},[49,109517,34701],{"class":88},[49,109519,92],{"class":85},[49,109521,95],{"class":63},[49,109523,230],{"class":67},[49,109525,95],{"class":63},[49,109527,103],{"class":85},[49,109529,109530],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,109531,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,109533,109534,109536,109538,109540],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,109535,110],{"class":109},[49,109537,92],{"class":85},[49,109539,36195],{"class":88},[49,109541,103],{"class":85},[20,109543,109544],{},[666,109545,29935],{},[40,109547,109549],{"className":42,"code":109548,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109550,109551],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109552,109553,109555,109557,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109554,9184],{"class":85},[49,109556,1573],{"class":63},[49,109558,3985],{"class":67},[49,109560,1573],{"class":63},[49,109562,341],{"class":85},[49,109564,3202],{"class":63},[49,109566,33128],{"class":67},[49,109568,1573],{"class":63},[49,109570,9215],{"class":85},[20,109572,109573,109574,109576],{},"This removes ",[15,109575,65160],{}," from the set.",[20,109578,109579,109580,109582,109583,32],{},"A set does ",[666,109581,4536],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[820,109584,96209],{"href":97760},[181,109586,109588],{"id":109587},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109590,109591,109592,1007,109594,32],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109593,55426],{},[15,109595,19598],{},[40,109597,109599],{"className":42,"code":109598,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109600,109601,109633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109602,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109604,12984],{"class":55},[49,109606,60],{"class":59},[49,109608,10398],{"class":85},[49,109610,95],{"class":63},[49,109612,13001],{"class":67},[49,109614,95],{"class":63},[49,109616,341],{"class":85},[49,109618,64],{"class":63},[49,109620,13018],{"class":67},[49,109622,95],{"class":63},[49,109624,341],{"class":85},[49,109626,64],{"class":63},[49,109628,17365],{"class":67},[49,109630,95],{"class":63},[49,109632,9215],{"class":85},[49,109634,109635,109637,109639,109641,109643,109645,109647,109649],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,109636,17412],{"class":55},[49,109638,32],{"class":85},[49,109640,34701],{"class":88},[49,109642,92],{"class":85},[49,109644,95],{"class":63},[49,109646,22433],{"class":67},[49,109648,95],{"class":63},[49,109650,103],{"class":85},[20,109652,109653],{},[666,109654,109655],{},"Result:",[40,109657,109659],{"className":42,"code":109658,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109660,109661],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109662,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109664,19598],{"class":2804},[49,109666,1197],{"class":85},[49,109668,3202],{"class":63},[49,109670,22433],{"class":67},[49,109672,29605],{"class":63},[20,109674,22098,109675,109678],{},[15,109676,109677],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109680,109681,109682,109684],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109683,55426],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109686,109687,109688,32],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[820,109689,11169],{"href":10981},[181,109691,4104,109693,109695,109696],{"id":109692},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109694,55426],{}," is different from ",[15,109697,102730],{},[20,109699,109700,380,109702,109704],{},[15,109701,55426],{},[15,109703,102730],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[353,109706,109707],{"id":34701},[15,109708,55426],{},[194,109710,109711,109714],{},[197,109712,109713],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[197,109715,109716],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[40,109718,109720],{"className":42,"code":109719,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109721,109722,109754],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109723,109724,109726,109728,109730,109732,109734,109736,109738,109740,109742,109744,109746,109748,109750,109752],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109725,35994],{"class":55},[49,109727,60],{"class":59},[49,109729,10398],{"class":85},[49,109731,95],{"class":63},[49,109733,820],{"class":67},[49,109735,95],{"class":63},[49,109737,341],{"class":85},[49,109739,64],{"class":63},[49,109741,4667],{"class":67},[49,109743,95],{"class":63},[49,109745,341],{"class":85},[49,109747,64],{"class":63},[49,109749,9646],{"class":67},[49,109751,95],{"class":63},[49,109753,9215],{"class":85},[49,109755,109756,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,109757,36047],{"class":55},[49,109759,32],{"class":85},[49,109761,34701],{"class":88},[49,109763,92],{"class":85},[49,109765,95],{"class":63},[49,109767,18678],{"class":67},[49,109769,95],{"class":63},[49,109771,103],{"class":85},[20,109773,108530],{},[40,109775,109777],{"className":42,"code":109776,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109778,109779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109780,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109782,19598],{"class":2804},[49,109784,1197],{"class":85},[49,109786,3202],{"class":63},[49,109788,18678],{"class":67},[49,109790,29605],{"class":63},[353,109792,109793],{"id":102797},[15,109794,102730],{},[194,109796,109797,109799],{},[197,109798,109713],{},[197,109800,109801],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[40,109803,109805],{"className":42,"code":109804,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109806,109807,109839,109857],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109808,109809,109811,109813,109815,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109810,35994],{"class":55},[49,109812,60],{"class":59},[49,109814,10398],{"class":85},[49,109816,95],{"class":63},[49,109818,820],{"class":67},[49,109820,95],{"class":63},[49,109822,341],{"class":85},[49,109824,64],{"class":63},[49,109826,4667],{"class":67},[49,109828,95],{"class":63},[49,109830,341],{"class":85},[49,109832,64],{"class":63},[49,109834,9646],{"class":67},[49,109836,95],{"class":63},[49,109838,9215],{"class":85},[49,109840,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,109842,36047],{"class":55},[49,109844,32],{"class":85},[49,109846,102797],{"class":88},[49,109848,92],{"class":85},[49,109850,95],{"class":63},[49,109852,18678],{"class":67},[49,109854,95],{"class":63},[49,109856,103],{"class":85},[49,109858,109859,109861,109863,109865],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,109860,110],{"class":109},[49,109862,92],{"class":85},[49,109864,36047],{"class":88},[49,109866,103],{"class":85},[20,109868,109869],{},[666,109870,1974],{},[40,109872,109874],{"className":42,"code":109873,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109875,109876],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109877,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894,109896,109898,109900,109902],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109879,9184],{"class":85},[49,109881,1573],{"class":63},[49,109883,820],{"class":67},[49,109885,1573],{"class":63},[49,109887,341],{"class":85},[49,109889,3202],{"class":63},[49,109891,4667],{"class":67},[49,109893,1573],{"class":63},[49,109895,341],{"class":85},[49,109897,3202],{"class":63},[49,109899,9646],{"class":67},[49,109901,1573],{"class":63},[49,109903,9215],{"class":85},[20,109905,18605],{},[194,109907,109908,109913],{},[197,109909,109910,109912],{},[15,109911,55426],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[197,109914,109915,109917],{},[15,109916,102730],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109919,109920,109921,32],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[820,109922,96691,109923,1785],{"href":108333},[15,109924,102730],{},[181,109926,4425],{"id":4424},[353,109928,1318,109930,97071],{"id":109929},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109931,55426],{},[20,109933,109934,109936,109937,32],{},[15,109935,55426],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109938,3684],{},[20,109940,16555],{},[40,109942,109944],{"className":42,"code":109943,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109945,109946,109978,110000],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,109947,109948,109950,109952,109954,109956,109958,109960,109962,109964,109966,109968,109970,109972,109974,109976],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,109949,12984],{"class":55},[49,109951,60],{"class":59},[49,109953,10398],{"class":85},[49,109955,95],{"class":63},[49,109957,13001],{"class":67},[49,109959,95],{"class":63},[49,109961,341],{"class":85},[49,109963,64],{"class":63},[49,109965,13018],{"class":67},[49,109967,95],{"class":63},[49,109969,341],{"class":85},[49,109971,64],{"class":63},[49,109973,17365],{"class":67},[49,109975,95],{"class":63},[49,109977,9215],{"class":85},[49,109979,109980,109982,109984,109986,109988,109990,109992,109994,109996,109998],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,109981,13027],{"class":55},[49,109983,60],{"class":59},[49,109985,13032],{"class":55},[49,109987,32],{"class":85},[49,109989,34701],{"class":88},[49,109991,92],{"class":85},[49,109993,95],{"class":63},[49,109995,13018],{"class":67},[49,109997,95],{"class":63},[49,109999,103],{"class":85},[49,110001,110002,110004,110006,110008],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,110003,110],{"class":109},[49,110005,92],{"class":85},[49,110007,13051],{"class":88},[49,110009,103],{"class":85},[20,110011,110012],{},[666,110013,1974],{},[40,110015,110016],{"className":42,"code":11715,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,110017,110018],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110019,110020],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110021,11715],{"class":3757},[20,110023,16567],{},[40,110025,110026],{"className":42,"code":109236,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,110027,110028,110060,110078],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110029,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050,110052,110054,110056,110058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110031,12984],{"class":55},[49,110033,60],{"class":59},[49,110035,10398],{"class":85},[49,110037,95],{"class":63},[49,110039,13001],{"class":67},[49,110041,95],{"class":63},[49,110043,341],{"class":85},[49,110045,64],{"class":63},[49,110047,13018],{"class":67},[49,110049,95],{"class":63},[49,110051,341],{"class":85},[49,110053,64],{"class":63},[49,110055,17365],{"class":67},[49,110057,95],{"class":63},[49,110059,9215],{"class":85},[49,110061,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,110063,17412],{"class":55},[49,110065,32],{"class":85},[49,110067,34701],{"class":88},[49,110069,92],{"class":85},[49,110071,95],{"class":63},[49,110073,13018],{"class":67},[49,110075,95],{"class":63},[49,110077,103],{"class":85},[49,110079,110080,110082,110084,110086],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,110081,110],{"class":109},[49,110083,92],{"class":85},[49,110085,17412],{"class":88},[49,110087,103],{"class":85},[353,110089,110091],{"id":110090},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110093,110094,110095,32],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110096,19598],{},[40,110098,110100],{"className":42,"code":110099,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110101,110102,110126],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110103,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116,110118,110120,110122,110124],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110105,12984],{"class":55},[49,110107,60],{"class":59},[49,110109,10398],{"class":85},[49,110111,95],{"class":63},[49,110113,13001],{"class":67},[49,110115,95],{"class":63},[49,110117,341],{"class":85},[49,110119,64],{"class":63},[49,110121,13018],{"class":67},[49,110123,95],{"class":63},[49,110125,9215],{"class":85},[49,110127,110128,110130,110132,110134,110136,110138,110140,110142],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,110129,17412],{"class":55},[49,110131,32],{"class":85},[49,110133,34701],{"class":88},[49,110135,92],{"class":85},[49,110137,95],{"class":63},[49,110139,17365],{"class":67},[49,110141,95],{"class":63},[49,110143,103],{"class":85},[20,110145,110146,110147,1197],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110148,3788],{},[40,110150,110152],{"className":42,"code":110151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110153,110154,110178,110182,110198],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110155,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168,110170,110172,110174,110176],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110157,12984],{"class":55},[49,110159,60],{"class":59},[49,110161,10398],{"class":85},[49,110163,95],{"class":63},[49,110165,13001],{"class":67},[49,110167,95],{"class":63},[49,110169,341],{"class":85},[49,110171,64],{"class":63},[49,110173,13018],{"class":67},[49,110175,95],{"class":63},[49,110177,9215],{"class":85},[49,110179,110180],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,110181,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,110183,110184,110186,110188,110190,110192,110194,110196],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,110185,1211],{"class":1210},[49,110187,64],{"class":63},[49,110189,17365],{"class":67},[49,110191,95],{"class":63},[49,110193,21083],{"class":59},[49,110195,13032],{"class":55},[49,110197,1226],{"class":85},[49,110199,110200,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,110201,110202],{"class":55},"    colors",[49,110204,32],{"class":85},[49,110206,34701],{"class":88},[49,110208,92],{"class":85},[49,110210,95],{"class":63},[49,110212,17365],{"class":67},[49,110214,95],{"class":63},[49,110216,103],{"class":85},[20,110218,110219,110220,110224],{},"Or use ",[820,110221,110222],{"href":108333},[15,110223,102730],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[353,110226,1339,110228,1342,110230],{"id":110227},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110229,102744],{},[15,110231,54972],{},[20,110233,110234],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110236,110237,110238,110240],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110239,102744],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110242,110243,110244,32],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[820,110245,98955],{"href":98954},[353,110247,110249],{"id":110248},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110251,108239],{},[20,110253,110254],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[181,110256,1704],{"id":1703},[353,110258,1720,110260,97170],{"id":110259},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110261,102744],{},[20,110263,110264,110265,32],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110266,3684],{},[353,110268,30193,110270,110272],{"id":110269},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110271,102744],{}," raise?",[20,110274,30199,110275,110277],{},[15,110276,19598],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[353,110279,21330,110281,634,110283,2394],{"id":110280},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110282,55426],{},[15,110284,102730],{},[20,110286,35,110287,110289,110290,110292],{},[15,110288,55426],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110291,102730],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[353,110294,5077,110296,110298],{"id":110295},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110297,102744],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110300,110301],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[181,110303,1775],{"id":1774},[194,110305,110306,110312,110318,110322,110326],{},[197,110307,110308],{},[820,110309,96691,110310,1785],{"href":108333},[15,110311,102730],{},[197,110313,110314],{},[820,110315,96691,110316,1785],{"href":98091},[15,110317,12670],{},[197,110319,110320],{},[820,110321,97215],{"href":97760},[197,110323,110324],{},[820,110325,100220],{"href":98954},[197,110327,110328],{},[820,110329,11169],{"href":10981},[1834,110331,110332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":110334},[110335,110336,110338,110339,110340,110341,110346,110354,110364],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":109336,"depth":74,"text":110337},"What set.remove() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":109587,"depth":74,"text":109588},{"id":109692,"depth":74,"text":110342,"children":110343},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110344,110345],{"id":34701,"depth":106,"text":55426},{"id":102797,"depth":106,"text":102730},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":110347},[110348,110350,110351,110353],{"id":109929,"depth":106,"text":110349},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110090,"depth":106,"text":110091},{"id":110227,"depth":106,"text":110352},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110248,"depth":106,"text":110249},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":110355},[110356,110358,110360,110362],{"id":110259,"depth":106,"text":110357},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110269,"depth":106,"text":110359},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110280,"depth":106,"text":110361},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110295,"depth":106,"text":110363},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109210,"description":110365},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110372,"title":110373,"body":110374,"description":111747,"extension":1866,"meta":111748,"navigation":128,"path":111749,"seo":111750,"stem":111751,"__hash__":111752},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110375,"toc":111722},[110376,110382,110388,110391,110394,110408,110410,110491,110494,110499,110503,110517,110524,110526,110545,110548,110566,110568,110648,110650,110675,110679,110682,110690,110695,110700,110702,110715,110720,110723,110747,110750,110758,110760,110763,110860,110862,110895,110897,110923,110930,110933,110937,110945,110949,110957,110959,111049,111051,111065,111072,111077,111082,111084,111175,111177,111189,111191,111205,111211,111219,111221,111303,111305,111350,111353,111361,111364,111366,111370,111413,111415,111435,111440,111442,111527,111529,111534,111536,111543,111551,111557,111560,111562,111648,111650,111674,111678,111681,111683,111710,111720],[10,110377,96077,110379,18],{"id":110378},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110380,110381],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110383,110384,110387],{},[15,110385,110386],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110389,110390],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110392,110393],{},"Use it when:",[194,110395,110396,110399,110405],{},[197,110397,110398],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[197,110400,110401,110402,110404],{},"you do ",[666,110403,4536],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[197,110406,110407],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[181,110409,3515],{"id":3514},[40,110411,110413],{"className":42,"code":110412,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110414,110415,110435,110455,110459,110478],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110416,110417,110419,110421,110423,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110418,2457],{"class":55},[49,110420,60],{"class":59},[49,110422,10398],{"class":85},[49,110424,1223],{"class":458},[49,110426,341],{"class":85},[49,110428,2896],{"class":458},[49,110430,341],{"class":85},[49,110432,2354],{"class":458},[49,110434,9215],{"class":85},[49,110436,110437,110439,110441,110443,110445,110447,110449,110451,110453],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,110438,2485],{"class":55},[49,110440,60],{"class":59},[49,110442,10398],{"class":85},[49,110444,1965],{"class":458},[49,110446,341],{"class":85},[49,110448,808],{"class":458},[49,110450,341],{"class":85},[49,110452,459],{"class":458},[49,110454,9215],{"class":85},[49,110456,110457],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,110458,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,110460,110461,110463,110465,110467,110469,110472,110474,110476],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,110462,2131],{"class":55},[49,110464,60],{"class":59},[49,110466,56785],{"class":55},[49,110468,32],{"class":85},[49,110470,110471],{"class":88},"symmetric_difference",[49,110473,92],{"class":85},[49,110475,4667],{"class":88},[49,110477,103],{"class":85},[49,110479,110480,110482,110484,110486,110488],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,110481,110],{"class":109},[49,110483,92],{"class":85},[49,110485,2166],{"class":88},[49,110487,118],{"class":85},[49,110489,110490],{"class":121},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110492,110493],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[181,110495,184,110497,187],{"id":110496},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110498,110381],{},[20,110500,110501,1197],{},[15,110502,110386],{},[194,110504,110505,110508,110511,110514],{},[197,110506,110507],{},"returns a new set",[197,110509,110510],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[197,110512,110513],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[197,110515,110516],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110518,96201,110519,634,110521,32],{},[820,110520,96205],{"href":96204},[820,110522,110523],{"href":96208},"creating a set in Python",[181,110525,316],{"id":315},[40,110527,110529],{"className":42,"code":110528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110530,110531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110532,110533,110535,110537,110539,110541,110543],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110534,100461],{"class":55},[49,110536,32],{"class":85},[49,110538,110471],{"class":88},[49,110540,92],{"class":85},[49,110542,100470],{"class":88},[49,110544,103],{"class":85},[20,110546,110547],{},"Notes:",[194,110549,110550,110555,110560,110563],{},[197,110551,110552,110554],{},[15,110553,100461],{}," must be a set",[197,110556,110557,110559],{},[15,110558,100470],{}," can be any iterable",[197,110561,110562],{},"the result is always a set",[197,110564,110565],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110567,214],{},[40,110569,110571],{"className":42,"code":110570,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110572,110573,110594,110615,110619,110638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110574,110575,110578,110580,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110576,110577],{"class":55},"set1 ",[49,110579,60],{"class":59},[49,110581,10398],{"class":85},[49,110583,1223],{"class":458},[49,110585,341],{"class":85},[49,110587,2896],{"class":458},[49,110589,341],{"class":85},[49,110591,2354],{"class":458},[49,110593,9215],{"class":85},[49,110595,110596,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,110597,110598],{"class":55},"set2 ",[49,110600,60],{"class":59},[49,110602,10398],{"class":85},[49,110604,1965],{"class":458},[49,110606,341],{"class":85},[49,110608,808],{"class":458},[49,110610,341],{"class":85},[49,110612,459],{"class":458},[49,110614,9215],{"class":85},[49,110616,110617],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,110618,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,110620,110621,110623,110625,110628,110630,110632,110634,110636],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,110622,2131],{"class":55},[49,110624,60],{"class":59},[49,110626,110627],{"class":55}," set1",[49,110629,32],{"class":85},[49,110631,110471],{"class":88},[49,110633,92],{"class":85},[49,110635,100470],{"class":88},[49,110637,103],{"class":85},[49,110639,110640,110642,110644,110646],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,110641,110],{"class":109},[49,110643,92],{"class":85},[49,110645,2166],{"class":88},[49,110647,103],{"class":85},[20,110649,1974],{},[40,110651,110653],{"className":42,"code":110652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110654,110655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110656,110657,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110658,9184],{"class":85},[49,110660,1223],{"class":458},[49,110662,341],{"class":85},[49,110664,2896],{"class":458},[49,110666,341],{"class":85},[49,110668,808],{"class":458},[49,110670,341],{"class":85},[49,110672,459],{"class":458},[49,110674,9215],{"class":85},[181,110676,110678],{"id":110677},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110680,110681],{},"The result includes:",[194,110683,110684,110687],{},[197,110685,110686],{},"items only in the first set",[197,110688,110689],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110691,110692,110693,10990],{},"The result does ",[666,110694,4536],{},[194,110696,110697],{},[197,110698,110699],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110701,5379],{},[194,110703,110704,110709],{},[197,110705,110706,110707],{},"first set: ",[15,110708,100158],{},[197,110710,110711,110712],{},"second set: ",[15,110713,110714],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110716,3955,110717,110719],{},[15,110718,1965],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110721,110722],{},"The output is:",[40,110724,110725],{"className":42,"code":110652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,110726,110727],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110728,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739,110741,110743,110745],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110730,9184],{"class":85},[49,110732,1223],{"class":458},[49,110734,341],{"class":85},[49,110736,2896],{"class":458},[49,110738,341],{"class":85},[49,110740,808],{"class":458},[49,110742,341],{"class":85},[49,110744,459],{"class":458},[49,110746,9215],{"class":85},[20,110748,110749],{},"Also remember:",[194,110751,110752,110755],{},[197,110753,110754],{},"sets are unordered",[197,110756,110757],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[181,110759,11381],{"id":11380},[20,110761,110762],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[40,110764,110766],{"className":42,"code":110765,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110767,110768,110800,110824,110828,110846,110850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110769,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788,110790,110792,110794,110796,110798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110771,106901],{"class":55},[49,110773,60],{"class":59},[49,110775,10398],{"class":85},[49,110777,95],{"class":63},[49,110779,13001],{"class":67},[49,110781,95],{"class":63},[49,110783,341],{"class":85},[49,110785,64],{"class":63},[49,110787,13018],{"class":67},[49,110789,95],{"class":63},[49,110791,341],{"class":85},[49,110793,64],{"class":63},[49,110795,17365],{"class":67},[49,110797,95],{"class":63},[49,110799,9215],{"class":85},[49,110801,110802,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820,110822],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,110803,106934],{"class":55},[49,110805,60],{"class":59},[49,110807,10398],{"class":85},[49,110809,95],{"class":63},[49,110811,17365],{"class":67},[49,110813,95],{"class":63},[49,110815,341],{"class":85},[49,110817,64],{"class":63},[49,110819,22433],{"class":67},[49,110821,95],{"class":63},[49,110823,9215],{"class":85},[49,110825,110826],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,110827,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,110829,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842,110844],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,110831,2131],{"class":55},[49,110833,60],{"class":59},[49,110835,106976],{"class":55},[49,110837,32],{"class":85},[49,110839,110471],{"class":88},[49,110841,92],{"class":85},[49,110843,106985],{"class":88},[49,110845,103],{"class":85},[49,110847,110848],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,110849,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,110851,110852,110854,110856,110858],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,110853,110],{"class":109},[49,110855,92],{"class":85},[49,110857,2166],{"class":88},[49,110859,103],{"class":85},[20,110861,1974],{},[40,110863,110865],{"className":42,"code":110864,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110866,110867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110868,110869,110871,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889,110891,110893],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110870,9184],{"class":85},[49,110872,1573],{"class":63},[49,110874,13001],{"class":67},[49,110876,1573],{"class":63},[49,110878,341],{"class":85},[49,110880,3202],{"class":63},[49,110882,13018],{"class":67},[49,110884,1573],{"class":63},[49,110886,341],{"class":85},[49,110888,3202],{"class":63},[49,110890,22433],{"class":67},[49,110892,1573],{"class":63},[49,110894,9215],{"class":85},[20,110896,13318],{},[194,110898,110899,110904,110915],{},[197,110900,110901,110903],{},[15,110902,96370],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[197,110905,110906,380,110908,110911,110912,110914],{},[15,110907,65278],{},[15,110909,110910],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110913,107038],{},", so they stay",[197,110916,110917,110919,110920,110922],{},[15,110918,109677],{}," is only in ",[15,110921,106985],{},", so it stays",[181,110924,110926,983,110928],{"id":110925},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110927,110381],{},[15,110929,100290],{},[20,110931,110932],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110934,110935,1197],{},[15,110936,100290],{},[194,110938,110939,110942],{},[197,110940,110941],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[197,110943,110944],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110946,110947,1197],{},[15,110948,110381],{},[194,110950,110951,110954],{},[197,110952,110953],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[197,110955,110956],{},"removes shared items",[20,110958,214],{},[40,110960,110962],{"className":42,"code":110961,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110963,110964,110984,111004,111008,111029],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,110965,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,110967,2457],{"class":55},[49,110969,60],{"class":59},[49,110971,10398],{"class":85},[49,110973,1223],{"class":458},[49,110975,341],{"class":85},[49,110977,2896],{"class":458},[49,110979,341],{"class":85},[49,110981,2354],{"class":458},[49,110983,9215],{"class":85},[49,110985,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,110987,2485],{"class":55},[49,110989,60],{"class":59},[49,110991,10398],{"class":85},[49,110993,1965],{"class":458},[49,110995,341],{"class":85},[49,110997,808],{"class":458},[49,110999,341],{"class":85},[49,111001,459],{"class":458},[49,111003,9215],{"class":85},[49,111005,111006],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,111007,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,111009,111010,111012,111014,111016,111018,111020,111022,111024,111026],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,111011,110],{"class":109},[49,111013,92],{"class":85},[49,111015,820],{"class":88},[49,111017,32],{"class":85},[49,111019,2715],{"class":88},[49,111021,92],{"class":85},[49,111023,4667],{"class":88},[49,111025,261],{"class":85},[49,111027,111028],{"class":121},"            # {1, 2}\n",[49,111030,111031,111033,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043,111045,111047],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,111032,110],{"class":109},[49,111034,92],{"class":85},[49,111036,820],{"class":88},[49,111038,32],{"class":85},[49,111040,110471],{"class":88},[49,111042,92],{"class":85},[49,111044,4667],{"class":88},[49,111046,261],{"class":85},[49,111048,110490],{"class":121},[20,111050,18605],{},[194,111052,111053,111060],{},[197,111054,111055,111059],{},[820,111056,111057],{"href":102716},[15,111058,100290],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[197,111061,111062,111064],{},[15,111063,110381],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[181,111066,111068,983,111070],{"id":111067},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111069,110381],{},[15,111071,102675],{},[20,111073,111074,111076],{},[15,111075,102675],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111078,111079,111081],{},[15,111080,110381],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111083,214],{},[40,111085,111087],{"className":42,"code":111086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111088,111089,111109,111129,111133,111155],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111090,111091,111093,111095,111097,111099,111101,111103,111105,111107],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111092,2457],{"class":55},[49,111094,60],{"class":59},[49,111096,10398],{"class":85},[49,111098,1223],{"class":458},[49,111100,341],{"class":85},[49,111102,2896],{"class":458},[49,111104,341],{"class":85},[49,111106,2354],{"class":458},[49,111108,9215],{"class":85},[49,111110,111111,111113,111115,111117,111119,111121,111123,111125,111127],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,111112,2485],{"class":55},[49,111114,60],{"class":59},[49,111116,10398],{"class":85},[49,111118,1965],{"class":458},[49,111120,341],{"class":85},[49,111122,808],{"class":458},[49,111124,341],{"class":85},[49,111126,459],{"class":458},[49,111128,9215],{"class":85},[49,111130,111131],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,111132,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,111134,111135,111137,111139,111141,111143,111146,111148,111150,111152],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,111136,110],{"class":109},[49,111138,92],{"class":85},[49,111140,820],{"class":88},[49,111142,32],{"class":85},[49,111144,111145],{"class":88},"union",[49,111147,92],{"class":85},[49,111149,4667],{"class":88},[49,111151,261],{"class":85},[49,111153,111154],{"class":121},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[49,111156,111157,111159,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,111158,110],{"class":109},[49,111160,92],{"class":85},[49,111162,820],{"class":88},[49,111164,32],{"class":85},[49,111166,110471],{"class":88},[49,111168,92],{"class":85},[49,111170,4667],{"class":88},[49,111172,261],{"class":85},[49,111174,110490],{"class":121},[20,111176,27128],{},[194,111178,111179,111184],{},[197,111180,111181,111183],{},[15,111182,102675],{}," includes everything",[197,111185,111186,111188],{},[15,111187,110381],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111190,18605],{},[194,111192,111193,111200],{},[197,111194,111195,111199],{},[820,111196,111197],{"href":107606},[15,111198,102675],{}," when overlap does not matter",[197,111201,111202,111204],{},[15,111203,110381],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[181,111206,36517,111208,101474],{"id":111207},"using-the-operator",[15,111209,111210],{},"^",[20,111212,111213,111214,111216,111217,32],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111215,111210],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111218,110381],{},[20,111220,214],{},[40,111222,111224],{"className":42,"code":111223,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111225,111226,111246,111266,111270,111288],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111227,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240,111242,111244],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111229,110577],{"class":55},[49,111231,60],{"class":59},[49,111233,10398],{"class":85},[49,111235,1223],{"class":458},[49,111237,341],{"class":85},[49,111239,2896],{"class":458},[49,111241,341],{"class":85},[49,111243,2354],{"class":458},[49,111245,9215],{"class":85},[49,111247,111248,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260,111262,111264],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,111249,110598],{"class":55},[49,111251,60],{"class":59},[49,111253,10398],{"class":85},[49,111255,1965],{"class":458},[49,111257,341],{"class":85},[49,111259,808],{"class":458},[49,111261,341],{"class":85},[49,111263,459],{"class":458},[49,111265,9215],{"class":85},[49,111267,111268],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,111269,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,111271,111272,111274,111276,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,111273,110],{"class":109},[49,111275,92],{"class":85},[49,111277,100461],{"class":88},[49,111279,32],{"class":85},[49,111281,110471],{"class":88},[49,111283,92],{"class":85},[49,111285,100470],{"class":88},[49,111287,1581],{"class":85},[49,111289,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111301],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,111291,110],{"class":109},[49,111293,92],{"class":85},[49,111295,110577],{"class":88},[49,111297,111210],{"class":59},[49,111299,111300],{"class":88}," set2",[49,111302,103],{"class":85},[20,111304,29935],{},[40,111306,111308],{"className":42,"code":111307,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111309,111310,111330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111311,111312,111314,111316,111318,111320,111322,111324,111326,111328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111313,9184],{"class":85},[49,111315,1223],{"class":458},[49,111317,341],{"class":85},[49,111319,2896],{"class":458},[49,111321,341],{"class":85},[49,111323,808],{"class":458},[49,111325,341],{"class":85},[49,111327,459],{"class":458},[49,111329,9215],{"class":85},[49,111331,111332,111334,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,111333,9184],{"class":85},[49,111335,1223],{"class":458},[49,111337,341],{"class":85},[49,111339,2896],{"class":458},[49,111341,341],{"class":85},[49,111343,808],{"class":458},[49,111345,341],{"class":85},[49,111347,459],{"class":458},[49,111349,9215],{"class":85},[20,111351,111352],{},"Both forms:",[194,111354,111355,111358],{},[197,111356,111357],{},"return a new set",[197,111359,111360],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111362,111363],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[181,111365,4425],{"id":4424},[20,111367,21121,111368,1197],{},[15,111369,110381],{},[194,111371,111372,111380,111390,111405],{},[197,111373,111374,111377,111379],{},[666,111375,111376],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9753,111378],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[197,111381,111382,111385,111387,111389],{},[666,111383,111384],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9753,111386],{},[15,111388,110381],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[197,111391,111392,111397,111399,111401,111402,111404],{},[666,111393,111394,111395],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111396,100290],{},[9753,111398],{},[15,111400,100290],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111403,110381],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[197,111406,111407,111410,111412],{},[666,111408,111409],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9753,111411],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111414,58758],{},[194,111416,111417,111426,111429,111432],{},[197,111418,50392,111419,44529,111421,111425],{},[15,111420,110381],{},[820,111422,111423],{"href":107606},[15,111424,102675],{}," is actually needed",[197,111427,111428],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[197,111430,111431],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[197,111433,111434],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111436,111437,111438,32],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[820,111439,98955],{"href":105219},[20,111441,62185],{},[40,111443,111445],{"className":42,"code":111444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111446,111447,111457,111467,111485,111499,111513],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111448,111449,111451,111453,111455],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111450,110],{"class":109},[49,111452,92],{"class":85},[49,111454,100461],{"class":88},[49,111456,103],{"class":85},[49,111458,111459,111461,111463,111465],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,111460,110],{"class":109},[49,111462,92],{"class":85},[49,111464,100470],{"class":88},[49,111466,103],{"class":85},[49,111468,111469,111471,111473,111475,111477,111479,111481,111483],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,111470,110],{"class":109},[49,111472,92],{"class":85},[49,111474,100461],{"class":88},[49,111476,32],{"class":85},[49,111478,110471],{"class":88},[49,111480,92],{"class":85},[49,111482,100470],{"class":88},[49,111484,1581],{"class":85},[49,111486,111487,111489,111491,111493,111495,111497],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,111488,110],{"class":109},[49,111490,92],{"class":85},[49,111492,110577],{"class":88},[49,111494,111210],{"class":59},[49,111496,111300],{"class":88},[49,111498,103],{"class":85},[49,111500,111501,111503,111505,111507,111509,111511],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,111502,110],{"class":109},[49,111504,92],{"class":85},[49,111506,3127],{"class":2804},[49,111508,92],{"class":85},[49,111510,100461],{"class":88},[49,111512,1581],{"class":85},[49,111514,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,111516,110],{"class":109},[49,111518,92],{"class":85},[49,111520,3127],{"class":2804},[49,111522,92],{"class":85},[49,111524,100470],{"class":88},[49,111526,1581],{"class":85},[181,111528,1704],{"id":1703},[353,111530,1720,111532,102615],{"id":111531},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111533,110381],{},[20,111535,102618],{},[353,111537,1740,111539,380,111541,2394],{"id":111538},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111540,110381],{},[15,111542,100290],{},[20,111544,111545,111547,111548,111550],{},[15,111546,100290],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111549,110381],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[353,111552,1760,111554,111556],{"id":111553},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111555,110381],{}," with lists?",[20,111558,111559],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111561,214],{},[40,111563,111565],{"className":42,"code":111564,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111566,111567,111587,111607,111611,111638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111568,111569,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111570,80534],{"class":55},[49,111572,60],{"class":59},[49,111574,3530],{"class":85},[49,111576,1223],{"class":458},[49,111578,341],{"class":85},[49,111580,2896],{"class":458},[49,111582,341],{"class":85},[49,111584,2354],{"class":458},[49,111586,1244],{"class":85},[49,111588,111589,111591,111593,111595,111597,111599,111601,111603,111605],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,111590,80555],{"class":55},[49,111592,60],{"class":59},[49,111594,3530],{"class":85},[49,111596,1965],{"class":458},[49,111598,341],{"class":85},[49,111600,808],{"class":458},[49,111602,341],{"class":85},[49,111604,459],{"class":458},[49,111606,1244],{"class":85},[49,111608,111609],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,111610,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,111612,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621,111624,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634,111636],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,111614,2131],{"class":55},[49,111616,60],{"class":59},[49,111618,15544],{"class":2804},[49,111620,92],{"class":85},[49,111622,111623],{"class":88},"list1",[49,111625,8538],{"class":85},[49,111627,110471],{"class":88},[49,111629,92],{"class":85},[49,111631,6194],{"class":2804},[49,111633,92],{"class":85},[49,111635,80821],{"class":88},[49,111637,1581],{"class":85},[49,111639,111640,111642,111644,111646],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,111641,110],{"class":109},[49,111643,92],{"class":85},[49,111645,2166],{"class":88},[49,111647,103],{"class":85},[20,111649,1974],{},[40,111651,111652],{"className":42,"code":110652,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,111653,111654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111655,111656,111658,111660,111662,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111657,9184],{"class":85},[49,111659,1223],{"class":458},[49,111661,341],{"class":85},[49,111663,2896],{"class":458},[49,111665,341],{"class":85},[49,111667,808],{"class":458},[49,111669,341],{"class":85},[49,111671,459],{"class":458},[49,111673,9215],{"class":85},[353,111675,111677],{"id":111676},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111679,111680],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[181,111682,1775],{"id":1774},[194,111684,111685,111689,111694,111700,111706],{},[197,111686,111687],{},[820,111688,96205],{"href":96204},[197,111690,111691],{},[820,111692,111693],{"href":96208},"Creating a set in Python",[197,111695,111696],{},[820,111697,96691,111698,1785],{"href":102716},[15,111699,100290],{},[197,111701,111702],{},[820,111703,96691,111704,1785],{"href":107606},[15,111705,102675],{},[197,111707,111708],{},[820,111709,100220],{"href":105219},[20,111711,111712,111713,2091,111715,1455,111717,111719],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111714,100290],{},[15,111716,102675],{},[15,111718,110381],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1834,111721,57139],{},{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":111723},[111724,111725,111727,111728,111729,111730,111732,111734,111736,111737,111746],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":110496,"depth":74,"text":111726},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":110677,"depth":74,"text":110678},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":110925,"depth":74,"text":111731},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111067,"depth":74,"text":111733},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111207,"depth":74,"text":111735},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":111738},[111739,111741,111743,111745],{"id":111531,"depth":106,"text":111740},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111538,"depth":106,"text":111742},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111553,"depth":106,"text":111744},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111676,"depth":106,"text":111677},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110373,"description":111747},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111754,"title":111755,"body":111756,"description":113819,"extension":1866,"meta":113820,"navigation":128,"path":107606,"seo":113821,"stem":113822,"__hash__":113823},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111757,"toc":113778},[111758,111763,111768,111771,111784,111786,111868,111873,111878,111882,111894,111897,111901,111903,111930,111932,111943,111946,112015,112017,112023,112026,112036,112038,112127,112132,112134,112141,112144,112146,112149,112269,112271,112340,112343,112360,112365,112368,112484,112486,112515,112518,112524,112529,112533,112614,112616,112644,112649,112653,112748,112750,112791,112795,112798,112865,112867,112908,112914,112929,112936,112943,112947,112953,113039,113043,113051,113122,113127,113134,113136,113142,113144,113209,113211,113227,113232,113235,113304,113308,113311,113370,113373,113377,113430,113443,113446,113499,113503,113505,113536,113539,113544,113597,113601,113604,113625,113637,113639,113692,113694,113699,113701,113707,113710,113716,113721,113725,113728,113736,113745,113747,113775],[10,111759,3482,111761,18],{"id":111760},"python-setunion-method",[15,111762,107919],{},[20,111764,111765,111767],{},[15,111766,107919],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111769,111770],{},"It is useful when you want:",[194,111772,111773,111776,111781],{},[197,111774,111775],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[197,111777,2457,111778,111780],{},[666,111779,100645],{}," as the result",[197,111782,111783],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[181,111785,1907],{"id":1906},[40,111787,111789],{"className":42,"code":111788,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111790,111791,111811,111831,111835,111853,111863],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111792,111793,111795,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111794,110577],{"class":55},[49,111796,60],{"class":59},[49,111798,10398],{"class":85},[49,111800,1223],{"class":458},[49,111802,341],{"class":85},[49,111804,2896],{"class":458},[49,111806,341],{"class":85},[49,111808,2354],{"class":458},[49,111810,9215],{"class":85},[49,111812,111813,111815,111817,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,111814,110598],{"class":55},[49,111816,60],{"class":59},[49,111818,10398],{"class":85},[49,111820,1965],{"class":458},[49,111822,341],{"class":85},[49,111824,808],{"class":458},[49,111826,341],{"class":85},[49,111828,459],{"class":458},[49,111830,9215],{"class":85},[49,111832,111833],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,111834,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,111836,111837,111839,111841,111843,111845,111847,111849,111851],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,111838,2131],{"class":55},[49,111840,60],{"class":59},[49,111842,110627],{"class":55},[49,111844,32],{"class":85},[49,111846,111145],{"class":88},[49,111848,92],{"class":85},[49,111850,100470],{"class":88},[49,111852,103],{"class":85},[49,111854,111855,111857,111859,111861],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,111856,110],{"class":109},[49,111858,92],{"class":85},[49,111860,2166],{"class":88},[49,111862,103],{"class":85},[49,111864,111865],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,111866,111867],{"class":121},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111869,111870,111872],{},[15,111871,102675],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[181,111874,184,111876,187],{"id":111875},"what-setunion-does",[15,111877,107919],{},[20,111879,111880,1197],{},[15,111881,107919],{},[194,111883,111884,111887,111890,111892],{},[197,111885,111886],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[197,111888,111889],{},"keeps only unique values",[197,111891,110507],{},[197,111893,110516],{},[20,111895,111896],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111898,96201,111899,32],{},[820,111900,96205],{"href":97376},[181,111902,316],{"id":315},[40,111904,111906],{"className":42,"code":111905,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111907,111908],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111909,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111911,100461],{"class":55},[49,111913,32],{"class":85},[49,111915,111145],{"class":88},[49,111917,92],{"class":85},[49,111919,100470],{"class":88},[49,111921,341],{"class":85},[49,111923,100497],{"class":88},[49,111925,341],{"class":85},[49,111927,34362],{"class":109},[49,111929,103],{"class":85},[20,111931,12960],{},[194,111933,111934,111937,111940],{},[197,111935,111936],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[197,111938,111939],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[197,111941,111942],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111944,111945],{},"Example with two sets:",[40,111947,111949],{"className":42,"code":111948,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111950,111951,111967,111983,111987,112005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,111952,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,111954,2457],{"class":55},[49,111956,60],{"class":59},[49,111958,10398],{"class":85},[49,111960,1223],{"class":458},[49,111962,341],{"class":85},[49,111964,2896],{"class":458},[49,111966,9215],{"class":85},[49,111968,111969,111971,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,111970,2485],{"class":55},[49,111972,60],{"class":59},[49,111974,10398],{"class":85},[49,111976,312],{"class":458},[49,111978,341],{"class":85},[49,111980,2354],{"class":458},[49,111982,9215],{"class":85},[49,111984,111985],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,111986,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,111988,111989,111991,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,111990,2131],{"class":55},[49,111992,60],{"class":59},[49,111994,56785],{"class":55},[49,111996,32],{"class":85},[49,111998,111145],{"class":88},[49,112000,92],{"class":85},[49,112002,4667],{"class":88},[49,112004,103],{"class":85},[49,112006,112007,112009,112011,112013],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,112008,110],{"class":109},[49,112010,92],{"class":85},[49,112012,2166],{"class":88},[49,112014,103],{"class":85},[181,112016,21880],{"id":21879},[20,112018,112019,100642,112021,32],{},[15,112020,107919],{},[666,112022,100645],{},[20,112024,112025],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[194,112027,112028,112031],{},[197,112029,112030],{},"the original set",[197,112032,112033,112034],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112035,102675],{},[20,112037,214],{},[40,112039,112041],{"className":42,"code":112040,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112042,112043,112059,112075,112079,112097,112101,112114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112044,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112046,2457],{"class":55},[49,112048,60],{"class":59},[49,112050,10398],{"class":85},[49,112052,1223],{"class":458},[49,112054,341],{"class":85},[49,112056,2896],{"class":458},[49,112058,9215],{"class":85},[49,112060,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,112062,2485],{"class":55},[49,112064,60],{"class":59},[49,112066,10398],{"class":85},[49,112068,312],{"class":458},[49,112070,341],{"class":85},[49,112072,2354],{"class":458},[49,112074,9215],{"class":85},[49,112076,112077],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,112078,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112080,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091,112093,112095],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,112082,2131],{"class":55},[49,112084,60],{"class":59},[49,112086,56785],{"class":55},[49,112088,32],{"class":85},[49,112090,111145],{"class":88},[49,112092,92],{"class":85},[49,112094,4667],{"class":88},[49,112096,103],{"class":85},[49,112098,112099],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,112100,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112102,112103,112105,112107,112109,112111],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,112104,110],{"class":109},[49,112106,92],{"class":85},[49,112108,2166],{"class":88},[49,112110,118],{"class":85},[49,112112,112113],{"class":121},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[49,112115,112116,112118,112120,112122,112124],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,112117,110],{"class":109},[49,112119,92],{"class":85},[49,112121,820],{"class":88},[49,112123,118],{"class":85},[49,112125,112126],{"class":121},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112128,2188,112129,112131],{},[15,112130,820],{}," did not change.",[20,112133,110749],{},[194,112135,112136,112138],{},[197,112137,110754],{},[197,112139,112140],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112142,112143],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[181,112145,11381],{"id":11380},[20,112147,112148],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[40,112150,112152],{"className":42,"code":112151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112153,112154,112187,112220,112224,112244,112248,112258],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112155,112156,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112183,112185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112157,112158],{"class":55},"fruits1 ",[49,112160,60],{"class":59},[49,112162,10398],{"class":85},[49,112164,95],{"class":63},[49,112166,3985],{"class":67},[49,112168,95],{"class":63},[49,112170,341],{"class":85},[49,112172,64],{"class":63},[49,112174,230],{"class":67},[49,112176,95],{"class":63},[49,112178,341],{"class":85},[49,112180,64],{"class":63},[49,112182,33128],{"class":67},[49,112184,95],{"class":63},[49,112186,9215],{"class":85},[49,112188,112189,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,112190,112191],{"class":55},"fruits2 ",[49,112193,60],{"class":59},[49,112195,10398],{"class":85},[49,112197,95],{"class":63},[49,112199,230],{"class":67},[49,112201,95],{"class":63},[49,112203,341],{"class":85},[49,112205,64],{"class":63},[49,112207,22442],{"class":67},[49,112209,95],{"class":63},[49,112211,341],{"class":85},[49,112213,64],{"class":63},[49,112215,33128],{"class":67},[49,112217,95],{"class":63},[49,112219,9215],{"class":85},[49,112221,112222],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,112223,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112225,112226,112228,112230,112233,112235,112237,112239,112242],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,112227,2131],{"class":55},[49,112229,60],{"class":59},[49,112231,112232],{"class":55}," fruits1",[49,112234,32],{"class":85},[49,112236,111145],{"class":88},[49,112238,92],{"class":85},[49,112240,112241],{"class":88},"fruits2",[49,112243,103],{"class":85},[49,112245,112246],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,112247,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112249,112250,112252,112254,112256],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,112251,110],{"class":109},[49,112253,92],{"class":85},[49,112255,2166],{"class":88},[49,112257,103],{"class":85},[49,112259,112260,112262,112264,112267],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,112261,110],{"class":109},[49,112263,92],{"class":85},[49,112265,112266],{"class":88},"fruits1",[49,112268,103],{"class":85},[20,112270,29935],{},[40,112272,112274],{"className":42,"code":112273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112275,112276,112312],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112277,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306,112308,112310],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112279,9184],{"class":85},[49,112281,1573],{"class":63},[49,112283,230],{"class":67},[49,112285,1573],{"class":63},[49,112287,341],{"class":85},[49,112289,3202],{"class":63},[49,112291,33128],{"class":67},[49,112293,1573],{"class":63},[49,112295,341],{"class":85},[49,112297,3202],{"class":63},[49,112299,3985],{"class":67},[49,112301,1573],{"class":63},[49,112303,341],{"class":85},[49,112305,3202],{"class":63},[49,112307,22442],{"class":67},[49,112309,1573],{"class":63},[49,112311,9215],{"class":85},[49,112313,112314,112316,112318,112320,112322,112324,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,112315,9184],{"class":85},[49,112317,1573],{"class":63},[49,112319,230],{"class":67},[49,112321,1573],{"class":63},[49,112323,341],{"class":85},[49,112325,3202],{"class":63},[49,112327,33128],{"class":67},[49,112329,1573],{"class":63},[49,112331,341],{"class":85},[49,112333,3202],{"class":63},[49,112335,3985],{"class":67},[49,112337,1573],{"class":63},[49,112339,9215],{"class":85},[20,112341,112342],{},"What this shows:",[194,112344,112345,112352,112355],{},[197,112346,112347,380,112349,112351],{},[15,112348,65160],{},[15,112350,65586],{}," appear in both sets",[197,112353,112354],{},"they appear only once in the result",[197,112356,112357,112359],{},[15,112358,112266],{}," stays unchanged",[181,112361,644,112363,101034],{"id":112362},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112364,102675],{},[20,112366,112367],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[40,112369,112371],{"className":42,"code":112370,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112372,112373,112389,112405,112422,112439,112443,112470,112474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112374,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385,112387],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112376,110577],{"class":55},[49,112378,60],{"class":59},[49,112380,10398],{"class":85},[49,112382,1223],{"class":458},[49,112384,341],{"class":85},[49,112386,2896],{"class":458},[49,112388,9215],{"class":85},[49,112390,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,112392,110598],{"class":55},[49,112394,60],{"class":59},[49,112396,10398],{"class":85},[49,112398,312],{"class":458},[49,112400,341],{"class":85},[49,112402,2354],{"class":458},[49,112404,9215],{"class":85},[49,112406,112407,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,112408,112409],{"class":55},"set3 ",[49,112411,60],{"class":59},[49,112413,10398],{"class":85},[49,112415,1965],{"class":458},[49,112417,341],{"class":85},[49,112419,808],{"class":458},[49,112421,9215],{"class":85},[49,112423,112424,112427,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,112425,112426],{"class":55},"set4 ",[49,112428,60],{"class":59},[49,112430,10398],{"class":85},[49,112432,2407],{"class":458},[49,112434,341],{"class":85},[49,112436,459],{"class":458},[49,112438,9215],{"class":85},[49,112440,112441],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,112442,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112444,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463,112465,112468],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,112446,2131],{"class":55},[49,112448,60],{"class":59},[49,112450,110627],{"class":55},[49,112452,32],{"class":85},[49,112454,111145],{"class":88},[49,112456,92],{"class":85},[49,112458,100470],{"class":88},[49,112460,341],{"class":85},[49,112462,100497],{"class":88},[49,112464,341],{"class":85},[49,112466,112467],{"class":88}," set4",[49,112469,103],{"class":85},[49,112471,112472],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,112473,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112475,112476,112478,112480,112482],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,112477,110],{"class":109},[49,112479,92],{"class":85},[49,112481,2166],{"class":88},[49,112483,103],{"class":85},[20,112485,29935],{},[40,112487,112489],{"className":42,"code":112488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112490,112491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112492,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112494,9184],{"class":85},[49,112496,1223],{"class":458},[49,112498,341],{"class":85},[49,112500,2896],{"class":458},[49,112502,341],{"class":85},[49,112504,2354],{"class":458},[49,112506,341],{"class":85},[49,112508,808],{"class":458},[49,112510,341],{"class":85},[49,112512,459],{"class":458},[49,112514,9215],{"class":85},[20,112516,112517],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[181,112519,644,112521,112523],{"id":112520},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112522,102675],{}," with other iterables",[20,112525,112526,112528],{},[15,112527,102675],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[353,112530,112532],{"id":112531},"with-a-list","With a list",[40,112534,112536],{"className":42,"code":112535,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112537,112538,112558,112582,112586,112604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112539,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550,112552,112554,112556],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112541,3525],{"class":55},[49,112543,60],{"class":59},[49,112545,10398],{"class":85},[49,112547,1223],{"class":458},[49,112549,341],{"class":85},[49,112551,2896],{"class":458},[49,112553,341],{"class":85},[49,112555,2354],{"class":458},[49,112557,9215],{"class":85},[49,112559,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,112561,60938],{"class":55},[49,112563,60],{"class":59},[49,112565,3530],{"class":85},[49,112567,1965],{"class":458},[49,112569,341],{"class":85},[49,112571,808],{"class":458},[49,112573,341],{"class":85},[49,112575,459],{"class":458},[49,112577,341],{"class":85},[49,112579,459],{"class":458},[49,112581,1244],{"class":85},[49,112583,112584],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,112585,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112587,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,112589,2131],{"class":55},[49,112591,60],{"class":59},[49,112593,4169],{"class":55},[49,112595,32],{"class":85},[49,112597,111145],{"class":88},[49,112599,92],{"class":85},[49,112601,60967],{"class":88},[49,112603,103],{"class":85},[49,112605,112606,112608,112610,112612],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,112607,110],{"class":109},[49,112609,92],{"class":85},[49,112611,2166],{"class":88},[49,112613,103],{"class":85},[20,112615,29935],{},[40,112617,112618],{"className":42,"code":112488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,112619,112620],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112621,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636,112638,112640,112642],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112623,9184],{"class":85},[49,112625,1223],{"class":458},[49,112627,341],{"class":85},[49,112629,2896],{"class":458},[49,112631,341],{"class":85},[49,112633,2354],{"class":458},[49,112635,341],{"class":85},[49,112637,808],{"class":458},[49,112639,341],{"class":85},[49,112641,459],{"class":458},[49,112643,9215],{"class":85},[20,112645,20887,112646,112648],{},[15,112647,2040],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[353,112650,112652],{"id":112651},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[40,112654,112656],{"className":42,"code":112655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112657,112658,112682,112715,112719,112738],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112659,112660,112662,112664,112666,112668,112670,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112661,35994],{"class":55},[49,112663,60],{"class":59},[49,112665,10398],{"class":85},[49,112667,95],{"class":63},[49,112669,820],{"class":67},[49,112671,95],{"class":63},[49,112673,341],{"class":85},[49,112675,64],{"class":63},[49,112677,4667],{"class":67},[49,112679,95],{"class":63},[49,112681,9215],{"class":85},[49,112683,112684,112687,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,112685,112686],{"class":55},"more_letters ",[49,112688,60],{"class":59},[49,112690,9142],{"class":85},[49,112692,95],{"class":63},[49,112694,4667],{"class":67},[49,112696,95],{"class":63},[49,112698,341],{"class":85},[49,112700,64],{"class":63},[49,112702,9646],{"class":67},[49,112704,95],{"class":63},[49,112706,341],{"class":85},[49,112708,64],{"class":63},[49,112710,18678],{"class":67},[49,112712,95],{"class":63},[49,112714,103],{"class":85},[49,112716,112717],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,112718,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112720,112721,112723,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112736],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,112722,2131],{"class":55},[49,112724,60],{"class":59},[49,112726,69977],{"class":55},[49,112728,32],{"class":85},[49,112730,111145],{"class":88},[49,112732,92],{"class":85},[49,112734,112735],{"class":88},"more_letters",[49,112737,103],{"class":85},[49,112739,112740,112742,112744,112746],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,112741,110],{"class":109},[49,112743,92],{"class":85},[49,112745,2166],{"class":88},[49,112747,103],{"class":85},[20,112749,29935],{},[40,112751,112753],{"className":42,"code":112752,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112754,112755],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112756,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112758,9184],{"class":85},[49,112760,1573],{"class":63},[49,112762,820],{"class":67},[49,112764,1573],{"class":63},[49,112766,341],{"class":85},[49,112768,3202],{"class":63},[49,112770,4667],{"class":67},[49,112772,1573],{"class":63},[49,112774,341],{"class":85},[49,112776,3202],{"class":63},[49,112778,9646],{"class":67},[49,112780,1573],{"class":63},[49,112782,341],{"class":85},[49,112784,3202],{"class":63},[49,112786,18678],{"class":67},[49,112788,1573],{"class":63},[49,112790,9215],{"class":85},[353,112792,112794],{"id":112793},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112796,112797],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[40,112799,112801],{"className":42,"code":112800,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112802,112803,112828,112851,112855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112804,112805,112808,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820,112822,112824,112826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112806,112807],{"class":55},"chars ",[49,112809,60],{"class":59},[49,112811,10398],{"class":85},[49,112813,95],{"class":63},[49,112815,820],{"class":67},[49,112817,95],{"class":63},[49,112819,341],{"class":85},[49,112821,64],{"class":63},[49,112823,4667],{"class":67},[49,112825,95],{"class":63},[49,112827,9215],{"class":85},[49,112829,112830,112832,112834,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847,112849],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,112831,2131],{"class":55},[49,112833,60],{"class":59},[49,112835,112836],{"class":55}," chars",[49,112838,32],{"class":85},[49,112840,111145],{"class":88},[49,112842,92],{"class":85},[49,112844,95],{"class":63},[49,112846,36952],{"class":67},[49,112848,95],{"class":63},[49,112850,103],{"class":85},[49,112852,112853],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,112854,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112856,112857,112859,112861,112863],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,112858,110],{"class":109},[49,112860,92],{"class":85},[49,112862,2166],{"class":88},[49,112864,103],{"class":85},[20,112866,29935],{},[40,112868,112870],{"className":42,"code":112869,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112871,112872],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112873,112874,112876,112878,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112875,9184],{"class":85},[49,112877,1573],{"class":63},[49,112879,820],{"class":67},[49,112881,1573],{"class":63},[49,112883,341],{"class":85},[49,112885,3202],{"class":63},[49,112887,4667],{"class":67},[49,112889,1573],{"class":63},[49,112891,341],{"class":85},[49,112893,3202],{"class":63},[49,112895,9646],{"class":67},[49,112897,1573],{"class":63},[49,112899,341],{"class":85},[49,112901,3202],{"class":63},[49,112903,63177],{"class":67},[49,112905,1573],{"class":63},[49,112907,9215],{"class":85},[20,112909,22098,112910,112913],{},[15,112911,112912],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[194,112915,112916,112920,112924],{},[197,112917,112918],{},[15,112919,66363],{},[197,112921,112922],{},[15,112923,18006],{},[197,112925,112926],{},[15,112927,112928],{},"\"t\"",[181,112930,112932,983,112934],{"id":112931},"union-vs-update",[15,112933,102675],{},[15,112935,14864],{},[20,112937,112938,380,112940,112942],{},[15,112939,102675],{},[15,112941,14864],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[353,112944,112945],{"id":111145},[15,112946,102675],{},[194,112948,112949,112951],{},[197,112950,110507],{},[197,112952,110516],{},[40,112954,112955],{"className":42,"code":112040,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,112956,112957,112973,112989,112993,113011,113015,113027],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,112958,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967,112969,112971],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,112960,2457],{"class":55},[49,112962,60],{"class":59},[49,112964,10398],{"class":85},[49,112966,1223],{"class":458},[49,112968,341],{"class":85},[49,112970,2896],{"class":458},[49,112972,9215],{"class":85},[49,112974,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,112976,2485],{"class":55},[49,112978,60],{"class":59},[49,112980,10398],{"class":85},[49,112982,312],{"class":458},[49,112984,341],{"class":85},[49,112986,2354],{"class":458},[49,112988,9215],{"class":85},[49,112990,112991],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,112992,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,112994,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005,113007,113009],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,112996,2131],{"class":55},[49,112998,60],{"class":59},[49,113000,56785],{"class":55},[49,113002,32],{"class":85},[49,113004,111145],{"class":88},[49,113006,92],{"class":85},[49,113008,4667],{"class":88},[49,113010,103],{"class":85},[49,113012,113013],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,113014,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,113016,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,113018,110],{"class":109},[49,113020,92],{"class":85},[49,113022,2166],{"class":88},[49,113024,118],{"class":85},[49,113026,112113],{"class":121},[49,113028,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,113030,110],{"class":109},[49,113032,92],{"class":85},[49,113034,820],{"class":88},[49,113036,118],{"class":85},[49,113038,112126],{"class":121},[353,113040,113041],{"id":30370},[15,113042,14864],{},[194,113044,113045,113048],{},[197,113046,113047],{},"changes the existing set in place",[197,113049,113050],{},"does not create a separate result set",[40,113052,113054],{"className":42,"code":113053,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113055,113056,113072,113088,113092,113106,113110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113057,113058,113060,113062,113064,113066,113068,113070],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113059,2457],{"class":55},[49,113061,60],{"class":59},[49,113063,10398],{"class":85},[49,113065,1223],{"class":458},[49,113067,341],{"class":85},[49,113069,2896],{"class":458},[49,113071,9215],{"class":85},[49,113073,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084,113086],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113075,2485],{"class":55},[49,113077,60],{"class":59},[49,113079,10398],{"class":85},[49,113081,312],{"class":458},[49,113083,341],{"class":85},[49,113085,2354],{"class":458},[49,113087,9215],{"class":85},[49,113089,113090],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113091,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,113093,113094,113096,113098,113100,113102,113104],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,113095,820],{"class":55},[49,113097,32],{"class":85},[49,113099,30370],{"class":88},[49,113101,92],{"class":85},[49,113103,4667],{"class":88},[49,113105,103],{"class":85},[49,113107,113108],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,113109,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,113111,113112,113114,113116,113118,113120],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,113113,110],{"class":109},[49,113115,92],{"class":85},[49,113117,820],{"class":88},[49,113119,118],{"class":85},[49,113121,112113],{"class":121},[20,113123,35,113124,113126],{},[15,113125,102675],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113128,113129,113130,32],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[820,113131,3482,113132,1785],{"href":98396},[15,113133,97191],{},[181,113135,4425],{"id":4424},[353,113137,1318,113139,113141],{"id":113138},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113140,102675],{}," to change the original set",[20,113143,81703],{},[40,113145,113147],{"className":42,"code":113146,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113148,113149,113165,113181,113185,113199],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113150,113151,113153,113155,113157,113159,113161,113163],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113152,2457],{"class":55},[49,113154,60],{"class":59},[49,113156,10398],{"class":85},[49,113158,1223],{"class":458},[49,113160,341],{"class":85},[49,113162,2896],{"class":458},[49,113164,9215],{"class":85},[49,113166,113167,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113168,2485],{"class":55},[49,113170,60],{"class":59},[49,113172,10398],{"class":85},[49,113174,312],{"class":458},[49,113176,341],{"class":85},[49,113178,2354],{"class":458},[49,113180,9215],{"class":85},[49,113182,113183],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113184,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,113186,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,113188,820],{"class":55},[49,113190,32],{"class":85},[49,113192,111145],{"class":88},[49,113194,92],{"class":85},[49,113196,4667],{"class":88},[49,113198,103],{"class":85},[49,113200,113201,113203,113205,113207],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,113202,110],{"class":109},[49,113204,92],{"class":85},[49,113206,820],{"class":88},[49,113208,103],{"class":85},[20,113210,1974],{},[40,113212,113213],{"className":42,"code":100383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,113214,113215],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113216,113217,113219,113221,113223,113225],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113218,9184],{"class":85},[49,113220,1223],{"class":458},[49,113222,341],{"class":85},[49,113224,2896],{"class":458},[49,113226,9215],{"class":85},[20,113228,8402,113229,113231],{},[15,113230,102675],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113233,113234],{},"Fix it like this:",[40,113236,113238],{"className":42,"code":113237,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113239,113240,113256,113272,113276,113294],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113241,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113243,2457],{"class":55},[49,113245,60],{"class":59},[49,113247,10398],{"class":85},[49,113249,1223],{"class":458},[49,113251,341],{"class":85},[49,113253,2896],{"class":458},[49,113255,9215],{"class":85},[49,113257,113258,113260,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113259,2485],{"class":55},[49,113261,60],{"class":59},[49,113263,10398],{"class":85},[49,113265,312],{"class":458},[49,113267,341],{"class":85},[49,113269,2354],{"class":458},[49,113271,9215],{"class":85},[49,113273,113274],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113275,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,113277,113278,113280,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,113279,2457],{"class":55},[49,113281,60],{"class":59},[49,113283,56785],{"class":55},[49,113285,32],{"class":85},[49,113287,111145],{"class":88},[49,113289,92],{"class":85},[49,113291,4667],{"class":88},[49,113293,103],{"class":85},[49,113295,113296,113298,113300,113302],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,113297,110],{"class":109},[49,113299,92],{"class":85},[49,113301,820],{"class":88},[49,113303,103],{"class":85},[353,113305,113307],{"id":113306},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113309,113310],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[40,113312,113314],{"className":42,"code":113313,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113315,113316,113332,113348,113352],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113317,113318,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113319,2457],{"class":55},[49,113321,60],{"class":59},[49,113323,10398],{"class":85},[49,113325,1965],{"class":458},[49,113327,341],{"class":85},[49,113329,1264],{"class":458},[49,113331,9215],{"class":85},[49,113333,113334,113336,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113335,2485],{"class":55},[49,113337,60],{"class":59},[49,113339,10398],{"class":85},[49,113341,312],{"class":458},[49,113343,341],{"class":85},[49,113345,808],{"class":458},[49,113347,9215],{"class":85},[49,113349,113350],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113351,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,113353,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364,113366,113368],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,113355,110],{"class":109},[49,113357,92],{"class":85},[49,113359,820],{"class":88},[49,113361,32],{"class":85},[49,113363,111145],{"class":88},[49,113365,92],{"class":85},[49,113367,4667],{"class":88},[49,113369,1581],{"class":85},[20,113371,113372],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[353,113374,113376],{"id":113375},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[40,113378,113380],{"className":42,"code":113379,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113381,113382,113398,113420],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113383,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113385,3976],{"class":55},[49,113387,60],{"class":59},[49,113389,10398],{"class":85},[49,113391,95],{"class":63},[49,113393,58023],{"class":67},[49,113395,95],{"class":63},[49,113397,9215],{"class":85},[49,113399,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408,113410,113412,113414,113416,113418],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113401,2131],{"class":55},[49,113403,60],{"class":59},[49,113405,6075],{"class":55},[49,113407,32],{"class":85},[49,113409,111145],{"class":88},[49,113411,92],{"class":85},[49,113413,95],{"class":63},[49,113415,36952],{"class":67},[49,113417,95],{"class":63},[49,113419,103],{"class":85},[49,113421,113422,113424,113426,113428],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113423,110],{"class":109},[49,113425,92],{"class":85},[49,113427,2166],{"class":88},[49,113429,103],{"class":85},[20,113431,113432,113433,2091,113435,1455,113437,113439,113440,113442],{},"This adds ",[15,113434,66363],{},[15,113436,18006],{},[15,113438,112928],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113441,112912],{}," as one item.",[20,113444,113445],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[40,113447,113449],{"className":42,"code":113448,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113450,113451,113467,113489],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113452,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113454,3976],{"class":55},[49,113456,60],{"class":59},[49,113458,10398],{"class":85},[49,113460,95],{"class":63},[49,113462,58023],{"class":67},[49,113464,95],{"class":63},[49,113466,9215],{"class":85},[49,113468,113469,113471,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113470,2131],{"class":55},[49,113472,60],{"class":59},[49,113474,6075],{"class":55},[49,113476,32],{"class":85},[49,113478,111145],{"class":88},[49,113480,2889],{"class":85},[49,113482,95],{"class":63},[49,113484,36952],{"class":67},[49,113486,95],{"class":63},[49,113488,3794],{"class":85},[49,113490,113491,113493,113495,113497],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113492,110],{"class":109},[49,113494,92],{"class":85},[49,113496,2166],{"class":88},[49,113498,103],{"class":85},[353,113500,113502],{"id":113501},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113504,2739],{},[40,113506,113508],{"className":42,"code":113507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113509,113510],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113511,113512,113514,113516,113518,113520,113522,113524,113526,113528,113530,113532,113534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113513,15539],{"class":55},[49,113515,60],{"class":59},[49,113517,10398],{"class":85},[49,113519,1223],{"class":458},[49,113521,341],{"class":85},[49,113523,2896],{"class":458},[49,113525,341],{"class":85},[49,113527,3530],{"class":85},[49,113529,1965],{"class":458},[49,113531,341],{"class":85},[49,113533,808],{"class":458},[49,113535,13615],{"class":85},[20,113537,113538],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113540,113541,113542,1197],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113543,102675],{},[40,113545,113547],{"className":42,"code":113546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113548,113549,113565,113587],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113550,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561,113563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113552,15539],{"class":55},[49,113554,60],{"class":59},[49,113556,10398],{"class":85},[49,113558,1223],{"class":458},[49,113560,341],{"class":85},[49,113562,2896],{"class":458},[49,113564,9215],{"class":85},[49,113566,113567,113569,113571,113573,113575,113577,113579,113581,113583,113585],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113568,2131],{"class":55},[49,113570,60],{"class":59},[49,113572,96801],{"class":55},[49,113574,32],{"class":85},[49,113576,111145],{"class":88},[49,113578,2889],{"class":85},[49,113580,1965],{"class":458},[49,113582,341],{"class":85},[49,113584,808],{"class":458},[49,113586,3794],{"class":85},[49,113588,113589,113591,113593,113595],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113590,110],{"class":109},[49,113592,92],{"class":85},[49,113594,2166],{"class":88},[49,113596,103],{"class":85},[181,113598,113600],{"id":113599},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113602,113603],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[194,113605,113606,113612,113619,113622],{},[197,113607,113608,113609,113611],{},"call ",[15,113610,102675],{}," without saving the returned set",[197,113613,113614,113615,1342,113617],{},"confuse ",[15,113616,102675],{},[15,113618,14864],{},[197,113620,113621],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[197,113623,113624],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113626,113627,113628,380,113632,32],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[820,113629,3482,113630,1785],{"href":102664},[15,113631,106449],{},[820,113633,3482,113635,1785],{"href":113634},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113636,100295],{},[20,113638,62185],{},[40,113640,113642],{"className":42,"code":113641,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113643,113644,113654,113668,113678],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113645,113646,113648,113650,113652],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113647,110],{"class":109},[49,113649,92],{"class":85},[49,113651,15577],{"class":88},[49,113653,103],{"class":85},[49,113655,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113657,110],{"class":109},[49,113659,92],{"class":85},[49,113661,3127],{"class":2804},[49,113663,92],{"class":85},[49,113665,15577],{"class":88},[49,113667,1581],{"class":85},[49,113669,113670,113672,113674,113676],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113671,110],{"class":109},[49,113673,92],{"class":85},[49,113675,2166],{"class":88},[49,113677,103],{"class":85},[49,113679,113680,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,113681,32059],{"class":109},[49,113683,92],{"class":85},[49,113685,6194],{"class":2804},[49,113687,32],{"class":85},[49,113689,111145],{"class":24660},[49,113691,103],{"class":85},[181,113693,1704],{"id":1703},[353,113695,1720,113697,102615],{"id":113696},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113698,107919],{},[20,113700,102618],{},[353,113702,5077,113704,113706],{"id":113703},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113705,102675],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113708,113709],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[353,113711,1760,113713,113715],{"id":113712},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113714,102675],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113717,42052,113718,113720],{},[15,113719,102675],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[353,113722,113724],{"id":113723},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113726,113727],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[353,113729,1740,113731,380,113733,2394],{"id":113730},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113732,102675],{},[15,113734,113735],{},"|",[20,113737,113738,113739,113741,113742,113744],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113740,113735],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113743,102675],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[181,113746,1775],{"id":1774},[194,113748,113749,113753,113759,113765,113771],{},[197,113750,113751],{},[820,113752,96205],{"href":97376},[197,113754,113755],{},[820,113756,3482,113757,1785],{"href":98396},[15,113758,97191],{},[197,113760,113761],{},[820,113762,3482,113763,1785],{"href":102664},[15,113764,106449],{},[197,113766,113767],{},[820,113768,3482,113769,1785],{"href":113634},[15,113770,100295],{},[197,113772,113773],{},[820,113774,100220],{"href":98954},[1834,113776,113777],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":113779},[113780,113781,113783,113784,113785,113786,113788,113794,113799,113806,113807,113818],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":111875,"depth":74,"text":113782},"What set.union() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":21879,"depth":74,"text":21880},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":112362,"depth":74,"text":113787},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112520,"depth":74,"text":113789,"children":113790},"Using union() with other iterables",[113791,113792,113793],{"id":112531,"depth":106,"text":112532},{"id":112651,"depth":106,"text":112652},{"id":112793,"depth":106,"text":112794},{"id":112931,"depth":74,"text":113795,"children":113796},"union() vs update()",[113797,113798],{"id":111145,"depth":106,"text":102675},{"id":30370,"depth":106,"text":14864},{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":113800},[113801,113803,113804,113805],{"id":113138,"depth":106,"text":113802},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113306,"depth":106,"text":113307},{"id":113375,"depth":106,"text":113376},{"id":113501,"depth":106,"text":113502},{"id":113599,"depth":74,"text":113600},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":113808},[113809,113811,113813,113815,113816],{"id":113696,"depth":106,"text":113810},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113703,"depth":106,"text":113812},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113712,"depth":106,"text":113814},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113723,"depth":106,"text":113724},{"id":113730,"depth":106,"text":113817},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111755,"description":113819},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113825,"title":113826,"body":113827,"description":115716,"extension":1866,"meta":115717,"navigation":128,"path":96690,"seo":115718,"stem":115719,"__hash__":115720},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113828,"toc":115682},[113829,113834,113839,113847,113849,113907,113912,113917,113921,113933,113936,114010,114015,114017,114019,114038,114040,114057,114060,114087,114089,114159,114163,114165,114171,114173,114234,114239,114241,114298,114302,114307,114372,114374,114394,114401,114405,114410,114495,114498,114505,114608,114612,114617,114675,114678,114689,114703,114710,114768,114775,114778,114788,114792,114850,114854,114920,114923,114981,114988,114995,114998,115002,115011,115080,115084,115090,115178,115188,115192,115196,115200,115203,115264,115269,115326,115330,115332,115367,115374,115376,115430,115437,115441,115444,115509,115518,115524,115581,115583,115588,115592,115596,115599,115606,115614,115618,115623,115627,115633,115635,115670,115679],[10,113830,96077,113832,18],{"id":113831},"python-set-update-method",[15,113833,14864],{},[20,113835,113836,113838],{},[15,113837,97191],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113840,113841,113842,113846],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[820,113843,113844],{"href":98377},[15,113845,96085],{},", which adds only one item.",[181,113848,3515],{"id":3514},[40,113850,113852],{"className":42,"code":113851,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113853,113854,113870,113892,113902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113855,113856,113858,113860,113862,113864,113866,113868],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113857,3525],{"class":55},[49,113859,60],{"class":59},[49,113861,10398],{"class":85},[49,113863,1223],{"class":458},[49,113865,341],{"class":85},[49,113867,2896],{"class":458},[49,113869,9215],{"class":85},[49,113871,113872,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882,113884,113886,113888,113890],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113873,3556],{"class":55},[49,113875,32],{"class":85},[49,113877,30370],{"class":88},[49,113879,2889],{"class":85},[49,113881,312],{"class":458},[49,113883,341],{"class":85},[49,113885,2354],{"class":458},[49,113887,341],{"class":85},[49,113889,808],{"class":458},[49,113891,3794],{"class":85},[49,113893,113894,113896,113898,113900],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113895,110],{"class":109},[49,113897,92],{"class":85},[49,113899,3556],{"class":88},[49,113901,103],{"class":85},[49,113903,113904],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,113905,113906],{"class":121},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113908,35,113909,113911],{},[15,113910,14864],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[181,113913,184,113915,187],{"id":113914},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113916,97191],{},[20,113918,113919,1197],{},[15,113920,97191],{},[194,113922,113923,113926,113928,113931],{},[197,113924,113925],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[197,113927,96192],{},[197,113929,113930],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[197,113932,96195],{},[20,113934,113935],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[40,113937,113939],{"className":42,"code":113938,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113940,113941,113965,113991,113995,114005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,113942,113943,113945,113947,113949,113951,113953,113955,113957,113959,113961,113963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,113944,12984],{"class":55},[49,113946,60],{"class":59},[49,113948,10398],{"class":85},[49,113950,95],{"class":63},[49,113952,13001],{"class":67},[49,113954,95],{"class":63},[49,113956,341],{"class":85},[49,113958,64],{"class":63},[49,113960,13018],{"class":67},[49,113962,95],{"class":63},[49,113964,9215],{"class":85},[49,113966,113967,113969,113971,113973,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,113968,17412],{"class":55},[49,113970,32],{"class":85},[49,113972,30370],{"class":88},[49,113974,2889],{"class":85},[49,113976,95],{"class":63},[49,113978,13018],{"class":67},[49,113980,95],{"class":63},[49,113982,341],{"class":85},[49,113984,64],{"class":63},[49,113986,17365],{"class":67},[49,113988,95],{"class":63},[49,113990,3794],{"class":85},[49,113992,113993],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,113994,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,113996,113997,113999,114001,114003],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,113998,110],{"class":109},[49,114000,92],{"class":85},[49,114002,17412],{"class":88},[49,114004,103],{"class":85},[49,114006,114007],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114008,114009],{"class":121},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114011,20887,114012,114014],{},[15,114013,110910],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[181,114016,316],{"id":315},[20,114018,7124],{},[40,114020,114022],{"className":42,"code":114021,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114023,114024],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114025,114026,114028,114030,114032,114034,114036],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114027,15577],{"class":55},[49,114029,32],{"class":85},[49,114031,30370],{"class":88},[49,114033,92],{"class":85},[49,114035,3626],{"class":88},[49,114037,103],{"class":85},[20,114039,80079],{},[194,114041,114042,114045,114048,114051,114054],{},[197,114043,114044],{},"A list",[197,114046,114047],{},"A tuple",[197,114049,114050],{},"Another set",[197,114052,114053],{},"A string",[197,114055,114056],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114058,114059],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[40,114061,114063],{"className":42,"code":114062,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114064,114065],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114066,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114068,15577],{"class":55},[49,114070,32],{"class":85},[49,114072,30370],{"class":88},[49,114074,92],{"class":85},[49,114076,820],{"class":88},[49,114078,341],{"class":85},[49,114080,2462],{"class":88},[49,114082,341],{"class":85},[49,114084,9588],{"class":88},[49,114086,103],{"class":85},[20,114088,214],{},[40,114090,114092],{"className":42,"code":114091,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114093,114094,114106,114140,114144,114154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114095,114096,114098,114100,114102,114104],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114097,3729],{"class":55},[49,114099,60],{"class":59},[49,114101,10398],{"class":85},[49,114103,1223],{"class":458},[49,114105,9215],{"class":85},[49,114107,114108,114110,114112,114114,114116,114118,114120,114122,114124,114126,114128,114130,114132,114134,114136,114138],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114109,5266],{"class":55},[49,114111,32],{"class":85},[49,114113,30370],{"class":88},[49,114115,2889],{"class":85},[49,114117,312],{"class":458},[49,114119,341],{"class":85},[49,114121,2354],{"class":458},[49,114123,17972],{"class":85},[49,114125,9142],{"class":85},[49,114127,2407],{"class":458},[49,114129,341],{"class":85},[49,114131,459],{"class":458},[49,114133,9139],{"class":85},[49,114135,10398],{"class":85},[49,114137,80470],{"class":458},[49,114139,30402],{"class":85},[49,114141,114142],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114143,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114145,114146,114148,114150,114152],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114147,110],{"class":109},[49,114149,92],{"class":85},[49,114151,5266],{"class":88},[49,114153,103],{"class":85},[49,114155,114156],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114157,114158],{"class":121},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114160,96201,114161,32],{},[820,114162,96209],{"href":97760},[181,114164,21880],{"id":21879},[20,114166,114167,1000,114169,32],{},[15,114168,97191],{},[15,114170,3684],{},[20,114172,11621],{},[40,114174,114176],{"className":42,"code":114175,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114177,114178,114194,114216,114220,114230],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114179,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190,114192],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114181,3525],{"class":55},[49,114183,60],{"class":59},[49,114185,10398],{"class":85},[49,114187,1223],{"class":458},[49,114189,341],{"class":85},[49,114191,2896],{"class":458},[49,114193,9215],{"class":85},[49,114195,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208,114210,114212,114214],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114197,2131],{"class":55},[49,114199,60],{"class":59},[49,114201,4169],{"class":55},[49,114203,32],{"class":85},[49,114205,30370],{"class":88},[49,114207,2889],{"class":85},[49,114209,1965],{"class":458},[49,114211,341],{"class":85},[49,114213,808],{"class":458},[49,114215,3794],{"class":85},[49,114217,114218],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114219,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114221,114222,114224,114226,114228],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114223,110],{"class":109},[49,114225,92],{"class":85},[49,114227,2166],{"class":88},[49,114229,103],{"class":85},[49,114231,114232],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114233,61721],{"class":121},[20,114235,114236,114237,32],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114238,2166],{},[20,114240,18879],{},[40,114242,114244],{"className":42,"code":114243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114245,114246,114262,114280,114284,114294],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114247,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114249,3525],{"class":55},[49,114251,60],{"class":59},[49,114253,10398],{"class":85},[49,114255,1223],{"class":458},[49,114257,341],{"class":85},[49,114259,2896],{"class":458},[49,114261,9215],{"class":85},[49,114263,114264,114266,114268,114270,114272,114274,114276,114278],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114265,3556],{"class":55},[49,114267,32],{"class":85},[49,114269,30370],{"class":88},[49,114271,2889],{"class":85},[49,114273,1965],{"class":458},[49,114275,341],{"class":85},[49,114277,808],{"class":458},[49,114279,3794],{"class":85},[49,114281,114282],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114283,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114285,114286,114288,114290,114292],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114287,110],{"class":109},[49,114289,92],{"class":85},[49,114291,3556],{"class":88},[49,114293,103],{"class":85},[49,114295,114296],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114297,113906],{"class":121},[181,114299,114301],{"id":114300},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114303,114304,114305,32],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114306,14864],{},[40,114308,114310],{"className":42,"code":114309,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114311,114312,114328,114354,114358,114368],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114313,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114315,3525],{"class":55},[49,114317,60],{"class":59},[49,114319,10398],{"class":85},[49,114321,1223],{"class":458},[49,114323,341],{"class":85},[49,114325,2896],{"class":458},[49,114327,9215],{"class":85},[49,114329,114330,114332,114334,114336,114338,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114331,3556],{"class":55},[49,114333,32],{"class":85},[49,114335,30370],{"class":88},[49,114337,2889],{"class":85},[49,114339,312],{"class":458},[49,114341,341],{"class":85},[49,114343,2354],{"class":458},[49,114345,341],{"class":85},[49,114347,808],{"class":458},[49,114349,341],{"class":85},[49,114351,808],{"class":458},[49,114353,3794],{"class":85},[49,114355,114356],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114357,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114359,114360,114362,114364,114366],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114361,110],{"class":109},[49,114363,92],{"class":85},[49,114365,3556],{"class":88},[49,114367,103],{"class":85},[49,114369,114370],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114371,113906],{"class":121},[20,114373,11590],{},[194,114375,114376,114381,114388],{},[197,114377,114378,114380],{},[15,114379,312],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[197,114382,114383,380,114385,114387],{},[15,114384,1965],{},[15,114386,2407],{}," are added",[197,114389,114390,114391,114393],{},"The second ",[15,114392,2407],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114395,114396,114397,114400],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[820,114398,114399],{"href":98954},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[181,114402,114404],{"id":114403},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114406,7670,114407,114409],{},[15,114408,14864],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[40,114411,114413],{"className":42,"code":114412,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114414,114415,114436,114457,114461,114477,114481,114491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114416,114417,114420,114422,114424,114426,114428,114430,114432,114434],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114418,114419],{"class":55},"set_a ",[49,114421,60],{"class":59},[49,114423,10398],{"class":85},[49,114425,1223],{"class":458},[49,114427,341],{"class":85},[49,114429,2896],{"class":458},[49,114431,341],{"class":85},[49,114433,2354],{"class":458},[49,114435,9215],{"class":85},[49,114437,114438,114441,114443,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114439,114440],{"class":55},"set_b ",[49,114442,60],{"class":59},[49,114444,10398],{"class":85},[49,114446,1965],{"class":458},[49,114448,341],{"class":85},[49,114450,808],{"class":458},[49,114452,341],{"class":85},[49,114454,459],{"class":458},[49,114456,9215],{"class":85},[49,114458,114459],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114460,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114462,114463,114466,114468,114470,114472,114475],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114464,114465],{"class":55},"set_a",[49,114467,32],{"class":85},[49,114469,30370],{"class":88},[49,114471,92],{"class":85},[49,114473,114474],{"class":88},"set_b",[49,114476,103],{"class":85},[49,114478,114479],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114480,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114482,114483,114485,114487,114489],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,114484,110],{"class":109},[49,114486,92],{"class":85},[49,114488,114465],{"class":88},[49,114490,103],{"class":85},[49,114492,114493],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,114494,111867],{"class":121},[20,114496,114497],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114499,114500,114501,32],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[820,114502,114503],{"href":102672},[15,114504,107919],{},[40,114506,114508],{"className":42,"code":114507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114509,114510,114530,114550,114554,114574,114578,114589,114593,114603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114511,114512,114514,114516,114518,114520,114522,114524,114526,114528],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114513,114419],{"class":55},[49,114515,60],{"class":59},[49,114517,10398],{"class":85},[49,114519,1223],{"class":458},[49,114521,341],{"class":85},[49,114523,2896],{"class":458},[49,114525,341],{"class":85},[49,114527,2354],{"class":458},[49,114529,9215],{"class":85},[49,114531,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546,114548],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114533,114440],{"class":55},[49,114535,60],{"class":59},[49,114537,10398],{"class":85},[49,114539,1965],{"class":458},[49,114541,341],{"class":85},[49,114543,808],{"class":458},[49,114545,341],{"class":85},[49,114547,459],{"class":458},[49,114549,9215],{"class":85},[49,114551,114552],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114553,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114555,114556,114559,114561,114564,114566,114568,114570,114572],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114557,114558],{"class":55},"combined ",[49,114560,60],{"class":59},[49,114562,114563],{"class":55}," set_a",[49,114565,32],{"class":85},[49,114567,111145],{"class":88},[49,114569,92],{"class":85},[49,114571,114474],{"class":88},[49,114573,103],{"class":85},[49,114575,114576],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114577,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114579,114580,114582,114584,114587],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,114581,110],{"class":109},[49,114583,92],{"class":85},[49,114585,114586],{"class":88},"combined",[49,114588,103],{"class":85},[49,114590,114591],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,114592,111867],{"class":121},[49,114594,114595,114597,114599,114601],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,114596,110],{"class":109},[49,114598,92],{"class":85},[49,114600,114465],{"class":88},[49,114602,103],{"class":85},[49,114604,114605],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,114606,114607],{"class":121},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[181,114609,114611],{"id":114610},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114613,64629,114614,114616],{},[15,114615,14864],{}," adds each character separately.",[40,114618,114620],{"className":42,"code":114619,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114621,114622,114638,114656,114660,114670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114623,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634,114636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114625,35994],{"class":55},[49,114627,60],{"class":59},[49,114629,10398],{"class":85},[49,114631,95],{"class":63},[49,114633,283],{"class":67},[49,114635,95],{"class":63},[49,114637,9215],{"class":85},[49,114639,114640,114642,114644,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114641,36047],{"class":55},[49,114643,32],{"class":85},[49,114645,30370],{"class":88},[49,114647,92],{"class":85},[49,114649,95],{"class":63},[49,114651,36952],{"class":67},[49,114653,95],{"class":63},[49,114655,103],{"class":85},[49,114657,114658],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114659,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114661,114662,114664,114666,114668],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114663,110],{"class":109},[49,114665,92],{"class":85},[49,114667,36047],{"class":88},[49,114669,103],{"class":85},[49,114671,114672],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114673,114674],{"class":121},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114676,114677],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114679,114680,13963,114683,114685,114686,114688],{},[15,114681,114682],{},"update(\"cat\")",[666,114684,4536],{}," add ",[15,114687,112912],{}," as one item. It adds:",[194,114690,114691,114695,114699],{},[197,114692,114693],{},[15,114694,66363],{},[197,114696,114697],{},[15,114698,18006],{},[197,114700,114701],{},[15,114702,112928],{},[20,114704,114705,114706,1197],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[820,114707,114708],{"href":98377},[15,114709,96085],{},[40,114711,114713],{"className":42,"code":114712,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114714,114715,114731,114749,114753,114763],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114716,114717,114719,114721,114723,114725,114727,114729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114718,3976],{"class":55},[49,114720,60],{"class":59},[49,114722,10398],{"class":85},[49,114724,95],{"class":63},[49,114726,58023],{"class":67},[49,114728,95],{"class":63},[49,114730,9215],{"class":85},[49,114732,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743,114745,114747],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114734,4019],{"class":55},[49,114736,32],{"class":85},[49,114738,81982],{"class":88},[49,114740,92],{"class":85},[49,114742,95],{"class":63},[49,114744,36952],{"class":67},[49,114746,95],{"class":63},[49,114748,103],{"class":85},[49,114750,114751],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114752,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114754,114755,114757,114759,114761],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114756,110],{"class":109},[49,114758,92],{"class":85},[49,114760,4019],{"class":88},[49,114762,103],{"class":85},[49,114764,114765],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114766,114767],{"class":121},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[181,114769,114771,983,114773],{"id":114770},"update-vs-add",[15,114772,14864],{},[15,114774,96080],{},[20,114776,114777],{},"The difference is simple:",[194,114779,114780,114784],{},[197,114781,114782,96679],{},[15,114783,96080],{},[197,114785,114786,96684],{},[15,114787,14864],{},[20,114789,45939,114790,1197],{},[15,114791,96080],{},[40,114793,114795],{"className":42,"code":114794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114796,114797,114813,114831,114835,114845],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114798,114799,114801,114803,114805,114807,114809,114811],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114800,36143],{"class":55},[49,114802,60],{"class":59},[49,114804,10398],{"class":85},[49,114806,95],{"class":63},[49,114808,3985],{"class":67},[49,114810,95],{"class":63},[49,114812,9215],{"class":85},[49,114814,114815,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825,114827,114829],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114816,36195],{"class":55},[49,114818,32],{"class":85},[49,114820,81982],{"class":88},[49,114822,92],{"class":85},[49,114824,95],{"class":63},[49,114826,230],{"class":67},[49,114828,95],{"class":63},[49,114830,103],{"class":85},[49,114832,114833],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114834,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114836,114837,114839,114841,114843],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114838,110],{"class":109},[49,114840,92],{"class":85},[49,114842,36195],{"class":88},[49,114844,103],{"class":85},[49,114846,114847],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114848,114849],{"class":121},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114851,45939,114852,1197],{},[15,114853,14864],{},[40,114855,114857],{"className":42,"code":114856,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114858,114859,114875,114901,114905,114915],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114860,114861,114863,114865,114867,114869,114871,114873],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114862,36143],{"class":55},[49,114864,60],{"class":59},[49,114866,10398],{"class":85},[49,114868,95],{"class":63},[49,114870,3985],{"class":67},[49,114872,95],{"class":63},[49,114874,9215],{"class":85},[49,114876,114877,114879,114881,114883,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114878,36195],{"class":55},[49,114880,32],{"class":85},[49,114882,30370],{"class":88},[49,114884,2889],{"class":85},[49,114886,95],{"class":63},[49,114888,230],{"class":67},[49,114890,95],{"class":63},[49,114892,341],{"class":85},[49,114894,64],{"class":63},[49,114896,33128],{"class":67},[49,114898,95],{"class":63},[49,114900,3794],{"class":85},[49,114902,114903],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114904,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114906,114907,114909,114911,114913],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114908,110],{"class":109},[49,114910,92],{"class":85},[49,114912,36195],{"class":88},[49,114914,103],{"class":85},[49,114916,114917],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114918,114919],{"class":121},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114921,114922],{},"Important warning with strings:",[40,114924,114926],{"className":42,"code":114925,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114927,114928,114944,114962,114966,114976],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,114929,114930,114932,114934,114936,114938,114940,114942],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,114931,36143],{"class":55},[49,114933,60],{"class":59},[49,114935,10398],{"class":85},[49,114937,95],{"class":63},[49,114939,3985],{"class":67},[49,114941,95],{"class":63},[49,114943,9215],{"class":85},[49,114945,114946,114948,114950,114952,114954,114956,114958,114960],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,114947,36195],{"class":55},[49,114949,32],{"class":85},[49,114951,30370],{"class":88},[49,114953,92],{"class":85},[49,114955,95],{"class":63},[49,114957,38244],{"class":67},[49,114959,95],{"class":63},[49,114961,103],{"class":85},[49,114963,114964],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,114965,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,114967,114968,114970,114972,114974],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,114969,110],{"class":109},[49,114971,92],{"class":85},[49,114973,36195],{"class":88},[49,114975,103],{"class":85},[49,114977,114978],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,114979,114980],{"class":121},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114982,61996,114983,62069,114986,6537],{},[15,114984,114985],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114987,96080],{},[181,114989,114991,983,114993],{"id":114990},"update-vs-union",[15,114992,14864],{},[15,114994,102675],{},[20,114996,114997],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[353,114999,115000],{"id":30370},[15,115001,14864],{},[194,115003,115004,115007],{},[197,115005,115006],{},"Changes the existing set",[197,115008,205,115009],{},[15,115010,3684],{},[40,115012,115014],{"className":42,"code":115013,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115015,115016,115032,115048,115052,115066,115076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115017,115018,115020,115022,115024,115026,115028,115030],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115019,2457],{"class":55},[49,115021,60],{"class":59},[49,115023,10398],{"class":85},[49,115025,1223],{"class":458},[49,115027,341],{"class":85},[49,115029,2896],{"class":458},[49,115031,9215],{"class":85},[49,115033,115034,115036,115038,115040,115042,115044,115046],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,115035,2485],{"class":55},[49,115037,60],{"class":59},[49,115039,10398],{"class":85},[49,115041,312],{"class":458},[49,115043,341],{"class":85},[49,115045,2354],{"class":458},[49,115047,9215],{"class":85},[49,115049,115050],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,115051,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115053,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,115055,820],{"class":55},[49,115057,32],{"class":85},[49,115059,30370],{"class":88},[49,115061,92],{"class":85},[49,115063,4667],{"class":88},[49,115065,103],{"class":85},[49,115067,115068,115070,115072,115074],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,115069,110],{"class":109},[49,115071,92],{"class":85},[49,115073,820],{"class":88},[49,115075,103],{"class":85},[49,115077,115078],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,115079,114607],{"class":121},[353,115081,115082],{"id":111145},[15,115083,102675],{},[194,115085,115086,115088],{},[197,115087,101213],{},[197,115089,101216],{},[40,115091,115093],{"className":42,"code":115092,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115094,115095,115111,115127,115131,115149,115159,115163,115173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115096,115097,115099,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115098,2457],{"class":55},[49,115100,60],{"class":59},[49,115102,10398],{"class":85},[49,115104,1223],{"class":458},[49,115106,341],{"class":85},[49,115108,2896],{"class":458},[49,115110,9215],{"class":85},[49,115112,115113,115115,115117,115119,115121,115123,115125],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,115114,2485],{"class":55},[49,115116,60],{"class":59},[49,115118,10398],{"class":85},[49,115120,312],{"class":458},[49,115122,341],{"class":85},[49,115124,2354],{"class":458},[49,115126,9215],{"class":85},[49,115128,115129],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,115130,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115132,115133,115135,115137,115139,115141,115143,115145,115147],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,115134,83062],{"class":55},[49,115136,60],{"class":59},[49,115138,56785],{"class":55},[49,115140,32],{"class":85},[49,115142,111145],{"class":88},[49,115144,92],{"class":85},[49,115146,4667],{"class":88},[49,115148,103],{"class":85},[49,115150,115151,115153,115155,115157],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,115152,110],{"class":109},[49,115154,92],{"class":85},[49,115156,9646],{"class":88},[49,115158,103],{"class":85},[49,115160,115161],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,115162,114607],{"class":121},[49,115164,115165,115167,115169,115171],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,115166,110],{"class":109},[49,115168,92],{"class":85},[49,115170,820],{"class":88},[49,115172,103],{"class":85},[49,115174,115175],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,115176,115177],{"class":121},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115179,107561,115180,115182,115183,115187],{},[15,115181,14864],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[820,115184,115185],{"href":102672},[15,115186,102675],{}," when you want a new set.",[181,115189,115191],{"id":115190},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115193,10654,115194,32],{},[15,115195,97191],{},[353,115197,115199],{"id":115198},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115201,115202],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[40,115204,115206],{"className":42,"code":115205,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115207,115208,115224,115246,115250,115260],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115209,115210,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220,115222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115211,15539],{"class":55},[49,115213,60],{"class":59},[49,115215,10398],{"class":85},[49,115217,1223],{"class":458},[49,115219,341],{"class":85},[49,115221,2896],{"class":458},[49,115223,9215],{"class":85},[49,115225,115226,115228,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240,115242,115244],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,115227,2131],{"class":55},[49,115229,60],{"class":59},[49,115231,96801],{"class":55},[49,115233,32],{"class":85},[49,115235,30370],{"class":88},[49,115237,2889],{"class":85},[49,115239,1965],{"class":458},[49,115241,341],{"class":85},[49,115243,808],{"class":458},[49,115245,3794],{"class":85},[49,115247,115248],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,115249,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115251,115252,115254,115256,115258],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,115253,110],{"class":109},[49,115255,92],{"class":85},[49,115257,2166],{"class":88},[49,115259,103],{"class":85},[49,115261,115262],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,115263,61721],{"class":121},[20,115265,115266,115267,1197],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115268,14864],{},[40,115270,115272],{"className":42,"code":115271,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115273,115274,115290,115308,115312,115322],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115275,115276,115278,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115277,15539],{"class":55},[49,115279,60],{"class":59},[49,115281,10398],{"class":85},[49,115283,1223],{"class":458},[49,115285,341],{"class":85},[49,115287,2896],{"class":458},[49,115289,9215],{"class":85},[49,115291,115292,115294,115296,115298,115300,115302,115304,115306],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,115293,15577],{"class":55},[49,115295,32],{"class":85},[49,115297,30370],{"class":88},[49,115299,2889],{"class":85},[49,115301,1965],{"class":458},[49,115303,341],{"class":85},[49,115305,808],{"class":458},[49,115307,3794],{"class":85},[49,115309,115310],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,115311,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115313,115314,115316,115318,115320],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,115315,110],{"class":109},[49,115317,92],{"class":85},[49,115319,15577],{"class":88},[49,115321,103],{"class":85},[49,115323,115324],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,115325,113906],{"class":121},[353,115327,115329],{"id":115328},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115331,2739],{},[40,115333,115335],{"className":42,"code":115334,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115336,115337,115353],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115338,115339,115341,115343,115345,115347,115349,115351],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115340,15539],{"class":55},[49,115342,60],{"class":59},[49,115344,10398],{"class":85},[49,115346,1223],{"class":458},[49,115348,341],{"class":85},[49,115350,2896],{"class":458},[49,115352,9215],{"class":85},[49,115354,115355,115357,115359,115361,115363,115365],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,115356,15577],{"class":55},[49,115358,32],{"class":85},[49,115360,30370],{"class":88},[49,115362,92],{"class":85},[49,115364,2040],{"class":458},[49,115366,103],{"class":85},[20,115368,62175,115369,8508,115371,115373],{},[15,115370,2909],{},[15,115372,2040],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115375,6460],{},[40,115377,115379],{"className":42,"code":115378,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115380,115381,115397,115411,115415,115425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115382,115383,115385,115387,115389,115391,115393,115395],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115384,15539],{"class":55},[49,115386,60],{"class":59},[49,115388,10398],{"class":85},[49,115390,1223],{"class":458},[49,115392,341],{"class":85},[49,115394,2896],{"class":458},[49,115396,9215],{"class":85},[49,115398,115399,115401,115403,115405,115407,115409],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,115400,15577],{"class":55},[49,115402,32],{"class":85},[49,115404,30370],{"class":88},[49,115406,2889],{"class":85},[49,115408,2040],{"class":458},[49,115410,3794],{"class":85},[49,115412,115413],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,115414,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115416,115417,115419,115421,115423],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,115418,110],{"class":109},[49,115420,92],{"class":85},[49,115422,15577],{"class":88},[49,115424,103],{"class":85},[49,115426,115427],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,115428,115429],{"class":121},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115431,45812,115432,32],{},[820,115433,1129,115434],{"href":52498},[15,115435,115436],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[353,115438,115440],{"id":115439},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115442,115443],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[40,115445,115447],{"className":42,"code":115446,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115448,115449,115465,115491,115495,115505],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115450,115451,115453,115455,115457,115459,115461,115463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115452,15539],{"class":55},[49,115454,60],{"class":59},[49,115456,10398],{"class":85},[49,115458,1223],{"class":458},[49,115460,341],{"class":85},[49,115462,2896],{"class":458},[49,115464,9215],{"class":85},[49,115466,115467,115469,115471,115473,115475,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,115468,15577],{"class":55},[49,115470,32],{"class":85},[49,115472,30370],{"class":88},[49,115474,2889],{"class":85},[49,115476,312],{"class":458},[49,115478,341],{"class":85},[49,115480,2896],{"class":458},[49,115482,341],{"class":85},[49,115484,2896],{"class":458},[49,115486,341],{"class":85},[49,115488,2354],{"class":458},[49,115490,3794],{"class":85},[49,115492,115493],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,115494,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115496,115497,115499,115501,115503],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,115498,110],{"class":109},[49,115500,92],{"class":85},[49,115502,15577],{"class":88},[49,115504,103],{"class":85},[49,115506,115507],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,115508,114607],{"class":121},[353,115510,115512,115513,44529,115515,115517],{"id":115511},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115514,14864],{},[15,115516,96080],{}," is better",[20,115519,115520,115521,115523],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115522,96080],{}," is usually the better choice.",[40,115525,115527],{"className":42,"code":115526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115528,115529,115545,115563,115567,115577],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115530,115531,115533,115535,115537,115539,115541,115543],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115532,15539],{"class":55},[49,115534,60],{"class":59},[49,115536,10398],{"class":85},[49,115538,95],{"class":63},[49,115540,58023],{"class":67},[49,115542,95],{"class":63},[49,115544,9215],{"class":85},[49,115546,115547,115549,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559,115561],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,115548,15577],{"class":55},[49,115550,32],{"class":85},[49,115552,81982],{"class":88},[49,115554,92],{"class":85},[49,115556,95],{"class":63},[49,115558,36952],{"class":67},[49,115560,95],{"class":63},[49,115562,103],{"class":85},[49,115564,115565],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,115566,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115568,115569,115571,115573,115575],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,115570,110],{"class":109},[49,115572,92],{"class":85},[49,115574,15577],{"class":88},[49,115576,103],{"class":85},[49,115578,115579],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,115580,114767],{"class":121},[181,115582,1704],{"id":1703},[353,115584,1720,115586,97170],{"id":115585},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115587,97191],{},[20,115589,97173,115590,32],{},[15,115591,3684],{},[353,115593,1760,115594,32133],{"id":32130},[15,115595,14864],{},[20,115597,115598],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[353,115600,1740,115602,380,115604,2394],{"id":115601},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115603,96080],{},[15,115605,14864],{},[20,115607,115608,115610,115611,115613],{},[15,115609,96080],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115612,14864],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[353,115615,115617],{"id":115616},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115619,115620,115621,114616],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115622,14864],{},[353,115624,115626],{"id":115625},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115628,35,115629,10999,115631,32],{},[15,115630,102675],{},[15,115632,14864],{},[181,115634,1775],{"id":1774},[194,115636,115637,115644,115651,115657,115663],{},[197,115638,115639],{},[820,115640,115641],{"href":98377},[15,115642,115643],{},"Python set add() method",[197,115645,115646],{},[820,115647,115648],{"href":102672},[15,115649,115650],{},"Python set union() method",[197,115652,115653],{},[820,115654,115655],{"href":97760},[15,115656,97215],{},[197,115658,115659],{},[820,115660,115661],{"href":98954},[15,115662,100220],{},[197,115664,115665],{},[820,115666,115667,115669],{"href":52498},[15,115668,115436],{}," fix",[20,115671,115672,115673,115675,115676,115678],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115674,96085],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115677,107919],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1834,115680,115681],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":115683},[115684,115685,115687,115688,115689,115690,115691,115692,115694,115699,115706,115715],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":113914,"depth":74,"text":115686},"What set.update() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":21879,"depth":74,"text":21880},{"id":114300,"depth":74,"text":114301},{"id":114403,"depth":74,"text":114404},{"id":114610,"depth":74,"text":114611},{"id":114770,"depth":74,"text":115693},"update() vs add()",{"id":114990,"depth":74,"text":115695,"children":115696},"update() vs union()",[115697,115698],{"id":30370,"depth":106,"text":14864},{"id":111145,"depth":106,"text":102675},{"id":115190,"depth":74,"text":115191,"children":115700},[115701,115702,115703,115704],{"id":115198,"depth":106,"text":115199},{"id":115328,"depth":106,"text":115329},{"id":115439,"depth":106,"text":115440},{"id":115511,"depth":106,"text":115705},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":115707},[115708,115710,115711,115713,115714],{"id":115585,"depth":106,"text":115709},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32130,"depth":106,"text":32203},{"id":115601,"depth":106,"text":115712},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115616,"depth":106,"text":115617},{"id":115625,"depth":106,"text":115626},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113826,"description":115716},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115722,"title":115723,"body":115724,"description":117490,"extension":1866,"meta":117491,"navigation":128,"path":13699,"seo":117492,"stem":117493,"__hash__":117494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115725,"toc":117465},[115726,115729,115732,115735,115746,115754,115757,115759,115908,115920,115924,115941,115945,115953,115955,115966,115968,116065,116071,116074,116170,116179,116184,116188,116193,116195,116205,116207,116316,116324,116328,116331,116334,116351,116357,116437,116440,116444,116447,116451,116454,116513,116516,116520,116523,116615,116619,116622,116729,116733,116739,116767,116769,116851,116861,116865,116868,116879,116882,116967,116970,116975,116979,116982,116993,116996,117138,117141,117145,117148,117162,117165,117226,117232,117234,117237,117259,117262,117362,117365,117397,117399,117403,117406,117408,117411,117415,117418,117422,117425,117429,117432,117434,117462],[10,115727,115723],{"id":115728},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115730,115731],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115733,115734],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[194,115736,115737,115740,115743],{},[197,115738,115739],{},"a list inside another list",[197,115741,115742],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[197,115744,115745],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115747,100142,115748,380,115750,115753],{},[666,115749,12758],{},[666,115751,115752],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115755,115756],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[181,115758,1907],{"id":1906},[40,115760,115762],{"className":42,"code":115761,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115763,115764,115771,115775,115801,115821,115841,115845,115863,115867,115880,115894],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115765,115766,115768],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115767,34997],{"class":1210},[49,115769,115770],{"class":55}," copy\n",[49,115772,115773],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,115774,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115776,115777,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789,115791,115793,115795,115797,115799],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,115778,11993],{"class":55},[49,115780,60],{"class":59},[49,115782,56191],{"class":85},[49,115784,1223],{"class":458},[49,115786,341],{"class":85},[49,115788,2896],{"class":458},[49,115790,17972],{"class":85},[49,115792,3530],{"class":85},[49,115794,1965],{"class":458},[49,115796,341],{"class":85},[49,115798,808],{"class":458},[49,115800,53140],{"class":85},[49,115802,115803,115806,115808,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,115804,115805],{"class":55},"shallow ",[49,115807,60],{"class":59},[49,115809,115810],{"class":55}," copy",[49,115812,32],{"class":85},[49,115814,12819],{"class":88},[49,115816,92],{"class":85},[49,115818,12040],{"class":88},[49,115820,103],{"class":85},[49,115822,115823,115826,115828,115830,115832,115835,115837,115839],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,115824,115825],{"class":55},"deep ",[49,115827,60],{"class":59},[49,115829,115810],{"class":55},[49,115831,32],{"class":85},[49,115833,115834],{"class":88},"deepcopy",[49,115836,92],{"class":85},[49,115838,12040],{"class":88},[49,115840,103],{"class":85},[49,115842,115843],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,115844,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115846,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855,115857,115859,115861],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,115848,12040],{"class":55},[49,115850,1256],{"class":85},[49,115852,516],{"class":458},[49,115854,13459],{"class":85},[49,115856,13462],{"class":88},[49,115858,92],{"class":85},[49,115860,56244],{"class":458},[49,115862,103],{"class":85},[49,115864,115865],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,115866,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,115868,115869,115871,115873,115875,115877],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,115870,110],{"class":109},[49,115872,92],{"class":85},[49,115874,12040],{"class":88},[49,115876,118],{"class":85},[49,115878,115879],{"class":121},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[49,115881,115882,115884,115886,115889,115891],{"class":51,"line":6342},[49,115883,110],{"class":109},[49,115885,92],{"class":85},[49,115887,115888],{"class":88},"shallow",[49,115890,118],{"class":85},[49,115892,115893],{"class":121},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[49,115895,115896,115898,115900,115903,115905],{"class":51,"line":11501},[49,115897,110],{"class":109},[49,115899,92],{"class":85},[49,115901,115902],{"class":88},"deep",[49,115904,118],{"class":85},[49,115906,115907],{"class":121},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115909,35,115910,115913,115914,380,115916,115919],{},[15,115911,115912],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[666,115915,12758],{},[15,115917,115918],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[181,115921,115923],{"id":115922},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[194,115925,115926,115929,115932,115935,115938],{},[197,115927,115928],{},"What a copy means in Python",[197,115930,115931],{},"How shallow copy works",[197,115933,115934],{},"How deep copy works",[197,115936,115937],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[197,115939,115940],{},"When to use each approach",[181,115942,115944],{"id":115943},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115946,15099,115947,115949,115950,115952],{},[666,115948,12758],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[666,115951,4536],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115954,2011],{},[194,115956,115957,115960,115963],{},[197,115958,115959],{},"the outer container is new",[197,115961,115962],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[197,115964,115965],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115967,214],{},[40,115969,115971],{"className":42,"code":115970,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115972,115973,115999,116013,116017,116035,116039,116052],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,115974,115975,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,115976,11993],{"class":55},[49,115978,60],{"class":59},[49,115980,56191],{"class":85},[49,115982,1223],{"class":458},[49,115984,341],{"class":85},[49,115986,2896],{"class":458},[49,115988,17972],{"class":85},[49,115990,3530],{"class":85},[49,115992,1965],{"class":458},[49,115994,341],{"class":85},[49,115996,808],{"class":458},[49,115998,53140],{"class":85},[49,116000,116001,116003,116005,116007,116009,116011],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,116002,14221],{"class":55},[49,116004,60],{"class":59},[49,116006,12068],{"class":55},[49,116008,32],{"class":85},[49,116010,12819],{"class":88},[49,116012,8548],{"class":85},[49,116014,116015],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,116016,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116018,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027,116029,116031,116033],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,116020,14240],{"class":55},[49,116022,32],{"class":85},[49,116024,13462],{"class":88},[49,116026,2889],{"class":85},[49,116028,2040],{"class":458},[49,116030,341],{"class":85},[49,116032,37548],{"class":458},[49,116034,3794],{"class":85},[49,116036,116037],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,116038,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116040,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,116042,110],{"class":109},[49,116044,92],{"class":85},[49,116046,12040],{"class":88},[49,116048,118],{"class":85},[49,116050,116051],{"class":121},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[49,116053,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,116055,110],{"class":109},[49,116057,92],{"class":85},[49,116059,14240],{"class":88},[49,116061,118],{"class":85},[49,116063,116064],{"class":121},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116066,116067,116068,116070],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116069,14240],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116072,116073],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[40,116075,116077],{"className":42,"code":116076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116078,116079,116105,116119,116123,116141,116145,116157],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116080,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093,116095,116097,116099,116101,116103],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116082,11993],{"class":55},[49,116084,60],{"class":59},[49,116086,56191],{"class":85},[49,116088,1223],{"class":458},[49,116090,341],{"class":85},[49,116092,2896],{"class":458},[49,116094,17972],{"class":85},[49,116096,3530],{"class":85},[49,116098,1965],{"class":458},[49,116100,341],{"class":85},[49,116102,808],{"class":458},[49,116104,53140],{"class":85},[49,116106,116107,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,116108,14221],{"class":55},[49,116110,60],{"class":59},[49,116112,12068],{"class":55},[49,116114,32],{"class":85},[49,116116,12819],{"class":88},[49,116118,8548],{"class":85},[49,116120,116121],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,116122,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116124,116125,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,116126,14240],{"class":55},[49,116128,1256],{"class":85},[49,116130,516],{"class":458},[49,116132,13459],{"class":85},[49,116134,13462],{"class":88},[49,116136,92],{"class":85},[49,116138,56244],{"class":458},[49,116140,103],{"class":85},[49,116142,116143],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,116144,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116146,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,116148,110],{"class":109},[49,116150,92],{"class":85},[49,116152,12040],{"class":88},[49,116154,118],{"class":85},[49,116156,115879],{"class":121},[49,116158,116159,116161,116163,116165,116167],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,116160,110],{"class":109},[49,116162,92],{"class":85},[49,116164,14240],{"class":88},[49,116166,118],{"class":85},[49,116168,116169],{"class":121},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116171,116172,116173,380,116175,116178],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116174,56348],{},[15,116176,116177],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116180,116181,116182,32],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[820,116183,43835],{"href":11972},[181,116185,116187],{"id":116186},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116189,15099,116190,116192],{},[666,116191,115752],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116194,2011],{},[194,116196,116197,116199,116202],{},[197,116198,115959],{},[197,116200,116201],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[197,116203,116204],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116206,214],{},[40,116208,116210],{"className":42,"code":116209,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116211,116212,116218,116222,116248,116266,116270,116288,116292,116304],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116213,116214,116216],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116215,34997],{"class":1210},[49,116217,115770],{"class":55},[49,116219,116220],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,116221,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116223,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,116225,11993],{"class":55},[49,116227,60],{"class":59},[49,116229,56191],{"class":85},[49,116231,1223],{"class":458},[49,116233,341],{"class":85},[49,116235,2896],{"class":458},[49,116237,17972],{"class":85},[49,116239,3530],{"class":85},[49,116241,1965],{"class":458},[49,116243,341],{"class":85},[49,116245,808],{"class":458},[49,116247,53140],{"class":85},[49,116249,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,116251,14221],{"class":55},[49,116253,60],{"class":59},[49,116255,115810],{"class":55},[49,116257,32],{"class":85},[49,116259,115834],{"class":88},[49,116261,92],{"class":85},[49,116263,12040],{"class":88},[49,116265,103],{"class":85},[49,116267,116268],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,116269,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116271,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282,116284,116286],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,116273,14240],{"class":55},[49,116275,1256],{"class":85},[49,116277,516],{"class":458},[49,116279,13459],{"class":85},[49,116281,13462],{"class":88},[49,116283,92],{"class":85},[49,116285,56244],{"class":458},[49,116287,103],{"class":85},[49,116289,116290],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,116291,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116293,116294,116296,116298,116300,116302],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,116295,110],{"class":109},[49,116297,92],{"class":85},[49,116299,12040],{"class":88},[49,116301,118],{"class":85},[49,116303,116051],{"class":121},[49,116305,116306,116308,116310,116312,116314],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,116307,110],{"class":109},[49,116309,92],{"class":85},[49,116311,14240],{"class":88},[49,116313,118],{"class":85},[49,116315,116169],{"class":121},[20,116317,116318,116319,116321,116322,32],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116320,116177],{}," does not change ",[15,116323,56348],{},[181,116325,116327],{"id":116326},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116329,116330],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116332,116333],{},"Common reasons:",[194,116335,116336,116339,116342,116348],{},[197,116337,116338],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[197,116340,116341],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[197,116343,116344,116345,116347],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116346,60],{}," does not make a copy",[197,116349,116350],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116352,116353,116354,116356],{},"For example, this does ",[666,116355,4536],{}," create a copy:",[40,116358,116360],{"className":42,"code":116359,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116361,116362,116382,116390,116394,116408,116412,116424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116363,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116365,11993],{"class":55},[49,116367,60],{"class":59},[49,116369,3530],{"class":85},[49,116371,1223],{"class":458},[49,116373,341],{"class":85},[49,116375,2896],{"class":458},[49,116377,341],{"class":85},[49,116379,2354],{"class":458},[49,116381,1244],{"class":85},[49,116383,116384,116386,116388],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,116385,14221],{"class":55},[49,116387,60],{"class":59},[49,116389,12031],{"class":55},[49,116391,116392],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,116393,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116395,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,116397,14240],{"class":55},[49,116399,32],{"class":85},[49,116401,13462],{"class":88},[49,116403,92],{"class":85},[49,116405,2407],{"class":458},[49,116407,103],{"class":85},[49,116409,116410],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,116411,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116413,116414,116416,116418,116420,116422],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,116415,110],{"class":109},[49,116417,92],{"class":85},[49,116419,12040],{"class":88},[49,116421,118],{"class":85},[49,116423,55598],{"class":121},[49,116425,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,116427,110],{"class":109},[49,116429,92],{"class":85},[49,116431,14240],{"class":88},[49,116433,118],{"class":85},[49,116435,116436],{"class":121},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116438,116439],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[181,116441,116443],{"id":116442},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116445,116446],{},"These three ideas are different.",[353,116448,116450],{"id":116449},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116452,116453],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[40,116455,116457],{"className":42,"code":116456,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116458,116459,116485,116493,116497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116460,116461,116463,116465,116467,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116462,11993],{"class":55},[49,116464,60],{"class":59},[49,116466,56191],{"class":85},[49,116468,1223],{"class":458},[49,116470,341],{"class":85},[49,116472,2896],{"class":458},[49,116474,17972],{"class":85},[49,116476,3530],{"class":85},[49,116478,1965],{"class":458},[49,116480,341],{"class":85},[49,116482,808],{"class":458},[49,116484,53140],{"class":85},[49,116486,116487,116489,116491],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,116488,14012],{"class":55},[49,116490,60],{"class":59},[49,116492,12031],{"class":55},[49,116494,116495],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,116496,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116498,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509,116511],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,116500,110],{"class":109},[49,116502,92],{"class":85},[49,116504,11993],{"class":88},[49,116506,12101],{"class":1210},[49,116508,14080],{"class":88},[49,116510,118],{"class":85},[49,116512,3571],{"class":121},[20,116514,116515],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[353,116517,116519],{"id":116518},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116521,116522],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[40,116524,116526],{"className":42,"code":116525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116527,116528,116554,116568,116572,116589],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116529,116530,116532,116534,116536,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550,116552],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116531,11993],{"class":55},[49,116533,60],{"class":59},[49,116535,56191],{"class":85},[49,116537,1223],{"class":458},[49,116539,341],{"class":85},[49,116541,2896],{"class":458},[49,116543,17972],{"class":85},[49,116545,3530],{"class":85},[49,116547,1965],{"class":458},[49,116549,341],{"class":85},[49,116551,808],{"class":458},[49,116553,53140],{"class":85},[49,116555,116556,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,116557,115805],{"class":55},[49,116559,60],{"class":59},[49,116561,12068],{"class":55},[49,116563,32],{"class":85},[49,116565,12819],{"class":88},[49,116567,8548],{"class":85},[49,116569,116570],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,116571,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116573,116574,116576,116578,116580,116582,116585,116587],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,116575,110],{"class":109},[49,116577,92],{"class":85},[49,116579,11993],{"class":88},[49,116581,12101],{"class":1210},[49,116583,116584],{"class":88}," shallow",[49,116586,118],{"class":85},[49,116588,21110],{"class":121},[49,116590,116591,116593,116595,116597,116599,116601,116603,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,116592,110],{"class":109},[49,116594,92],{"class":85},[49,116596,12040],{"class":88},[49,116598,1256],{"class":85},[49,116600,516],{"class":458},[49,116602,13182],{"class":85},[49,116604,8005],{"class":1210},[49,116606,116584],{"class":88},[49,116608,1256],{"class":85},[49,116610,516],{"class":458},[49,116612,20357],{"class":85},[49,116614,3571],{"class":121},[353,116616,116618],{"id":116617},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116620,116621],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[40,116623,116625],{"className":42,"code":116624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116626,116627,116633,116637,116663,116681,116685,116703],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116628,116629,116631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116630,34997],{"class":1210},[49,116632,115770],{"class":55},[49,116634,116635],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,116636,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116638,116639,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653,116655,116657,116659,116661],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,116640,11993],{"class":55},[49,116642,60],{"class":59},[49,116644,56191],{"class":85},[49,116646,1223],{"class":458},[49,116648,341],{"class":85},[49,116650,2896],{"class":458},[49,116652,17972],{"class":85},[49,116654,3530],{"class":85},[49,116656,1965],{"class":458},[49,116658,341],{"class":85},[49,116660,808],{"class":458},[49,116662,53140],{"class":85},[49,116664,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,116666,115825],{"class":55},[49,116668,60],{"class":59},[49,116670,115810],{"class":55},[49,116672,32],{"class":85},[49,116674,115834],{"class":88},[49,116676,92],{"class":85},[49,116678,12040],{"class":88},[49,116680,103],{"class":85},[49,116682,116683],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,116684,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116686,116687,116689,116691,116693,116695,116698,116700],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,116688,110],{"class":109},[49,116690,92],{"class":85},[49,116692,11993],{"class":88},[49,116694,12101],{"class":1210},[49,116696,116697],{"class":88}," deep",[49,116699,118],{"class":85},[49,116701,116702],{"class":121},"         # False\n",[49,116704,116705,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717,116719,116721,116723,116725,116727],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,116706,110],{"class":109},[49,116708,92],{"class":85},[49,116710,12040],{"class":88},[49,116712,1256],{"class":85},[49,116714,516],{"class":458},[49,116716,13182],{"class":85},[49,116718,8005],{"class":1210},[49,116720,116697],{"class":88},[49,116722,1256],{"class":85},[49,116724,516],{"class":458},[49,116726,20357],{"class":85},[49,116728,43771],{"class":121},[181,116730,116732],{"id":116731},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116734,116735,116736,1197],{},"These all make ",[666,116737,116738],{},"shallow copies",[194,116740,116741,116745,116749,116754,116760],{},[197,116742,116743],{},[15,116744,55498],{},[197,116746,116747],{},[15,116748,12342],{},[197,116750,116751],{},[15,116752,116753],{},"set.copy()",[197,116755,116756,116757],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116758,116759],{},"my_list[:]",[197,116761,116762,116764,116765,34987],{},[15,116763,115912],{}," from the ",[15,116766,12819],{},[20,116768,2029],{},[40,116770,116772],{"className":42,"code":116771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116773,116774,116794,116798,116812,116823,116827,116839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116775,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784,116786,116788,116790,116792],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116777,3525],{"class":55},[49,116779,60],{"class":59},[49,116781,3530],{"class":85},[49,116783,1223],{"class":458},[49,116785,341],{"class":85},[49,116787,2896],{"class":458},[49,116789,341],{"class":85},[49,116791,2354],{"class":458},[49,116793,1244],{"class":85},[49,116795,116796],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,116797,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116799,116800,116802,116804,116806,116808,116810],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,116801,2457],{"class":55},[49,116803,60],{"class":59},[49,116805,4169],{"class":55},[49,116807,32],{"class":85},[49,116809,12819],{"class":88},[49,116811,8548],{"class":85},[49,116813,116814,116816,116818,116820],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,116815,2485],{"class":55},[49,116817,60],{"class":59},[49,116819,4169],{"class":55},[49,116821,116822],{"class":85},"[:]\n",[49,116824,116825],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,116826,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116828,116829,116831,116833,116835,116837],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,116830,110],{"class":109},[49,116832,92],{"class":85},[49,116834,820],{"class":88},[49,116836,118],{"class":85},[49,116838,54830],{"class":121},[49,116840,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,116842,110],{"class":109},[49,116844,92],{"class":85},[49,116846,4667],{"class":88},[49,116848,118],{"class":85},[49,116850,54830],{"class":121},[20,116852,73020,116853,47433,116857,32],{},[820,116854,116855,1785],{"href":54858},[15,116856,55498],{},[820,116858,116859,1785],{"href":12339},[15,116860,12342],{},[181,116862,116864],{"id":116863},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116866,116867],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[194,116869,116870,116873,116876],{},[197,116871,116872],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[197,116874,116875],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[197,116877,116878],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116880,116881],{},"Example with a flat list:",[40,116883,116885],{"className":42,"code":116884,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116886,116887,116907,116921,116925,116939,116943,116955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,116888,116889,116891,116893,116895,116897,116899,116901,116903,116905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,116890,11993],{"class":55},[49,116892,60],{"class":59},[49,116894,3530],{"class":85},[49,116896,1223],{"class":458},[49,116898,341],{"class":85},[49,116900,2896],{"class":458},[49,116902,341],{"class":85},[49,116904,2354],{"class":458},[49,116906,1244],{"class":85},[49,116908,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,116910,14221],{"class":55},[49,116912,60],{"class":59},[49,116914,12068],{"class":55},[49,116916,32],{"class":85},[49,116918,12819],{"class":88},[49,116920,8548],{"class":85},[49,116922,116923],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,116924,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116926,116927,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,116928,14240],{"class":55},[49,116930,32],{"class":85},[49,116932,13462],{"class":88},[49,116934,92],{"class":85},[49,116936,2407],{"class":458},[49,116938,103],{"class":85},[49,116940,116941],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,116942,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,116944,116945,116947,116949,116951,116953],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,116946,110],{"class":109},[49,116948,92],{"class":85},[49,116950,12040],{"class":88},[49,116952,118],{"class":85},[49,116954,54830],{"class":121},[49,116956,116957,116959,116961,116963,116965],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,116958,110],{"class":109},[49,116960,92],{"class":85},[49,116962,14240],{"class":88},[49,116964,118],{"class":85},[49,116966,116436],{"class":121},[20,116968,116969],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116971,116972,116973,32],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[820,116974,14798],{"href":57117},[181,116976,116978],{"id":116977},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116980,116981],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[194,116983,116984,116987,116990],{},[197,116985,116986],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[197,116988,116989],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[197,116991,116992],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116994,116995],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[40,116997,116999],{"className":42,"code":116998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117000,117001,117007,117011,117037,117051,117069,117073,117095,117099,117112,117125],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117002,117003,117005],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117004,34997],{"class":1210},[49,117006,115770],{"class":55},[49,117008,117009],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,117010,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,117012,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,117014,11993],{"class":55},[49,117016,60],{"class":59},[49,117018,10398],{"class":85},[49,117020,95],{"class":63},[49,117022,16300],{"class":67},[49,117024,95],{"class":63},[49,117026,1197],{"class":85},[49,117028,3530],{"class":85},[49,117030,2233],{"class":458},[49,117032,341],{"class":85},[49,117034,7698],{"class":458},[49,117036,13615],{"class":85},[49,117038,117039,117041,117043,117045,117047,117049],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,117040,115805],{"class":55},[49,117042,60],{"class":59},[49,117044,12068],{"class":55},[49,117046,32],{"class":85},[49,117048,12819],{"class":88},[49,117050,8548],{"class":85},[49,117052,117053,117055,117057,117059,117061,117063,117065,117067],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,117054,115825],{"class":55},[49,117056,60],{"class":59},[49,117058,115810],{"class":55},[49,117060,32],{"class":85},[49,117062,115834],{"class":88},[49,117064,92],{"class":85},[49,117066,12040],{"class":88},[49,117068,103],{"class":85},[49,117070,117071],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,117072,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,117074,117075,117077,117079,117081,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,117076,12040],{"class":55},[49,117078,1256],{"class":85},[49,117080,95],{"class":63},[49,117082,16300],{"class":67},[49,117084,95],{"class":63},[49,117086,13459],{"class":85},[49,117088,13462],{"class":88},[49,117090,92],{"class":85},[49,117092,36746],{"class":458},[49,117094,103],{"class":85},[49,117096,117097],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,117098,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,117100,117101,117103,117105,117107,117109],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,117102,110],{"class":109},[49,117104,92],{"class":85},[49,117106,12040],{"class":88},[49,117108,118],{"class":85},[49,117110,117111],{"class":121},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[49,117113,117114,117116,117118,117120,117122],{"class":51,"line":6342},[49,117115,110],{"class":109},[49,117117,92],{"class":85},[49,117119,115888],{"class":88},[49,117121,118],{"class":85},[49,117123,117124],{"class":121},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[49,117126,117127,117129,117131,117133,117135],{"class":51,"line":11501},[49,117128,110],{"class":109},[49,117130,92],{"class":85},[49,117132,115902],{"class":88},[49,117134,118],{"class":85},[49,117136,117137],{"class":121},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117139,117140],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[181,117142,117144],{"id":117143},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117146,117147],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[194,117149,117150,117153,117156,117159],{},[197,117151,117152],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[197,117154,117155],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[197,117157,117158],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[197,117160,117161],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117163,117164],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[40,117166,117168],{"className":42,"code":117167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117169,117170,117178,117186,117190,117198,117202,117214],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117171,117172,117174,117176],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117173,2457],{"class":55},[49,117175,60],{"class":59},[49,117177,2490],{"class":458},[49,117179,117180,117182,117184],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,117181,2485],{"class":55},[49,117183,60],{"class":59},[49,117185,36079],{"class":55},[49,117187,117188],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,117189,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,117191,117192,117194,117196],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,117193,2485],{"class":55},[49,117195,60],{"class":59},[49,117197,14524],{"class":458},[49,117199,117200],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,117201,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,117203,117204,117206,117208,117210,117212],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,117205,110],{"class":109},[49,117207,92],{"class":85},[49,117209,820],{"class":88},[49,117211,118],{"class":85},[49,117213,26702],{"class":121},[49,117215,117216,117218,117220,117222,117224],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,117217,110],{"class":109},[49,117219,92],{"class":85},[49,117221,4667],{"class":88},[49,117223,118],{"class":85},[49,117225,27521],{"class":121},[20,117227,93385,117228,117231],{},[820,117229,117230],{"href":11972},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[181,117233,1308],{"id":1307},[20,117235,117236],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[194,117238,117239,117243,117248,117253,117256],{},[197,117240,644,117241,56681],{},[15,117242,60],{},[197,117244,644,117245,117247],{},[15,117246,55498],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[197,117249,644,117250,117252],{},[15,117251,12342],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[197,117254,117255],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[197,117257,117258],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117260,117261],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[40,117263,117265],{"className":42,"code":117264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117266,117267,117281,117295,117317,117348],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117268,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117270,110],{"class":109},[49,117272,92],{"class":85},[49,117274,11993],{"class":88},[49,117276,12101],{"class":1210},[49,117278,14294],{"class":88},[49,117280,103],{"class":85},[49,117282,117283,117285,117287,117289,117291,117293],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,117284,110],{"class":109},[49,117286,92],{"class":85},[49,117288,11993],{"class":88},[49,117290,4594],{"class":59},[49,117292,14294],{"class":88},[49,117294,103],{"class":85},[49,117296,117297,117299,117301,117303,117305,117307,117309,117311,117313,117315],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,117298,110],{"class":109},[49,117300,92],{"class":85},[49,117302,12557],{"class":109},[49,117304,92],{"class":85},[49,117306,12040],{"class":88},[49,117308,9139],{"class":85},[49,117310,14726],{"class":109},[49,117312,92],{"class":85},[49,117314,14240],{"class":88},[49,117316,1581],{"class":85},[49,117318,117319,117321,117323,117325,117327,117329,117331,117333,117336,117338,117340,117342,117344,117346],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,117320,110],{"class":109},[49,117322,92],{"class":85},[49,117324,12557],{"class":109},[49,117326,92],{"class":85},[49,117328,12040],{"class":88},[49,117330,1256],{"class":85},[49,117332,516],{"class":458},[49,117334,117335],{"class":85},"]),",[49,117337,14726],{"class":109},[49,117339,92],{"class":85},[49,117341,14240],{"class":88},[49,117343,1256],{"class":85},[49,117345,516],{"class":458},[49,117347,2903],{"class":85},[49,117349,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,117351,110],{"class":109},[49,117353,92],{"class":85},[49,117355,3127],{"class":2804},[49,117357,92],{"class":85},[49,117359,12040],{"class":88},[49,117361,1581],{"class":85},[20,117363,117364],{},"What they tell you:",[194,117366,117367,117372,117377,117382,117392],{},[197,117368,117369,117371],{},[15,117370,12101],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[197,117373,117374,117376],{},[15,117375,4594],{}," checks whether values are equal",[197,117378,117379,117381],{},[15,117380,43388],{}," shows the identity of an object",[197,117383,117384,117385,380,117388,117391],{},"comparing ",[15,117386,117387],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117389,117390],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[197,117393,117394,117396],{},[15,117395,2204],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[181,117398,1704],{"id":1703},[353,117400,117402],{"id":117401},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117404,117405],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[353,117407,57167],{"id":57082},[20,117409,117410],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[353,117412,117414],{"id":117413},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117416,117417],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[353,117419,117421],{"id":117420},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117423,117424],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[353,117426,117428],{"id":117427},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117430,117431],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[181,117433,1775],{"id":1774},[194,117435,117436,117441,117447,117453,117457],{},[197,117437,117438],{},[820,117439,117440],{"href":11972},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[197,117442,117443],{},[820,117444,3482,117445,1785],{"href":54858},[15,117446,55498],{},[197,117448,117449],{},[820,117450,3482,117451,1785],{"href":12339},[15,117452,12342],{},[197,117454,117455],{},[820,117456,14875],{"href":57117},[197,117458,117459],{},[820,117460,117461],{"href":58390},"What is a list in Python?",[1834,117463,117464],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":117466},[117467,117468,117469,117470,117471,117472,117477,117478,117479,117480,117481,117482,117489],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":115922,"depth":74,"text":115923},{"id":115943,"depth":74,"text":115944},{"id":116186,"depth":74,"text":116187},{"id":116326,"depth":74,"text":116327},{"id":116442,"depth":74,"text":116443,"children":117473},[117474,117475,117476],{"id":116449,"depth":106,"text":116450},{"id":116518,"depth":106,"text":116519},{"id":116617,"depth":106,"text":116618},{"id":116731,"depth":74,"text":116732},{"id":116863,"depth":74,"text":116864},{"id":116977,"depth":74,"text":116978},{"id":117143,"depth":74,"text":117144},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":117483},[117484,117485,117486,117487,117488],{"id":117401,"depth":106,"text":117402},{"id":57082,"depth":106,"text":57167},{"id":117413,"depth":106,"text":117414},{"id":117420,"depth":106,"text":117421},{"id":117427,"depth":106,"text":117428},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115723,"description":117490},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117496,"title":117497,"body":117498,"description":119355,"extension":1866,"meta":119356,"navigation":128,"path":119357,"seo":119358,"stem":119359,"__hash__":119360},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117499,"toc":119313},[117500,117505,117510,117518,117520,117588,117593,117598,117613,117616,117618,117649,117651,117671,117674,117689,117691,117694,117767,117769,117814,117816,117827,117832,117836,117841,117844,117883,117885,117905,117908,117965,117967,118002,118005,118044,118046,118066,118069,118100,118102,118158,118160,118165,118236,118238,118271,118276,118281,118346,118348,118385,118388,118465,118467,118527,118534,118539,118542,118545,118626,118628,118669,118674,118677,118755,118757,118790,118799,118806,118809,118820,118823,118834,118838,118846,118855,118859,118864,118868,118873,118916,118919,118925,118928,118930,118977,118982,118986,118989,119038,119040,119061,119064,119066,119091,119094,119215,119220,119222,119227,119230,119235,119238,119246,119251,119258,119261,119269,119272,119274,119310],[10,117501,3482,117503,3486],{"id":117502},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117504,74303],{},[20,117506,117507,117509],{},[15,117508,74303],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117511,117512,117513,2091,117515,117517],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117514,77744],{},[15,117516,74303],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[181,117519,3515],{"id":3514},[40,117521,117523],{"className":42,"code":117522,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117524,117525,117545,117559,117563,117575],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117526,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117528,3525],{"class":55},[49,117530,60],{"class":59},[49,117532,3530],{"class":85},[49,117534,1965],{"class":458},[49,117536,341],{"class":85},[49,117538,1264],{"class":458},[49,117540,341],{"class":85},[49,117542,2896],{"class":458},[49,117544,1244],{"class":85},[49,117546,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,117548,2131],{"class":55},[49,117550,60],{"class":59},[49,117552,74437],{"class":109},[49,117554,92],{"class":85},[49,117556,3556],{"class":88},[49,117558,103],{"class":85},[49,117560,117561],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,117562,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,117564,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,117566,110],{"class":109},[49,117568,92],{"class":85},[49,117570,2166],{"class":88},[49,117572,118],{"class":85},[49,117574,55585],{"class":121},[49,117576,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,117578,110],{"class":109},[49,117580,92],{"class":85},[49,117582,3556],{"class":88},[49,117584,118],{"class":85},[49,117586,117587],{"class":121},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117589,117590,117592],{},[15,117591,74303],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[181,117594,184,117596,187],{"id":117595},"what-sorted-does",[15,117597,74303],{},[194,117599,117600,117604,117607,117610],{},[197,117601,117602,62816],{},[15,117603,74303],{},[197,117605,117606],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[197,117608,117609],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[197,117611,117612],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117614,117615],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[181,117617,316],{"id":315},[40,117619,117621],{"className":42,"code":117620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117622,117623],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117624,117625,117627,117629,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117626,74393],{"class":109},[49,117628,92],{"class":85},[49,117630,3626],{"class":88},[49,117632,341],{"class":85},[49,117634,21489],{"class":9081},[49,117636,60],{"class":59},[49,117638,3684],{"class":3757},[49,117640,341],{"class":85},[49,117642,77947],{"class":9081},[49,117644,60],{"class":59},[49,117646,637],{"class":3757},[49,117648,103],{"class":85},[353,117650,356],{"id":355},[194,117652,117653,117658,117663],{},[197,117654,117655,117657],{},[15,117656,3626],{},": the values to sort",[197,117659,117660,117662],{},[15,117661,14751],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[197,117664,117665,117667,117668,117670],{},[15,117666,73456],{},": set to ",[15,117669,633],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117672,117673],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[40,117675,117677],{"className":42,"code":117676,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117678,117679],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117680,117681,117683,117685,117687],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117682,74393],{"class":109},[49,117684,92],{"class":85},[49,117686,60203],{"class":88},[49,117688,103],{"class":85},[181,117690,11381],{"id":11380},[20,117692,117693],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[40,117695,117697],{"className":42,"code":117696,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117698,117699,117723,117727,117742,117746,117757],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117700,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117702,3525],{"class":55},[49,117704,60],{"class":59},[49,117706,3530],{"class":85},[49,117708,2040],{"class":458},[49,117710,341],{"class":85},[49,117712,2896],{"class":458},[49,117714,341],{"class":85},[49,117716,6267],{"class":458},[49,117718,341],{"class":85},[49,117720,1264],{"class":458},[49,117722,1244],{"class":85},[49,117724,117725],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,117726,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,117728,117729,117732,117734,117736,117738,117740],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,117730,117731],{"class":55},"sorted_numbers ",[49,117733,60],{"class":59},[49,117735,74437],{"class":109},[49,117737,92],{"class":85},[49,117739,3556],{"class":88},[49,117741,103],{"class":85},[49,117743,117744],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,117745,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,117747,117748,117750,117752,117755],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,117749,110],{"class":109},[49,117751,92],{"class":85},[49,117753,117754],{"class":88},"sorted_numbers",[49,117756,103],{"class":85},[49,117758,117759,117761,117763,117765],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,117760,110],{"class":109},[49,117762,92],{"class":85},[49,117764,3556],{"class":88},[49,117766,103],{"class":85},[20,117768,1974],{},[40,117770,117772],{"className":42,"code":117771,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117773,117774,117794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117775,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117777,1256],{"class":85},[49,117779,1223],{"class":458},[49,117781,341],{"class":85},[49,117783,2896],{"class":458},[49,117785,341],{"class":85},[49,117787,459],{"class":458},[49,117789,341],{"class":85},[49,117791,6267],{"class":458},[49,117793,1244],{"class":85},[49,117795,117796,117798,117800,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,117797,1256],{"class":85},[49,117799,2040],{"class":458},[49,117801,341],{"class":85},[49,117803,2896],{"class":458},[49,117805,341],{"class":85},[49,117807,6267],{"class":458},[49,117809,341],{"class":85},[49,117811,1264],{"class":458},[49,117813,1244],{"class":85},[20,117815,13672],{},[194,117817,117818,117823],{},[197,117819,117820,117822],{},[15,117821,117754],{}," is a new sorted list",[197,117824,117825,112359],{},[15,117826,3556],{},[20,117828,117829,117830,32],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[820,117831,78254],{"href":78253},[181,117833,117835],{"id":117834},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117837,117838,117840],{},[15,117839,74303],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[353,117842,117843],{"id":8002},"List",[40,117845,117847],{"className":42,"code":117846,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117848,117849,117869],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117850,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117852,3525],{"class":55},[49,117854,60],{"class":59},[49,117856,3530],{"class":85},[49,117858,1965],{"class":458},[49,117860,341],{"class":85},[49,117862,1264],{"class":458},[49,117864,341],{"class":85},[49,117866,2896],{"class":458},[49,117868,1244],{"class":85},[49,117870,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,117872,110],{"class":109},[49,117874,92],{"class":85},[49,117876,74393],{"class":109},[49,117878,92],{"class":85},[49,117880,3556],{"class":88},[49,117882,1581],{"class":85},[20,117884,1974],{},[40,117886,117887],{"className":42,"code":55047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,117888,117889],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117890,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117892,1256],{"class":85},[49,117894,1223],{"class":458},[49,117896,341],{"class":85},[49,117898,2896],{"class":458},[49,117900,341],{"class":85},[49,117902,2354],{"class":458},[49,117904,1244],{"class":85},[353,117906,117907],{"id":48853},"Tuple",[40,117909,117911],{"className":42,"code":117910,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117912,117913,117933,117947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117914,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117916,3729],{"class":55},[49,117918,60],{"class":59},[49,117920,9142],{"class":85},[49,117922,1965],{"class":458},[49,117924,341],{"class":85},[49,117926,1264],{"class":458},[49,117928,341],{"class":85},[49,117930,2896],{"class":458},[49,117932,103],{"class":85},[49,117934,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,117936,110],{"class":109},[49,117938,92],{"class":85},[49,117940,74393],{"class":109},[49,117942,92],{"class":85},[49,117944,5266],{"class":88},[49,117946,1581],{"class":85},[49,117948,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959,117961,117963],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,117950,110],{"class":109},[49,117952,92],{"class":85},[49,117954,3127],{"class":2804},[49,117956,92],{"class":85},[49,117958,74393],{"class":109},[49,117960,92],{"class":85},[49,117962,5266],{"class":88},[49,117964,2815],{"class":85},[20,117966,1974],{},[40,117968,117970],{"className":42,"code":117969,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117971,117972,117988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,117973,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,117975,1256],{"class":85},[49,117977,1223],{"class":458},[49,117979,341],{"class":85},[49,117981,2896],{"class":458},[49,117983,341],{"class":85},[49,117985,2354],{"class":458},[49,117987,1244],{"class":85},[49,117989,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,117991,3196],{"class":59},[49,117993,3199],{"class":1968},[49,117995,3202],{"class":63},[49,117997,8002],{"class":67},[49,117999,1573],{"class":63},[49,118001,3209],{"class":59},[353,118003,118004],{"id":6194},"Set",[40,118006,118008],{"className":42,"code":118007,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118009,118010,118030],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118011,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118013,3729],{"class":55},[49,118015,60],{"class":59},[49,118017,10398],{"class":85},[49,118019,1965],{"class":458},[49,118021,341],{"class":85},[49,118023,1264],{"class":458},[49,118025,341],{"class":85},[49,118027,2896],{"class":458},[49,118029,9215],{"class":85},[49,118031,118032,118034,118036,118038,118040,118042],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118033,110],{"class":109},[49,118035,92],{"class":85},[49,118037,74393],{"class":109},[49,118039,92],{"class":85},[49,118041,5266],{"class":88},[49,118043,1581],{"class":85},[20,118045,1974],{},[40,118047,118048],{"className":42,"code":55047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,118049,118050],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118051,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118053,1256],{"class":85},[49,118055,1223],{"class":458},[49,118057,341],{"class":85},[49,118059,2896],{"class":458},[49,118061,341],{"class":85},[49,118063,2354],{"class":458},[49,118065,1244],{"class":85},[353,118067,118068],{"id":329},"String",[40,118070,118072],{"className":42,"code":118071,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118073,118074,118086],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118075,118076,118078,118080,118082,118084],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118077,56],{"class":55},[49,118079,60],{"class":59},[49,118081,64],{"class":63},[49,118083,44],{"class":67},[49,118085,71],{"class":63},[49,118087,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118089,110],{"class":109},[49,118091,92],{"class":85},[49,118093,74393],{"class":109},[49,118095,92],{"class":85},[49,118097,245],{"class":88},[49,118099,1581],{"class":85},[20,118101,1974],{},[40,118103,118104],{"className":42,"code":79270,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,118105,118106],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118107,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118109,1256],{"class":85},[49,118111,1573],{"class":63},[49,118113,1391],{"class":67},[49,118115,1573],{"class":63},[49,118117,341],{"class":85},[49,118119,3202],{"class":63},[49,118121,75907],{"class":67},[49,118123,1573],{"class":63},[49,118125,341],{"class":85},[49,118127,3202],{"class":63},[49,118129,426],{"class":67},[49,118131,1573],{"class":63},[49,118133,341],{"class":85},[49,118135,3202],{"class":63},[49,118137,20],{"class":67},[49,118139,1573],{"class":63},[49,118141,341],{"class":85},[49,118143,3202],{"class":63},[49,118145,63177],{"class":67},[49,118147,1573],{"class":63},[49,118149,341],{"class":85},[49,118151,3202],{"class":63},[49,118153,11652],{"class":67},[49,118155,1573],{"class":63},[49,118157,1244],{"class":85},[353,118159,29128],{"id":15515},[20,118161,63430,118162,118164],{},[15,118163,74303],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[40,118166,118168],{"className":42,"code":118167,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118169,118170,118222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118171,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118173,13113],{"class":55},[49,118175,60],{"class":59},[49,118177,10398],{"class":85},[49,118179,95],{"class":63},[49,118181,7575],{"class":67},[49,118183,95],{"class":63},[49,118185,1197],{"class":85},[49,118187,64],{"class":63},[49,118189,12788],{"class":67},[49,118191,95],{"class":63},[49,118193,341],{"class":85},[49,118195,64],{"class":63},[49,118197,9205],{"class":67},[49,118199,95],{"class":63},[49,118201,1197],{"class":85},[49,118203,7698],{"class":458},[49,118205,341],{"class":85},[49,118207,64],{"class":63},[49,118209,10316],{"class":67},[49,118211,95],{"class":63},[49,118213,1197],{"class":85},[49,118215,64],{"class":63},[49,118217,15942],{"class":67},[49,118219,95],{"class":63},[49,118221,9215],{"class":85},[49,118223,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118225,110],{"class":109},[49,118227,92],{"class":85},[49,118229,74393],{"class":109},[49,118231,92],{"class":85},[49,118233,17218],{"class":88},[49,118235,1581],{"class":85},[20,118237,1974],{},[40,118239,118241],{"className":42,"code":118240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118242,118243],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118244,118245,118247,118249,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118246,1256],{"class":85},[49,118248,1573],{"class":63},[49,118250,9205],{"class":67},[49,118252,1573],{"class":63},[49,118254,341],{"class":85},[49,118256,3202],{"class":63},[49,118258,10316],{"class":67},[49,118260,1573],{"class":63},[49,118262,341],{"class":85},[49,118264,3202],{"class":63},[49,118266,7575],{"class":67},[49,118268,1573],{"class":63},[49,118270,1244],{"class":85},[181,118272,644,118274],{"id":118273},"using-reversetrue",[15,118275,77968],{},[20,118277,35,118278,118280],{},[15,118279,77968],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[40,118282,118284],{"className":42,"code":118283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118285,118286,118306,118310,118324],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118287,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118289,3525],{"class":55},[49,118291,60],{"class":59},[49,118293,3530],{"class":85},[49,118295,1965],{"class":458},[49,118297,341],{"class":85},[49,118299,1264],{"class":458},[49,118301,341],{"class":85},[49,118303,2896],{"class":458},[49,118305,1244],{"class":85},[49,118307,118308],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118309,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,118311,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,118313,110],{"class":109},[49,118315,92],{"class":85},[49,118317,74393],{"class":109},[49,118319,92],{"class":85},[49,118321,3556],{"class":88},[49,118323,1581],{"class":85},[49,118325,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,118327,110],{"class":109},[49,118329,92],{"class":85},[49,118331,74393],{"class":109},[49,118333,92],{"class":85},[49,118335,3556],{"class":88},[49,118337,341],{"class":85},[49,118339,77947],{"class":9081},[49,118341,60],{"class":59},[49,118343,633],{"class":3757},[49,118345,1581],{"class":85},[20,118347,1974],{},[40,118349,118351],{"className":42,"code":118350,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118352,118353,118369],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118354,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118356,1256],{"class":85},[49,118358,1223],{"class":458},[49,118360,341],{"class":85},[49,118362,2896],{"class":458},[49,118364,341],{"class":85},[49,118366,2354],{"class":458},[49,118368,1244],{"class":85},[49,118370,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118372,1256],{"class":85},[49,118374,1965],{"class":458},[49,118376,341],{"class":85},[49,118378,2896],{"class":458},[49,118380,341],{"class":85},[49,118382,1264],{"class":458},[49,118384,1244],{"class":85},[20,118386,118387],{},"This also works with strings:",[40,118389,118391],{"className":42,"code":118390,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118392,118393,118425,118429,118443],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118394,118395,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118396,3976],{"class":55},[49,118398,60],{"class":59},[49,118400,3530],{"class":85},[49,118402,95],{"class":63},[49,118404,3985],{"class":67},[49,118406,95],{"class":63},[49,118408,341],{"class":85},[49,118410,64],{"class":63},[49,118412,230],{"class":67},[49,118414,95],{"class":63},[49,118416,341],{"class":85},[49,118418,64],{"class":63},[49,118420,4002],{"class":67},[49,118422,95],{"class":63},[49,118424,1244],{"class":85},[49,118426,118427],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118428,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,118430,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,118432,110],{"class":109},[49,118434,92],{"class":85},[49,118436,74393],{"class":109},[49,118438,92],{"class":85},[49,118440,4019],{"class":88},[49,118442,1581],{"class":85},[49,118444,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,118446,110],{"class":109},[49,118448,92],{"class":85},[49,118450,74393],{"class":109},[49,118452,92],{"class":85},[49,118454,4019],{"class":88},[49,118456,341],{"class":85},[49,118458,77947],{"class":9081},[49,118460,60],{"class":59},[49,118462,633],{"class":3757},[49,118464,1581],{"class":85},[20,118466,1974],{},[40,118468,118469],{"className":42,"code":74037,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,118470,118471,118499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118472,118473,118475,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118474,1256],{"class":85},[49,118476,1573],{"class":63},[49,118478,3985],{"class":67},[49,118480,1573],{"class":63},[49,118482,341],{"class":85},[49,118484,3202],{"class":63},[49,118486,230],{"class":67},[49,118488,1573],{"class":63},[49,118490,341],{"class":85},[49,118492,3202],{"class":63},[49,118494,4002],{"class":67},[49,118496,1573],{"class":63},[49,118498,1244],{"class":85},[49,118500,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523,118525],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118502,1256],{"class":85},[49,118504,1573],{"class":63},[49,118506,4002],{"class":67},[49,118508,1573],{"class":63},[49,118510,341],{"class":85},[49,118512,3202],{"class":63},[49,118514,230],{"class":67},[49,118516,1573],{"class":63},[49,118518,341],{"class":85},[49,118520,3202],{"class":63},[49,118522,3985],{"class":67},[49,118524,1573],{"class":63},[49,118526,1244],{"class":85},[181,118528,644,118530,118533],{"id":118529},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118531,118532],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118535,661,118536,118538],{},[15,118537,118532],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118540,118541],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118543,118544],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[40,118546,118548],{"className":42,"code":118547,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118549,118550,118590,118594,118616],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118551,118552,118554,118556,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118553,3976],{"class":55},[49,118555,60],{"class":59},[49,118557,3530],{"class":85},[49,118559,95],{"class":63},[49,118561,78621],{"class":67},[49,118563,95],{"class":63},[49,118565,341],{"class":85},[49,118567,64],{"class":63},[49,118569,38261],{"class":67},[49,118571,95],{"class":63},[49,118573,341],{"class":85},[49,118575,64],{"class":63},[49,118577,230],{"class":67},[49,118579,95],{"class":63},[49,118581,341],{"class":85},[49,118583,64],{"class":63},[49,118585,38244],{"class":67},[49,118587,95],{"class":63},[49,118589,1244],{"class":85},[49,118591,118592],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118593,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,118595,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,118597,2131],{"class":55},[49,118599,60],{"class":59},[49,118601,74437],{"class":109},[49,118603,92],{"class":85},[49,118605,4019],{"class":88},[49,118607,341],{"class":85},[49,118609,21489],{"class":9081},[49,118611,60],{"class":59},[49,118613,1631],{"class":109},[49,118615,103],{"class":85},[49,118617,118618,118620,118622,118624],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,118619,110],{"class":109},[49,118621,92],{"class":85},[49,118623,2166],{"class":88},[49,118625,103],{"class":85},[20,118627,1974],{},[40,118629,118631],{"className":42,"code":118630,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118632,118633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118634,118635,118637,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118636,1256],{"class":85},[49,118638,1573],{"class":63},[49,118640,38261],{"class":67},[49,118642,1573],{"class":63},[49,118644,341],{"class":85},[49,118646,3202],{"class":63},[49,118648,78621],{"class":67},[49,118650,1573],{"class":63},[49,118652,341],{"class":85},[49,118654,3202],{"class":63},[49,118656,38244],{"class":67},[49,118658,1573],{"class":63},[49,118660,341],{"class":85},[49,118662,3202],{"class":63},[49,118664,230],{"class":67},[49,118666,1573],{"class":63},[49,118668,1244],{"class":85},[20,118670,305,118671,118673],{},[15,118672,1631],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118675,118676],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[40,118678,118680],{"className":42,"code":118679,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118681,118682,118715,118719,118745],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118683,118684,118686,118688,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118711,118713],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118685,3976],{"class":55},[49,118687,60],{"class":59},[49,118689,3530],{"class":85},[49,118691,95],{"class":63},[49,118693,83239],{"class":67},[49,118695,95],{"class":63},[49,118697,341],{"class":85},[49,118699,64],{"class":63},[49,118701,3985],{"class":67},[49,118703,95],{"class":63},[49,118705,341],{"class":85},[49,118707,64],{"class":63},[49,118709,118710],{"class":67},"Cherry",[49,118712,95],{"class":63},[49,118714,1244],{"class":85},[49,118716,118717],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118718,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,118720,118721,118723,118725,118727,118729,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,118722,2131],{"class":55},[49,118724,60],{"class":59},[49,118726,74437],{"class":109},[49,118728,92],{"class":85},[49,118730,4019],{"class":88},[49,118732,341],{"class":85},[49,118734,21489],{"class":9081},[49,118736,60],{"class":59},[49,118738,3349],{"class":2804},[49,118740,32],{"class":85},[49,118742,960],{"class":24660},[49,118744,103],{"class":85},[49,118746,118747,118749,118751,118753],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,118748,110],{"class":109},[49,118750,92],{"class":85},[49,118752,2166],{"class":88},[49,118754,103],{"class":85},[20,118756,1974],{},[40,118758,118760],{"className":42,"code":118759,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118761,118762],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118763,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782,118784,118786,118788],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118765,1256],{"class":85},[49,118767,1573],{"class":63},[49,118769,3985],{"class":67},[49,118771,1573],{"class":63},[49,118773,341],{"class":85},[49,118775,3202],{"class":63},[49,118777,83239],{"class":67},[49,118779,1573],{"class":63},[49,118781,341],{"class":85},[49,118783,3202],{"class":63},[49,118785,118710],{"class":67},[49,118787,1573],{"class":63},[49,118789,1244],{"class":85},[20,118791,118792,118793,35236,118795,32],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118794,42261],{},[820,118796,3482,118797,3415],{"href":42258},[15,118798,42261],{},[181,118800,118802,983,118804],{"id":118801},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118803,74303],{},[15,118805,77744],{},[20,118807,118808],{},"The main difference is this:",[194,118810,118811,118816],{},[197,118812,118813,118815],{},[15,118814,74303],{}," returns a new list",[197,118817,118818,73841],{},[15,118819,77744],{},[20,118821,118822],{},"Also:",[194,118824,118825,118830],{},[197,118826,118827,118829],{},[15,118828,74303],{}," works with many iterables",[197,118831,118832,79176],{},[15,118833,77744],{},[20,118835,35,118836,10508],{},[15,118837,74303],{},[194,118839,118840,118843],{},[197,118841,118842],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[197,118844,118845],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118847,118848,118849,32],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[820,118850,3482,118851,983,118853,5690],{"href":79002},[15,118852,74303],{},[15,118854,77744],{},[181,118856,118858],{"id":118857},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118860,118861,118862,32],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118863,74303],{},[353,118865,118867],{"id":118866},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118869,118870,118871,1197],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118872,2909],{},[40,118874,118876],{"className":42,"code":118875,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118877,118878,118902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118879,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118881,3729],{"class":55},[49,118883,60],{"class":59},[49,118885,3530],{"class":85},[49,118887,1223],{"class":458},[49,118889,341],{"class":85},[49,118891,64],{"class":63},[49,118893,312],{"class":67},[49,118895,95],{"class":63},[49,118897,341],{"class":85},[49,118899,2354],{"class":458},[49,118901,1244],{"class":85},[49,118903,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118905,110],{"class":109},[49,118907,92],{"class":85},[49,118909,74393],{"class":109},[49,118911,92],{"class":85},[49,118913,5266],{"class":88},[49,118915,1581],{"class":85},[20,118917,118918],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[353,118920,118922,118923,2205],{"id":118921},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118924,14751],{},[20,118926,118927],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118929,214],{},[40,118931,118933],{"className":42,"code":118932,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118934,118935,118955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118936,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118938,3525],{"class":55},[49,118940,60],{"class":59},[49,118942,3530],{"class":85},[49,118944,2233],{"class":458},[49,118946,341],{"class":85},[49,118948,2896],{"class":458},[49,118950,341],{"class":85},[49,118952,7703],{"class":458},[49,118954,1244],{"class":85},[49,118956,118957,118959,118961,118963,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,118958,110],{"class":109},[49,118960,92],{"class":85},[49,118962,74393],{"class":109},[49,118964,92],{"class":85},[49,118966,3556],{"class":88},[49,118968,341],{"class":85},[49,118970,21489],{"class":9081},[49,118972,60],{"class":59},[49,118974,1631],{"class":109},[49,118976,1581],{"class":85},[20,118978,48410,118979,118981],{},[15,118980,42261],{}," does not work on integers.",[353,118983,118985],{"id":118984},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118987,118988],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[40,118990,118992],{"className":42,"code":118991,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118993,118994,119014,119024,119028],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,118995,118996,118998,119000,119002,119004,119006,119008,119010,119012],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,118997,3525],{"class":55},[49,118999,60],{"class":59},[49,119001,3530],{"class":85},[49,119003,1965],{"class":458},[49,119005,341],{"class":85},[49,119007,1264],{"class":458},[49,119009,341],{"class":85},[49,119011,2896],{"class":458},[49,119013,1244],{"class":85},[49,119015,119016,119018,119020,119022],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,119017,74393],{"class":109},[49,119019,92],{"class":85},[49,119021,3556],{"class":88},[49,119023,103],{"class":85},[49,119025,119026],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,119027,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,119029,119030,119032,119034,119036],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,119031,110],{"class":109},[49,119033,92],{"class":85},[49,119035,3556],{"class":88},[49,119037,103],{"class":85},[20,119039,1974],{},[40,119041,119043],{"className":42,"code":119042,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119044,119045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119046,119047,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119048,1256],{"class":85},[49,119050,1965],{"class":458},[49,119052,341],{"class":85},[49,119054,1264],{"class":458},[49,119056,341],{"class":85},[49,119058,2896],{"class":458},[49,119060,1244],{"class":85},[20,119062,119063],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[181,119065,1308],{"id":1307},[194,119067,119068,119072,119075,119080,119084],{},[197,119069,1347,119070,73841],{},[15,119071,74303],{},[197,119073,119074],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[197,119076,4610,119077,119079],{},[15,119078,74303],{}," always returns a list",[197,119081,644,119082,23013],{},[15,119083,118532],{},[197,119085,29555,119086,119088,119089],{},[15,119087,64202],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119090,74303],{},[20,119092,119093],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[40,119095,119097],{"className":42,"code":119096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119098,119099,119121,119147,119185],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119100,119101,119103,119105,119107,119109,119111,119113,119115,119117,119119],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119102,110],{"class":109},[49,119104,92],{"class":85},[49,119106,74393],{"class":109},[49,119108,2889],{"class":85},[49,119110,1965],{"class":458},[49,119112,341],{"class":85},[49,119114,1264],{"class":458},[49,119116,341],{"class":85},[49,119118,2896],{"class":458},[49,119120,2903],{"class":85},[49,119122,119123,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,119124,110],{"class":109},[49,119126,92],{"class":85},[49,119128,3127],{"class":2804},[49,119130,92],{"class":85},[49,119132,74393],{"class":109},[49,119134,5417],{"class":85},[49,119136,1965],{"class":458},[49,119138,341],{"class":85},[49,119140,1264],{"class":458},[49,119142,341],{"class":85},[49,119144,2896],{"class":458},[49,119146,93241],{"class":85},[49,119148,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,119150,110],{"class":109},[49,119152,92],{"class":85},[49,119154,74393],{"class":109},[49,119156,2889],{"class":85},[49,119158,1573],{"class":63},[49,119160,83239],{"class":67},[49,119162,1573],{"class":63},[49,119164,341],{"class":85},[49,119166,3202],{"class":63},[49,119168,3985],{"class":67},[49,119170,1573],{"class":63},[49,119172,17972],{"class":85},[49,119174,21489],{"class":9081},[49,119176,60],{"class":59},[49,119178,3349],{"class":2804},[49,119180,32],{"class":85},[49,119182,960],{"class":24660},[49,119184,1581],{"class":85},[49,119186,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201,119203,119205,119207,119209,119211,119213],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,119188,110],{"class":109},[49,119190,92],{"class":85},[49,119192,74393],{"class":109},[49,119194,2889],{"class":85},[49,119196,1965],{"class":458},[49,119198,341],{"class":85},[49,119200,1264],{"class":458},[49,119202,341],{"class":85},[49,119204,2896],{"class":458},[49,119206,17972],{"class":85},[49,119208,77947],{"class":9081},[49,119210,60],{"class":59},[49,119212,633],{"class":3757},[49,119214,1581],{"class":85},[20,119216,119217,119218,32],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[820,119219,52669],{"href":50879},[181,119221,1704],{"id":1703},[353,119223,1720,119225,57061],{"id":119224},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119226,74303],{},[20,119228,119229],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[353,119231,5050,119233,12623],{"id":119232},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119234,74303],{},[20,119236,119237],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[353,119239,119241,119242,10999,119244,2394],{"id":119240},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119243,74303],{},[15,119245,77744],{},[20,119247,35,119248,119250],{},[15,119249,74303],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[353,119252,5050,119254,86327,119256,2394],{"id":119253},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119255,118532],{},[15,119257,74303],{},[20,119259,119260],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[353,119262,5065,119264,119266,119267,2394],{"id":119263},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119265,74303],{}," give a ",[15,119268,2909],{},[20,119270,119271],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[181,119273,1775],{"id":1774},[194,119275,119276,119280,119288,119292,119298,119304],{},[197,119277,119278],{},[820,119279,79749],{"href":78253},[197,119281,119282],{},[820,119283,3482,119284,983,119286,5690],{"href":79002},[15,119285,74303],{},[15,119287,77744],{},[197,119289,119290],{},[820,119291,52669],{"href":50879},[197,119293,119294],{},[820,119295,3482,119296,3415],{"href":42258},[15,119297,42261],{},[197,119299,119300],{},[820,119301,3482,119302,3415],{"href":91897},[15,119303,35655],{},[197,119305,119306],{},[820,119307,3482,119308,3415],{"href":36099},[15,119309,36102],{},[1834,119311,119312],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":119314},[119315,119316,119318,119321,119322,119329,119331,119333,119335,119341,119342,119354],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":117595,"depth":74,"text":119317},"What sorted() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":119319},[119320],{"id":355,"depth":106,"text":356},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":117834,"depth":74,"text":117835,"children":119323},[119324,119325,119326,119327,119328],{"id":8002,"depth":106,"text":117843},{"id":48853,"depth":106,"text":117907},{"id":6194,"depth":106,"text":118004},{"id":329,"depth":106,"text":118068},{"id":15515,"depth":106,"text":29128},{"id":118273,"depth":74,"text":119330},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118529,"depth":74,"text":119332},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118801,"depth":74,"text":119334},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118857,"depth":74,"text":118858,"children":119336},[119337,119338,119340],{"id":118866,"depth":106,"text":118867},{"id":118921,"depth":106,"text":119339},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118984,"depth":106,"text":118985},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":119343},[119344,119346,119348,119350,119352],{"id":119224,"depth":106,"text":119345},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119232,"depth":106,"text":119347},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119240,"depth":106,"text":119349},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119253,"depth":106,"text":119351},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119263,"depth":106,"text":119353},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117497,"description":119355},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119362,"title":119363,"body":119364,"description":121475,"extension":1866,"meta":121476,"navigation":128,"path":79002,"seo":121477,"stem":121478,"__hash__":121479},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119365,"toc":121422},[119366,119373,119376,119386,119392,119395,119413,119421,119423,119482,119490,119494,119516,119520,119524,119526,119543,119545,119557,119563,119647,119651,119698,119704,119711,119715,119720,119722,119734,119739,119792,119796,119816,119823,119830,119834,119837,119856,119860,119974,119978,120048,120050,120062,120067,120071,120084,120088,120163,120167,120206,120213,120219,120224,120228,120242,120246,120311,120315,120348,120351,120356,120364,120371,120384,120387,120391,120474,120478,120515,120519,120622,120626,120687,120692,120699,120703,120706,120712,120715,120782,120786,120810,120812,120830,120837,120890,120894,120914,120920,120922,120979,120986,121012,121017,121022,121030,121036,121096,121100,121147,121150,121152,121155,121181,121184,121277,121279,121299,121303,121306,121324,121330,121332,121340,121345,121352,121355,121361,121364,121370,121378,121386,121391,121393,121419],[10,119367,3482,119369,983,119371,92955],{"id":119368},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119370,74303],{},[15,119372,77744],{},[20,119374,119375],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[194,119377,119378,119382],{},[197,119379,119380],{},[15,119381,74303],{},[197,119383,119384],{},[15,119385,77744],{},[20,119387,119388,119389,119391],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[666,119390,4536],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119393,119394],{},"The main difference is simple:",[194,119396,119397,119405],{},[197,119398,35,119399,119401,119402],{},[15,119400,74303],{}," when you want a ",[666,119403,119404],{},"new sorted result",[197,119406,35,119407,119409,119410],{},[15,119408,77744],{}," when you want to ",[666,119411,119412],{},"change the original list",[20,119414,119415,119416,1000,119418,119420],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119417,77744],{},[15,119419,3684],{}," and causes confusion.",[181,119422,3515],{"id":3514},[40,119424,119426],{"className":42,"code":119425,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119427,119428,119448,119452,119469],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119429,119430,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119431,3525],{"class":55},[49,119433,60],{"class":59},[49,119435,3530],{"class":85},[49,119437,1965],{"class":458},[49,119439,341],{"class":85},[49,119441,1264],{"class":458},[49,119443,341],{"class":85},[49,119445,2896],{"class":458},[49,119447,1244],{"class":85},[49,119449,119450],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,119451,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,119453,119454,119456,119458,119460,119462,119464,119466],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,119455,55787],{"class":55},[49,119457,60],{"class":59},[49,119459,74437],{"class":109},[49,119461,92],{"class":85},[49,119463,3556],{"class":88},[49,119465,118],{"class":85},[49,119467,119468],{"class":121},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[49,119470,119471,119473,119475,119477,119479],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,119472,3556],{"class":55},[49,119474,32],{"class":85},[49,119476,34706],{"class":88},[49,119478,7272],{"class":85},[49,119480,119481],{"class":121},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119483,35,119484,119486,119487,119489],{},[15,119485,74303],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119488,77744],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[181,119491,119493],{"id":119492},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[194,119495,119496,119501,119506,119513],{},[197,119497,35,119498,119500],{},[15,119499,74303],{}," to get a new sorted list",[197,119502,35,119503,119505],{},[15,119504,77744],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[197,119507,119508,119509,1000,119511],{},"Understand why ",[15,119510,77744],{},[15,119512,3684],{},[197,119514,119515],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[181,119517,184,119518,187],{"id":117595},[15,119519,74303],{},[20,119521,119522,62816],{},[15,119523,74303],{},[20,119525,48827],{},[194,119527,119528,119534,119540],{},[197,119529,119530,119531],{},"returns a ",[666,119532,119533],{},"new list",[197,119535,119536,119537,119539],{},"does ",[666,119538,4536],{}," change the original data",[197,119541,119542],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119544,51033],{},[194,119546,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555],{},[197,119548,5207],{},[197,119550,5210],{},[197,119552,5216],{},[197,119554,5213],{},[197,119556,35815],{},[353,119558,34984,119560,119562],{"id":119559},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119561,74303],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[40,119564,119566],{"className":42,"code":119565,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119567,119568,119588,119592,119606,119610,119628],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119569,119570,119572,119574,119576,119578,119580,119582,119584,119586],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119571,3525],{"class":55},[49,119573,60],{"class":59},[49,119575,3530],{"class":85},[49,119577,1965],{"class":458},[49,119579,341],{"class":85},[49,119581,1264],{"class":458},[49,119583,341],{"class":85},[49,119585,2896],{"class":458},[49,119587,1244],{"class":85},[49,119589,119590],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,119591,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,119593,119594,119596,119598,119600,119602,119604],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,119595,2131],{"class":55},[49,119597,60],{"class":59},[49,119599,74437],{"class":109},[49,119601,92],{"class":85},[49,119603,3556],{"class":88},[49,119605,103],{"class":85},[49,119607,119608],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,119609,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,119611,119612,119614,119616,119618,119620,119622,119624,119626],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,119613,110],{"class":109},[49,119615,92],{"class":85},[49,119617,95],{"class":63},[49,119619,12061],{"class":67},[49,119621,95],{"class":63},[49,119623,341],{"class":85},[49,119625,4169],{"class":88},[49,119627,103],{"class":85},[49,119629,119630,119632,119634,119636,119639,119641,119643,119645],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,119631,110],{"class":109},[49,119633,92],{"class":85},[49,119635,95],{"class":63},[49,119637,119638],{"class":67},"sorted result:",[49,119640,95],{"class":63},[49,119642,341],{"class":85},[49,119644,81093],{"class":88},[49,119646,103],{"class":85},[20,119648,119649],{},[666,119650,1974],{},[40,119652,119654],{"className":42,"code":119653,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119655,119656,119676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119657,119658,119660,119662,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119659,12040],{"class":55},[49,119661,1197],{"class":85},[49,119663,3530],{"class":85},[49,119665,1965],{"class":458},[49,119667,341],{"class":85},[49,119669,1264],{"class":458},[49,119671,341],{"class":85},[49,119673,2896],{"class":458},[49,119675,1244],{"class":85},[49,119677,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692,119694,119696],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,119679,74393],{"class":109},[49,119681,81093],{"class":55},[49,119683,1197],{"class":85},[49,119685,3530],{"class":85},[49,119687,1223],{"class":458},[49,119689,341],{"class":85},[49,119691,2896],{"class":458},[49,119693,341],{"class":85},[49,119695,2354],{"class":458},[49,119697,1244],{"class":85},[20,119699,119700,119701,119703],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119702,3556],{}," stays the same.",[20,119705,119706,119707,32],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[820,119708,3482,119709,3415],{"href":74400},[15,119710,74303],{},[181,119712,184,119713,187],{"id":77810},[15,119714,77744],{},[20,119716,119717,119719],{},[15,119718,64202],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119721,48827],{},[194,119723,119724,119727,119730],{},[197,119725,119726],{},"changes the original list directly",[197,119728,119729],{},"only works on lists",[197,119731,3597,119732],{},[15,119733,3684],{},[353,119735,34984,119737,73841],{"id":119736},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119738,77744],{},[40,119740,119742],{"className":42,"code":119741,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119743,119744,119764,119768,119778,119782],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119745,119746,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119747,3525],{"class":55},[49,119749,60],{"class":59},[49,119751,3530],{"class":85},[49,119753,1965],{"class":458},[49,119755,341],{"class":85},[49,119757,1264],{"class":458},[49,119759,341],{"class":85},[49,119761,2896],{"class":458},[49,119763,1244],{"class":85},[49,119765,119766],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,119767,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,119769,119770,119772,119774,119776],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,119771,3556],{"class":55},[49,119773,32],{"class":85},[49,119775,34706],{"class":88},[49,119777,8548],{"class":85},[49,119779,119780],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,119781,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,119783,119784,119786,119788,119790],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,119785,110],{"class":109},[49,119787,92],{"class":85},[49,119789,3556],{"class":88},[49,119791,103],{"class":85},[20,119793,119794],{},[666,119795,1974],{},[40,119797,119798],{"className":42,"code":55047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,119799,119800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119801,119802,119804,119806,119808,119810,119812,119814],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119803,1256],{"class":85},[49,119805,1223],{"class":458},[49,119807,341],{"class":85},[49,119809,2896],{"class":458},[49,119811,341],{"class":85},[49,119813,2354],{"class":458},[49,119815,1244],{"class":85},[20,119817,119818,119819,119822],{},"After calling ",[15,119820,119821],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119824,119825,119826,32],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[820,119827,3482,119828,1785],{"href":74654},[15,119829,77744],{},[181,119831,119833],{"id":119832},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119835,119836],{},"Here is the core difference:",[194,119838,119839,119848],{},[197,119840,119841,119844,119845],{},[15,119842,119843],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[666,119846,119847],{},"new sorted list",[197,119849,119850,119853,119854,74211],{},[15,119851,119852],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119855,8248],{},[353,119857,119859],{"id":119858},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[40,119861,119863],{"className":42,"code":119862,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119864,119865,119885,119889,119903,119922,119941,119945,119955],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119866,119867,119869,119871,119873,119875,119877,119879,119881,119883],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119868,3525],{"class":55},[49,119870,60],{"class":59},[49,119872,3530],{"class":85},[49,119874,2040],{"class":458},[49,119876,341],{"class":85},[49,119878,2896],{"class":458},[49,119880,341],{"class":85},[49,119882,808],{"class":458},[49,119884,1244],{"class":85},[49,119886,119887],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,119888,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,119890,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899,119901],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,119892,2457],{"class":55},[49,119894,60],{"class":59},[49,119896,74437],{"class":109},[49,119898,92],{"class":85},[49,119900,3556],{"class":88},[49,119902,103],{"class":85},[49,119904,119905,119907,119909,119911,119914,119916,119918,119920],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,119906,110],{"class":109},[49,119908,92],{"class":85},[49,119910,95],{"class":63},[49,119912,119913],{"class":67},"numbers after sorted():",[49,119915,95],{"class":63},[49,119917,341],{"class":85},[49,119919,4169],{"class":88},[49,119921,103],{"class":85},[49,119923,119924,119926,119928,119930,119933,119935,119937,119939],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,119925,110],{"class":109},[49,119927,92],{"class":85},[49,119929,95],{"class":63},[49,119931,119932],{"class":67},"a:",[49,119934,95],{"class":63},[49,119936,341],{"class":85},[49,119938,56785],{"class":88},[49,119940,103],{"class":85},[49,119942,119943],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,119944,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,119946,119947,119949,119951,119953],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,119948,3556],{"class":55},[49,119950,32],{"class":85},[49,119952,34706],{"class":88},[49,119954,8548],{"class":85},[49,119956,119957,119959,119961,119963,119966,119968,119970,119972],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,119958,110],{"class":109},[49,119960,92],{"class":85},[49,119962,95],{"class":63},[49,119964,119965],{"class":67},"numbers after sort():",[49,119967,95],{"class":63},[49,119969,341],{"class":85},[49,119971,4169],{"class":88},[49,119973,103],{"class":85},[20,119975,119976],{},[666,119977,1974],{},[40,119979,119981],{"className":42,"code":119980,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119982,119983,120006,120026],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,119984,119985,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,119986,119987],{"class":55},"numbers after ",[49,119989,74393],{"class":109},[49,119991,29489],{"class":85},[49,119993,3530],{"class":85},[49,119995,2040],{"class":458},[49,119997,341],{"class":85},[49,119999,2896],{"class":458},[49,120001,341],{"class":85},[49,120003,808],{"class":458},[49,120005,1244],{"class":85},[49,120007,120008,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020,120022,120024],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120009,820],{"class":55},[49,120011,1197],{"class":85},[49,120013,3530],{"class":85},[49,120015,312],{"class":458},[49,120017,341],{"class":85},[49,120019,808],{"class":458},[49,120021,341],{"class":85},[49,120023,459],{"class":458},[49,120025,1244],{"class":85},[49,120027,120028,120030,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,120029,119987],{"class":55},[49,120031,34706],{"class":88},[49,120033,29489],{"class":85},[49,120035,3530],{"class":85},[49,120037,312],{"class":458},[49,120039,341],{"class":85},[49,120041,808],{"class":458},[49,120043,341],{"class":85},[49,120045,459],{"class":458},[49,120047,1244],{"class":85},[20,120049,10620],{},[194,120051,120052,120057],{},[197,120053,120054,120056],{},[15,120055,74303],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[197,120058,120059,120061],{},[15,120060,64202],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[181,120063,4868,120065],{"id":120064},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120066,74303],{},[20,120068,35,120069,10508],{},[15,120070,74303],{},[194,120072,120073,120076,120078,120081],{},[197,120074,120075],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[197,120077,118845],{},[197,120079,120080],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[197,120082,120083],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[353,120085,120087],{"id":120086},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[40,120089,120091],{"className":42,"code":120090,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120092,120093,120117,120121,120135,120139,120149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120094,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109,120111,120113,120115],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120096,3525],{"class":55},[49,120098,60],{"class":59},[49,120100,9142],{"class":85},[49,120102,2407],{"class":458},[49,120104,341],{"class":85},[49,120106,1264],{"class":458},[49,120108,341],{"class":85},[49,120110,2354],{"class":458},[49,120112,341],{"class":85},[49,120114,2896],{"class":458},[49,120116,103],{"class":85},[49,120118,120119],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120120,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120122,120123,120125,120127,120129,120131,120133],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,120124,2131],{"class":55},[49,120126,60],{"class":59},[49,120128,74437],{"class":109},[49,120130,92],{"class":85},[49,120132,3556],{"class":88},[49,120134,103],{"class":85},[49,120136,120137],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,120138,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120140,120141,120143,120145,120147],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,120142,110],{"class":109},[49,120144,92],{"class":85},[49,120146,2166],{"class":88},[49,120148,103],{"class":85},[49,120150,120151,120153,120155,120157,120159,120161],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,120152,110],{"class":109},[49,120154,92],{"class":85},[49,120156,3127],{"class":2804},[49,120158,92],{"class":85},[49,120160,2166],{"class":88},[49,120162,1581],{"class":85},[20,120164,120165],{},[666,120166,1974],{},[40,120168,120170],{"className":42,"code":120169,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120171,120172,120192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120173,120174,120176,120178,120180,120182,120184,120186,120188,120190],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120175,1256],{"class":85},[49,120177,1223],{"class":458},[49,120179,341],{"class":85},[49,120181,2896],{"class":458},[49,120183,341],{"class":85},[49,120185,2354],{"class":458},[49,120187,341],{"class":85},[49,120189,808],{"class":458},[49,120191,1244],{"class":85},[49,120193,120194,120196,120198,120200,120202,120204],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120195,3196],{"class":59},[49,120197,3199],{"class":1968},[49,120199,3202],{"class":63},[49,120201,8002],{"class":67},[49,120203,1573],{"class":63},[49,120205,3209],{"class":59},[20,120207,2188,120208,120210,120211,32],{},[15,120209,74303],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[666,120212,8002],{},[20,120214,120215,120216,120218],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[820,120217,52669],{"href":50879}," is a helpful next step.",[181,120220,4868,120222],{"id":120221},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120223,77744],{},[20,120225,35,120226,10508],{},[15,120227,77744],{},[194,120229,120230,120233,120236,120239],{},[197,120231,120232],{},"you already have a list",[197,120234,120235],{},"you want to update that list directly",[197,120237,120238],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[197,120240,120241],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[353,120243,120245],{"id":120244},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[40,120247,120249],{"className":42,"code":120248,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120250,120251,120283,120287,120297,120301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120252,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120254,4902],{"class":55},[49,120256,60],{"class":59},[49,120258,3530],{"class":85},[49,120260,95],{"class":63},[49,120262,4929],{"class":67},[49,120264,95],{"class":63},[49,120266,341],{"class":85},[49,120268,64],{"class":63},[49,120270,4911],{"class":67},[49,120272,95],{"class":63},[49,120274,341],{"class":85},[49,120276,64],{"class":63},[49,120278,4920],{"class":67},[49,120280,95],{"class":63},[49,120282,1244],{"class":85},[49,120284,120285],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120286,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120288,120289,120291,120293,120295],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,120290,4946],{"class":55},[49,120292,32],{"class":85},[49,120294,34706],{"class":88},[49,120296,8548],{"class":85},[49,120298,120299],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,120300,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120302,120303,120305,120307,120309],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,120304,110],{"class":109},[49,120306,92],{"class":85},[49,120308,4946],{"class":88},[49,120310,103],{"class":85},[20,120312,120313],{},[666,120314,1974],{},[40,120316,120318],{"className":42,"code":120317,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120319,120320],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120321,120322,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334,120336,120338,120340,120342,120344,120346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120323,1256],{"class":85},[49,120325,1573],{"class":63},[49,120327,4911],{"class":67},[49,120329,1573],{"class":63},[49,120331,341],{"class":85},[49,120333,3202],{"class":63},[49,120335,4920],{"class":67},[49,120337,1573],{"class":63},[49,120339,341],{"class":85},[49,120341,3202],{"class":63},[49,120343,4929],{"class":67},[49,120345,1573],{"class":63},[49,120347,1244],{"class":85},[20,120349,120350],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120352,120353,120354,32],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[820,120355,79749],{"href":78253},[181,120357,120359,380,120361,120363],{"id":120358},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120360,73456],{},[15,120362,14751],{}," work with both",[20,120365,10497,120366,380,120368,120370],{},[15,120367,74303],{},[15,120369,77744],{}," support:",[194,120372,120373,120378],{},[197,120374,120375,120377],{},[15,120376,77968],{}," for descending order",[197,120379,120380,120383],{},[15,120381,120382],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120385,120386],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[353,120388,120390],{"id":120389},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[40,120392,120394],{"className":42,"code":120393,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120395,120396,120416,120420,120442,120446,120464],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120397,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120399,3525],{"class":55},[49,120401,60],{"class":59},[49,120403,3530],{"class":85},[49,120405,1965],{"class":458},[49,120407,341],{"class":85},[49,120409,1264],{"class":458},[49,120411,341],{"class":85},[49,120413,2896],{"class":458},[49,120415,1244],{"class":85},[49,120417,120418],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120419,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120421,120422,120424,120426,120428,120430,120432,120434,120436,120438,120440],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,120423,110],{"class":109},[49,120425,92],{"class":85},[49,120427,74393],{"class":109},[49,120429,92],{"class":85},[49,120431,3556],{"class":88},[49,120433,341],{"class":85},[49,120435,77947],{"class":9081},[49,120437,60],{"class":59},[49,120439,633],{"class":3757},[49,120441,1581],{"class":85},[49,120443,120444],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,120445,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120447,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,120449,3556],{"class":55},[49,120451,32],{"class":85},[49,120453,34706],{"class":88},[49,120455,92],{"class":85},[49,120457,73456],{"class":9081},[49,120459,60],{"class":59},[49,120461,633],{"class":3757},[49,120463,103],{"class":85},[49,120465,120466,120468,120470,120472],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,120467,110],{"class":109},[49,120469,92],{"class":85},[49,120471,3556],{"class":88},[49,120473,103],{"class":85},[20,120475,120476],{},[666,120477,1974],{},[40,120479,120481],{"className":42,"code":120480,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120482,120483,120499],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120484,120485,120487,120489,120491,120493,120495,120497],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120486,1256],{"class":85},[49,120488,1965],{"class":458},[49,120490,341],{"class":85},[49,120492,2896],{"class":458},[49,120494,341],{"class":85},[49,120496,1264],{"class":458},[49,120498,1244],{"class":85},[49,120500,120501,120503,120505,120507,120509,120511,120513],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120502,1256],{"class":85},[49,120504,1965],{"class":458},[49,120506,341],{"class":85},[49,120508,2896],{"class":458},[49,120510,341],{"class":85},[49,120512,1264],{"class":458},[49,120514,1244],{"class":85},[353,120516,120518],{"id":120517},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[40,120520,120522],{"className":42,"code":120521,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120523,120524,120556,120560,120586,120590,120612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120525,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542,120544,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120527,3976],{"class":55},[49,120529,60],{"class":59},[49,120531,3530],{"class":85},[49,120533,95],{"class":63},[49,120535,83239],{"class":67},[49,120537,95],{"class":63},[49,120539,341],{"class":85},[49,120541,64],{"class":63},[49,120543,3985],{"class":67},[49,120545,95],{"class":63},[49,120547,341],{"class":85},[49,120549,64],{"class":63},[49,120551,118710],{"class":67},[49,120553,95],{"class":63},[49,120555,1244],{"class":85},[49,120557,120558],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120559,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120561,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582,120584],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,120563,110],{"class":109},[49,120565,92],{"class":85},[49,120567,74393],{"class":109},[49,120569,92],{"class":85},[49,120571,4019],{"class":88},[49,120573,341],{"class":85},[49,120575,21489],{"class":9081},[49,120577,60],{"class":59},[49,120579,3349],{"class":2804},[49,120581,32],{"class":85},[49,120583,960],{"class":24660},[49,120585,1581],{"class":85},[49,120587,120588],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,120589,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120591,120592,120594,120596,120598,120600,120602,120604,120606,120608,120610],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,120593,4019],{"class":55},[49,120595,32],{"class":85},[49,120597,34706],{"class":88},[49,120599,92],{"class":85},[49,120601,14751],{"class":9081},[49,120603,60],{"class":59},[49,120605,3349],{"class":2804},[49,120607,32],{"class":85},[49,120609,960],{"class":24660},[49,120611,103],{"class":85},[49,120613,120614,120616,120618,120620],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,120615,110],{"class":109},[49,120617,92],{"class":85},[49,120619,4019],{"class":88},[49,120621,103],{"class":85},[20,120623,120624],{},[666,120625,1974],{},[40,120627,120629],{"className":42,"code":120628,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120630,120631,120659],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120632,120633,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120634,1256],{"class":85},[49,120636,1573],{"class":63},[49,120638,3985],{"class":67},[49,120640,1573],{"class":63},[49,120642,341],{"class":85},[49,120644,3202],{"class":63},[49,120646,83239],{"class":67},[49,120648,1573],{"class":63},[49,120650,341],{"class":85},[49,120652,3202],{"class":63},[49,120654,118710],{"class":67},[49,120656,1573],{"class":63},[49,120658,1244],{"class":85},[49,120660,120661,120663,120665,120667,120669,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120662,1256],{"class":85},[49,120664,1573],{"class":63},[49,120666,3985],{"class":67},[49,120668,1573],{"class":63},[49,120670,341],{"class":85},[49,120672,3202],{"class":63},[49,120674,83239],{"class":67},[49,120676,1573],{"class":63},[49,120678,341],{"class":85},[49,120680,3202],{"class":63},[49,120682,118710],{"class":67},[49,120684,1573],{"class":63},[49,120686,1244],{"class":85},[20,120688,644,120689,120691],{},[15,120690,78462],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120693,120694,120695,32],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[820,120696,120698],{"href":120697},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[181,120700,120702],{"id":120701},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120704,120705],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[353,120707,120709,120710,12505],{"id":120708},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120711,77744],{},[20,120713,120714],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[40,120716,120718],{"className":42,"code":120717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120719,120720,120740,120744,120758,120762,120772],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120721,120722,120724,120726,120728,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120723,3525],{"class":55},[49,120725,60],{"class":59},[49,120727,3530],{"class":85},[49,120729,1965],{"class":458},[49,120731,341],{"class":85},[49,120733,1264],{"class":458},[49,120735,341],{"class":85},[49,120737,2896],{"class":458},[49,120739,1244],{"class":85},[49,120741,120742],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120743,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120745,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,120747,2131],{"class":55},[49,120749,60],{"class":59},[49,120751,4169],{"class":55},[49,120753,32],{"class":85},[49,120755,34706],{"class":88},[49,120757,8548],{"class":85},[49,120759,120760],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,120761,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120763,120764,120766,120768,120770],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,120765,110],{"class":109},[49,120767,92],{"class":85},[49,120769,2166],{"class":88},[49,120771,103],{"class":85},[49,120773,120774,120776,120778,120780],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,120775,110],{"class":109},[49,120777,92],{"class":85},[49,120779,3556],{"class":88},[49,120781,103],{"class":85},[20,120783,120784],{},[666,120785,1974],{},[40,120787,120788],{"className":42,"code":79085,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,120789,120790,120794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120791,120792],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120793,11715],{"class":3757},[49,120795,120796,120798,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120797,1256],{"class":85},[49,120799,1223],{"class":458},[49,120801,341],{"class":85},[49,120803,2896],{"class":458},[49,120805,341],{"class":85},[49,120807,2354],{"class":458},[49,120809,1244],{"class":85},[20,120811,11807],{},[194,120813,120814,120819,120824],{},[197,120815,120816,120818],{},[15,120817,119821],{}," sorts the list in place",[197,120820,34921,120821,120823],{},[666,120822,4536],{}," return the sorted list",[197,120825,89862,120826,42055,120828],{},[15,120827,2166],{},[15,120829,3684],{},[353,120831,120833,120834,120836],{"id":120832},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120835,74303],{}," to change the original list",[40,120838,120840],{"className":42,"code":120839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120841,120842,120862,120866,120876,120880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120843,120844,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120845,3525],{"class":55},[49,120847,60],{"class":59},[49,120849,3530],{"class":85},[49,120851,1965],{"class":458},[49,120853,341],{"class":85},[49,120855,1264],{"class":458},[49,120857,341],{"class":85},[49,120859,2896],{"class":458},[49,120861,1244],{"class":85},[49,120863,120864],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120865,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120867,120868,120870,120872,120874],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,120869,74393],{"class":109},[49,120871,92],{"class":85},[49,120873,3556],{"class":88},[49,120875,103],{"class":85},[49,120877,120878],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,120879,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120881,120882,120884,120886,120888],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,120883,110],{"class":109},[49,120885,92],{"class":85},[49,120887,3556],{"class":88},[49,120889,103],{"class":85},[20,120891,120892],{},[666,120893,1974],{},[40,120895,120896],{"className":42,"code":119042,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,120897,120898],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120899,120900,120902,120904,120906,120908,120910,120912],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120901,1256],{"class":85},[49,120903,1965],{"class":458},[49,120905,341],{"class":85},[49,120907,1264],{"class":458},[49,120909,341],{"class":85},[49,120911,2896],{"class":458},[49,120913,1244],{"class":85},[20,120915,120916,120919],{},[15,120917,120918],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120921,10714],{},[40,120923,120925],{"className":42,"code":120924,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120926,120927,120947,120951,120965,120969],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120928,120929,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120930,3525],{"class":55},[49,120932,60],{"class":59},[49,120934,3530],{"class":85},[49,120936,1965],{"class":458},[49,120938,341],{"class":85},[49,120940,1264],{"class":458},[49,120942,341],{"class":85},[49,120944,2896],{"class":458},[49,120946,1244],{"class":85},[49,120948,120949],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,120950,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120952,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961,120963],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,120954,55539],{"class":55},[49,120956,60],{"class":59},[49,120958,74437],{"class":109},[49,120960,92],{"class":85},[49,120962,3556],{"class":88},[49,120964,103],{"class":85},[49,120966,120967],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,120968,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,120970,120971,120973,120975,120977],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,120972,110],{"class":109},[49,120974,92],{"class":85},[49,120976,55558],{"class":88},[49,120978,103],{"class":85},[353,120980,120982,120983,120985],{"id":120981},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120984,64202],{}," on a tuple or string",[40,120987,120988],{"className":42,"code":79186,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,120989,120990,121002],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,120991,120992,120994,120996,120998,121000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,120993,56],{"class":55},[49,120995,60],{"class":59},[49,120997,64],{"class":63},[49,120999,44],{"class":67},[49,121001,71],{"class":63},[49,121003,121004,121006,121008,121010],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121005,245],{"class":55},[49,121007,32],{"class":85},[49,121009,34706],{"class":88},[49,121011,8548],{"class":85},[20,121013,121014,121015,33508],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121016,64202],{},[20,121018,121019,121021],{},[15,121020,64202],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121023,121024,121025,121027,121028,32],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121026,74303],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[820,121029,5044],{"href":5493},[353,121031,121033,121034,119079],{"id":121032},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121035,74303],{},[40,121037,121039],{"className":42,"code":121038,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121040,121041,121054,121068,121072,121082],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121042,121043,121045,121047,121049,121052],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121044,56],{"class":55},[49,121046,60],{"class":59},[49,121048,64],{"class":63},[49,121050,121051],{"class":67},"cab",[49,121053,71],{"class":63},[49,121055,121056,121058,121060,121062,121064,121066],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121057,2131],{"class":55},[49,121059,60],{"class":59},[49,121061,74437],{"class":109},[49,121063,92],{"class":85},[49,121065,245],{"class":88},[49,121067,103],{"class":85},[49,121069,121070],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,121071,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,121073,121074,121076,121078,121080],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,121075,110],{"class":109},[49,121077,92],{"class":85},[49,121079,2166],{"class":88},[49,121081,103],{"class":85},[49,121083,121084,121086,121088,121090,121092,121094],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,121085,110],{"class":109},[49,121087,92],{"class":85},[49,121089,3127],{"class":2804},[49,121091,92],{"class":85},[49,121093,2166],{"class":88},[49,121095,1581],{"class":85},[20,121097,121098],{},[666,121099,1974],{},[40,121101,121103],{"className":42,"code":121102,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121104,121105,121133],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121106,121107,121109,121111,121113,121115,121117,121119,121121,121123,121125,121127,121129,121131],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121108,1256],{"class":85},[49,121110,1573],{"class":63},[49,121112,820],{"class":67},[49,121114,1573],{"class":63},[49,121116,341],{"class":85},[49,121118,3202],{"class":63},[49,121120,4667],{"class":67},[49,121122,1573],{"class":63},[49,121124,341],{"class":85},[49,121126,3202],{"class":63},[49,121128,9646],{"class":67},[49,121130,1573],{"class":63},[49,121132,1244],{"class":85},[49,121134,121135,121137,121139,121141,121143,121145],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121136,3196],{"class":59},[49,121138,3199],{"class":1968},[49,121140,3202],{"class":63},[49,121142,8002],{"class":67},[49,121144,1573],{"class":63},[49,121146,3209],{"class":59},[20,121148,121149],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[181,121151,113600],{"id":113599},[20,121153,121154],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[194,121156,121157,121160,121165,121170,121176],{},[197,121158,121159],{},"confusing a function with a method",[197,121161,121162,121163,53542],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121164,64202],{},[197,121166,121167,121168,12505],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121169,77744],{},[197,121171,121172,121173,121175],{},"trying to use ",[15,121174,64202],{}," on non-list data types",[197,121177,50406,121178,121180],{},[15,121179,74303],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121182,121183],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[40,121185,121187],{"className":42,"code":121186,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121188,121189,121199,121213,121238,121253,121263],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121190,121191,121193,121195,121197],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121192,110],{"class":109},[49,121194,92],{"class":85},[49,121196,8248],{"class":88},[49,121198,103],{"class":85},[49,121200,121201,121203,121205,121207,121209,121211],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121202,110],{"class":109},[49,121204,92],{"class":85},[49,121206,74393],{"class":109},[49,121208,92],{"class":85},[49,121210,8248],{"class":88},[49,121212,1581],{"class":85},[49,121214,121215,121217,121219,121221,121223,121225,121227,121230,121232,121234,121236],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,121216,2131],{"class":55},[49,121218,60],{"class":59},[49,121220,8304],{"class":55},[49,121222,32],{"class":85},[49,121224,34706],{"class":88},[49,121226,7272],{"class":85},[49,121228,121229],{"class":55},"; ",[49,121231,110],{"class":109},[49,121233,92],{"class":85},[49,121235,2166],{"class":88},[49,121237,103],{"class":85},[49,121239,121240,121242,121244,121246,121248,121251],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,121241,110],{"class":109},[49,121243,92],{"class":85},[49,121245,3127],{"class":2804},[49,121247,92],{"class":85},[49,121249,121250],{"class":88},"my_data",[49,121252,1581],{"class":85},[49,121254,121255,121257,121259,121261],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,121256,32059],{"class":109},[49,121258,92],{"class":85},[49,121260,74393],{"class":109},[49,121262,103],{"class":85},[49,121264,121265,121267,121269,121271,121273,121275],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,121266,32059],{"class":109},[49,121268,92],{"class":85},[49,121270,8002],{"class":2804},[49,121272,32],{"class":85},[49,121274,34706],{"class":24660},[49,121276,103],{"class":85},[20,121278,84249],{},[194,121280,121281,121284,121288,121296],{},[197,121282,121283],{},"whether your original list changed",[197,121285,25929,121286,11612],{},[15,121287,74303],{},[197,121289,121290,121291,121293,121294],{},"whether ",[15,121292,64202],{}," returned ",[15,121295,3684],{},[197,121297,121298],{},"what type of object you are working with",[181,121300,121302],{"id":121301},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121304,121305],{},"Use this rule:",[194,121307,121308,121316],{},[197,121309,121310,121311,121313,121314],{},"Need a ",[666,121312,119404],{},": use ",[15,121315,74303],{},[197,121317,121318,121319,121313,121322],{},"Need to ",[666,121320,121321],{},"change one list directly",[15,121323,77744],{},[20,121325,121326,121327,121329],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121328,74303],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[181,121331,1704],{"id":1703},[353,121333,121335,121336,634,121338,2394],{"id":121334},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121337,74303],{},[15,121339,77744],{},[20,121341,121342,121344],{},[15,121343,74303],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[353,121346,5065,121348,5068,121350,2394],{"id":121347},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121349,77744],{},[15,121351,3684],{},[20,121353,121354],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[353,121356,5077,121358,121360],{"id":121357},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121359,74303],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121362,121363],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[353,121365,1760,121367,121369],{"id":121366},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121368,64202],{}," on a string?",[20,121371,46264,121372,121374,121375,39832],{},[15,121373,64202],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121376,121377],{},"sorted(string)",[353,121379,11726,121381,380,121383,121385],{"id":121380},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121382,74303],{},[15,121384,64202],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121387,121388,121389,32],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121390,77968],{},[181,121392,1775],{"id":1774},[194,121394,121395,121401,121407,121411,121415],{},[197,121396,121397],{},[820,121398,3482,121399,3415],{"href":74400},[15,121400,74303],{},[197,121402,121403],{},[820,121404,3482,121405,1785],{"href":74654},[15,121406,77744],{},[197,121408,121409],{},[820,121410,79749],{"href":78253},[197,121412,121413],{},[820,121414,120698],{"href":120697},[197,121416,121417],{},[820,121418,52669],{"href":50879},[1834,121420,121421],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":121423},[121424,121425,121426,121430,121434,121437,121441,121445,121450,121460,121461,121462,121474],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":119492,"depth":74,"text":119493},{"id":117595,"depth":74,"text":119317,"children":121427},[121428],{"id":119559,"depth":106,"text":121429},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77810,"depth":74,"text":79771,"children":121431},[121432],{"id":119736,"depth":106,"text":121433},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119832,"depth":74,"text":119833,"children":121435},[121436],{"id":119858,"depth":106,"text":119859},{"id":120064,"depth":74,"text":121438,"children":121439},"When to use sorted()",[121440],{"id":120086,"depth":106,"text":120087},{"id":120221,"depth":74,"text":121442,"children":121443},"When to use list.sort()",[121444],{"id":120244,"depth":106,"text":120245},{"id":120358,"depth":74,"text":121446,"children":121447},"reverse and key work with both",[121448,121449],{"id":120389,"depth":106,"text":120390},{"id":120517,"depth":106,"text":120518},{"id":120701,"depth":74,"text":120702,"children":121451},[121452,121454,121456,121458],{"id":120708,"depth":106,"text":121453},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120832,"depth":106,"text":121455},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120981,"depth":106,"text":121457},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121032,"depth":106,"text":121459},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113599,"depth":74,"text":113600},{"id":121301,"depth":74,"text":121302},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":121463},[121464,121466,121468,121470,121472],{"id":121334,"depth":106,"text":121465},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121347,"depth":106,"text":121467},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121357,"depth":106,"text":121469},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121366,"depth":106,"text":121471},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121380,"depth":106,"text":121473},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119363,"description":121475},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121481,"title":42076,"body":121482,"description":123213,"extension":1866,"meta":123214,"navigation":128,"path":123215,"seo":123216,"stem":123217,"__hash__":123218},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121483,"toc":123170},[121484,121489,121494,121500,121502,121557,121561,121584,121589,121594,121599,121601,121632,121635,121649,121651,121653,121668,121673,121677,121680,121731,121735,121749,121756,121760,121764,121819,121823,121846,121850,121906,121910,121933,121937,121992,121996,122019,122023,122090,122094,122129,122135,122140,122145,122147,122161,122163,122237,122241,122261,122266,122273,122276,122288,122290,122359,122363,122400,122403,122428,122435,122443,122446,122458,122464,122470,122472,122478,122483,122562,122566,122607,122611,122613,122640,122643,122666,122669,122675,122678,122715,122727,122734,122736,122787,122790,122822,122825,122827,122834,122836,122851,122853,122910,122914,122938,122940,122945,122961,122968,122972,122975,123058,123068,123070,123075,123078,123084,123087,123093,123096,123102,123105,123112,123120,123122,123167],[10,121485,3482,121487,3486],{"id":121486},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121488,47583],{},[20,121490,32224,121491,121493],{},[15,121492,47583],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121495,121496,121497,121499],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121498,47583],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[181,121501,1907],{"id":1906},[40,121503,121505],{"className":42,"code":121504,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121506,121507,121515,121529,121533,121543],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121508,121509,121511,121513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121510,21538],{"class":55},[49,121512,60],{"class":59},[49,121514,45125],{"class":458},[49,121516,121517,121519,121521,121523,121525,121527],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121518,56],{"class":55},[49,121520,60],{"class":59},[49,121522,48804],{"class":2804},[49,121524,92],{"class":85},[49,121526,9205],{"class":88},[49,121528,103],{"class":85},[49,121530,121531],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,121532,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,121534,121535,121537,121539,121541],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,121536,110],{"class":109},[49,121538,92],{"class":85},[49,121540,245],{"class":88},[49,121542,103],{"class":85},[49,121544,121545,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,121546,110],{"class":109},[49,121548,92],{"class":85},[49,121550,3127],{"class":2804},[49,121552,92],{"class":85},[49,121554,245],{"class":88},[49,121556,1581],{"class":85},[20,121558,121559],{},[666,121560,1974],{},[40,121562,121564],{"className":42,"code":121563,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121565,121566,121570],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121567,121568],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121569,2612],{"class":458},[49,121571,121572,121574,121576,121578,121580,121582],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121573,3196],{"class":59},[49,121575,3199],{"class":1968},[49,121577,3202],{"class":63},[49,121579,3349],{"class":67},[49,121581,1573],{"class":63},[49,121583,3209],{"class":59},[20,121585,35,121586,121588],{},[15,121587,47583],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[181,121590,184,121592,187],{"id":121591},"what-str-does",[15,121593,47583],{},[20,121595,121596,121598],{},[15,121597,47583],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121600,2011],{},[194,121602,121603,121610,121617,121624],{},[197,121604,121605,121606,42055,121608],{},"An integer like ",[15,121607,2233],{},[15,121609,42026],{},[197,121611,121612,121613,42055,121615],{},"A float like ",[15,121614,40046],{},[15,121616,47994],{},[197,121618,121619,121620,42055,121622],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121621,633],{},[15,121623,6547],{},[197,121625,121626,121627,42055,121629],{},"A list like ",[15,121628,75125],{},[15,121630,121631],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121633,121634],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[194,121636,121637,121640,121643,121646],{},[197,121638,121639],{},"print it",[197,121641,121642],{},"combine it with other strings",[197,121644,121645],{},"save it to a file",[197,121647,121648],{},"use it in messages",[181,121650,316],{"id":315},[20,121652,7124],{},[40,121654,121656],{"className":42,"code":121655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"str(object)\n",[15,121657,121658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121659,121660,121662,121664,121666],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121661,3349],{"class":2804},[49,121663,92],{"class":85},[49,121665,42299],{"class":2804},[49,121667,103],{"class":85},[20,121669,305,121670,121672],{},[15,121671,42299],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121674,121675,8134],{},[15,121676,47583],{},[20,121678,121679],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[40,121681,121683],{"className":42,"code":121682,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121684,121685,121694,121717,121721],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121686,121687,121689,121691],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121688,5003],{"class":55},[49,121690,60],{"class":59},[49,121692,121693],{"class":458}," 100\n",[49,121695,121696,121698,121700,121702,121705,121707,121709,121711,121713,121715],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121697,89882],{"class":55},[49,121699,60],{"class":59},[49,121701,64],{"class":63},[49,121703,121704],{"class":67},"Your score is ",[49,121706,95],{"class":63},[49,121708,2357],{"class":59},[49,121710,48804],{"class":2804},[49,121712,92],{"class":85},[49,121714,85396],{"class":88},[49,121716,103],{"class":85},[49,121718,121719],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,121720,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,121722,121723,121725,121727,121729],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,121724,110],{"class":109},[49,121726,92],{"class":85},[49,121728,89899],{"class":88},[49,121730,103],{"class":85},[20,121732,121733],{},[666,121734,1974],{},[40,121736,121738],{"className":42,"code":121737,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121739,121740],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121741,121742,121745,121747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121743,121744],{"class":55},"Your score ",[49,121746,12101],{"class":59},[49,121748,121693],{"class":458},[20,121750,2198,121751,121755],{},[820,121752,121753,2205],{"href":2201},[15,121754,2204],{}," can help you check.",[181,121757,121759],{"id":121758},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[353,121761,121763],{"id":121762},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[40,121765,121767],{"className":42,"code":121766,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121768,121769,121777,121791,121795,121805],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121770,121771,121773,121775],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121772,2119],{"class":55},[49,121774,60],{"class":59},[49,121776,2490],{"class":458},[49,121778,121779,121781,121783,121785,121787,121789],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121780,56],{"class":55},[49,121782,60],{"class":59},[49,121784,48804],{"class":2804},[49,121786,92],{"class":85},[49,121788,2141],{"class":88},[49,121790,103],{"class":85},[49,121792,121793],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,121794,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,121796,121797,121799,121801,121803],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,121798,110],{"class":109},[49,121800,92],{"class":85},[49,121802,245],{"class":88},[49,121804,103],{"class":85},[49,121806,121807,121809,121811,121813,121815,121817],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,121808,110],{"class":109},[49,121810,92],{"class":85},[49,121812,3127],{"class":2804},[49,121814,92],{"class":85},[49,121816,245],{"class":88},[49,121818,1581],{"class":85},[20,121820,121821],{},[666,121822,1974],{},[40,121824,121826],{"className":42,"code":121825,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121827,121828,121832],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121829,121830],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121831,2279],{"class":458},[49,121833,121834,121836,121838,121840,121842,121844],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121835,3196],{"class":59},[49,121837,3199],{"class":1968},[49,121839,3202],{"class":63},[49,121841,3349],{"class":67},[49,121843,1573],{"class":63},[49,121845,3209],{"class":59},[353,121847,121849],{"id":121848},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[40,121851,121853],{"className":42,"code":121852,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121854,121855,121864,121878,121882,121892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121856,121857,121859,121861],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121858,40290],{"class":55},[49,121860,60],{"class":59},[49,121862,121863],{"class":458}," 3.14\n",[49,121865,121866,121868,121870,121872,121874,121876],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121867,56],{"class":55},[49,121869,60],{"class":59},[49,121871,48804],{"class":2804},[49,121873,92],{"class":85},[49,121875,25060],{"class":88},[49,121877,103],{"class":85},[49,121879,121880],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,121881,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,121883,121884,121886,121888,121890],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,121885,110],{"class":109},[49,121887,92],{"class":85},[49,121889,245],{"class":88},[49,121891,103],{"class":85},[49,121893,121894,121896,121898,121900,121902,121904],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,121895,110],{"class":109},[49,121897,92],{"class":85},[49,121899,3127],{"class":2804},[49,121901,92],{"class":85},[49,121903,245],{"class":88},[49,121905,1581],{"class":85},[20,121907,121908],{},[666,121909,1974],{},[40,121911,121913],{"className":42,"code":121912,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121914,121915,121919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121916,121917],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121918,40080],{"class":458},[49,121920,121921,121923,121925,121927,121929,121931],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121922,3196],{"class":59},[49,121924,3199],{"class":1968},[49,121926,3202],{"class":63},[49,121928,3349],{"class":67},[49,121930,1573],{"class":63},[49,121932,3209],{"class":59},[353,121934,121936],{"id":121935},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[40,121938,121940],{"className":42,"code":121939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121941,121942,121950,121964,121968,121978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,121943,121944,121946,121948],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,121945,2349],{"class":55},[49,121947,60],{"class":59},[49,121949,6329],{"class":3757},[49,121951,121952,121954,121956,121958,121960,121962],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,121953,56],{"class":55},[49,121955,60],{"class":59},[49,121957,48804],{"class":2804},[49,121959,92],{"class":85},[49,121961,338],{"class":88},[49,121963,103],{"class":85},[49,121965,121966],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,121967,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,121969,121970,121972,121974,121976],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,121971,110],{"class":109},[49,121973,92],{"class":85},[49,121975,245],{"class":88},[49,121977,103],{"class":85},[49,121979,121980,121982,121984,121986,121988,121990],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,121981,110],{"class":109},[49,121983,92],{"class":85},[49,121985,3127],{"class":2804},[49,121987,92],{"class":85},[49,121989,245],{"class":88},[49,121991,1581],{"class":85},[20,121993,121994],{},[666,121995,1974],{},[40,121997,121999],{"className":42,"code":121998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122000,122001,122005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122002,122003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122004,3885],{"class":3757},[49,122006,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122008,3196],{"class":59},[49,122010,3199],{"class":1968},[49,122012,3202],{"class":63},[49,122014,3349],{"class":67},[49,122016,1573],{"class":63},[49,122018,3209],{"class":59},[353,122020,122022],{"id":122021},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[40,122024,122026],{"className":42,"code":122025,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122027,122028,122048,122062,122066,122076],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122029,122030,122032,122034,122036,122038,122040,122042,122044,122046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122031,7687],{"class":55},[49,122033,60],{"class":59},[49,122035,3530],{"class":85},[49,122037,1223],{"class":458},[49,122039,341],{"class":85},[49,122041,2896],{"class":458},[49,122043,341],{"class":85},[49,122045,2354],{"class":458},[49,122047,1244],{"class":85},[49,122049,122050,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122051,56],{"class":55},[49,122053,60],{"class":59},[49,122055,48804],{"class":2804},[49,122057,92],{"class":85},[49,122059,7718],{"class":88},[49,122061,103],{"class":85},[49,122063,122064],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,122065,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,122067,122068,122070,122072,122074],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,122069,110],{"class":109},[49,122071,92],{"class":85},[49,122073,245],{"class":88},[49,122075,103],{"class":85},[49,122077,122078,122080,122082,122084,122086,122088],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,122079,110],{"class":109},[49,122081,92],{"class":85},[49,122083,3127],{"class":2804},[49,122085,92],{"class":85},[49,122087,245],{"class":88},[49,122089,1581],{"class":85},[20,122091,122092],{},[666,122093,1974],{},[40,122095,122097],{"className":42,"code":122096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122098,122099,122115],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122100,122101,122103,122105,122107,122109,122111,122113],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122102,1256],{"class":85},[49,122104,1223],{"class":458},[49,122106,341],{"class":85},[49,122108,2896],{"class":458},[49,122110,341],{"class":85},[49,122112,2354],{"class":458},[49,122114,1244],{"class":85},[49,122116,122117,122119,122121,122123,122125,122127],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122118,3196],{"class":59},[49,122120,3199],{"class":1968},[49,122122,3202],{"class":63},[49,122124,3349],{"class":67},[49,122126,1573],{"class":63},[49,122128,3209],{"class":59},[20,122130,122131,122132,122134],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[666,122133,4536],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[181,122136,4868,122138],{"id":122137},"when-to-use-str",[15,122139,47583],{},[20,122141,35,122142,122144],{},[15,122143,47583],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122146,36330],{},[194,122148,122149,122152,122155,122158],{},[197,122150,122151],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[197,122153,122154],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[197,122156,122157],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[197,122159,122160],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122162,214],{},[40,122164,122166],{"className":42,"code":122165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122167,122168,122180,122188,122192,122227],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122169,122170,122172,122174,122176,122178],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122171,7785],{"class":55},[49,122173,60],{"class":59},[49,122175,64],{"class":63},[49,122177,11415],{"class":67},[49,122179,71],{"class":63},[49,122181,122182,122184,122186],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122183,21538],{"class":55},[49,122185,60],{"class":59},[49,122187,45125],{"class":458},[49,122189,122190],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,122191,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,122193,122194,122196,122198,122200,122202,122204,122206,122208,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220,122222,122225],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,122195,89882],{"class":55},[49,122197,60],{"class":59},[49,122199,35874],{"class":55},[49,122201,1261],{"class":59},[49,122203,64],{"class":63},[49,122205,4690],{"class":67},[49,122207,95],{"class":63},[49,122209,2357],{"class":59},[49,122211,48804],{"class":2804},[49,122213,92],{"class":85},[49,122215,9205],{"class":88},[49,122217,118],{"class":85},[49,122219,2357],{"class":59},[49,122221,64],{"class":63},[49,122223,122224],{"class":67}," years old.",[49,122226,71],{"class":63},[49,122228,122229,122231,122233,122235],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,122230,110],{"class":109},[49,122232,92],{"class":85},[49,122234,89899],{"class":88},[49,122236,103],{"class":85},[20,122238,122239],{},[666,122240,1974],{},[40,122242,122244],{"className":42,"code":122243,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122245,122246],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122247,122248,122251,122253,122255,122258],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122249,122250],{"class":55},"Maya ",[49,122252,12101],{"class":59},[49,122254,9212],{"class":458},[49,122256,122257],{"class":55}," years old",[49,122259,122260],{"class":85},".\n",[20,122262,122263,122264,32],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[820,122265,89569],{"href":89568},[181,122267,122269,983,122271],{"id":122268},"str-vs-print",[15,122270,47583],{},[15,122272,46351],{},[20,122274,122275],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[194,122277,122278,122283],{},[197,122279,122280,122282],{},[15,122281,47583],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[197,122284,122285,122287],{},[15,122286,46351],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122289,214],{},[40,122291,122293],{"className":42,"code":122292,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122294,122295,122303,122307,122321,122331,122345],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122296,122297,122299,122301],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122298,2349],{"class":55},[49,122300,60],{"class":59},[49,122302,2672],{"class":458},[49,122304,122305],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122306,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,122308,122309,122311,122313,122315,122317,122319],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,122310,56],{"class":55},[49,122312,60],{"class":59},[49,122314,48804],{"class":2804},[49,122316,92],{"class":85},[49,122318,338],{"class":88},[49,122320,103],{"class":85},[49,122322,122323,122325,122327,122329],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,122324,110],{"class":109},[49,122326,92],{"class":85},[49,122328,245],{"class":88},[49,122330,103],{"class":85},[49,122332,122333,122335,122337,122339,122341,122343],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,122334,110],{"class":109},[49,122336,92],{"class":85},[49,122338,3127],{"class":2804},[49,122340,92],{"class":85},[49,122342,245],{"class":88},[49,122344,1581],{"class":85},[49,122346,122347,122349,122351,122353,122355,122357],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,122348,110],{"class":109},[49,122350,92],{"class":85},[49,122352,3127],{"class":2804},[49,122354,92],{"class":85},[49,122356,338],{"class":88},[49,122358,1581],{"class":85},[20,122360,122361],{},[666,122362,1974],{},[40,122364,122366],{"className":42,"code":122365,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122367,122368,122372,122386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122369,122370],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122371,46511],{"class":458},[49,122373,122374,122376,122378,122380,122382,122384],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122375,3196],{"class":59},[49,122377,3199],{"class":1968},[49,122379,3202],{"class":63},[49,122381,3349],{"class":67},[49,122383,1573],{"class":63},[49,122385,3209],{"class":59},[49,122387,122388,122390,122392,122394,122396,122398],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,122389,3196],{"class":59},[49,122391,3199],{"class":1968},[49,122393,3202],{"class":63},[49,122395,2090],{"class":67},[49,122397,1573],{"class":63},[49,122399,3209],{"class":59},[20,122401,122402],{},"Notice:",[194,122404,122405,122411,122416],{},[197,122406,122407,122410],{},[15,122408,122409],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[197,122412,122413,122415],{},[15,122414,46351],{}," only displayed values",[197,122417,122418,122420,122421,122423,122424,61191,122426],{},[15,122419,46351],{}," did not change ",[15,122422,338],{}," from ",[15,122425,2090],{},[15,122427,3349],{},[20,122429,122430,122431,32],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[820,122432,122433,2205],{"href":46348},[15,122434,46351],{},[181,122436,122438,983,122440,122442],{"id":122437},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122439,47583],{},[15,122441,1683],{}," for beginners",[20,122444,122445],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[194,122447,122448,122453],{},[197,122449,122450,122452],{},[15,122451,47583],{}," is the more readable text version",[197,122454,122455,122457],{},[15,122456,1683],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122459,122460,122461,122463],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122462,47583],{}," much more often.",[20,122465,122466,122467,122469],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122468,47583],{}," is usually the right choice.",[181,122471,4425],{"id":4424},[353,122473,25684,122475,122477],{"id":122474},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122476,47583],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122479,122480,122482],{},[15,122481,47583],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[40,122484,122486],{"className":42,"code":122485,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122487,122488,122496,122510,122514,122524,122538,122548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122489,122490,122492,122494],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122491,21538],{"class":55},[49,122493,60],{"class":59},[49,122495,45125],{"class":458},[49,122497,122498,122500,122502,122504,122506,122508],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122499,56],{"class":55},[49,122501,60],{"class":59},[49,122503,48804],{"class":2804},[49,122505,92],{"class":85},[49,122507,9205],{"class":88},[49,122509,103],{"class":85},[49,122511,122512],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,122513,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,122515,122516,122518,122520,122522],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,122517,110],{"class":109},[49,122519,92],{"class":85},[49,122521,9205],{"class":88},[49,122523,103],{"class":85},[49,122525,122526,122528,122530,122532,122534,122536],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,122527,110],{"class":109},[49,122529,92],{"class":85},[49,122531,3127],{"class":2804},[49,122533,92],{"class":85},[49,122535,9205],{"class":88},[49,122537,1581],{"class":85},[49,122539,122540,122542,122544,122546],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,122541,110],{"class":109},[49,122543,92],{"class":85},[49,122545,245],{"class":88},[49,122547,103],{"class":85},[49,122549,122550,122552,122554,122556,122558,122560],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,122551,110],{"class":109},[49,122553,92],{"class":85},[49,122555,3127],{"class":2804},[49,122557,92],{"class":85},[49,122559,245],{"class":88},[49,122561,1581],{"class":85},[20,122563,122564],{},[666,122565,1974],{},[40,122567,122569],{"className":42,"code":122568,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122570,122571,122575,122589,122593],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122572,122573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122574,2612],{"class":458},[49,122576,122577,122579,122581,122583,122585,122587],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122578,3196],{"class":59},[49,122580,3199],{"class":1968},[49,122582,3202],{"class":63},[49,122584,2090],{"class":67},[49,122586,1573],{"class":63},[49,122588,3209],{"class":59},[49,122590,122591],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,122592,2612],{"class":458},[49,122594,122595,122597,122599,122601,122603,122605],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,122596,3196],{"class":59},[49,122598,3199],{"class":1968},[49,122600,3202],{"class":63},[49,122602,3349],{"class":67},[49,122604,1573],{"class":63},[49,122606,3209],{"class":59},[353,122608,122610],{"id":122609},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122612,6594],{},[40,122614,122616],{"className":42,"code":122615,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122617,122618,122626],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122619,122620,122622,122624],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122621,21538],{"class":55},[49,122623,60],{"class":59},[49,122625,45125],{"class":458},[49,122627,122628,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122629,56],{"class":55},[49,122631,60],{"class":59},[49,122633,48804],{"class":2804},[49,122635,92],{"class":85},[49,122637,9205],{"class":88},[49,122639,103],{"class":85},[20,122641,122642],{},"But if you only do this:",[40,122644,122646],{"className":42,"code":122645,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122647,122648,122656],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122649,122650,122652,122654],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122651,21538],{"class":55},[49,122653,60],{"class":59},[49,122655,45125],{"class":458},[49,122657,122658,122660,122662,122664],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122659,3349],{"class":2804},[49,122661,92],{"class":85},[49,122663,9205],{"class":88},[49,122665,103],{"class":85},[20,122667,122668],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[353,122670,644,122672,122674],{"id":122671},"using-str-too-early",[15,122673,47583],{}," too early",[20,122676,122677],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[40,122679,122681],{"className":42,"code":122680,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122682,122683,122691,122706,122710],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122684,122685,122687,122689],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122686,40290],{"class":55},[49,122688,60],{"class":59},[49,122690,2490],{"class":458},[49,122692,122693,122696,122698,122700,122702,122704],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122694,122695],{"class":55},"text_price ",[49,122697,60],{"class":59},[49,122699,48804],{"class":2804},[49,122701,92],{"class":85},[49,122703,25060],{"class":88},[49,122705,103],{"class":85},[49,122707,122708],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,122709,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,122711,122712],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,122713,122714],{"class":121},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122716,122717,122718,634,122722,122726],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[820,122719,122720],{"href":2777},[15,122721,2780],{},[820,122723,122724],{"href":2783},[15,122725,2786],{},", depending on the situation.",[353,122728,1318,122730,122733],{"id":122729},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122731,122732],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122735,64533],{},[40,122737,122739],{"className":42,"code":122738,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122740,122741,122773],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122742,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751,122753,122755,122757,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767,122769,122771],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122744,7687],{"class":55},[49,122746,60],{"class":59},[49,122748,3530],{"class":85},[49,122750,95],{"class":63},[49,122752,3985],{"class":67},[49,122754,95],{"class":63},[49,122756,341],{"class":85},[49,122758,64],{"class":63},[49,122760,230],{"class":67},[49,122762,95],{"class":63},[49,122764,341],{"class":85},[49,122766,64],{"class":63},[49,122768,33128],{"class":67},[49,122770,95],{"class":63},[49,122772,1244],{"class":85},[49,122774,122775,122777,122779,122781,122783,122785],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122776,110],{"class":109},[49,122778,92],{"class":85},[49,122780,3349],{"class":2804},[49,122782,92],{"class":85},[49,122784,7718],{"class":88},[49,122786,1581],{"class":85},[20,122788,122789],{},"prints:",[40,122791,122792],{"className":42,"code":72716,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,122793,122794],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122795,122796,122798,122800,122802,122804,122806,122808,122810,122812,122814,122816,122818,122820],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122797,1256],{"class":85},[49,122799,1573],{"class":63},[49,122801,3985],{"class":67},[49,122803,1573],{"class":63},[49,122805,341],{"class":85},[49,122807,3202],{"class":63},[49,122809,230],{"class":67},[49,122811,1573],{"class":63},[49,122813,341],{"class":85},[49,122815,3202],{"class":63},[49,122817,33128],{"class":67},[49,122819,1573],{"class":63},[49,122821,1244],{"class":85},[20,122823,122824],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[181,122826,17328],{"id":17327},[20,122828,122829,21885,122831,32],{},[15,122830,47583],{},[666,122832,122833],{},"new string",[20,122835,11364],{},[194,122837,122838,122841,122844],{},[197,122839,122840],{},"It always returns a string",[197,122842,122843],{},"It does not modify the original object",[197,122845,7670,122846,122850],{},[820,122847,122848],{"href":2201},[15,122849,2204],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122852,214],{},[40,122854,122856],{"className":42,"code":122855,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122857,122858,122866,122881,122885,122896],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122859,122860,122862,122864],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122861,2349],{"class":55},[49,122863,60],{"class":59},[49,122865,14040],{"class":458},[49,122867,122868,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122869,122870],{"class":55},"converted ",[49,122872,60],{"class":59},[49,122874,48804],{"class":2804},[49,122876,92],{"class":85},[49,122878,338],{"class":88},[49,122880,103],{"class":85},[49,122882,122883],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,122884,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,122886,122887,122889,122891,122894],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,122888,110],{"class":109},[49,122890,92],{"class":85},[49,122892,122893],{"class":88},"converted",[49,122895,103],{"class":85},[49,122897,122898,122900,122902,122904,122906,122908],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,122899,110],{"class":109},[49,122901,92],{"class":85},[49,122903,3127],{"class":2804},[49,122905,92],{"class":85},[49,122907,122893],{"class":88},[49,122909,1581],{"class":85},[20,122911,122912],{},[666,122913,1974],{},[40,122915,122917],{"className":42,"code":122916,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122918,122919,122924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122920,122921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122922,122923],{"class":458},"99\n",[49,122925,122926,122928,122930,122932,122934,122936],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122927,3196],{"class":59},[49,122929,3199],{"class":1968},[49,122931,3202],{"class":63},[49,122933,3349],{"class":67},[49,122935,1573],{"class":63},[49,122937,3209],{"class":59},[181,122939,113600],{"id":113599},[20,122941,122942,122943,74694],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122944,47583],{},[194,122946,122947,122950,122953,122958],{},[197,122948,122949],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[197,122951,122952],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[197,122954,644,122955,122957],{},[15,122956,47583],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[197,122959,122960],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122962,122963,122964,32],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[820,122965,1129,122966],{"href":90280},[15,122967,90281],{},[181,122969,122971],{"id":122970},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122973,122974],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[40,122976,122978],{"className":42,"code":122977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122979,122980,122988,122992,123002,123016,123020,123034,123044],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,122981,122982,122984,122986],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,122983,2349],{"class":55},[49,122985,60],{"class":59},[49,122987,45125],{"class":458},[49,122989,122990],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,122991,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,122993,122994,122996,122998,123000],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,122995,110],{"class":109},[49,122997,92],{"class":85},[49,122999,338],{"class":88},[49,123001,103],{"class":85},[49,123003,123004,123006,123008,123010,123012,123014],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,123005,110],{"class":109},[49,123007,92],{"class":85},[49,123009,3127],{"class":2804},[49,123011,92],{"class":85},[49,123013,338],{"class":88},[49,123015,1581],{"class":85},[49,123017,123018],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,123019,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,123021,123022,123024,123026,123028,123030,123032],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,123023,122870],{"class":55},[49,123025,60],{"class":59},[49,123027,48804],{"class":2804},[49,123029,92],{"class":85},[49,123031,338],{"class":88},[49,123033,103],{"class":85},[49,123035,123036,123038,123040,123042],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,123037,110],{"class":109},[49,123039,92],{"class":85},[49,123041,122893],{"class":88},[49,123043,103],{"class":85},[49,123045,123046,123048,123050,123052,123054,123056],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,123047,110],{"class":109},[49,123049,92],{"class":85},[49,123051,3127],{"class":2804},[49,123053,92],{"class":85},[49,123055,122893],{"class":88},[49,123057,1581],{"class":85},[20,123059,123060,123061,2091,123063,123065,123066,32],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123062,2090],{},[15,123064,2094],{},", or another type into ",[15,123067,3349],{},[181,123069,1704],{"id":1703},[353,123071,5050,123073,5053],{"id":123072},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123074,47583],{},[20,123076,123077],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[353,123079,1720,123081,123083],{"id":123080},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123082,47583],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123085,123086],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[353,123088,5077,123090,123092],{"id":123089},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123091,47583],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123094,123095],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[353,123097,94465,123099,123101],{"id":123098},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123100,47583],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123103,123104],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[353,123106,14813,123108,57103,123110,2394],{"id":123107},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123109,47583],{},[15,123111,46351],{},[20,123113,46264,123114,123116,123117,123119],{},[15,123115,47583],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123118,46351],{}," shows output.",[181,123121,1775],{"id":1774},[194,123123,123124,123130,123136,123142,123148,123157,123161],{},[197,123125,123126],{},[820,123127,123128,3415],{"href":46348},[15,123129,46351],{},[197,123131,123132],{},[820,123133,123134,3415],{"href":2201},[15,123135,2204],{},[197,123137,123138],{},[820,123139,123140,3415],{"href":2777},[15,123141,2780],{},[197,123143,123144],{},[820,123145,123146,3415],{"href":2783},[15,123147,2786],{},[197,123149,123150],{},[820,123151,123153,123154,123156],{"href":123152},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123155,2090],{}," to string in Python",[197,123158,123159],{},[820,123160,90557],{"href":89568},[197,123162,123163],{},[820,123164,30253,123165],{"href":90280},[15,123166,90281],{},[1834,123168,123169],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":123171},[123172,123173,123175,123176,123182,123184,123186,123188,123197,123198,123199,123200,123212],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":121591,"depth":74,"text":123174},"What str() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":121758,"depth":74,"text":121759,"children":123177},[123178,123179,123180,123181],{"id":121762,"depth":106,"text":121763},{"id":121848,"depth":106,"text":121849},{"id":121935,"depth":106,"text":121936},{"id":122021,"depth":106,"text":122022},{"id":122137,"depth":74,"text":123183},"When to use str()",{"id":122268,"depth":74,"text":123185},"str() vs print()",{"id":122437,"depth":74,"text":123187},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":123189},[123190,123192,123193,123195],{"id":122474,"depth":106,"text":123191},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122609,"depth":106,"text":122610},{"id":122671,"depth":106,"text":123194},"Using str() too early",{"id":122729,"depth":106,"text":123196},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":113599,"depth":74,"text":113600},{"id":122970,"depth":74,"text":122971},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":123201},[123202,123204,123206,123208,123210],{"id":123072,"depth":106,"text":123203},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123080,"depth":106,"text":123205},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123089,"depth":106,"text":123207},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123098,"depth":106,"text":123209},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123107,"depth":106,"text":123211},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42076,"description":123213},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123220,"title":123221,"body":123222,"description":124661,"extension":1866,"meta":124662,"navigation":128,"path":124663,"seo":124664,"stem":124665,"__hash__":124666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123223,"toc":124623},[123224,123229,123234,123237,123259,123261,123322,123324,123337,123343,123348,123353,123355,123368,123379,123381,123408,123410,123426,123433,123444,123446,123451,123453,123465,123473,123481,123483,123486,123539,123541,123549,123557,123561,123566,123606,123608,123616,123619,123621,123661,123663,123671,123680,123686,123689,123762,123764,123777,123781,123786,123814,123817,123852,123854,123862,123865,123867,123871,123873,123889,123891,123931,123933,123941,123949,123992,123994,124002,124004,124008,124014,124017,124057,124059,124067,124072,124075,124118,124122,124125,124160,124165,124167,124206,124215,124223,124233,124240,124244,124249,124251,124292,124294,124302,124307,124310,124313,124331,124337,124341,124346,124349,124388,124390,124395,124494,124497,124513,124515,124534,124536,124543,124546,124551,124554,124560,124564,124570,124573,124579,124582,124584,124620],[10,123225,13,123227,18],{"id":123226},"python-string-count-method",[15,123228,57188],{},[20,123230,22,123231,123233],{},[15,123232,57188],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123235,123236],{},"This reference page explains:",[194,123238,123239,123243,123246,123248,123256],{},[197,123240,25929,123241,187],{},[15,123242,57188],{},[197,123244,123245],{},"its syntax",[197,123247,35301],{},[197,123249,123250,123251,380,123253,123255],{},"how ",[15,123252,368],{},[15,123254,374],{}," work",[197,123257,123258],{},"common beginner mistakes",[181,123260,1907],{"id":1906},[40,123262,123264],{"className":42,"code":123263,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123265,123266,123278,123300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123267,123268,123270,123272,123274,123276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123269,56],{"class":55},[49,123271,60],{"class":59},[49,123273,64],{"class":63},[49,123275,230],{"class":67},[49,123277,71],{"class":63},[49,123279,123280,123282,123284,123286,123288,123290,123292,123294,123296,123298],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123281,110],{"class":109},[49,123283,92],{"class":85},[49,123285,245],{"class":88},[49,123287,32],{"class":85},[49,123289,41160],{"class":88},[49,123291,92],{"class":85},[49,123293,95],{"class":63},[49,123295,820],{"class":67},[49,123297,95],{"class":63},[49,123299,1581],{"class":85},[49,123301,123302,123304,123306,123308,123310,123312,123314,123316,123318,123320],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,123303,110],{"class":109},[49,123305,92],{"class":85},[49,123307,245],{"class":88},[49,123309,32],{"class":85},[49,123311,41160],{"class":88},[49,123313,92],{"class":85},[49,123315,95],{"class":63},[49,123317,256],{"class":67},[49,123319,95],{"class":63},[49,123321,1581],{"class":85},[20,123323,1974],{},[40,123325,123327],{"className":42,"code":123326,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"3\n2\n",[15,123328,123329,123333],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123330,123331],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123332,46516],{"class":458},[49,123334,123335],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123336,16968],{"class":458},[20,123338,35,123339,123342],{},[15,123340,123341],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[181,123344,12904,123346,12907],{"id":123345},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123347,57188],{},[20,123349,123350,123352],{},[15,123351,57188],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123354,12960],{},[194,123356,123357,123360,123363,123365],{},[197,123358,123359],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[197,123361,123362],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[197,123364,43557],{},[197,123366,123367],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123369,123370,123371,123373,123374,2091,123376,123378],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123372,18006],{}," characters are in ",[15,123375,65160],{},[15,123377,57188],{}," is a simple choice.",[181,123380,316],{"id":315},[40,123382,123384],{"className":42,"code":123383,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123385,123386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123387,123388,123390,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400,123402,123404,123406],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123389,329],{"class":55},[49,123391,32],{"class":85},[49,123393,41160],{"class":88},[49,123395,92],{"class":85},[49,123397,338],{"class":88},[49,123399,341],{"class":85},[49,123401,344],{"class":88},[49,123403,341],{"class":85},[49,123405,349],{"class":88},[49,123407,103],{"class":85},[353,123409,356],{"id":355},[194,123411,123412,123416,123421],{},[197,123413,123414,363],{},[15,123415,338],{},[197,123417,123418,123420],{},[15,123419,368],{},": optional; where counting begins",[197,123422,123423,123425],{},[15,123424,374],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123427,123428,380,123430,123432],{},[15,123429,368],{},[15,123431,374],{}," work like slice positions:",[194,123434,123435,123440],{},[197,123436,123437,123439],{},[15,123438,368],{}," is included",[197,123441,123442,75618],{},[15,123443,374],{},[181,123445,17328],{"id":17327},[20,123447,123448,123450],{},[15,123449,57188],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123452,2029],{},[194,123454,123455,123460],{},[197,123456,123457,123458],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123459,1965],{},[197,123461,123462,123463],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123464,516],{},[20,123466,40808,123467,5068,123469,634,123471,32],{},[666,123468,4536],{},[15,123470,633],{},[15,123472,637],{},[20,123474,123475,123476,123480],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[820,123477,123478,101474],{"href":1303},[15,123479,3788],{}," is often a better fit.",[181,123482,11381],{"id":11380},[20,123484,123485],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[40,123487,123489],{"className":42,"code":123488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123490,123491,123503,123525,123529],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123492,123493,123495,123497,123499,123501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123494,56],{"class":55},[49,123496,60],{"class":59},[49,123498,64],{"class":63},[49,123500,3985],{"class":67},[49,123502,71],{"class":63},[49,123504,123505,123507,123509,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123506,2131],{"class":55},[49,123508,60],{"class":59},[49,123510,82],{"class":55},[49,123512,32],{"class":85},[49,123514,41160],{"class":88},[49,123516,92],{"class":85},[49,123518,95],{"class":63},[49,123520,20],{"class":67},[49,123522,95],{"class":63},[49,123524,103],{"class":85},[49,123526,123527],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,123528,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,123530,123531,123533,123535,123537],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,123532,110],{"class":109},[49,123534,92],{"class":85},[49,123536,2166],{"class":88},[49,123538,103],{"class":85},[20,123540,1974],{},[40,123542,123543],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123544,123545],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123546,123547],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123548,16968],{"class":458},[20,123550,63710,123551,123554,123555,32],{},[15,123552,123553],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123556,57729],{},[181,123558,123560],{"id":123559},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123562,123563,123565],{},[15,123564,57188],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[40,123567,123569],{"className":42,"code":123568,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123570,123571,123584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123572,123573,123575,123577,123579,123582],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123574,56],{"class":55},[49,123576,60],{"class":59},[49,123578,64],{"class":63},[49,123580,123581],{"class":67},"cat dog cat bird cat",[49,123583,71],{"class":63},[49,123585,123586,123588,123590,123592,123594,123596,123598,123600,123602,123604],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123587,110],{"class":109},[49,123589,92],{"class":85},[49,123591,245],{"class":88},[49,123593,32],{"class":85},[49,123595,41160],{"class":88},[49,123597,92],{"class":85},[49,123599,95],{"class":63},[49,123601,36952],{"class":67},[49,123603,95],{"class":63},[49,123605,1581],{"class":85},[20,123607,1974],{},[40,123609,123610],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123611,123612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123613,123614],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123615,46516],{"class":458},[20,123617,123618],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123620,214],{},[40,123622,123624],{"className":42,"code":123623,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123625,123626,123639],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123627,123628,123630,123632,123634,123637],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123629,56],{"class":55},[49,123631,60],{"class":59},[49,123633,64],{"class":63},[49,123635,123636],{"class":67},"one One one",[49,123638,71],{"class":63},[49,123640,123641,123643,123645,123647,123649,123651,123653,123655,123657,123659],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123642,110],{"class":109},[49,123644,92],{"class":85},[49,123646,245],{"class":88},[49,123648,32],{"class":85},[49,123650,41160],{"class":88},[49,123652,92],{"class":85},[49,123654,95],{"class":63},[49,123656,6491],{"class":67},[49,123658,95],{"class":63},[49,123660,1581],{"class":85},[20,123662,1974],{},[40,123664,123665],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123666,123667],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123668,123669],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123670,16968],{"class":458},[20,123672,123673,123674,123677,123678,840],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123675,123676],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123679,57188],{},[181,123681,644,123682,380,123684],{"id":643},[15,123683,368],{},[15,123685,374],{},[20,123687,123688],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[40,123690,123692],{"className":42,"code":123691,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123693,123694,123706,123732],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123695,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123697,56],{"class":55},[49,123699,60],{"class":59},[49,123701,64],{"class":63},[49,123703,230],{"class":67},[49,123705,71],{"class":63},[49,123707,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722,123724,123726,123728,123730],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123709,110],{"class":109},[49,123711,92],{"class":85},[49,123713,245],{"class":88},[49,123715,32],{"class":85},[49,123717,41160],{"class":88},[49,123719,92],{"class":85},[49,123721,95],{"class":63},[49,123723,820],{"class":67},[49,123725,95],{"class":63},[49,123727,341],{"class":85},[49,123729,2896],{"class":458},[49,123731,1581],{"class":85},[49,123733,123734,123736,123738,123740,123742,123744,123746,123748,123750,123752,123754,123756,123758,123760],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,123735,110],{"class":109},[49,123737,92],{"class":85},[49,123739,245],{"class":88},[49,123741,32],{"class":85},[49,123743,41160],{"class":88},[49,123745,92],{"class":85},[49,123747,95],{"class":63},[49,123749,820],{"class":67},[49,123751,95],{"class":63},[49,123753,341],{"class":85},[49,123755,2896],{"class":458},[49,123757,341],{"class":85},[49,123759,459],{"class":458},[49,123761,1581],{"class":85},[20,123763,1974],{},[40,123765,123767],{"className":42,"code":123766,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"2\n1\n",[15,123768,123769,123773],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123770,123771],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123772,16968],{"class":458},[49,123774,123775],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123776,46816],{"class":458},[353,123778,123780],{"id":123779},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123782,123783,123784,1197],{},"In ",[15,123785,65160],{},[194,123787,123788,123796,123804],{},[197,123789,70846,123790,123792,123793],{},[15,123791,312],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123794,123795],{},"\"n\"",[197,123797,123798,123801,123802,75916],{},[15,123799,123800],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123803,312],{},[197,123805,123806,123801,123809,123811,123812],{},[15,123807,123808],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123810,312],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123813,2040],{},[20,123815,123816],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[40,123818,123820],{"className":42,"code":123819,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123821,123822,123834],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123823,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123825,56],{"class":55},[49,123827,60],{"class":59},[49,123829,64],{"class":63},[49,123831,230],{"class":67},[49,123833,71],{"class":63},[49,123835,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123837,110],{"class":109},[49,123839,92],{"class":85},[49,123841,245],{"class":88},[49,123843,1256],{"class":85},[49,123845,312],{"class":458},[49,123847,1197],{"class":85},[49,123849,2040],{"class":458},[49,123851,3794],{"class":85},[20,123853,1974],{},[40,123855,123856],{"className":42,"code":41369,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123857,123858],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123859,123860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123861,41369],{"class":55},[20,123863,123864],{},"Only that section is searched.",[181,123866,835],{"id":834},[20,123868,123869,840],{},[15,123870,57188],{},[20,123872,2011],{},[194,123874,123875,123883],{},[197,123876,123877,380,123879,123882],{},[15,123878,18006],{},[15,123880,123881],{},"\"A\""," are different",[197,123884,123885,380,123887,123882],{},[15,123886,849],{},[15,123888,846],{},[20,123890,214],{},[40,123892,123894],{"className":42,"code":123893,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123895,123896,123909],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123897,123898,123900,123902,123904,123907],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123899,56],{"class":55},[49,123901,60],{"class":59},[49,123903,64],{"class":63},[49,123905,123906],{"class":67},"Apple apple APPLE",[49,123908,71],{"class":63},[49,123910,123911,123913,123915,123917,123919,123921,123923,123925,123927,123929],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123912,110],{"class":109},[49,123914,92],{"class":85},[49,123916,245],{"class":88},[49,123918,32],{"class":85},[49,123920,41160],{"class":88},[49,123922,92],{"class":85},[49,123924,95],{"class":63},[49,123926,3985],{"class":67},[49,123928,95],{"class":63},[49,123930,1581],{"class":85},[20,123932,1974],{},[40,123934,123935],{"className":42,"code":46816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123936,123937],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123938,123939],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123940,46816],{"class":458},[20,123942,123943,123944,1197],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[820,123945,123947],{"href":123946},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123948,1689],{},[40,123950,123952],{"className":42,"code":123951,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123953,123954,123966],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123955,123956,123958,123960,123962,123964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,123957,56],{"class":55},[49,123959,60],{"class":59},[49,123961,64],{"class":63},[49,123963,123906],{"class":67},[49,123965,71],{"class":63},[49,123967,123968,123970,123972,123974,123976,123978,123980,123982,123984,123986,123988,123990],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,123969,110],{"class":109},[49,123971,92],{"class":85},[49,123973,245],{"class":88},[49,123975,32],{"class":85},[49,123977,960],{"class":88},[49,123979,963],{"class":85},[49,123981,41160],{"class":88},[49,123983,92],{"class":85},[49,123985,95],{"class":63},[49,123987,3985],{"class":67},[49,123989,95],{"class":63},[49,123991,1581],{"class":85},[20,123993,1974],{},[40,123995,123996],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,123997,123998],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,123999,124000],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124001,46516],{"class":458},[181,124003,1308],{"id":1307},[20,124005,23004,124006,32],{},[15,124007,57188],{},[353,124009,1318,124011,124013],{"id":124010},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124012,57188],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124015,124016],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[40,124018,124020],{"className":42,"code":124019,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124021,124022,124035],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124023,124024,124026,124028,124030,124033],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124025,56],{"class":55},[49,124027,60],{"class":59},[49,124029,64],{"class":63},[49,124031,124032],{"class":67},"Aardvark",[49,124034,71],{"class":63},[49,124036,124037,124039,124041,124043,124045,124047,124049,124051,124053,124055],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124038,110],{"class":109},[49,124040,92],{"class":85},[49,124042,245],{"class":88},[49,124044,32],{"class":85},[49,124046,41160],{"class":88},[49,124048,92],{"class":85},[49,124050,95],{"class":63},[49,124052,820],{"class":67},[49,124054,95],{"class":63},[49,124056,1581],{"class":85},[20,124058,1974],{},[40,124060,124061],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,124062,124063],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124064,124065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124066,16968],{"class":458},[20,124068,123673,124069,124071],{},[15,124070,123881],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124073,124074],{},"If needed, convert first:",[40,124076,124078],{"className":42,"code":124077,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124079,124080,124092],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124081,124082,124084,124086,124088,124090],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124083,56],{"class":55},[49,124085,60],{"class":59},[49,124087,64],{"class":63},[49,124089,124032],{"class":67},[49,124091,71],{"class":63},[49,124093,124094,124096,124098,124100,124102,124104,124106,124108,124110,124112,124114,124116],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124095,110],{"class":109},[49,124097,92],{"class":85},[49,124099,245],{"class":88},[49,124101,32],{"class":85},[49,124103,960],{"class":88},[49,124105,963],{"class":85},[49,124107,41160],{"class":88},[49,124109,92],{"class":85},[49,124111,95],{"class":63},[49,124113,820],{"class":67},[49,124115,95],{"class":63},[49,124117,1581],{"class":85},[353,124119,124121],{"id":124120},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124123,124124],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[40,124126,124128],{"className":42,"code":124127,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124129,124130,124142],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124131,124132,124134,124136,124138,124140],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124133,56],{"class":55},[49,124135,60],{"class":59},[49,124137,64],{"class":63},[49,124139,230],{"class":67},[49,124141,71],{"class":63},[49,124143,124144,124146,124148,124150,124152,124154,124156,124158],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124145,110],{"class":109},[49,124147,92],{"class":85},[49,124149,245],{"class":88},[49,124151,32],{"class":85},[49,124153,41160],{"class":88},[49,124155,92],{"class":85},[49,124157,820],{"class":88},[49,124159,1581],{"class":85},[20,124161,124162,124163,32],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124164,820],{},[20,124166,10714],{},[40,124168,124170],{"className":42,"code":124169,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124171,124172,124184],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124173,124174,124176,124178,124180,124182],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124175,56],{"class":55},[49,124177,60],{"class":59},[49,124179,64],{"class":63},[49,124181,230],{"class":67},[49,124183,71],{"class":63},[49,124185,124186,124188,124190,124192,124194,124196,124198,124200,124202,124204],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124187,110],{"class":109},[49,124189,92],{"class":85},[49,124191,245],{"class":88},[49,124193,32],{"class":85},[49,124195,41160],{"class":88},[49,124197,92],{"class":85},[49,124199,95],{"class":63},[49,124201,820],{"class":67},[49,124203,95],{"class":63},[49,124205,1581],{"class":85},[353,124207,1339,124209,1342,124211,634,124213],{"id":124208},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124210,57188],{},[15,124212,17],{},[15,124214,986],{},[20,124216,35,124217,124219,124220,32],{},[15,124218,57188],{}," when you need the ",[666,124221,124222],{},"number of matches",[20,124224,35,124225,124219,124230,124232],{},[820,124226,124228],{"href":124227},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124229,17],{},[666,124231,115],{}," of the first match.",[20,124234,35,124235,124239],{},[820,124236,124237],{"href":1119},[15,124238,986],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[353,124241,124243],{"id":124242},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124245,124246,124248],{},[15,124247,57188],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124250,214],{},[40,124252,124254],{"className":42,"code":124253,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124255,124256,124269],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124257,124258,124260,124262,124264,124267],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124259,56],{"class":55},[49,124261,60],{"class":59},[49,124263,64],{"class":63},[49,124265,124266],{"class":67},"aaaa",[49,124268,71],{"class":63},[49,124270,124271,124273,124275,124277,124279,124281,124283,124285,124288,124290],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124272,110],{"class":109},[49,124274,92],{"class":85},[49,124276,245],{"class":88},[49,124278,32],{"class":85},[49,124280,41160],{"class":88},[49,124282,92],{"class":85},[49,124284,95],{"class":63},[49,124286,124287],{"class":67},"aa",[49,124289,95],{"class":63},[49,124291,1581],{"class":85},[20,124293,1974],{},[40,124295,124296],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,124297,124298],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124299,124300],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124301,16968],{"class":458},[20,124303,124304,124305,32],{},"It does not return ",[15,124306,1965],{},[20,124308,124309],{},"Why not?",[20,124311,124312],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[194,124314,124315,124324],{},[197,124316,124317,124320,124321],{},[15,124318,124319],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124322,124323],{},"0-1",[197,124325,124326,124320,124328],{},[15,124327,124319],{},[15,124329,124330],{},"2-3",[20,124332,124333,124334,32],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124335,124336],{},"1-2",[181,124338,4868,124339],{"id":58269},[15,124340,57188],{},[20,124342,35,124343,124345],{},[15,124344,57188],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124347,124348],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[194,124350,124351,124360,124370,124380],{},[197,124352,35,124353,124355,124356,124359],{},[15,124354,57188],{}," when you need ",[666,124357,124358],{},"how many times"," something appears",[197,124361,35,124362,124355,124366,124369],{},[820,124363,124364],{"href":124227},[15,124365,17],{},[666,124367,124368],{},"where"," it appears",[197,124371,47710,124372,124376,124377],{},[820,124373,124374,101474],{"href":1303},[15,124375,3788],{}," when you only need to know ",[666,124378,124379],{},"if it exists",[197,124381,35,124382,124387],{},[820,124383,124385],{"href":124384},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124386,1799],{}," when you want to change matching text",[181,124389,25852],{"id":25851},[20,124391,8780,124392,124394],{},[15,124393,57188],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[40,124396,124398],{"className":42,"code":124397,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124399,124400,124410,124424,124446,124472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124401,124402,124404,124406,124408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124403,110],{"class":109},[49,124405,92],{"class":85},[49,124407,245],{"class":88},[49,124409,103],{"class":85},[49,124411,124412,124414,124416,124418,124420,124422],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124413,110],{"class":109},[49,124415,92],{"class":85},[49,124417,3127],{"class":2804},[49,124419,92],{"class":85},[49,124421,245],{"class":88},[49,124423,1581],{"class":85},[49,124425,124426,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,124427,110],{"class":109},[49,124429,92],{"class":85},[49,124431,245],{"class":88},[49,124433,32],{"class":85},[49,124435,41160],{"class":88},[49,124437,92],{"class":85},[49,124439,95],{"class":63},[49,124441,820],{"class":67},[49,124443,95],{"class":63},[49,124445,1581],{"class":85},[49,124447,124448,124450,124452,124454,124456,124458,124460,124462,124464,124466,124468,124470],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,124449,110],{"class":109},[49,124451,92],{"class":85},[49,124453,245],{"class":88},[49,124455,32],{"class":85},[49,124457,960],{"class":88},[49,124459,963],{"class":85},[49,124461,41160],{"class":88},[49,124463,92],{"class":85},[49,124465,95],{"class":63},[49,124467,820],{"class":67},[49,124469,95],{"class":63},[49,124471,1581],{"class":85},[49,124473,124474,124476,124478,124480,124482,124484,124486,124488,124490,124492],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,124475,110],{"class":109},[49,124477,92],{"class":85},[49,124479,245],{"class":88},[49,124481,32],{"class":85},[49,124483,41160],{"class":88},[49,124485,92],{"class":85},[49,124487,95],{"class":63},[49,124489,256],{"class":67},[49,124491,95],{"class":63},[49,124493,1581],{"class":85},[20,124495,124496],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[194,124498,124499,124502,124507,124510],{},[197,124500,124501],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[197,124503,124504,124506],{},[15,124505,245],{}," not being a string",[197,124508,124509],{},"counting the wrong substring",[197,124511,124512],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124514,58758],{},[194,124516,124517,124520,124523,124526],{},[197,124518,124519],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[197,124521,124522],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[197,124524,124525],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[197,124527,50392,124528,44529,124530,634,124532,73191],{},[15,124529,57188],{},[15,124531,17],{},[15,124533,3788],{},[181,124535,1704],{"id":1703},[353,124537,124539,124540,124542],{"id":124538},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124541,57188],{}," change the original string?",[20,124544,124545],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[353,124547,14813,124549,1733],{"id":124548},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124550,57188],{},[20,124552,124553],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[353,124555,5050,124557,124559],{"id":124556},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124558,57188],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124561,1714,124562,32],{},[15,124563,516],{},[353,124565,5077,124567,124569],{"id":124566},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124568,57188],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124571,124572],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[353,124574,1720,124576,124578],{"id":124575},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124577,57188],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124580,124581],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[181,124583,1775],{"id":1774},[194,124585,124586,124593,124600,124607,124613],{},[197,124587,124588],{},[820,124589,124590],{"href":124227},[15,124591,124592],{},"Python string find() method",[197,124594,124595],{},[820,124596,124597],{"href":1119},[15,124598,124599],{},"Python string index() method",[197,124601,124602],{},[820,124603,124604],{"href":123946},[15,124605,124606],{},"Python string lower() method",[197,124608,124609],{},[820,124610,124611],{"href":1303},[15,124612,1820],{},[197,124614,124615],{},[820,124616,124617],{"href":124384},[15,124618,124619],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1834,124621,124622],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":124624},[124625,124626,124628,124631,124632,124633,124634,124637,124638,124646,124647,124648,124660],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":123345,"depth":74,"text":124627},"What the count() method does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":124629},[124630],{"id":355,"depth":106,"text":356},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":123559,"depth":74,"text":123560},{"id":643,"depth":74,"text":1846,"children":124635},[124636],{"id":123779,"depth":106,"text":123780},{"id":834,"depth":74,"text":835},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":124639},[124640,124642,124643,124645],{"id":124010,"depth":106,"text":124641},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124120,"depth":106,"text":124121},{"id":124208,"depth":106,"text":124644},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124242,"depth":106,"text":124243},{"id":58269,"depth":74,"text":58899},{"id":25851,"depth":74,"text":25852},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":124649},[124650,124652,124654,124656,124658],{"id":124538,"depth":106,"text":124651},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124548,"depth":106,"text":124653},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124556,"depth":106,"text":124655},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124566,"depth":106,"text":124657},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124575,"depth":106,"text":124659},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123221,"description":124661},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124668,"title":124669,"body":124670,"description":126254,"extension":1866,"meta":126255,"navigation":128,"path":126256,"seo":126257,"stem":126258,"__hash__":126259},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124671,"toc":126227},[124672,124675,124678,124775,124784,124786,124805,124809,124812,124815,124828,124831,124860,124865,124870,124928,124930,124963,124969,124973,124976,124979,125008,125011,125038,125041,125044,125048,125051,125058,125121,125123,125141,125144,125148,125151,125154,125196,125199,125243,125246,125249,125253,125258,125261,125304,125306,125329,125332,125365,125368,125417,125427,125431,125434,125437,125466,125469,125480,125482,125541,125544,125548,125551,125554,125569,125578,125581,125615,125618,125645,125648,125655,125657,125660,125662,125665,125679,125688,125690,125717,125721,125724,125738,125741,125800,125804,125807,125834,125837,125864,125872,125875,125935,125937,125970,125974,125977,125996,126001,126050,126055,126057,126060,126119,126137,126139,126143,126151,126155,126158,126162,126168,126172,126182,126186,126189,126191,126224],[10,124673,124669],{"id":124674},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124676,124677],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[40,124679,124681],{"className":42,"code":124680,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124682,124683,124695,124707,124716,124730,124734,124744,124754,124765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124684,124685,124687,124689,124691,124693],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124686,7785],{"class":55},[49,124688,60],{"class":59},[49,124690,64],{"class":63},[49,124692,4911],{"class":67},[49,124694,71],{"class":63},[49,124696,124697,124699,124701,124703,124705],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124698,89882],{"class":55},[49,124700,60],{"class":59},[49,124702,3202],{"class":63},[49,124704,891],{"class":67},[49,124706,29605],{"class":63},[49,124708,124709,124712,124714],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,124710,124711],{"class":55},"empty ",[49,124713,60],{"class":59},[49,124715,7790],{"class":63},[49,124717,124718,124720,124722,124724,124726,124728],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,124719,56],{"class":55},[49,124721,60],{"class":59},[49,124723,48804],{"class":2804},[49,124725,92],{"class":85},[49,124727,50146],{"class":458},[49,124729,103],{"class":85},[49,124731,124732],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,124733,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,124735,124736,124738,124740,124742],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,124737,110],{"class":109},[49,124739,92],{"class":85},[49,124741,7575],{"class":88},[49,124743,103],{"class":85},[49,124745,124746,124748,124750,124752],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,124747,110],{"class":109},[49,124749,92],{"class":85},[49,124751,89899],{"class":88},[49,124753,103],{"class":85},[49,124755,124756,124758,124760,124763],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,124757,110],{"class":109},[49,124759,92],{"class":85},[49,124761,124762],{"class":88},"empty",[49,124764,103],{"class":85},[49,124766,124767,124769,124771,124773],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,124768,110],{"class":109},[49,124770,92],{"class":85},[49,124772,245],{"class":88},[49,124774,103],{"class":85},[20,124776,124777,124780,124781,124783],{},[666,124778,124779],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124782,47583],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[181,124785,15073],{"id":15072},[194,124787,124788,124791,124794,124797,124802],{},[197,124789,124790],{},"What a string is in Python",[197,124792,124793],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[197,124795,124796],{},"How to create an empty string",[197,124798,124799,124800],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124801,47583],{},[197,124803,124804],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[181,124806,124808],{"id":124807},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124810,124811],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124813,124814],{},"Strings can contain:",[194,124816,124817,124820,124822,124825],{},[197,124818,124819],{},"Letters",[197,124821,56359],{},[197,124823,124824],{},"Spaces",[197,124826,124827],{},"Symbols",[20,124829,124830],{},"Examples of strings:",[40,124832,124834],{"className":42,"code":124833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124835,124836,124844,124852],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124837,124838,124840,124842],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124839,95],{"class":43228},[49,124841,917],{"class":43232},[49,124843,71],{"class":43228},[49,124845,124846,124848,124850],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124847,95],{"class":43228},[49,124849,50146],{"class":43232},[49,124851,71],{"class":43228},[49,124853,124854,124856,124858],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,124855,95],{"class":43228},[49,124857,89025],{"class":43232},[49,124859,71],{"class":43228},[20,124861,20887,124862,124864],{},[15,124863,50196],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124866,124867,124868,1197],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124869,2204],{},[40,124871,124873],{"className":42,"code":124872,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124874,124875,124887,124896,124900,124914],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124876,124877,124879,124881,124883,124885],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124878,56],{"class":55},[49,124880,60],{"class":59},[49,124882,64],{"class":63},[49,124884,50146],{"class":67},[49,124886,71],{"class":63},[49,124888,124889,124891,124893],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124890,2119],{"class":55},[49,124892,60],{"class":59},[49,124894,124895],{"class":458}," 123\n",[49,124897,124898],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,124899,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,124901,124902,124904,124906,124908,124910,124912],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,124903,110],{"class":109},[49,124905,92],{"class":85},[49,124907,3127],{"class":2804},[49,124909,92],{"class":85},[49,124911,245],{"class":88},[49,124913,1581],{"class":85},[49,124915,124916,124918,124920,124922,124924,124926],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,124917,110],{"class":109},[49,124919,92],{"class":85},[49,124921,3127],{"class":2804},[49,124923,92],{"class":85},[49,124925,2141],{"class":88},[49,124927,1581],{"class":85},[20,124929,1974],{},[40,124931,124933],{"className":42,"code":124932,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124934,124935,124949],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124936,124937,124939,124941,124943,124945,124947],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124938,3196],{"class":59},[49,124940,3199],{"class":1968},[49,124942,3202],{"class":63},[49,124944,3349],{"class":67},[49,124946,1573],{"class":63},[49,124948,3209],{"class":59},[49,124950,124951,124953,124955,124957,124959,124961],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,124952,3196],{"class":59},[49,124954,3199],{"class":1968},[49,124956,3202],{"class":63},[49,124958,2090],{"class":67},[49,124960,1573],{"class":63},[49,124962,3209],{"class":59},[20,124964,124965,124966,32],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[820,124967,124968],{"href":50875},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[181,124970,124972],{"id":124971},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124974,124975],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124977,124978],{},"You can use single quotes:",[40,124980,124982],{"className":42,"code":124981,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124983,124984,124997],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,124985,124986,124989,124991,124993,124995],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,124987,124988],{"class":55},"greeting ",[49,124990,60],{"class":59},[49,124992,3202],{"class":63},[49,124994,917],{"class":67},[49,124996,29605],{"class":63},[49,124998,124999,125001,125003,125006],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125000,110],{"class":109},[49,125002,92],{"class":85},[49,125004,125005],{"class":88},"greeting",[49,125007,103],{"class":85},[20,125009,125010],{},"Or double quotes:",[40,125012,125014],{"className":42,"code":125013,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125015,125016,125028],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125017,125018,125020,125022,125024,125026],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125019,124988],{"class":55},[49,125021,60],{"class":59},[49,125023,64],{"class":63},[49,125025,917],{"class":67},[49,125027,71],{"class":63},[49,125029,125030,125032,125034,125036],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125031,110],{"class":109},[49,125033,92],{"class":85},[49,125035,125005],{"class":88},[49,125037,103],{"class":85},[20,125039,125040],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125042,125043],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[181,125045,125047],{"id":125046},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125049,125050],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125052,125053,125054,634,125056,1197],{},"Use either ",[15,125055,6179],{},[15,125057,3679],{},[40,125059,125061],{"className":42,"code":125060,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125062,125063,125072,125081,125085,125096,125107],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125064,125065,125068,125070],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125066,125067],{"class":55},"empty1 ",[49,125069,60],{"class":59},[49,125071,7790],{"class":63},[49,125073,125074,125077,125079],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125075,125076],{"class":55},"empty2 ",[49,125078,60],{"class":59},[49,125080,47395],{"class":63},[49,125082,125083],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,125084,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,125086,125087,125089,125091,125094],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,125088,110],{"class":109},[49,125090,92],{"class":85},[49,125092,125093],{"class":88},"empty1",[49,125095,103],{"class":85},[49,125097,125098,125100,125102,125105],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,125099,110],{"class":109},[49,125101,92],{"class":85},[49,125103,125104],{"class":88},"empty2",[49,125106,103],{"class":85},[49,125108,125109,125111,125113,125115,125117,125119],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,125110,110],{"class":109},[49,125112,92],{"class":85},[49,125114,3127],{"class":2804},[49,125116,92],{"class":85},[49,125118,125093],{"class":88},[49,125120,1581],{"class":85},[20,125122,1974],{},[40,125124,125125],{"className":42,"code":45669,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,125126,125127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125128,125129,125131,125133,125135,125137,125139],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125130,3196],{"class":59},[49,125132,3199],{"class":1968},[49,125134,3202],{"class":63},[49,125136,3349],{"class":67},[49,125138,1573],{"class":63},[49,125140,3209],{"class":59},[20,125142,125143],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[181,125145,125147],{"id":125146},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125149,125150],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125152,125153],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[40,125155,125157],{"className":42,"code":125156,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125158,125159,125170,125175,125182,125186],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125160,125161,125163,125165,125168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125162,89882],{"class":55},[49,125164,60],{"class":59},[49,125166,125167],{"class":63}," \"\"\"",[49,125169,88825],{"class":67},[49,125171,125172],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125173,125174],{"class":67},"Welcome to Python\n",[49,125176,125177,125180],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,125178,125179],{"class":67},"Have a nice day",[49,125181,43236],{"class":63},[49,125183,125184],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,125185,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,125187,125188,125190,125192,125194],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,125189,110],{"class":109},[49,125191,92],{"class":85},[49,125193,89899],{"class":88},[49,125195,103],{"class":85},[20,125197,125198],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[40,125200,125202],{"className":42,"code":125201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125203,125204,125216,125221,125229,125233],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125205,125206,125208,125210,125213],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125207,89882],{"class":55},[49,125209,60],{"class":59},[49,125211,125212],{"class":63}," '''",[49,125214,125215],{"class":67},"Line 1\n",[49,125217,125218],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125219,125220],{"class":67},"Line 2\n",[49,125222,125223,125226],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,125224,125225],{"class":67},"Line 3",[49,125227,125228],{"class":63},"'''\n",[49,125230,125231],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,125232,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,125234,125235,125237,125239,125241],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,125236,110],{"class":109},[49,125238,92],{"class":85},[49,125240,89899],{"class":88},[49,125242,103],{"class":85},[20,125244,125245],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125247,125248],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[181,125250,125252],{"id":125251},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125254,661,125255,125257],{},[15,125256,47583],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125259,125260],{},"Example with a number:",[40,125262,125264],{"className":42,"code":125263,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125265,125266,125280,125290],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125267,125268,125270,125272,125274,125276,125278],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125269,56],{"class":55},[49,125271,60],{"class":59},[49,125273,48804],{"class":2804},[49,125275,92],{"class":85},[49,125277,46425],{"class":458},[49,125279,103],{"class":85},[49,125281,125282,125284,125286,125288],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125283,110],{"class":109},[49,125285,92],{"class":85},[49,125287,245],{"class":88},[49,125289,103],{"class":85},[49,125291,125292,125294,125296,125298,125300,125302],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,125293,110],{"class":109},[49,125295,92],{"class":85},[49,125297,3127],{"class":2804},[49,125299,92],{"class":85},[49,125301,245],{"class":88},[49,125303,1581],{"class":85},[20,125305,1974],{},[40,125307,125309],{"className":42,"code":125308,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125310,125311,125315],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125312,125313],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125314,46511],{"class":458},[49,125316,125317,125319,125321,125323,125325,125327],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125318,3196],{"class":59},[49,125320,3199],{"class":1968},[49,125322,3202],{"class":63},[49,125324,3349],{"class":67},[49,125326,1573],{"class":63},[49,125328,3209],{"class":59},[20,125330,125331],{},"You can also convert other values:",[40,125333,125335],{"className":42,"code":125334,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125336,125337,125351],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125338,125339,125341,125343,125345,125347,125349],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125340,110],{"class":109},[49,125342,92],{"class":85},[49,125344,3349],{"class":2804},[49,125346,92],{"class":85},[49,125348,633],{"class":3757},[49,125350,1581],{"class":85},[49,125352,125353,125355,125357,125359,125361,125363],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125354,110],{"class":109},[49,125356,92],{"class":85},[49,125358,3349],{"class":2804},[49,125360,92],{"class":85},[49,125362,40046],{"class":458},[49,125364,1581],{"class":85},[20,125366,125367],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[40,125369,125371],{"className":42,"code":125370,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125372,125373,125381,125403,125407],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125374,125375,125377,125379],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125376,21538],{"class":55},[49,125378,60],{"class":59},[49,125380,45125],{"class":458},[49,125382,125383,125385,125387,125389,125391,125393,125395,125397,125399,125401],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125384,89882],{"class":55},[49,125386,60],{"class":59},[49,125388,64],{"class":63},[49,125390,89301],{"class":67},[49,125392,95],{"class":63},[49,125394,2357],{"class":59},[49,125396,48804],{"class":2804},[49,125398,92],{"class":85},[49,125400,9205],{"class":88},[49,125402,103],{"class":85},[49,125404,125405],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,125406,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,125408,125409,125411,125413,125415],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,125410,110],{"class":109},[49,125412,92],{"class":85},[49,125414,89899],{"class":88},[49,125416,103],{"class":85},[20,125418,125419,125420,634,125424,32],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[820,125421,3482,125422,3415],{"href":42075},[15,125423,47583],{},[820,125425,125426],{"href":123152},"how to convert int to string in Python",[181,125428,125430],{"id":125429},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125432,125433],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125435,125436],{},"Both of these are valid:",[40,125438,125440],{"className":42,"code":125439,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125441,125442,125454],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125443,125444,125446,125448,125450,125452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125445,2457],{"class":55},[49,125447,60],{"class":59},[49,125449,3202],{"class":63},[49,125451,7203],{"class":67},[49,125453,29605],{"class":63},[49,125455,125456,125458,125460,125462,125464],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125457,2485],{"class":55},[49,125459,60],{"class":59},[49,125461,64],{"class":63},[49,125463,7203],{"class":67},[49,125465,71],{"class":63},[20,125467,125468],{},"A common rule is:",[194,125470,125471,125474,125477],{},[197,125472,125473],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[197,125475,125476],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[197,125478,125479],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125481,214],{},[40,125483,125485],{"className":42,"code":125484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125486,125487,125501,125515,125519,125530],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125488,125489,125492,125494,125496,125499],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125490,125491],{"class":55},"text1 ",[49,125493,60],{"class":59},[49,125495,64],{"class":63},[49,125497,125498],{"class":67},"It's working",[49,125500,71],{"class":63},[49,125502,125503,125506,125508,125510,125513],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125504,125505],{"class":55},"text2 ",[49,125507,60],{"class":59},[49,125509,3202],{"class":63},[49,125511,125512],{"class":67},"She said \"hello\"",[49,125514,29605],{"class":63},[49,125516,125517],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,125518,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,125520,125521,125523,125525,125528],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,125522,110],{"class":109},[49,125524,92],{"class":85},[49,125526,125527],{"class":88},"text1",[49,125529,103],{"class":85},[49,125531,125532,125534,125536,125539],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,125533,110],{"class":109},[49,125535,92],{"class":85},[49,125537,125538],{"class":88},"text2",[49,125540,103],{"class":85},[20,125542,125543],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[181,125545,125547],{"id":125546},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125549,125550],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125552,125553],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[40,125555,125557],{"className":42,"code":125556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125558,125559,125564],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125560,125561],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125562,125563],{"class":121},"# This will cause an error\n",[49,125565,125566],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125567,125568],{"class":121},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125570,125571,125572,35236,125574,125577],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125573,1573],{},[15,125575,125576],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125579,125580],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[40,125582,125584],{"className":42,"code":125583,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125585,125586,125605],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125587,125588,125590,125592,125594,125597,125600,125603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125589,56],{"class":55},[49,125591,60],{"class":59},[49,125593,3202],{"class":63},[49,125595,125596],{"class":67},"It",[49,125598,125599],{"class":34361},"\\'",[49,125601,125602],{"class":67},"s working",[49,125604,29605],{"class":63},[49,125606,125607,125609,125611,125613],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125608,110],{"class":109},[49,125610,92],{"class":85},[49,125612,245],{"class":88},[49,125614,103],{"class":85},[20,125616,125617],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[40,125619,125621],{"className":42,"code":125620,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125622,125623,125635],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125624,125625,125627,125629,125631,125633],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125626,56],{"class":55},[49,125628,60],{"class":59},[49,125630,64],{"class":63},[49,125632,125498],{"class":67},[49,125634,71],{"class":63},[49,125636,125637,125639,125641,125643],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125638,110],{"class":109},[49,125640,92],{"class":85},[49,125642,245],{"class":88},[49,125644,103],{"class":85},[20,125646,125647],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125649,125650,125651,32],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[820,125652,125654],{"href":125653},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[181,125656,1308],{"id":1307},[20,125658,125659],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[353,125661,90089],{"id":90088},[20,125663,125664],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[40,125666,125668],{"className":42,"code":125667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125669,125670,125674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125671,125672],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125673,125563],{"class":121},[49,125675,125676],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125677,125678],{"class":121},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125680,125681,125682,8508,125685,125687],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125683,125684],{},"NameError",[15,125686,4911],{}," is not defined.",[20,125689,10714],{},[40,125691,125693],{"className":42,"code":125692,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125694,125695,125707],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125696,125697,125699,125701,125703,125705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125698,7785],{"class":55},[49,125700,60],{"class":59},[49,125702,64],{"class":63},[49,125704,4911],{"class":67},[49,125706,71],{"class":63},[49,125708,125709,125711,125713,125715],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125710,110],{"class":109},[49,125712,92],{"class":85},[49,125714,7575],{"class":88},[49,125716,103],{"class":85},[353,125718,125720],{"id":125719},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125722,125723],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[40,125725,125727],{"className":42,"code":125726,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125728,125729,125733],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125730,125731],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125732,125563],{"class":121},[49,125734,125735],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125736,125737],{"class":121},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125739,125740],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[40,125742,125744],{"className":42,"code":125743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125745,125746,125763,125776,125780,125790],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125747,125748,125750,125752,125754,125756,125758,125761],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125749,125491],{"class":55},[49,125751,60],{"class":59},[49,125753,3202],{"class":63},[49,125755,125596],{"class":67},[49,125757,125599],{"class":34361},[49,125759,125760],{"class":67},"s good",[49,125762,29605],{"class":63},[49,125764,125765,125767,125769,125771,125774],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125766,125505],{"class":55},[49,125768,60],{"class":59},[49,125770,64],{"class":63},[49,125772,125773],{"class":67},"It's good",[49,125775,71],{"class":63},[49,125777,125778],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,125779,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,125781,125782,125784,125786,125788],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,125783,110],{"class":109},[49,125785,92],{"class":85},[49,125787,125527],{"class":88},[49,125789,103],{"class":85},[49,125791,125792,125794,125796,125798],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,125793,110],{"class":109},[49,125795,92],{"class":85},[49,125797,125538],{"class":88},[49,125799,103],{"class":85},[353,125801,125803],{"id":125802},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125805,125806],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[40,125808,125810],{"className":42,"code":125809,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125811,125812,125824],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125813,125814,125816,125818,125820,125822],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125815,56],{"class":55},[49,125817,60],{"class":59},[49,125819,125167],{"class":63},[49,125821,917],{"class":67},[49,125823,43236],{"class":63},[49,125825,125826,125828,125830,125832],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125827,110],{"class":109},[49,125829,92],{"class":85},[49,125831,245],{"class":88},[49,125833,103],{"class":85},[20,125835,125836],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[40,125838,125840],{"className":42,"code":125839,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125841,125842,125854],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125843,125844,125846,125848,125850,125852],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125845,56],{"class":55},[49,125847,60],{"class":59},[49,125849,64],{"class":63},[49,125851,917],{"class":67},[49,125853,71],{"class":63},[49,125855,125856,125858,125860,125862],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125857,110],{"class":109},[49,125859,92],{"class":85},[49,125861,245],{"class":88},[49,125863,103],{"class":85},[353,125865,1347,125867,380,125869,125871],{"id":125866},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125868,50146],{},[15,125870,50196],{}," are the same type",[20,125873,125874],{},"They are different:",[40,125876,125878],{"className":42,"code":125877,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125879,125880,125889,125902,125906,125920],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125881,125882,125885,125887],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125883,125884],{"class":55},"value1 ",[49,125886,60],{"class":59},[49,125888,124895],{"class":458},[49,125890,125891,125894,125896,125898,125900],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125892,125893],{"class":55},"value2 ",[49,125895,60],{"class":59},[49,125897,64],{"class":63},[49,125899,50146],{"class":67},[49,125901,71],{"class":63},[49,125903,125904],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,125905,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,125907,125908,125910,125912,125914,125916,125918],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,125909,110],{"class":109},[49,125911,92],{"class":85},[49,125913,3127],{"class":2804},[49,125915,92],{"class":85},[49,125917,84646],{"class":88},[49,125919,1581],{"class":85},[49,125921,125922,125924,125926,125928,125930,125933],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,125923,110],{"class":109},[49,125925,92],{"class":85},[49,125927,3127],{"class":2804},[49,125929,92],{"class":85},[49,125931,125932],{"class":88},"value2",[49,125934,1581],{"class":85},[20,125936,1974],{},[40,125938,125940],{"className":42,"code":125939,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125941,125942,125956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125943,125944,125946,125948,125950,125952,125954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125945,3196],{"class":59},[49,125947,3199],{"class":1968},[49,125949,3202],{"class":63},[49,125951,2090],{"class":67},[49,125953,1573],{"class":63},[49,125955,3209],{"class":59},[49,125957,125958,125960,125962,125964,125966,125968],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125959,3196],{"class":59},[49,125961,3199],{"class":1968},[49,125963,3202],{"class":63},[49,125965,3349],{"class":67},[49,125967,1573],{"class":63},[49,125969,3209],{"class":59},[353,125971,125973],{"id":125972},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125975,125976],{},"This causes a type error:",[40,125978,125980],{"className":42,"code":125979,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125981,125982,125986,125991],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,125983,125984],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,125985,125563],{"class":121},[49,125987,125988],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,125989,125990],{"class":121},"# age = 10\n",[49,125992,125993],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,125994,125995],{"class":121},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125997,125998,125999,1197],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126000,47583],{},[40,126002,126004],{"className":42,"code":126003,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126005,126006,126014,126036,126040],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126007,126008,126010,126012],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126009,21538],{"class":55},[49,126011,60],{"class":59},[49,126013,2490],{"class":458},[49,126015,126016,126018,126020,126022,126024,126026,126028,126030,126032,126034],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126017,89882],{"class":55},[49,126019,60],{"class":59},[49,126021,64],{"class":63},[49,126023,89301],{"class":67},[49,126025,95],{"class":63},[49,126027,2357],{"class":59},[49,126029,48804],{"class":2804},[49,126031,92],{"class":85},[49,126033,9205],{"class":88},[49,126035,103],{"class":85},[49,126037,126038],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,126039,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,126041,126042,126044,126046,126048],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,126043,110],{"class":109},[49,126045,92],{"class":85},[49,126047,89899],{"class":88},[49,126049,103],{"class":85},[20,126051,126052,126053,32],{},"For this specific error, see ",[820,126054,90281],{"href":90280},[353,126056,60601],{"id":60600},[20,126058,126059],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[40,126061,126063],{"className":42,"code":126062,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126064,126065,126077,126081,126091,126105],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126066,126067,126069,126071,126073,126075],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126068,56],{"class":55},[49,126070,60],{"class":59},[49,126072,64],{"class":63},[49,126074,917],{"class":67},[49,126076,71],{"class":63},[49,126078,126079],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126080,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,126082,126083,126085,126087,126089],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,126084,110],{"class":109},[49,126086,92],{"class":85},[49,126088,245],{"class":88},[49,126090,103],{"class":85},[49,126092,126093,126095,126097,126099,126101,126103],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,126094,110],{"class":109},[49,126096,92],{"class":85},[49,126098,3127],{"class":2804},[49,126100,92],{"class":85},[49,126102,245],{"class":88},[49,126104,1581],{"class":85},[49,126106,126107,126109,126111,126113,126115,126117],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,126108,110],{"class":109},[49,126110,92],{"class":85},[49,126112,1590],{"class":109},[49,126114,92],{"class":85},[49,126116,245],{"class":88},[49,126118,1581],{"class":85},[194,126120,126121,126126,126131],{},[197,126122,126123,46177],{},[15,126124,126125],{},"print(text)",[197,126127,126128,46182],{},[15,126129,126130],{},"print(type(text))",[197,126132,126133,126136],{},[15,126134,126135],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[181,126138,1704],{"id":1703},[353,126140,126142],{"id":126141},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126144,126145,126146,634,126149,32],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126147,126148],{},"'hello'",[15,126150,849],{},[353,126152,126154],{"id":126153},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126156,126157],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[353,126159,126161],{"id":126160},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126163,35,126164,634,126166,32],{},[15,126165,6179],{},[15,126167,3679],{},[353,126169,126171],{"id":126170},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126173,35,126174,126176,126177,126179,126180,32],{},[15,126175,47583],{},", like ",[15,126178,80256],{},", which returns ",[15,126181,42026],{},[353,126183,126185],{"id":126184},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126187,126188],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[181,126190,1775],{"id":1774},[194,126192,126193,126197,126203,126208,126216,126220],{},[197,126194,126195],{},[820,126196,124968],{"href":50875},[197,126198,126199],{},[820,126200,3482,126201,3415],{"href":42075},[15,126202,47583],{},[197,126204,126205],{},[820,126206,126207],{"href":123152},"How to convert int to string in Python",[197,126209,126210],{},[820,126211,1782,126213,1785],{"href":126212},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F",[15,126214,126215],{},"format()",[197,126217,126218],{},[820,126219,125654],{"href":125653},[197,126221,126222],{},[820,126223,90281],{"href":90280},[1834,126225,126226],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":126228},[126229,126230,126231,126232,126233,126234,126235,126236,126237,126246,126253],{"id":15072,"depth":74,"text":15073},{"id":124807,"depth":74,"text":124808},{"id":124971,"depth":74,"text":124972},{"id":125046,"depth":74,"text":125047},{"id":125146,"depth":74,"text":125147},{"id":125251,"depth":74,"text":125252},{"id":125429,"depth":74,"text":125430},{"id":125546,"depth":74,"text":125547},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":126238},[126239,126240,126241,126242,126244,126245],{"id":90088,"depth":106,"text":90089},{"id":125719,"depth":106,"text":125720},{"id":125802,"depth":106,"text":125803},{"id":125866,"depth":106,"text":126243},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125972,"depth":106,"text":125973},{"id":60600,"depth":106,"text":60601},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":126247},[126248,126249,126250,126251,126252],{"id":126141,"depth":106,"text":126142},{"id":126153,"depth":106,"text":126154},{"id":126160,"depth":106,"text":126161},{"id":126170,"depth":106,"text":126171},{"id":126184,"depth":106,"text":126185},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124669,"description":126254},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126261,"title":126262,"body":126263,"description":128170,"extension":1866,"meta":128171,"navigation":128,"path":128172,"seo":128173,"stem":128174,"__hash__":128175},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126264,"toc":128131},[126265,126270,126275,126283,126285,126352,126354,126366,126375,126380,126384,126400,126402,126467,126469,126481,126486,126488,126516,126537,126539,126578,126580,126588,126592,126596,126600,126608,126611,126652,126654,126662,126665,126722,126724,126732,126736,126741,126785,126787,126795,126804,126808,126813,126861,126863,126871,126877,126879,126883,126895,126900,126979,126981,127001,127005,127009,127049,127051,127059,127063,127106,127108,127116,127120,127160,127162,127170,127174,127230,127232,127240,127245,127247,127251,127260,127327,127329,127342,127349,127392,127394,127402,127406,127409,127465,127467,127475,127478,127480,127557,127559,127567,127574,127576,127580,127584,127586,127608,127611,127658,127662,127701,127703,127711,127713,127755,127762,127767,127829,127831,127843,127849,127854,127903,127905,127924,127930,127932,127951,127953,128044,128046,128052,128059,128065,128071,128076,128085,128092,128100,128102,128128],[10,126266,13,126268,18],{"id":126267},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126269,1815],{},[20,126271,22,126272,126274],{},[15,126273,1815],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126276,126277,126278,634,126280,126282],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126279,633],{},[15,126281,637],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[181,126284,1907],{"id":1906},[40,126286,126288],{"className":42,"code":126287,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126289,126290,126304,126329],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126291,126292,126295,126297,126299,126302],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126293,126294],{"class":55},"filename ",[49,126296,60],{"class":59},[49,126298,64],{"class":63},[49,126300,126301],{"class":67},"report.csv",[49,126303,71],{"class":63},[49,126305,126306,126308,126310,126313,126315,126318,126320,126322,126325,126327],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126307,110],{"class":109},[49,126309,92],{"class":85},[49,126311,126312],{"class":88},"filename",[49,126314,32],{"class":85},[49,126316,126317],{"class":88},"endswith",[49,126319,92],{"class":85},[49,126321,95],{"class":63},[49,126323,126324],{"class":67},".csv",[49,126326,95],{"class":63},[49,126328,1581],{"class":85},[49,126330,126331,126333,126335,126337,126339,126341,126343,126345,126348,126350],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,126332,110],{"class":109},[49,126334,92],{"class":85},[49,126336,126312],{"class":88},[49,126338,32],{"class":85},[49,126340,126317],{"class":88},[49,126342,92],{"class":85},[49,126344,95],{"class":63},[49,126346,126347],{"class":67},".txt",[49,126349,95],{"class":63},[49,126351,1581],{"class":85},[20,126353,1974],{},[40,126355,126356],{"className":42,"code":44073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126357,126358,126362],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126359,126360],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126361,3885],{"class":3757},[49,126363,126364],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126365,3946],{"class":3757},[20,126367,35,126368,5276,126370,634,126372,126374],{},[15,126369,1815],{},[15,126371,633],{},[15,126373,637],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[181,126376,184,126378,187],{"id":126377},"what-endswith-does",[15,126379,1815],{},[20,126381,126382,1197],{},[15,126383,1815],{},[194,126385,126386,126389,126395,126397],{},[197,126387,126388],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[197,126390,205,126391,634,126393],{},[15,126392,633],{},[15,126394,637],{},[197,126396,211],{},[197,126398,126399],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126401,214],{},[40,126403,126405],{"className":42,"code":126404,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126406,126407,126419,126423,126445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126408,126409,126411,126413,126415,126417],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126410,56],{"class":55},[49,126412,60],{"class":59},[49,126414,64],{"class":63},[49,126416,68],{"class":67},[49,126418,71],{"class":63},[49,126420,126421],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126422,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,126424,126425,126427,126429,126431,126433,126435,126437,126439,126441,126443],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,126426,110],{"class":109},[49,126428,92],{"class":85},[49,126430,245],{"class":88},[49,126432,32],{"class":85},[49,126434,126317],{"class":88},[49,126436,92],{"class":85},[49,126438,95],{"class":63},[49,126440,98],{"class":67},[49,126442,95],{"class":63},[49,126444,1581],{"class":85},[49,126446,126447,126449,126451,126453,126455,126457,126459,126461,126463,126465],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,126448,110],{"class":109},[49,126450,92],{"class":85},[49,126452,245],{"class":88},[49,126454,32],{"class":85},[49,126456,126317],{"class":88},[49,126458,92],{"class":85},[49,126460,95],{"class":63},[49,126462,917],{"class":67},[49,126464,95],{"class":63},[49,126466,1581],{"class":85},[20,126468,1974],{},[40,126470,126471],{"className":42,"code":44073,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126472,126473,126477],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126474,126475],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126476,3885],{"class":3757},[49,126478,126479],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126480,3946],{"class":3757},[20,126482,126483,126484,32],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[820,126485,124968],{"href":50875},[181,126487,316],{"id":315},[40,126489,126491],{"className":42,"code":126490,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126492,126493],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126494,126495,126497,126499,126501,126503,126506,126508,126510,126512,126514],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126496,329],{"class":55},[49,126498,32],{"class":85},[49,126500,126317],{"class":88},[49,126502,92],{"class":85},[49,126504,126505],{"class":88},"suffix",[49,126507,341],{"class":85},[49,126509,344],{"class":88},[49,126511,341],{"class":85},[49,126513,349],{"class":88},[49,126515,103],{"class":85},[194,126517,126518,126523,126530],{},[197,126519,126520,126522],{},[15,126521,126505],{}," is required",[197,126524,126525,380,126527,126529],{},[15,126526,368],{},[15,126528,374],{}," are optional",[197,126531,126532,380,126534,126536],{},[15,126533,368],{},[15,126535,374],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126538,386],{},[40,126540,126542],{"className":42,"code":126541,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126543,126544,126556],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126545,126546,126548,126550,126552,126554],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126547,126294],{"class":55},[49,126549,60],{"class":59},[49,126551,64],{"class":63},[49,126553,86771],{"class":67},[49,126555,71],{"class":63},[49,126557,126558,126560,126562,126564,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574,126576],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126559,110],{"class":109},[49,126561,92],{"class":85},[49,126563,126312],{"class":88},[49,126565,32],{"class":85},[49,126567,126317],{"class":88},[49,126569,92],{"class":85},[49,126571,95],{"class":63},[49,126573,126347],{"class":67},[49,126575,95],{"class":63},[49,126577,1581],{"class":85},[20,126579,1974],{},[40,126581,126582],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126583,126584],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126585,126586],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126587,3885],{"class":3757},[181,126589,126591],{"id":126590},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[353,126593,126594],{"id":126505},[15,126595,126505],{},[20,126597,126598,30656],{},[15,126599,126505],{},[194,126601,126602,126605],{},[197,126603,126604],{},"A single string",[197,126606,126607],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126609,126610],{},"Single suffix:",[40,126612,126614],{"className":42,"code":126613,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126615,126616,126629],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126617,126618,126620,126622,126624,126627],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126619,7785],{"class":55},[49,126621,60],{"class":59},[49,126623,64],{"class":63},[49,126625,126626],{"class":67},"image.png",[49,126628,71],{"class":63},[49,126630,126631,126633,126635,126637,126639,126641,126643,126645,126648,126650],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126632,110],{"class":109},[49,126634,92],{"class":85},[49,126636,7575],{"class":88},[49,126638,32],{"class":85},[49,126640,126317],{"class":88},[49,126642,92],{"class":85},[49,126644,95],{"class":63},[49,126646,126647],{"class":67},".png",[49,126649,95],{"class":63},[49,126651,1581],{"class":85},[20,126653,1974],{},[40,126655,126656],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126657,126658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126659,126660],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126661,3885],{"class":3757},[20,126663,126664],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[40,126666,126668],{"className":42,"code":126667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126669,126670,126682],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126671,126672,126674,126676,126678,126680],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126673,7785],{"class":55},[49,126675,60],{"class":59},[49,126677,64],{"class":63},[49,126679,126626],{"class":67},[49,126681,71],{"class":63},[49,126683,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694,126696,126698,126701,126703,126705,126707,126709,126711,126713,126715,126718,126720],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126685,110],{"class":109},[49,126687,92],{"class":85},[49,126689,7575],{"class":88},[49,126691,32],{"class":85},[49,126693,126317],{"class":88},[49,126695,5417],{"class":85},[49,126697,95],{"class":63},[49,126699,126700],{"class":67},".jpg",[49,126702,95],{"class":63},[49,126704,341],{"class":85},[49,126706,64],{"class":63},[49,126708,126647],{"class":67},[49,126710,95],{"class":63},[49,126712,341],{"class":85},[49,126714,64],{"class":63},[49,126716,126717],{"class":67},".gif",[49,126719,95],{"class":63},[49,126721,2815],{"class":85},[20,126723,1974],{},[40,126725,126726],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126727,126728],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126729,126730],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126731,3885],{"class":3757},[353,126733,126734],{"id":368},[15,126735,368],{},[20,126737,126738,126740],{},[15,126739,368],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[40,126742,126744],{"className":42,"code":126743,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126745,126746,126759],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126747,126748,126750,126752,126754,126757],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126749,56],{"class":55},[49,126751,60],{"class":59},[49,126753,64],{"class":63},[49,126755,126756],{"class":67},"my_report.csv",[49,126758,71],{"class":63},[49,126760,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769,126771,126773,126775,126777,126779,126781,126783],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126762,110],{"class":109},[49,126764,92],{"class":85},[49,126766,245],{"class":88},[49,126768,32],{"class":85},[49,126770,126317],{"class":88},[49,126772,92],{"class":85},[49,126774,95],{"class":63},[49,126776,126324],{"class":67},[49,126778,95],{"class":63},[49,126780,341],{"class":85},[49,126782,2354],{"class":458},[49,126784,1581],{"class":85},[20,126786,1974],{},[40,126788,126789],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126790,126791],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126792,126793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126794,3885],{"class":3757},[20,126796,126797,126798,126800,126801,32],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126799,1965],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126802,126803],{},"\"report.csv\"",[353,126805,126806],{"id":374},[15,126807,374],{},[20,126809,126810,126812],{},[15,126811,374],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[40,126814,126816],{"className":42,"code":126815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126817,126818,126831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126819,126820,126822,126824,126826,126829],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126821,56],{"class":55},[49,126823,60],{"class":59},[49,126825,64],{"class":63},[49,126827,126828],{"class":67},"report.csv backup",[49,126830,71],{"class":63},[49,126832,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853,126855,126857,126859],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126834,110],{"class":109},[49,126836,92],{"class":85},[49,126838,245],{"class":88},[49,126840,32],{"class":85},[49,126842,126317],{"class":88},[49,126844,92],{"class":85},[49,126846,95],{"class":63},[49,126848,126324],{"class":67},[49,126850,95],{"class":63},[49,126852,341],{"class":85},[49,126854,770],{"class":458},[49,126856,341],{"class":85},[49,126858,5911],{"class":458},[49,126860,1581],{"class":85},[20,126862,1974],{},[40,126864,126865],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,126866,126867],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126868,126869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126870,3885],{"class":3757},[20,126872,126873,126874,126876],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126875,126803],{}," and ignores the rest.",[181,126878,17328],{"id":17327},[20,126880,126881,25419],{},[15,126882,1815],{},[194,126884,126885,126890],{},[197,126886,126887,126889],{},[15,126888,633],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[197,126891,126892,126894],{},[15,126893,637],{}," if it does not",[20,126896,126897,126898,7078],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126899,1211],{},[40,126901,126903],{"className":42,"code":126902,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126904,126905,126918,126922,126943,126958,126964],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126906,126907,126909,126911,126913,126916],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126908,126294],{"class":55},[49,126910,60],{"class":59},[49,126912,64],{"class":63},[49,126914,126915],{"class":67},"data.csv",[49,126917,71],{"class":63},[49,126919,126920],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,126921,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,126923,126924,126926,126929,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,126925,1211],{"class":1210},[49,126927,126928],{"class":55}," filename",[49,126930,32],{"class":85},[49,126932,126317],{"class":88},[49,126934,92],{"class":85},[49,126936,95],{"class":63},[49,126938,126324],{"class":67},[49,126940,95],{"class":63},[49,126942,1396],{"class":85},[49,126944,126945,126947,126949,126951,126954,126956],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,126946,1273],{"class":109},[49,126948,92],{"class":85},[49,126950,95],{"class":63},[49,126952,126953],{"class":67},"This is a CSV file.",[49,126955,95],{"class":63},[49,126957,103],{"class":85},[49,126959,126960,126962],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,126961,1416],{"class":1210},[49,126963,1226],{"class":85},[49,126965,126966,126968,126970,126972,126975,126977],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,126967,1273],{"class":109},[49,126969,92],{"class":85},[49,126971,95],{"class":63},[49,126973,126974],{"class":67},"This is not a CSV file.",[49,126976,95],{"class":63},[49,126978,103],{"class":85},[20,126980,1974],{},[40,126982,126984],{"className":42,"code":126983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126985,126986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,126987,126988,126990,126992,126994,126997,126999],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,126989,49779],{"class":55},[49,126991,12101],{"class":59},[49,126993,44444],{"class":55},[49,126995,126996],{"class":34361},"CSV",[49,126998,86512],{"class":86511},[49,127000,122260],{"class":85},[181,127002,127004],{"id":127003},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[353,127006,127008],{"id":127007},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[40,127010,127012],{"className":42,"code":127011,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127013,127014,127027],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127015,127016,127018,127020,127022,127025],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127017,126294],{"class":55},[49,127019,60],{"class":59},[49,127021,64],{"class":63},[49,127023,127024],{"class":67},"sales.csv",[49,127026,71],{"class":63},[49,127028,127029,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127030,110],{"class":109},[49,127032,92],{"class":85},[49,127034,126312],{"class":88},[49,127036,32],{"class":85},[49,127038,126317],{"class":88},[49,127040,92],{"class":85},[49,127042,95],{"class":63},[49,127044,126324],{"class":67},[49,127046,95],{"class":63},[49,127048,1581],{"class":85},[20,127050,1974],{},[40,127052,127053],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127054,127055],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127056,127057],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127058,3885],{"class":3757},[353,127060,127062],{"id":127061},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[40,127064,127066],{"className":42,"code":127065,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127067,127068,127082],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127069,127070,127073,127075,127077,127080],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127071,127072],{"class":55},"url ",[49,127074,60],{"class":59},[49,127076,64],{"class":63},[49,127078,127079],{"class":67},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[49,127081,71],{"class":63},[49,127083,127084,127086,127088,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127102,127104],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127085,110],{"class":109},[49,127087,92],{"class":85},[49,127089,127090],{"class":88},"url",[49,127092,32],{"class":85},[49,127094,126317],{"class":88},[49,127096,92],{"class":85},[49,127098,95],{"class":63},[49,127100,127101],{"class":67},"\u002F",[49,127103,95],{"class":63},[49,127105,1581],{"class":85},[20,127107,1974],{},[40,127109,127110],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127111,127112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127113,127114],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127115,3885],{"class":3757},[353,127117,127119],{"id":127118},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[40,127121,127123],{"className":42,"code":127122,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127124,127125,127138],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127126,127127,127129,127131,127133,127136],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127128,89882],{"class":55},[49,127130,60],{"class":59},[49,127132,64],{"class":63},[49,127134,127135],{"class":67},"Hello!",[49,127137,71],{"class":63},[49,127139,127140,127142,127144,127146,127148,127150,127152,127154,127156,127158],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127141,110],{"class":109},[49,127143,92],{"class":85},[49,127145,89899],{"class":88},[49,127147,32],{"class":85},[49,127149,126317],{"class":88},[49,127151,92],{"class":85},[49,127153,95],{"class":63},[49,127155,89724],{"class":67},[49,127157,95],{"class":63},[49,127159,1581],{"class":85},[20,127161,1974],{},[40,127163,127164],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127165,127166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127167,127168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127169,3885],{"class":3757},[353,127171,127173],{"id":127172},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[40,127175,127177],{"className":42,"code":127176,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127178,127179,127192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127180,127181,127183,127185,127187,127190],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127182,126294],{"class":55},[49,127184,60],{"class":59},[49,127186,64],{"class":63},[49,127188,127189],{"class":67},"photo.jpg",[49,127191,71],{"class":63},[49,127193,127194,127196,127198,127200,127202,127204,127206,127208,127210,127212,127214,127216,127218,127220,127222,127224,127226,127228],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127195,110],{"class":109},[49,127197,92],{"class":85},[49,127199,126312],{"class":88},[49,127201,32],{"class":85},[49,127203,126317],{"class":88},[49,127205,5417],{"class":85},[49,127207,95],{"class":63},[49,127209,126700],{"class":67},[49,127211,95],{"class":63},[49,127213,341],{"class":85},[49,127215,64],{"class":63},[49,127217,126647],{"class":67},[49,127219,95],{"class":63},[49,127221,341],{"class":85},[49,127223,64],{"class":63},[49,127225,126717],{"class":67},[49,127227,95],{"class":63},[49,127229,2815],{"class":85},[20,127231,1974],{},[40,127233,127234],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127235,127236],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127237,127238],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127239,3885],{"class":3757},[20,127241,127242,127243,32],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[820,127244,1304],{"href":1303},[181,127246,835],{"id":834},[20,127248,127249,840],{},[15,127250,1815],{},[20,127252,843,127253,380,127256,127259],{},[15,127254,127255],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127257,127258],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[40,127261,127263],{"className":42,"code":127262,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127264,127265,127278,127282,127304],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127266,127267,127269,127271,127273,127276],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127268,126294],{"class":55},[49,127270,60],{"class":59},[49,127272,64],{"class":63},[49,127274,127275],{"class":67},"REPORT.CSV",[49,127277,71],{"class":63},[49,127279,127280],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127281,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,127283,127284,127286,127288,127290,127292,127294,127296,127298,127300,127302],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,127285,110],{"class":109},[49,127287,92],{"class":85},[49,127289,126312],{"class":88},[49,127291,32],{"class":85},[49,127293,126317],{"class":88},[49,127295,92],{"class":85},[49,127297,95],{"class":63},[49,127299,126324],{"class":67},[49,127301,95],{"class":63},[49,127303,1581],{"class":85},[49,127305,127306,127308,127310,127312,127314,127316,127318,127320,127323,127325],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,127307,110],{"class":109},[49,127309,92],{"class":85},[49,127311,126312],{"class":88},[49,127313,32],{"class":85},[49,127315,126317],{"class":88},[49,127317,92],{"class":85},[49,127319,95],{"class":63},[49,127321,127322],{"class":67},".CSV",[49,127324,95],{"class":63},[49,127326,1581],{"class":85},[20,127328,1974],{},[40,127330,127332],{"className":42,"code":127331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127333,127334,127338],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127335,127336],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127337,3946],{"class":3757},[49,127339,127340],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127341,3885],{"class":3757},[20,127343,127344,127345,32],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[820,127346,127347],{"href":123946},[15,127348,1689],{},[40,127350,127352],{"className":42,"code":127351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127353,127354,127366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127355,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127357,126294],{"class":55},[49,127359,60],{"class":59},[49,127361,64],{"class":63},[49,127363,127275],{"class":67},[49,127365,71],{"class":63},[49,127367,127368,127370,127372,127374,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386,127388,127390],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127369,110],{"class":109},[49,127371,92],{"class":85},[49,127373,126312],{"class":88},[49,127375,32],{"class":85},[49,127377,960],{"class":88},[49,127379,963],{"class":85},[49,127381,126317],{"class":88},[49,127383,92],{"class":85},[49,127385,95],{"class":63},[49,127387,126324],{"class":67},[49,127389,95],{"class":63},[49,127391,1581],{"class":85},[20,127393,1974],{},[40,127395,127396],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127397,127398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127399,127400],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127401,3885],{"class":3757},[181,127403,127405],{"id":127404},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127407,127408],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[40,127410,127412],{"className":42,"code":127411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127413,127414,127427],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127415,127416,127418,127420,127422,127425],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127417,126294],{"class":55},[49,127419,60],{"class":59},[49,127421,64],{"class":63},[49,127423,127424],{"class":67},"picture.gif",[49,127426,71],{"class":63},[49,127428,127429,127431,127433,127435,127437,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457,127459,127461,127463],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127430,110],{"class":109},[49,127432,92],{"class":85},[49,127434,126312],{"class":88},[49,127436,32],{"class":85},[49,127438,126317],{"class":88},[49,127440,5417],{"class":85},[49,127442,95],{"class":63},[49,127444,126700],{"class":67},[49,127446,95],{"class":63},[49,127448,341],{"class":85},[49,127450,64],{"class":63},[49,127452,126647],{"class":67},[49,127454,95],{"class":63},[49,127456,341],{"class":85},[49,127458,64],{"class":63},[49,127460,126717],{"class":67},[49,127462,95],{"class":63},[49,127464,2815],{"class":85},[20,127466,1974],{},[40,127468,127469],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127470,127471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127472,127473],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127474,3885],{"class":3757},[20,127476,127477],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127479,51979],{},[40,127481,127483],{"className":42,"code":127482,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127484,127485,127498,127533,127537],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127486,127487,127490,127492,127494,127496],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127488,127489],{"class":55},"document ",[49,127491,60],{"class":59},[49,127493,64],{"class":63},[49,127495,86771],{"class":67},[49,127497,71],{"class":63},[49,127499,127500,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511,127513,127515,127517,127520,127522,127524,127526,127529,127531],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127501,127502],{"class":55},"allowed ",[49,127504,60],{"class":59},[49,127506,9142],{"class":85},[49,127508,95],{"class":63},[49,127510,126347],{"class":67},[49,127512,95],{"class":63},[49,127514,341],{"class":85},[49,127516,64],{"class":63},[49,127518,127519],{"class":67},".md",[49,127521,95],{"class":63},[49,127523,341],{"class":85},[49,127525,64],{"class":63},[49,127527,127528],{"class":67},".docx",[49,127530,95],{"class":63},[49,127532,103],{"class":85},[49,127534,127535],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,127536,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,127538,127539,127541,127543,127546,127548,127550,127552,127555],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,127540,110],{"class":109},[49,127542,92],{"class":85},[49,127544,127545],{"class":88},"document",[49,127547,32],{"class":85},[49,127549,126317],{"class":88},[49,127551,92],{"class":85},[49,127553,127554],{"class":88},"allowed",[49,127556,1581],{"class":85},[20,127558,1974],{},[40,127560,127561],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127562,127563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127564,127565],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127566,3885],{"class":3757},[20,127568,127569,127570,32],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[820,127571,1782,127572,1785],{"href":1804},[15,127573,1807],{},[181,127575,1308],{"id":1307},[20,127577,8355,127578,32],{},[15,127579,1815],{},[353,127581,127583],{"id":127582},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127585,4432],{},[40,127587,127589],{"className":42,"code":127588,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127590,127591,127603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127592,127593,127595,127597,127599,127601],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127594,126294],{"class":55},[49,127596,60],{"class":59},[49,127598,64],{"class":63},[49,127600,127189],{"class":67},[49,127602,71],{"class":63},[49,127604,127605],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127606,127607],{"class":121},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127609,127610],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[40,127612,127614],{"className":42,"code":127613,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127615,127616,127628],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127617,127618,127620,127622,127624,127626],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127619,126294],{"class":55},[49,127621,60],{"class":59},[49,127623,64],{"class":63},[49,127625,127189],{"class":67},[49,127627,71],{"class":63},[49,127629,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646,127648,127650,127652,127654,127656],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127631,110],{"class":109},[49,127633,92],{"class":85},[49,127635,126312],{"class":88},[49,127637,32],{"class":85},[49,127639,126317],{"class":88},[49,127641,5417],{"class":85},[49,127643,95],{"class":63},[49,127645,126700],{"class":67},[49,127647,95],{"class":63},[49,127649,341],{"class":85},[49,127651,64],{"class":63},[49,127653,126647],{"class":67},[49,127655,95],{"class":63},[49,127657,2815],{"class":85},[353,127659,127661],{"id":127660},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[40,127663,127665],{"className":42,"code":127664,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127666,127667,127679],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127668,127669,127671,127673,127675,127677],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127670,126294],{"class":55},[49,127672,60],{"class":59},[49,127674,64],{"class":63},[49,127676,127275],{"class":67},[49,127678,71],{"class":63},[49,127680,127681,127683,127685,127687,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697,127699],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127682,110],{"class":109},[49,127684,92],{"class":85},[49,127686,126312],{"class":88},[49,127688,32],{"class":85},[49,127690,126317],{"class":88},[49,127692,92],{"class":85},[49,127694,95],{"class":63},[49,127696,126324],{"class":67},[49,127698,95],{"class":63},[49,127700,1581],{"class":85},[20,127702,1974],{},[40,127704,127705],{"className":42,"code":3946,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127706,127707],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127708,127709],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127710,3946],{"class":3757},[20,127712,39164],{},[40,127714,127715],{"className":42,"code":127351,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127716,127717,127729],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127718,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127720,126294],{"class":55},[49,127722,60],{"class":59},[49,127724,64],{"class":63},[49,127726,127275],{"class":67},[49,127728,71],{"class":63},[49,127730,127731,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751,127753],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127732,110],{"class":109},[49,127734,92],{"class":85},[49,127736,126312],{"class":88},[49,127738,32],{"class":85},[49,127740,960],{"class":88},[49,127742,963],{"class":85},[49,127744,126317],{"class":88},[49,127746,92],{"class":85},[49,127748,95],{"class":63},[49,127750,126324],{"class":67},[49,127752,95],{"class":63},[49,127754,1581],{"class":85},[353,127756,1339,127758,1342,127760],{"id":127757},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127759,1815],{},[15,127761,3788],{},[20,127763,127764,127766],{},[15,127765,1815],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[40,127768,127770],{"className":42,"code":127769,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127771,127772,127785,127789,127811],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127773,127774,127776,127778,127780,127783],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127775,56],{"class":55},[49,127777,60],{"class":59},[49,127779,64],{"class":63},[49,127781,127782],{"class":67},"my_report.csv.backup",[49,127784,71],{"class":63},[49,127786,127787],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127788,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,127790,127791,127793,127795,127797,127799,127801,127803,127805,127807,127809],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,127792,110],{"class":109},[49,127794,92],{"class":85},[49,127796,245],{"class":88},[49,127798,32],{"class":85},[49,127800,126317],{"class":88},[49,127802,92],{"class":85},[49,127804,95],{"class":63},[49,127806,126324],{"class":67},[49,127808,95],{"class":63},[49,127810,1581],{"class":85},[49,127812,127813,127815,127817,127819,127821,127823,127825,127827],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,127814,110],{"class":109},[49,127816,92],{"class":85},[49,127818,95],{"class":63},[49,127820,126324],{"class":67},[49,127822,95],{"class":63},[49,127824,21083],{"class":1210},[49,127826,82],{"class":88},[49,127828,103],{"class":85},[20,127830,1974],{},[40,127832,127833],{"className":42,"code":127331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,127834,127835,127839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127836,127837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127838,3946],{"class":3757},[49,127840,127841],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127842,3885],{"class":3757},[353,127844,1318,127846,127848],{"id":127845},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127847,1815],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127850,127851,127853],{},[15,127852,1815],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[40,127855,127857],{"className":42,"code":127856,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127858,127859,127871,127893],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127860,127861,127863,127865,127867,127869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127862,126294],{"class":55},[49,127864,60],{"class":59},[49,127866,64],{"class":63},[49,127868,126301],{"class":67},[49,127870,71],{"class":63},[49,127872,127873,127875,127877,127879,127881,127883,127885,127887,127889,127891],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127874,110],{"class":109},[49,127876,92],{"class":85},[49,127878,126312],{"class":88},[49,127880,32],{"class":85},[49,127882,126317],{"class":88},[49,127884,92],{"class":85},[49,127886,95],{"class":63},[49,127888,126324],{"class":67},[49,127890,95],{"class":63},[49,127892,1581],{"class":85},[49,127894,127895,127897,127899,127901],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,127896,110],{"class":109},[49,127898,92],{"class":85},[49,127900,126312],{"class":88},[49,127902,103],{"class":85},[20,127904,1974],{},[40,127906,127908],{"className":42,"code":127907,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127909,127910,127914],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127911,127912],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127913,3885],{"class":3757},[49,127915,127916,127919,127921],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127917,127918],{"class":55},"report",[49,127920,32],{"class":85},[49,127922,127923],{"class":24660},"csv\n",[20,127925,127926,127927,32],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[820,127928,127929],{"href":124384},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127931,65947],{},[194,127933,127934,127937,127940,127943],{},[197,127935,127936],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[197,127938,127939],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[197,127941,127942],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[197,127944,644,127945,44529,127947,634,127949,111425],{},[15,127946,1815],{},[15,127948,1799],{},[15,127950,41554],{},[20,127952,30041],{},[40,127954,127956],{"className":42,"code":127955,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127957,127958,127968,127982,128004,128030],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,127959,127960,127962,127964,127966],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,127961,110],{"class":109},[49,127963,92],{"class":85},[49,127965,245],{"class":88},[49,127967,103],{"class":85},[49,127969,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978,127980],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,127971,110],{"class":109},[49,127973,92],{"class":85},[49,127975,1590],{"class":109},[49,127977,92],{"class":85},[49,127979,245],{"class":88},[49,127981,1581],{"class":85},[49,127983,127984,127986,127988,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,127985,110],{"class":109},[49,127987,92],{"class":85},[49,127989,245],{"class":88},[49,127991,32],{"class":85},[49,127993,126317],{"class":88},[49,127995,92],{"class":85},[49,127997,1573],{"class":63},[49,127999,126324],{"class":67},[49,128001,1573],{"class":63},[49,128003,1581],{"class":85},[49,128005,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026,128028],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,128007,110],{"class":109},[49,128009,92],{"class":85},[49,128011,245],{"class":88},[49,128013,32],{"class":85},[49,128015,960],{"class":88},[49,128017,963],{"class":85},[49,128019,126317],{"class":88},[49,128021,92],{"class":85},[49,128023,1573],{"class":63},[49,128025,126324],{"class":67},[49,128027,1573],{"class":63},[49,128029,1581],{"class":85},[49,128031,128032,128034,128036,128038,128040,128042],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,128033,110],{"class":109},[49,128035,92],{"class":85},[49,128037,3127],{"class":2804},[49,128039,92],{"class":85},[49,128041,245],{"class":88},[49,128043,1581],{"class":85},[181,128045,1704],{"id":1703},[353,128047,1720,128049,128051],{"id":128048},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128050,1815],{}," change the string?",[20,128053,128054,128055,634,128057,32],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128056,633],{},[15,128058,637],{},[353,128060,5077,128062,128064],{"id":128061},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128063,1815],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128066,128067,128068,32],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128069,128070],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[353,128072,14813,128074,1733],{"id":128073},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128075,1815],{},[20,128077,128078,128079,634,128081,128084],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128080,1689],{},[15,128082,128083],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[353,128086,1740,128088,380,128090,2394],{"id":128087},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128089,1815],{},[15,128091,17],{},[20,128093,128094,128096,128097,128099],{},[15,128095,1815],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128098,17],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[181,128101,1775],{"id":1774},[194,128103,128104,128110,128116,128120,128124],{},[197,128105,128106],{},[820,128107,1782,128108,1785],{"href":1804},[15,128109,1807],{},[197,128111,128112],{},[820,128113,1782,128114,1785],{"href":123946},[15,128115,1689],{},[197,128117,128118],{},[820,128119,1820],{"href":1303},[197,128121,128122],{},[820,128123,124619],{"href":124384},[197,128125,128126],{},[820,128127,124968],{"href":50875},[1834,128129,128130],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":128132},[128133,128134,128136,128137,128142,128143,128149,128150,128151,128159,128169],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":126377,"depth":74,"text":128135},"What endswith() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":126590,"depth":74,"text":126591,"children":128138},[128139,128140,128141],{"id":126505,"depth":106,"text":126505},{"id":368,"depth":106,"text":368},{"id":374,"depth":106,"text":374},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":127003,"depth":74,"text":127004,"children":128144},[128145,128146,128147,128148],{"id":127007,"depth":106,"text":127008},{"id":127061,"depth":106,"text":127062},{"id":127118,"depth":106,"text":127119},{"id":127172,"depth":106,"text":127173},{"id":834,"depth":74,"text":835},{"id":127404,"depth":74,"text":127405},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":128152},[128153,128154,128155,128157],{"id":127582,"depth":106,"text":127583},{"id":127660,"depth":106,"text":127661},{"id":127757,"depth":106,"text":128156},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127845,"depth":106,"text":128158},"Expecting endswith() to remove the 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String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129717,"toc":131610},[129718,129723,129728,129731,129733,129809,129813,129841,129849,129853,129858,129862,129879,129881,129948,129952,129974,129982,129984,129987,130011,130014,130028,130030,130115,130119,130131,130134,130138,130144,130194,130198,130215,130224,130227,130235,130238,130287,130291,130316,130319,130374,130378,130390,130396,130400,130406,130411,130478,130482,130508,130511,130522,130524,130591,130595,130620,130627,130631,130636,130643,130651,130653,130705,130709,130727,130729,130774,130778,130793,130796,130806,130813,130815,130819,130822,130833,130835,130895,130899,130927,130930,130936,130941,130944,130948,130992,130995,131033,131036,131044,131046,131051,131055,131058,131106,131109,131112,131168,131172,131177,131180,131229,131231,131280,131286,131291,131293,131340,131344,131357,131359,131410,131416,131419,131423,131426,131432,131437,131439,131442,131514,131517,131534,131536,131541,131544,131548,131554,131560,131567,131573,131579,131581,131607],[10,129719,13,129721,18],{"id":129720},"python-string-format-method",[15,129722,126215],{},[20,129724,22,129725,129727],{},[15,129726,126215],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129729,129730],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[181,129732,1907],{"id":1906},[40,129734,129736],{"className":42,"code":129735,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129737,129738,129750,129758,129762,129799],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129739,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129741,7785],{"class":55},[49,129743,60],{"class":59},[49,129745,64],{"class":63},[49,129747,11415],{"class":67},[49,129749,71],{"class":63},[49,129751,129752,129754,129756],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,129753,21538],{"class":55},[49,129755,60],{"class":59},[49,129757,88675],{"class":458},[49,129759,129760],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,129761,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,129763,129764,129766,129768,129770,129773,129775,129778,129780,129782,129784,129786,129789,129791,129793,129795,129797],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,129765,89882],{"class":55},[49,129767,60],{"class":59},[49,129769,64],{"class":63},[49,129771,129772],{"class":67},"My name is ",[49,129774,3698],{"class":458},[49,129776,129777],{"class":67}," and I am ",[49,129779,3698],{"class":458},[49,129781,122224],{"class":67},[49,129783,95],{"class":63},[49,129785,32],{"class":85},[49,129787,129788],{"class":88},"format",[49,129790,92],{"class":85},[49,129792,7575],{"class":88},[49,129794,341],{"class":85},[49,129796,9094],{"class":88},[49,129798,103],{"class":85},[49,129800,129801,129803,129805,129807],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,129802,110],{"class":109},[49,129804,92],{"class":85},[49,129806,89899],{"class":88},[49,129808,103],{"class":85},[20,129810,129811],{},[666,129812,1974],{},[40,129814,129816],{"className":42,"code":129815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129817,129818],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129819,129820,129823,129825,129828,129831,129834,129837,129839],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129821,129822],{"class":55},"My name ",[49,129824,12101],{"class":59},[49,129826,129827],{"class":55}," Maya ",[49,129829,129830],{"class":59},"and",[49,129832,129833],{"class":55}," I am ",[49,129835,129836],{"class":458},"12",[49,129838,122257],{"class":55},[49,129840,122260],{"class":85},[20,129842,35,129843,129845,129846,129848],{},[15,129844,3698],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129847,126215],{}," in the same order.",[20,129850,124965,129851,32],{},[820,129852,124968],{"href":50875},[181,129854,12904,129856,12907],{"id":129855},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129857,126215],{},[20,129859,661,129860,11319],{},[15,129861,126215],{},[194,129863,129864,129867,129873,129876],{},[197,129865,129866],{},"inserts values into a string",[197,129868,129869,129870,129872],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129871,3698],{}," with given values",[197,129874,129875],{},"returns a new string",[197,129877,129878],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129880,214],{},[40,129882,129884],{"className":42,"code":129883,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129885,129886,129900,129923,129927,129938],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129887,129888,129890,129892,129894,129896,129898],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129889,56],{"class":55},[49,129891,60],{"class":59},[49,129893,64],{"class":63},[49,129895,44801],{"class":67},[49,129897,3698],{"class":458},[49,129899,71],{"class":63},[49,129901,129902,129905,129907,129909,129911,129913,129915,129917,129919,129921],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,129903,129904],{"class":55},"new_text ",[49,129906,60],{"class":59},[49,129908,82],{"class":55},[49,129910,32],{"class":85},[49,129912,129788],{"class":88},[49,129914,92],{"class":85},[49,129916,95],{"class":63},[49,129918,7584],{"class":67},[49,129920,95],{"class":63},[49,129922,103],{"class":85},[49,129924,129925],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,129926,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,129928,129929,129931,129933,129936],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,129930,110],{"class":109},[49,129932,92],{"class":85},[49,129934,129935],{"class":88},"new_text",[49,129937,103],{"class":85},[49,129939,129940,129942,129944,129946],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,129941,110],{"class":109},[49,129943,92],{"class":85},[49,129945,245],{"class":88},[49,129947,103],{"class":85},[20,129949,129950],{},[666,129951,1974],{},[40,129953,129955],{"className":42,"code":129954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129956,129957,129966],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129958,129959,129961,129963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129960,891],{"class":55},[49,129962,341],{"class":85},[49,129964,129965],{"class":55}," Sam\n",[49,129967,129968,129970,129972],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,129969,891],{"class":55},[49,129971,341],{"class":85},[49,129973,9745],{"class":85},[20,129975,2188,129976,129978,129979,129981],{},[15,129977,245],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129980,126215],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[181,129983,316],{"id":315},[20,129985,129986],{},"The general form is:",[40,129988,129990],{"className":42,"code":129989,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129991,129992],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,129993,129994,129996,129999,130001,130003,130005,130007,130009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,129995,95],{"class":43228},[49,129997,129998],{"class":43232},"text {}",[49,130000,95],{"class":43228},[49,130002,32],{"class":85},[49,130004,129788],{"class":88},[49,130006,92],{"class":85},[49,130008,338],{"class":88},[49,130010,103],{"class":85},[20,130012,130013],{},"Key idea:",[194,130015,130016,130022,130025],{},[197,130017,130018,130019,130021],{},"each ",[15,130020,3698],{}," is a placeholder",[197,130023,130024],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[197,130026,130027],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130029,214],{},[40,130031,130033],{"className":42,"code":130032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130034,130035,130048,130062,130066,130104],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130036,130037,130040,130042,130044,130046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130038,130039],{"class":55},"animal ",[49,130041,60],{"class":59},[49,130043,64],{"class":63},[49,130045,36952],{"class":67},[49,130047,71],{"class":63},[49,130049,130050,130053,130055,130057,130060],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130051,130052],{"class":55},"sound ",[49,130054,60],{"class":59},[49,130056,64],{"class":63},[49,130058,130059],{"class":67},"meow",[49,130061,71],{"class":63},[49,130063,130064],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,130065,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,130067,130068,130071,130073,130075,130077,130079,130082,130084,130086,130088,130090,130092,130094,130097,130099,130102],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,130069,130070],{"class":55},"sentence ",[49,130072,60],{"class":59},[49,130074,64],{"class":63},[49,130076,661],{"class":67},[49,130078,3698],{"class":458},[49,130080,130081],{"class":67}," says ",[49,130083,3698],{"class":458},[49,130085,32],{"class":67},[49,130087,95],{"class":63},[49,130089,32],{"class":85},[49,130091,129788],{"class":88},[49,130093,92],{"class":85},[49,130095,130096],{"class":88},"animal",[49,130098,341],{"class":85},[49,130100,130101],{"class":88}," sound",[49,130103,103],{"class":85},[49,130105,130106,130108,130110,130113],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,130107,110],{"class":109},[49,130109,92],{"class":85},[49,130111,130112],{"class":88},"sentence",[49,130114,103],{"class":85},[20,130116,130117],{},[666,130118,1974],{},[40,130120,130122],{"className":42,"code":130121,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130123,130124],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130125,130126,130129],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130127,130128],{"class":55},"The cat says meow",[49,130130,122260],{"class":85},[20,130132,130133],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[181,130135,130137],{"id":130136},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130139,130140,130141,130143],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130142,3698],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[40,130145,130147],{"className":42,"code":130146,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130148,130149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130150,130151,130153,130155,130157,130160,130162,130164,130166,130168,130170,130172,130174,130176,130178,130181,130183,130185,130187,130190,130192],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130152,110],{"class":109},[49,130154,92],{"class":85},[49,130156,95],{"class":63},[49,130158,130159],{"class":67},"I like ",[49,130161,3698],{"class":458},[49,130163,380],{"class":67},[49,130165,3698],{"class":458},[49,130167,32],{"class":67},[49,130169,95],{"class":63},[49,130171,32],{"class":85},[49,130173,129788],{"class":88},[49,130175,92],{"class":85},[49,130177,95],{"class":63},[49,130179,130180],{"class":67},"pizza",[49,130182,95],{"class":63},[49,130184,341],{"class":85},[49,130186,64],{"class":63},[49,130188,130189],{"class":67},"pasta",[49,130191,95],{"class":63},[49,130193,1581],{"class":85},[20,130195,130196],{},[666,130197,1974],{},[40,130199,130201],{"className":42,"code":130200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130202,130203],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130204,130205,130208,130210,130213],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130206,130207],{"class":55},"I like pizza ",[49,130209,129830],{"class":59},[49,130211,130212],{"class":55}," pasta",[49,130214,122260],{"class":85},[20,130216,130217,130218,380,130221,32],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130219,130220],{},"{0}",[15,130222,130223],{},"{1}",[20,130225,130226],{},"This is helpful when:",[194,130228,130229,130232],{},[197,130230,130231],{},"you want to reuse a value",[197,130233,130234],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130236,130237],{},"Example with reused values:",[40,130239,130241],{"className":42,"code":130240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130242,130243,130277],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130244,130245,130247,130249,130251,130253,130256,130258,130261,130263,130265,130267,130269,130271,130273,130275],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130246,56],{"class":55},[49,130248,60],{"class":59},[49,130250,64],{"class":63},[49,130252,130220],{"class":458},[49,130254,130255],{"class":67}," is learning Python. ",[49,130257,130220],{"class":458},[49,130259,130260],{"class":67}," likes coding.",[49,130262,95],{"class":63},[49,130264,32],{"class":85},[49,130266,129788],{"class":88},[49,130268,92],{"class":85},[49,130270,95],{"class":63},[49,130272,19793],{"class":67},[49,130274,95],{"class":63},[49,130276,103],{"class":85},[49,130278,130279,130281,130283,130285],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130280,110],{"class":109},[49,130282,92],{"class":85},[49,130284,245],{"class":88},[49,130286,103],{"class":85},[20,130288,130289],{},[666,130290,1974],{},[40,130292,130294],{"className":42,"code":130293,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130295,130296],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130297,130298,130301,130303,130306,130308,130311,130314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130299,130300],{"class":55},"Lina ",[49,130302,12101],{"class":59},[49,130304,130305],{"class":55}," learning Python",[49,130307,32],{"class":85},[49,130309,130310],{"class":24660}," Lina",[49,130312,130313],{"class":55}," likes coding",[49,130315,122260],{"class":85},[20,130317,130318],{},"Example with changed order:",[40,130320,130322],{"className":42,"code":130321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130323,130324,130364],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130325,130326,130328,130330,130332,130334,130336,130338,130340,130342,130344,130346,130348,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130327,56],{"class":55},[49,130329,60],{"class":59},[49,130331,64],{"class":63},[49,130333,130223],{"class":458},[49,130335,83202],{"class":67},[49,130337,130220],{"class":458},[49,130339,32],{"class":67},[49,130341,95],{"class":63},[49,130343,32],{"class":85},[49,130345,129788],{"class":88},[49,130347,92],{"class":85},[49,130349,95],{"class":63},[49,130351,6491],{"class":67},[49,130353,95],{"class":63},[49,130355,341],{"class":85},[49,130357,64],{"class":63},[49,130359,710],{"class":67},[49,130361,95],{"class":63},[49,130363,103],{"class":85},[49,130365,130366,130368,130370,130372],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130367,110],{"class":109},[49,130369,92],{"class":85},[49,130371,245],{"class":88},[49,130373,103],{"class":85},[20,130375,130376],{},[666,130377,1974],{},[40,130379,130381],{"className":42,"code":130380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130382,130383],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130384,130385,130388],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130386,130387],{"class":55},"two comes after one",[49,130389,122260],{"class":85},[20,130391,130392,130393,130395],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130394,3698],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[181,130397,130399],{"id":130398},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130401,130402,130403,32],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130404,130405],{},"{name}",[20,130407,130408,130409,1197],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130410,126215],{},[40,130412,130414],{"className":42,"code":130413,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130415,130416,130468],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130417,130418,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428,130431,130434,130436,130438,130440,130442,130444,130446,130448,130450,130452,130454,130456,130458,130460,130462,130464,130466],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130419,56],{"class":55},[49,130421,60],{"class":59},[49,130423,64],{"class":63},[49,130425,129772],{"class":67},[49,130427,130405],{"class":458},[49,130429,130430],{"class":67}," and I live in ",[49,130432,130433],{"class":458},"{city}",[49,130435,32],{"class":67},[49,130437,95],{"class":63},[49,130439,32],{"class":85},[49,130441,129788],{"class":88},[49,130443,92],{"class":85},[49,130445,7575],{"class":9081},[49,130447,60],{"class":59},[49,130449,95],{"class":63},[49,130451,12788],{"class":67},[49,130453,95],{"class":63},[49,130455,341],{"class":85},[49,130457,31291],{"class":9081},[49,130459,60],{"class":59},[49,130461,95],{"class":63},[49,130463,15942],{"class":67},[49,130465,95],{"class":63},[49,130467,103],{"class":85},[49,130469,130470,130472,130474,130476],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130471,110],{"class":109},[49,130473,92],{"class":85},[49,130475,245],{"class":88},[49,130477,103],{"class":85},[20,130479,130480],{},[666,130481,1974],{},[40,130483,130485],{"className":42,"code":130484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130486,130487],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130488,130489,130491,130493,130496,130498,130501,130503,130506],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130490,129822],{"class":55},[49,130492,12101],{"class":59},[49,130494,130495],{"class":55}," Ana ",[49,130497,129830],{"class":59},[49,130499,130500],{"class":55}," I live ",[49,130502,3788],{"class":59},[49,130504,130505],{"class":55}," Lima",[49,130507,122260],{"class":85},[20,130509,130510],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[194,130512,130513,130516,130519],{},[197,130514,130515],{},"they make code easier to read",[197,130517,130518],{},"they help when a string has many values",[197,130520,130521],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130523,214],{},[40,130525,130527],{"className":42,"code":130526,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130528,130529,130581],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130530,130531,130534,130536,130538,130541,130544,130547,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130567,130569,130571,130574,130576,130579],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130532,130533],{"class":55},"report ",[49,130535,60],{"class":59},[49,130537,64],{"class":63},[49,130539,130540],{"class":67},"Student: ",[49,130542,130543],{"class":458},"{student}",[49,130545,130546],{"class":67},", Score: ",[49,130548,130549],{"class":458},"{score}",[49,130551,95],{"class":63},[49,130553,32],{"class":85},[49,130555,129788],{"class":88},[49,130557,92],{"class":85},[49,130559,13535],{"class":9081},[49,130561,60],{"class":59},[49,130563,95],{"class":63},[49,130565,130566],{"class":67},"Noah",[49,130568,95],{"class":63},[49,130570,341],{"class":85},[49,130572,130573],{"class":9081}," score",[49,130575,60],{"class":59},[49,130577,130578],{"class":458},"95",[49,130580,103],{"class":85},[49,130582,130583,130585,130587,130589],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130584,110],{"class":109},[49,130586,92],{"class":85},[49,130588,127918],{"class":88},[49,130590,103],{"class":85},[20,130592,130593],{},[666,130594,1974],{},[40,130596,130598],{"className":42,"code":130597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130599,130600],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130601,130602,130605,130607,130610,130612,130615,130617],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130603,130604],{"class":55},"Student",[49,130606,1197],{"class":85},[49,130608,130609],{"class":55}," Noah",[49,130611,341],{"class":85},[49,130613,130614],{"class":55}," Score",[49,130616,1197],{"class":85},[49,130618,130619],{"class":458}," 95\n",[20,130621,130622,130623,32],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[820,130624,3482,130625,3415],{"href":42075},[15,130626,47583],{},[181,130628,130630],{"id":130629},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130632,130633,130635],{},[15,130634,126215],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130637,130638,130639,130642],{},"A common example is ",[15,130640,130641],{},":.2f",", which means:",[194,130644,130645,130648],{},[197,130646,130647],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[197,130649,130650],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130652,214],{},[40,130654,130656],{"className":42,"code":130655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130657,130658,130666,130695],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130659,130660,130662,130664],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130661,40290],{"class":55},[49,130663,60],{"class":59},[49,130665,49176],{"class":458},[49,130667,130668,130670,130672,130674,130677,130679,130681,130683,130685,130687,130689,130691,130693],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130669,56],{"class":55},[49,130671,60],{"class":59},[49,130673,64],{"class":63},[49,130675,130676],{"class":67},"Price: $",[49,130678,9184],{"class":458},[49,130680,130641],{"class":1968},[49,130682,22212],{"class":458},[49,130684,95],{"class":63},[49,130686,32],{"class":85},[49,130688,129788],{"class":88},[49,130690,92],{"class":85},[49,130692,25060],{"class":88},[49,130694,103],{"class":85},[49,130696,130697,130699,130701,130703],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,130698,110],{"class":109},[49,130700,92],{"class":85},[49,130702,245],{"class":88},[49,130704,103],{"class":85},[20,130706,130707],{},[666,130708,1974],{},[40,130710,130712],{"className":42,"code":130711,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130713,130714],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130715,130716,130719,130721,130724],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130717,130718],{"class":55},"Price",[49,130720,1197],{"class":85},[49,130722,130723],{"class":37271}," $",[49,130725,130726],{"class":458},"3.50\n",[20,130728,51979],{},[40,130730,130732],{"className":42,"code":130731,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130733,130734,130744],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130735,130736,130739,130741],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130737,130738],{"class":55},"average ",[49,130740,60],{"class":59},[49,130742,130743],{"class":458}," 91.236\n",[49,130745,130746,130748,130750,130752,130755,130757,130759,130761,130763,130765,130767,130769,130772],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130747,110],{"class":109},[49,130749,92],{"class":85},[49,130751,95],{"class":63},[49,130753,130754],{"class":67},"Average: ",[49,130756,9184],{"class":458},[49,130758,130641],{"class":1968},[49,130760,22212],{"class":458},[49,130762,95],{"class":63},[49,130764,32],{"class":85},[49,130766,129788],{"class":88},[49,130768,92],{"class":85},[49,130770,130771],{"class":88},"average",[49,130773,1581],{"class":85},[20,130775,130776],{},[666,130777,1974],{},[40,130779,130781],{"className":42,"code":130780,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130782,130783],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130784,130785,130788,130790],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130786,130787],{"class":55},"Average",[49,130789,1197],{"class":85},[49,130791,130792],{"class":458}," 91.24\n",[20,130794,130795],{},"This is useful for:",[194,130797,130798,130800,130803],{},[197,130799,82960],{},[197,130801,130802],{},"averages",[197,130804,130805],{},"percentages",[20,130807,130808,130809,32],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[820,130810,3482,130811,2205],{"href":46348},[15,130812,46351],{},[181,130814,17328],{"id":17327},[20,130816,130817,92395],{},[15,130818,126215],{},[20,130820,130821],{},"That means you can:",[194,130823,130824,130827,130830],{},[197,130825,130826],{},"save it in a variable",[197,130828,130829],{},"print it directly",[197,130831,130832],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130834,214],{},[40,130836,130838],{"className":42,"code":130837,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130839,130840,130871,130881],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130841,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856,130858,130860,130862,130864,130867,130869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130843,89882],{"class":55},[49,130845,60],{"class":59},[49,130847,64],{"class":63},[49,130849,44801],{"class":67},[49,130851,3698],{"class":458},[49,130853,89724],{"class":67},[49,130855,95],{"class":63},[49,130857,32],{"class":85},[49,130859,129788],{"class":88},[49,130861,92],{"class":85},[49,130863,95],{"class":63},[49,130865,130866],{"class":67},"Chris",[49,130868,95],{"class":63},[49,130870,103],{"class":85},[49,130872,130873,130875,130877,130879],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130874,110],{"class":109},[49,130876,92],{"class":85},[49,130878,89899],{"class":88},[49,130880,103],{"class":85},[49,130882,130883,130885,130887,130889,130891,130893],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,130884,110],{"class":109},[49,130886,92],{"class":85},[49,130888,3127],{"class":2804},[49,130890,92],{"class":85},[49,130892,89899],{"class":88},[49,130894,1581],{"class":85},[20,130896,130897],{},[666,130898,1974],{},[40,130900,130902],{"className":42,"code":130901,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130903,130904,130913],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130905,130906,130908,130910],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130907,891],{"class":55},[49,130909,341],{"class":85},[49,130911,130912],{"class":55}," Chris!\n",[49,130914,130915,130917,130919,130921,130923,130925],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130916,3196],{"class":59},[49,130918,3199],{"class":1968},[49,130920,3202],{"class":63},[49,130922,3349],{"class":67},[49,130924,1573],{"class":63},[49,130926,3209],{"class":59},[20,130928,130929],{},"The original string is not changed.",[181,130931,130933,130935],{"id":130932},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130934,126215],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130937,130938,130940],{},[15,130939,126215],{}," is a string method.",[20,130942,130943],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130945,45939,130946,1197],{},[15,130947,126215],{},[40,130949,130951],{"className":42,"code":130950,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130952,130953,130966],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,130954,130955,130957,130959,130961,130964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,130956,7785],{"class":55},[49,130958,60],{"class":59},[49,130960,64],{"class":63},[49,130962,130963],{"class":67},"Rita",[49,130965,71],{"class":63},[49,130967,130968,130970,130972,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,130969,110],{"class":109},[49,130971,92],{"class":85},[49,130973,95],{"class":63},[49,130975,44801],{"class":67},[49,130977,3698],{"class":458},[49,130979,89724],{"class":67},[49,130981,95],{"class":63},[49,130983,32],{"class":85},[49,130985,129788],{"class":88},[49,130987,92],{"class":85},[49,130989,7575],{"class":88},[49,130991,1581],{"class":85},[20,130993,130994],{},"Example with an f-string:",[40,130996,130998],{"className":42,"code":130997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130999,131000,131012],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131001,131002,131004,131006,131008,131010],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131003,7785],{"class":55},[49,131005,60],{"class":59},[49,131007,64],{"class":63},[49,131009,130963],{"class":67},[49,131011,71],{"class":63},[49,131013,131014,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026,131028,131031],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131015,110],{"class":109},[49,131017,92],{"class":85},[49,131019,22203],{"class":1968},[49,131021,43246],{"class":67},[49,131023,9184],{"class":458},[49,131025,7575],{"class":88},[49,131027,22212],{"class":458},[49,131029,131030],{"class":67},"!\"",[49,131032,103],{"class":85},[20,131034,131035],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131037,131038,131039,131041,131042,32],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131040,126215],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[820,131043,89569],{"href":89568},[181,131045,1308],{"id":1307},[20,131047,131048,131049,32],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131050,126215],{},[353,131052,131054],{"id":131053},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131056,131057],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[40,131059,131061],{"className":42,"code":131060,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131062,131063,131096],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131064,131065,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092,131094],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131066,56],{"class":55},[49,131068,60],{"class":59},[49,131070,64],{"class":63},[49,131072,44801],{"class":67},[49,131074,3698],{"class":458},[49,131076,131077],{"class":458}," {}",[49,131079,89724],{"class":67},[49,131081,95],{"class":63},[49,131083,32],{"class":85},[49,131085,129788],{"class":88},[49,131087,92],{"class":85},[49,131089,95],{"class":63},[49,131091,7584],{"class":67},[49,131093,95],{"class":63},[49,131095,103],{"class":85},[49,131097,131098,131100,131102,131104],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131099,110],{"class":109},[49,131101,92],{"class":85},[49,131103,245],{"class":88},[49,131105,103],{"class":85},[20,131107,131108],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131110,131111],{},"Fixed version:",[40,131113,131115],{"className":42,"code":131114,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131116,131117,131158],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131118,131119,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147,131149,131151,131154,131156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131120,56],{"class":55},[49,131122,60],{"class":59},[49,131124,64],{"class":63},[49,131126,44801],{"class":67},[49,131128,3698],{"class":458},[49,131130,131077],{"class":458},[49,131132,89724],{"class":67},[49,131134,95],{"class":63},[49,131136,32],{"class":85},[49,131138,129788],{"class":88},[49,131140,92],{"class":85},[49,131142,95],{"class":63},[49,131144,7584],{"class":67},[49,131146,95],{"class":63},[49,131148,341],{"class":85},[49,131150,64],{"class":63},[49,131152,131153],{"class":67},"Lee",[49,131155,95],{"class":63},[49,131157,103],{"class":85},[49,131159,131160,131162,131164,131166],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131161,110],{"class":109},[49,131163,92],{"class":85},[49,131165,245],{"class":88},[49,131167,103],{"class":85},[353,131169,131171],{"id":131170},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131173,131174,131175,32],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131176,126215],{},[20,131178,131179],{},"Problem:",[40,131181,131183],{"className":42,"code":131182,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131184,131185,131219],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131186,131187,131189,131191,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203,131205,131207,131209,131211,131213,131215,131217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131188,56],{"class":55},[49,131190,60],{"class":59},[49,131192,64],{"class":63},[49,131194,44801],{"class":67},[49,131196,130405],{"class":458},[49,131198,89724],{"class":67},[49,131200,95],{"class":63},[49,131202,32],{"class":85},[49,131204,129788],{"class":88},[49,131206,92],{"class":85},[49,131208,7894],{"class":9081},[49,131210,60],{"class":59},[49,131212,95],{"class":63},[49,131214,7584],{"class":67},[49,131216,95],{"class":63},[49,131218,103],{"class":85},[49,131220,131221,131223,131225,131227],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131222,110],{"class":109},[49,131224,92],{"class":85},[49,131226,245],{"class":88},[49,131228,103],{"class":85},[20,131230,131111],{},[40,131232,131234],{"className":42,"code":131233,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131235,131236,131270],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131237,131238,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250,131252,131254,131256,131258,131260,131262,131264,131266,131268],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131239,56],{"class":55},[49,131241,60],{"class":59},[49,131243,64],{"class":63},[49,131245,44801],{"class":67},[49,131247,130405],{"class":458},[49,131249,89724],{"class":67},[49,131251,95],{"class":63},[49,131253,32],{"class":85},[49,131255,129788],{"class":88},[49,131257,92],{"class":85},[49,131259,7575],{"class":9081},[49,131261,60],{"class":59},[49,131263,95],{"class":63},[49,131265,7584],{"class":67},[49,131267,95],{"class":63},[49,131269,103],{"class":85},[49,131271,131272,131274,131276,131278],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131273,110],{"class":109},[49,131275,92],{"class":85},[49,131277,245],{"class":88},[49,131279,103],{"class":85},[353,131281,1318,131283,131285],{"id":131282},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131284,126215],{}," to change the original string",[20,131287,131288,131290],{},[15,131289,126215],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131292,131179],{},[40,131294,131296],{"className":42,"code":131295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131297,131298,131312,131330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131299,131300,131302,131304,131306,131308,131310],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131301,56],{"class":55},[49,131303,60],{"class":59},[49,131305,64],{"class":63},[49,131307,44801],{"class":67},[49,131309,3698],{"class":458},[49,131311,71],{"class":63},[49,131313,131314,131316,131318,131320,131322,131324,131326,131328],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131315,245],{"class":55},[49,131317,32],{"class":85},[49,131319,129788],{"class":88},[49,131321,92],{"class":85},[49,131323,95],{"class":63},[49,131325,7584],{"class":67},[49,131327,95],{"class":63},[49,131329,103],{"class":85},[49,131331,131332,131334,131336,131338],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,131333,110],{"class":109},[49,131335,92],{"class":85},[49,131337,245],{"class":88},[49,131339,103],{"class":85},[20,131341,131342],{},[666,131343,1974],{},[40,131345,131347],{"className":42,"code":131346,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131348,131349],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131350,131351,131353,131355],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131352,891],{"class":55},[49,131354,341],{"class":85},[49,131356,9745],{"class":85},[20,131358,131111],{},[40,131360,131362],{"className":42,"code":131361,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131363,131364,131378,131400],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131365,131366,131368,131370,131372,131374,131376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131367,56],{"class":55},[49,131369,60],{"class":59},[49,131371,64],{"class":63},[49,131373,44801],{"class":67},[49,131375,3698],{"class":458},[49,131377,71],{"class":63},[49,131379,131380,131382,131384,131386,131388,131390,131392,131394,131396,131398],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131381,56],{"class":55},[49,131383,60],{"class":59},[49,131385,82],{"class":55},[49,131387,32],{"class":85},[49,131389,129788],{"class":88},[49,131391,92],{"class":85},[49,131393,95],{"class":63},[49,131395,7584],{"class":67},[49,131397,95],{"class":63},[49,131399,103],{"class":85},[49,131401,131402,131404,131406,131408],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,131403,110],{"class":109},[49,131405,92],{"class":85},[49,131407,245],{"class":88},[49,131409,103],{"class":85},[353,131411,4610,131413,131415],{"id":131412},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131414,126215],{}," returns a new string",[20,131417,131418],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[353,131420,131422],{"id":131421},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131424,131425],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131427,131428,131429,131431],{},"Use simple ",[15,131430,3698],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131433,131434,131435,32],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[820,131436,90281],{"href":90280},[181,131438,67777],{"id":67776},[20,131440,131441],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[40,131443,131445],{"className":42,"code":131444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131446,131447,131457,131471,131500],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131448,131449,131451,131453,131455],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131450,110],{"class":109},[49,131452,92],{"class":85},[49,131454,245],{"class":88},[49,131456,103],{"class":85},[49,131458,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467,131469],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131460,110],{"class":109},[49,131462,92],{"class":85},[49,131464,3127],{"class":2804},[49,131466,92],{"class":85},[49,131468,338],{"class":88},[49,131470,1581],{"class":85},[49,131472,131473,131475,131477,131479,131482,131484,131486,131488,131490,131492,131494,131496,131498],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,131474,110],{"class":109},[49,131476,92],{"class":85},[49,131478,95],{"class":63},[49,131480,131481],{"class":67},"Hello ",[49,131483,3698],{"class":458},[49,131485,95],{"class":63},[49,131487,32],{"class":85},[49,131489,129788],{"class":88},[49,131491,92],{"class":85},[49,131493,95],{"class":63},[49,131495,7584],{"class":67},[49,131497,95],{"class":63},[49,131499,1581],{"class":85},[49,131501,131502,131504,131506,131508,131510,131512],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,131503,32059],{"class":109},[49,131505,92],{"class":85},[49,131507,3349],{"class":2804},[49,131509,32],{"class":85},[49,131511,129788],{"class":24660},[49,131513,103],{"class":85},[20,131515,131516],{},"Use them to check:",[194,131518,131519,131522,131525,131528],{},[197,131520,131521],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[197,131523,131524],{},"what type your value has",[197,131526,131527],{},"whether a small test example works",[197,131529,131530,131531],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131532,131533],{},"str.format",[181,131535,1704],{"id":1703},[353,131537,1708,131539,12623],{"id":131538},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131540,126215],{},[20,131542,131543],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[353,131545,131547],{"id":131546},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131549,131550,131551,131553],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131552,3698],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[353,131555,131557,131558,2394],{"id":131556},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131559,126215],{},[20,131561,131562,131563,131566],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131564,131565],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[353,131568,14813,131570,131572],{"id":131569},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131571,126215],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131574,131575,131576,131578],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131577,126215],{}," is still useful and common.",[181,131580,1775],{"id":1774},[194,131582,131583,131587,131591,131597,131603],{},[197,131584,131585],{},[820,131586,124968],{"href":50875},[197,131588,131589],{},[820,131590,90557],{"href":89568},[197,131592,131593],{},[820,131594,3482,131595,3415],{"href":46348},[15,131596,46351],{},[197,131598,131599],{},[820,131600,3482,131601,3415],{"href":42075},[15,131602,47583],{},[197,131604,131605],{},[820,131606,90281],{"href":90280},[1834,131608,131609],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":131611},[131612,131613,131615,131616,131617,131618,131619,131620,131622,131631,131632,131641],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":129855,"depth":74,"text":131614},"What the format() method does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":130136,"depth":74,"text":130137},{"id":130398,"depth":74,"text":130399},{"id":130629,"depth":74,"text":130630},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":130932,"depth":74,"text":131621},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":131623},[131624,131625,131626,131628,131630],{"id":131053,"depth":106,"text":131054},{"id":131170,"depth":106,"text":131171},{"id":131282,"depth":106,"text":131627},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131412,"depth":106,"text":131629},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131421,"depth":106,"text":131422},{"id":67776,"depth":74,"text":67777},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":131633},[131634,131636,131637,131639],{"id":131538,"depth":106,"text":131635},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131546,"depth":106,"text":131547},{"id":131556,"depth":106,"text":131638},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131569,"depth":106,"text":131640},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129715,"description":131642},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131649,"title":131650,"body":131651,"description":133131,"extension":1866,"meta":133132,"navigation":128,"path":133133,"seo":133134,"stem":133135,"__hash__":133136},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131652,"toc":133103},[131653,131658,131663,131668,131670,131732,131739,131745,131750,131752,131768,131770,131841,131843,131857,131860,131910,131912,131914,131941,131944,131959,131962,132003,132006,132051,132058,132107,132109,132117,132119,132137,132139,132232,132240,132281,132286,132293,132299,132306,132309,132313,132414,132416,132438,132442,132495,132498,132501,132507,132514,132516,132555,132557,132575,132585,132592,132675,132678,132685,132692,132699,132703,132711,132757,132761,132770,132835,132840,132845,132856,132858,132863,132890,132892,132995,132998,133018,133020,133025,133028,133032,133036,133043,133052,133058,133061,133067,133069,133071,133100],[10,131654,13,131656,18],{"id":131655},"python-string-index-method",[15,131657,986],{},[20,131659,22,131660,131662],{},[15,131661,986],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131664,131665,131666,32],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131667,1010],{},[181,131669,1907],{"id":1906},[40,131671,131673],{"className":42,"code":131672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131674,131675,131687,131709,131719,131723,131727],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131676,131677,131679,131681,131683,131685],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131678,56],{"class":55},[49,131680,60],{"class":59},[49,131682,64],{"class":63},[49,131684,68],{"class":67},[49,131686,71],{"class":63},[49,131688,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131690,77],{"class":55},[49,131692,60],{"class":59},[49,131694,82],{"class":55},[49,131696,32],{"class":85},[49,131698,1100],{"class":88},[49,131700,92],{"class":85},[49,131702,95],{"class":63},[49,131704,98],{"class":67},[49,131706,95],{"class":63},[49,131708,103],{"class":85},[49,131710,131711,131713,131715,131717],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,131712,110],{"class":109},[49,131714,92],{"class":85},[49,131716,115],{"class":88},[49,131718,103],{"class":85},[49,131720,131721],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,131722,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,131724,131725],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,131726,90698],{"class":121},[49,131728,131729],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,131730,131731],{"class":121},"# 6\n",[20,131733,35,131734,131736,131737,32],{},[15,131735,986],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131738,1010],{},[181,131740,184,131742,187],{"id":131741},"what-strindex-does",[15,131743,131744],{},"str.index()",[20,131746,131747,131749],{},[15,131748,131744],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131751,12960],{},[194,131753,131754,131757,131760,131763],{},[197,131755,131756],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[197,131758,131759],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[197,131761,131762],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[197,131764,30199,131765,131767],{},[15,131766,1010],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131769,214],{},[40,131771,131773],{"className":42,"code":131772,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131774,131775,131787,131791,131816],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131776,131777,131779,131781,131783,131785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131778,56],{"class":55},[49,131780,60],{"class":59},[49,131782,64],{"class":63},[49,131784,230],{"class":67},[49,131786,71],{"class":63},[49,131788,131789],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131790,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,131792,131793,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,131794,110],{"class":109},[49,131796,92],{"class":85},[49,131798,245],{"class":88},[49,131800,32],{"class":85},[49,131802,1100],{"class":88},[49,131804,92],{"class":85},[49,131806,95],{"class":63},[49,131808,820],{"class":67},[49,131810,95],{"class":63},[49,131812,261],{"class":85},[49,131814,131815],{"class":121},"     # 1\n",[49,131817,131818,131820,131822,131824,131826,131828,131830,131832,131834,131836,131838],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,131819,110],{"class":109},[49,131821,92],{"class":85},[49,131823,245],{"class":88},[49,131825,32],{"class":85},[49,131827,1100],{"class":88},[49,131829,92],{"class":85},[49,131831,95],{"class":63},[49,131833,256],{"class":67},[49,131835,95],{"class":63},[49,131837,261],{"class":85},[49,131839,131840],{"class":121},"    # 2\n",[20,131842,2080],{},[194,131844,131845,131851],{},[197,131846,131847,309,131849],{},[15,131848,18006],{},[15,131850,1223],{},[197,131852,131853,309,131855],{},[15,131854,308],{},[15,131856,312],{},[20,131858,131859],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[40,131861,131863],{"className":42,"code":131862,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131864,131865,131877,131881,131905],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131866,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131868,56],{"class":55},[49,131870,60],{"class":59},[49,131872,64],{"class":63},[49,131874,891],{"class":67},[49,131876,71],{"class":63},[49,131878,131879],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131880,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,131882,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897,131899,131901,131903],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,131884,110],{"class":109},[49,131886,92],{"class":85},[49,131888,245],{"class":88},[49,131890,32],{"class":85},[49,131892,1100],{"class":88},[49,131894,92],{"class":85},[49,131896,95],{"class":63},[49,131898,51091],{"class":67},[49,131900,95],{"class":63},[49,131902,261],{"class":85},[49,131904,574],{"class":121},[49,131906,131907],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,131908,131909],{"class":121},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[181,131911,316],{"id":315},[20,131913,319],{},[40,131915,131917],{"className":42,"code":131916,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131918,131919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131920,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131922,329],{"class":55},[49,131924,32],{"class":85},[49,131926,1100],{"class":88},[49,131928,92],{"class":85},[49,131930,338],{"class":88},[49,131932,341],{"class":85},[49,131934,344],{"class":88},[49,131936,341],{"class":85},[49,131938,349],{"class":88},[49,131940,103],{"class":85},[20,131942,131943],{},"Parameters:",[194,131945,131946,131950,131954],{},[197,131947,131948,363],{},[15,131949,338],{},[197,131951,131952,369],{},[15,131953,368],{},[197,131955,131956,131958],{},[15,131957,374],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131960,131961],{},"You can use just the value:",[40,131963,131965],{"className":42,"code":131964,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131966,131967,131979],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,131968,131969,131971,131973,131975,131977],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,131970,56],{"class":55},[49,131972,60],{"class":59},[49,131974,64],{"class":63},[49,131976,44],{"class":67},[49,131978,71],{"class":63},[49,131980,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,131982,110],{"class":109},[49,131984,92],{"class":85},[49,131986,245],{"class":88},[49,131988,32],{"class":85},[49,131990,1100],{"class":88},[49,131992,92],{"class":85},[49,131994,95],{"class":63},[49,131996,63177],{"class":67},[49,131998,95],{"class":63},[49,132000,261],{"class":85},[49,132002,51314],{"class":121},[20,132004,132005],{},"Or include a start position:",[40,132007,132009],{"className":42,"code":132008,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132010,132011,132023],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132012,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132014,56],{"class":55},[49,132016,60],{"class":59},[49,132018,64],{"class":63},[49,132020,230],{"class":67},[49,132022,71],{"class":63},[49,132024,132025,132027,132029,132031,132033,132035,132037,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132026,110],{"class":109},[49,132028,92],{"class":85},[49,132030,245],{"class":88},[49,132032,32],{"class":85},[49,132034,1100],{"class":88},[49,132036,92],{"class":85},[49,132038,95],{"class":63},[49,132040,820],{"class":67},[49,132042,95],{"class":63},[49,132044,341],{"class":85},[49,132046,2896],{"class":458},[49,132048,261],{"class":85},[49,132050,50671],{"class":121},[20,132052,132053,132054,380,132056,1197],{},"Or include both ",[15,132055,368],{},[15,132057,374],{},[40,132059,132061],{"className":42,"code":132060,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132062,132063,132075],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132064,132065,132067,132069,132071,132073],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132066,56],{"class":55},[49,132068,60],{"class":59},[49,132070,64],{"class":63},[49,132072,230],{"class":67},[49,132074,71],{"class":63},[49,132076,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087,132089,132091,132093,132095,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132078,110],{"class":109},[49,132080,92],{"class":85},[49,132082,245],{"class":88},[49,132084,32],{"class":85},[49,132086,1100],{"class":88},[49,132088,92],{"class":85},[49,132090,95],{"class":63},[49,132092,820],{"class":67},[49,132094,95],{"class":63},[49,132096,341],{"class":85},[49,132098,2896],{"class":458},[49,132100,341],{"class":85},[49,132102,459],{"class":458},[49,132104,261],{"class":85},[49,132106,50671],{"class":121},[181,132108,502],{"id":501},[20,132110,28613,132111,132113,132114,32],{},[15,132112,986],{}," is a ",[666,132115,132116],{},"zero-based index",[20,132118,2011],{},[194,132120,132121,132127,132132],{},[197,132122,132123,132124,132126],{},"Index ",[15,132125,516],{}," is the first character",[197,132128,132123,132129,132131],{},[15,132130,1223],{}," is the second character",[197,132133,132123,132134,132136],{},[15,132135,312],{}," is the third character",[20,132138,214],{},[40,132140,132142],{"className":42,"code":132141,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132143,132144,132156,132160,132184,132208],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132145,132146,132148,132150,132152,132154],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132147,56],{"class":55},[49,132149,60],{"class":59},[49,132151,64],{"class":63},[49,132153,36952],{"class":67},[49,132155,71],{"class":63},[49,132157,132158],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132159,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,132161,132162,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172,132174,132176,132178,132180,132182],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,132163,110],{"class":109},[49,132165,92],{"class":85},[49,132167,245],{"class":88},[49,132169,32],{"class":85},[49,132171,1100],{"class":88},[49,132173,92],{"class":85},[49,132175,95],{"class":63},[49,132177,9646],{"class":67},[49,132179,95],{"class":63},[49,132181,261],{"class":85},[49,132183,898],{"class":121},[49,132185,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,132187,110],{"class":109},[49,132189,92],{"class":85},[49,132191,245],{"class":88},[49,132193,32],{"class":85},[49,132195,1100],{"class":88},[49,132197,92],{"class":85},[49,132199,95],{"class":63},[49,132201,820],{"class":67},[49,132203,95],{"class":63},[49,132205,261],{"class":85},[49,132207,27685],{"class":121},[49,132209,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,132211,110],{"class":109},[49,132213,92],{"class":85},[49,132215,245],{"class":88},[49,132217,32],{"class":85},[49,132219,1100],{"class":88},[49,132221,92],{"class":85},[49,132223,95],{"class":63},[49,132225,63177],{"class":67},[49,132227,95],{"class":63},[49,132229,261],{"class":85},[49,132231,51314],{"class":121},[20,132233,132234,132236,132237,132239],{},[15,132235,986],{}," returns only the ",[666,132238,29814],{}," matching position.",[40,132241,132243],{"className":42,"code":132242,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132244,132245,132257],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132246,132247,132249,132251,132253,132255],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132248,56],{"class":55},[49,132250,60],{"class":59},[49,132252,64],{"class":63},[49,132254,230],{"class":67},[49,132256,71],{"class":63},[49,132258,132259,132261,132263,132265,132267,132269,132271,132273,132275,132277,132279],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132260,110],{"class":109},[49,132262,92],{"class":85},[49,132264,245],{"class":88},[49,132266,32],{"class":85},[49,132268,1100],{"class":88},[49,132270,92],{"class":85},[49,132272,95],{"class":63},[49,132274,820],{"class":67},[49,132276,95],{"class":63},[49,132278,261],{"class":85},[49,132280,27685],{"class":121},[20,132282,20887,132283,132285],{},[15,132284,18006],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132287,132288,132289,32],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[820,132290,132291,1785],{"href":124663},[15,132292,58486],{},[181,132294,644,132295,380,132297],{"id":643},[15,132296,368],{},[15,132298,374],{},[20,132300,661,132301,380,132303,132305],{},[15,132302,368],{},[15,132304,374],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132307,132308],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132310,45939,132311,1197],{},[15,132312,368],{},[40,132314,132316],{"className":42,"code":132315,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132317,132318,132330,132334,132358,132386],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132319,132320,132322,132324,132326,132328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132321,56],{"class":55},[49,132323,60],{"class":59},[49,132325,64],{"class":63},[49,132327,230],{"class":67},[49,132329,71],{"class":63},[49,132331,132332],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132333,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,132335,132336,132338,132340,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350,132352,132354,132356],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,132337,110],{"class":109},[49,132339,92],{"class":85},[49,132341,245],{"class":88},[49,132343,32],{"class":85},[49,132345,1100],{"class":88},[49,132347,92],{"class":85},[49,132349,95],{"class":63},[49,132351,820],{"class":67},[49,132353,95],{"class":63},[49,132355,261],{"class":85},[49,132357,51020],{"class":121},[49,132359,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370,132372,132374,132376,132378,132380,132382,132384],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,132361,110],{"class":109},[49,132363,92],{"class":85},[49,132365,245],{"class":88},[49,132367,32],{"class":85},[49,132369,1100],{"class":88},[49,132371,92],{"class":85},[49,132373,95],{"class":63},[49,132375,820],{"class":67},[49,132377,95],{"class":63},[49,132379,341],{"class":85},[49,132381,2896],{"class":458},[49,132383,261],{"class":85},[49,132385,50869],{"class":121},[49,132387,132388,132390,132392,132394,132396,132398,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408,132410,132412],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,132389,110],{"class":109},[49,132391,92],{"class":85},[49,132393,245],{"class":88},[49,132395,32],{"class":85},[49,132397,1100],{"class":88},[49,132399,92],{"class":85},[49,132401,95],{"class":63},[49,132403,820],{"class":67},[49,132405,95],{"class":63},[49,132407,341],{"class":85},[49,132409,808],{"class":458},[49,132411,261],{"class":85},[49,132413,50654],{"class":121},[20,132415,19868],{},[194,132417,132418,132425,132431],{},[197,132419,132420,132421,65481,132423],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132422,18006],{},[15,132424,1223],{},[197,132426,132427,132428,132430],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132429,312],{}," skips that first match",[197,132432,132427,132433,132435,132436],{},[15,132434,2407],{}," finds the last ",[15,132437,18006],{},[20,132439,45939,132440,1197],{},[15,132441,374],{},[40,132443,132445],{"className":42,"code":132444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132446,132447,132459,132463],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132448,132449,132451,132453,132455,132457],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132450,56],{"class":55},[49,132452,60],{"class":59},[49,132454,64],{"class":63},[49,132456,230],{"class":67},[49,132458,71],{"class":63},[49,132460,132461],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132462,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,132464,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,132466,110],{"class":109},[49,132468,92],{"class":85},[49,132470,245],{"class":88},[49,132472,32],{"class":85},[49,132474,1100],{"class":88},[49,132476,92],{"class":85},[49,132478,95],{"class":63},[49,132480,75907],{"class":67},[49,132482,95],{"class":63},[49,132484,341],{"class":85},[49,132486,770],{"class":458},[49,132488,341],{"class":85},[49,132490,808],{"class":458},[49,132492,261],{"class":85},[49,132494,51314],{"class":121},[20,132496,132497],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132499,132500],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[181,132502,44112,132504,132506],{"id":132503},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132505,986],{}," causes an error",[20,132508,132509,132510,1007,132512,32],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132511,986],{},[15,132513,1010],{},[20,132515,214],{},[40,132517,132519],{"className":42,"code":132518,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132520,132521,132533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132522,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132524,56],{"class":55},[49,132526,60],{"class":59},[49,132528,64],{"class":63},[49,132530,917],{"class":67},[49,132532,71],{"class":63},[49,132534,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132536,110],{"class":109},[49,132538,92],{"class":85},[49,132540,245],{"class":88},[49,132542,32],{"class":85},[49,132544,1100],{"class":88},[49,132546,92],{"class":85},[49,132548,95],{"class":63},[49,132550,618],{"class":67},[49,132552,95],{"class":63},[49,132554,1581],{"class":85},[20,132556,1974],{},[40,132558,132560],{"className":42,"code":132559,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132561,132562],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132563,132564,132566,132568,132571,132573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132565,1010],{"class":2804},[49,132567,1197],{"class":85},[49,132569,132570],{"class":55}," substring ",[49,132572,4536],{"class":59},[49,132574,65714],{"class":55},[20,132576,53239,132577,126179,132582,132584],{},[820,132578,132579],{"href":1868},[15,132580,132581],{},"str.find()",[15,132583,31],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132586,132587,132588,380,132590,1197],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132589,29709],{},[15,132591,29740],{},[40,132593,132595],{"className":42,"code":132594,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132596,132597,132609,132613,132619,132642,132652,132660],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132598,132599,132601,132603,132605,132607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132600,56],{"class":55},[49,132602,60],{"class":59},[49,132604,64],{"class":63},[49,132606,917],{"class":67},[49,132608,71],{"class":63},[49,132610,132611],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132612,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,132614,132615,132617],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,132616,29709],{"class":1210},[49,132618,1226],{"class":85},[49,132620,132621,132624,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,132622,132623],{"class":55},"    position ",[49,132625,60],{"class":59},[49,132627,82],{"class":55},[49,132629,32],{"class":85},[49,132631,1100],{"class":88},[49,132633,92],{"class":85},[49,132635,95],{"class":63},[49,132637,618],{"class":67},[49,132639,95],{"class":63},[49,132641,103],{"class":85},[49,132643,132644,132646,132648,132650],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,132645,1273],{"class":109},[49,132647,92],{"class":85},[49,132649,115],{"class":88},[49,132651,103],{"class":85},[49,132653,132654,132656,132658],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,132655,29740],{"class":1210},[49,132657,41826],{"class":2804},[49,132659,1226],{"class":85},[49,132661,132662,132664,132666,132668,132671,132673],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,132663,1273],{"class":109},[49,132665,92],{"class":85},[49,132667,95],{"class":63},[49,132669,132670],{"class":67},"Substring not found",[49,132672,95],{"class":63},[49,132674,103],{"class":85},[20,132676,132677],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132679,41846,132680,32],{},[820,132681,1129,132683],{"href":132682},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132684,1132],{},[181,132686,132688,983,132690],{"id":132687},"index-vs-find",[15,132689,986],{},[15,132691,17],{},[20,132693,132694,380,132696,132698],{},[15,132695,986],{},[15,132697,17],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[353,132700,132701],{"id":1100},[15,132702,986],{},[194,132704,132705,132708],{},[197,132706,132707],{},"Returns the first match position",[197,132709,132710],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[40,132712,132714],{"className":42,"code":132713,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132715,132716,132728,132752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132717,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132719,56],{"class":55},[49,132721,60],{"class":59},[49,132723,64],{"class":63},[49,132725,917],{"class":67},[49,132727,71],{"class":63},[49,132729,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738,132740,132742,132744,132746,132748,132750],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132731,110],{"class":109},[49,132733,92],{"class":85},[49,132735,245],{"class":88},[49,132737,32],{"class":85},[49,132739,1100],{"class":88},[49,132741,92],{"class":85},[49,132743,95],{"class":63},[49,132745,60341],{"class":67},[49,132747,95],{"class":63},[49,132749,261],{"class":85},[49,132751,27685],{"class":121},[49,132753,132754],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,132755,132756],{"class":121},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[353,132758,132759],{"id":89},[15,132760,17],{},[194,132762,132763,132765],{},[197,132764,132707],{},[197,132766,205,132767,132769],{},[15,132768,31],{}," if nothing is found",[40,132771,132773],{"className":42,"code":132772,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132774,132775,132787,132811],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132776,132777,132779,132781,132783,132785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132778,56],{"class":55},[49,132780,60],{"class":59},[49,132782,64],{"class":63},[49,132784,917],{"class":67},[49,132786,71],{"class":63},[49,132788,132789,132791,132793,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132790,110],{"class":109},[49,132792,92],{"class":85},[49,132794,245],{"class":88},[49,132796,32],{"class":85},[49,132798,89],{"class":88},[49,132800,92],{"class":85},[49,132802,95],{"class":63},[49,132804,60341],{"class":67},[49,132806,95],{"class":63},[49,132808,261],{"class":85},[49,132810,27685],{"class":121},[49,132812,132813,132815,132817,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831,132833],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,132814,110],{"class":109},[49,132816,92],{"class":85},[49,132818,245],{"class":88},[49,132820,32],{"class":85},[49,132822,89],{"class":88},[49,132824,92],{"class":85},[49,132826,95],{"class":63},[49,132828,618],{"class":67},[49,132830,95],{"class":63},[49,132832,261],{"class":85},[49,132834,498],{"class":121},[20,132836,35,132837,132839],{},[15,132838,986],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132841,35,132842,132844],{},[15,132843,17],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132846,132847,132848,634,132853,32],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[820,132849,132850,132852],{"href":1868},[15,132851,132581],{}," method reference",[820,132854,1304],{"href":132855},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[181,132857,1308],{"id":1307},[20,132859,132860,132861,1197],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132862,986],{},[194,132864,132865,132868,132875,132880,132885],{},[197,132866,132867],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[197,132869,1318,132870,630,132872,132874],{},[15,132871,986],{},[15,132873,31],{}," when no match exists",[197,132876,644,132877,132879],{},[15,132878,986],{}," on a value that may not be present",[197,132881,132882,132883],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132884,1223],{},[197,132886,1347,132887,132889],{},[15,132888,986],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132891,62185],{},[40,132893,132895],{"className":42,"code":132894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132896,132897,132907,132921,132943,132965],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,132898,132899,132901,132903,132905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,132900,110],{"class":109},[49,132902,92],{"class":85},[49,132904,245],{"class":88},[49,132906,103],{"class":85},[49,132908,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,132910,110],{"class":109},[49,132912,92],{"class":85},[49,132914,1590],{"class":109},[49,132916,92],{"class":85},[49,132918,245],{"class":88},[49,132920,1581],{"class":85},[49,132922,132923,132925,132927,132929,132931,132933,132935,132937,132939,132941],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,132924,110],{"class":109},[49,132926,92],{"class":85},[49,132928,245],{"class":88},[49,132930,32],{"class":85},[49,132932,1100],{"class":88},[49,132934,92],{"class":85},[49,132936,95],{"class":63},[49,132938,338],{"class":67},[49,132940,95],{"class":63},[49,132942,1581],{"class":85},[49,132944,132945,132947,132949,132951,132953,132955,132957,132959,132961,132963],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,132946,110],{"class":109},[49,132948,92],{"class":85},[49,132950,245],{"class":88},[49,132952,32],{"class":85},[49,132954,89],{"class":88},[49,132956,92],{"class":85},[49,132958,95],{"class":63},[49,132960,338],{"class":67},[49,132962,95],{"class":63},[49,132964,1581],{"class":85},[49,132966,132967,132969,132971,132973,132975,132977,132979,132981,132983,132985,132987,132989,132991,132993],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,132968,110],{"class":109},[49,132970,92],{"class":85},[49,132972,245],{"class":88},[49,132974,32],{"class":85},[49,132976,1100],{"class":88},[49,132978,92],{"class":85},[49,132980,95],{"class":63},[49,132982,338],{"class":67},[49,132984,95],{"class":63},[49,132986,341],{"class":85},[49,132988,344],{"class":88},[49,132990,341],{"class":85},[49,132992,349],{"class":88},[49,132994,1581],{"class":85},[20,132996,132997],{},"Tips:",[194,132999,133000,133005,133010,133013],{},[197,133001,35,133002,133004],{},[15,133003,126135],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[197,133006,35,133007,133009],{},[15,133008,17],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[197,133011,133012],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[197,133014,133015,133016],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133017,516],{},[181,133019,1704],{"id":1703},[353,133021,1708,133023,12623],{"id":133022},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133024,986],{},[20,133026,133027],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[353,133029,133031],{"id":133030},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133033,76735,133034,32],{},[15,133035,1010],{},[353,133037,1740,133039,380,133041,2394],{"id":133038},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133040,986],{},[15,133042,17],{},[20,133044,133045,133047,133048,1000,133050,6537],{},[15,133046,986],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133049,17],{},[15,133051,31],{},[353,133053,5077,133055,133057],{"id":133054},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133056,986],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133059,133060],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[353,133062,133064,133065,1733],{"id":133063},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133066,986],{},[20,133068,1736],{},[181,133070,1775],{"id":1774},[194,133072,133073,133079,133083,133088,133094],{},[197,133074,133075],{},[820,133076,133077,1785],{"href":1868},[15,133078,132581],{},[197,133080,133081],{},[820,133082,1820],{"href":132855},[197,133084,133085],{},[820,133086,1825],{"href":133087},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[197,133089,133090],{},[820,133091,133092,1785],{"href":124663},[15,133093,58486],{},[197,133095,133096],{},[820,133097,30253,133098],{"href":132682},[15,133099,1132],{},[1834,133101,133102],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":133104},[133105,133106,133108,133109,133110,133111,133113,133118,133119,133130],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":131741,"depth":74,"text":133107},"What str.index() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":501,"depth":74,"text":502},{"id":643,"depth":74,"text":1846},{"id":132503,"depth":74,"text":133112},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132687,"depth":74,"text":133114,"children":133115},"index() vs find()",[133116,133117],{"id":1100,"depth":106,"text":986},{"id":89,"depth":106,"text":17},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":133120},[133121,133123,133124,133126,133128],{"id":133022,"depth":106,"text":133122},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133030,"depth":106,"text":133031},{"id":133038,"depth":106,"text":133125},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133054,"depth":106,"text":133127},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133063,"depth":106,"text":133129},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131650,"description":133131},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133138,"title":133139,"body":133140,"description":135915,"extension":1866,"meta":135916,"navigation":128,"path":135917,"seo":135918,"stem":135919,"__hash__":135920},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133141,"toc":135851},[133142,133148,133153,133156,133159,133170,133172,133241,133243,133257,133262,133267,133272,133274,133317,133319,133402,133404,133450,133456,133458,133460,133480,133482,133505,133507,133581,133583,133602,133607,133609,133613,133685,133687,133701,133705,133781,133783,133802,133806,133900,133902,133911,133918,133994,133996,134014,134018,134021,134028,134077,134079,134088,134095,134154,134156,134174,134177,134184,134243,134245,134263,134270,134327,134329,134338,134342,134347,134351,134410,134412,134430,134434,134481,134486,134489,134558,134560,134577,134584,134590,134645,134650,134653,134730,134732,134750,134756,134762,134822,134824,134843,134849,134852,134859,134912,134917,134919,134980,134989,134996,134998,135055,135060,135062,135133,135137,135192,135194,135203,135208,135214,135283,135285,135317,135323,135331,135338,135344,135409,135411,135420,135426,135507,135509,135518,135523,135537,135544,135548,135553,135581,135583,135716,135719,135756,135758,135764,135773,135778,135781,135786,135791,135797,135800,135809,135812,135814,135843,135848],[10,133143,13,133145,18],{"id":133144},"python-string-join-method",[15,133146,133147],{},"join()",[20,133149,22,133150,133152],{},[15,133151,133147],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133154,133155],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133157,133158],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[194,133160,133161,133167],{},[197,133162,133163,133164,133166],{},"You call ",[15,133165,133147],{}," on the separator string",[197,133168,133169],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[181,133171,3515],{"id":3514},[40,133173,133175],{"className":42,"code":133174,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133176,133177,133210,133231],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133178,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203,133206,133208],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133180,3976],{"class":55},[49,133182,60],{"class":59},[49,133184,3530],{"class":85},[49,133186,95],{"class":63},[49,133188,7203],{"class":67},[49,133190,95],{"class":63},[49,133192,341],{"class":85},[49,133194,64],{"class":63},[49,133196,12101],{"class":67},[49,133198,95],{"class":63},[49,133200,341],{"class":85},[49,133202,64],{"class":63},[49,133204,133205],{"class":67},"fun",[49,133207,95],{"class":63},[49,133209,1244],{"class":85},[49,133211,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220,133222,133225,133227,133229],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,133213,2131],{"class":55},[49,133215,60],{"class":59},[49,133217,64],{"class":63},[49,133219,64],{"class":63},[49,133221,32],{"class":85},[49,133223,133224],{"class":88},"join",[49,133226,92],{"class":85},[49,133228,4019],{"class":88},[49,133230,103],{"class":85},[49,133232,133233,133235,133237,133239],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,133234,110],{"class":109},[49,133236,92],{"class":85},[49,133238,2166],{"class":88},[49,133240,103],{"class":85},[20,133242,1974],{},[40,133244,133246],{"className":42,"code":133245,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python is fun\n",[15,133247,133248],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133249,133250,133252,133254],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133251,3482],{"class":55},[49,133253,12101],{"class":59},[49,133255,133256],{"class":55}," fun\n",[20,133258,35,133259,133261],{},[15,133260,133147],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[181,133263,184,133265,187],{"id":133264},"what-join-does",[15,133266,133147],{},[20,133268,133269,133271],{},[15,133270,133147],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133273,11364],{},[194,133275,133276,133283,133311,133314],{},[197,133277,133278,133279,133282],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133280,133281],{},".join()"," as the separator",[197,133284,133285,133286],{},"Common separators are:\n",[194,133287,133288,133294,133300,133306],{},[197,133289,133290,133293],{},[15,133291,133292],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[197,133295,133296,133299],{},[15,133297,133298],{},"\", \""," for commas",[197,133301,133302,133305],{},[15,133303,133304],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[197,133307,133308,133310],{},[15,133309,6179],{}," for no separator",[197,133312,133313],{},"It returns a new string",[197,133315,133316],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133318,214],{},[40,133320,133322],{"className":42,"code":133321,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133323,133324,133356,133378,133382,133392],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133325,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352,133354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133327,3976],{"class":55},[49,133329,60],{"class":59},[49,133331,3530],{"class":85},[49,133333,95],{"class":63},[49,133335,13001],{"class":67},[49,133337,95],{"class":63},[49,133339,341],{"class":85},[49,133341,64],{"class":63},[49,133343,17365],{"class":67},[49,133345,95],{"class":63},[49,133347,341],{"class":85},[49,133349,64],{"class":63},[49,133351,13018],{"class":67},[49,133353,95],{"class":63},[49,133355,1244],{"class":85},[49,133357,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,133359,2131],{"class":55},[49,133361,60],{"class":59},[49,133363,64],{"class":63},[49,133365,2091],{"class":67},[49,133367,95],{"class":63},[49,133369,32],{"class":85},[49,133371,133224],{"class":88},[49,133373,92],{"class":85},[49,133375,4019],{"class":88},[49,133377,103],{"class":85},[49,133379,133380],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,133381,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,133383,133384,133386,133388,133390],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,133385,110],{"class":109},[49,133387,92],{"class":85},[49,133389,2166],{"class":88},[49,133391,103],{"class":85},[49,133393,133394,133396,133398,133400],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,133395,110],{"class":109},[49,133397,92],{"class":85},[49,133399,4019],{"class":88},[49,133401,103],{"class":85},[20,133403,1974],{},[40,133405,133407],{"className":42,"code":133406,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133408,133409,133422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133410,133411,133413,133415,133418,133420],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133412,13001],{"class":55},[49,133414,341],{"class":85},[49,133416,133417],{"class":55}," green",[49,133419,341],{"class":85},[49,133421,35786],{"class":55},[49,133423,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133438,133440,133442,133444,133446,133448],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,133425,1256],{"class":85},[49,133427,1573],{"class":63},[49,133429,13001],{"class":67},[49,133431,1573],{"class":63},[49,133433,341],{"class":85},[49,133435,3202],{"class":63},[49,133437,17365],{"class":67},[49,133439,1573],{"class":63},[49,133441,341],{"class":85},[49,133443,3202],{"class":63},[49,133445,13018],{"class":67},[49,133447,1573],{"class":63},[49,133449,1244],{"class":85},[20,133451,133452,133453,133455],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133454,133147],{}," creates a new string.",[181,133457,316],{"id":315},[20,133459,7124],{},[40,133461,133463],{"className":42,"code":133462,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133464,133465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133466,133467,133470,133472,133474,133476,133478],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133468,133469],{"class":55},"separator",[49,133471,32],{"class":85},[49,133473,133224],{"class":88},[49,133475,92],{"class":85},[49,133477,3626],{"class":88},[49,133479,103],{"class":85},[353,133481,48910],{"id":48909},[194,133483,133484,133497,133502],{},[197,133485,133486,133488,133489,2091,133491,2091,133493,2095,133495],{},[15,133487,133469],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133490,133292],{},[15,133492,133298],{},[15,133494,133304],{},[15,133496,6179],{},[197,133498,133499,133501],{},[15,133500,3626],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[197,133503,133504],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133506,214],{},[40,133508,133510],{"className":42,"code":133509,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133511,133512,133544,133567,133571],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133513,133514,133516,133518,133520,133522,133524,133526,133528,133530,133532,133534,133536,133538,133540,133542],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133515,4902],{"class":55},[49,133517,60],{"class":59},[49,133519,3530],{"class":85},[49,133521,95],{"class":63},[49,133523,12788],{"class":67},[49,133525,95],{"class":63},[49,133527,341],{"class":85},[49,133529,64],{"class":63},[49,133531,35846],{"class":67},[49,133533,95],{"class":63},[49,133535,341],{"class":85},[49,133537,64],{"class":63},[49,133539,35855],{"class":67},[49,133541,95],{"class":63},[49,133543,1244],{"class":85},[49,133545,133546,133548,133550,133552,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,133547,2131],{"class":55},[49,133549,60],{"class":59},[49,133551,64],{"class":63},[49,133553,133554],{"class":67}," | ",[49,133556,95],{"class":63},[49,133558,32],{"class":85},[49,133560,133224],{"class":88},[49,133562,92],{"class":85},[49,133564,4946],{"class":88},[49,133566,103],{"class":85},[49,133568,133569],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,133570,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,133572,133573,133575,133577,133579],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,133574,110],{"class":109},[49,133576,92],{"class":85},[49,133578,2166],{"class":88},[49,133580,103],{"class":85},[20,133582,1974],{},[40,133584,133586],{"className":42,"code":133585,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133587,133588],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133589,133590,133593,133595,133598,133600],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133591,133592],{"class":55},"Ana ",[49,133594,113735],{"class":59},[49,133596,133597],{"class":55}," Ben ",[49,133599,113735],{"class":59},[49,133601,35927],{"class":55},[20,133603,133604,133605,32],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[820,133606,124968],{"href":50875},[181,133608,121759],{"id":121758},[353,133610,133612],{"id":133611},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[40,133614,133616],{"className":42,"code":133615,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133617,133618,133651,133671,133675],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133619,133620,133622,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133647,133649],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133621,3976],{"class":55},[49,133623,60],{"class":59},[49,133625,3530],{"class":85},[49,133627,95],{"class":63},[49,133629,7203],{"class":67},[49,133631,95],{"class":63},[49,133633,341],{"class":85},[49,133635,64],{"class":63},[49,133637,12101],{"class":67},[49,133639,95],{"class":63},[49,133641,341],{"class":85},[49,133643,64],{"class":63},[49,133645,133646],{"class":67},"easy",[49,133648,95],{"class":63},[49,133650,1244],{"class":85},[49,133652,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661,133663,133665,133667,133669],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,133654,2131],{"class":55},[49,133656,60],{"class":59},[49,133658,64],{"class":63},[49,133660,64],{"class":63},[49,133662,32],{"class":85},[49,133664,133224],{"class":88},[49,133666,92],{"class":85},[49,133668,4019],{"class":88},[49,133670,103],{"class":85},[49,133672,133673],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,133674,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,133676,133677,133679,133681,133683],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,133678,110],{"class":109},[49,133680,92],{"class":85},[49,133682,2166],{"class":88},[49,133684,103],{"class":85},[20,133686,1974],{},[40,133688,133690],{"className":42,"code":133689,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python is easy\n",[15,133691,133692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133693,133694,133696,133698],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133695,3482],{"class":55},[49,133697,12101],{"class":59},[49,133699,133700],{"class":55}," easy\n",[353,133702,133704],{"id":133703},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[40,133706,133708],{"className":42,"code":133707,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133709,133710,133745,133767,133771],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133711,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133723,133725,133727,133729,133732,133734,133736,133738,133741,133743],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133713,7687],{"class":55},[49,133715,60],{"class":59},[49,133717,3530],{"class":85},[49,133719,95],{"class":63},[49,133721,133722],{"class":67},"apples",[49,133724,95],{"class":63},[49,133726,341],{"class":85},[49,133728,64],{"class":63},[49,133730,133731],{"class":67},"bananas",[49,133733,95],{"class":63},[49,133735,341],{"class":85},[49,133737,64],{"class":63},[49,133739,133740],{"class":67},"oranges",[49,133742,95],{"class":63},[49,133744,1244],{"class":85},[49,133746,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,133748,2131],{"class":55},[49,133750,60],{"class":59},[49,133752,64],{"class":63},[49,133754,2091],{"class":67},[49,133756,95],{"class":63},[49,133758,32],{"class":85},[49,133760,133224],{"class":88},[49,133762,92],{"class":85},[49,133764,7718],{"class":88},[49,133766,103],{"class":85},[49,133768,133769],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,133770,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,133772,133773,133775,133777,133779],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,133774,110],{"class":109},[49,133776,92],{"class":85},[49,133778,2166],{"class":88},[49,133780,103],{"class":85},[20,133782,1974],{},[40,133784,133786],{"className":42,"code":133785,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133787,133788],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133789,133790,133792,133794,133797,133799],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133791,133722],{"class":55},[49,133793,341],{"class":85},[49,133795,133796],{"class":55}," bananas",[49,133798,341],{"class":85},[49,133800,133801],{"class":55}," oranges\n",[353,133803,133805],{"id":133804},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[40,133807,133809],{"className":42,"code":133808,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133810,133811,133868,133886,133890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133812,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854,133856,133858,133860,133862,133864,133866],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133814,35994],{"class":55},[49,133816,60],{"class":59},[49,133818,3530],{"class":85},[49,133820,95],{"class":63},[49,133822,133823],{"class":67},"P",[49,133825,95],{"class":63},[49,133827,341],{"class":85},[49,133829,64],{"class":63},[49,133831,11652],{"class":67},[49,133833,95],{"class":63},[49,133835,341],{"class":85},[49,133837,64],{"class":63},[49,133839,63177],{"class":67},[49,133841,95],{"class":63},[49,133843,341],{"class":85},[49,133845,64],{"class":63},[49,133847,1391],{"class":67},[49,133849,95],{"class":63},[49,133851,341],{"class":85},[49,133853,64],{"class":63},[49,133855,426],{"class":67},[49,133857,95],{"class":63},[49,133859,341],{"class":85},[49,133861,64],{"class":63},[49,133863,75907],{"class":67},[49,133865,95],{"class":63},[49,133867,1244],{"class":85},[49,133869,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,133871,2131],{"class":55},[49,133873,60],{"class":59},[49,133875,6033],{"class":63},[49,133877,32],{"class":85},[49,133879,133224],{"class":88},[49,133881,92],{"class":85},[49,133883,36047],{"class":88},[49,133885,103],{"class":85},[49,133887,133888],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,133889,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,133891,133892,133894,133896,133898],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,133893,110],{"class":109},[49,133895,92],{"class":85},[49,133897,2166],{"class":88},[49,133899,103],{"class":85},[20,133901,1974],{},[40,133903,133905],{"className":42,"code":133904,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python\n",[15,133906,133907],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133908,133909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133910,133904],{"class":55},[353,133912,133914,133915,133917],{"id":133913},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133916,133147],{}," returns the result",[40,133919,133921],{"className":42,"code":133920,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133922,133923,133956,133979,133983],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,133924,133925,133927,133929,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133952,133954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,133926,3976],{"class":55},[49,133928,60],{"class":59},[49,133930,3530],{"class":85},[49,133932,95],{"class":63},[49,133934,6491],{"class":67},[49,133936,95],{"class":63},[49,133938,341],{"class":85},[49,133940,64],{"class":63},[49,133942,710],{"class":67},[49,133944,95],{"class":63},[49,133946,341],{"class":85},[49,133948,64],{"class":63},[49,133950,133951],{"class":67},"three",[49,133953,95],{"class":63},[49,133955,1244],{"class":85},[49,133957,133958,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971,133973,133975,133977],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,133959,133960],{"class":55},"joined_text ",[49,133962,60],{"class":59},[49,133964,64],{"class":63},[49,133966,1926],{"class":67},[49,133968,95],{"class":63},[49,133970,32],{"class":85},[49,133972,133224],{"class":88},[49,133974,92],{"class":85},[49,133976,4019],{"class":88},[49,133978,103],{"class":85},[49,133980,133981],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,133982,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,133984,133985,133987,133989,133992],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,133986,110],{"class":109},[49,133988,92],{"class":85},[49,133990,133991],{"class":88},"joined_text",[49,133993,103],{"class":85},[20,133995,1974],{},[40,133997,133999],{"className":42,"code":133998,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"one-two-three\n",[15,134000,134001],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134002,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134004,6491],{"class":55},[49,134006,1926],{"class":59},[49,134008,710],{"class":55},[49,134010,1926],{"class":59},[49,134012,134013],{"class":55},"three\n",[181,134015,134017],{"id":134016},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134019,134020],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[353,134022,134024,134027],{"id":134023},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134025,134026],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[40,134029,134031],{"className":42,"code":134030,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134032,134033,134057],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134034,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134036,3976],{"class":55},[49,134038,60],{"class":59},[49,134040,3530],{"class":85},[49,134042,95],{"class":63},[49,134044,917],{"class":67},[49,134046,95],{"class":63},[49,134048,341],{"class":85},[49,134050,64],{"class":63},[49,134052,98],{"class":67},[49,134054,95],{"class":63},[49,134056,1244],{"class":85},[49,134058,134059,134061,134063,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134060,110],{"class":109},[49,134062,92],{"class":85},[49,134064,95],{"class":63},[49,134066,64],{"class":63},[49,134068,32],{"class":85},[49,134070,133224],{"class":88},[49,134072,92],{"class":85},[49,134074,4019],{"class":88},[49,134076,1581],{"class":85},[20,134078,1974],{},[40,134080,134082],{"className":42,"code":134081,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello world\n",[15,134083,134084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134085,134086],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134087,134081],{"class":55},[353,134089,134091,134094],{"id":134090},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134092,134093],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[40,134096,134098],{"className":42,"code":134097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134099,134100,134132],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134101,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134122,134124,134126,134128,134130],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134103,12984],{"class":55},[49,134105,60],{"class":59},[49,134107,3530],{"class":85},[49,134109,95],{"class":63},[49,134111,13001],{"class":67},[49,134113,95],{"class":63},[49,134115,341],{"class":85},[49,134117,64],{"class":63},[49,134119,13018],{"class":67},[49,134121,95],{"class":63},[49,134123,341],{"class":85},[49,134125,64],{"class":63},[49,134127,17365],{"class":67},[49,134129,95],{"class":63},[49,134131,1244],{"class":85},[49,134133,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148,134150,134152],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134135,110],{"class":109},[49,134137,92],{"class":85},[49,134139,95],{"class":63},[49,134141,2091],{"class":67},[49,134143,95],{"class":63},[49,134145,32],{"class":85},[49,134147,133224],{"class":88},[49,134149,92],{"class":85},[49,134151,17412],{"class":88},[49,134153,1581],{"class":85},[20,134155,1974],{},[40,134157,134159],{"className":42,"code":134158,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134160,134161],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134162,134163,134165,134167,134170,134172],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134164,13001],{"class":55},[49,134166,341],{"class":85},[49,134168,134169],{"class":55}," blue",[49,134171,341],{"class":85},[49,134173,35779],{"class":55},[20,134175,134176],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[353,134178,134180,134183],{"id":134179},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134181,134182],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[40,134185,134187],{"className":42,"code":134186,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134188,134189,134221],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134190,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134192,42737],{"class":55},[49,134194,60],{"class":59},[49,134196,3530],{"class":85},[49,134198,95],{"class":63},[49,134200,44],{"class":67},[49,134202,95],{"class":63},[49,134204,341],{"class":85},[49,134206,64],{"class":63},[49,134208,329],{"class":67},[49,134210,95],{"class":63},[49,134212,341],{"class":85},[49,134214,64],{"class":63},[49,134216,133224],{"class":67},[49,134218,95],{"class":63},[49,134220,1244],{"class":85},[49,134222,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237,134239,134241],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134224,110],{"class":109},[49,134226,92],{"class":85},[49,134228,95],{"class":63},[49,134230,1926],{"class":67},[49,134232,95],{"class":63},[49,134234,32],{"class":85},[49,134236,133224],{"class":88},[49,134238,92],{"class":85},[49,134240,42768],{"class":88},[49,134242,1581],{"class":85},[20,134244,1974],{},[40,134246,134248],{"className":42,"code":134247,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"python-string-join\n",[15,134249,134250],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134251,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134253,44],{"class":55},[49,134255,1926],{"class":59},[49,134257,329],{"class":55},[49,134259,1926],{"class":59},[49,134261,134262],{"class":55},"join\n",[353,134264,134266,134269],{"id":134265},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134267,134268],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[40,134271,134273],{"className":42,"code":134272,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134274,134275,134308],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134276,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301,134304,134306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134278,112807],{"class":55},[49,134280,60],{"class":59},[49,134282,3530],{"class":85},[49,134284,95],{"class":63},[49,134286,22154],{"class":67},[49,134288,95],{"class":63},[49,134290,341],{"class":85},[49,134292,64],{"class":63},[49,134294,30506],{"class":67},[49,134296,95],{"class":63},[49,134298,341],{"class":85},[49,134300,64],{"class":63},[49,134302,134303],{"class":67},"C",[49,134305,95],{"class":63},[49,134307,1244],{"class":85},[49,134309,134310,134312,134314,134316,134318,134320,134322,134325],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134311,110],{"class":109},[49,134313,92],{"class":85},[49,134315,6179],{"class":63},[49,134317,32],{"class":85},[49,134319,133224],{"class":88},[49,134321,92],{"class":85},[49,134323,134324],{"class":88},"chars",[49,134326,1581],{"class":85},[20,134328,1974],{},[40,134330,134332],{"className":42,"code":134331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ABC\n",[15,134333,134334],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134335,134336],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134337,134331],{"class":34361},[181,134339,134341],{"id":134340},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134343,134344,134346],{},[15,134345,133147],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[353,134348,134350],{"id":134349},"this-works","This works",[40,134352,134354],{"className":42,"code":134353,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134355,134356,134388],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134357,134358,134360,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134359,3729],{"class":55},[49,134361,60],{"class":59},[49,134363,3530],{"class":85},[49,134365,95],{"class":63},[49,134367,2233],{"class":67},[49,134369,95],{"class":63},[49,134371,341],{"class":85},[49,134373,64],{"class":63},[49,134375,15665],{"class":67},[49,134377,95],{"class":63},[49,134379,341],{"class":85},[49,134381,64],{"class":63},[49,134383,36746],{"class":67},[49,134385,95],{"class":63},[49,134387,1244],{"class":85},[49,134389,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134391,110],{"class":109},[49,134393,92],{"class":85},[49,134395,95],{"class":63},[49,134397,2091],{"class":67},[49,134399,95],{"class":63},[49,134401,32],{"class":85},[49,134403,133224],{"class":88},[49,134405,92],{"class":85},[49,134407,5266],{"class":88},[49,134409,1581],{"class":85},[20,134411,1974],{},[40,134413,134415],{"className":42,"code":134414,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134416,134417],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134418,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134420,2233],{"class":458},[49,134422,341],{"class":85},[49,134424,7698],{"class":458},[49,134426,341],{"class":85},[49,134428,134429],{"class":458}," 30\n",[353,134431,134433],{"id":134432},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[40,134435,134437],{"className":42,"code":134436,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134438,134439,134459],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134440,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449,134451,134453,134455,134457],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134442,3729],{"class":55},[49,134444,60],{"class":59},[49,134446,3530],{"class":85},[49,134448,1223],{"class":458},[49,134450,341],{"class":85},[49,134452,2896],{"class":458},[49,134454,341],{"class":85},[49,134456,2354],{"class":458},[49,134458,1244],{"class":85},[49,134460,134461,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134462,110],{"class":109},[49,134464,92],{"class":85},[49,134466,95],{"class":63},[49,134468,2091],{"class":67},[49,134470,95],{"class":63},[49,134472,32],{"class":85},[49,134474,133224],{"class":88},[49,134476,92],{"class":85},[49,134478,5266],{"class":88},[49,134480,1581],{"class":85},[20,134482,90186,134483,134485],{},[15,134484,2909],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134487,134488],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[40,134490,134492],{"className":42,"code":134491,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134493,134494,134514,134544,134548],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134495,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134497,3729],{"class":55},[49,134499,60],{"class":59},[49,134501,3530],{"class":85},[49,134503,1223],{"class":458},[49,134505,341],{"class":85},[49,134507,2896],{"class":458},[49,134509,341],{"class":85},[49,134511,2354],{"class":458},[49,134513,1244],{"class":85},[49,134515,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524,134526,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134517,2131],{"class":55},[49,134519,60],{"class":59},[49,134521,64],{"class":63},[49,134523,2091],{"class":67},[49,134525,95],{"class":63},[49,134527,32],{"class":85},[49,134529,133224],{"class":88},[49,134531,92],{"class":85},[49,134533,39762],{"class":109},[49,134535,92],{"class":85},[49,134537,3349],{"class":2804},[49,134539,341],{"class":85},[49,134541,3791],{"class":88},[49,134543,1581],{"class":85},[49,134545,134546],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,134547,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,134549,134550,134552,134554,134556],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,134551,110],{"class":109},[49,134553,92],{"class":85},[49,134555,2166],{"class":88},[49,134557,103],{"class":85},[20,134559,1974],{},[40,134561,134563],{"className":42,"code":134562,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134564,134565],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134566,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134568,1223],{"class":458},[49,134570,341],{"class":85},[49,134572,2896],{"class":458},[49,134574,341],{"class":85},[49,134576,2480],{"class":458},[20,134578,134579,134580,32],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[820,134581,3482,134582,3415],{"href":42075},[15,134583,47583],{},[353,134585,134587,134589],{"id":134586},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134588,3684],{}," values do not work directly",[40,134591,134593],{"className":42,"code":134592,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134594,134595,134623],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134596,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134598,3729],{"class":55},[49,134600,60],{"class":59},[49,134602,3530],{"class":85},[49,134604,95],{"class":63},[49,134606,3985],{"class":67},[49,134608,95],{"class":63},[49,134610,341],{"class":85},[49,134612,3758],{"class":3757},[49,134614,341],{"class":85},[49,134616,64],{"class":63},[49,134618,230],{"class":67},[49,134620,95],{"class":63},[49,134622,1244],{"class":85},[49,134624,134625,134627,134629,134631,134633,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134626,110],{"class":109},[49,134628,92],{"class":85},[49,134630,95],{"class":63},[49,134632,2091],{"class":67},[49,134634,95],{"class":63},[49,134636,32],{"class":85},[49,134638,133224],{"class":88},[49,134640,92],{"class":85},[49,134642,5266],{"class":88},[49,134644,1581],{"class":85},[20,134646,134647,134648,32],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134649,2909],{},[20,134651,134652],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[40,134654,134656],{"className":42,"code":134655,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134657,134658,134686,134716,134720],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134659,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134676,134678,134680,134682,134684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134661,3729],{"class":55},[49,134663,60],{"class":59},[49,134665,3530],{"class":85},[49,134667,95],{"class":63},[49,134669,3985],{"class":67},[49,134671,95],{"class":63},[49,134673,341],{"class":85},[49,134675,3758],{"class":3757},[49,134677,341],{"class":85},[49,134679,64],{"class":63},[49,134681,230],{"class":67},[49,134683,95],{"class":63},[49,134685,1244],{"class":85},[49,134687,134688,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134689,2131],{"class":55},[49,134691,60],{"class":59},[49,134693,64],{"class":63},[49,134695,2091],{"class":67},[49,134697,95],{"class":63},[49,134699,32],{"class":85},[49,134701,133224],{"class":88},[49,134703,92],{"class":85},[49,134705,39762],{"class":109},[49,134707,92],{"class":85},[49,134709,3349],{"class":2804},[49,134711,341],{"class":85},[49,134713,3791],{"class":88},[49,134715,1581],{"class":85},[49,134717,134718],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,134719,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,134721,134722,134724,134726,134728],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,134723,110],{"class":109},[49,134725,92],{"class":85},[49,134727,2166],{"class":88},[49,134729,103],{"class":85},[20,134731,1974],{},[40,134733,134735],{"className":42,"code":134734,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134736,134737],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134738,134739,134741,134743,134745,134747],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134740,3985],{"class":55},[49,134742,341],{"class":85},[49,134744,3758],{"class":3757},[49,134746,341],{"class":85},[49,134748,134749],{"class":55}," banana\n",[20,134751,134752,134753,134755],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134754,3684],{}," values instead of converting them.",[353,134757,134759,134761],{"id":134758},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134760,133147],{}," also works with tuples",[40,134763,134765],{"className":42,"code":134764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134766,134767,134799],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134768,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134770,4902],{"class":55},[49,134772,60],{"class":59},[49,134774,9142],{"class":85},[49,134776,95],{"class":63},[49,134778,7584],{"class":67},[49,134780,95],{"class":63},[49,134782,341],{"class":85},[49,134784,64],{"class":63},[49,134786,131153],{"class":67},[49,134788,95],{"class":63},[49,134790,341],{"class":85},[49,134792,64],{"class":63},[49,134794,7830],{"class":67},[49,134796,95],{"class":63},[49,134798,103],{"class":85},[49,134800,134801,134803,134805,134807,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134802,110],{"class":109},[49,134804,92],{"class":85},[49,134806,95],{"class":63},[49,134808,134809],{"class":67}," \u002F ",[49,134811,95],{"class":63},[49,134813,32],{"class":85},[49,134815,133224],{"class":88},[49,134817,92],{"class":85},[49,134819,4946],{"class":88},[49,134821,1581],{"class":85},[20,134823,1974],{},[40,134825,134827],{"className":42,"code":134826,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134828,134829],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134830,134831,134834,134836,134839,134841],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134832,134833],{"class":55},"Sam ",[49,134835,127101],{"class":59},[49,134837,134838],{"class":55}," Lee ",[49,134840,127101],{"class":59},[49,134842,22243],{"class":55},[181,134844,134846,134847],{"id":134845},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134848,133147],{},[20,134850,134851],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[353,134853,134855,134856,134858],{"id":134854},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134857,2909],{}," because not all items are strings",[40,134860,134862],{"className":42,"code":134861,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134863,134864,134892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134865,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134867,7687],{"class":55},[49,134869,60],{"class":59},[49,134871,3530],{"class":85},[49,134873,95],{"class":63},[49,134875,820],{"class":67},[49,134877,95],{"class":63},[49,134879,341],{"class":85},[49,134881,2896],{"class":458},[49,134883,341],{"class":85},[49,134885,64],{"class":63},[49,134887,9646],{"class":67},[49,134889,95],{"class":63},[49,134891,1244],{"class":85},[49,134893,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134895,110],{"class":109},[49,134897,92],{"class":85},[49,134899,95],{"class":63},[49,134901,64],{"class":63},[49,134903,32],{"class":85},[49,134905,133224],{"class":88},[49,134907,92],{"class":85},[49,134909,7718],{"class":88},[49,134911,1581],{"class":85},[20,134913,48410,134914,134916],{},[15,134915,312],{}," is an integer.",[20,134918,39164],{},[40,134920,134922],{"className":42,"code":134921,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134923,134924,134952],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,134925,134926,134928,134930,134932,134934,134936,134938,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,134927,7687],{"class":55},[49,134929,60],{"class":59},[49,134931,3530],{"class":85},[49,134933,95],{"class":63},[49,134935,820],{"class":67},[49,134937,95],{"class":63},[49,134939,341],{"class":85},[49,134941,2896],{"class":458},[49,134943,341],{"class":85},[49,134945,64],{"class":63},[49,134947,9646],{"class":67},[49,134949,95],{"class":63},[49,134951,1244],{"class":85},[49,134953,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974,134976,134978],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,134955,110],{"class":109},[49,134957,92],{"class":85},[49,134959,95],{"class":63},[49,134961,64],{"class":63},[49,134963,32],{"class":85},[49,134965,133224],{"class":88},[49,134967,92],{"class":85},[49,134969,39762],{"class":109},[49,134971,92],{"class":85},[49,134973,3349],{"class":2804},[49,134975,341],{"class":85},[49,134977,5873],{"class":88},[49,134979,2815],{"class":85},[20,134981,134982,134983,32],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[820,134984,1129,134986],{"href":134985},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134987,134988],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[353,134990,134992,134993,134995],{"id":134991},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134994,133147],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134997,4432],{},[40,134999,135001],{"className":42,"code":135000,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135002,135003,135035],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135004,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135006,3976],{"class":55},[49,135008,60],{"class":59},[49,135010,3530],{"class":85},[49,135012,95],{"class":63},[49,135014,7203],{"class":67},[49,135016,95],{"class":63},[49,135018,341],{"class":85},[49,135020,64],{"class":63},[49,135022,12101],{"class":67},[49,135024,95],{"class":63},[49,135026,341],{"class":85},[49,135028,64],{"class":63},[49,135030,133205],{"class":67},[49,135032,95],{"class":63},[49,135034,1244],{"class":85},[49,135036,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,135038,2131],{"class":55},[49,135040,60],{"class":59},[49,135042,6075],{"class":55},[49,135044,32],{"class":85},[49,135046,133224],{"class":88},[49,135048,92],{"class":85},[49,135050,95],{"class":63},[49,135052,64],{"class":63},[49,135054,103],{"class":85},[20,135056,135057,135059],{},[15,135058,133147],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135061,10714],{},[40,135063,135065],{"className":42,"code":135064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135066,135067,135099,135119,135123],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135068,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081,135083,135085,135087,135089,135091,135093,135095,135097],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135070,3976],{"class":55},[49,135072,60],{"class":59},[49,135074,3530],{"class":85},[49,135076,95],{"class":63},[49,135078,7203],{"class":67},[49,135080,95],{"class":63},[49,135082,341],{"class":85},[49,135084,64],{"class":63},[49,135086,12101],{"class":67},[49,135088,95],{"class":63},[49,135090,341],{"class":85},[49,135092,64],{"class":63},[49,135094,133205],{"class":67},[49,135096,95],{"class":63},[49,135098,1244],{"class":85},[49,135100,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,135102,2131],{"class":55},[49,135104,60],{"class":59},[49,135106,64],{"class":63},[49,135108,64],{"class":63},[49,135110,32],{"class":85},[49,135112,133224],{"class":88},[49,135114,92],{"class":85},[49,135116,4019],{"class":88},[49,135118,103],{"class":85},[49,135120,135121],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,135122,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,135124,135125,135127,135129,135131],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,135126,110],{"class":109},[49,135128,92],{"class":85},[49,135130,2166],{"class":88},[49,135132,103],{"class":85},[353,135134,135136],{"id":135135},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[40,135138,135140],{"className":42,"code":135139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135141,135142,135174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135143,135144,135146,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135145,3976],{"class":55},[49,135147,60],{"class":59},[49,135149,3530],{"class":85},[49,135151,95],{"class":63},[49,135153,6491],{"class":67},[49,135155,95],{"class":63},[49,135157,341],{"class":85},[49,135159,64],{"class":63},[49,135161,710],{"class":67},[49,135163,95],{"class":63},[49,135165,341],{"class":85},[49,135167,64],{"class":63},[49,135169,133951],{"class":67},[49,135171,95],{"class":63},[49,135173,1244],{"class":85},[49,135175,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,135177,110],{"class":109},[49,135179,92],{"class":85},[49,135181,6179],{"class":63},[49,135183,32],{"class":85},[49,135185,133224],{"class":88},[49,135187,92],{"class":85},[49,135189,4019],{"class":88},[49,135191,1581],{"class":85},[20,135193,1974],{},[40,135195,135197],{"className":42,"code":135196,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"onetwothree\n",[15,135198,135199],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135200,135201],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135202,135196],{"class":55},[20,135204,135205,135206,6537],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135207,133292],{},[353,135209,135211,135212,131415],{"id":135210},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135213,133147],{},[40,135215,135217],{"className":42,"code":135216,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135218,135219,135251,135269,135273],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135220,135221,135223,135225,135227,135229,135231,135233,135235,135237,135239,135241,135243,135245,135247,135249],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135222,3976],{"class":55},[49,135224,60],{"class":59},[49,135226,3530],{"class":85},[49,135228,95],{"class":63},[49,135230,820],{"class":67},[49,135232,95],{"class":63},[49,135234,341],{"class":85},[49,135236,64],{"class":63},[49,135238,4667],{"class":67},[49,135240,95],{"class":63},[49,135242,341],{"class":85},[49,135244,64],{"class":63},[49,135246,9646],{"class":67},[49,135248,95],{"class":63},[49,135250,1244],{"class":85},[49,135252,135253,135255,135257,135259,135261,135263,135265,135267],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,135254,95],{"class":43228},[49,135256,1926],{"class":43232},[49,135258,95],{"class":43228},[49,135260,32],{"class":85},[49,135262,133224],{"class":88},[49,135264,92],{"class":85},[49,135266,4019],{"class":88},[49,135268,103],{"class":85},[49,135270,135271],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,135272,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,135274,135275,135277,135279,135281],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,135276,110],{"class":109},[49,135278,92],{"class":85},[49,135280,4019],{"class":88},[49,135282,103],{"class":85},[20,135284,1974],{},[40,135286,135287],{"className":42,"code":42775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,135288,135289],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135290,135291,135293,135295,135297,135299,135301,135303,135305,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135292,1256],{"class":85},[49,135294,1573],{"class":63},[49,135296,820],{"class":67},[49,135298,1573],{"class":63},[49,135300,341],{"class":85},[49,135302,3202],{"class":63},[49,135304,4667],{"class":67},[49,135306,1573],{"class":63},[49,135308,341],{"class":85},[49,135310,3202],{"class":63},[49,135312,9646],{"class":67},[49,135314,1573],{"class":63},[49,135316,1244],{"class":85},[20,135318,135319,135320,135322],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135321,133147],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[181,135324,135326,135328,135329],{"id":135325},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135327,133147],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135330,1261],{},[20,135332,10497,135333,380,135335,135337],{},[15,135334,133147],{},[15,135336,1261],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[353,135339,35,135341,135343],{"id":135340},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135342,1261],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[40,135345,135347],{"className":42,"code":135346,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135348,135349,135362,135375,135395,135399],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135350,135351,135354,135356,135358,135360],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135352,135353],{"class":55},"first ",[49,135355,60],{"class":59},[49,135357,64],{"class":63},[49,135359,891],{"class":67},[49,135361,71],{"class":63},[49,135363,135364,135367,135369,135371,135373],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,135365,135366],{"class":55},"second ",[49,135368,60],{"class":59},[49,135370,64],{"class":63},[49,135372,89616],{"class":67},[49,135374,71],{"class":63},[49,135376,135377,135379,135381,135384,135386,135388,135390,135392],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,135378,2131],{"class":55},[49,135380,60],{"class":59},[49,135382,135383],{"class":55}," first ",[49,135385,1261],{"class":59},[49,135387,64],{"class":63},[49,135389,64],{"class":63},[49,135391,2357],{"class":59},[49,135393,135394],{"class":55}," second\n",[49,135396,135397],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,135398,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,135400,135401,135403,135405,135407],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,135402,110],{"class":109},[49,135404,92],{"class":85},[49,135406,2166],{"class":88},[49,135408,103],{"class":85},[20,135410,1974],{},[40,135412,135414],{"className":42,"code":135413,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Hello World\n",[15,135415,135416],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135417,135418],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135419,135413],{"class":55},[353,135421,35,135423,135425],{"id":135422},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135424,133147],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[40,135427,135429],{"className":42,"code":135428,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135430,135431,135473,135493,135497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135432,135433,135435,135437,135439,135441,135443,135445,135447,135449,135452,135454,135456,135458,135461,135463,135465,135467,135469,135471],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135434,3976],{"class":55},[49,135436,60],{"class":59},[49,135438,3530],{"class":85},[49,135440,95],{"class":63},[49,135442,7203],{"class":67},[49,135444,95],{"class":63},[49,135446,341],{"class":85},[49,135448,64],{"class":63},[49,135450,135451],{"class":67},"makes",[49,135453,95],{"class":63},[49,135455,341],{"class":85},[49,135457,64],{"class":63},[49,135459,135460],{"class":67},"this",[49,135462,95],{"class":63},[49,135464,341],{"class":85},[49,135466,64],{"class":63},[49,135468,133646],{"class":67},[49,135470,95],{"class":63},[49,135472,1244],{"class":85},[49,135474,135475,135477,135479,135481,135483,135485,135487,135489,135491],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,135476,2131],{"class":55},[49,135478,60],{"class":59},[49,135480,64],{"class":63},[49,135482,64],{"class":63},[49,135484,32],{"class":85},[49,135486,133224],{"class":88},[49,135488,92],{"class":85},[49,135490,4019],{"class":88},[49,135492,103],{"class":85},[49,135494,135495],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,135496,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,135498,135499,135501,135503,135505],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,135500,110],{"class":109},[49,135502,92],{"class":85},[49,135504,2166],{"class":88},[49,135506,103],{"class":85},[20,135508,1974],{},[40,135510,135512],{"className":42,"code":135511,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135513,135514],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135515,135516],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135517,135511],{"class":55},[20,135519,135520,135522],{},[15,135521,133147],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[194,135524,135525,135528,135531],{},[197,135526,135527],{},"You already have a list of strings",[197,135529,135530],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[197,135532,135533,135534,135536],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135535,1261],{}," operators",[20,135538,135539,135540,32],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[820,135541,135543],{"href":135542},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[181,135545,135547],{"id":135546},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135549,8780,135550,135552],{},[15,135551,133147],{}," is not working, check these first:",[194,135554,135555,135558,135563,135572,135578],{},[197,135556,135557],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[197,135559,135560,135561],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135562,3684],{},[197,135564,135565,135566,10999,135569],{},"You may have written ",[15,135567,135568],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135570,135571],{},"string.join(...)",[197,135573,135574,135575,135577],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135576,133147],{}," to change the original iterable",[197,135579,135580],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135582,94254],{},[40,135584,135586],{"className":42,"code":135585,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135587,135588,135602,135612,135636,135676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135589,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135591,110],{"class":109},[49,135593,92],{"class":85},[49,135595,3127],{"class":2804},[49,135597,92],{"class":85},[49,135599,7718],{"class":88},[49,135601,1581],{"class":85},[49,135603,135604,135606,135608,135610],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,135605,110],{"class":109},[49,135607,92],{"class":85},[49,135609,7718],{"class":88},[49,135611,103],{"class":85},[49,135613,135614,135616,135618,135620,135622,135624,135626,135628,135630,135632,135634],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,135615,110],{"class":109},[49,135617,2889],{"class":85},[49,135619,3127],{"class":2804},[49,135621,92],{"class":85},[49,135623,23220],{"class":88},[49,135625,118],{"class":85},[49,135627,3782],{"class":1210},[49,135629,5868],{"class":88},[49,135631,3788],{"class":1210},[49,135633,5873],{"class":88},[49,135635,3794],{"class":85},[49,135637,135638,135640,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666,135668,135670,135672,135674],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,135639,110],{"class":109},[49,135641,92],{"class":85},[49,135643,1573],{"class":63},[49,135645,3202],{"class":63},[49,135647,32],{"class":85},[49,135649,133224],{"class":88},[49,135651,2889],{"class":85},[49,135653,1573],{"class":63},[49,135655,820],{"class":67},[49,135657,1573],{"class":63},[49,135659,341],{"class":85},[49,135661,3202],{"class":63},[49,135663,4667],{"class":67},[49,135665,1573],{"class":63},[49,135667,341],{"class":85},[49,135669,3202],{"class":63},[49,135671,9646],{"class":67},[49,135673,1573],{"class":63},[49,135675,2903],{"class":85},[49,135677,135678,135680,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690,135692,135694,135696,135698,135700,135702,135704,135706,135708,135710,135712,135714],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,135679,110],{"class":109},[49,135681,92],{"class":85},[49,135683,1573],{"class":63},[49,135685,2091],{"class":67},[49,135687,1573],{"class":63},[49,135689,32],{"class":85},[49,135691,133224],{"class":88},[49,135693,92],{"class":85},[49,135695,39762],{"class":109},[49,135697,92],{"class":85},[49,135699,3349],{"class":2804},[49,135701,341],{"class":85},[49,135703,3530],{"class":85},[49,135705,1223],{"class":458},[49,135707,341],{"class":85},[49,135709,2896],{"class":458},[49,135711,341],{"class":85},[49,135713,2354],{"class":458},[49,135715,37169],{"class":85},[20,135717,135718],{},"What these checks do:",[194,135720,135721,135729,135735,135741,135750],{},[197,135722,135723,135726,135727,8005],{},[15,135724,135725],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135728,7718],{},[197,135730,135731,135734],{},[15,135732,135733],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[197,135736,135737,135740],{},[15,135738,135739],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[197,135742,135743,135746,135747,135749],{},[15,135744,135745],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135748,133147],{}," behavior",[197,135751,135752,135755],{},[15,135753,135754],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[181,135757,1704],{"id":1703},[353,135759,1720,135761,135763],{"id":135760},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135762,133147],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135765,135766,135767,135769,135770,32],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135768,133147],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135771,135772],{},"map(str, values)",[353,135774,1720,135776,57061],{"id":135775},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135777,133147],{},[20,135779,135780],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[353,135782,1760,135784,62525],{"id":135783},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135785,133147],{},[20,135787,42052,135788,135790],{},[15,135789,133147],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[353,135792,5050,135794,39863],{"id":135793},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135795,135796],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135798,135799],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[353,135801,135803,135804,135806,135807,2394],{"id":135802},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135805,2909],{}," when using ",[15,135808,133147],{},[20,135810,135811],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[181,135813,1775],{"id":1774},[194,135815,135816,135821,135827,135833,135839],{},[197,135817,135818],{},[820,135819,135820],{"href":135542},"How to join strings in Python",[197,135822,135823],{},[820,135824,1782,135825,1785],{"href":827},[15,135826,830],{},[197,135828,135829],{},[820,135830,3482,135831,3415],{"href":42075},[15,135832,47583],{},[197,135834,135835],{},[820,135836,30253,135837],{"href":134985},[15,135838,134988],{},[197,135840,135841],{},[820,135842,124968],{"href":50875},[20,135844,97224,135845,135847],{},[15,135846,133147],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1834,135849,135850],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":135852},[135853,135854,135856,135859,135866,135876,135884,135894,135901,135902,135914],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":133264,"depth":74,"text":135855},"What join() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":135857},[135858],{"id":48909,"depth":106,"text":48910},{"id":121758,"depth":74,"text":121759,"children":135860},[135861,135862,135863,135864],{"id":133611,"depth":106,"text":133612},{"id":133703,"depth":106,"text":133704},{"id":133804,"depth":106,"text":133805},{"id":133913,"depth":106,"text":135865},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134016,"depth":74,"text":134017,"children":135867},[135868,135870,135872,135874],{"id":134023,"depth":106,"text":135869},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134090,"depth":106,"text":135871},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134179,"depth":106,"text":135873},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134265,"depth":106,"text":135875},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134340,"depth":74,"text":134341,"children":135877},[135878,135879,135880,135882],{"id":134349,"depth":106,"text":134350},{"id":134432,"depth":106,"text":134433},{"id":134586,"depth":106,"text":135881},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134758,"depth":106,"text":135883},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134845,"depth":74,"text":135885,"children":135886},"Common errors with join()",[135887,135889,135891,135892],{"id":134854,"depth":106,"text":135888},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134991,"depth":106,"text":135890},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135135,"depth":106,"text":135136},{"id":135210,"depth":106,"text":135893},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135325,"depth":74,"text":135895,"children":135896},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135897,135899],{"id":135340,"depth":106,"text":135898},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135422,"depth":106,"text":135900},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135546,"depth":74,"text":135547},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":135903},[135904,135906,135908,135910,135912],{"id":135760,"depth":106,"text":135905},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135775,"depth":106,"text":135907},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135783,"depth":106,"text":135909},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135793,"depth":106,"text":135911},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135802,"depth":106,"text":135913},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133139,"description":135915},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135922,"title":135923,"body":135924,"description":137492,"extension":1866,"meta":137493,"navigation":128,"path":137494,"seo":137495,"stem":137496,"__hash__":137497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135925,"toc":137459},[135926,135931,135936,135938,135952,135997,136004,136009,136014,136016,136032,136041,136043,136045,136060,136062,136072,136074,136136,136138,136141,136202,136204,136220,136222,136235,136238,136285,136287,136293,136296,136299,136359,136367,136453,136457,136462,136464,136478,136481,136566,136569,136627,136638,136693,136695,136702,136708,136714,136758,136761,136808,136810,136812,136819,136821,136852,136855,136857,136888,136892,136895,136897,136937,136939,136982,136988,136993,136995,137022,137027,137030,137079,137083,137086,137161,137172,137175,137232,137239,137245,137253,137258,137265,137272,137290,137292,137346,137354,137356,137361,137364,137370,137376,137381,137384,137390,137396,137403,137411,137413,137456],[10,135927,13,135929,18],{"id":135928},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135930,1689],{},[20,135932,22,135933,135935],{},[15,135934,1689],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135937,23997],{},[194,135939,135940,135943,135946,135949],{},[197,135941,135942],{},"convert text to lowercase",[197,135944,135945],{},"compare text without case differences",[197,135947,135948],{},"clean up user input",[197,135950,135951],{},"make simple text matching easier",[40,135953,135955],{"className":42,"code":135954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135956,135957,135970,135984],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,135958,135959,135961,135963,135965,135968],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,135960,56],{"class":55},[49,135962,60],{"class":59},[49,135964,64],{"class":63},[49,135966,135967],{"class":67},"Hello WORLD",[49,135969,71],{"class":63},[49,135971,135972,135974,135976,135978,135980,135982],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,135973,2131],{"class":55},[49,135975,60],{"class":59},[49,135977,82],{"class":55},[49,135979,32],{"class":85},[49,135981,960],{"class":88},[49,135983,8548],{"class":85},[49,135985,135986,135988,135990,135992,135994],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,135987,110],{"class":109},[49,135989,92],{"class":85},[49,135991,2166],{"class":88},[49,135993,118],{"class":85},[49,135995,135996],{"class":121},"  # hello world\n",[20,135998,135999,88839,136001,136003],{},[666,136000,83697],{},[15,136002,1689],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[181,136005,184,136007,187],{"id":136006},"what-lower-does",[15,136008,1689],{},[20,136010,136011,136013],{},[15,136012,1689],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136015,12960],{},[194,136017,136018,136023,136026,136029],{},[197,136019,136020,136022],{},[15,136021,1689],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[197,136024,136025],{},"It works on string objects",[197,136027,136028],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[197,136030,136031],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136033,124965,136034,136038,136039,32],{},[820,136035,136037],{"href":136036},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[820,136040,50876],{"href":50875},[181,136042,316],{"id":315},[20,136044,319],{},[40,136046,136048],{"className":42,"code":136047,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.lower()\n",[15,136049,136050],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136051,136052,136054,136056,136058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136053,329],{"class":55},[49,136055,32],{"class":85},[49,136057,960],{"class":88},[49,136059,8548],{"class":85},[20,136061,43549],{},[194,136063,136064,136066,136069],{},[197,136065,97402],{},[197,136067,136068],{},"You call it directly on a string",[197,136070,136071],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136073,214],{},[40,136075,136077],{"className":42,"code":136076,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136078,136079,136102,136106,136119],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136080,136081,136083,136085,136087,136090,136092,136094,136096,136099],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136082,110],{"class":109},[49,136084,92],{"class":85},[49,136086,95],{"class":63},[49,136088,136089],{"class":67},"HELLO",[49,136091,95],{"class":63},[49,136093,32],{"class":85},[49,136095,960],{"class":88},[49,136097,136098],{"class":85},"())",[49,136100,136101],{"class":121},"  # hello\n",[49,136103,136104],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136105,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136107,136108,136110,136112,136114,136117],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136109,7785],{"class":55},[49,136111,60],{"class":59},[49,136113,64],{"class":63},[49,136115,136116],{"class":67},"PyThOn",[49,136118,71],{"class":63},[49,136120,136121,136123,136125,136127,136129,136131,136133],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136122,110],{"class":109},[49,136124,92],{"class":85},[49,136126,7575],{"class":88},[49,136128,32],{"class":85},[49,136130,960],{"class":88},[49,136132,136098],{"class":85},[49,136134,136135],{"class":121},"  # python\n",[181,136137,11381],{"id":11380},[20,136139,136140],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[40,136142,136144],{"className":42,"code":136143,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136145,136146,136158,136162,136177,136181,136192],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136147,136148,136150,136152,136154,136156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136149,56],{"class":55},[49,136151,60],{"class":59},[49,136153,64],{"class":63},[49,136155,135967],{"class":67},[49,136157,71],{"class":63},[49,136159,136160],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136161,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136163,136164,136167,136169,136171,136173,136175],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136165,136166],{"class":55},"lower_text ",[49,136168,60],{"class":59},[49,136170,82],{"class":55},[49,136172,32],{"class":85},[49,136174,960],{"class":88},[49,136176,8548],{"class":85},[49,136178,136179],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136180,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136182,136183,136185,136187,136190],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,136184,110],{"class":109},[49,136186,92],{"class":85},[49,136188,136189],{"class":88},"lower_text",[49,136191,103],{"class":85},[49,136193,136194,136196,136198,136200],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,136195,110],{"class":109},[49,136197,92],{"class":85},[49,136199,245],{"class":88},[49,136201,103],{"class":85},[20,136203,1974],{},[40,136205,136207],{"className":42,"code":136206,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136208,136209,136213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136210,136211],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136212,134081],{"class":55},[49,136214,136215,136217],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136216,131481],{"class":55},[49,136218,136219],{"class":34361},"WORLD\n",[20,136221,24517],{},[194,136223,136224,136229],{},[197,136225,136226,136228],{},[15,136227,1689],{}," returns the lowercase result",[197,136230,136231,136232,136234],{},"the original ",[15,136233,245],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136236,136237],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[40,136239,136241],{"className":42,"code":136240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136242,136243,136255,136269,136273],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136244,136245,136247,136249,136251,136253],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136246,56],{"class":55},[49,136248,60],{"class":59},[49,136250,64],{"class":63},[49,136252,135967],{"class":67},[49,136254,71],{"class":63},[49,136256,136257,136259,136261,136263,136265,136267],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136258,56],{"class":55},[49,136260,60],{"class":59},[49,136262,82],{"class":55},[49,136264,32],{"class":85},[49,136266,960],{"class":88},[49,136268,8548],{"class":85},[49,136270,136271],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136272,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136274,136275,136277,136279,136281,136283],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136276,110],{"class":109},[49,136278,92],{"class":85},[49,136280,245],{"class":88},[49,136282,118],{"class":85},[49,136284,135996],{"class":121},[181,136286,17328],{"id":17327},[20,136288,136289,21885,136291,32],{},[15,136290,1689],{},[666,136292,329],{},[20,136294,136295],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136297,136298],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[40,136300,136302],{"className":42,"code":136301,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136303,136304,136318,136322,136345],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136305,136306,136309,136311,136313,136316],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136307,136308],{"class":55},"answer ",[49,136310,60],{"class":59},[49,136312,64],{"class":63},[49,136314,136315],{"class":67},"YES",[49,136317,71],{"class":63},[49,136319,136320],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136321,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136323,136324,136326,136329,136331,136333,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136325,1211],{"class":1210},[49,136327,136328],{"class":55}," answer",[49,136330,32],{"class":85},[49,136332,960],{"class":88},[49,136334,7272],{"class":85},[49,136336,6315],{"class":59},[49,136338,64],{"class":63},[49,136340,8563],{"class":67},[49,136342,95],{"class":63},[49,136344,1226],{"class":85},[49,136346,136347,136349,136351,136353,136355,136357],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136348,1273],{"class":109},[49,136350,92],{"class":85},[49,136352,95],{"class":63},[49,136354,96711],{"class":67},[49,136356,95],{"class":63},[49,136358,103],{"class":85},[20,136360,136361,136362,1197],{},"This is especially useful with ",[820,136363,136364,136365,2205],{"href":8128},"the ",[15,136366,2861],{},[40,136368,136370],{"className":42,"code":136369,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136371,136372,136391,136395,136417,136432,136438],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136373,136374,136376,136378,136380,136382,136384,136387,136389],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136375,136308],{"class":55},[49,136377,60],{"class":59},[49,136379,8151],{"class":109},[49,136381,92],{"class":85},[49,136383,95],{"class":63},[49,136385,136386],{"class":67},"Type yes or no: ",[49,136388,95],{"class":63},[49,136390,103],{"class":85},[49,136392,136393],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136394,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136396,136397,136399,136401,136403,136405,136407,136409,136411,136413,136415],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136398,1211],{"class":1210},[49,136400,136328],{"class":55},[49,136402,32],{"class":85},[49,136404,960],{"class":88},[49,136406,7272],{"class":85},[49,136408,6315],{"class":59},[49,136410,64],{"class":63},[49,136412,8563],{"class":67},[49,136414,95],{"class":63},[49,136416,1226],{"class":85},[49,136418,136419,136421,136423,136425,136428,136430],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136420,1273],{"class":109},[49,136422,92],{"class":85},[49,136424,95],{"class":63},[49,136426,136427],{"class":67},"You typed yes",[49,136429,95],{"class":63},[49,136431,103],{"class":85},[49,136433,136434,136436],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,136435,1416],{"class":1210},[49,136437,1226],{"class":85},[49,136439,136440,136442,136444,136446,136449,136451],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,136441,1273],{"class":109},[49,136443,92],{"class":85},[49,136445,95],{"class":63},[49,136447,136448],{"class":67},"You typed something else",[49,136450,95],{"class":63},[49,136452,103],{"class":85},[181,136454,136456],{"id":136455},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136458,136459,136461],{},[15,136460,1689],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136463,7249],{},[194,136465,136466,136469,136472,136475],{},[197,136467,136468],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[197,136470,136471],{},"Make text matching easier",[197,136473,136474],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[197,136476,136477],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136479,136480],{},"Example: checking user input",[40,136482,136484],{"className":42,"code":136483,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136485,136486,136504,136508,136530,136545,136551],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136487,136488,136490,136492,136494,136496,136498,136500,136502],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136489,44858],{"class":55},[49,136491,60],{"class":59},[49,136493,8151],{"class":109},[49,136495,92],{"class":85},[49,136497,95],{"class":63},[49,136499,44869],{"class":67},[49,136501,95],{"class":63},[49,136503,103],{"class":85},[49,136505,136506],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136507,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136509,136510,136512,136514,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524,136526,136528],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136511,1211],{"class":1210},[49,136513,35756],{"class":55},[49,136515,32],{"class":85},[49,136517,960],{"class":88},[49,136519,7272],{"class":85},[49,136521,6315],{"class":59},[49,136523,64],{"class":63},[49,136525,13018],{"class":67},[49,136527,95],{"class":63},[49,136529,1226],{"class":85},[49,136531,136532,136534,136536,136538,136541,136543],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136533,1273],{"class":109},[49,136535,92],{"class":85},[49,136537,95],{"class":63},[49,136539,136540],{"class":67},"Nice choice!",[49,136542,95],{"class":63},[49,136544,103],{"class":85},[49,136546,136547,136549],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,136548,1416],{"class":1210},[49,136550,1226],{"class":85},[49,136552,136553,136555,136557,136559,136562,136564],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,136554,1273],{"class":109},[49,136556,92],{"class":85},[49,136558,95],{"class":63},[49,136560,136561],{"class":67},"Got it.",[49,136563,95],{"class":63},[49,136565,103],{"class":85},[20,136567,136568],{},"Example: simple search",[40,136570,136572],{"className":42,"code":136571,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136573,136574,136587,136591,136612],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136575,136576,136578,136580,136582,136585],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136577,89882],{"class":55},[49,136579,60],{"class":59},[49,136581,64],{"class":63},[49,136583,136584],{"class":67},"Python Is Fun",[49,136586,71],{"class":63},[49,136588,136589],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136590,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136592,136593,136595,136597,136599,136601,136603,136606,136608,136610],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136594,1211],{"class":1210},[49,136596,64],{"class":63},[49,136598,44],{"class":67},[49,136600,95],{"class":63},[49,136602,21083],{"class":59},[49,136604,136605],{"class":55}," message",[49,136607,32],{"class":85},[49,136609,960],{"class":88},[49,136611,21505],{"class":85},[49,136613,136614,136616,136618,136620,136623,136625],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136615,1273],{"class":109},[49,136617,92],{"class":85},[49,136619,95],{"class":63},[49,136621,136622],{"class":67},"Found it",[49,136624,95],{"class":63},[49,136626,103],{"class":85},[20,136628,136629,136630,136632,136633,1197],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136631,1689],{}," is often used with ",[820,136634,136636],{"href":136635},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136637,41554],{},[40,136639,136641],{"className":42,"code":136640,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136642,136643,136656,136675,136679],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136644,136645,136647,136649,136651,136654],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136646,7785],{"class":55},[49,136648,60],{"class":59},[49,136650,64],{"class":63},[49,136652,136653],{"class":67},"  ALICE  ",[49,136655,71],{"class":63},[49,136657,136658,136661,136663,136665,136667,136669,136671,136673],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136659,136660],{"class":55},"clean_name ",[49,136662,60],{"class":59},[49,136664,35897],{"class":55},[49,136666,32],{"class":85},[49,136668,8541],{"class":88},[49,136670,963],{"class":85},[49,136672,960],{"class":88},[49,136674,8548],{"class":85},[49,136676,136677],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136678,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136680,136681,136683,136685,136688,136690],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136682,110],{"class":109},[49,136684,92],{"class":85},[49,136686,136687],{"class":88},"clean_name",[49,136689,118],{"class":85},[49,136691,136692],{"class":121},"  # alice\n",[181,136694,15507],{"id":15506},[20,136696,136697,136698,136701],{},"Strings are ",[666,136699,136700],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136703,136704,136705,136707],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136706,1689],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136709,136710,136711,136713],{},"So this does ",[666,136712,4536],{}," update the original variable:",[40,136715,136717],{"className":42,"code":136716,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136718,136719,136731,136741,136745],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136720,136721,136723,136725,136727,136729],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136722,56],{"class":55},[49,136724,60],{"class":59},[49,136726,64],{"class":63},[49,136728,136089],{"class":67},[49,136730,71],{"class":63},[49,136732,136733,136735,136737,136739],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136734,245],{"class":55},[49,136736,32],{"class":85},[49,136738,960],{"class":88},[49,136740,8548],{"class":85},[49,136742,136743],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136744,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136746,136747,136749,136751,136753,136755],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136748,110],{"class":109},[49,136750,92],{"class":85},[49,136752,245],{"class":88},[49,136754,118],{"class":85},[49,136756,136757],{"class":121},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136759,136760],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[40,136762,136764],{"className":42,"code":136763,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136765,136766,136778,136792,136796],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136767,136768,136770,136772,136774,136776],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136769,56],{"class":55},[49,136771,60],{"class":59},[49,136773,64],{"class":63},[49,136775,136089],{"class":67},[49,136777,71],{"class":63},[49,136779,136780,136782,136784,136786,136788,136790],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136781,56],{"class":55},[49,136783,60],{"class":59},[49,136785,82],{"class":55},[49,136787,32],{"class":85},[49,136789,960],{"class":88},[49,136791,8548],{"class":85},[49,136793,136794],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136795,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,136797,136798,136800,136802,136804,136806],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,136799,110],{"class":109},[49,136801,92],{"class":85},[49,136803,245],{"class":88},[49,136805,118],{"class":85},[49,136807,136101],{"class":121},[181,136809,1308],{"id":1307},[353,136811,25597],{"id":25596},[20,136813,136814,136815,10999,136817,32],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136816,960],{},[15,136818,1689],{},[20,136820,16555],{},[40,136822,136824],{"className":42,"code":136823,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136825,136826,136838],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136827,136828,136830,136832,136834,136836],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136829,56],{"class":55},[49,136831,60],{"class":59},[49,136833,64],{"class":63},[49,136835,136089],{"class":67},[49,136837,71],{"class":63},[49,136839,136840,136842,136844,136846,136848,136850],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136841,110],{"class":109},[49,136843,92],{"class":85},[49,136845,245],{"class":88},[49,136847,32],{"class":85},[49,136849,960],{"class":24660},[49,136851,103],{"class":85},[20,136853,136854],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136856,16567],{},[40,136858,136860],{"className":42,"code":136859,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136861,136862,136874],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136863,136864,136866,136868,136870,136872],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136865,56],{"class":55},[49,136867,60],{"class":59},[49,136869,64],{"class":63},[49,136871,136089],{"class":67},[49,136873,71],{"class":63},[49,136875,136876,136878,136880,136882,136884,136886],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136877,110],{"class":109},[49,136879,92],{"class":85},[49,136881,245],{"class":88},[49,136883,32],{"class":85},[49,136885,960],{"class":88},[49,136887,7100],{"class":85},[353,136889,136891],{"id":136890},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136893,136894],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136896,16555],{},[40,136898,136900],{"className":42,"code":136899,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136901,136902,136914,136924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136903,136904,136906,136908,136910,136912],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136905,56],{"class":55},[49,136907,60],{"class":59},[49,136909,64],{"class":63},[49,136911,136089],{"class":67},[49,136913,71],{"class":63},[49,136915,136916,136918,136920,136922],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136917,245],{"class":55},[49,136919,32],{"class":85},[49,136921,960],{"class":88},[49,136923,8548],{"class":85},[49,136925,136926,136928,136930,136932,136934],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136927,110],{"class":109},[49,136929,92],{"class":85},[49,136931,245],{"class":88},[49,136933,118],{"class":85},[49,136935,136936],{"class":121},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136938,16567],{},[40,136940,136942],{"className":42,"code":136941,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136943,136944,136956,136970],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,136945,136946,136948,136950,136952,136954],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,136947,56],{"class":55},[49,136949,60],{"class":59},[49,136951,64],{"class":63},[49,136953,136089],{"class":67},[49,136955,71],{"class":63},[49,136957,136958,136960,136962,136964,136966,136968],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,136959,56],{"class":55},[49,136961,60],{"class":59},[49,136963,82],{"class":55},[49,136965,32],{"class":85},[49,136967,960],{"class":88},[49,136969,8548],{"class":85},[49,136971,136972,136974,136976,136978,136980],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,136973,110],{"class":109},[49,136975,92],{"class":85},[49,136977,245],{"class":88},[49,136979,118],{"class":85},[49,136981,136101],{"class":121},[353,136983,644,136985,136987],{"id":136984},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136986,1689],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136989,136990,136992],{},[15,136991,1689],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136994,16555],{},[40,136996,136998],{"className":42,"code":136997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136999,137000,137008],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137001,137002,137004,137006],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137003,2119],{"class":55},[49,137005,60],{"class":59},[49,137007,124895],{"class":458},[49,137009,137010,137012,137014,137016,137018,137020],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137011,110],{"class":109},[49,137013,92],{"class":85},[49,137015,2141],{"class":88},[49,137017,32],{"class":85},[49,137019,960],{"class":88},[49,137021,7100],{"class":85},[20,137023,137024,137025,33508],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137026,1689],{},[20,137028,137029],{},"You can check the type first:",[40,137031,137033],{"className":42,"code":137032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137034,137035,137047,137051,137065],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137036,137037,137039,137041,137043,137045],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137038,56],{"class":55},[49,137040,60],{"class":59},[49,137042,64],{"class":63},[49,137044,136089],{"class":67},[49,137046,71],{"class":63},[49,137048,137049],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137050,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,137052,137053,137055,137057,137059,137061,137063],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,137054,110],{"class":109},[49,137056,92],{"class":85},[49,137058,3127],{"class":2804},[49,137060,92],{"class":85},[49,137062,245],{"class":88},[49,137064,1581],{"class":85},[49,137066,137067,137069,137071,137073,137075,137077],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,137068,110],{"class":109},[49,137070,92],{"class":85},[49,137072,245],{"class":88},[49,137074,32],{"class":85},[49,137076,960],{"class":88},[49,137078,7100],{"class":85},[353,137080,137082],{"id":137081},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137084,137085],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[40,137087,137089],{"className":42,"code":137088,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137090,137091,137104,137108,137125,137140,137146],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137092,137093,137095,137097,137099,137102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137094,136308],{"class":55},[49,137096,60],{"class":59},[49,137098,64],{"class":63},[49,137100,137101],{"class":67},"Yes",[49,137103,71],{"class":63},[49,137105,137106],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137107,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,137109,137110,137112,137115,137117,137119,137121,137123],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,137111,1211],{"class":1210},[49,137113,137114],{"class":55}," answer ",[49,137116,4594],{"class":59},[49,137118,64],{"class":63},[49,137120,8563],{"class":67},[49,137122,95],{"class":63},[49,137124,1226],{"class":85},[49,137126,137127,137129,137131,137133,137136,137138],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,137128,1273],{"class":109},[49,137130,92],{"class":85},[49,137132,95],{"class":63},[49,137134,137135],{"class":67},"Match",[49,137137,95],{"class":63},[49,137139,103],{"class":85},[49,137141,137142,137144],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,137143,1416],{"class":1210},[49,137145,1226],{"class":85},[49,137147,137148,137150,137152,137154,137157,137159],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,137149,1273],{"class":109},[49,137151,92],{"class":85},[49,137153,95],{"class":63},[49,137155,137156],{"class":67},"No match",[49,137158,95],{"class":63},[49,137160,103],{"class":85},[20,137162,28966,137163,380,137166,137169,137170,32],{},[15,137164,137165],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137167,137168],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137171,137156],{},[20,137173,137174],{},"Better:",[40,137176,137178],{"className":42,"code":137177,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137179,137180,137192,137196,137218],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137181,137182,137184,137186,137188,137190],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137183,136308],{"class":55},[49,137185,60],{"class":59},[49,137187,64],{"class":63},[49,137189,137101],{"class":67},[49,137191,71],{"class":63},[49,137193,137194],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137195,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,137197,137198,137200,137202,137204,137206,137208,137210,137212,137214,137216],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,137199,1211],{"class":1210},[49,137201,136328],{"class":55},[49,137203,32],{"class":85},[49,137205,960],{"class":88},[49,137207,7272],{"class":85},[49,137209,6315],{"class":59},[49,137211,64],{"class":63},[49,137213,8563],{"class":67},[49,137215,95],{"class":63},[49,137217,1226],{"class":85},[49,137219,137220,137222,137224,137226,137228,137230],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,137221,1273],{"class":109},[49,137223,92],{"class":85},[49,137225,95],{"class":63},[49,137227,137135],{"class":67},[49,137229,95],{"class":63},[49,137231,103],{"class":85},[353,137233,44112,137235,137238],{"id":137234},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137236,137237],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137240,137241,137242,137244],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137243,1689],{}," is enough.",[20,137246,137247,137248,137250,137251,32],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137249,137237],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137252,1689],{},[20,137254,137255,137256,122469],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137257,1689],{},[181,137259,137261,983,137263],{"id":137260},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137262,1689],{},[15,137264,128083],{},[20,137266,137267,380,137269,137271],{},[15,137268,1689],{},[15,137270,128083],{}," are very similar.",[194,137273,137274,137279,137284,137287],{},[197,137275,137276,137278],{},[15,137277,1689],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[197,137280,137281,137283],{},[15,137282,128083],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[197,137285,137286],{},"Both return new strings",[197,137288,137289],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137291,214],{},[40,137293,137295],{"className":42,"code":137294,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137296,137297,137309,137313,137329],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137298,137299,137301,137303,137305,137307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137300,56],{"class":55},[49,137302,60],{"class":59},[49,137304,64],{"class":63},[49,137306,866],{"class":67},[49,137308,71],{"class":63},[49,137310,137311],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137312,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,137314,137315,137317,137319,137321,137323,137325,137327],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,137316,110],{"class":109},[49,137318,92],{"class":85},[49,137320,245],{"class":88},[49,137322,32],{"class":85},[49,137324,960],{"class":88},[49,137326,136098],{"class":85},[49,137328,135996],{"class":121},[49,137330,137331,137333,137335,137337,137339,137341,137343],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,137332,110],{"class":109},[49,137334,92],{"class":85},[49,137336,245],{"class":88},[49,137338,32],{"class":85},[49,137340,34386],{"class":88},[49,137342,136098],{"class":85},[49,137344,137345],{"class":121},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137347,137348,137349,32],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[820,137350,1782,137352,1785],{"href":137351},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137353,128083],{},[181,137355,1704],{"id":1703},[353,137357,1720,137359,124542],{"id":137358},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137360,1689],{},[20,137362,137363],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[353,137365,1720,137367,137369],{"id":137366},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137368,1689],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137371,137372,137373,32],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137374,137375],{},"string.lower()",[353,137377,5050,137379,12623],{"id":137378},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137380,1689],{},[20,137382,137383],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[353,137385,1760,137387,137389],{"id":137386},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137388,1689],{}," on user input?",[20,137391,137392,137393,137395],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137394,2861],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[353,137397,1740,137399,380,137401,2394],{"id":137398},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137400,1689],{},[15,137402,137237],{},[20,137404,137405,137407,137408,137410],{},[15,137406,1689],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137409,137237],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[181,137412,1775],{"id":1774},[194,137414,137415,137419,137425,137431,137437,137441,137445,137451],{},[197,137416,137417],{},[820,137418,50876],{"href":50875},[197,137420,137421],{},[820,137422,1782,137423,1785],{"href":137351},[15,137424,128083],{},[197,137426,137427],{},[820,137428,1782,137429,1785],{"href":136635},[15,137430,41554],{},[197,137432,137433],{},[820,137434,1782,137435,1785],{"href":1796},[15,137436,1799],{},[197,137438,137439],{},[820,137440,1820],{"href":1303},[197,137442,137443],{},[820,137444,90557],{"href":89568},[197,137446,137447],{},[820,137448,3482,137449,3415],{"href":8128},[15,137450,2861],{},[197,137452,137453],{},[820,137454,137455],{"href":136036},"What is a string in Python?",[1834,137457,137458],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":137460},[137461,137463,137464,137465,137466,137467,137468,137477,137479,137491],{"id":136006,"depth":74,"text":137462},"What lower() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":136455,"depth":74,"text":136456},{"id":15506,"depth":74,"text":15507},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":137469},[137470,137471,137472,137474,137475],{"id":25596,"depth":106,"text":25597},{"id":136890,"depth":106,"text":136891},{"id":136984,"depth":106,"text":137473},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137081,"depth":106,"text":137082},{"id":137234,"depth":106,"text":137476},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137260,"depth":74,"text":137478},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":137480},[137481,137483,137485,137487,137489],{"id":137358,"depth":106,"text":137482},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137366,"depth":106,"text":137484},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137378,"depth":106,"text":137486},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137386,"depth":106,"text":137488},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137398,"depth":106,"text":137490},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135923,"description":137492},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137499,"title":137500,"body":137501,"description":139051,"extension":1866,"meta":139052,"navigation":128,"path":139053,"seo":139054,"stem":139055,"__hash__":139056},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137502,"toc":139012},[137503,137508,137513,137519,137534,137536,137596,137598,137607,137613,137618,137623,137625,137639,137643,137645,137692,137694,137712,137714,137717,137788,137790,137804,137807,137819,137828,137832,137837,137842,137846,137912,137914,137923,137927,137992,137994,138003,138006,138011,138015,138020,138024,138085,138087,138096,138100,138103,138159,138161,138170,138173,138186,138188,138192,138199,138261,138263,138276,138282,138285,138292,138297,138302,138305,138313,138315,138376,138378,138387,138390,138437,138440,138487,138489,138494,138511,138518,138523,138576,138578,138586,138588,138645,138647,138655,138659,138706,138708,138716,138724,138728,138776,138778,138787,138792,138843,138845,138854,138861,138864,138885,138887,138892,138895,138899,138902,138906,138909,138936,138942,138945,138972,138977,138979,138981,139009],[10,137504,13,137506,18],{"id":137505},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137507,1799],{},[20,137509,22,137510,137512],{},[15,137511,1799],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137514,137515,137516,137518],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137517,1799],{},". You will learn:",[194,137520,137521,137525,137528,137531],{},[197,137522,25929,137523,187],{},[15,137524,1799],{},[197,137526,137527],{},"how its syntax works",[197,137529,137530],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[197,137532,137533],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[181,137535,1907],{"id":1906},[40,137537,137539],{"className":42,"code":137538,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137540,137541,137554,137586],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137542,137543,137545,137547,137549,137552],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137544,56],{"class":55},[49,137546,60],{"class":59},[49,137548,64],{"class":63},[49,137550,137551],{"class":67},"I like cats",[49,137553,71],{"class":63},[49,137555,137556,137558,137560,137562,137564,137566,137568,137570,137573,137575,137577,137579,137582,137584],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137557,129904],{"class":55},[49,137559,60],{"class":59},[49,137561,82],{"class":55},[49,137563,32],{"class":85},[49,137565,34905],{"class":88},[49,137567,92],{"class":85},[49,137569,95],{"class":63},[49,137571,137572],{"class":67},"cats",[49,137574,95],{"class":63},[49,137576,341],{"class":85},[49,137578,64],{"class":63},[49,137580,137581],{"class":67},"dogs",[49,137583,95],{"class":63},[49,137585,103],{"class":85},[49,137587,137588,137590,137592,137594],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,137589,110],{"class":109},[49,137591,92],{"class":85},[49,137593,129935],{"class":88},[49,137595,103],{"class":85},[20,137597,1974],{},[40,137599,137601],{"className":42,"code":137600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"I like dogs\n",[15,137602,137603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137604,137605],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137606,137600],{"class":55},[20,137608,35,137609,137612],{},[15,137610,137611],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[181,137614,184,137616,187],{"id":137615},"what-replace-does",[15,137617,1799],{},[20,137619,137620,137622],{},[15,137621,1799],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137624,12960],{},[194,137626,137627,137629,137631,137634],{},[197,137628,133313],{},[197,137630,136031],{},[197,137632,137633],{},"It works on exact matches",[197,137635,137636,137637],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137638,41160],{},[20,137640,124965,137641,32],{},[820,137642,124968],{"href":50875},[181,137644,5338],{"id":5337},[40,137646,137648],{"className":42,"code":137647,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137649,137650,137670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137651,137652,137654,137656,137658,137660,137663,137665,137668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137653,329],{"class":55},[49,137655,32],{"class":85},[49,137657,34905],{"class":88},[49,137659,92],{"class":85},[49,137661,137662],{"class":88},"old",[49,137664,341],{"class":85},[49,137666,137667],{"class":88}," new",[49,137669,103],{"class":85},[49,137671,137672,137674,137676,137678,137680,137682,137684,137686,137688,137690],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137673,329],{"class":55},[49,137675,32],{"class":85},[49,137677,34905],{"class":88},[49,137679,92],{"class":85},[49,137681,137662],{"class":88},[49,137683,341],{"class":85},[49,137685,137667],{"class":88},[49,137687,341],{"class":85},[49,137689,49502],{"class":88},[49,137691,103],{"class":85},[353,137693,356],{"id":355},[194,137695,137696,137701,137707],{},[197,137697,137698,137700],{},[15,137699,137662],{}," = the text to find",[197,137702,137703,137706],{},[15,137704,137705],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[197,137708,137709,137711],{},[15,137710,41160],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[181,137713,5694],{"id":5693},[20,137715,137716],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[40,137718,137720],{"className":42,"code":137719,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137721,137722,137734,137764,137768,137778],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137723,137724,137726,137728,137730,137732],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137725,56],{"class":55},[49,137727,60],{"class":59},[49,137729,64],{"class":63},[49,137731,137551],{"class":67},[49,137733,71],{"class":63},[49,137735,137736,137738,137740,137742,137744,137746,137748,137750,137752,137754,137756,137758,137760,137762],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137737,129904],{"class":55},[49,137739,60],{"class":59},[49,137741,82],{"class":55},[49,137743,32],{"class":85},[49,137745,34905],{"class":88},[49,137747,92],{"class":85},[49,137749,95],{"class":63},[49,137751,137572],{"class":67},[49,137753,95],{"class":63},[49,137755,341],{"class":85},[49,137757,64],{"class":63},[49,137759,137581],{"class":67},[49,137761,95],{"class":63},[49,137763,103],{"class":85},[49,137765,137766],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,137767,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,137769,137770,137772,137774,137776],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,137771,110],{"class":109},[49,137773,92],{"class":85},[49,137775,245],{"class":88},[49,137777,103],{"class":85},[49,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,137781,110],{"class":109},[49,137783,92],{"class":85},[49,137785,129935],{"class":88},[49,137787,103],{"class":85},[20,137789,1974],{},[40,137791,137793],{"className":42,"code":137792,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137794,137795,137800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137796,137797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137798,137799],{"class":55},"I like cats\n",[49,137801,137802],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137803,137600],{"class":55},[20,137805,137806],{},"Notice what happened:",[194,137808,137809,137814],{},[197,137810,137811,137813],{},[15,137812,245],{}," did not change",[197,137815,137816,137818],{},[15,137817,129935],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137820,137821,137822,137824,137825,137827],{},"This happens because strings are ",[666,137823,136700],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137826,1799],{}," return a new string instead.",[181,137829,137831],{"id":137830},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137833,89577,137834,137836],{},[15,137835,1799],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137838,137839,137840,36526],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137841,41160],{},[353,137843,137845],{"id":137844},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[40,137847,137849],{"className":42,"code":137848,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137850,137851,137864,137898,137902],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137852,137853,137855,137857,137859,137862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137854,56],{"class":55},[49,137856,60],{"class":59},[49,137858,64],{"class":63},[49,137860,137861],{"class":67},"cat cat cat",[49,137863,71],{"class":63},[49,137865,137866,137868,137870,137872,137874,137876,137878,137880,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890,137892,137894,137896],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137867,2131],{"class":55},[49,137869,60],{"class":59},[49,137871,82],{"class":55},[49,137873,32],{"class":85},[49,137875,34905],{"class":88},[49,137877,92],{"class":85},[49,137879,95],{"class":63},[49,137881,36952],{"class":67},[49,137883,95],{"class":63},[49,137885,341],{"class":85},[49,137887,64],{"class":63},[49,137889,58023],{"class":67},[49,137891,95],{"class":63},[49,137893,341],{"class":85},[49,137895,1264],{"class":458},[49,137897,103],{"class":85},[49,137899,137900],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,137901,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,137903,137904,137906,137908,137910],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,137905,110],{"class":109},[49,137907,92],{"class":85},[49,137909,2166],{"class":88},[49,137911,103],{"class":85},[20,137913,1974],{},[40,137915,137917],{"className":42,"code":137916,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137918,137919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137920,137921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137922,137916],{"class":55},[353,137924,137926],{"id":137925},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[40,137928,137930],{"className":42,"code":137929,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137931,137932,137944,137978,137982],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,137933,137934,137936,137938,137940,137942],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,137935,56],{"class":55},[49,137937,60],{"class":59},[49,137939,64],{"class":63},[49,137941,137861],{"class":67},[49,137943,71],{"class":63},[49,137945,137946,137948,137950,137952,137954,137956,137958,137960,137962,137964,137966,137968,137970,137972,137974,137976],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,137947,2131],{"class":55},[49,137949,60],{"class":59},[49,137951,82],{"class":55},[49,137953,32],{"class":85},[49,137955,34905],{"class":88},[49,137957,92],{"class":85},[49,137959,95],{"class":63},[49,137961,36952],{"class":67},[49,137963,95],{"class":63},[49,137965,341],{"class":85},[49,137967,64],{"class":63},[49,137969,58023],{"class":67},[49,137971,95],{"class":63},[49,137973,341],{"class":85},[49,137975,2896],{"class":458},[49,137977,103],{"class":85},[49,137979,137980],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,137981,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,137983,137984,137986,137988,137990],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,137985,110],{"class":109},[49,137987,92],{"class":85},[49,137989,2166],{"class":88},[49,137991,103],{"class":85},[20,137993,1974],{},[40,137995,137997],{"className":42,"code":137996,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137998,137999],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138000,138001],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138002,137996],{"class":55},[20,138004,138005],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138007,138008,138009,32],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[820,138010,127929],{"href":124384},[181,138012,138014],{"id":138013},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138016,138017,138019],{},[15,138018,1799],{}," can also change single characters.",[353,138021,138023],{"id":138022},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[40,138025,138027],{"className":42,"code":138026,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138028,138029,138041,138071,138075],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138030,138031,138033,138035,138037,138039],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138032,56],{"class":55},[49,138034,60],{"class":59},[49,138036,64],{"class":63},[49,138038,230],{"class":67},[49,138040,71],{"class":63},[49,138042,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059,138061,138063,138065,138067,138069],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138044,2131],{"class":55},[49,138046,60],{"class":59},[49,138048,82],{"class":55},[49,138050,32],{"class":85},[49,138052,34905],{"class":88},[49,138054,92],{"class":85},[49,138056,95],{"class":63},[49,138058,820],{"class":67},[49,138060,95],{"class":63},[49,138062,341],{"class":85},[49,138064,64],{"class":63},[49,138066,426],{"class":67},[49,138068,95],{"class":63},[49,138070,103],{"class":85},[49,138072,138073],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,138074,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,138076,138077,138079,138081,138083],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,138078,110],{"class":109},[49,138080,92],{"class":85},[49,138082,2166],{"class":88},[49,138084,103],{"class":85},[20,138086,1974],{},[40,138088,138090],{"className":42,"code":138089,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"bonono\n",[15,138091,138092],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138093,138094],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138095,138089],{"class":55},[353,138097,138099],{"id":138098},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138101,138102],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[40,138104,138106],{"className":42,"code":138105,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138107,138108,138121,138145,138149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138109,138110,138112,138114,138116,138119],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138111,56],{"class":55},[49,138113,60],{"class":59},[49,138115,64],{"class":63},[49,138117,138118],{"class":67},"a b c",[49,138120,71],{"class":63},[49,138122,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138124,2131],{"class":55},[49,138126,60],{"class":59},[49,138128,82],{"class":55},[49,138130,32],{"class":85},[49,138132,34905],{"class":88},[49,138134,92],{"class":85},[49,138136,95],{"class":63},[49,138138,64],{"class":63},[49,138140,341],{"class":85},[49,138142,6033],{"class":63},[49,138144,103],{"class":85},[49,138146,138147],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,138148,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,138150,138151,138153,138155,138157],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,138152,110],{"class":109},[49,138154,92],{"class":85},[49,138156,2166],{"class":88},[49,138158,103],{"class":85},[20,138160,1974],{},[40,138162,138164],{"className":42,"code":138163,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"abc\n",[15,138165,138166],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138167,138168],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138169,138163],{"class":55},[20,138171,138172],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138174,138175,138176,138180,138181,138185],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[820,138177,1782,138178,1785],{"href":827},[15,138179,830],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[820,138182,1782,138183,1785],{"href":136635},[15,138184,41554],{}," is often a better choice.",[181,138187,835],{"id":834},[20,138189,138190,840],{},[15,138191,1799],{},[20,138193,843,138194,380,138196,127259],{},[15,138195,112912],{},[15,138197,138198],{},"\"Cat\"",[40,138200,138202],{"className":42,"code":138201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138203,138204,138217,138247,138251],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138205,138206,138208,138210,138212,138215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138207,56],{"class":55},[49,138209,60],{"class":59},[49,138211,64],{"class":63},[49,138213,138214],{"class":67},"Cat cat CAT",[49,138216,71],{"class":63},[49,138218,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138220,2131],{"class":55},[49,138222,60],{"class":59},[49,138224,82],{"class":55},[49,138226,32],{"class":85},[49,138228,34905],{"class":88},[49,138230,92],{"class":85},[49,138232,95],{"class":63},[49,138234,36952],{"class":67},[49,138236,95],{"class":63},[49,138238,341],{"class":85},[49,138240,64],{"class":63},[49,138242,58023],{"class":67},[49,138244,95],{"class":63},[49,138246,103],{"class":85},[49,138248,138249],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,138250,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,138252,138253,138255,138257,138259],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,138254,110],{"class":109},[49,138256,92],{"class":85},[49,138258,2166],{"class":88},[49,138260,103],{"class":85},[20,138262,1974],{},[40,138264,138266],{"className":42,"code":138265,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138267,138268],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138269,138270,138273],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138271,138272],{"class":55},"Cat dog ",[49,138274,138275],{"class":34361},"CAT\n",[20,138277,138278,138279,138281],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138280,112912],{}," was replaced.",[20,138283,138284],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138286,138287,138288,32],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[820,138289,1782,138290,1785],{"href":123946},[15,138291,1689],{},[181,138293,184,138295,11612],{"id":138294},"what-replace-returns",[15,138296,1799],{},[20,138298,138299,138301],{},[15,138300,1799],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138303,138304],{},"If no match is found:",[194,138306,138307,138310],{},[197,138308,138309],{},"no error happens",[197,138311,138312],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138314,214],{},[40,138316,138318],{"className":42,"code":138317,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138319,138320,138332,138362,138366],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138321,138322,138324,138326,138328,138330],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138323,56],{"class":55},[49,138325,60],{"class":59},[49,138327,64],{"class":63},[49,138329,917],{"class":67},[49,138331,71],{"class":63},[49,138333,138334,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138335,2131],{"class":55},[49,138337,60],{"class":59},[49,138339,82],{"class":55},[49,138341,32],{"class":85},[49,138343,34905],{"class":88},[49,138345,92],{"class":85},[49,138347,95],{"class":63},[49,138349,283],{"class":67},[49,138351,95],{"class":63},[49,138353,341],{"class":85},[49,138355,64],{"class":63},[49,138357,11652],{"class":67},[49,138359,95],{"class":63},[49,138361,103],{"class":85},[49,138363,138364],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,138365,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,138367,138368,138370,138372,138374],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,138369,110],{"class":109},[49,138371,92],{"class":85},[49,138373,2166],{"class":88},[49,138375,103],{"class":85},[20,138377,1974],{},[40,138379,138381],{"className":42,"code":138380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello\n",[15,138382,138383],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138384,138385],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138386,138380],{"class":55},[20,138388,138389],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[40,138391,138393],{"className":42,"code":138392,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138394,138395,138407],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138396,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138398,56],{"class":55},[49,138400,60],{"class":59},[49,138402,64],{"class":63},[49,138404,68],{"class":67},[49,138406,71],{"class":63},[49,138408,138409,138411,138413,138415,138417,138419,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138410,129904],{"class":55},[49,138412,60],{"class":59},[49,138414,82],{"class":55},[49,138416,32],{"class":85},[49,138418,34905],{"class":88},[49,138420,92],{"class":85},[49,138422,95],{"class":63},[49,138424,98],{"class":67},[49,138426,95],{"class":63},[49,138428,341],{"class":85},[49,138430,64],{"class":63},[49,138432,7203],{"class":67},[49,138434,95],{"class":63},[49,138436,103],{"class":85},[20,138438,138439],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[40,138441,138443],{"className":42,"code":138442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138444,138445,138457],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138446,138447,138449,138451,138453,138455],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138448,56],{"class":55},[49,138450,60],{"class":59},[49,138452,64],{"class":63},[49,138454,68],{"class":67},[49,138456,71],{"class":63},[49,138458,138459,138461,138463,138465,138467,138469,138471,138473,138475,138477,138479,138481,138483,138485],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138460,56],{"class":55},[49,138462,60],{"class":59},[49,138464,82],{"class":55},[49,138466,32],{"class":85},[49,138468,34905],{"class":88},[49,138470,92],{"class":85},[49,138472,95],{"class":63},[49,138474,98],{"class":67},[49,138476,95],{"class":63},[49,138478,341],{"class":85},[49,138480,64],{"class":63},[49,138482,7203],{"class":67},[49,138484,95],{"class":63},[49,138486,103],{"class":85},[181,138488,4425],{"id":4424},[20,138490,138491,138492,1197],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138493,1799],{},[194,138495,138496,138499,138503,138506],{},[197,138497,138498],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[197,138500,1318,138501,131285],{},[15,138502,1799],{},[197,138504,138505],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[197,138507,1339,138508,138510],{},[15,138509,1799],{}," with regex-based replacements",[353,138512,138514,138515,138517],{"id":138513},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138516,1799],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138519,138520,138521,1197],{},"This does not update ",[15,138522,245],{},[40,138524,138526],{"className":42,"code":138525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138527,138528,138540,138566],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138529,138530,138532,138534,138536,138538],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138531,56],{"class":55},[49,138533,60],{"class":59},[49,138535,64],{"class":63},[49,138537,137551],{"class":67},[49,138539,71],{"class":63},[49,138541,138542,138544,138546,138548,138550,138552,138554,138556,138558,138560,138562,138564],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138543,245],{"class":55},[49,138545,32],{"class":85},[49,138547,34905],{"class":88},[49,138549,92],{"class":85},[49,138551,95],{"class":63},[49,138553,137572],{"class":67},[49,138555,95],{"class":63},[49,138557,341],{"class":85},[49,138559,64],{"class":63},[49,138561,137581],{"class":67},[49,138563,95],{"class":63},[49,138565,103],{"class":85},[49,138567,138568,138570,138572,138574],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,138569,110],{"class":109},[49,138571,92],{"class":85},[49,138573,245],{"class":88},[49,138575,103],{"class":85},[20,138577,1974],{},[40,138579,138580],{"className":42,"code":137799,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,138581,138582],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138583,138584],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138585,137799],{"class":55},[20,138587,10714],{},[40,138589,138591],{"className":42,"code":138590,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138592,138593,138605,138635],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138594,138595,138597,138599,138601,138603],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138596,56],{"class":55},[49,138598,60],{"class":59},[49,138600,64],{"class":63},[49,138602,137551],{"class":67},[49,138604,71],{"class":63},[49,138606,138607,138609,138611,138613,138615,138617,138619,138621,138623,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138608,56],{"class":55},[49,138610,60],{"class":59},[49,138612,82],{"class":55},[49,138614,32],{"class":85},[49,138616,34905],{"class":88},[49,138618,92],{"class":85},[49,138620,95],{"class":63},[49,138622,137572],{"class":67},[49,138624,95],{"class":63},[49,138626,341],{"class":85},[49,138628,64],{"class":63},[49,138630,137581],{"class":67},[49,138632,95],{"class":63},[49,138634,103],{"class":85},[49,138636,138637,138639,138641,138643],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,138638,110],{"class":109},[49,138640,92],{"class":85},[49,138642,245],{"class":88},[49,138644,103],{"class":85},[20,138646,1974],{},[40,138648,138649],{"className":42,"code":137600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,138650,138651],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138652,138653],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138654,137600],{"class":55},[353,138656,138658],{"id":138657},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[40,138660,138662],{"className":42,"code":138661,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138663,138664,138676],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138665,138666,138668,138670,138672,138674],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138667,56],{"class":55},[49,138669,60],{"class":59},[49,138671,64],{"class":63},[49,138673,891],{"class":67},[49,138675,71],{"class":63},[49,138677,138678,138680,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138679,110],{"class":109},[49,138681,92],{"class":85},[49,138683,245],{"class":88},[49,138685,32],{"class":85},[49,138687,34905],{"class":88},[49,138689,92],{"class":85},[49,138691,95],{"class":63},[49,138693,917],{"class":67},[49,138695,95],{"class":63},[49,138697,341],{"class":85},[49,138699,64],{"class":63},[49,138701,89811],{"class":67},[49,138703,95],{"class":63},[49,138705,1581],{"class":85},[20,138707,1974],{},[40,138709,138710],{"className":42,"code":88825,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,138711,138712],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138713,138714],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138715,88825],{"class":55},[20,138717,138718,138719,380,138721,138723],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138720,849],{},[15,138722,846],{}," are not the same.",[353,138725,138727],{"id":138726},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[40,138729,138731],{"className":42,"code":138730,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138732,138733,138746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138734,138735,138737,138739,138741,138744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138736,56],{"class":55},[49,138738,60],{"class":59},[49,138740,64],{"class":63},[49,138742,138743],{"class":67},"red red red",[49,138745,71],{"class":63},[49,138747,138748,138750,138752,138754,138756,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138749,110],{"class":109},[49,138751,92],{"class":85},[49,138753,245],{"class":88},[49,138755,32],{"class":85},[49,138757,34905],{"class":88},[49,138759,92],{"class":85},[49,138761,95],{"class":63},[49,138763,13001],{"class":67},[49,138765,95],{"class":63},[49,138767,341],{"class":85},[49,138769,64],{"class":63},[49,138771,13018],{"class":67},[49,138773,95],{"class":63},[49,138775,1581],{"class":85},[20,138777,1974],{},[40,138779,138781],{"className":42,"code":138780,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138782,138783],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138784,138785],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138786,138780],{"class":55},[20,138788,138789,138790,1197],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138791,41160],{},[40,138793,138795],{"className":42,"code":138794,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138796,138797,138809],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138798,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138800,56],{"class":55},[49,138802,60],{"class":59},[49,138804,64],{"class":63},[49,138806,138743],{"class":67},[49,138808,71],{"class":63},[49,138810,138811,138813,138815,138817,138819,138821,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,138812,110],{"class":109},[49,138814,92],{"class":85},[49,138816,245],{"class":88},[49,138818,32],{"class":85},[49,138820,34905],{"class":88},[49,138822,92],{"class":85},[49,138824,95],{"class":63},[49,138826,13001],{"class":67},[49,138828,95],{"class":63},[49,138830,341],{"class":85},[49,138832,64],{"class":63},[49,138834,13018],{"class":67},[49,138836,95],{"class":63},[49,138838,341],{"class":85},[49,138840,1264],{"class":458},[49,138842,1581],{"class":85},[20,138844,1974],{},[40,138846,138848],{"className":42,"code":138847,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"blue red red\n",[15,138849,138850],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138851,138852],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138853,138847],{"class":55},[353,138855,138857,138858,138860],{"id":138856},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138859,1799],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138862,138863],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[194,138865,138866,138873,138880],{},[197,138867,35,138868,138872],{},[820,138869,138870],{"href":827},[15,138871,830],{}," to break a string into a list",[197,138874,35,138875,138879],{},[820,138876,138877],{"href":136635},[15,138878,41554],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[197,138881,35,138882,138884],{},[15,138883,1799],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[181,138886,1704],{"id":1703},[353,138888,1720,138890,124542],{"id":138889},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138891,1799],{},[20,138893,138894],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[353,138896,138898],{"id":138897},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138900,138901],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[353,138903,138905],{"id":138904},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138907,138908],{},"Use the third argument:",[40,138910,138912],{"className":42,"code":138911,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138913,138914],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138915,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928,138930,138932,138934],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138917,245],{"class":55},[49,138919,32],{"class":85},[49,138921,34905],{"class":88},[49,138923,92],{"class":85},[49,138925,137662],{"class":88},[49,138927,341],{"class":85},[49,138929,137667],{"class":88},[49,138931,341],{"class":85},[49,138933,1264],{"class":458},[49,138935,103],{"class":85},[353,138937,5077,138939,138941],{"id":138938},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138940,1799],{}," remove text?",[20,138943,138944],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[40,138946,138948],{"className":42,"code":138947,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138949,138950],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,138951,138952,138954,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,138953,245],{"class":55},[49,138955,32],{"class":85},[49,138957,34905],{"class":88},[49,138959,92],{"class":85},[49,138961,95],{"class":63},[49,138963,283],{"class":67},[49,138965,95],{"class":63},[49,138967,341],{"class":85},[49,138969,6033],{"class":63},[49,138971,103],{"class":85},[353,138973,14813,138975,1733],{"id":138974},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138976,1799],{},[20,138978,1736],{},[181,138980,1775],{"id":1774},[194,138982,138983,138987,138993,138999,139005],{},[197,138984,138985],{},[820,138986,124619],{"href":124384},[197,138988,138989],{},[820,138990,1782,138991,1785],{"href":827},[15,138992,830],{},[197,138994,138995],{},[820,138996,1782,138997,1785],{"href":136635},[15,138998,41554],{},[197,139000,139001],{},[820,139002,1782,139003,1785],{"href":123946},[15,139004,1689],{},[197,139006,139007],{},[820,139008,124968],{"href":50875},[1834,139010,139011],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":139013},[139014,139015,139017,139020,139021,139025,139029,139030,139032,139040,139050],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":137615,"depth":74,"text":139016},"What replace() does",{"id":5337,"depth":74,"text":5338,"children":139018},[139019],{"id":355,"depth":106,"text":356},{"id":5693,"depth":74,"text":5694},{"id":137830,"depth":74,"text":137831,"children":139022},[139023,139024],{"id":137844,"depth":106,"text":137845},{"id":137925,"depth":106,"text":137926},{"id":138013,"depth":74,"text":138014,"children":139026},[139027,139028],{"id":138022,"depth":106,"text":138023},{"id":138098,"depth":106,"text":138099},{"id":834,"depth":74,"text":835},{"id":138294,"depth":74,"text":139031},"What replace() returns",{"id":4424,"depth":74,"text":4425,"children":139033},[139034,139036,139037,139038],{"id":138513,"depth":106,"text":139035},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138657,"depth":106,"text":138658},{"id":138726,"depth":106,"text":138727},{"id":138856,"depth":106,"text":139039},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":139041},[139042,139044,139045,139046,139048],{"id":138889,"depth":106,"text":139043},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138897,"depth":106,"text":138898},{"id":138904,"depth":106,"text":138905},{"id":138938,"depth":106,"text":139047},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138974,"depth":106,"text":139049},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137500,"description":139051},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139058,"title":139059,"body":139060,"description":141079,"extension":1866,"meta":141080,"navigation":128,"path":141081,"seo":141082,"stem":141083,"__hash__":141084},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139061,"toc":141043},[139062,139067,139072,139075,139086,139088,139143,139148,139153,139160,139162,139177,139179,139235,139237,139275,139280,139282,139306,139309,139322,139327,139329,139361,139363,139396,139402,139407,139410,139420,139423,139425,139481,139483,139533,139536,139544,139547,139603,139605,139678,139691,139699,139703,139714,139717,139720,139773,139775,139807,139810,139864,139866,139901,139904,139909,139914,139919,139922,139924,139982,139984,140018,140020,140035,140038,140040,140082,140084,140110,140115,140123,140126,140128,140210,140212,140263,140266,140277,140285,140287,140360,140362,140380,140384,140387,140391,140418,140420,140428,140432,140467,140469,140482,140486,140489,140528,140530,140547,140552,140557,140568,140571,140582,140584,140586,140612,140615,140664,140666,140683,140686,140688,140740,140742,140774,140777,140835,140840,140842,140847,140950,140952,140966,140968,140975,140980,140985,140990,140995,141000,141003,141007,141012,141014,141040],[10,139063,13,139065,18],{"id":139064},"python-string-split-method",[15,139066,830],{},[20,139068,22,139069,139071],{},[15,139070,830],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139073,139074],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[194,139076,139077,139080,139083],{},[197,139078,139079],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[197,139081,139082],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[197,139084,139085],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[181,139087,1907],{"id":1906},[40,139089,139091],{"className":42,"code":139090,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139092,139093,139106,139128,139138],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139094,139095,139097,139099,139101,139104],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139096,56],{"class":55},[49,139098,60],{"class":59},[49,139100,64],{"class":63},[49,139102,139103],{"class":67},"apple,banana,cherry",[49,139105,71],{"class":63},[49,139107,139108,139110,139112,139114,139116,139118,139120,139122,139124,139126],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139109,42737],{"class":55},[49,139111,60],{"class":59},[49,139113,82],{"class":55},[49,139115,32],{"class":85},[49,139117,34377],{"class":88},[49,139119,92],{"class":85},[49,139121,95],{"class":63},[49,139123,341],{"class":67},[49,139125,95],{"class":63},[49,139127,103],{"class":85},[49,139129,139130,139132,139134,139136],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,139131,110],{"class":109},[49,139133,92],{"class":85},[49,139135,42768],{"class":88},[49,139137,103],{"class":85},[49,139139,139140],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,139141,139142],{"class":121},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139144,35,139145,139147],{},[15,139146,830],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[181,139149,184,139151,187],{"id":139150},"what-split-does",[15,139152,830],{},[20,139154,139155,132113,139157,32],{},[15,139156,830],{},[666,139158,139159],{},"string method",[20,139161,48827],{},[194,139163,139164,139167,139172],{},[197,139165,139166],{},"divides a string into parts",[197,139168,119530,139169],{},[666,139170,139171],{},"new list of strings",[197,139173,119536,139174,139176],{},[666,139175,4536],{}," change the original string",[20,139178,214],{},[40,139180,139182],{"className":42,"code":139181,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139183,139184,139197,139211,139215,139225],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139185,139186,139188,139190,139192,139195],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139187,56],{"class":55},[49,139189,60],{"class":59},[49,139191,64],{"class":63},[49,139193,139194],{"class":67},"red blue green",[49,139196,71],{"class":63},[49,139198,139199,139201,139203,139205,139207,139209],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139200,42737],{"class":55},[49,139202,60],{"class":59},[49,139204,82],{"class":55},[49,139206,32],{"class":85},[49,139208,34377],{"class":88},[49,139210,8548],{"class":85},[49,139212,139213],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,139214,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,139216,139217,139219,139221,139223],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,139218,110],{"class":109},[49,139220,92],{"class":85},[49,139222,245],{"class":88},[49,139224,103],{"class":85},[49,139226,139227,139229,139231,139233],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,139228,110],{"class":109},[49,139230,92],{"class":85},[49,139232,42768],{"class":88},[49,139234,103],{"class":85},[20,139236,1974],{},[40,139238,139240],{"className":42,"code":139239,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139241,139242,139247],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139243,139244],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139245,139246],{"class":55},"red blue green\n",[49,139248,139249,139251,139253,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269,139271,139273],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139250,1256],{"class":85},[49,139252,1573],{"class":63},[49,139254,13001],{"class":67},[49,139256,1573],{"class":63},[49,139258,341],{"class":85},[49,139260,3202],{"class":63},[49,139262,13018],{"class":67},[49,139264,1573],{"class":63},[49,139266,341],{"class":85},[49,139268,3202],{"class":63},[49,139270,17365],{"class":67},[49,139272,1573],{"class":63},[49,139274,1244],{"class":85},[20,139276,139277,139278,32],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[820,139279,124968],{"href":50875},[181,139281,316],{"id":315},[40,139283,139285],{"className":42,"code":139284,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139286,139287],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139288,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297,139299,139301,139304],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139290,329],{"class":55},[49,139292,32],{"class":85},[49,139294,34377],{"class":88},[49,139296,92],{"class":85},[49,139298,133469],{"class":88},[49,139300,341],{"class":85},[49,139302,139303],{"class":88}," maxsplit",[49,139305,103],{"class":85},[20,139307,139308],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[194,139310,139311,139316],{},[197,139312,139313,139315],{},[15,139314,133469],{}," tells Python where to split",[197,139317,139318,139321],{},[15,139319,139320],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139323,8780,139324,139326],{},[15,139325,133469],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139328,214],{},[40,139330,139332],{"className":42,"code":139331,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139333,139334,139347],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139335,139336,139338,139340,139342,139345],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139337,56],{"class":55},[49,139339,60],{"class":59},[49,139341,64],{"class":63},[49,139343,139344],{"class":67},"one two three",[49,139346,71],{"class":63},[49,139348,139349,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139350,110],{"class":109},[49,139352,92],{"class":85},[49,139354,245],{"class":88},[49,139356,32],{"class":85},[49,139358,34377],{"class":88},[49,139360,7100],{"class":85},[20,139362,1974],{},[40,139364,139366],{"className":42,"code":139365,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139367,139368],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139369,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139371,1256],{"class":85},[49,139373,1573],{"class":63},[49,139375,6491],{"class":67},[49,139377,1573],{"class":63},[49,139379,341],{"class":85},[49,139381,3202],{"class":63},[49,139383,710],{"class":67},[49,139385,1573],{"class":63},[49,139387,341],{"class":85},[49,139389,3202],{"class":63},[49,139391,133951],{"class":67},[49,139393,1573],{"class":63},[49,139395,1244],{"class":85},[181,139397,644,139399,139401],{"id":139398},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139400,830],{}," with no separator",[20,139403,70055,139404,139406],{},[15,139405,830],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139408,139409],{},"Whitespace includes:",[194,139411,139412,139414,139417],{},[197,139413,10359],{},[197,139415,139416],{},"tabs",[197,139418,139419],{},"new lines",[20,139421,139422],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139424,214],{},[40,139426,139428],{"className":42,"code":139427,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139429,139430,139453,139467,139471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139431,139432,139434,139436,139438,139441,139444,139446,139448,139451],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139433,56],{"class":55},[49,139435,60],{"class":59},[49,139437,64],{"class":63},[49,139439,139440],{"class":67},"Python   is",[49,139442,139443],{"class":34361},"\\t",[49,139445,133205],{"class":67},[49,139447,87029],{"class":34361},[49,139449,139450],{"class":67},"and useful",[49,139452,71],{"class":63},[49,139454,139455,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139456,42737],{"class":55},[49,139458,60],{"class":59},[49,139460,82],{"class":55},[49,139462,32],{"class":85},[49,139464,34377],{"class":88},[49,139466,8548],{"class":85},[49,139468,139469],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,139470,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,139472,139473,139475,139477,139479],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,139474,110],{"class":109},[49,139476,92],{"class":85},[49,139478,42768],{"class":88},[49,139480,103],{"class":85},[20,139482,1974],{},[40,139484,139486],{"className":42,"code":139485,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139487,139488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139489,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510,139512,139514,139516,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139529,139531],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139491,1256],{"class":85},[49,139493,1573],{"class":63},[49,139495,7203],{"class":67},[49,139497,1573],{"class":63},[49,139499,341],{"class":85},[49,139501,3202],{"class":63},[49,139503,12101],{"class":67},[49,139505,1573],{"class":63},[49,139507,341],{"class":85},[49,139509,3202],{"class":63},[49,139511,133205],{"class":67},[49,139513,1573],{"class":63},[49,139515,341],{"class":85},[49,139517,3202],{"class":63},[49,139519,129830],{"class":67},[49,139521,1573],{"class":63},[49,139523,341],{"class":85},[49,139525,3202],{"class":63},[49,139527,139528],{"class":67},"useful",[49,139530,1573],{"class":63},[49,139532,1244],{"class":85},[20,139534,139535],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[353,139537,139539,983,139541],{"id":139538},"split-vs-split",[15,139540,830],{},[15,139542,139543],{},"split(' ')",[20,139545,139546],{},"These are not the same.",[40,139548,139550],{"className":42,"code":139549,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139551,139552,139565,139569,139583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139553,139554,139556,139558,139560,139563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139555,56],{"class":55},[49,139557,60],{"class":59},[49,139559,64],{"class":63},[49,139561,139562],{"class":67},"a  b   c",[49,139564,71],{"class":63},[49,139566,139567],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139568,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,139570,139571,139573,139575,139577,139579,139581],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,139572,110],{"class":109},[49,139574,92],{"class":85},[49,139576,245],{"class":88},[49,139578,32],{"class":85},[49,139580,34377],{"class":88},[49,139582,7100],{"class":85},[49,139584,139585,139587,139589,139591,139593,139595,139597,139599,139601],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,139586,110],{"class":109},[49,139588,92],{"class":85},[49,139590,245],{"class":88},[49,139592,32],{"class":85},[49,139594,34377],{"class":88},[49,139596,92],{"class":85},[49,139598,95],{"class":63},[49,139600,64],{"class":63},[49,139602,1581],{"class":85},[20,139604,1974],{},[40,139606,139608],{"className":42,"code":139607,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139609,139610,139638],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139611,139612,139614,139616,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139613,1256],{"class":85},[49,139615,1573],{"class":63},[49,139617,820],{"class":67},[49,139619,1573],{"class":63},[49,139621,341],{"class":85},[49,139623,3202],{"class":63},[49,139625,4667],{"class":67},[49,139627,1573],{"class":63},[49,139629,341],{"class":85},[49,139631,3202],{"class":63},[49,139633,9646],{"class":67},[49,139635,1573],{"class":63},[49,139637,1244],{"class":85},[49,139639,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654,139656,139658,139660,139662,139664,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674,139676],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139641,1256],{"class":85},[49,139643,1573],{"class":63},[49,139645,820],{"class":67},[49,139647,1573],{"class":63},[49,139649,341],{"class":85},[49,139651,3744],{"class":63},[49,139653,341],{"class":85},[49,139655,3202],{"class":63},[49,139657,4667],{"class":67},[49,139659,1573],{"class":63},[49,139661,341],{"class":85},[49,139663,3744],{"class":63},[49,139665,341],{"class":85},[49,139667,3744],{"class":63},[49,139669,341],{"class":85},[49,139671,3202],{"class":63},[49,139673,9646],{"class":67},[49,139675,1573],{"class":63},[49,139677,1244],{"class":85},[194,139679,139680,139685],{},[197,139681,139682,139684],{},[15,139683,830],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[197,139686,139687,139690],{},[15,139688,139689],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139692,139693,139694,139698],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[820,139695,1782,139696,1785],{"href":136635},[15,139697,41554],{}," is often useful.",[181,139700,139702],{"id":139701},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139704,139705,139706,2091,139709,2095,139711,32],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139707,139708],{},"\",\"",[15,139710,133304],{},[15,139712,139713],{},"\"::\"",[20,139715,139716],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139718,139719],{},"Example with commas:",[40,139721,139723],{"className":42,"code":139722,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139724,139725,139737,139759,139763],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139726,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139728,56],{"class":55},[49,139730,60],{"class":59},[49,139732,64],{"class":63},[49,139734,139103],{"class":67},[49,139736,71],{"class":63},[49,139738,139739,139741,139743,139745,139747,139749,139751,139753,139755,139757],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139740,42737],{"class":55},[49,139742,60],{"class":59},[49,139744,82],{"class":55},[49,139746,32],{"class":85},[49,139748,34377],{"class":88},[49,139750,92],{"class":85},[49,139752,95],{"class":63},[49,139754,341],{"class":67},[49,139756,95],{"class":63},[49,139758,103],{"class":85},[49,139760,139761],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,139762,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,139764,139765,139767,139769,139771],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,139766,110],{"class":109},[49,139768,92],{"class":85},[49,139770,42768],{"class":88},[49,139772,103],{"class":85},[20,139774,1974],{},[40,139776,139777],{"className":42,"code":78327,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,139778,139779],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139780,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139782,1256],{"class":85},[49,139784,1573],{"class":63},[49,139786,3985],{"class":67},[49,139788,1573],{"class":63},[49,139790,341],{"class":85},[49,139792,3202],{"class":63},[49,139794,230],{"class":67},[49,139796,1573],{"class":63},[49,139798,341],{"class":85},[49,139800,3202],{"class":63},[49,139802,4002],{"class":67},[49,139804,1573],{"class":63},[49,139806,1244],{"class":85},[20,139808,139809],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[40,139811,139813],{"className":42,"code":139812,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139814,139815,139828,139850,139854],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139816,139817,139819,139821,139823,139826],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139818,56],{"class":55},[49,139820,60],{"class":59},[49,139822,64],{"class":63},[49,139824,139825],{"class":67},"2024::10::31",[49,139827,71],{"class":63},[49,139829,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840,139842,139844,139846,139848],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139831,42737],{"class":55},[49,139833,60],{"class":59},[49,139835,82],{"class":55},[49,139837,32],{"class":85},[49,139839,34377],{"class":88},[49,139841,92],{"class":85},[49,139843,95],{"class":63},[49,139845,76544],{"class":67},[49,139847,95],{"class":63},[49,139849,103],{"class":85},[49,139851,139852],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,139853,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,139855,139856,139858,139860,139862],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,139857,110],{"class":109},[49,139859,92],{"class":85},[49,139861,42768],{"class":88},[49,139863,103],{"class":85},[20,139865,1974],{},[40,139867,139869],{"className":42,"code":139868,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139870,139871],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139872,139873,139875,139877,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139897,139899],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139874,1256],{"class":85},[49,139876,1573],{"class":63},[49,139878,139879],{"class":67},"2024",[49,139881,1573],{"class":63},[49,139883,341],{"class":85},[49,139885,3202],{"class":63},[49,139887,2233],{"class":67},[49,139889,1573],{"class":63},[49,139891,341],{"class":85},[49,139893,3202],{"class":63},[49,139895,139896],{"class":67},"31",[49,139898,1573],{"class":63},[49,139900,1244],{"class":85},[20,139902,139903],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139905,139906,139907,32],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[820,139908,823],{"href":822},[181,139910,644,139912],{"id":139911},"using-maxsplit",[15,139913,139320],{},[20,139915,139916,139918],{},[15,139917,139320],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139920,139921],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139923,214],{},[40,139925,139927],{"className":42,"code":139926,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139928,139929,139942,139968,139972],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139930,139931,139933,139935,139937,139940],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139932,56],{"class":55},[49,139934,60],{"class":59},[49,139936,64],{"class":63},[49,139938,139939],{"class":67},"name:age:city:country",[49,139941,71],{"class":63},[49,139943,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,139945,42737],{"class":55},[49,139947,60],{"class":59},[49,139949,82],{"class":55},[49,139951,32],{"class":85},[49,139953,34377],{"class":88},[49,139955,92],{"class":85},[49,139957,95],{"class":63},[49,139959,1197],{"class":67},[49,139961,95],{"class":63},[49,139963,341],{"class":85},[49,139965,2896],{"class":458},[49,139967,103],{"class":85},[49,139969,139970],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,139971,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,139973,139974,139976,139978,139980],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,139975,110],{"class":109},[49,139977,92],{"class":85},[49,139979,42768],{"class":88},[49,139981,103],{"class":85},[20,139983,1974],{},[40,139985,139987],{"className":42,"code":139986,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139988,139989],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,139990,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140014,140016],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,139992,1256],{"class":85},[49,139994,1573],{"class":63},[49,139996,7575],{"class":67},[49,139998,1573],{"class":63},[49,140000,341],{"class":85},[49,140002,3202],{"class":63},[49,140004,9205],{"class":67},[49,140006,1573],{"class":63},[49,140008,341],{"class":85},[49,140010,3202],{"class":63},[49,140012,140013],{"class":67},"city:country",[49,140015,1573],{"class":63},[49,140017,1244],{"class":85},[20,140019,2080],{},[194,140021,140022,140027,140032],{},[197,140023,140024,140025],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140026,1197],{},[197,140028,140029,140030],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140031,1197],{},[197,140033,140034],{},"then stops",[20,140036,140037],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140039,51979],{},[40,140041,140043],{"className":42,"code":140042,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140044,140045,140058],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140046,140047,140049,140051,140053,140056],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140048,56],{"class":55},[49,140050,60],{"class":59},[49,140052,64],{"class":63},[49,140054,140055],{"class":67},"apple banana cherry grape",[49,140057,71],{"class":63},[49,140059,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140061,110],{"class":109},[49,140063,92],{"class":85},[49,140065,245],{"class":88},[49,140067,32],{"class":85},[49,140069,34377],{"class":88},[49,140071,92],{"class":85},[49,140073,95],{"class":63},[49,140075,64],{"class":63},[49,140077,341],{"class":85},[49,140079,1264],{"class":458},[49,140081,1581],{"class":85},[20,140083,1974],{},[40,140085,140087],{"className":42,"code":140086,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140088,140089],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140090,140091,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140106,140108],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140092,1256],{"class":85},[49,140094,1573],{"class":63},[49,140096,3985],{"class":67},[49,140098,1573],{"class":63},[49,140100,341],{"class":85},[49,140102,3202],{"class":63},[49,140104,140105],{"class":67},"banana cherry grape",[49,140107,1573],{"class":63},[49,140109,1244],{"class":85},[181,140111,184,140113,11612],{"id":140112},"what-split-returns",[15,140114,830],{},[20,140116,140117,140118,140120,140121,32],{},"The result of ",[15,140119,830],{}," is always a ",[666,140122,8002],{},[20,140124,140125],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140127,214],{},[40,140129,140131],{"className":42,"code":140130,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140132,140133,140146,140168,140172,140182,140196],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140134,140135,140137,140139,140141,140144],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140136,56],{"class":55},[49,140138,60],{"class":59},[49,140140,64],{"class":63},[49,140142,140143],{"class":67},"cat,dog,bird",[49,140145,71],{"class":63},[49,140147,140148,140150,140152,140154,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164,140166],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140149,42737],{"class":55},[49,140151,60],{"class":59},[49,140153,82],{"class":55},[49,140155,32],{"class":85},[49,140157,34377],{"class":88},[49,140159,92],{"class":85},[49,140161,95],{"class":63},[49,140163,341],{"class":67},[49,140165,95],{"class":63},[49,140167,103],{"class":85},[49,140169,140170],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,140171,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,140173,140174,140176,140178,140180],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,140175,110],{"class":109},[49,140177,92],{"class":85},[49,140179,42768],{"class":88},[49,140181,103],{"class":85},[49,140183,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,140185,110],{"class":109},[49,140187,92],{"class":85},[49,140189,3127],{"class":2804},[49,140191,92],{"class":85},[49,140193,42768],{"class":88},[49,140195,1581],{"class":85},[49,140197,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,140199,110],{"class":109},[49,140201,92],{"class":85},[49,140203,42768],{"class":88},[49,140205,1256],{"class":85},[49,140207,516],{"class":458},[49,140209,3794],{"class":85},[20,140211,1974],{},[40,140213,140215],{"className":42,"code":140214,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140216,140217,140245,140259],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140218,140219,140221,140223,140225,140227,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140220,1256],{"class":85},[49,140222,1573],{"class":63},[49,140224,36952],{"class":67},[49,140226,1573],{"class":63},[49,140228,341],{"class":85},[49,140230,3202],{"class":63},[49,140232,58023],{"class":67},[49,140234,1573],{"class":63},[49,140236,341],{"class":85},[49,140238,3202],{"class":63},[49,140240,58040],{"class":67},[49,140242,1573],{"class":63},[49,140244,1244],{"class":85},[49,140246,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255,140257],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140248,3196],{"class":59},[49,140250,3199],{"class":1968},[49,140252,3202],{"class":63},[49,140254,8002],{"class":67},[49,140256,1573],{"class":63},[49,140258,3209],{"class":59},[49,140260,140261],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,140262,85345],{"class":55},[20,140264,140265],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[194,140267,140268,140271,140274],{},[197,140269,140270],{},"loop over it",[197,140272,140273],{},"access items by index",[197,140275,140276],{},"combine items again later",[20,140278,140279,140280,32],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[820,140281,1782,140283,1785],{"href":140282},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140284,133147],{},[20,140286,214],{},[40,140288,140290],{"className":42,"code":140289,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140291,140292,140324,140346,140350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140293,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304,140306,140308,140310,140312,140314,140316,140318,140320,140322],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140295,42737],{"class":55},[49,140297,60],{"class":59},[49,140299,3530],{"class":85},[49,140301,1573],{"class":63},[49,140303,36952],{"class":67},[49,140305,1573],{"class":63},[49,140307,341],{"class":85},[49,140309,3202],{"class":63},[49,140311,58023],{"class":67},[49,140313,1573],{"class":63},[49,140315,341],{"class":85},[49,140317,3202],{"class":63},[49,140319,58040],{"class":67},[49,140321,1573],{"class":63},[49,140323,1244],{"class":85},[49,140325,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140327,56],{"class":55},[49,140329,60],{"class":59},[49,140331,64],{"class":63},[49,140333,1926],{"class":67},[49,140335,95],{"class":63},[49,140337,32],{"class":85},[49,140339,133224],{"class":88},[49,140341,92],{"class":85},[49,140343,42768],{"class":88},[49,140345,103],{"class":85},[49,140347,140348],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,140349,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,140351,140352,140354,140356,140358],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,140353,110],{"class":109},[49,140355,92],{"class":85},[49,140357,245],{"class":88},[49,140359,103],{"class":85},[20,140361,1974],{},[40,140363,140365],{"className":42,"code":140364,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140366,140367],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140368,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140370,36952],{"class":55},[49,140372,1926],{"class":59},[49,140374,58023],{"class":55},[49,140376,1926],{"class":59},[49,140378,140379],{"class":55},"bird\n",[181,140381,140383],{"id":140382},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140385,140386],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[353,140388,140390],{"id":140389},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[40,140392,140394],{"className":42,"code":140393,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140395,140396,140404],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140397,140398,140400,140402],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140399,56],{"class":55},[49,140401,60],{"class":59},[49,140403,7790],{"class":63},[49,140405,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140407,110],{"class":109},[49,140409,92],{"class":85},[49,140411,245],{"class":88},[49,140413,32],{"class":85},[49,140415,34377],{"class":88},[49,140417,7100],{"class":85},[20,140419,1974],{},[40,140421,140422],{"className":42,"code":38200,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,140423,140424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140425,140426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140427,38200],{"class":85},[353,140429,140431],{"id":140430},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[40,140433,140435],{"className":42,"code":140434,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140436,140437,140445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140438,140439,140441,140443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140440,56],{"class":55},[49,140442,60],{"class":59},[49,140444,7790],{"class":63},[49,140446,140447,140449,140451,140453,140455,140457,140459,140461,140463,140465],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140448,110],{"class":109},[49,140450,92],{"class":85},[49,140452,245],{"class":88},[49,140454,32],{"class":85},[49,140456,34377],{"class":88},[49,140458,92],{"class":85},[49,140460,95],{"class":63},[49,140462,341],{"class":67},[49,140464,95],{"class":63},[49,140466,1581],{"class":85},[20,140468,1974],{},[40,140470,140472],{"className":42,"code":140471,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['']\n",[15,140473,140474],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140475,140476,140478,140480],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140477,1256],{"class":85},[49,140479,3679],{"class":63},[49,140481,1244],{"class":85},[353,140483,140485],{"id":140484},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140487,140488],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[40,140490,140492],{"className":42,"code":140491,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140493,140494,140506],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140495,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140497,56],{"class":55},[49,140499,60],{"class":59},[49,140501,64],{"class":63},[49,140503,917],{"class":67},[49,140505,71],{"class":63},[49,140507,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140509,110],{"class":109},[49,140511,92],{"class":85},[49,140513,245],{"class":88},[49,140515,32],{"class":85},[49,140517,34377],{"class":88},[49,140519,92],{"class":85},[49,140521,95],{"class":63},[49,140523,341],{"class":67},[49,140525,95],{"class":63},[49,140527,1581],{"class":85},[20,140529,1974],{},[40,140531,140533],{"className":42,"code":140532,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"['hello']\n",[15,140534,140535],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140536,140537,140539,140541,140543,140545],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140538,1256],{"class":85},[49,140540,1573],{"class":63},[49,140542,917],{"class":67},[49,140544,1573],{"class":63},[49,140546,1244],{"class":85},[181,140548,4868,140550],{"id":140549},"when-to-use-split",[15,140551,830],{},[20,140553,35,140554,140556],{},[15,140555,830],{}," when you need to:",[194,140558,140559,140562,140565],{},[197,140560,140561],{},"split a sentence into words",[197,140563,140564],{},"split comma-separated values",[197,140566,140567],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140569,140570],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[194,140572,140573,140576,140579],{},[197,140574,140575],{},"cleaning text",[197,140577,140578],{},"parsing user input",[197,140580,140581],{},"processing simple file content",[181,140583,1308],{"id":1307},[20,140585,84116],{},[194,140587,140588,140592,140598,140601,140609],{},[197,140589,50406,140590,131285],{},[15,140591,830],{},[197,140593,140594,140595,140597],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140596,830],{}," returns a list, not a string",[197,140599,140600],{},"using the wrong separator",[197,140602,140603,140604,140606,140607],{},"assuming ",[15,140605,139543],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140608,830],{},[197,140610,140611],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140613,140614],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[40,140616,140618],{"className":42,"code":140617,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140619,140620,140632,140650,140654],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140621,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140623,56],{"class":55},[49,140625,60],{"class":59},[49,140627,64],{"class":63},[49,140629,42730],{"class":67},[49,140631,71],{"class":63},[49,140633,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646,140648],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140635,245],{"class":55},[49,140637,32],{"class":85},[49,140639,34377],{"class":88},[49,140641,92],{"class":85},[49,140643,95],{"class":63},[49,140645,341],{"class":67},[49,140647,95],{"class":63},[49,140649,103],{"class":85},[49,140651,140652],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,140653,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,140655,140656,140658,140660,140662],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,140657,110],{"class":109},[49,140659,92],{"class":85},[49,140661,245],{"class":88},[49,140663,103],{"class":85},[20,140665,1974],{},[40,140667,140669],{"className":42,"code":140668,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a,b,c\n",[15,140670,140671],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140672,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140674,820],{"class":55},[49,140676,341],{"class":85},[49,140678,4667],{"class":55},[49,140680,341],{"class":85},[49,140682,69128],{"class":55},[20,140684,140685],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140687,10714],{},[40,140689,140690],{"className":42,"code":42717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,140691,140692,140704,140726,140730],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140693,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140695,56],{"class":55},[49,140697,60],{"class":59},[49,140699,64],{"class":63},[49,140701,42730],{"class":67},[49,140703,71],{"class":63},[49,140705,140706,140708,140710,140712,140714,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140707,42737],{"class":55},[49,140709,60],{"class":59},[49,140711,82],{"class":55},[49,140713,32],{"class":85},[49,140715,34377],{"class":88},[49,140717,92],{"class":85},[49,140719,95],{"class":63},[49,140721,341],{"class":67},[49,140723,95],{"class":63},[49,140725,103],{"class":85},[49,140727,140728],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,140729,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,140731,140732,140734,140736,140738],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,140733,110],{"class":109},[49,140735,92],{"class":85},[49,140737,42768],{"class":88},[49,140739,103],{"class":85},[20,140741,1974],{},[40,140743,140744],{"className":42,"code":42775,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,140745,140746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140747,140748,140750,140752,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770,140772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140749,1256],{"class":85},[49,140751,1573],{"class":63},[49,140753,820],{"class":67},[49,140755,1573],{"class":63},[49,140757,341],{"class":85},[49,140759,3202],{"class":63},[49,140761,4667],{"class":67},[49,140763,1573],{"class":63},[49,140765,341],{"class":85},[49,140767,3202],{"class":63},[49,140769,9646],{"class":67},[49,140771,1573],{"class":63},[49,140773,1244],{"class":85},[20,140775,140776],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[40,140778,140780],{"className":42,"code":140779,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140781,140782,140795,140817,140821],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140783,140784,140786,140788,140790,140793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140785,56],{"class":55},[49,140787,60],{"class":59},[49,140789,64],{"class":63},[49,140791,140792],{"class":67},"apple,banana",[49,140794,71],{"class":63},[49,140796,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811,140813,140815],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140798,42737],{"class":55},[49,140800,60],{"class":59},[49,140802,82],{"class":55},[49,140804,32],{"class":85},[49,140806,34377],{"class":88},[49,140808,92],{"class":85},[49,140810,95],{"class":63},[49,140812,341],{"class":67},[49,140814,95],{"class":63},[49,140816,103],{"class":85},[49,140818,140819],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,140820,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,140822,140823,140825,140827,140829,140831,140833],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,140824,110],{"class":109},[49,140826,92],{"class":85},[49,140828,42768],{"class":88},[49,140830,1256],{"class":85},[49,140832,312],{"class":458},[49,140834,3794],{"class":85},[20,140836,140837,140838,32],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[820,140839,69141],{"href":69140},[353,140841,60601],{"id":60600},[20,140843,8780,140844,140846],{},[15,140845,830],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[40,140848,140850],{"className":42,"code":140849,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140851,140852,140862,140876,140898,140924],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,140853,140854,140856,140858,140860],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,140855,110],{"class":109},[49,140857,92],{"class":85},[49,140859,245],{"class":88},[49,140861,103],{"class":85},[49,140863,140864,140866,140868,140870,140872,140874],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,140865,110],{"class":109},[49,140867,92],{"class":85},[49,140869,245],{"class":88},[49,140871,32],{"class":85},[49,140873,34377],{"class":88},[49,140875,7100],{"class":85},[49,140877,140878,140880,140882,140884,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894,140896],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,140879,110],{"class":109},[49,140881,92],{"class":85},[49,140883,245],{"class":88},[49,140885,32],{"class":85},[49,140887,34377],{"class":88},[49,140889,92],{"class":85},[49,140891,1573],{"class":63},[49,140893,341],{"class":67},[49,140895,1573],{"class":63},[49,140897,1581],{"class":85},[49,140899,140900,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910,140912,140914,140916,140918,140920,140922],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,140901,110],{"class":109},[49,140903,92],{"class":85},[49,140905,1631],{"class":109},[49,140907,92],{"class":85},[49,140909,245],{"class":88},[49,140911,32],{"class":85},[49,140913,34377],{"class":88},[49,140915,92],{"class":85},[49,140917,1573],{"class":63},[49,140919,341],{"class":67},[49,140921,1573],{"class":63},[49,140923,2815],{"class":85},[49,140925,140926,140928,140930,140932,140934,140936,140938,140940,140942,140944,140946,140948],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,140927,110],{"class":109},[49,140929,92],{"class":85},[49,140931,3127],{"class":2804},[49,140933,92],{"class":85},[49,140935,245],{"class":88},[49,140937,32],{"class":85},[49,140939,34377],{"class":88},[49,140941,92],{"class":85},[49,140943,1573],{"class":63},[49,140945,341],{"class":67},[49,140947,1573],{"class":63},[49,140949,2815],{"class":85},[20,140951,11077],{},[194,140953,140954,140957,140960,140963],{},[197,140955,140956],{},"what the original string looks like",[197,140958,140959],{},"which separator works",[197,140961,140962],{},"how many items were created",[197,140964,140965],{},"that the result is a list",[181,140967,1704],{"id":1703},[353,140969,1740,140971,380,140973,2394],{"id":140970},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140972,830],{},[15,140974,139543],{},[20,140976,140977,140979],{},[15,140978,830],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140981,140982,140984],{},[15,140983,139543],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[353,140986,1720,140988,124542],{"id":140987},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140989,830],{},[20,140991,140992,140993,56376],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140994,830],{},[353,140996,5050,140998,39863],{"id":140997},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140999,139320],{},[20,141001,141002],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[353,141004,141006],{"id":141005},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141008,28966,141009,141011],{},[15,141010,830],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[181,141013,1775],{"id":1774},[194,141015,141016,141020,141026,141032,141036],{},[197,141017,141018],{},[820,141019,1825],{"href":822},[197,141021,141022],{},[820,141023,1782,141024,1785],{"href":140282},[15,141025,133147],{},[197,141027,141028],{},[820,141029,1782,141030,1785],{"href":136635},[15,141031,41554],{},[197,141033,141034],{},[820,141035,124968],{"href":50875},[197,141037,141038],{},[820,141039,69141],{"href":69140},[1834,141041,141042],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":141044},[141045,141046,141048,141049,141054,141055,141057,141059,141064,141066,141069,141078],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":139150,"depth":74,"text":141047},"What split() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":139398,"depth":74,"text":141050,"children":141051},"Using split() with no separator",[141052],{"id":139538,"depth":106,"text":141053},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139701,"depth":74,"text":139702},{"id":139911,"depth":74,"text":141056},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140112,"depth":74,"text":141058},"What split() returns",{"id":140382,"depth":74,"text":140383,"children":141060},[141061,141062,141063],{"id":140389,"depth":106,"text":140390},{"id":140430,"depth":106,"text":140431},{"id":140484,"depth":106,"text":140485},{"id":140549,"depth":74,"text":141065},"When to use split()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":141067},[141068],{"id":60600,"depth":106,"text":60601},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":141070},[141071,141073,141075,141077],{"id":140970,"depth":106,"text":141072},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140987,"depth":106,"text":141074},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140997,"depth":106,"text":141076},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141005,"depth":106,"text":141006},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139059,"description":141079},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141086,"title":141087,"body":141088,"description":143031,"extension":1866,"meta":143032,"navigation":128,"path":143033,"seo":143034,"stem":143035,"__hash__":143036},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141089,"toc":142990},[141090,141095,141100,141107,141180,141185,141190,141195,141211,141213,141283,141285,141287,141307,141309,141354,141359,141361,141459,141464,141468,141473,141477,141480,141522,141526,141529,141574,141578,141581,141631,141635,141640,141692,141694,141699,141710,141715,141795,141797,141809,141818,141825,141840,141842,141957,141963,141967,141970,141975,142117,142120,142127,142129,142133,142141,142210,142216,142265,142270,142275,142277,142297,142299,142365,142367,142371,142374,142378,142419,142421,142454,142459,142462,142489,142491,142534,142541,142546,142556,142622,142626,142634,142639,142690,142694,142697,142699,142708,142710,142760,142762,142869,142871,142876,142883,142889,142892,142923,142928,142930,142937,142945,142954,142957,142959,142987],[10,141091,13,141093,18],{"id":141092},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141094,1807],{},[20,141096,22,141097,141099],{},[15,141098,1807],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141101,126277,141102,634,141104,141106],{},[15,141103,633],{},[15,141105,637],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[40,141108,141110],{"className":42,"code":141109,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141111,141112,141125,141129,141154],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141113,141114,141116,141118,141120,141123],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141115,56],{"class":55},[49,141117,60],{"class":59},[49,141119,64],{"class":63},[49,141121,141122],{"class":67},"Python Beginner Help",[49,141124,71],{"class":63},[49,141126,141127],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141128,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,141130,141131,141133,141135,141137,141139,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,141132,110],{"class":109},[49,141134,92],{"class":85},[49,141136,245],{"class":88},[49,141138,32],{"class":85},[49,141140,141141],{"class":88},"startswith",[49,141143,92],{"class":85},[49,141145,95],{"class":63},[49,141147,7203],{"class":67},[49,141149,95],{"class":63},[49,141151,261],{"class":85},[49,141153,43754],{"class":121},[49,141155,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170,141173,141175,141177],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,141157,110],{"class":109},[49,141159,92],{"class":85},[49,141161,245],{"class":88},[49,141163,32],{"class":85},[49,141165,141141],{"class":88},[49,141167,92],{"class":85},[49,141169,95],{"class":63},[49,141171,141172],{"class":67},"Beginner",[49,141174,95],{"class":63},[49,141176,261],{"class":85},[49,141178,141179],{"class":121}," # False\n",[20,141181,35,141182,141184],{},[15,141183,1807],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[181,141186,184,141188,187],{"id":141187},"what-startswith-does",[15,141189,1807],{},[20,141191,141192,141194],{},[15,141193,1807],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[194,141196,141197,141200,141206,141208],{},[197,141198,141199],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[197,141201,1714,141202,634,141204],{},[15,141203,633],{},[15,141205,637],{},[197,141207,123367],{},[197,141209,141210],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141212,214],{},[40,141214,141216],{"className":42,"code":141215,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141217,141218,141230,141234,141259],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141219,141220,141222,141224,141226,141228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141221,7785],{"class":55},[49,141223,60],{"class":59},[49,141225,64],{"class":63},[49,141227,7203],{"class":67},[49,141229,71],{"class":63},[49,141231,141232],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141233,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,141235,141236,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250,141253,141255,141257],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,141237,110],{"class":109},[49,141239,92],{"class":85},[49,141241,7575],{"class":88},[49,141243,32],{"class":85},[49,141245,141141],{"class":88},[49,141247,92],{"class":85},[49,141249,95],{"class":63},[49,141251,141252],{"class":67},"Py",[49,141254,95],{"class":63},[49,141256,261],{"class":85},[49,141258,43754],{"class":121},[49,141260,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,141262,110],{"class":109},[49,141264,92],{"class":85},[49,141266,7575],{"class":88},[49,141268,32],{"class":85},[49,141270,141141],{"class":88},[49,141272,92],{"class":85},[49,141274,95],{"class":63},[49,141276,567],{"class":67},[49,141278,95],{"class":63},[49,141280,261],{"class":85},[49,141282,43771],{"class":121},[181,141284,316],{"id":315},[20,141286,42285],{},[40,141288,141290],{"className":42,"code":141289,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141291,141292],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141293,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141305],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141295,329],{"class":55},[49,141297,32],{"class":85},[49,141299,141141],{"class":88},[49,141301,92],{"class":85},[49,141303,141304],{"class":88},"prefix",[49,141306,103],{"class":85},[20,141308,30670],{},[40,141310,141312],{"className":42,"code":141311,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141313,141314,141332],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141315,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141317,329],{"class":55},[49,141319,32],{"class":85},[49,141321,141141],{"class":88},[49,141323,92],{"class":85},[49,141325,141304],{"class":88},[49,141327,341],{"class":85},[49,141329,344],{"class":88},[49,141331,103],{"class":85},[49,141333,141334,141336,141338,141340,141342,141344,141346,141348,141350,141352],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141335,329],{"class":55},[49,141337,32],{"class":85},[49,141339,141141],{"class":88},[49,141341,92],{"class":85},[49,141343,141304],{"class":88},[49,141345,341],{"class":85},[49,141347,344],{"class":88},[49,141349,341],{"class":85},[49,141351,349],{"class":88},[49,141353,103],{"class":85},[20,141355,305,141356,141358],{},[15,141357,141304],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141360,214],{},[40,141362,141364],{"className":42,"code":141363,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141365,141366,141378,141382,141407,141431],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141367,141368,141370,141372,141374,141376],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141369,56],{"class":55},[49,141371,60],{"class":59},[49,141373,64],{"class":63},[49,141375,68],{"class":67},[49,141377,71],{"class":63},[49,141379,141380],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141381,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,141383,141384,141386,141388,141390,141392,141394,141396,141398,141400,141402,141404],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,141385,110],{"class":109},[49,141387,92],{"class":85},[49,141389,245],{"class":88},[49,141391,32],{"class":85},[49,141393,141141],{"class":88},[49,141395,92],{"class":85},[49,141397,95],{"class":63},[49,141399,917],{"class":67},[49,141401,95],{"class":63},[49,141403,261],{"class":85},[49,141405,141406],{"class":121},"      # True\n",[49,141408,141409,141411,141413,141415,141417,141419,141421,141423,141425,141427,141429],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,141410,110],{"class":109},[49,141412,92],{"class":85},[49,141414,245],{"class":88},[49,141416,32],{"class":85},[49,141418,141141],{"class":88},[49,141420,92],{"class":85},[49,141422,95],{"class":63},[49,141424,98],{"class":67},[49,141426,95],{"class":63},[49,141428,261],{"class":85},[49,141430,21110],{"class":121},[49,141432,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,141434,110],{"class":109},[49,141436,92],{"class":85},[49,141438,245],{"class":88},[49,141440,32],{"class":85},[49,141442,141141],{"class":88},[49,141444,92],{"class":85},[49,141446,95],{"class":63},[49,141448,98],{"class":67},[49,141450,95],{"class":63},[49,141452,341],{"class":85},[49,141454,37548],{"class":458},[49,141456,261],{"class":85},[49,141458,43754],{"class":121},[20,141460,141461,141462,32],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[820,141463,124968],{"href":50875},[181,141465,141467],{"id":141466},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141469,141470,141472],{},[15,141471,1807],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[353,141474,141475],{"id":141304},[15,141476,141304],{},[20,141478,141479],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[40,141481,141483],{"className":42,"code":141482,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141484,141485,141497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141486,141487,141489,141491,141493,141495],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141488,56],{"class":55},[49,141490,60],{"class":59},[49,141492,64],{"class":63},[49,141494,230],{"class":67},[49,141496,71],{"class":63},[49,141498,141499,141501,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141516,141518,141520],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141500,110],{"class":109},[49,141502,92],{"class":85},[49,141504,245],{"class":88},[49,141506,32],{"class":85},[49,141508,141141],{"class":88},[49,141510,92],{"class":85},[49,141512,95],{"class":63},[49,141514,141515],{"class":67},"ban",[49,141517,95],{"class":63},[49,141519,261],{"class":85},[49,141521,3571],{"class":121},[353,141523,141524],{"id":368},[15,141525,368],{},[20,141527,141528],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[40,141530,141532],{"className":42,"code":141531,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141533,141534,141546],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141535,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141537,56],{"class":55},[49,141539,60],{"class":59},[49,141541,64],{"class":63},[49,141543,68],{"class":67},[49,141545,71],{"class":63},[49,141547,141548,141550,141552,141554,141556,141558,141560,141562,141564,141566,141568,141570,141572],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141549,110],{"class":109},[49,141551,92],{"class":85},[49,141553,245],{"class":88},[49,141555,32],{"class":85},[49,141557,141141],{"class":88},[49,141559,92],{"class":85},[49,141561,95],{"class":63},[49,141563,98],{"class":67},[49,141565,95],{"class":63},[49,141567,341],{"class":85},[49,141569,37548],{"class":458},[49,141571,261],{"class":85},[49,141573,3571],{"class":121},[353,141575,141576],{"id":374},[15,141577,374],{},[20,141579,141580],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[40,141582,141584],{"className":42,"code":141583,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141585,141586,141598],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141587,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141589,56],{"class":55},[49,141591,60],{"class":59},[49,141593,64],{"class":63},[49,141595,68],{"class":67},[49,141597,71],{"class":63},[49,141599,141600,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141617,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141601,110],{"class":109},[49,141603,92],{"class":85},[49,141605,245],{"class":88},[49,141607,32],{"class":85},[49,141609,141141],{"class":88},[49,141611,92],{"class":85},[49,141613,95],{"class":63},[49,141615,141616],{"class":67},"wor",[49,141618,95],{"class":63},[49,141620,341],{"class":85},[49,141622,37548],{"class":458},[49,141624,341],{"class":85},[49,141626,54034],{"class":458},[49,141628,261],{"class":85},[49,141630,3571],{"class":121},[353,141632,141634],{"id":141633},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141636,141637,141639],{},[15,141638,141304],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[40,141641,141643],{"className":42,"code":141642,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141644,141645,141658],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141646,141647,141649,141651,141653,141656],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141648,126294],{"class":55},[49,141650,60],{"class":59},[49,141652,64],{"class":63},[49,141654,141655],{"class":67},"img_001.png",[49,141657,71],{"class":63},[49,141659,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668,141670,141672,141674,141677,141679,141681,141683,141686,141688,141690],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141661,110],{"class":109},[49,141663,92],{"class":85},[49,141665,126312],{"class":88},[49,141667,32],{"class":85},[49,141669,141141],{"class":88},[49,141671,5417],{"class":85},[49,141673,95],{"class":63},[49,141675,141676],{"class":67},"img_",[49,141678,95],{"class":63},[49,141680,341],{"class":85},[49,141682,64],{"class":63},[49,141684,141685],{"class":67},"photo_",[49,141687,95],{"class":63},[49,141689,50991],{"class":85},[49,141691,3571],{"class":121},[181,141693,17328],{"id":17327},[20,141695,141696,141698],{},[15,141697,1807],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[194,141700,141701,141706],{},[197,141702,141703,141705],{},[15,141704,633],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[197,141707,141708,126894],{},[15,141709,637],{},[20,141711,141712,141713,7078],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141714,1211],{},[40,141716,141718],{"className":42,"code":141717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141719,141720,141734,141738,141759,141774,141780],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141721,141722,141725,141727,141729,141732],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141723,141724],{"class":55},"command ",[49,141726,60],{"class":59},[49,141728,64],{"class":63},[49,141730,141731],{"class":67},"\u002Fhelp",[49,141733,71],{"class":63},[49,141735,141736],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141737,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,141739,141740,141742,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,141741,1211],{"class":1210},[49,141743,141744],{"class":55}," command",[49,141746,32],{"class":85},[49,141748,141141],{"class":88},[49,141750,92],{"class":85},[49,141752,95],{"class":63},[49,141754,127101],{"class":67},[49,141756,95],{"class":63},[49,141758,1396],{"class":85},[49,141760,141761,141763,141765,141767,141770,141772],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,141762,1273],{"class":109},[49,141764,92],{"class":85},[49,141766,95],{"class":63},[49,141768,141769],{"class":67},"This looks like a command.",[49,141771,95],{"class":63},[49,141773,103],{"class":85},[49,141775,141776,141778],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,141777,1416],{"class":1210},[49,141779,1226],{"class":85},[49,141781,141782,141784,141786,141788,141791,141793],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,141783,1273],{"class":109},[49,141785,92],{"class":85},[49,141787,95],{"class":63},[49,141789,141790],{"class":67},"This is normal text.",[49,141792,95],{"class":63},[49,141794,103],{"class":85},[20,141796,1974],{},[40,141798,141800],{"className":42,"code":141799,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141801,141802],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141803,141804,141807],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141805,141806],{"class":55},"This looks like a command",[49,141808,122260],{"class":85},[181,141810,644,141812,1342,141814,380,141816],{"id":141811},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141813,1807],{},[15,141815,368],{},[15,141817,374],{},[20,141819,661,141820,380,141822,141824],{},[15,141821,368],{},[15,141823,374],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[194,141826,141827,141832,141837],{},[197,141828,141829,141831],{},[15,141830,368],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[197,141833,141834,141836],{},[15,141835,374],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[197,141838,141839],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141841,214],{},[40,141843,141845],{"className":42,"code":141844,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141846,141847,141859,141863,141892,141925],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141848,141849,141851,141853,141855,141857],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141850,56],{"class":55},[49,141852,60],{"class":59},[49,141854,64],{"class":63},[49,141856,139344],{"class":67},[49,141858,71],{"class":63},[49,141860,141861],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141862,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,141864,141865,141867,141869,141871,141873,141875,141877,141879,141881,141883,141885,141887,141889],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,141866,110],{"class":109},[49,141868,92],{"class":85},[49,141870,245],{"class":88},[49,141872,32],{"class":85},[49,141874,141141],{"class":88},[49,141876,92],{"class":85},[49,141878,95],{"class":63},[49,141880,710],{"class":67},[49,141882,95],{"class":63},[49,141884,341],{"class":85},[49,141886,808],{"class":458},[49,141888,261],{"class":85},[49,141890,141891],{"class":121},"        # True\n",[49,141893,141894,141896,141898,141900,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141921,141923],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,141895,110],{"class":109},[49,141897,92],{"class":85},[49,141899,245],{"class":88},[49,141901,32],{"class":85},[49,141903,141141],{"class":88},[49,141905,92],{"class":85},[49,141907,95],{"class":63},[49,141909,133951],{"class":67},[49,141911,95],{"class":63},[49,141913,341],{"class":85},[49,141915,6267],{"class":458},[49,141917,341],{"class":85},[49,141919,141920],{"class":458}," 13",[49,141922,261],{"class":85},[49,141924,3571],{"class":121},[49,141926,141927,141929,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951,141953,141955],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,141928,110],{"class":109},[49,141930,92],{"class":85},[49,141932,245],{"class":88},[49,141934,32],{"class":85},[49,141936,141141],{"class":88},[49,141938,92],{"class":85},[49,141940,95],{"class":63},[49,141942,133951],{"class":67},[49,141944,95],{"class":63},[49,141946,341],{"class":85},[49,141948,6267],{"class":458},[49,141950,341],{"class":85},[49,141952,30849],{"class":458},[49,141954,261],{"class":85},[49,141956,4678],{"class":121},[20,141958,141959,141960,141962],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141961,374],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[181,141964,141966],{"id":141965},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141968,141969],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141971,141972,141973,49248],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141974,40739],{},[40,141976,141978],{"className":42,"code":141977,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141979,141980,141994,142008,142022,142026,142050,142054,142075,142096],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,141981,141982,141985,141987,141989,141992],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,141983,141984],{"class":55},"filename1 ",[49,141986,60],{"class":59},[49,141988,64],{"class":63},[49,141990,141991],{"class":67},"img_101.jpg",[49,141993,71],{"class":63},[49,141995,141996,141999,142001,142003,142006],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,141997,141998],{"class":55},"filename2 ",[49,142000,60],{"class":59},[49,142002,64],{"class":63},[49,142004,142005],{"class":67},"photo_202.jpg",[49,142007,71],{"class":63},[49,142009,142010,142013,142015,142017,142020],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,142011,142012],{"class":55},"filename3 ",[49,142014,60],{"class":59},[49,142016,64],{"class":63},[49,142018,142019],{"class":67},"doc_303.jpg",[49,142021,71],{"class":63},[49,142023,142024],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,142025,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,142027,142028,142030,142032,142034,142036,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,142029,127502],{"class":55},[49,142031,60],{"class":59},[49,142033,9142],{"class":85},[49,142035,95],{"class":63},[49,142037,141676],{"class":67},[49,142039,95],{"class":63},[49,142041,341],{"class":85},[49,142043,64],{"class":63},[49,142045,141685],{"class":67},[49,142047,95],{"class":63},[49,142049,103],{"class":85},[49,142051,142052],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,142053,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,142055,142056,142058,142060,142063,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,142057,110],{"class":109},[49,142059,92],{"class":85},[49,142061,142062],{"class":88},"filename1",[49,142064,32],{"class":85},[49,142066,141141],{"class":88},[49,142068,92],{"class":85},[49,142070,127554],{"class":88},[49,142072,261],{"class":85},[49,142074,3571],{"class":121},[49,142076,142077,142079,142081,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,142078,110],{"class":109},[49,142080,92],{"class":85},[49,142082,142083],{"class":88},"filename2",[49,142085,32],{"class":85},[49,142087,141141],{"class":88},[49,142089,92],{"class":85},[49,142091,127554],{"class":88},[49,142093,261],{"class":85},[49,142095,3571],{"class":121},[49,142097,142098,142100,142102,142105,142107,142109,142111,142113,142115],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,142099,110],{"class":109},[49,142101,92],{"class":85},[49,142103,142104],{"class":88},"filename3",[49,142106,32],{"class":85},[49,142108,141141],{"class":88},[49,142110,92],{"class":85},[49,142112,127554],{"class":88},[49,142114,261],{"class":85},[49,142116,4678],{"class":121},[20,142118,142119],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142121,74651,142122,142126],{},[820,142123,1782,142124,1785],{"href":1812},[15,142125,1815],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[181,142128,835],{"id":834},[20,142130,142131,840],{},[15,142132,1807],{},[20,142134,843,142135,380,142138,127259],{},[15,142136,142137],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142139,142140],{},"\"python\"",[40,142142,142144],{"className":42,"code":142143,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142145,142146,142158,142162,142186],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142147,142148,142150,142152,142154,142156],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142149,56],{"class":55},[49,142151,60],{"class":59},[49,142153,64],{"class":63},[49,142155,7203],{"class":67},[49,142157,71],{"class":63},[49,142159,142160],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142161,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,142163,142164,142166,142168,142170,142172,142174,142176,142178,142180,142182,142184],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,142165,110],{"class":109},[49,142167,92],{"class":85},[49,142169,245],{"class":88},[49,142171,32],{"class":85},[49,142173,141141],{"class":88},[49,142175,92],{"class":85},[49,142177,95],{"class":63},[49,142179,141252],{"class":67},[49,142181,95],{"class":63},[49,142183,261],{"class":85},[49,142185,3571],{"class":121},[49,142187,142188,142190,142192,142194,142196,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206,142208],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,142189,110],{"class":109},[49,142191,92],{"class":85},[49,142193,245],{"class":88},[49,142195,32],{"class":85},[49,142197,141141],{"class":88},[49,142199,92],{"class":85},[49,142201,95],{"class":63},[49,142203,567],{"class":67},[49,142205,95],{"class":63},[49,142207,261],{"class":85},[49,142209,4678],{"class":121},[20,142211,127344,142212,32],{},[820,142213,142214],{"href":123946},[15,142215,1689],{},[40,142217,142219],{"className":42,"code":142218,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142220,142221,142233,142237],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142222,142223,142225,142227,142229,142231],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142224,56],{"class":55},[49,142226,60],{"class":59},[49,142228,64],{"class":63},[49,142230,7203],{"class":67},[49,142232,71],{"class":63},[49,142234,142235],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142236,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,142238,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249,142251,142253,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,142240,110],{"class":109},[49,142242,92],{"class":85},[49,142244,245],{"class":88},[49,142246,32],{"class":85},[49,142248,960],{"class":88},[49,142250,963],{"class":85},[49,142252,141141],{"class":88},[49,142254,92],{"class":85},[49,142256,95],{"class":63},[49,142258,567],{"class":67},[49,142260,95],{"class":63},[49,142262,261],{"class":85},[49,142264,3571],{"class":121},[181,142266,4868,142268],{"id":142267},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142269,1807],{},[20,142271,142272,142274],{},[15,142273,1807],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142276,9280],{},[194,142278,142279,142282,142285,142294],{},[197,142280,142281],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[197,142283,142284],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[197,142286,142287,142288,634,142291],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142289,142290],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142292,142293],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[197,142295,142296],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142298,214],{},[40,142300,142302],{"className":42,"code":142301,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142303,142304,142317,142321,142350],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142305,142306,142308,142310,142312,142315],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142307,127072],{"class":55},[49,142309,60],{"class":59},[49,142311,64],{"class":63},[49,142313,142314],{"class":67},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[49,142316,71],{"class":63},[49,142318,142319],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142320,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,142322,142323,142325,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346,142348],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,142324,1211],{"class":1210},[49,142326,142327],{"class":55}," url",[49,142329,32],{"class":85},[49,142331,141141],{"class":88},[49,142333,5417],{"class":85},[49,142335,95],{"class":63},[49,142337,142290],{"class":67},[49,142339,95],{"class":63},[49,142341,341],{"class":85},[49,142343,64],{"class":63},[49,142345,142293],{"class":67},[49,142347,95],{"class":63},[49,142349,69445],{"class":85},[49,142351,142352,142354,142356,142358,142361,142363],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,142353,1273],{"class":109},[49,142355,92],{"class":85},[49,142357,95],{"class":63},[49,142359,142360],{"class":67},"This looks like a web URL.",[49,142362,95],{"class":63},[49,142364,103],{"class":85},[181,142366,1308],{"id":1307},[20,142368,23004,142369,32],{},[15,142370,1807],{},[353,142372,138505],{"id":142373},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142375,142376,840],{},[15,142377,1807],{},[40,142379,142381],{"className":42,"code":142380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142382,142383,142395],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142384,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142386,56],{"class":55},[49,142388,60],{"class":59},[49,142390,64],{"class":63},[49,142392,7203],{"class":67},[49,142394,71],{"class":63},[49,142396,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411,142413,142415,142417],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142398,110],{"class":109},[49,142400,92],{"class":85},[49,142402,245],{"class":88},[49,142404,32],{"class":85},[49,142406,141141],{"class":88},[49,142408,92],{"class":85},[49,142410,95],{"class":63},[49,142412,44],{"class":67},[49,142414,95],{"class":63},[49,142416,261],{"class":85},[49,142418,4678],{"class":121},[20,142420,39164],{},[40,142422,142424],{"className":42,"code":142423,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142425,142426],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142427,142428,142430,142432,142434,142436,142438,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448,142450,142452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142429,110],{"class":109},[49,142431,92],{"class":85},[49,142433,245],{"class":88},[49,142435,32],{"class":85},[49,142437,960],{"class":88},[49,142439,963],{"class":85},[49,142441,141141],{"class":88},[49,142443,92],{"class":85},[49,142445,95],{"class":63},[49,142447,44],{"class":67},[49,142449,95],{"class":63},[49,142451,261],{"class":85},[49,142453,3571],{"class":121},[353,142455,29555,142457,136987],{"id":142456},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142458,1807],{},[20,142460,142461],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[40,142463,142465],{"className":42,"code":142464,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142466,142467,142475,142479,142484],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142468,142469,142471,142473],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142470,2349],{"class":55},[49,142472,60],{"class":59},[49,142474,124895],{"class":458},[49,142476,142477],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142478,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,142480,142481],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,142482,142483],{"class":121},"# This will cause an error:\n",[49,142485,142486],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,142487,142488],{"class":121},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142490,39164],{},[40,142492,142494],{"className":42,"code":142493,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142495,142496,142510],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142497,142498,142500,142502,142504,142506,142508],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142499,2349],{"class":55},[49,142501,60],{"class":59},[49,142503,48804],{"class":2804},[49,142505,92],{"class":85},[49,142507,50146],{"class":458},[49,142509,103],{"class":85},[49,142511,142512,142514,142516,142518,142520,142522,142524,142526,142528,142530,142532],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142513,110],{"class":109},[49,142515,92],{"class":85},[49,142517,338],{"class":88},[49,142519,32],{"class":85},[49,142521,141141],{"class":88},[49,142523,92],{"class":85},[49,142525,95],{"class":63},[49,142527,1223],{"class":67},[49,142529,95],{"class":63},[49,142531,261],{"class":85},[49,142533,3571],{"class":121},[353,142535,1339,142537,1342,142539],{"id":142536},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142538,1807],{},[15,142540,3788],{},[20,142542,142543,142545],{},[15,142544,1807],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142547,142548,142549,142551,142552,32],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142550,3788],{}," or methods like ",[820,142553,142554],{"href":124227},[15,142555,17],{},[40,142557,142559],{"className":42,"code":142558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142560,142561,142573,142577,142601],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142562,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142564,56],{"class":55},[49,142566,60],{"class":59},[49,142568,64],{"class":63},[49,142570,68],{"class":67},[49,142572,71],{"class":63},[49,142574,142575],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142576,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,142578,142579,142581,142583,142585,142587,142589,142591,142593,142595,142597,142599],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,142580,110],{"class":109},[49,142582,92],{"class":85},[49,142584,245],{"class":88},[49,142586,32],{"class":85},[49,142588,141141],{"class":88},[49,142590,92],{"class":85},[49,142592,95],{"class":63},[49,142594,98],{"class":67},[49,142596,95],{"class":63},[49,142598,261],{"class":85},[49,142600,4678],{"class":121},[49,142602,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,142604,110],{"class":109},[49,142606,92],{"class":85},[49,142608,95],{"class":63},[49,142610,98],{"class":67},[49,142612,95],{"class":63},[49,142614,21083],{"class":1210},[49,142616,82],{"class":88},[49,142618,118],{"class":85},[49,142620,142621],{"class":121},"           # True\n",[20,142623,135539,142624,32],{},[820,142625,1304],{"href":1303},[353,142627,4610,142629,380,142631,142633],{"id":142628},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142630,368],{},[15,142632,374],{}," use index positions",[20,142635,142636,142637,32],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142638,516],{},[40,142640,142642],{"className":42,"code":142641,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142643,142644,142657,142661],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142645,142646,142648,142650,142652,142655],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142647,56],{"class":55},[49,142649,60],{"class":59},[49,142651,64],{"class":63},[49,142653,142654],{"class":67},"abcdef",[49,142656,71],{"class":63},[49,142658,142659],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142660,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,142662,142663,142665,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,142664,110],{"class":109},[49,142666,92],{"class":85},[49,142668,245],{"class":88},[49,142670,32],{"class":85},[49,142672,141141],{"class":88},[49,142674,92],{"class":85},[49,142676,95],{"class":63},[49,142678,142679],{"class":67},"cd",[49,142681,95],{"class":63},[49,142683,341],{"class":85},[49,142685,2896],{"class":458},[49,142687,261],{"class":85},[49,142689,3571],{"class":121},[353,142691,142693],{"id":142692},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142695,142696],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142698,16555],{},[40,142700,142702],{"className":42,"code":142701,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142703,142704],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142705,142706],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142707,142701],{"class":121},[20,142709,16567],{},[40,142711,142713],{"className":42,"code":142712,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142714,142715,142727],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142716,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142718,56],{"class":55},[49,142720,60],{"class":59},[49,142722,64],{"class":63},[49,142724,7203],{"class":67},[49,142726,71],{"class":63},[49,142728,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142754,142756,142758],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142730,110],{"class":109},[49,142732,92],{"class":85},[49,142734,245],{"class":88},[49,142736,32],{"class":85},[49,142738,141141],{"class":88},[49,142740,5417],{"class":85},[49,142742,95],{"class":63},[49,142744,141252],{"class":67},[49,142746,95],{"class":63},[49,142748,341],{"class":85},[49,142750,64],{"class":63},[49,142752,142753],{"class":67},"Ja",[49,142755,95],{"class":63},[49,142757,50991],{"class":85},[49,142759,3571],{"class":121},[20,142761,31989],{},[40,142763,142765],{"className":42,"code":142764,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142766,142767,142777,142791,142813,142839],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142768,142769,142771,142773,142775],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142770,110],{"class":109},[49,142772,92],{"class":85},[49,142774,245],{"class":88},[49,142776,103],{"class":85},[49,142778,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,142780,110],{"class":109},[49,142782,92],{"class":85},[49,142784,3127],{"class":2804},[49,142786,92],{"class":85},[49,142788,245],{"class":88},[49,142790,1581],{"class":85},[49,142792,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,142794,110],{"class":109},[49,142796,92],{"class":85},[49,142798,245],{"class":88},[49,142800,32],{"class":85},[49,142802,141141],{"class":88},[49,142804,92],{"class":85},[49,142806,95],{"class":63},[49,142808,141252],{"class":67},[49,142810,95],{"class":63},[49,142812,1581],{"class":85},[49,142814,142815,142817,142819,142821,142823,142825,142827,142829,142831,142833,142835,142837],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,142816,110],{"class":109},[49,142818,92],{"class":85},[49,142820,245],{"class":88},[49,142822,32],{"class":85},[49,142824,960],{"class":88},[49,142826,963],{"class":85},[49,142828,141141],{"class":88},[49,142830,92],{"class":85},[49,142832,95],{"class":63},[49,142834,567],{"class":67},[49,142836,95],{"class":63},[49,142838,1581],{"class":85},[49,142840,142841,142843,142845,142847,142849,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859,142861,142863,142865,142867],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,142842,110],{"class":109},[49,142844,92],{"class":85},[49,142846,245],{"class":88},[49,142848,32],{"class":85},[49,142850,141141],{"class":88},[49,142852,5417],{"class":85},[49,142854,95],{"class":63},[49,142856,141252],{"class":67},[49,142858,95],{"class":63},[49,142860,341],{"class":85},[49,142862,64],{"class":63},[49,142864,142753],{"class":67},[49,142866,95],{"class":63},[49,142868,2815],{"class":85},[181,142870,1704],{"id":1703},[353,142872,1720,142874,128051],{"id":142873},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142875,1807],{},[20,142877,142878,142879,634,142881,32],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142880,633],{},[15,142882,637],{},[353,142884,5077,142886,142888],{"id":142885},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142887,1807],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142890,142891],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[40,142893,142895],{"className":42,"code":142894,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142896,142897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,142898,142899,142901,142903,142905,142907,142909,142911,142913,142915,142917,142919,142921],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,142900,245],{"class":55},[49,142902,32],{"class":85},[49,142904,141141],{"class":88},[49,142906,5417],{"class":85},[49,142908,95],{"class":63},[49,142910,820],{"class":67},[49,142912,95],{"class":63},[49,142914,341],{"class":85},[49,142916,64],{"class":63},[49,142918,4667],{"class":67},[49,142920,95],{"class":63},[49,142922,1581],{"class":85},[353,142924,14813,142926,1733],{"id":142925},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142927,1807],{},[20,142929,1736],{},[353,142931,1740,142933,380,142935,2394],{"id":142932},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142934,1807],{},[15,142936,3788],{},[20,142938,142939,142941,142942,142944],{},[15,142940,1807],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142943,3788],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[353,142946,1760,142948,380,142950,1342,142952,2394],{"id":142947},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142949,368],{},[15,142951,374],{},[15,142953,1807],{},[20,142955,142956],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[181,142958,1775],{"id":1774},[194,142960,142961,142967,142973,142979,142983],{},[197,142962,142963],{},[820,142964,1782,142965,1785],{"href":1812},[15,142966,1815],{},[197,142968,142969],{},[820,142970,1782,142971,1785],{"href":124227},[15,142972,17],{},[197,142974,142975],{},[820,142976,1782,142977,1785],{"href":123946},[15,142978,1689],{},[197,142980,142981],{},[820,142982,1820],{"href":1303},[197,142984,142985],{},[820,142986,124968],{"href":50875},[1834,142988,142989],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":142991},[142992,142994,142995,143001,143002,143004,143005,143006,143008,143018,143030],{"id":141187,"depth":74,"text":142993},"What startswith() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":141466,"depth":74,"text":141467,"children":142996},[142997,142998,142999,143000],{"id":141304,"depth":106,"text":141304},{"id":368,"depth":106,"text":368},{"id":374,"depth":106,"text":374},{"id":141633,"depth":106,"text":141634},{"id":17327,"depth":74,"text":17328},{"id":141811,"depth":74,"text":143003},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141965,"depth":74,"text":141966},{"id":834,"depth":74,"text":835},{"id":142267,"depth":74,"text":143007},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":143009},[143010,143011,143013,143015,143017],{"id":142373,"depth":106,"text":138505},{"id":142456,"depth":106,"text":143012},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142536,"depth":106,"text":143014},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142628,"depth":106,"text":143016},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142692,"depth":106,"text":142693},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":143019},[143020,143022,143024,143026,143028],{"id":142873,"depth":106,"text":143021},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142885,"depth":106,"text":143023},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142925,"depth":106,"text":143025},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142932,"depth":106,"text":143027},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142947,"depth":106,"text":143029},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141087,"description":143031},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143038,"title":143039,"body":143040,"description":144494,"extension":1866,"meta":144495,"navigation":128,"path":144496,"seo":144497,"stem":144498,"__hash__":144499},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143041,"toc":144464},[143042,143047,143052,143055,143057,143101,143103,143111,143116,143121,143126,143128,143146,143148,143194,143196,143210,143219,143223,143225,143227,143239,143244,143247,143279,143281,143290,143295,143298,143339,143341,143349,143351,143364,143370,143374,143377,143393,143395,143444,143446,143455,143458,143517,143519,143528,143535,143538,143591,143593,143617,143624,143630,143634,143640,143643,143654,143656,143696,143698,143706,143708,143748,143750,143759,143761,143779,143782,143789,143800,143803,143820,143822,143899,143901,143932,143935,143937,143940,143966,143968,144008,144010,144019,144029,144037,144045,144050,144055,144057,144071,144073,144124,144126,144135,144145,144147,144149,144171,144174,144253,144255,144291,144294,144369,144374,144376,144382,144387,144392,144395,144401,144404,144411,144419,144423,144431,144433,144461],[10,143043,13,143045,18],{"id":143044},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143046,41554],{},[20,143048,32224,143049,143051],{},[15,143050,41554],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143053,143054],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[181,143056,3515],{"id":3514},[40,143058,143060],{"className":42,"code":143059,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143061,143062,143075,143090],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143063,143064,143066,143068,143070,143073],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143065,56],{"class":55},[49,143067,60],{"class":59},[49,143069,64],{"class":63},[49,143071,143072],{"class":67},"  hello  ",[49,143074,71],{"class":63},[49,143076,143077,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143078,143079],{"class":55},"clean_text ",[49,143081,60],{"class":59},[49,143083,82],{"class":55},[49,143085,32],{"class":85},[49,143087,8541],{"class":88},[49,143089,8548],{"class":85},[49,143091,143092,143094,143096,143099],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,143093,110],{"class":109},[49,143095,92],{"class":85},[49,143097,143098],{"class":88},"clean_text",[49,143100,103],{"class":85},[20,143102,1974],{},[40,143104,143105],{"className":42,"code":138380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,143106,143107],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143108,143109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143110,138380],{"class":55},[20,143112,35,143113,143115],{},[15,143114,41554],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[181,143117,184,143119,187],{"id":143118},"what-strip-does",[15,143120,41554],{},[20,143122,143123,143125],{},[15,143124,41554],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143127,12960],{},[194,143129,143130,143134,143137,143140,143143],{},[197,143131,143132,131415],{},[15,143133,41554],{},[197,143135,143136],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[197,143138,143139],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[197,143141,143142],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[197,143144,143145],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143147,214],{},[40,143149,143151],{"className":42,"code":143150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143152,143153,143166,143170,143184],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143154,143155,143157,143159,143161,143164],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143156,56],{"class":55},[49,143158,60],{"class":59},[49,143160,64],{"class":63},[49,143162,143163],{"class":67},"  hello world  ",[49,143165,71],{"class":63},[49,143167,143168],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143169,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,143171,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,143173,110],{"class":109},[49,143175,92],{"class":85},[49,143177,245],{"class":88},[49,143179,32],{"class":85},[49,143181,8541],{"class":88},[49,143183,7100],{"class":85},[49,143185,143186,143188,143190,143192],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,143187,110],{"class":109},[49,143189,92],{"class":85},[49,143191,245],{"class":88},[49,143193,103],{"class":85},[20,143195,1974],{},[40,143197,143199],{"className":42,"code":143198,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143200,143201,143205],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143202,143203],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143204,134081],{"class":55},[49,143206,143207],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143208,143209],{"class":55},"  hello world\n",[20,143211,143212,143213,143215,143216,143218],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143214,41554],{},", but the original ",[15,143217,245],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143220,124965,143221,32],{},[820,143222,124968],{"href":50875},[181,143224,316],{"id":315},[20,143226,26395],{},[194,143228,143229,143234],{},[197,143230,143231],{},[15,143232,143233],{},"string.strip()",[197,143235,143236],{},[15,143237,143238],{},"string.strip(chars)",[353,143240,143242],{"id":143241},"stringstrip",[15,143243,143233],{},[20,143245,143246],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[40,143248,143250],{"className":42,"code":143249,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143251,143252,143265],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143253,143254,143256,143258,143260,143263],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143255,7785],{"class":55},[49,143257,60],{"class":59},[49,143259,64],{"class":63},[49,143261,143262],{"class":67},"  Alice  ",[49,143264,71],{"class":63},[49,143266,143267,143269,143271,143273,143275,143277],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143268,110],{"class":109},[49,143270,92],{"class":85},[49,143272,7575],{"class":88},[49,143274,32],{"class":85},[49,143276,8541],{"class":88},[49,143278,7100],{"class":85},[20,143280,1974],{},[40,143282,143284],{"className":42,"code":143283,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Alice\n",[15,143285,143286],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143287,143288],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143289,143283],{"class":55},[353,143291,143293],{"id":143292},"stringstripchars",[15,143294,143238],{},[20,143296,143297],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[40,143299,143301],{"className":42,"code":143300,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143302,143303,143316],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143304,143305,143307,143309,143311,143314],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143306,56],{"class":55},[49,143308,60],{"class":59},[49,143310,64],{"class":63},[49,143312,143313],{"class":67},"!!hello??",[49,143315,71],{"class":63},[49,143317,143318,143320,143322,143324,143326,143328,143330,143332,143335,143337],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143319,110],{"class":109},[49,143321,92],{"class":85},[49,143323,245],{"class":88},[49,143325,32],{"class":85},[49,143327,8541],{"class":88},[49,143329,92],{"class":85},[49,143331,95],{"class":63},[49,143333,143334],{"class":67},"!?",[49,143336,95],{"class":63},[49,143338,1581],{"class":85},[20,143340,1974],{},[40,143342,143343],{"className":42,"code":138380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,143344,143345],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143346,143347],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143348,138380],{"class":55},[20,143350,83697],{},[194,143352,143353,143358],{},[197,143354,143355,143357],{},[15,143356,134324],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[197,143359,143360,143361,143363],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143362,134324],{}," does not matter",[181,143365,143367,143368],{"id":143366},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143369,41554],{},[20,143371,30791,143372,32],{},[15,143373,41554],{},[20,143375,143376],{},"It is useful for:",[194,143378,143379,143384,143387,143390],{},[197,143380,143381,143382,3791],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143383,2861],{},[197,143385,143386],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[197,143388,143389],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[197,143391,143392],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143394,48261],{},[40,143396,143398],{"className":42,"code":143397,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143399,143400,143413,143429,143433],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143401,143402,143404,143406,143408,143411],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143403,7870],{"class":55},[49,143405,60],{"class":59},[49,143407,64],{"class":63},[49,143409,143410],{"class":67},"  sam  ",[49,143412,71],{"class":63},[49,143414,143415,143418,143420,143423,143425,143427],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143416,143417],{"class":55},"clean_username ",[49,143419,60],{"class":59},[49,143421,143422],{"class":55}," username",[49,143424,32],{"class":85},[49,143426,8541],{"class":88},[49,143428,8548],{"class":85},[49,143430,143431],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,143432,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,143434,143435,143437,143439,143442],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,143436,110],{"class":109},[49,143438,92],{"class":85},[49,143440,143441],{"class":88},"clean_username",[49,143443,103],{"class":85},[20,143445,1974],{},[40,143447,143449],{"className":42,"code":143448,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sam\n",[15,143450,143451],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143452,143453],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143454,143448],{"class":55},[20,143456,143457],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[40,143459,143461],{"className":42,"code":143460,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143462,143463,143476,143480,143502],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143464,143465,143467,143469,143471,143474],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143466,136308],{"class":55},[49,143468,60],{"class":59},[49,143470,64],{"class":63},[49,143472,143473],{"class":67}," yes  ",[49,143475,71],{"class":63},[49,143477,143478],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143479,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,143481,143482,143484,143486,143488,143490,143492,143494,143496,143498,143500],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,143483,1211],{"class":1210},[49,143485,136328],{"class":55},[49,143487,32],{"class":85},[49,143489,8541],{"class":88},[49,143491,7272],{"class":85},[49,143493,6315],{"class":59},[49,143495,64],{"class":63},[49,143497,8563],{"class":67},[49,143499,95],{"class":63},[49,143501,1226],{"class":85},[49,143503,143504,143506,143508,143510,143513,143515],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,143505,1273],{"class":109},[49,143507,92],{"class":85},[49,143509,95],{"class":63},[49,143511,143512],{"class":67},"Matched",[49,143514,95],{"class":63},[49,143516,103],{"class":85},[20,143518,1974],{},[40,143520,143522],{"className":42,"code":143521,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Matched\n",[15,143523,143524],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143525,143526],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143527,143521],{"class":55},[20,143529,143530,143531,32],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[820,143532,143534],{"href":143533},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143536,143537],{},"Example with file-style text:",[40,143539,143541],{"className":42,"code":143540,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143542,143543,143559,143573],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143544,143545,143548,143550,143552,143555,143557],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143546,143547],{"class":55},"line ",[49,143549,60],{"class":59},[49,143551,64],{"class":63},[49,143553,143554],{"class":67},"Python basics",[49,143556,87029],{"class":34361},[49,143558,71],{"class":63},[49,143560,143561,143563,143565,143567,143569,143571],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143562,110],{"class":109},[49,143564,92],{"class":85},[49,143566,1590],{"class":109},[49,143568,92],{"class":85},[49,143570,51],{"class":88},[49,143572,1581],{"class":85},[49,143574,143575,143577,143579,143581,143583,143585,143587,143589],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,143576,110],{"class":109},[49,143578,92],{"class":85},[49,143580,1590],{"class":109},[49,143582,92],{"class":85},[49,143584,51],{"class":88},[49,143586,32],{"class":85},[49,143588,8541],{"class":88},[49,143590,6197],{"class":85},[20,143592,1974],{},[40,143594,143596],{"className":42,"code":143595,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143597,143598,143609],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143599,143600,143602,143604,143607],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143601,1573],{"class":43228},[49,143603,143554],{"class":43232},[49,143605,87029],{"class":143606},"sfi6f",[49,143608,29605],{"class":43228},[49,143610,143611,143613,143615],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143612,1573],{"class":43228},[49,143614,143554],{"class":43232},[49,143616,29605],{"class":43228},[20,143618,644,143619,143621,143622,32],{},[15,143620,1683],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143623,87029],{},[20,143625,143626,143627,32],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[820,143628,143629],{"href":87682},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[181,143631,143633],{"id":143632},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143635,143636,143637,32],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143638,143639],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143641,143642],{},"Python will:",[194,143644,143645,143648,143651],{},[197,143646,143647],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[197,143649,143650],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[197,143652,143653],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143655,214],{},[40,143657,143659],{"className":42,"code":143658,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143660,143661,143674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143662,143663,143665,143667,143669,143672],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143664,56],{"class":55},[49,143666,60],{"class":59},[49,143668,64],{"class":63},[49,143670,143671],{"class":67},"??hello!!",[49,143673,71],{"class":63},[49,143675,143676,143678,143680,143682,143684,143686,143688,143690,143692,143694],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143677,110],{"class":109},[49,143679,92],{"class":85},[49,143681,245],{"class":88},[49,143683,32],{"class":85},[49,143685,8541],{"class":88},[49,143687,92],{"class":85},[49,143689,95],{"class":63},[49,143691,143334],{"class":67},[49,143693,95],{"class":63},[49,143695,1581],{"class":85},[20,143697,1974],{},[40,143699,143700],{"className":42,"code":138380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,143701,143702],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143703,143704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143705,138380],{"class":55},[20,143707,51979],{},[40,143709,143711],{"className":42,"code":143710,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143712,143713,143726],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143714,143715,143717,143719,143721,143724],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143716,56],{"class":55},[49,143718,60],{"class":59},[49,143720,64],{"class":63},[49,143722,143723],{"class":67},"abcHelloCba",[49,143725,71],{"class":63},[49,143727,143728,143730,143732,143734,143736,143738,143740,143742,143744,143746],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143729,110],{"class":109},[49,143731,92],{"class":85},[49,143733,245],{"class":88},[49,143735,32],{"class":85},[49,143737,8541],{"class":88},[49,143739,92],{"class":85},[49,143741,95],{"class":63},[49,143743,41461],{"class":67},[49,143745,95],{"class":63},[49,143747,1581],{"class":85},[20,143749,1974],{},[40,143751,143753],{"className":42,"code":143752,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HelloC\n",[15,143754,143755],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143756,143757],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143758,143752],{"class":55},[20,143760,6142],{},[20,143762,143763,13963,143766,143768,143769,143771,143772,2091,143774,2095,143776,143778],{},[15,143764,143765],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[666,143767,4536],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143770,41461],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143773,820],{},[15,143775,4667],{},[15,143777,9646],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143780,143781],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143783,143784,143785,6537],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[820,143786,143787],{"href":1796},[15,143788,1799],{},[181,143790,143792,983,143794,983,143797],{"id":143791},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143793,41554],{},[15,143795,143796],{},"lstrip()",[15,143798,143799],{},"rstrip()",[20,143801,143802],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[194,143804,143805,143810,143815],{},[197,143806,143807,143809],{},[15,143808,41554],{}," removes from both ends",[197,143811,143812,143814],{},[15,143813,143796],{}," removes from the left side only",[197,143816,143817,143819],{},[15,143818,143799],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143821,214],{},[40,143823,143825],{"className":42,"code":143824,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143826,143827,143839,143843,143861,143880],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143828,143829,143831,143833,143835,143837],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143830,56],{"class":55},[49,143832,60],{"class":59},[49,143834,64],{"class":63},[49,143836,143072],{"class":67},[49,143838,71],{"class":63},[49,143840,143841],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143842,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,143844,143845,143847,143849,143851,143853,143855,143857,143859],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,143846,110],{"class":109},[49,143848,92],{"class":85},[49,143850,1590],{"class":109},[49,143852,92],{"class":85},[49,143854,245],{"class":88},[49,143856,32],{"class":85},[49,143858,8541],{"class":88},[49,143860,6197],{"class":85},[49,143862,143863,143865,143867,143869,143871,143873,143875,143878],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,143864,110],{"class":109},[49,143866,92],{"class":85},[49,143868,1590],{"class":109},[49,143870,92],{"class":85},[49,143872,245],{"class":88},[49,143874,32],{"class":85},[49,143876,143877],{"class":88},"lstrip",[49,143879,6197],{"class":85},[49,143881,143882,143884,143886,143888,143890,143892,143894,143897],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,143883,110],{"class":109},[49,143885,92],{"class":85},[49,143887,1590],{"class":109},[49,143889,92],{"class":85},[49,143891,245],{"class":88},[49,143893,32],{"class":85},[49,143895,143896],{"class":88},"rstrip",[49,143898,6197],{"class":85},[20,143900,1974],{},[40,143902,143904],{"className":42,"code":143903,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143905,143906,143914,143923],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143907,143908,143910,143912],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143909,1573],{"class":43228},[49,143911,917],{"class":43232},[49,143913,29605],{"class":43228},[49,143915,143916,143918,143921],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143917,1573],{"class":43228},[49,143919,143920],{"class":43232},"hello  ",[49,143922,29605],{"class":43228},[49,143924,143925,143927,143930],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,143926,1573],{"class":43228},[49,143928,143929],{"class":43232},"  hello",[49,143931,29605],{"class":43228},[20,143933,143934],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[181,143936,108236],{"id":108235},[20,143938,143939],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[194,143941,143942,143950,143960,143963],{},[197,143943,143944,143946,143947,143949],{},[15,143945,143765],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143948,41430],{}," once",[197,143951,143952,143953,2091,143955,2095,143957,143959],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143954,820],{},[15,143956,4667],{},[15,143958,9646],{}," from both ends",[197,143961,143962],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[197,143964,143965],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143967,214],{},[40,143969,143971],{"className":42,"code":143970,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143972,143973,143986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,143974,143975,143977,143979,143981,143984],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,143976,126294],{"class":55},[49,143978,60],{"class":59},[49,143980,64],{"class":63},[49,143982,143983],{"class":67},"txt_report.txt",[49,143985,71],{"class":63},[49,143987,143988,143990,143992,143994,143996,143998,144000,144002,144004,144006],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,143989,110],{"class":109},[49,143991,92],{"class":85},[49,143993,126312],{"class":88},[49,143995,32],{"class":85},[49,143997,8541],{"class":88},[49,143999,92],{"class":85},[49,144001,95],{"class":63},[49,144003,126347],{"class":67},[49,144005,95],{"class":63},[49,144007,1581],{"class":85},[20,144009,1974],{},[40,144011,144013],{"className":42,"code":144012,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"_report\n",[15,144014,144015],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144016,144017],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144018,144012],{"class":55},[20,144020,144021,144022,2091,144024,2095,144026,144028],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144023,32],{},[15,144025,63177],{},[15,144027,283],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144030,53551,144031,4690,144034,144036],{},[15,144032,144033],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[666,144035,4536],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144038,144039,144040,144044],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[820,144041,144042],{"href":1796},[15,144043,1799],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[181,144046,4868,144048],{"id":144047},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144049,41554],{},[20,144051,35,144052,144054],{},[15,144053,41554],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144056,36330],{},[194,144058,144059,144063,144065,144068],{},[197,144060,143381,144061,3791],{},[15,144062,2861],{},[197,144064,143386],{},[197,144066,144067],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[197,144069,144070],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144072,214],{},[40,144074,144076],{"className":42,"code":144075,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144077,144078,144092,144096,144109],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144079,144080,144083,144085,144087,144090],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144081,144082],{"class":55},"email ",[49,144084,60],{"class":59},[49,144086,64],{"class":63},[49,144088,144089],{"class":67},"  user@example.com  ",[49,144091,71],{"class":63},[49,144093,144094],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144095,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,144097,144098,144100,144103,144105,144107],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,144099,1211],{"class":1210},[49,144101,144102],{"class":55}," email",[49,144104,32],{"class":85},[49,144106,8541],{"class":88},[49,144108,21505],{"class":85},[49,144110,144111,144113,144115,144117,144120,144122],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,144112,1273],{"class":109},[49,144114,92],{"class":85},[49,144116,95],{"class":63},[49,144118,144119],{"class":67},"Email was entered",[49,144121,95],{"class":63},[49,144123,103],{"class":85},[20,144125,1974],{},[40,144127,144129],{"className":42,"code":144128,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Email was entered\n",[15,144130,144131],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144132,144133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144134,144128],{"class":55},[20,144136,144137,144138,144140,144141,32],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144139,41554],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[820,144142,144143],{"href":123946},[15,144144,1689],{},[181,144146,1308],{"id":1307},[20,144148,84116],{},[194,144150,144151,144155,144160,144165],{},[197,144152,1318,144153,131285],{},[15,144154,41554],{},[197,144156,1318,144157,144159],{},[15,144158,41554],{}," to remove text from the middle",[197,144161,644,144162,144164],{},[15,144163,144033],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[197,144166,4610,144167,144170],{},[15,144168,144169],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144172,144173],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[40,144175,144177],{"className":42,"code":144176,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144178,144179,144193,144197,144207,144221,144235],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144180,144181,144183,144185,144187,144189,144191],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144182,56],{"class":55},[49,144184,60],{"class":59},[49,144186,64],{"class":63},[49,144188,143929],{"class":67},[49,144190,87029],{"class":34361},[49,144192,71],{"class":63},[49,144194,144195],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144196,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,144198,144199,144201,144203,144205],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,144200,110],{"class":109},[49,144202,92],{"class":85},[49,144204,245],{"class":88},[49,144206,103],{"class":85},[49,144208,144209,144211,144213,144215,144217,144219],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,144210,110],{"class":109},[49,144212,92],{"class":85},[49,144214,1590],{"class":109},[49,144216,92],{"class":85},[49,144218,245],{"class":88},[49,144220,1581],{"class":85},[49,144222,144223,144225,144227,144229,144231,144233],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,144224,110],{"class":109},[49,144226,92],{"class":85},[49,144228,245],{"class":88},[49,144230,32],{"class":85},[49,144232,8541],{"class":88},[49,144234,7100],{"class":85},[49,144236,144237,144239,144241,144243,144245,144247,144249,144251],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,144238,110],{"class":109},[49,144240,92],{"class":85},[49,144242,1590],{"class":109},[49,144244,92],{"class":85},[49,144246,245],{"class":88},[49,144248,32],{"class":85},[49,144250,8541],{"class":88},[49,144252,6197],{"class":85},[20,144254,1974],{},[40,144256,144258],{"className":42,"code":144257,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144259,144260,144265,144269,144279,144283],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144261,144262],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144263,144264],{"class":55},"  hello\n",[49,144266,144267],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144268,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,144270,144271,144273,144275,144277],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,144272,1573],{"class":43228},[49,144274,143929],{"class":43232},[49,144276,87029],{"class":143606},[49,144278,29605],{"class":43228},[49,144280,144281],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,144282,138380],{"class":55},[49,144284,144285,144287,144289],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,144286,1573],{"class":43228},[49,144288,917],{"class":43232},[49,144290,29605],{"class":43228},[20,144292,144293],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[40,144295,144297],{"className":42,"code":144296,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144298,144299,144309,144323,144337,144355],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144300,144301,144303,144305,144307],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144302,110],{"class":109},[49,144304,92],{"class":85},[49,144306,245],{"class":88},[49,144308,103],{"class":85},[49,144310,144311,144313,144315,144317,144319,144321],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144312,110],{"class":109},[49,144314,92],{"class":85},[49,144316,1590],{"class":109},[49,144318,92],{"class":85},[49,144320,245],{"class":88},[49,144322,1581],{"class":85},[49,144324,144325,144327,144329,144331,144333,144335],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,144326,110],{"class":109},[49,144328,92],{"class":85},[49,144330,245],{"class":88},[49,144332,32],{"class":85},[49,144334,8541],{"class":88},[49,144336,7100],{"class":85},[49,144338,144339,144341,144343,144345,144347,144349,144351,144353],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,144340,110],{"class":109},[49,144342,92],{"class":85},[49,144344,1590],{"class":109},[49,144346,92],{"class":85},[49,144348,245],{"class":88},[49,144350,32],{"class":85},[49,144352,8541],{"class":88},[49,144354,6197],{"class":85},[49,144356,144357,144359,144361,144363,144365,144367],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,144358,32059],{"class":109},[49,144360,92],{"class":85},[49,144362,3349],{"class":2804},[49,144364,32],{"class":85},[49,144366,8541],{"class":24660},[49,144368,103],{"class":85},[20,144370,144371,144373],{},[15,144372,1683],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[181,144375,1704],{"id":1703},[353,144377,1720,144379,144381],{"id":144378},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144380,41554],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144383,46264,144384,144386],{},[15,144385,41554],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[353,144388,1720,144390,124542],{"id":144389},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144391,41554],{},[20,144393,144394],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[353,144396,5050,144398,144400],{"id":144397},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144399,41554],{}," remove by default?",[20,144402,144403],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[353,144405,34113,144407,34116,144409,2394],{"id":144406},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144408,41554],{},[15,144410,1799],{},[20,144412,144413,144415,144416,144418],{},[15,144414,41554],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144417,1799],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[353,144420,144422],{"id":144421},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144424,128078,144425,144427,144428,144430],{},[15,144426,143796],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144429,143799],{}," for the right side.",[181,144432,1775],{"id":1774},[194,144434,144435,144441,144447,144452,144457],{},[197,144436,144437],{},[820,144438,1782,144439,1785],{"href":123946},[15,144440,1689],{},[197,144442,144443],{},[820,144444,1782,144445,1785],{"href":1796},[15,144446,1799],{},[197,144448,144449],{},[820,144450,144451],{"href":143533},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[197,144453,144454],{},[820,144455,144456],{"href":87682},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[197,144458,144459],{},[820,144460,124968],{"href":50875},[1834,144462,144463],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":144465},[144466,144467,144469,144473,144475,144476,144478,144479,144481,144482,144493],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":143118,"depth":74,"text":144468},"What strip() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":144470},[144471,144472],{"id":143241,"depth":106,"text":143233},{"id":143292,"depth":106,"text":143238},{"id":143366,"depth":74,"text":144474},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143632,"depth":74,"text":143633},{"id":143791,"depth":74,"text":144477},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108235,"depth":74,"text":108236},{"id":144047,"depth":74,"text":144480},"When to use strip()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":144483},[144484,144486,144488,144490,144492],{"id":144378,"depth":106,"text":144485},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144389,"depth":106,"text":144487},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144397,"depth":106,"text":144489},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144406,"depth":106,"text":144491},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144421,"depth":106,"text":144422},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143039,"description":144494},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144501,"title":144502,"body":144503,"description":145683,"extension":1866,"meta":145684,"navigation":128,"path":145685,"seo":145686,"stem":145687,"__hash__":145688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144504,"toc":145653},[144505,144510,144515,144520,144522,144568,144576,144581,144595,144601,144603,144605,144620,144622,144632,144635,144666,144669,144692,144694,144697,144754,144756,144770,144772,144786,144792,144797,144800,144841,144843,144852,144860,144863,144908,144910,144919,144922,144926,144931,144945,144947,144979,144981,145001,145004,145009,145014,145016,145027,145030,145087,145089,145097,145106,145108,145110,145116,145118,145155,145157,145165,145167,145208,145210,145219,145224,145229,145231,145258,145265,145268,145299,145301,145310,145316,145325,145356,145358,145370,145383,145387,145392,145422,145424,145491,145493,145503,145505,145510,145513,145518,145523,145527,145533,145539,145542,145544,145602,145604,145612,145614,145650],[10,144506,13,144508,18],{"id":144507},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144509,128083],{},[20,144511,22,144512,144514],{},[15,144513,128083],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144516,84493,144517,144519],{},[15,144518,128083],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[181,144521,1907],{"id":1906},[40,144523,144525],{"className":42,"code":144524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144526,144527,144539,144553,144563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144528,144529,144531,144533,144535,144537],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144530,56],{"class":55},[49,144532,60],{"class":59},[49,144534,64],{"class":63},[49,144536,866],{"class":67},[49,144538,71],{"class":63},[49,144540,144541,144543,144545,144547,144549,144551],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144542,2131],{"class":55},[49,144544,60],{"class":59},[49,144546,82],{"class":55},[49,144548,32],{"class":85},[49,144550,34386],{"class":88},[49,144552,8548],{"class":85},[49,144554,144555,144557,144559,144561],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,144556,110],{"class":109},[49,144558,92],{"class":85},[49,144560,2166],{"class":88},[49,144562,103],{"class":85},[49,144564,144565],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,144566,144567],{"class":121},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144569,144570,144572,144573,144575],{},[15,144571,128083],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[666,144574,4536],{}," change the original string in place.",[181,144577,184,144579,187],{"id":144578},"what-upper-does",[15,144580,128083],{},[194,144582,144583,144588,144591,144593],{},[197,144584,144585,144587],{},[15,144586,128083],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[197,144589,144590],{},"It works on string values only",[197,144592,133313],{},[197,144594,136031],{},[20,144596,124965,144597,634,144599,32],{},[820,144598,136037],{"href":136036},[820,144600,124968],{"href":50875},[181,144602,316],{"id":315},[20,144604,319],{},[40,144606,144608],{"className":42,"code":144607,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"string.upper()\n",[15,144609,144610],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144611,144612,144614,144616,144618],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144613,329],{"class":55},[49,144615,32],{"class":85},[49,144617,34386],{"class":88},[49,144619,8548],{"class":85},[20,144621,11364],{},[194,144623,144624,144626,144629],{},[197,144625,97402],{},[197,144627,144628],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[197,144630,144631],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144633,144634],{},"Example with a variable:",[40,144636,144638],{"className":42,"code":144637,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144639,144640,144652],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144641,144642,144644,144646,144648,144650],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144643,7785],{"class":55},[49,144645,60],{"class":59},[49,144647,64],{"class":63},[49,144649,44],{"class":67},[49,144651,71],{"class":63},[49,144653,144654,144656,144658,144660,144662,144664],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144655,110],{"class":109},[49,144657,92],{"class":85},[49,144659,7575],{"class":88},[49,144661,32],{"class":85},[49,144663,34386],{"class":88},[49,144665,7100],{"class":85},[20,144667,144668],{},"Example with a string literal:",[40,144670,144672],{"className":42,"code":144671,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144673,144674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144675,144676,144678,144680,144682,144684,144686,144688,144690],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144677,110],{"class":109},[49,144679,92],{"class":85},[49,144681,95],{"class":63},[49,144683,917],{"class":67},[49,144685,95],{"class":63},[49,144687,32],{"class":85},[49,144689,34386],{"class":88},[49,144691,7100],{"class":85},[181,144693,11381],{"id":11380},[20,144695,144696],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[40,144698,144700],{"className":42,"code":144699,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144701,144702,144714,144729,144733,144743],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144703,144704,144706,144708,144710,144712],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144705,6061],{"class":55},[49,144707,60],{"class":59},[49,144709,64],{"class":63},[49,144711,230],{"class":67},[49,144713,71],{"class":63},[49,144715,144716,144719,144721,144723,144725,144727],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144717,144718],{"class":55},"uppercase_word ",[49,144720,60],{"class":59},[49,144722,38284],{"class":55},[49,144724,32],{"class":85},[49,144726,34386],{"class":88},[49,144728,8548],{"class":85},[49,144730,144731],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,144732,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,144734,144735,144737,144739,144741],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,144736,110],{"class":109},[49,144738,92],{"class":85},[49,144740,1576],{"class":88},[49,144742,103],{"class":85},[49,144744,144745,144747,144749,144752],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,144746,110],{"class":109},[49,144748,92],{"class":85},[49,144750,144751],{"class":88},"uppercase_word",[49,144753,103],{"class":85},[20,144755,1974],{},[40,144757,144759],{"className":42,"code":144758,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144760,144761,144765],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144762,144763],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144764,70287],{"class":55},[49,144766,144767],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144768,144769],{"class":34361},"BANANA\n",[20,144771,112342],{},[194,144773,144774,144779],{},[197,144775,144776,144778],{},[15,144777,1576],{}," keeps its original value",[197,144780,144781,144783,144784],{},[15,144782,144751],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144785,128083],{},[181,144787,144789,144791],{"id":144788},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144790,128083],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144793,136697,144794,144796],{},[666,144795,136700],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144798,144799],{},"So this method:",[40,144801,144803],{"className":42,"code":144802,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144804,144805,144817,144827,144831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144806,144807,144809,144811,144813,144815],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144808,7785],{"class":55},[49,144810,60],{"class":59},[49,144812,64],{"class":63},[49,144814,17713],{"class":67},[49,144816,71],{"class":63},[49,144818,144819,144821,144823,144825],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144820,7575],{"class":55},[49,144822,32],{"class":85},[49,144824,34386],{"class":88},[49,144826,8548],{"class":85},[49,144828,144829],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,144830,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,144832,144833,144835,144837,144839],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,144834,110],{"class":109},[49,144836,92],{"class":85},[49,144838,7575],{"class":88},[49,144840,103],{"class":85},[20,144842,1974],{},[40,144844,144846],{"className":42,"code":144845,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"alice\n",[15,144847,144848],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144849,144850],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144851,144845],{"class":55},[20,144853,20887,144854,144856,144857,144859],{},[15,144855,128083],{}," was called, ",[15,144858,7575],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144861,144862],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[40,144864,144866],{"className":42,"code":144865,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144867,144868,144880,144894,144898],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144869,144870,144872,144874,144876,144878],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144871,7785],{"class":55},[49,144873,60],{"class":59},[49,144875,64],{"class":63},[49,144877,17713],{"class":67},[49,144879,71],{"class":63},[49,144881,144882,144884,144886,144888,144890,144892],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144883,7785],{"class":55},[49,144885,60],{"class":59},[49,144887,35897],{"class":55},[49,144889,32],{"class":85},[49,144891,34386],{"class":88},[49,144893,8548],{"class":85},[49,144895,144896],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,144897,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,144899,144900,144902,144904,144906],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,144901,110],{"class":109},[49,144903,92],{"class":85},[49,144905,7575],{"class":88},[49,144907,103],{"class":85},[20,144909,1974],{},[40,144911,144913],{"className":42,"code":144912,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ALICE\n",[15,144914,144915],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144916,144917],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144918,144912],{"class":34361},[20,144920,144921],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[181,144923,144925],{"id":144924},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144927,144928,144930],{},[15,144929,128083],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[194,144932,144933,144936,144939,144942],{},[197,144934,144935],{},"Numbers stay the same",[197,144937,144938],{},"Spaces stay the same",[197,144940,144941],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[197,144943,144944],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144946,214],{},[40,144948,144950],{"className":42,"code":144949,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144951,144952,144965],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144953,144954,144956,144958,144960,144963],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144955,56],{"class":55},[49,144957,60],{"class":59},[49,144959,64],{"class":63},[49,144961,144962],{"class":67},"Room 7, table #3!",[49,144964,71],{"class":63},[49,144966,144967,144969,144971,144973,144975,144977],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,144968,110],{"class":109},[49,144970,92],{"class":85},[49,144972,245],{"class":88},[49,144974,32],{"class":85},[49,144976,34386],{"class":88},[49,144978,7100],{"class":85},[20,144980,1974],{},[40,144982,144984],{"className":42,"code":144983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144985,144986],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,144987,144988,144991,144993,144995,144998],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,144989,144990],{"class":34361},"ROOM",[49,144992,493],{"class":458},[49,144994,341],{"class":85},[49,144996,144997],{"class":34361}," TABLE",[49,144999,145000],{"class":121}," #3!\n",[20,145002,145003],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[181,145005,4868,145007],{"id":145006},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145008,128083],{},[20,145010,145011,145013],{},[15,145012,128083],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145015,48239],{},[194,145017,145018,145021,145024],{},[197,145019,145020],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[197,145022,145023],{},"Format labels or headings",[197,145025,145026],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145028,145029],{},"Example: simple comparison",[40,145031,145033],{"className":42,"code":145032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145034,145035,145047,145051,145073],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145036,145037,145039,145041,145043,145045],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145038,136308],{"class":55},[49,145040,60],{"class":59},[49,145042,64],{"class":63},[49,145044,8563],{"class":67},[49,145046,71],{"class":63},[49,145048,145049],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145050,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,145052,145053,145055,145057,145059,145061,145063,145065,145067,145069,145071],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,145054,1211],{"class":1210},[49,145056,136328],{"class":55},[49,145058,32],{"class":85},[49,145060,34386],{"class":88},[49,145062,7272],{"class":85},[49,145064,6315],{"class":59},[49,145066,64],{"class":63},[49,145068,136315],{"class":67},[49,145070,95],{"class":63},[49,145072,1226],{"class":85},[49,145074,145075,145077,145079,145081,145083,145085],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,145076,1273],{"class":109},[49,145078,92],{"class":85},[49,145080,95],{"class":63},[49,145082,143512],{"class":67},[49,145084,95],{"class":63},[49,145086,103],{"class":85},[20,145088,1974],{},[40,145090,145091],{"className":42,"code":143521,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145092,145093],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145094,145095],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145096,143521],{"class":55},[20,145098,145099,145100,2091,145102,2095,145104,32],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145101,8563],{},[15,145103,137101],{},[15,145105,136315],{},[181,145107,1308],{"id":1307},[353,145109,95763],{"id":95762},[20,145111,8025,145112,145115],{},[15,145113,145114],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145117,16555],{},[40,145119,145121],{"className":42,"code":145120,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145122,145123,145135,145145],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145126,56],{"class":55},[49,145128,60],{"class":59},[49,145130,64],{"class":63},[49,145132,917],{"class":67},[49,145134,71],{"class":63},[49,145136,145137,145139,145141,145143],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145138,245],{"class":55},[49,145140,32],{"class":85},[49,145142,34386],{"class":88},[49,145144,8548],{"class":85},[49,145146,145147,145149,145151,145153],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,145148,110],{"class":109},[49,145150,92],{"class":85},[49,145152,245],{"class":88},[49,145154,103],{"class":85},[20,145156,1974],{},[40,145158,145159],{"className":42,"code":138380,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145160,145161],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145162,145163],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145164,138380],{"class":55},[20,145166,16567],{},[40,145168,145170],{"className":42,"code":145169,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145171,145172,145184,145198],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145173,145174,145176,145178,145180,145182],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145175,56],{"class":55},[49,145177,60],{"class":59},[49,145179,64],{"class":63},[49,145181,917],{"class":67},[49,145183,71],{"class":63},[49,145185,145186,145188,145190,145192,145194,145196],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145187,56],{"class":55},[49,145189,60],{"class":59},[49,145191,82],{"class":55},[49,145193,32],{"class":85},[49,145195,34386],{"class":88},[49,145197,8548],{"class":85},[49,145199,145200,145202,145204,145206],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,145201,110],{"class":109},[49,145203,92],{"class":85},[49,145205,245],{"class":88},[49,145207,103],{"class":85},[20,145209,1974],{},[40,145211,145213],{"className":42,"code":145212,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HELLO\n",[15,145214,145215],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145216,145217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145218,145212],{"class":34361},[353,145220,18818,145222,136987],{"id":145221},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145223,128083],{},[20,145225,145226,145228],{},[15,145227,128083],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145230,214],{},[40,145232,145234],{"className":42,"code":145233,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145235,145236,145244],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145237,145238,145240,145242],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145239,2119],{"class":55},[49,145241,60],{"class":59},[49,145243,124895],{"class":458},[49,145245,145246,145248,145250,145252,145254,145256],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145247,110],{"class":109},[49,145249,92],{"class":85},[49,145251,2141],{"class":88},[49,145253,32],{"class":85},[49,145255,34386],{"class":88},[49,145257,7100],{"class":85},[20,145259,39556,145260,145262,145263,33508],{},[15,145261,2090],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145264,128083],{},[20,145266,145267],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[40,145269,145271],{"className":42,"code":145270,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145272,145273,145281],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145274,145275,145277,145279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145276,2119],{"class":55},[49,145278,60],{"class":59},[49,145280,124895],{"class":458},[49,145282,145283,145285,145287,145289,145291,145293,145295,145297],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145284,110],{"class":109},[49,145286,92],{"class":85},[49,145288,3349],{"class":2804},[49,145290,92],{"class":85},[49,145292,2141],{"class":88},[49,145294,8538],{"class":85},[49,145296,34386],{"class":88},[49,145298,7100],{"class":85},[20,145300,1974],{},[40,145302,145304],{"className":42,"code":145303,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"123\n",[15,145305,145306],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145307,145308],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145309,145303],{"class":458},[353,145311,1339,145313,145315],{"id":145312},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145314,128083],{}," with title case",[20,145317,145318,145320,145321,145324],{},[15,145319,128083],{}," makes ",[666,145322,145323],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[40,145326,145328],{"className":42,"code":145327,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145329,145330,145342],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145331,145332,145334,145336,145338,145340],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145333,56],{"class":55},[49,145335,60],{"class":59},[49,145337,64],{"class":63},[49,145339,68],{"class":67},[49,145341,71],{"class":63},[49,145343,145344,145346,145348,145350,145352,145354],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145345,110],{"class":109},[49,145347,92],{"class":85},[49,145349,245],{"class":88},[49,145351,32],{"class":85},[49,145353,34386],{"class":88},[49,145355,7100],{"class":85},[20,145357,1974],{},[40,145359,145361],{"className":42,"code":145360,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145362,145363],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145364,145365,145367],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145366,136089],{"class":34361},[49,145368,145369],{"class":34361}," WORLD\n",[20,145371,145372,145373,145377,145378,145382],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[820,145374,145375],{"href":123946},[15,145376,1689],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[820,145379,145380],{"href":1796},[15,145381,1799],{}," changes parts of a string.",[181,145384,145386],{"id":145385},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145388,145389,145390,1197],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145391,128083],{},[194,145393,145394,145401,145408,145415],{},[197,145395,145396,145400],{},[820,145397,145398],{"href":123946},[15,145399,1689],{}," for lowercase text",[197,145402,145403,145407],{},[820,145404,145405],{"href":136635},[15,145406,41554],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[197,145409,145410,145414],{},[820,145411,145412],{"href":1796},[15,145413,1799],{}," for changing parts of a string",[197,145416,145417,380,145419,145421],{},[15,145418,1807],{},[15,145420,1815],{}," for checks",[20,145423,214],{},[40,145425,145427],{"className":42,"code":145426,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145428,145429,145441,145445,145460,145476,145480],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145430,145431,145433,145435,145437,145439],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145432,56],{"class":55},[49,145434,60],{"class":59},[49,145436,64],{"class":63},[49,145438,143163],{"class":67},[49,145440,71],{"class":63},[49,145442,145443],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145444,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,145446,145447,145450,145452,145454,145456,145458],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,145448,145449],{"class":55},"cleaned ",[49,145451,60],{"class":59},[49,145453,82],{"class":55},[49,145455,32],{"class":85},[49,145457,8541],{"class":88},[49,145459,8548],{"class":85},[49,145461,145462,145465,145467,145470,145472,145474],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,145463,145464],{"class":55},"loud ",[49,145466,60],{"class":59},[49,145468,145469],{"class":55}," cleaned",[49,145471,32],{"class":85},[49,145473,34386],{"class":88},[49,145475,8548],{"class":85},[49,145477,145478],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,145479,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,145481,145482,145484,145486,145489],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,145483,110],{"class":109},[49,145485,92],{"class":85},[49,145487,145488],{"class":88},"loud",[49,145490,103],{"class":85},[20,145492,1974],{},[40,145494,145495],{"className":42,"code":145360,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145496,145497],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145498,145499,145501],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145500,136089],{"class":34361},[49,145502,145369],{"class":34361},[181,145504,1704],{"id":1703},[353,145506,1720,145508,124542],{"id":145507},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145509,128083],{},[20,145511,145512],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[353,145514,1720,145516,137369],{"id":145515},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145517,128083],{},[20,145519,145520,145521,32],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145522,145114],{},[353,145524,145526],{"id":145525},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145528,145529,145530,145532],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145531,128083],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[353,145534,1760,145536,145538],{"id":145535},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145537,128083],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145540,145541],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145543,214],{},[40,145545,145547],{"className":42,"code":145546,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145548,145549,145561,145574,145578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145550,145551,145553,145555,145557,145559],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145552,2457],{"class":55},[49,145554,60],{"class":59},[49,145556,64],{"class":63},[49,145558,44],{"class":67},[49,145560,71],{"class":63},[49,145562,145563,145565,145567,145569,145572],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145564,2485],{"class":55},[49,145566,60],{"class":59},[49,145568,64],{"class":63},[49,145570,145571],{"class":67},"PYTHON",[49,145573,71],{"class":63},[49,145575,145576],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,145577,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,145579,145580,145582,145584,145586,145588,145590,145592,145594,145596,145598,145600],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,145581,110],{"class":109},[49,145583,92],{"class":85},[49,145585,820],{"class":88},[49,145587,32],{"class":85},[49,145589,34386],{"class":88},[49,145591,7272],{"class":85},[49,145593,6315],{"class":59},[49,145595,2462],{"class":88},[49,145597,32],{"class":85},[49,145599,34386],{"class":88},[49,145601,7100],{"class":85},[20,145603,1974],{},[40,145605,145606],{"className":42,"code":3885,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145607,145608],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145609,145610],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145611,3885],{"class":3757},[181,145613,1775],{"id":1774},[194,145615,145616,145620,145626,145632,145638,145642,145646],{},[197,145617,145618],{},[820,145619,124968],{"href":50875},[197,145621,145622],{},[820,145623,1782,145624,1785],{"href":123946},[15,145625,1689],{},[197,145627,145628],{},[820,145629,1782,145630,1785],{"href":136635},[15,145631,41554],{},[197,145633,145634],{},[820,145635,1782,145636,1785],{"href":1796},[15,145637,1799],{},[197,145639,145640],{},[820,145641,90557],{"href":89568},[197,145643,145644],{},[820,145645,1820],{"href":1303},[197,145647,145648],{},[820,145649,137455],{"href":136036},[1834,145651,145652],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":145654},[145655,145656,145658,145659,145660,145662,145663,145665,145672,145673,145682],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":144578,"depth":74,"text":145657},"What upper() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":144788,"depth":74,"text":145661},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144924,"depth":74,"text":144925},{"id":145006,"depth":74,"text":145664},"When to use upper()",{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":145666},[145667,145668,145670],{"id":95762,"depth":106,"text":95763},{"id":145221,"depth":106,"text":145669},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145312,"depth":106,"text":145671},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145385,"depth":74,"text":145386},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":145674},[145675,145677,145679,145680],{"id":145507,"depth":106,"text":145676},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145515,"depth":106,"text":145678},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145525,"depth":106,"text":145526},{"id":145535,"depth":106,"text":145681},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144502,"description":145683},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145690,"title":145691,"body":145692,"description":147569,"extension":1866,"meta":147570,"navigation":128,"path":147571,"seo":147572,"stem":147573,"__hash__":147574},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145693,"toc":147519},[145694,145700,145707,145713,145715,145771,145776,145781,145786,145789,145808,145811,145813,145837,145855,145866,145868,145871,145924,145926,145934,145936,145954,145959,145962,146019,146021,146030,146033,146053,146056,146062,146067,146069,146112,146114,146122,146125,146166,146168,146177,146183,146189,146216,146218,146226,146231,146235,146247,146290,146292,146300,146305,146311,146316,146320,146322,146365,146368,146415,146417,146426,146433,146437,146440,146486,146491,146495,146497,146540,146543,146551,146553,146558,146560,146562,146581,146584,146596,146598,146617,146619,146627,146631,146633,146684,146687,146762,146764,146772,146775,146779,146781,146828,146831,146902,146904,146912,146918,146920,146995,146999,147078,147080,147088,147094,147100,147105,147110,147159,147163,147234,147237,147242,147253,147256,147267,147277,147279,147284,147309,147314,147395,147397,147422,147424,147429,147432,147438,147447,147453,147456,147462,147468,147475,147478,147480,147516],[10,145695,3482,145697,3486],{"id":145696},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145698,145699],{},"sum()",[20,145701,9028,145702,145704,145705,24674],{},[15,145703,145699],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145706,59894],{},[20,145708,145709,145710,145712],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145711,368],{}," value and a few important limits.",[181,145714,1907],{"id":1906},[40,145716,145718],{"className":42,"code":145717,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145719,145720,145744,145759],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145721,145722,145724,145726,145728,145730,145732,145734,145736,145738,145740,145742],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145723,3525],{"class":55},[49,145725,60],{"class":59},[49,145727,3530],{"class":85},[49,145729,1223],{"class":458},[49,145731,341],{"class":85},[49,145733,2896],{"class":458},[49,145735,341],{"class":85},[49,145737,2354],{"class":458},[49,145739,341],{"class":85},[49,145741,808],{"class":458},[49,145743,1244],{"class":85},[49,145745,145746,145748,145750,145753,145755,145757],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145747,41083],{"class":55},[49,145749,60],{"class":59},[49,145751,145752],{"class":109}," sum",[49,145754,92],{"class":85},[49,145756,3556],{"class":88},[49,145758,103],{"class":85},[49,145760,145761,145763,145765,145767,145769],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,145762,110],{"class":109},[49,145764,92],{"class":85},[49,145766,41112],{"class":88},[49,145768,118],{"class":85},[49,145770,26702],{"class":121},[20,145772,35,145773,145775],{},[15,145774,145699],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[181,145777,184,145779,187],{"id":145778},"what-sum-does",[15,145780,145699],{},[20,145782,145783,145785],{},[15,145784,145699],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145787,145788],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[194,145790,145791,145794,145797,145802],{},[197,145792,145793],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[197,145795,145796],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[197,145798,145799,145800],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145801,36102],{},[197,145803,145804,145805,145807],{},"Counting ",[15,145806,633],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145809,145810],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[181,145812,316],{"id":315},[40,145814,145816],{"className":42,"code":145815,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145817,145818],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145819,145820,145823,145825,145827,145829,145831,145833,145835],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145821,145822],{"class":109},"sum",[49,145824,92],{"class":85},[49,145826,3626],{"class":88},[49,145828,341],{"class":85},[49,145830,344],{"class":9081},[49,145832,60],{"class":59},[49,145834,516],{"class":458},[49,145836,103],{"class":85},[194,145838,145839,145844,145849],{},[197,145840,145841,145843],{},[15,145842,3626],{}," is the group of values to add",[197,145845,145846,145848],{},[15,145847,368],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[197,145850,145851,145852],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145853,145854],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145856,145857,145858,145861,145862,32],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145859,145860,3626],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[820,145863,145864,24527],{"href":36099},[15,145865,36102],{},[181,145867,11381],{"id":11380},[20,145869,145870],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[40,145872,145874],{"className":42,"code":145873,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145875,145876,145896,145910,145914],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145877,145878,145880,145882,145884,145886,145888,145890,145892,145894],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145879,3525],{"class":55},[49,145881,60],{"class":59},[49,145883,3530],{"class":85},[49,145885,2040],{"class":458},[49,145887,341],{"class":85},[49,145889,5911],{"class":458},[49,145891,341],{"class":85},[49,145893,37841],{"class":458},[49,145895,1244],{"class":85},[49,145897,145898,145900,145902,145904,145906,145908],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145899,41083],{"class":55},[49,145901,60],{"class":59},[49,145903,145752],{"class":109},[49,145905,92],{"class":85},[49,145907,3556],{"class":88},[49,145909,103],{"class":85},[49,145911,145912],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,145913,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,145915,145916,145918,145920,145922],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,145917,110],{"class":109},[49,145919,92],{"class":85},[49,145921,41112],{"class":88},[49,145923,103],{"class":85},[20,145925,1974],{},[40,145927,145928],{"className":42,"code":69721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,145929,145930],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145931,145932],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145933,69721],{"class":458},[20,145935,11590],{},[194,145937,145938,145943,145949],{},[197,145939,145940,145942],{},[15,145941,3556],{}," contains three integers",[197,145944,145945,145948],{},[15,145946,145947],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[197,145950,145951,145952],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145953,41112],{},[181,145955,36517,145957,8341],{"id":145956},"using-the-start-value",[15,145958,368],{},[20,145960,145961],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[40,145963,145965],{"className":42,"code":145964,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145966,145967,145987,146005,146009],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,145968,145969,145971,145973,145975,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,145970,3525],{"class":55},[49,145972,60],{"class":59},[49,145974,3530],{"class":85},[49,145976,1223],{"class":458},[49,145978,341],{"class":85},[49,145980,2896],{"class":458},[49,145982,341],{"class":85},[49,145984,2354],{"class":458},[49,145986,1244],{"class":85},[49,145988,145989,145991,145993,145995,145997,145999,146001,146003],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,145990,41083],{"class":55},[49,145992,60],{"class":59},[49,145994,145752],{"class":109},[49,145996,92],{"class":85},[49,145998,3556],{"class":88},[49,146000,341],{"class":85},[49,146002,5911],{"class":458},[49,146004,103],{"class":85},[49,146006,146007],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,146008,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,146010,146011,146013,146015,146017],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,146012,110],{"class":109},[49,146014,92],{"class":85},[49,146016,41112],{"class":88},[49,146018,103],{"class":85},[20,146020,1974],{},[40,146022,146024],{"className":42,"code":146023,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"16\n",[15,146025,146026],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146027,146028],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146029,146023],{"class":458},[20,146031,146032],{},"This works like:",[194,146034,146035,146040,146045,146049],{},[197,146036,146037,146038],{},"Start at ",[15,146039,2233],{},[197,146041,146042,146043],{},"Add ",[15,146044,1223],{},[197,146046,146042,146047],{},[15,146048,312],{},[197,146050,146042,146051],{},[15,146052,1965],{},[20,146054,146055],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[181,146057,184,146059,146061],{"id":146058},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146060,145699],{}," can work with",[20,146063,146064,146066],{},[15,146065,145699],{}," works with numeric values.",[353,146068,40328],{"id":40327},[40,146070,146072],{"className":42,"code":146071,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146073,146074,146098],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146075,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088,146090,146092,146094,146096],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146077,3729],{"class":55},[49,146079,60],{"class":59},[49,146081,3530],{"class":85},[49,146083,1223],{"class":458},[49,146085,341],{"class":85},[49,146087,2896],{"class":458},[49,146089,341],{"class":85},[49,146091,2354],{"class":458},[49,146093,341],{"class":85},[49,146095,808],{"class":458},[49,146097,1244],{"class":85},[49,146099,146100,146102,146104,146106,146108,146110],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146101,110],{"class":109},[49,146103,92],{"class":85},[49,146105,145822],{"class":109},[49,146107,92],{"class":85},[49,146109,5266],{"class":88},[49,146111,1581],{"class":85},[20,146113,1974],{},[40,146115,146116],{"className":42,"code":2279,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146117,146118],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146119,146120],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146121,2279],{"class":458},[353,146123,146124],{"id":51945},"Floats",[40,146126,146128],{"className":42,"code":146127,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146129,146130,146152],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146131,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146145,146147,146150],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146133,82924],{"class":55},[49,146135,60],{"class":59},[49,146137,3530],{"class":85},[49,146139,41059],{"class":458},[49,146141,341],{"class":85},[49,146143,146144],{"class":458}," 3.75",[49,146146,341],{"class":85},[49,146148,146149],{"class":458}," 1.25",[49,146151,1244],{"class":85},[49,146153,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162,146164],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146155,110],{"class":109},[49,146157,92],{"class":85},[49,146159,145822],{"class":109},[49,146161,92],{"class":85},[49,146163,82960],{"class":88},[49,146165,1581],{"class":85},[20,146167,1974],{},[40,146169,146171],{"className":42,"code":146170,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"7.5\n",[15,146172,146173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146174,146175],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146176,146170],{"class":458},[20,146178,146179,146180,32],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[820,146181,146182],{"href":2321},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[353,146184,146186,146187],{"id":146185},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146188,36102],{},[40,146190,146192],{"className":42,"code":146191,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146193,146194],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146195,146196,146198,146200,146202,146204,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146197,110],{"class":109},[49,146199,92],{"class":85},[49,146201,145822],{"class":109},[49,146203,92],{"class":85},[49,146205,59894],{"class":109},[49,146207,92],{"class":85},[49,146209,1223],{"class":458},[49,146211,341],{"class":85},[49,146213,37548],{"class":458},[49,146215,2815],{"class":85},[20,146217,1974],{},[40,146219,146220],{"className":42,"code":46940,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146221,146222],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146223,146224],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146225,46940],{"class":458},[20,146227,113432,146228,32],{},[15,146229,146230],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[353,146232,146234],{"id":146233},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146236,146237,146238,146240,146241,380,146243,146240,146245,32],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146239,633],{}," acts like ",[15,146242,1223],{},[15,146244,637],{},[15,146246,516],{},[40,146248,146250],{"className":42,"code":146249,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146251,146252,146276],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146253,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146255,51865],{"class":55},[49,146257,60],{"class":59},[49,146259,3530],{"class":85},[49,146261,633],{"class":3757},[49,146263,341],{"class":85},[49,146265,3812],{"class":3757},[49,146267,341],{"class":85},[49,146269,3821],{"class":3757},[49,146271,341],{"class":85},[49,146273,3821],{"class":3757},[49,146275,1244],{"class":85},[49,146277,146278,146280,146282,146284,146286,146288],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146279,110],{"class":109},[49,146281,92],{"class":85},[49,146283,145822],{"class":109},[49,146285,92],{"class":85},[49,146287,51918],{"class":88},[49,146289,1581],{"class":85},[20,146291,1974],{},[40,146293,146294],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146295,146296],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146297,146298],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146299,46516],{"class":458},[20,146301,146302,146303,32],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146304,633],{},[181,146306,184,146308,146310],{"id":146307},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146309,145699],{}," does not work with",[20,146312,146313,146315],{},[15,146314,145699],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[353,146317,146319],{"id":146318},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146321,2739],{},[40,146323,146325],{"className":42,"code":146324,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146326,146327,146351],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146328,146329,146331,146333,146335,146337,146339,146341,146343,146345,146347,146349],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146330,3976],{"class":55},[49,146332,60],{"class":59},[49,146334,3530],{"class":85},[49,146336,95],{"class":63},[49,146338,917],{"class":67},[49,146340,95],{"class":63},[49,146342,341],{"class":85},[49,146344,64],{"class":63},[49,146346,98],{"class":67},[49,146348,95],{"class":63},[49,146350,1244],{"class":85},[49,146352,146353,146355,146357,146359,146361,146363],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146354,110],{"class":109},[49,146356,92],{"class":85},[49,146358,145822],{"class":109},[49,146360,92],{"class":85},[49,146362,4019],{"class":88},[49,146364,1581],{"class":85},[20,146366,146367],{},"Use string joining instead:",[40,146369,146371],{"className":42,"code":146370,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146372,146373,146397],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146374,146375,146377,146379,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146376,3976],{"class":55},[49,146378,60],{"class":59},[49,146380,3530],{"class":85},[49,146382,95],{"class":63},[49,146384,917],{"class":67},[49,146386,95],{"class":63},[49,146388,341],{"class":85},[49,146390,64],{"class":63},[49,146392,98],{"class":67},[49,146394,95],{"class":63},[49,146396,1244],{"class":85},[49,146398,146399,146401,146403,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146400,110],{"class":109},[49,146402,92],{"class":85},[49,146404,6179],{"class":63},[49,146406,32],{"class":85},[49,146408,133224],{"class":88},[49,146410,92],{"class":85},[49,146412,4019],{"class":88},[49,146414,1581],{"class":85},[20,146416,1974],{},[40,146418,146420],{"className":42,"code":146419,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"helloworld\n",[15,146421,146422],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146423,146424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146425,146419],{"class":55},[20,146427,146428,146429,32],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[820,146430,146431,5690],{"href":42075},[15,146432,47583],{},[353,146434,146436],{"id":146435},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146438,146439],{},"This also causes an error:",[40,146441,146443],{"className":42,"code":146442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146444,146445,146472],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146446,146447,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462,146464,146466,146468,146470],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146448,146449],{"class":55},"lists ",[49,146451,60],{"class":59},[49,146453,56191],{"class":85},[49,146455,1223],{"class":458},[49,146457,341],{"class":85},[49,146459,2896],{"class":458},[49,146461,17972],{"class":85},[49,146463,3530],{"class":85},[49,146465,1965],{"class":458},[49,146467,341],{"class":85},[49,146469,808],{"class":458},[49,146471,53140],{"class":85},[49,146473,146474,146476,146478,146480,146482,146484],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146475,110],{"class":109},[49,146477,92],{"class":85},[49,146479,145822],{"class":109},[49,146481,92],{"class":85},[49,146483,5207],{"class":88},[49,146485,1581],{"class":85},[20,146487,146488,146490],{},[15,146489,145699],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[353,146492,146494],{"id":146493},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146496,5379],{},[40,146498,146500],{"className":42,"code":146499,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146501,146502,146526],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146503,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146505,3729],{"class":55},[49,146507,60],{"class":59},[49,146509,3530],{"class":85},[49,146511,1223],{"class":458},[49,146513,341],{"class":85},[49,146515,2896],{"class":458},[49,146517,341],{"class":85},[49,146519,64],{"class":63},[49,146521,1965],{"class":67},[49,146523,95],{"class":63},[49,146525,1244],{"class":85},[49,146527,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146529,110],{"class":109},[49,146531,92],{"class":85},[49,146533,145822],{"class":109},[49,146535,92],{"class":85},[49,146537,5266],{"class":88},[49,146539,1581],{"class":85},[20,146541,146542],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146544,146545,146546,146548,146549,32],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146547,65829],{},", convert them first. See ",[820,146550,2866],{"href":2865},[181,146552,41405],{"id":41404},[20,146554,146555,146556,32],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146557,145699],{},[353,146559,6430],{"id":6429},[20,146561,4432],{},[40,146563,146565],{"className":42,"code":146564,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146566,146567],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146568,146569,146571,146573,146575,146577,146579],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146570,110],{"class":109},[49,146572,92],{"class":85},[49,146574,145822],{"class":109},[49,146576,92],{"class":85},[49,146578,2040],{"class":458},[49,146580,1581],{"class":85},[20,146582,146583],{},"Why it fails:",[194,146585,146586,146591],{},[197,146587,146588,146590],{},[15,146589,2040],{}," is a single integer",[197,146592,146593,146595],{},[15,146594,145699],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146597,6460],{},[40,146599,146601],{"className":42,"code":146600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146602,146603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146604,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146606,110],{"class":109},[49,146608,92],{"class":85},[49,146610,145822],{"class":109},[49,146612,2889],{"class":85},[49,146614,2040],{"class":458},[49,146616,2903],{"class":85},[20,146618,1974],{},[40,146620,146621],{"className":42,"code":2850,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146622,146623],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146624,146625],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146626,2850],{"class":458},[353,146628,146630],{"id":146629},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146632,4432],{},[40,146634,146636],{"className":42,"code":146635,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146637,146638,146670],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146639,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650,146652,146654,146656,146658,146660,146662,146664,146666,146668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146641,3729],{"class":55},[49,146643,60],{"class":59},[49,146645,3530],{"class":85},[49,146647,95],{"class":63},[49,146649,1223],{"class":67},[49,146651,95],{"class":63},[49,146653,341],{"class":85},[49,146655,64],{"class":63},[49,146657,312],{"class":67},[49,146659,95],{"class":63},[49,146661,341],{"class":85},[49,146663,64],{"class":63},[49,146665,1965],{"class":67},[49,146667,95],{"class":63},[49,146669,1244],{"class":85},[49,146671,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146673,110],{"class":109},[49,146675,92],{"class":85},[49,146677,145822],{"class":109},[49,146679,92],{"class":85},[49,146681,5266],{"class":88},[49,146683,1581],{"class":85},[20,146685,146686],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[40,146688,146690],{"className":42,"code":146689,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146691,146692,146724,146752],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146693,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146695,3729],{"class":55},[49,146697,60],{"class":59},[49,146699,3530],{"class":85},[49,146701,95],{"class":63},[49,146703,1223],{"class":67},[49,146705,95],{"class":63},[49,146707,341],{"class":85},[49,146709,64],{"class":63},[49,146711,312],{"class":67},[49,146713,95],{"class":63},[49,146715,341],{"class":85},[49,146717,64],{"class":63},[49,146719,1965],{"class":67},[49,146721,95],{"class":63},[49,146723,1244],{"class":85},[49,146725,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146727,41083],{"class":55},[49,146729,60],{"class":59},[49,146731,145752],{"class":109},[49,146733,92],{"class":85},[49,146735,2090],{"class":2804},[49,146737,92],{"class":85},[49,146739,283],{"class":88},[49,146741,118],{"class":85},[49,146743,3782],{"class":1210},[49,146745,3785],{"class":88},[49,146747,3788],{"class":1210},[49,146749,3791],{"class":88},[49,146751,103],{"class":85},[49,146753,146754,146756,146758,146760],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,146755,110],{"class":109},[49,146757,92],{"class":85},[49,146759,41112],{"class":88},[49,146761,103],{"class":85},[20,146763,1974],{},[40,146765,146766],{"className":42,"code":2558,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146767,146768],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146769,146770],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146771,2558],{"class":458},[20,146773,146774],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[353,146776,146778],{"id":146777},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146780,4432],{},[40,146782,146784],{"className":42,"code":146783,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146785,146786,146814],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146787,146788,146790,146792,146794,146796,146798,146800,146802,146804,146806,146808,146810,146812],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146789,3729],{"class":55},[49,146791,60],{"class":59},[49,146793,3530],{"class":85},[49,146795,1223],{"class":458},[49,146797,341],{"class":85},[49,146799,2896],{"class":458},[49,146801,341],{"class":85},[49,146803,64],{"class":63},[49,146805,1965],{"class":67},[49,146807,95],{"class":63},[49,146809,341],{"class":85},[49,146811,808],{"class":458},[49,146813,1244],{"class":85},[49,146815,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146817,110],{"class":109},[49,146819,92],{"class":85},[49,146821,145822],{"class":109},[49,146823,92],{"class":85},[49,146825,5266],{"class":88},[49,146827,1581],{"class":85},[20,146829,146830],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[40,146832,146834],{"className":42,"code":146833,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146835,146836,146864,146892],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146837,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856,146858,146860,146862],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146839,3729],{"class":55},[49,146841,60],{"class":59},[49,146843,3530],{"class":85},[49,146845,1223],{"class":458},[49,146847,341],{"class":85},[49,146849,2896],{"class":458},[49,146851,341],{"class":85},[49,146853,64],{"class":63},[49,146855,1965],{"class":67},[49,146857,95],{"class":63},[49,146859,341],{"class":85},[49,146861,808],{"class":458},[49,146863,1244],{"class":85},[49,146865,146866,146868,146870,146872,146874,146876,146878,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146867,41083],{"class":55},[49,146869,60],{"class":59},[49,146871,145752],{"class":109},[49,146873,92],{"class":85},[49,146875,2090],{"class":2804},[49,146877,92],{"class":85},[49,146879,283],{"class":88},[49,146881,118],{"class":85},[49,146883,3782],{"class":1210},[49,146885,3785],{"class":88},[49,146887,3788],{"class":1210},[49,146889,3791],{"class":88},[49,146891,103],{"class":85},[49,146893,146894,146896,146898,146900],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,146895,110],{"class":109},[49,146897,92],{"class":85},[49,146899,41112],{"class":88},[49,146901,103],{"class":85},[20,146903,1974],{},[40,146905,146906],{"className":42,"code":2279,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,146907,146908],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146909,146910],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146911,2279],{"class":458},[353,146913,644,146915,146917],{"id":146914},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146916,145699],{}," to join text",[20,146919,4432],{},[40,146921,146923],{"className":42,"code":146922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146924,146925,146981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,146926,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,146928,35994],{"class":55},[49,146930,60],{"class":59},[49,146932,3530],{"class":85},[49,146934,95],{"class":63},[49,146936,133823],{"class":67},[49,146938,95],{"class":63},[49,146940,341],{"class":85},[49,146942,64],{"class":63},[49,146944,11652],{"class":67},[49,146946,95],{"class":63},[49,146948,341],{"class":85},[49,146950,64],{"class":63},[49,146952,63177],{"class":67},[49,146954,95],{"class":63},[49,146956,341],{"class":85},[49,146958,64],{"class":63},[49,146960,1391],{"class":67},[49,146962,95],{"class":63},[49,146964,341],{"class":85},[49,146966,64],{"class":63},[49,146968,426],{"class":67},[49,146970,95],{"class":63},[49,146972,341],{"class":85},[49,146974,64],{"class":63},[49,146976,75907],{"class":67},[49,146978,95],{"class":63},[49,146980,1244],{"class":85},[49,146982,146983,146985,146987,146989,146991,146993],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,146984,110],{"class":109},[49,146986,92],{"class":85},[49,146988,145822],{"class":109},[49,146990,92],{"class":85},[49,146992,36047],{"class":88},[49,146994,1581],{"class":85},[20,146996,35,146997,60424],{},[15,146998,133147],{},[40,147000,147002],{"className":42,"code":147001,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147003,147004,147060],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147005,147006,147008,147010,147012,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024,147026,147028,147030,147032,147034,147036,147038,147040,147042,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147007,35994],{"class":55},[49,147009,60],{"class":59},[49,147011,3530],{"class":85},[49,147013,95],{"class":63},[49,147015,133823],{"class":67},[49,147017,95],{"class":63},[49,147019,341],{"class":85},[49,147021,64],{"class":63},[49,147023,11652],{"class":67},[49,147025,95],{"class":63},[49,147027,341],{"class":85},[49,147029,64],{"class":63},[49,147031,63177],{"class":67},[49,147033,95],{"class":63},[49,147035,341],{"class":85},[49,147037,64],{"class":63},[49,147039,1391],{"class":67},[49,147041,95],{"class":63},[49,147043,341],{"class":85},[49,147045,64],{"class":63},[49,147047,426],{"class":67},[49,147049,95],{"class":63},[49,147051,341],{"class":85},[49,147053,64],{"class":63},[49,147055,75907],{"class":67},[49,147057,95],{"class":63},[49,147059,1244],{"class":85},[49,147061,147062,147064,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,147063,110],{"class":109},[49,147065,92],{"class":85},[49,147067,6179],{"class":63},[49,147069,32],{"class":85},[49,147071,133224],{"class":88},[49,147073,92],{"class":85},[49,147075,36047],{"class":88},[49,147077,1581],{"class":85},[20,147079,1974],{},[40,147081,147082],{"className":42,"code":133904,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,147083,147084],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147085,147086],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147087,133904],{"class":55},[20,147089,147090,147091,32],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[820,147092,147093],{"href":134985},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[181,147095,147097,147099],{"id":147096},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147098,145699],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147101,147102,147104],{},[15,147103,145699],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[353,147106,644,147108],{"id":147107},"using-sum",[15,147109,145699],{},[40,147111,147113],{"className":42,"code":147112,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147114,147115,147135,147149],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147116,147117,147119,147121,147123,147125,147127,147129,147131,147133],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147118,3525],{"class":55},[49,147120,60],{"class":59},[49,147122,3530],{"class":85},[49,147124,2407],{"class":458},[49,147126,341],{"class":85},[49,147128,493],{"class":458},[49,147130,341],{"class":85},[49,147132,54034],{"class":458},[49,147134,1244],{"class":85},[49,147136,147137,147139,147141,147143,147145,147147],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,147138,41083],{"class":55},[49,147140,60],{"class":59},[49,147142,145752],{"class":109},[49,147144,92],{"class":85},[49,147146,3556],{"class":88},[49,147148,103],{"class":85},[49,147150,147151,147153,147155,147157],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,147152,110],{"class":109},[49,147154,92],{"class":85},[49,147156,41112],{"class":88},[49,147158,103],{"class":85},[353,147160,147162],{"id":147161},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[40,147164,147166],{"className":42,"code":147165,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147167,147168,147188,147196,147200,147212,147220,147224],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147169,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147171,3525],{"class":55},[49,147173,60],{"class":59},[49,147175,3530],{"class":85},[49,147177,2407],{"class":458},[49,147179,341],{"class":85},[49,147181,493],{"class":458},[49,147183,341],{"class":85},[49,147185,54034],{"class":458},[49,147187,1244],{"class":85},[49,147189,147190,147192,147194],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,147191,41083],{"class":55},[49,147193,60],{"class":59},[49,147195,38415],{"class":458},[49,147197,147198],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,147199,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,147201,147202,147204,147206,147208,147210],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,147203,5865],{"class":1210},[49,147205,6294],{"class":55},[49,147207,3788],{"class":1210},[49,147209,4169],{"class":55},[49,147211,1226],{"class":85},[49,147213,147214,147216,147218],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,147215,89982],{"class":55},[49,147217,89985],{"class":59},[49,147219,89988],{"class":55},[49,147221,147222],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,147223,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,147225,147226,147228,147230,147232],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,147227,110],{"class":109},[49,147229,92],{"class":85},[49,147231,41112],{"class":88},[49,147233,103],{"class":85},[20,147235,147236],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147238,2390,147239,147241],{},[15,147240,145699],{}," is often better:",[194,147243,147244,147247,147250],{},[197,147245,147246],{},"Shorter code",[197,147248,147249],{},"Easier to read",[197,147251,147252],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147254,147255],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[194,147257,147258,147261,147264],{},[197,147259,147260],{},"You need to skip some values",[197,147262,147263],{},"You need extra checks",[197,147265,147266],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147268,147269,147270,147273,147274,147276],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[820,147271,147272],{"href":39911},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147275,145699],{}," on the filtered result.",[181,147278,1308],{"id":1307},[20,147280,147281,147282,1197],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147283,145699],{},[194,147285,147286,147292,147299,147306],{},[197,147287,147288,147289],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147290,147291],{},"sum(5)",[197,147293,147294,147295,147298],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147296,147297],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[197,147300,644,147301,147303,147304],{},[15,147302,145699],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147305,133147],{},[197,147307,147308],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147310,8780,147311,147313],{},[15,147312,145699],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[40,147315,147317],{"className":42,"code":147316,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147318,147319,147329,147343,147367],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147320,147321,147323,147325,147327],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147322,110],{"class":109},[49,147324,92],{"class":85},[49,147326,5266],{"class":88},[49,147328,103],{"class":85},[49,147330,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,147332,110],{"class":109},[49,147334,92],{"class":85},[49,147336,3127],{"class":2804},[49,147338,92],{"class":85},[49,147340,5266],{"class":88},[49,147342,1581],{"class":85},[49,147344,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,147346,110],{"class":109},[49,147348,2889],{"class":85},[49,147350,3127],{"class":2804},[49,147352,92],{"class":85},[49,147354,283],{"class":88},[49,147356,118],{"class":85},[49,147358,3782],{"class":1210},[49,147360,3785],{"class":88},[49,147362,3788],{"class":1210},[49,147364,3791],{"class":88},[49,147366,3794],{"class":85},[49,147368,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385,147387,147389,147391,147393],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,147370,110],{"class":109},[49,147372,92],{"class":85},[49,147374,145822],{"class":109},[49,147376,2889],{"class":85},[49,147378,2090],{"class":2804},[49,147380,92],{"class":85},[49,147382,283],{"class":88},[49,147384,118],{"class":85},[49,147386,3782],{"class":1210},[49,147388,3785],{"class":88},[49,147390,3788],{"class":1210},[49,147392,3791],{"class":88},[49,147394,2903],{"class":85},[20,147396,135718],{},[194,147398,147399,147405,147411,147416],{},[197,147400,147401,147404],{},[15,147402,147403],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[197,147406,147407,147410],{},[15,147408,147409],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[197,147412,147413,135740],{},[15,147414,147415],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[197,147417,147418,147421],{},[15,147419,147420],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[181,147423,1704],{"id":1703},[353,147425,5050,147427,5053],{"id":147426},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147428,145699],{},[20,147430,147431],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[353,147433,5077,147435,147437],{"id":147434},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147436,145699],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147439,30176,147440,634,147443,147446],{},[15,147441,147442],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147444,147445],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[353,147448,5077,147450,147452],{"id":147449},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147451,145699],{}," work with floats?",[20,147454,147455],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[353,147457,147459,147460,2394],{"id":147458},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147461,145699],{},[20,147463,147464,147465,147467],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147466,368],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[353,147469,5065,147471,119266,147473,2394],{"id":147470},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147472,145699],{},[15,147474,2909],{},[20,147476,147477],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[181,147479,1775],{"id":1774},[194,147481,147482,147486,147492,147498,147504,147508,147512],{},[197,147483,147484],{},[820,147485,146182],{"href":2321},[197,147487,147488],{},[820,147489,3482,147490,3415],{"href":36099},[15,147491,36102],{},[197,147493,147494],{},[820,147495,3482,147496,3415],{"href":42258},[15,147497,42261],{},[197,147499,147500],{},[820,147501,3482,147502,3415],{"href":42075},[15,147503,47583],{},[197,147505,147506],{},[820,147507,5128],{"href":39911},[197,147509,147510],{},[820,147511,3432],{"href":2865},[197,147513,147514],{},[820,147515,147093],{"href":134985},[1834,147517,147518],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":147520},[147521,147522,147524,147525,147526,147528,147536,147542,147549,147555,147556,147568],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":145778,"depth":74,"text":147523},"What sum() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":145956,"depth":74,"text":147527},"Using the start value",{"id":146058,"depth":74,"text":147529,"children":147530},"What sum() can work with",[147531,147532,147533,147535],{"id":40327,"depth":106,"text":40328},{"id":51945,"depth":106,"text":146124},{"id":146185,"depth":106,"text":147534},"Values from range()",{"id":146233,"depth":106,"text":146234},{"id":146307,"depth":74,"text":147537,"children":147538},"What sum() does not work with",[147539,147540,147541],{"id":146318,"depth":106,"text":146319},{"id":146435,"depth":106,"text":146436},{"id":146493,"depth":106,"text":146494},{"id":41404,"depth":74,"text":41405,"children":147543},[147544,147545,147546,147547],{"id":6429,"depth":106,"text":6430},{"id":146629,"depth":106,"text":146630},{"id":146777,"depth":106,"text":146778},{"id":146914,"depth":106,"text":147548},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147096,"depth":74,"text":147550,"children":147551},"sum() vs manual loop",[147552,147554],{"id":147107,"depth":106,"text":147553},"Using sum()",{"id":147161,"depth":106,"text":147162},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":147557},[147558,147560,147562,147564,147566],{"id":147426,"depth":106,"text":147559},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147434,"depth":106,"text":147561},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147449,"depth":106,"text":147563},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147458,"depth":106,"text":147565},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147470,"depth":106,"text":147567},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145691,"description":147569},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147576,"title":147577,"body":147578,"description":148980,"extension":1866,"meta":148981,"navigation":128,"path":148982,"seo":148983,"stem":148984,"__hash__":148985},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147579,"toc":148948},[147580,147586,147592,147595,147658,147664,147669,147673,147690,147704,147708,147728,147742,147744,147837,147839,147853,147855,147858,147947,147949,147957,147966,147968,147972,147993,147995,148087,148089,148110,148112,148116,148130,148132,148206,148208,148227,148231,148234,148257,148259,148370,148377,148385,148387,148393,148396,148439,148442,148465,148473,148477,148552,148558,148583,148590,148593,148596,148600,148605,148693,148701,148705,148708,148733,148737,148798,148802,148851,148861,148863,148868,148871,148877,148880,148884,148888,148894,148897,148905,148913,148915,148945],[10,147581,147583,147584,18],{"id":147582},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147585,57188],{},[20,147587,147588,147591],{},[15,147589,147590],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147593,147594],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[40,147596,147598],{"className":42,"code":147597,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147599,147600,147628,147646],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147601,147602,147604,147606,147608,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147603,3525],{"class":55},[49,147605,60],{"class":59},[49,147607,9142],{"class":85},[49,147609,1223],{"class":458},[49,147611,341],{"class":85},[49,147613,2896],{"class":458},[49,147615,341],{"class":85},[49,147617,2896],{"class":458},[49,147619,341],{"class":85},[49,147621,2354],{"class":458},[49,147623,341],{"class":85},[49,147625,2896],{"class":458},[49,147627,103],{"class":85},[49,147629,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,147631,2131],{"class":55},[49,147633,60],{"class":59},[49,147635,4169],{"class":55},[49,147637,32],{"class":85},[49,147639,41160],{"class":88},[49,147641,92],{"class":85},[49,147643,312],{"class":458},[49,147645,103],{"class":85},[49,147647,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,147649,110],{"class":109},[49,147651,92],{"class":85},[49,147653,2166],{"class":88},[49,147655,118],{"class":85},[49,147657,50671],{"class":121},[20,147659,35,147660,147663],{},[15,147661,147662],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[181,147665,184,147667,187],{"id":147666},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147668,147590],{},[20,147670,147671,1197],{},[15,147672,147662],{},[194,147674,147675,147681,147684,147687],{},[197,147676,147677,147678,147680],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147679,338],{}," appears in the tuple",[197,147682,147683],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[197,147685,147686],{},"Returns an integer",[197,147688,147689],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147691,147692,147693,147695,147696,634,147700,32],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147694,57188],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[820,147697,147699],{"href":147698},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[820,147701,147703],{"href":147702},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[181,147705,147707],{"id":147706},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[40,147709,147711],{"className":42,"code":147710,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147712,147713],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147714,147715,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147716,147717],{"class":55},"my_tuple",[49,147719,32],{"class":85},[49,147721,41160],{"class":88},[49,147723,92],{"class":85},[49,147725,338],{"class":88},[49,147727,103],{"class":85},[194,147729,147730,147734,147737],{},[197,147731,147732,57353],{},[15,147733,338],{},[197,147735,147736],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[197,147738,147739,147740],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147741,516],{},[353,147743,102981],{"id":102980},[40,147745,147747],{"className":42,"code":147746,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147748,147749,147789,147813],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147750,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147752,12984],{"class":55},[49,147754,60],{"class":59},[49,147756,9142],{"class":85},[49,147758,95],{"class":63},[49,147760,13001],{"class":67},[49,147762,95],{"class":63},[49,147764,341],{"class":85},[49,147766,64],{"class":63},[49,147768,13018],{"class":67},[49,147770,95],{"class":63},[49,147772,341],{"class":85},[49,147774,64],{"class":63},[49,147776,13001],{"class":67},[49,147778,95],{"class":63},[49,147780,341],{"class":85},[49,147782,64],{"class":63},[49,147784,17365],{"class":67},[49,147786,95],{"class":63},[49,147788,103],{"class":85},[49,147790,147791,147793,147795,147797,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,147792,110],{"class":109},[49,147794,92],{"class":85},[49,147796,17412],{"class":88},[49,147798,32],{"class":85},[49,147800,41160],{"class":88},[49,147802,92],{"class":85},[49,147804,95],{"class":63},[49,147806,13001],{"class":67},[49,147808,95],{"class":63},[49,147810,261],{"class":85},[49,147812,264],{"class":121},[49,147814,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829,147831,147833,147835],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,147816,110],{"class":109},[49,147818,92],{"class":85},[49,147820,17412],{"class":88},[49,147822,32],{"class":85},[49,147824,41160],{"class":88},[49,147826,92],{"class":85},[49,147828,95],{"class":63},[49,147830,22433],{"class":67},[49,147832,95],{"class":63},[49,147834,261],{"class":85},[49,147836,898],{"class":121},[20,147838,19868],{},[194,147840,147841,147846],{},[197,147842,147843,147845],{},[15,147844,65278],{}," appears 2 times",[197,147847,147848,147850,147851],{},[15,147849,109677],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147852,516],{},[181,147854,11381],{"id":11380},[20,147856,147857],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[40,147859,147861],{"className":42,"code":147860,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147862,147863,147911,147915,147937],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147864,147865,147867,147869,147871,147873,147875,147877,147879,147881,147883,147885,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147866,36143],{"class":55},[49,147868,60],{"class":59},[49,147870,9142],{"class":85},[49,147872,95],{"class":63},[49,147874,3985],{"class":67},[49,147876,95],{"class":63},[49,147878,341],{"class":85},[49,147880,64],{"class":63},[49,147882,230],{"class":67},[49,147884,95],{"class":63},[49,147886,341],{"class":85},[49,147888,64],{"class":63},[49,147890,3985],{"class":67},[49,147892,95],{"class":63},[49,147894,341],{"class":85},[49,147896,64],{"class":63},[49,147898,33128],{"class":67},[49,147900,95],{"class":63},[49,147902,341],{"class":85},[49,147904,64],{"class":63},[49,147906,3985],{"class":67},[49,147908,95],{"class":63},[49,147910,103],{"class":85},[49,147912,147913],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,147914,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,147916,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,147918,2131],{"class":55},[49,147920,60],{"class":59},[49,147922,52749],{"class":55},[49,147924,32],{"class":85},[49,147926,41160],{"class":88},[49,147928,92],{"class":85},[49,147930,95],{"class":63},[49,147932,3985],{"class":67},[49,147934,95],{"class":63},[49,147936,103],{"class":85},[49,147938,147939,147941,147943,147945],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,147940,110],{"class":109},[49,147942,92],{"class":85},[49,147944,2166],{"class":88},[49,147946,103],{"class":85},[20,147948,1974],{},[40,147950,147951],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,147952,147953],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,147954,147955],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,147956,46516],{"class":458},[20,147958,147959,147961,147962,1000,147964,32],{},[15,147960,57729],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147963,57188],{},[15,147965,1965],{},[181,147967,502],{"id":501},[20,147969,505,147970,508],{},[15,147971,57188],{},[194,147973,147974,147979,147984,147987],{},[197,147975,205,147976,147978],{},[15,147977,516],{}," when the value does not exist",[197,147980,205,147981,147983],{},[15,147982,1223],{}," when the value appears once",[197,147985,147986],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[197,147988,147989,147990,147992],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147991,1211],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147994,214],{},[40,147996,147998],{"className":42,"code":147997,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147999,148000,148041,148045,148072],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148001,148002,148005,148007,148009,148011,148013,148015,148017,148019,148021,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037,148039],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148003,148004],{"class":55},"answers ",[49,148006,60],{"class":59},[49,148008,9142],{"class":85},[49,148010,95],{"class":63},[49,148012,8563],{"class":67},[49,148014,95],{"class":63},[49,148016,341],{"class":85},[49,148018,64],{"class":63},[49,148020,8504],{"class":67},[49,148022,95],{"class":63},[49,148024,341],{"class":85},[49,148026,64],{"class":63},[49,148028,8563],{"class":67},[49,148030,95],{"class":63},[49,148032,341],{"class":85},[49,148034,64],{"class":63},[49,148036,8563],{"class":67},[49,148038,95],{"class":63},[49,148040,103],{"class":85},[49,148042,148043],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,148044,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,148046,148047,148049,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,148048,1211],{"class":1210},[49,148050,148051],{"class":55}," answers",[49,148053,32],{"class":85},[49,148055,41160],{"class":88},[49,148057,92],{"class":85},[49,148059,95],{"class":63},[49,148061,8563],{"class":67},[49,148063,95],{"class":63},[49,148065,118],{"class":85},[49,148067,38298],{"class":59},[49,148069,1264],{"class":458},[49,148071,1226],{"class":85},[49,148073,148074,148076,148078,148080,148083,148085],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,148075,1273],{"class":109},[49,148077,92],{"class":85},[49,148079,95],{"class":63},[49,148081,148082],{"class":67},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[49,148084,95],{"class":63},[49,148086,103],{"class":85},[20,148088,1974],{},[40,148090,148092],{"className":42,"code":148091,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148093,148094],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148095,148096,148099,148101,148103,148105,148108],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148097,148098],{"class":55},"The answer ",[49,148100,1573],{"class":63},[49,148102,8563],{"class":67},[49,148104,1573],{"class":63},[49,148106,148107],{"class":55}," appears more than once",[49,148109,122260],{"class":85},[181,148111,1136],{"id":1135},[20,148113,1139,148114,104444],{},[15,148115,147590],{},[194,148117,148118,148121,148124,148127],{},[197,148119,148120],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[197,148122,148123],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[197,148125,148126],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[197,148128,148129],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148131,214],{},[40,148133,148135],{"className":42,"code":148134,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148136,148137,148165,148169,148191],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148138,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155,148157,148159,148161,148163],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148140,4971],{"class":55},[49,148142,60],{"class":59},[49,148144,9142],{"class":85},[49,148146,2233],{"class":458},[49,148148,341],{"class":85},[49,148150,7698],{"class":458},[49,148152,341],{"class":85},[49,148154,5911],{"class":458},[49,148156,341],{"class":85},[49,148158,7703],{"class":458},[49,148160,341],{"class":85},[49,148162,5911],{"class":458},[49,148164,103],{"class":85},[49,148166,148167],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,148168,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,148170,148171,148173,148175,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,148172,1211],{"class":1210},[49,148174,5018],{"class":55},[49,148176,32],{"class":85},[49,148178,41160],{"class":88},[49,148180,92],{"class":85},[49,148182,2233],{"class":458},[49,148184,118],{"class":85},[49,148186,51187],{"class":59},[49,148188,2896],{"class":458},[49,148190,1226],{"class":85},[49,148192,148193,148195,148197,148199,148202,148204],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,148194,1273],{"class":109},[49,148196,92],{"class":85},[49,148198,95],{"class":63},[49,148200,148201],{"class":67},"The score 10 is repeated.",[49,148203,95],{"class":63},[49,148205,103],{"class":85},[20,148207,1974],{},[40,148209,148211],{"className":42,"code":148210,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148212,148213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148214,148215,148218,148220,148222,148225],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148216,148217],{"class":55},"The score ",[49,148219,2233],{"class":458},[49,148221,8005],{"class":59},[49,148223,148224],{"class":55}," repeated",[49,148226,122260],{"class":85},[181,148228,148230],{"id":148229},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148232,148233],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[194,148235,148236,148242,148247,148250],{},[197,148237,148238,148239,148241],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148240,57188],{}," still works because it only reads data",[197,148243,148244,148246],{},[15,148245,57188],{}," counts exact matches",[197,148248,148249],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[197,148251,148252,380,148254,148256],{},[15,148253,1223],{},[15,148255,42058],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148258,214],{},[40,148260,148262],{"className":42,"code":148261,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148263,148264,148298,148302,148322,148346],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148265,148266,148268,148270,148272,148274,148276,148279,148281,148283,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148267,3729],{"class":55},[49,148269,60],{"class":59},[49,148271,9142],{"class":85},[49,148273,1223],{"class":458},[49,148275,341],{"class":85},[49,148277,148278],{"class":458}," 1.0",[49,148280,341],{"class":85},[49,148282,64],{"class":63},[49,148284,148285],{"class":67},"Cat",[49,148287,95],{"class":63},[49,148289,341],{"class":85},[49,148291,64],{"class":63},[49,148293,36952],{"class":67},[49,148295,95],{"class":63},[49,148297,103],{"class":85},[49,148299,148300],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,148301,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,148303,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,148305,110],{"class":109},[49,148307,92],{"class":85},[49,148309,5266],{"class":88},[49,148311,32],{"class":85},[49,148313,41160],{"class":88},[49,148315,92],{"class":85},[49,148317,1223],{"class":458},[49,148319,261],{"class":85},[49,148321,50994],{"class":121},[49,148323,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336,148338,148340,148342,148344],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,148325,110],{"class":109},[49,148327,92],{"class":85},[49,148329,5266],{"class":88},[49,148331,32],{"class":85},[49,148333,41160],{"class":88},[49,148335,92],{"class":85},[49,148337,95],{"class":63},[49,148339,148285],{"class":67},[49,148341,95],{"class":63},[49,148343,261],{"class":85},[49,148345,27685],{"class":121},[49,148347,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,148349,110],{"class":109},[49,148351,92],{"class":85},[49,148353,5266],{"class":88},[49,148355,32],{"class":85},[49,148357,41160],{"class":88},[49,148359,92],{"class":85},[49,148361,95],{"class":63},[49,148363,36952],{"class":67},[49,148365,95],{"class":63},[49,148367,261],{"class":85},[49,148369,27685],{"class":121},[20,148371,5065,148372,5068,148375,2394],{},[15,148373,148374],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148376,312],{},[20,148378,8690,148379,4690,148382,148384],{},[15,148380,148381],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148383,633],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[181,148386,1308],{"id":1307},[353,148388,644,148390,148392],{"id":148389},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148391,41160],{}," without parentheses",[20,148394,148395],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[40,148397,148399],{"className":42,"code":148398,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148400,148401,148425],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148402,148403,148405,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148404,3525],{"class":55},[49,148406,60],{"class":59},[49,148408,9142],{"class":85},[49,148410,1223],{"class":458},[49,148412,341],{"class":85},[49,148414,2896],{"class":458},[49,148416,341],{"class":85},[49,148418,2896],{"class":458},[49,148420,341],{"class":85},[49,148422,2354],{"class":458},[49,148424,103],{"class":85},[49,148426,148427,148429,148431,148433,148435,148437],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,148428,110],{"class":109},[49,148430,92],{"class":85},[49,148432,3556],{"class":88},[49,148434,32],{"class":85},[49,148436,41160],{"class":24660},[49,148438,103],{"class":85},[20,148440,148441],{},"To call the method correctly:",[40,148443,148445],{"className":42,"code":148444,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148446,148447],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148448,148449,148451,148453,148455,148457,148459,148461,148463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148450,110],{"class":109},[49,148452,92],{"class":85},[49,148454,3556],{"class":88},[49,148456,32],{"class":85},[49,148458,41160],{"class":88},[49,148460,92],{"class":85},[49,148462,312],{"class":458},[49,148464,1581],{"class":85},[353,148466,1318,148467,630,148469,634,148471],{"id":58489},[15,148468,57188],{},[15,148470,633],{},[15,148472,637],{},[20,148474,148475,58500],{},[15,148476,57188],{},[40,148478,148480],{"className":42,"code":148479,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148481,148482,148514,148536,148540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148483,148484,148486,148488,148490,148492,148494,148496,148498,148500,148502,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148485,35994],{"class":55},[49,148487,60],{"class":59},[49,148489,9142],{"class":85},[49,148491,95],{"class":63},[49,148493,820],{"class":67},[49,148495,95],{"class":63},[49,148497,341],{"class":85},[49,148499,64],{"class":63},[49,148501,4667],{"class":67},[49,148503,95],{"class":63},[49,148505,341],{"class":85},[49,148507,64],{"class":63},[49,148509,820],{"class":67},[49,148511,95],{"class":63},[49,148513,103],{"class":85},[49,148515,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532,148534],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,148517,2131],{"class":55},[49,148519,60],{"class":59},[49,148521,69977],{"class":55},[49,148523,32],{"class":85},[49,148525,41160],{"class":88},[49,148527,92],{"class":85},[49,148529,95],{"class":63},[49,148531,820],{"class":67},[49,148533,95],{"class":63},[49,148535,103],{"class":85},[49,148537,148538],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,148539,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,148541,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,148543,110],{"class":109},[49,148545,92],{"class":85},[49,148547,2166],{"class":88},[49,148549,118],{"class":85},[49,148551,51314],{"class":121},[20,148553,148554,148555,148557],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148556,3788],{}," is often simpler:",[40,148559,148561],{"className":42,"code":148560,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148562,148563],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148564,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148566,110],{"class":109},[49,148568,92],{"class":85},[49,148570,95],{"class":63},[49,148572,820],{"class":67},[49,148574,95],{"class":63},[49,148576,21083],{"class":1210},[49,148578,69977],{"class":88},[49,148580,118],{"class":85},[49,148582,3571],{"class":121},[353,148584,1339,148586,1342,148588],{"id":148585},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148587,147590],{},[15,148589,57193],{},[20,148591,148592],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148594,148595],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[353,148597,148599],{"id":148598},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148601,148602,148604],{},[15,148603,57188],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[40,148606,148608],{"className":42,"code":148607,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148609,148610,148643,148669],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148611,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148631,148633,148635,148637,148639,148641],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148613,3976],{"class":55},[49,148615,60],{"class":59},[49,148617,9142],{"class":85},[49,148619,95],{"class":63},[49,148621,3985],{"class":67},[49,148623,95],{"class":63},[49,148625,341],{"class":85},[49,148627,64],{"class":63},[49,148629,148630],{"class":67},"pineapple",[49,148632,95],{"class":63},[49,148634,341],{"class":85},[49,148636,64],{"class":63},[49,148638,3985],{"class":67},[49,148640,95],{"class":63},[49,148642,103],{"class":85},[49,148644,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653,148655,148657,148659,148662,148664,148666],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,148646,110],{"class":109},[49,148648,92],{"class":85},[49,148650,4019],{"class":88},[49,148652,32],{"class":85},[49,148654,41160],{"class":88},[49,148656,92],{"class":85},[49,148658,95],{"class":63},[49,148660,148661],{"class":67},"app",[49,148663,95],{"class":63},[49,148665,261],{"class":85},[49,148667,148668],{"class":121},"    # 0\n",[49,148670,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,148672,110],{"class":109},[49,148674,92],{"class":85},[49,148676,4019],{"class":88},[49,148678,32],{"class":85},[49,148680,41160],{"class":88},[49,148682,92],{"class":85},[49,148684,95],{"class":63},[49,148686,3985],{"class":67},[49,148688,95],{"class":63},[49,148690,261],{"class":85},[49,148692,51314],{"class":121},[20,148694,148695,148698,148699,32],{},[15,148696,148697],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148700,516],{},[181,148702,148704],{"id":148703},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148706,148707],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[194,148709,148710,148715,148724,148730],{},[197,148711,35,148712,148714],{},[15,148713,3788],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[197,148716,35,148717,148723],{},[820,148718,148720,148721],{"href":148719},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148722,986],{}," to find the position of a value",[197,148725,35,148726,148729],{},[15,148727,148728],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[197,148731,148732],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148734,45939,148735,1197],{},[15,148736,3788],{},[40,148738,148740],{"className":42,"code":148739,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148741,148742,148762,148766,148782],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148743,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752,148754,148756,148758,148760],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148745,3525],{"class":55},[49,148747,60],{"class":59},[49,148749,9142],{"class":85},[49,148751,2407],{"class":458},[49,148753,341],{"class":85},[49,148755,493],{"class":458},[49,148757,341],{"class":85},[49,148759,54034],{"class":458},[49,148761,103],{"class":85},[49,148763,148764],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,148765,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,148767,148768,148770,148772,148774,148776,148778,148780],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,148769,110],{"class":109},[49,148771,92],{"class":85},[49,148773,1929],{"class":458},[49,148775,21083],{"class":1210},[49,148777,4169],{"class":88},[49,148779,118],{"class":85},[49,148781,43754],{"class":121},[49,148783,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,148785,110],{"class":109},[49,148787,92],{"class":85},[49,148789,2040],{"class":458},[49,148791,21083],{"class":1210},[49,148793,4169],{"class":88},[49,148795,118],{"class":85},[49,148797,43771],{"class":121},[20,148799,45939,148800,1197],{},[15,148801,986],{},[40,148803,148805],{"className":42,"code":148804,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148806,148807,148831],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,148808,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,148810,3525],{"class":55},[49,148812,60],{"class":59},[49,148814,9142],{"class":85},[49,148816,2407],{"class":458},[49,148818,341],{"class":85},[49,148820,493],{"class":458},[49,148822,341],{"class":85},[49,148824,54034],{"class":458},[49,148826,341],{"class":85},[49,148828,493],{"class":458},[49,148830,103],{"class":85},[49,148832,148833,148835,148837,148839,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,148834,110],{"class":109},[49,148836,92],{"class":85},[49,148838,3556],{"class":88},[49,148840,32],{"class":85},[49,148842,1100],{"class":88},[49,148844,92],{"class":85},[49,148846,1929],{"class":458},[49,148848,261],{"class":85},[49,148850,27685],{"class":121},[20,148852,148853,148855,148856,148858,148860],{},[15,148854,57188],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9753,148857],{},[15,148859,986],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[181,148862,1704],{"id":1703},[353,148864,5050,148866,5053],{"id":148865},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148867,147590],{},[20,148869,148870],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[353,148872,1720,148874,148876],{"id":148873},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148875,147590],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148878,148879],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[353,148881,148883],{"id":148882},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148885,11818,148886,32],{},[15,148887,516],{},[353,148889,5077,148891,148893],{"id":148890},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148892,147590],{}," count strings?",[20,148895,148896],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[353,148898,1740,148900,380,148902,2394],{"id":148899},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148901,147590],{},[15,148903,148904],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148906,148907,148909,148910,148912],{},[15,148908,57188],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148911,986],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[181,148914,1775],{"id":1774},[194,148916,148917,148921,148926,148933,148941],{},[197,148918,148919],{},[820,148920,147699],{"href":147698},[197,148922,148923],{},[820,148924,148925],{"href":147702},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[197,148927,148928],{},[820,148929,148930,148931,1785],{"href":148719},"Python tuple ",[15,148932,986],{},[197,148934,148935],{},[820,148936,148938,148939],{"href":148937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148940,42261],{},[197,148942,148943],{},[820,148944,58852],{"href":58851},[1834,148946,148947],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":148949},[148950,148952,148955,148956,148957,148958,148959,148967,148968,148979],{"id":147666,"depth":74,"text":148951},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147706,"depth":74,"text":147707,"children":148953},[148954],{"id":102980,"depth":106,"text":102981},{"id":11380,"depth":74,"text":11381},{"id":501,"depth":74,"text":502},{"id":1135,"depth":74,"text":1136},{"id":148229,"depth":74,"text":148230},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":148960},[148961,148963,148964,148966],{"id":148389,"depth":106,"text":148962},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58489,"depth":106,"text":58904},{"id":148585,"depth":106,"text":148965},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148598,"depth":106,"text":148599},{"id":148703,"depth":74,"text":148704},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":148969},[148970,148972,148974,148975,148977],{"id":148865,"depth":106,"text":148971},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148873,"depth":106,"text":148973},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148882,"depth":106,"text":148883},{"id":148890,"depth":106,"text":148976},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148899,"depth":106,"text":148978},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147577,"description":148980},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148987,"title":148988,"body":148989,"description":150676,"extension":1866,"meta":150677,"navigation":128,"path":150678,"seo":150679,"stem":150680,"__hash__":150681},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148990,"toc":150639},[148991,148994,148997,149006,149008,149138,149140,149201,149207,149209,149229,149233,149236,149239,149274,149276,149297,149300,149339,149341,149366,149373,149377,149380,149417,149419,149442,149445,149448,149460,149466,149470,149473,149479,149520,149522,149545,149548,149589,149591,149618,149620,149637,149639,149656,149659,149663,149666,149668,149702,149704,149751,149755,149794,149798,149801,149858,149860,149901,149907,149913,149918,149920,149957,149959,149979,149981,150014,150016,150049,150052,150056,150089,150091,150116,150119,150121,150135,150142,150144,150147,150151,150154,150189,150192,150227,150231,150234,150273,150276,150315,150319,150321,150351,150354,150361,150363,150395,150398,150430,150433,150464,150466,150483,150487,150490,150554,150556,150560,150567,150571,150574,150578,150581,150585,150588,150593,150599,150601,150636],[10,148992,148988],{"id":148993},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148995,148996],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148998,148999,149000,634,149004,32],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[820,149001,149003],{"href":149002},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[820,149005,147699],{"href":147698},[181,149007,1907],{"id":1906},[40,149009,149011],{"className":42,"code":149010,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149012,149013,149033,149042,149056,149092,149096,149106,149116,149127],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149014,149015,149017,149019,149021,149023,149025,149027,149029,149031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149016,3525],{"class":55},[49,149018,60],{"class":59},[49,149020,9142],{"class":85},[49,149022,1223],{"class":458},[49,149024,341],{"class":85},[49,149026,2896],{"class":458},[49,149028,341],{"class":85},[49,149030,2354],{"class":458},[49,149032,103],{"class":85},[49,149034,149035,149037,149039],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149036,124711],{"class":55},[49,149038,60],{"class":59},[49,149040,149041],{"class":85}," ()\n",[49,149043,149044,149047,149049,149051,149053],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,149045,149046],{"class":55},"one_item ",[49,149048,60],{"class":59},[49,149050,9142],{"class":85},[49,149052,2040],{"class":458},[49,149054,149055],{"class":85},",)\n",[49,149057,149058,149061,149063,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088,149090],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,149059,149060],{"class":55},"from_list ",[49,149062,60],{"class":59},[49,149064,149065],{"class":2804}," tuple",[49,149067,2889],{"class":85},[49,149069,95],{"class":63},[49,149071,820],{"class":67},[49,149073,95],{"class":63},[49,149075,341],{"class":85},[49,149077,64],{"class":63},[49,149079,4667],{"class":67},[49,149081,95],{"class":63},[49,149083,341],{"class":85},[49,149085,64],{"class":63},[49,149087,9646],{"class":67},[49,149089,95],{"class":63},[49,149091,3794],{"class":85},[49,149093,149094],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,149095,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,149097,149098,149100,149102,149104],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,149099,110],{"class":109},[49,149101,92],{"class":85},[49,149103,3556],{"class":88},[49,149105,103],{"class":85},[49,149107,149108,149110,149112,149114],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,149109,110],{"class":109},[49,149111,92],{"class":85},[49,149113,124762],{"class":88},[49,149115,103],{"class":85},[49,149117,149118,149120,149122,149125],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,149119,110],{"class":109},[49,149121,92],{"class":85},[49,149123,149124],{"class":88},"one_item",[49,149126,103],{"class":85},[49,149128,149129,149131,149133,149136],{"class":51,"line":6337},[49,149130,110],{"class":109},[49,149132,92],{"class":85},[49,149134,149135],{"class":88},"from_list",[49,149137,103],{"class":85},[20,149139,1974],{},[40,149141,149143],{"className":42,"code":149142,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149144,149145,149161,149165,149173],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149146,149147,149149,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149148,92],{"class":85},[49,149150,1223],{"class":458},[49,149152,341],{"class":85},[49,149154,2896],{"class":458},[49,149156,341],{"class":85},[49,149158,2354],{"class":458},[49,149160,103],{"class":85},[49,149162,149163],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149164,8548],{"class":85},[49,149166,149167,149169,149171],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,149168,92],{"class":85},[49,149170,2040],{"class":458},[49,149172,149055],{"class":85},[49,149174,149175,149177,149179,149181,149183,149185,149187,149189,149191,149193,149195,149197,149199],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,149176,92],{"class":85},[49,149178,1573],{"class":63},[49,149180,820],{"class":67},[49,149182,1573],{"class":63},[49,149184,341],{"class":85},[49,149186,3202],{"class":63},[49,149188,4667],{"class":67},[49,149190,1573],{"class":63},[49,149192,341],{"class":85},[49,149194,3202],{"class":63},[49,149196,9646],{"class":67},[49,149198,1573],{"class":63},[49,149200,103],{"class":85},[20,149202,149203,149204,32],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149205,149206],{},"(5,)",[181,149208,15073],{"id":15072},[194,149210,149211,149214,149217,149220,149223,149226],{},[197,149212,149213],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[197,149215,149216],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[197,149218,149219],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[197,149221,149222],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[197,149224,149225],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[197,149227,149228],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[181,149230,149232],{"id":149231},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149234,149235],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149237,149238],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[40,149240,149242],{"className":42,"code":149241,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149243,149244,149264],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149245,149246,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149247,3525],{"class":55},[49,149249,60],{"class":59},[49,149251,9142],{"class":85},[49,149253,1223],{"class":458},[49,149255,341],{"class":85},[49,149257,2896],{"class":458},[49,149259,341],{"class":85},[49,149261,2354],{"class":458},[49,149263,103],{"class":85},[49,149265,149266,149268,149270,149272],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149267,110],{"class":109},[49,149269,92],{"class":85},[49,149271,3556],{"class":88},[49,149273,103],{"class":85},[20,149275,1974],{},[40,149277,149279],{"className":42,"code":149278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149280,149281],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149282,149283,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149284,92],{"class":85},[49,149286,1223],{"class":458},[49,149288,341],{"class":85},[49,149290,2896],{"class":458},[49,149292,341],{"class":85},[49,149294,2354],{"class":458},[49,149296,103],{"class":85},[20,149298,149299],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[40,149301,149303],{"className":42,"code":149302,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149304,149305,149329],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149306,149307,149309,149311,149313,149315,149317,149319,149321,149323,149325,149327],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149308,9071],{"class":55},[49,149310,60],{"class":59},[49,149312,9142],{"class":85},[49,149314,1223],{"class":458},[49,149316,341],{"class":85},[49,149318,64],{"class":63},[49,149320,3985],{"class":67},[49,149322,95],{"class":63},[49,149324,341],{"class":85},[49,149326,3821],{"class":3757},[49,149328,103],{"class":85},[49,149330,149331,149333,149335,149337],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149332,110],{"class":109},[49,149334,92],{"class":85},[49,149336,9110],{"class":88},[49,149338,103],{"class":85},[20,149340,1974],{},[40,149342,149344],{"className":42,"code":149343,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149345,149346],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149347,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149349,92],{"class":85},[49,149351,1223],{"class":458},[49,149353,341],{"class":85},[49,149355,3202],{"class":63},[49,149357,3985],{"class":67},[49,149359,1573],{"class":63},[49,149361,341],{"class":85},[49,149363,3821],{"class":3757},[49,149365,103],{"class":85},[20,149367,149368,149369,32],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[820,149370,149372],{"href":149371},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[181,149374,149376],{"id":149375},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149378,149379],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[40,149381,149383],{"className":42,"code":149382,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149384,149385,149393,149403],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149386,149387,149389,149391],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149388,124711],{"class":55},[49,149390,60],{"class":59},[49,149392,149041],{"class":85},[49,149394,149395,149397,149399,149401],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149396,110],{"class":109},[49,149398,92],{"class":85},[49,149400,124762],{"class":88},[49,149402,103],{"class":85},[49,149404,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,149406,110],{"class":109},[49,149408,92],{"class":85},[49,149410,3127],{"class":2804},[49,149412,92],{"class":85},[49,149414,124762],{"class":88},[49,149416,1581],{"class":85},[20,149418,1974],{},[40,149420,149422],{"className":42,"code":149421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149423,149424,149428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149425,149426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149427,8548],{"class":85},[49,149429,149430,149432,149434,149436,149438,149440],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149431,3196],{"class":59},[49,149433,3199],{"class":1968},[49,149435,3202],{"class":63},[49,149437,48853],{"class":67},[49,149439,1573],{"class":63},[49,149441,3209],{"class":59},[20,149443,149444],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149446,149447],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[194,149449,149450,149455],{},[197,149451,149452,149453],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149454,7272],{},[197,149456,149457,149458],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149459,3693],{},[20,149461,149462,149463,32],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[820,149464,149465],{"href":57051},"Python list: creating a list",[181,149467,149469],{"id":149468},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149471,149472],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149474,149475,149476,149478],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[666,149477,4536],{}," automatically a tuple:",[40,149480,149482],{"className":42,"code":149481,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149483,149484,149496,149506],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149485,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149487,2349],{"class":55},[49,149489,60],{"class":59},[49,149491,9142],{"class":85},[49,149493,2040],{"class":458},[49,149495,103],{"class":85},[49,149497,149498,149500,149502,149504],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149499,110],{"class":109},[49,149501,92],{"class":85},[49,149503,338],{"class":88},[49,149505,103],{"class":85},[49,149507,149508,149510,149512,149514,149516,149518],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,149509,110],{"class":109},[49,149511,92],{"class":85},[49,149513,3127],{"class":2804},[49,149515,92],{"class":85},[49,149517,338],{"class":88},[49,149519,1581],{"class":85},[20,149521,1974],{},[40,149523,149525],{"className":42,"code":149524,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149526,149527,149531],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149528,149529],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149530,2850],{"class":458},[49,149532,149533,149535,149537,149539,149541,149543],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149534,3196],{"class":59},[49,149536,3199],{"class":1968},[49,149538,3202],{"class":63},[49,149540,2090],{"class":67},[49,149542,1573],{"class":63},[49,149544,3209],{"class":59},[20,149546,149547],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[40,149549,149551],{"className":42,"code":149550,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149552,149553,149565,149575],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149554,149555,149557,149559,149561,149563],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149556,149046],{"class":55},[49,149558,60],{"class":59},[49,149560,9142],{"class":85},[49,149562,2040],{"class":458},[49,149564,149055],{"class":85},[49,149566,149567,149569,149571,149573],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149568,110],{"class":109},[49,149570,92],{"class":85},[49,149572,149124],{"class":88},[49,149574,103],{"class":85},[49,149576,149577,149579,149581,149583,149585,149587],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,149578,110],{"class":109},[49,149580,92],{"class":85},[49,149582,3127],{"class":2804},[49,149584,92],{"class":85},[49,149586,149124],{"class":88},[49,149588,1581],{"class":85},[20,149590,1974],{},[40,149592,149594],{"className":42,"code":149593,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149595,149596,149604],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149597,149598,149600,149602],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149599,92],{"class":85},[49,149601,2040],{"class":458},[49,149603,149055],{"class":85},[49,149605,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149607,3196],{"class":59},[49,149609,3199],{"class":1968},[49,149611,3202],{"class":63},[49,149613,48853],{"class":67},[49,149615,1573],{"class":63},[49,149617,3209],{"class":59},[20,149619,16567],{},[40,149621,149623],{"className":42,"code":149622,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149624,149625],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149626,149627,149629,149631,149633,149635],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149628,92],{"class":85},[49,149630,95],{"class":63},[49,149632,3985],{"class":67},[49,149634,95],{"class":63},[49,149636,149055],{"class":85},[20,149638,16555],{},[40,149640,149642],{"className":42,"code":149641,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149643,149644],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149645,149646,149648,149650,149652,149654],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149647,92],{"class":85},[49,149649,95],{"class":63},[49,149651,3985],{"class":67},[49,149653,95],{"class":63},[49,149655,103],{"class":85},[20,149657,149658],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[181,149660,149662],{"id":149661},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149664,149665],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[353,149667,56359],{"id":3556},[40,149669,149670],{"className":42,"code":149241,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,149671,149672,149692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149673,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149675,3525],{"class":55},[49,149677,60],{"class":59},[49,149679,9142],{"class":85},[49,149681,1223],{"class":458},[49,149683,341],{"class":85},[49,149685,2896],{"class":458},[49,149687,341],{"class":85},[49,149689,2354],{"class":458},[49,149691,103],{"class":85},[49,149693,149694,149696,149698,149700],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149695,110],{"class":109},[49,149697,92],{"class":85},[49,149699,3556],{"class":88},[49,149701,103],{"class":85},[353,149703,56362],{"id":5216},[40,149705,149707],{"className":42,"code":149706,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149708,149709,149741],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149710,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731,149733,149735,149737,149739],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149712,12984],{"class":55},[49,149714,60],{"class":59},[49,149716,9142],{"class":85},[49,149718,95],{"class":63},[49,149720,13001],{"class":67},[49,149722,95],{"class":63},[49,149724,341],{"class":85},[49,149726,64],{"class":63},[49,149728,17365],{"class":67},[49,149730,95],{"class":63},[49,149732,341],{"class":85},[49,149734,64],{"class":63},[49,149736,13018],{"class":67},[49,149738,95],{"class":63},[49,149740,103],{"class":85},[49,149742,149743,149745,149747,149749],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149744,110],{"class":109},[49,149746,92],{"class":85},[49,149748,17412],{"class":88},[49,149750,103],{"class":85},[353,149752,149754],{"id":149753},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[40,149756,149758],{"className":42,"code":149757,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149759,149760,149784],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149761,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149763,59368],{"class":55},[49,149765,60],{"class":59},[49,149767,9142],{"class":85},[49,149769,1223],{"class":458},[49,149771,341],{"class":85},[49,149773,64],{"class":63},[49,149775,3985],{"class":67},[49,149777,95],{"class":63},[49,149779,341],{"class":85},[49,149781,3821],{"class":3757},[49,149783,103],{"class":85},[49,149785,149786,149788,149790,149792],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149787,110],{"class":109},[49,149789,92],{"class":85},[49,149791,59421],{"class":88},[49,149793,103],{"class":85},[353,149795,149797],{"id":149796},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149799,149800],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[40,149802,149804],{"className":42,"code":149803,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149805,149806,149847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149807,149808,149811,149813,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149809,149810],{"class":55},"nested ",[49,149812,60],{"class":59},[49,149814,9142],{"class":85},[49,149816,1223],{"class":458},[49,149818,341],{"class":85},[49,149820,9142],{"class":85},[49,149822,95],{"class":63},[49,149824,820],{"class":67},[49,149826,95],{"class":63},[49,149828,341],{"class":85},[49,149830,64],{"class":63},[49,149832,4667],{"class":67},[49,149834,95],{"class":63},[49,149836,9139],{"class":85},[49,149838,3530],{"class":85},[49,149840,2233],{"class":458},[49,149842,341],{"class":85},[49,149844,7698],{"class":458},[49,149846,3794],{"class":85},[49,149848,149849,149851,149853,149856],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149850,110],{"class":109},[49,149852,92],{"class":85},[49,149854,149855],{"class":88},"nested",[49,149857,103],{"class":85},[20,149859,1974],{},[40,149861,149863],{"className":42,"code":149862,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149864,149865],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149866,149867,149869,149871,149873,149875,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887,149889,149891,149893,149895,149897,149899],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149868,92],{"class":85},[49,149870,1223],{"class":458},[49,149872,341],{"class":85},[49,149874,9142],{"class":85},[49,149876,1573],{"class":63},[49,149878,820],{"class":67},[49,149880,1573],{"class":63},[49,149882,341],{"class":85},[49,149884,3202],{"class":63},[49,149886,4667],{"class":67},[49,149888,1573],{"class":63},[49,149890,9139],{"class":85},[49,149892,3530],{"class":85},[49,149894,2233],{"class":458},[49,149896,341],{"class":85},[49,149898,7698],{"class":458},[49,149900,3794],{"class":85},[181,149902,149904,149905],{"id":149903},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149906,37949],{},[20,149908,149909,149910,149912],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149911,37949],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149914,149915,149916,32],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[820,149917,63108],{"href":63107},[353,149919,105121],{"id":105120},[40,149921,149923],{"className":42,"code":149922,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149924,149925,149947],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149926,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149928,3525],{"class":55},[49,149930,60],{"class":59},[49,149932,149065],{"class":2804},[49,149934,2889],{"class":85},[49,149936,1223],{"class":458},[49,149938,341],{"class":85},[49,149940,2896],{"class":458},[49,149942,341],{"class":85},[49,149944,2354],{"class":458},[49,149946,3794],{"class":85},[49,149948,149949,149951,149953,149955],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,149950,110],{"class":109},[49,149952,92],{"class":85},[49,149954,3556],{"class":88},[49,149956,103],{"class":85},[20,149958,1974],{},[40,149960,149961],{"className":42,"code":149278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,149962,149963],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149964,149965,149967,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149966,92],{"class":85},[49,149968,1223],{"class":458},[49,149970,341],{"class":85},[49,149972,2896],{"class":458},[49,149974,341],{"class":85},[49,149976,2354],{"class":458},[49,149978,103],{"class":85},[353,149980,105307],{"id":105306},[40,149982,149984],{"className":42,"code":149983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149985,149986,150004],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,149987,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,149989,35994],{"class":55},[49,149991,60],{"class":59},[49,149993,149065],{"class":2804},[49,149995,92],{"class":85},[49,149997,95],{"class":63},[49,149999,41461],{"class":67},[49,150001,95],{"class":63},[49,150003,103],{"class":85},[49,150005,150006,150008,150010,150012],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150007,110],{"class":109},[49,150009,92],{"class":85},[49,150011,36047],{"class":88},[49,150013,103],{"class":85},[20,150015,1974],{},[40,150017,150019],{"className":42,"code":150018,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150020,150021],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150022,150023,150025,150027,150029,150031,150033,150035,150037,150039,150041,150043,150045,150047],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150024,92],{"class":85},[49,150026,1573],{"class":63},[49,150028,820],{"class":67},[49,150030,1573],{"class":63},[49,150032,341],{"class":85},[49,150034,3202],{"class":63},[49,150036,4667],{"class":67},[49,150038,1573],{"class":63},[49,150040,341],{"class":85},[49,150042,3202],{"class":63},[49,150044,9646],{"class":67},[49,150046,1573],{"class":63},[49,150048,103],{"class":85},[20,150050,150051],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[353,150053,150055],{"id":150054},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[40,150057,150059],{"className":42,"code":150058,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150060,150061,150079],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150062,150063,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150064,3729],{"class":55},[49,150066,60],{"class":59},[49,150068,149065],{"class":2804},[49,150070,92],{"class":85},[49,150072,59894],{"class":109},[49,150074,92],{"class":85},[49,150076,2407],{"class":458},[49,150078,1581],{"class":85},[49,150080,150081,150083,150085,150087],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150082,110],{"class":109},[49,150084,92],{"class":85},[49,150086,5266],{"class":88},[49,150088,103],{"class":85},[20,150090,1974],{},[40,150092,150094],{"className":42,"code":150093,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150095,150096],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150097,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150099,92],{"class":85},[49,150101,516],{"class":458},[49,150103,341],{"class":85},[49,150105,1264],{"class":458},[49,150107,341],{"class":85},[49,150109,2896],{"class":458},[49,150111,341],{"class":85},[49,150113,2354],{"class":458},[49,150115,103],{"class":85},[20,150117,150118],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[181,150120,20710],{"id":20709},[194,150122,150123,150126,150129,150132],{},[197,150124,150125],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[197,150127,150128],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[197,150130,150131],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[197,150133,150134],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150136,150137,150138,32],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[820,150139,150141],{"href":150140},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[181,150143,1308],{"id":1307},[20,150145,150146],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[353,150148,150150],{"id":150149},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150152,150153],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[40,150155,150157],{"className":42,"code":150156,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150158,150159,150175],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150160,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150162,28443],{"class":55},[49,150164,60],{"class":59},[49,150166,9142],{"class":85},[49,150168,95],{"class":63},[49,150170,3985],{"class":67},[49,150172,95],{"class":63},[49,150174,103],{"class":85},[49,150176,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150178,110],{"class":109},[49,150180,92],{"class":85},[49,150182,3127],{"class":2804},[49,150184,92],{"class":85},[49,150186,23220],{"class":88},[49,150188,1581],{"class":85},[20,150190,150191],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[40,150193,150195],{"className":42,"code":150194,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150196,150197,150213],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150198,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150200,28443],{"class":55},[49,150202,60],{"class":59},[49,150204,9142],{"class":85},[49,150206,95],{"class":63},[49,150208,3985],{"class":67},[49,150210,95],{"class":63},[49,150212,149055],{"class":85},[49,150214,150215,150217,150219,150221,150223,150225],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150216,110],{"class":109},[49,150218,92],{"class":85},[49,150220,3127],{"class":2804},[49,150222,92],{"class":85},[49,150224,23220],{"class":88},[49,150226,1581],{"class":85},[353,150228,150230],{"id":150229},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150232,150233],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[40,150235,150237],{"className":42,"code":150236,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150238,150239,150259],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150240,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249,150251,150253,150255,150257],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150242,3729],{"class":55},[49,150244,60],{"class":59},[49,150246,3530],{"class":85},[49,150248,1223],{"class":458},[49,150250,341],{"class":85},[49,150252,2896],{"class":458},[49,150254,341],{"class":85},[49,150256,2354],{"class":458},[49,150258,1244],{"class":85},[49,150260,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150262,110],{"class":109},[49,150264,92],{"class":85},[49,150266,3127],{"class":2804},[49,150268,92],{"class":85},[49,150270,5266],{"class":88},[49,150272,1581],{"class":85},[20,150274,150275],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[40,150277,150279],{"className":42,"code":150278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150280,150281,150301],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150282,150283,150285,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150284,3729],{"class":55},[49,150286,60],{"class":59},[49,150288,9142],{"class":85},[49,150290,1223],{"class":458},[49,150292,341],{"class":85},[49,150294,2896],{"class":458},[49,150296,341],{"class":85},[49,150298,2354],{"class":458},[49,150300,103],{"class":85},[49,150302,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150304,110],{"class":109},[49,150306,92],{"class":85},[49,150308,3127],{"class":2804},[49,150310,92],{"class":85},[49,150312,5266],{"class":88},[49,150314,1581],{"class":85},[353,150316,150318],{"id":150317},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150320,150131],{},[40,150322,150324],{"className":42,"code":150323,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150325,150326,150346],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150327,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342,150344],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150329,3525],{"class":55},[49,150331,60],{"class":59},[49,150333,9142],{"class":85},[49,150335,1223],{"class":458},[49,150337,341],{"class":85},[49,150339,2896],{"class":458},[49,150341,341],{"class":85},[49,150343,2354],{"class":458},[49,150345,103],{"class":85},[49,150347,150348],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150349,150350],{"class":121},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150352,150353],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[353,150355,1339,150357,150360],{"id":150356},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150358,150359],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150362,64533],{},[40,150364,150365],{"className":42,"code":149983,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,150366,150367,150385],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150368,150369,150371,150373,150375,150377,150379,150381,150383],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150370,35994],{"class":55},[49,150372,60],{"class":59},[49,150374,149065],{"class":2804},[49,150376,92],{"class":85},[49,150378,95],{"class":63},[49,150380,41461],{"class":67},[49,150382,95],{"class":63},[49,150384,103],{"class":85},[49,150386,150387,150389,150391,150393],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150388,110],{"class":109},[49,150390,92],{"class":85},[49,150392,36047],{"class":88},[49,150394,103],{"class":85},[20,150396,150397],{},"gives:",[40,150399,150400],{"className":42,"code":150018,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,150401,150402],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150403,150404,150406,150408,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150405,92],{"class":85},[49,150407,1573],{"class":63},[49,150409,820],{"class":67},[49,150411,1573],{"class":63},[49,150413,341],{"class":85},[49,150415,3202],{"class":63},[49,150417,4667],{"class":67},[49,150419,1573],{"class":63},[49,150421,341],{"class":85},[49,150423,3202],{"class":63},[49,150425,9646],{"class":67},[49,150427,1573],{"class":63},[49,150429,103],{"class":85},[20,150431,150432],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[40,150434,150436],{"className":42,"code":150435,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150437,150438,150454],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150439,150440,150442,150444,150446,150448,150450,150452],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150441,6061],{"class":55},[49,150443,60],{"class":59},[49,150445,9142],{"class":85},[49,150447,95],{"class":63},[49,150449,41461],{"class":67},[49,150451,95],{"class":63},[49,150453,149055],{"class":85},[49,150455,150456,150458,150460,150462],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150457,110],{"class":109},[49,150459,92],{"class":85},[49,150461,1576],{"class":88},[49,150463,103],{"class":85},[20,150465,1974],{},[40,150467,150469],{"className":42,"code":150468,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('abc',)\n",[15,150470,150471],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150472,150473,150475,150477,150479,150481],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150474,92],{"class":85},[49,150476,1573],{"class":63},[49,150478,41461],{"class":67},[49,150480,1573],{"class":63},[49,150482,149055],{"class":85},[353,150484,150486],{"id":150485},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150488,150489],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[40,150491,150493],{"className":42,"code":150492,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150494,150495,150512,150516,150526,150540],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150496,150497,150500,150502,150504,150506,150508,150510],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150498,150499],{"class":55},"my_tuple ",[49,150501,60],{"class":59},[49,150503,9142],{"class":85},[49,150505,95],{"class":63},[49,150507,3985],{"class":67},[49,150509,95],{"class":63},[49,150511,149055],{"class":85},[49,150513,150514],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150515,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,150517,150518,150520,150522,150524],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,150519,110],{"class":109},[49,150521,92],{"class":85},[49,150523,147717],{"class":88},[49,150525,103],{"class":85},[49,150527,150528,150530,150532,150534,150536,150538],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,150529,110],{"class":109},[49,150531,92],{"class":85},[49,150533,3127],{"class":2804},[49,150535,92],{"class":85},[49,150537,147717],{"class":88},[49,150539,1581],{"class":85},[49,150541,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,150543,110],{"class":109},[49,150545,92],{"class":85},[49,150547,1631],{"class":109},[49,150549,92],{"class":85},[49,150551,147717],{"class":88},[49,150553,1581],{"class":85},[181,150555,1704],{"id":1703},[353,150557,150559],{"id":150558},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150561,150562,150563,150566],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150564,150565],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[353,150568,150570],{"id":150569},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150572,150573],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[353,150575,150577],{"id":150576},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150579,150580],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[353,150582,150584],{"id":150583},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150586,150587],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[353,150589,5050,150591,12623],{"id":150590},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150592,150359],{},[20,150594,1714,150595,150598],{},[15,150596,150597],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[181,150600,1775],{"id":1774},[194,150602,150603,150607,150611,150617,150622,150627,150631],{},[197,150604,150605],{},[820,150606,147699],{"href":147698},[197,150608,150609],{},[820,150610,149372],{"href":149371},[197,150612,150613],{},[820,150614,150616],{"href":150615},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[197,150618,150619],{},[820,150620,150621],{"href":148937},"Python tuple length with len()",[197,150623,150624],{},[820,150625,150626],{"href":149002},"What is a tuple in Python?",[197,150628,150629],{},[820,150630,63108],{"href":63107},[197,150632,150633],{},[820,150634,150635],{"href":150140},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1834,150637,150638],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":150640},[150641,150642,150643,150644,150645,150646,150652,150658,150659,150667,150675],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":15072,"depth":74,"text":15073},{"id":149231,"depth":74,"text":149232},{"id":149375,"depth":74,"text":149376},{"id":149468,"depth":74,"text":149469},{"id":149661,"depth":74,"text":149662,"children":150647},[150648,150649,150650,150651],{"id":3556,"depth":106,"text":56359},{"id":5216,"depth":106,"text":56362},{"id":149753,"depth":106,"text":149754},{"id":149796,"depth":106,"text":149797},{"id":149903,"depth":74,"text":150653,"children":150654},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150655,150656,150657],{"id":105120,"depth":106,"text":105121},{"id":105306,"depth":106,"text":105307},{"id":150054,"depth":106,"text":150055},{"id":20709,"depth":74,"text":20710},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":150660},[150661,150662,150663,150664,150666],{"id":150149,"depth":106,"text":150150},{"id":150229,"depth":106,"text":150230},{"id":150317,"depth":106,"text":150318},{"id":150356,"depth":106,"text":150665},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150485,"depth":106,"text":150486},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":150668},[150669,150670,150671,150672,150673],{"id":150558,"depth":106,"text":150559},{"id":150569,"depth":106,"text":150570},{"id":150576,"depth":106,"text":150577},{"id":150583,"depth":106,"text":150584},{"id":150590,"depth":106,"text":150674},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148988,"description":150676},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150683,"title":150684,"body":150685,"description":152230,"extension":1866,"meta":152231,"navigation":128,"path":152232,"seo":152233,"stem":152234,"__hash__":152235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150686,"toc":152200},[150687,150690,150695,150697,150710,150716,150718,150785,150787,150822,150827,150831,150835,150837,150848,150856,150858,150860,150881,150883,150903,150906,150908,150913,150956,150958,150980,150983,150996,151000,151004,151007,151060,151062,151083,151088,151092,151095,151140,151142,151175,151187,151191,151199,151236,151238,151267,151271,151274,151327,151329,151349,151356,151360,151365,151434,151436,151461,151465,151468,151474,151551,151553,151612,151614,151626,151631,151635,151639,151653,151655,151690,151692,151709,151712,151725,151729,151733,151744,151749,151764,151767,151770,151772,151775,151779,151781,151795,151797,151821,151826,151830,151833,151852,151855,151904,151909,151926,151929,151962,151966,151968,152019,152022,152047,152050,152073,152077,152083,152085,152120,152123,152128,152130,152134,152137,152141,152146,152150,152153,152157,152160,152164,152169,152171,152197],[10,150688,150684],{"id":150689},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150691,9028,150692,150694],{},[15,150693,37949],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150696,82465],{},[194,150698,150699,150704],{},[197,150700,150701,150703],{},[15,150702,37949],{}," creates an empty tuple",[197,150705,150706,150709],{},[15,150707,150708],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150711,150712,150713,150715],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150714,37949],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[181,150717,1907],{"id":1906},[40,150719,150721],{"className":42,"code":150720,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150722,150723,150743,150757,150761,150771],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150724,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150726,3525],{"class":55},[49,150728,60],{"class":59},[49,150730,3530],{"class":85},[49,150732,1223],{"class":458},[49,150734,341],{"class":85},[49,150736,2896],{"class":458},[49,150738,341],{"class":85},[49,150740,2354],{"class":458},[49,150742,1244],{"class":85},[49,150744,150745,150747,150749,150751,150753,150755],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150746,2131],{"class":55},[49,150748,60],{"class":59},[49,150750,149065],{"class":2804},[49,150752,92],{"class":85},[49,150754,3556],{"class":88},[49,150756,103],{"class":85},[49,150758,150759],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,150760,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,150762,150763,150765,150767,150769],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,150764,110],{"class":109},[49,150766,92],{"class":85},[49,150768,2166],{"class":88},[49,150770,103],{"class":85},[49,150772,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,150774,110],{"class":109},[49,150776,92],{"class":85},[49,150778,3127],{"class":2804},[49,150780,92],{"class":85},[49,150782,2166],{"class":88},[49,150784,1581],{"class":85},[20,150786,1974],{},[40,150788,150790],{"className":42,"code":150789,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150791,150792,150808],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150793,150794,150796,150798,150800,150802,150804,150806],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150795,92],{"class":85},[49,150797,1223],{"class":458},[49,150799,341],{"class":85},[49,150801,2896],{"class":458},[49,150803,341],{"class":85},[49,150805,2354],{"class":458},[49,150807,103],{"class":85},[49,150809,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818,150820],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150811,3196],{"class":59},[49,150813,3199],{"class":1968},[49,150815,3202],{"class":63},[49,150817,48853],{"class":67},[49,150819,1573],{"class":63},[49,150821,3209],{"class":59},[20,150823,35,150824,150826],{},[15,150825,150708],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[181,150828,150830],{"id":150829},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150832,150833,62816],{},[15,150834,37949],{},[20,150836,48827],{},[194,150838,150839,150842,150845],{},[197,150840,150841],{},"creates a tuple object",[197,150843,150844],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[197,150846,150847],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150849,150850,150851,150853,150854,32],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[820,150852,149003],{"href":149002}," or the full guide to ",[820,150855,147699],{"href":147698},[181,150857,316],{"id":315},[20,150859,26395],{},[40,150861,150863],{"className":42,"code":150862,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150864,150865,150871],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150866,150867,150869],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150868,48853],{"class":2804},[49,150870,8548],{"class":85},[49,150872,150873,150875,150877,150879],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150874,48853],{"class":2804},[49,150876,92],{"class":85},[49,150878,3626],{"class":88},[49,150880,103],{"class":85},[20,150882,11364],{},[194,150884,150885,150888],{},[197,150886,150887],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[197,150889,150890,150891],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[194,150892,150893,150895,150897,150899,150901],{},[197,150894,5207],{},[197,150896,5216],{},[197,150898,62887],{},[197,150900,5213],{},[197,150902,7157],{},[20,150904,150905],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[181,150907,149376],{"id":149375},[20,150909,29555,150910,150912],{},[15,150911,37949],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[40,150914,150916],{"className":42,"code":150915,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150917,150918,150928,150932,150942],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150919,150920,150922,150924,150926],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150921,124711],{"class":55},[49,150923,60],{"class":59},[49,150925,149065],{"class":2804},[49,150927,8548],{"class":85},[49,150929,150930],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150931,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,150933,150934,150936,150938,150940],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,150935,110],{"class":109},[49,150937,92],{"class":85},[49,150939,124762],{"class":88},[49,150941,103],{"class":85},[49,150943,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,150945,110],{"class":109},[49,150947,92],{"class":85},[49,150949,3127],{"class":2804},[49,150951,92],{"class":85},[49,150953,124762],{"class":88},[49,150955,1581],{"class":85},[20,150957,1974],{},[40,150959,150960],{"className":42,"code":149421,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,150961,150962,150966],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150963,150964],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150965,8548],{"class":85},[49,150967,150968,150970,150972,150974,150976,150978],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,150969,3196],{"class":59},[49,150971,3199],{"class":1968},[49,150973,3202],{"class":63},[49,150975,48853],{"class":67},[49,150977,1573],{"class":63},[49,150979,3209],{"class":59},[20,150981,150982],{},"This is equivalent to:",[40,150984,150986],{"className":42,"code":150985,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty = ()\n",[15,150987,150988],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,150989,150990,150992,150994],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,150991,124711],{"class":55},[49,150993,60],{"class":59},[49,150995,149041],{"class":85},[181,150997,150999],{"id":150998},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[353,151001,151003],{"id":151002},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151005,151006],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[40,151008,151010],{"className":42,"code":151009,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151011,151012,151032,151046,151050],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151013,151014,151016,151018,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151015,3525],{"class":55},[49,151017,60],{"class":59},[49,151019,3530],{"class":85},[49,151021,2233],{"class":458},[49,151023,341],{"class":85},[49,151025,7698],{"class":458},[49,151027,341],{"class":85},[49,151029,7703],{"class":458},[49,151031,1244],{"class":85},[49,151033,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042,151044],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,151035,2131],{"class":55},[49,151037,60],{"class":59},[49,151039,149065],{"class":2804},[49,151041,92],{"class":85},[49,151043,3556],{"class":88},[49,151045,103],{"class":85},[49,151047,151048],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,151049,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,151051,151052,151054,151056,151058],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,151053,110],{"class":109},[49,151055,92],{"class":85},[49,151057,2166],{"class":88},[49,151059,103],{"class":85},[20,151061,1974],{},[40,151063,151065],{"className":42,"code":151064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151066,151067],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151068,151069,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079,151081],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151070,92],{"class":85},[49,151072,2233],{"class":458},[49,151074,341],{"class":85},[49,151076,7698],{"class":458},[49,151078,341],{"class":85},[49,151080,7703],{"class":458},[49,151082,103],{"class":85},[20,151084,151085,151086,32],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[820,151087,104926],{"href":59951},[353,151089,151091],{"id":151090},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151093,151094],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[40,151096,151098],{"className":42,"code":151097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151099,151100,151112,151126,151130],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151101,151102,151104,151106,151108,151110],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151103,56],{"class":55},[49,151105,60],{"class":59},[49,151107,64],{"class":63},[49,151109,36952],{"class":67},[49,151111,71],{"class":63},[49,151113,151114,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,151115,2131],{"class":55},[49,151117,60],{"class":59},[49,151119,149065],{"class":2804},[49,151121,92],{"class":85},[49,151123,245],{"class":88},[49,151125,103],{"class":85},[49,151127,151128],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,151129,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,151131,151132,151134,151136,151138],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,151133,110],{"class":109},[49,151135,92],{"class":85},[49,151137,2166],{"class":88},[49,151139,103],{"class":85},[20,151141,1974],{},[40,151143,151145],{"className":42,"code":151144,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151146,151147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151148,151149,151151,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165,151167,151169,151171,151173],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151150,92],{"class":85},[49,151152,1573],{"class":63},[49,151154,9646],{"class":67},[49,151156,1573],{"class":63},[49,151158,341],{"class":85},[49,151160,3202],{"class":63},[49,151162,820],{"class":67},[49,151164,1573],{"class":63},[49,151166,341],{"class":85},[49,151168,3202],{"class":63},[49,151170,63177],{"class":67},[49,151172,1573],{"class":63},[49,151174,103],{"class":85},[20,151176,151177,151178,13963,151181,151183,151184,32],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151179,151180],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[666,151182,4536],{}," create ",[15,151185,151186],{},"('cat',)",[353,151188,151190],{"id":151189},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151192,151193,151195,151196,151198],{},[15,151194,36102],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151197,37949],{}," collects them all.",[40,151200,151202],{"className":42,"code":151201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151203,151204,151222,151226],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151205,151206,151208,151210,151212,151214,151216,151218,151220],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151207,2131],{"class":55},[49,151209,60],{"class":59},[49,151211,149065],{"class":2804},[49,151213,92],{"class":85},[49,151215,59894],{"class":109},[49,151217,92],{"class":85},[49,151219,2040],{"class":458},[49,151221,1581],{"class":85},[49,151223,151224],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,151225,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,151227,151228,151230,151232,151234],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,151229,110],{"class":109},[49,151231,92],{"class":85},[49,151233,2166],{"class":88},[49,151235,103],{"class":85},[20,151237,1974],{},[40,151239,151241],{"className":42,"code":151240,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151242,151243],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151244,151245,151247,151249,151251,151253,151255,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151246,92],{"class":85},[49,151248,516],{"class":458},[49,151250,341],{"class":85},[49,151252,1264],{"class":458},[49,151254,341],{"class":85},[49,151256,2896],{"class":458},[49,151258,341],{"class":85},[49,151260,2354],{"class":458},[49,151262,341],{"class":85},[49,151264,808],{"class":458},[49,151266,103],{"class":85},[353,151268,151270],{"id":151269},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151272,151273],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[40,151275,151277],{"className":42,"code":151276,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151278,151279,151299,151313,151317],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151280,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295,151297],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151282,3729],{"class":55},[49,151284,60],{"class":59},[49,151286,10398],{"class":85},[49,151288,1223],{"class":458},[49,151290,341],{"class":85},[49,151292,2896],{"class":458},[49,151294,341],{"class":85},[49,151296,2354],{"class":458},[49,151298,9215],{"class":85},[49,151300,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309,151311],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,151302,2131],{"class":55},[49,151304,60],{"class":59},[49,151306,149065],{"class":2804},[49,151308,92],{"class":85},[49,151310,5266],{"class":88},[49,151312,103],{"class":85},[49,151314,151315],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,151316,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,151318,151319,151321,151323,151325],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,151320,110],{"class":109},[49,151322,92],{"class":85},[49,151324,2166],{"class":88},[49,151326,103],{"class":85},[20,151328,1974],{},[40,151330,151331],{"className":42,"code":149278,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,151332,151333],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151334,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151336,92],{"class":85},[49,151338,1223],{"class":458},[49,151340,341],{"class":85},[49,151342,2896],{"class":458},[49,151344,341],{"class":85},[49,151346,2354],{"class":458},[49,151348,103],{"class":85},[20,151350,151351,151352,32],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[820,151353,151355],{"href":151354},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[353,151357,151359],{"id":151358},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151361,63430,151362,151364],{},[15,151363,37949],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[40,151366,151368],{"className":42,"code":151367,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151369,151370,151406,151420,151424],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151371,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151373,13113],{"class":55},[49,151375,60],{"class":59},[49,151377,10398],{"class":85},[49,151379,95],{"class":63},[49,151381,7575],{"class":67},[49,151383,95],{"class":63},[49,151385,1197],{"class":85},[49,151387,64],{"class":63},[49,151389,12788],{"class":67},[49,151391,95],{"class":63},[49,151393,341],{"class":85},[49,151395,64],{"class":63},[49,151397,9205],{"class":67},[49,151399,95],{"class":63},[49,151401,1197],{"class":85},[49,151403,9212],{"class":458},[49,151405,9215],{"class":85},[49,151407,151408,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,151409,2131],{"class":55},[49,151411,60],{"class":59},[49,151413,149065],{"class":2804},[49,151415,92],{"class":85},[49,151417,17218],{"class":88},[49,151419,103],{"class":85},[49,151421,151422],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,151423,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,151425,151426,151428,151430,151432],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,151427,110],{"class":109},[49,151429,92],{"class":85},[49,151431,2166],{"class":88},[49,151433,103],{"class":85},[20,151435,29935],{},[40,151437,151439],{"className":42,"code":151438,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151440,151441],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151442,151443,151445,151447,151449,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151444,92],{"class":85},[49,151446,1573],{"class":63},[49,151448,7575],{"class":67},[49,151450,1573],{"class":63},[49,151452,341],{"class":85},[49,151454,3202],{"class":63},[49,151456,9205],{"class":67},[49,151458,1573],{"class":63},[49,151460,103],{"class":85},[181,151462,151464],{"id":151463},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151466,151467],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151469,151470,151473],{},[15,151471,151472],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[40,151475,151477],{"className":42,"code":151476,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151478,151479,151515,151519,151533],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151480,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495,151497,151499,151501,151503,151505,151507,151509,151511,151513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151482,13113],{"class":55},[49,151484,60],{"class":59},[49,151486,10398],{"class":85},[49,151488,95],{"class":63},[49,151490,7575],{"class":67},[49,151492,95],{"class":63},[49,151494,1197],{"class":85},[49,151496,64],{"class":63},[49,151498,12788],{"class":67},[49,151500,95],{"class":63},[49,151502,341],{"class":85},[49,151504,64],{"class":63},[49,151506,9205],{"class":67},[49,151508,95],{"class":63},[49,151510,1197],{"class":85},[49,151512,9212],{"class":458},[49,151514,9215],{"class":85},[49,151516,151517],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,151518,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,151520,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,151522,110],{"class":109},[49,151524,92],{"class":85},[49,151526,48853],{"class":2804},[49,151528,92],{"class":85},[49,151530,17218],{"class":88},[49,151532,1581],{"class":85},[49,151534,151535,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,151536,110],{"class":109},[49,151538,92],{"class":85},[49,151540,48853],{"class":2804},[49,151542,92],{"class":85},[49,151544,17218],{"class":88},[49,151546,32],{"class":85},[49,151548,7718],{"class":88},[49,151550,6197],{"class":85},[20,151552,1974],{},[40,151554,151556],{"className":42,"code":151555,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151557,151558,151578],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151559,151560,151562,151564,151566,151568,151570,151572,151574,151576],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151561,92],{"class":85},[49,151563,1573],{"class":63},[49,151565,7575],{"class":67},[49,151567,1573],{"class":63},[49,151569,341],{"class":85},[49,151571,3202],{"class":63},[49,151573,9205],{"class":67},[49,151575,1573],{"class":63},[49,151577,103],{"class":85},[49,151579,151580,151582,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592,151594,151596,151598,151600,151602,151604,151606,151608,151610],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,151581,5417],{"class":85},[49,151583,1573],{"class":63},[49,151585,7575],{"class":67},[49,151587,1573],{"class":63},[49,151589,341],{"class":85},[49,151591,3202],{"class":63},[49,151593,12788],{"class":67},[49,151595,1573],{"class":63},[49,151597,9139],{"class":85},[49,151599,9142],{"class":85},[49,151601,1573],{"class":63},[49,151603,9205],{"class":67},[49,151605,1573],{"class":63},[49,151607,341],{"class":85},[49,151609,9212],{"class":458},[49,151611,1581],{"class":85},[20,151613,18605],{},[194,151615,151616,151621],{},[197,151617,151618,151620],{},[15,151619,151472],{}," for keys",[197,151622,151623,32464],{},[15,151624,151625],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151627,151628,151629,32],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[820,151630,63440],{"href":63439},[181,151632,151634],{"id":151633},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151636,151637,18229],{},[15,151638,37949],{},[194,151640,151641,151644,151647,151650],{},[197,151642,151643],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[197,151645,151646],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[197,151648,151649],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[197,151651,151652],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151654,214],{},[40,151656,151658],{"className":42,"code":151657,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151659,151660,151679],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151661,151662,151665,151667,151669,151671,151673,151675,151677],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151663,151664],{"class":55},"coordinates ",[49,151666,60],{"class":59},[49,151668,149065],{"class":2804},[49,151670,2889],{"class":85},[49,151672,2407],{"class":458},[49,151674,341],{"class":85},[49,151676,493],{"class":458},[49,151678,3794],{"class":85},[49,151680,151681,151683,151685,151688],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,151682,110],{"class":109},[49,151684,92],{"class":85},[49,151686,151687],{"class":88},"coordinates",[49,151689,103],{"class":85},[20,151691,1974],{},[40,151693,151695],{"className":42,"code":151694,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151696,151697],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151698,151699,151701,151703,151705,151707],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151700,92],{"class":85},[49,151702,2407],{"class":458},[49,151704,341],{"class":85},[49,151706,493],{"class":458},[49,151708,103],{"class":85},[20,151710,151711],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[194,151713,151714,151716,151719,151722],{},[197,151715,151687],{},[197,151717,151718],{},"RGB colors",[197,151720,151721],{},"dates",[197,151723,151724],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[181,151726,151728],{"id":151727},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151730,44328,151731,10508],{},[15,151732,37949],{},[194,151734,151735,151738,151741],{},[197,151736,151737],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[197,151739,151740],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[197,151742,151743],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151745,116353,151746,151748],{},[666,151747,4536],{}," work:",[40,151750,151752],{"className":42,"code":151751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151753,151754],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151755,151756,151758,151760,151762],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151757,48853],{"class":2804},[49,151759,92],{"class":85},[49,151761,2040],{"class":458},[49,151763,103],{"class":85},[20,151765,151766],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151768,151769],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[181,151771,115191],{"id":115190},[20,151773,151774],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[353,151776,151778],{"id":151777},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151780,2739],{},[40,151782,151783],{"className":42,"code":151751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,151784,151785],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151786,151787,151789,151791,151793],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151788,48853],{"class":2804},[49,151790,92],{"class":85},[49,151792,2040],{"class":458},[49,151794,103],{"class":85},[20,151796,29586],{},[40,151798,151799],{"className":42,"code":63544,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,151800,151801],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151802,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151804,2909],{"class":2804},[49,151806,1197],{"class":85},[49,151808,3202],{"class":63},[49,151810,2090],{"class":67},[49,151812,1573],{"class":63},[49,151814,24527],{"class":2804},[49,151816,8005],{"class":59},[49,151818,8008],{"class":59},[49,151820,63567],{"class":55},[20,151822,151823,151824,32],{},"If you see this, read ",[820,151825,62181],{"href":52498},[353,151827,151829],{"id":151828},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151831,151832],{},"This code:",[40,151834,151836],{"className":42,"code":151835,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151837,151838],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151839,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848,151850],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151841,48853],{"class":2804},[49,151843,92],{"class":85},[49,151845,95],{"class":63},[49,151847,917],{"class":67},[49,151849,95],{"class":63},[49,151851,103],{"class":85},[20,151853,151854],{},"returns:",[40,151856,151858],{"className":42,"code":151857,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151859,151860],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151861,151862,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888,151890,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900,151902],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151863,92],{"class":85},[49,151865,1573],{"class":63},[49,151867,1391],{"class":67},[49,151869,1573],{"class":63},[49,151871,341],{"class":85},[49,151873,3202],{"class":63},[49,151875,60341],{"class":67},[49,151877,1573],{"class":63},[49,151879,341],{"class":85},[49,151881,3202],{"class":63},[49,151883,60350],{"class":67},[49,151885,1573],{"class":63},[49,151887,341],{"class":85},[49,151889,3202],{"class":63},[49,151891,60350],{"class":67},[49,151893,1573],{"class":63},[49,151895,341],{"class":85},[49,151897,3202],{"class":63},[49,151899,426],{"class":67},[49,151901,1573],{"class":63},[49,151903,103],{"class":85},[20,151905,40808,151906,151908],{},[666,151907,4536],{}," return:",[40,151910,151912],{"className":42,"code":151911,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('hello',)\n",[15,151913,151914],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151915,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151917,92],{"class":85},[49,151919,1573],{"class":63},[49,151921,917],{"class":67},[49,151923,1573],{"class":63},[49,151925,149055],{"class":85},[20,151927,151928],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[40,151930,151932],{"className":42,"code":151931,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151933,151934,151951],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151935,151936,151939,151941,151943,151945,151947,151949],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151937,151938],{"class":55},"single ",[49,151940,60],{"class":59},[49,151942,9142],{"class":85},[49,151944,95],{"class":63},[49,151946,917],{"class":67},[49,151948,95],{"class":63},[49,151950,149055],{"class":85},[49,151952,151953,151955,151957,151960],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,151954,110],{"class":109},[49,151956,92],{"class":85},[49,151958,151959],{"class":88},"single",[49,151961,103],{"class":85},[353,151963,151965],{"id":151964},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151967,151832],{},[40,151969,151971],{"className":42,"code":151970,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151972,151973,152005],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,151974,151975,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997,151999,152001,152003],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,151976,9071],{"class":55},[49,151978,60],{"class":59},[49,151980,10398],{"class":85},[49,151982,95],{"class":63},[49,151984,820],{"class":67},[49,151986,95],{"class":63},[49,151988,1197],{"class":85},[49,151990,1264],{"class":458},[49,151992,341],{"class":85},[49,151994,64],{"class":63},[49,151996,4667],{"class":67},[49,151998,95],{"class":63},[49,152000,1197],{"class":85},[49,152002,2896],{"class":458},[49,152004,9215],{"class":85},[49,152006,152007,152009,152011,152013,152015,152017],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,152008,110],{"class":109},[49,152010,92],{"class":85},[49,152012,48853],{"class":2804},[49,152014,92],{"class":85},[49,152016,9110],{"class":88},[49,152018,1581],{"class":85},[20,152020,152021],{},"returns only the keys:",[40,152023,152025],{"className":42,"code":152024,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152026,152027],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152028,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152030,92],{"class":85},[49,152032,1573],{"class":63},[49,152034,820],{"class":67},[49,152036,1573],{"class":63},[49,152038,341],{"class":85},[49,152040,3202],{"class":63},[49,152042,4667],{"class":67},[49,152044,1573],{"class":63},[49,152046,103],{"class":85},[20,152048,152049],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[40,152051,152053],{"className":42,"code":152052,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152054,152055],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152056,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067,152069,152071],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152058,110],{"class":109},[49,152060,92],{"class":85},[49,152062,48853],{"class":2804},[49,152064,92],{"class":85},[49,152066,9110],{"class":88},[49,152068,32],{"class":85},[49,152070,7718],{"class":88},[49,152072,6197],{"class":85},[353,152074,152076],{"id":152075},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152078,152079,152080,152082],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152081,37949],{}," conversion.",[20,152084,5379],{},[40,152086,152088],{"className":42,"code":152087,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152089,152090,152110],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152091,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152093,2349],{"class":55},[49,152095,60],{"class":59},[49,152097,9142],{"class":85},[49,152099,1223],{"class":458},[49,152101,341],{"class":85},[49,152103,2896],{"class":458},[49,152105,341],{"class":85},[49,152107,2354],{"class":458},[49,152109,103],{"class":85},[49,152111,152112,152114,152116,152118],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,152113,110],{"class":109},[49,152115,92],{"class":85},[49,152117,338],{"class":88},[49,152119,103],{"class":85},[20,152121,152122],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152124,25416,152125,152127],{},[15,152126,37949],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[181,152129,1704],{"id":1703},[353,152131,152133],{"id":152132},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152135,152136],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[353,152138,152140],{"id":152139},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152142,152143,152144,32],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152145,7272],{},[353,152147,152149],{"id":152148},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152151,152152],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[353,152154,152156],{"id":152155},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152158,152159],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[353,152161,152163],{"id":152162},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152165,152166,152167,32],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152168,2909],{},[181,152170,1775],{"id":1774},[194,152172,152173,152177,152181,152185,152189,152193],{},[197,152174,152175],{},[820,152176,147699],{"href":147698},[197,152178,152179],{},[820,152180,150626],{"href":149002},[197,152182,152183],{},[820,152184,104926],{"href":59951},[197,152186,152187],{},[820,152188,151355],{"href":151354},[197,152190,152191],{},[820,152192,63440],{"href":63439},[197,152194,152195],{},[820,152196,62181],{"href":52498},[1834,152198,152199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":152201},[152202,152203,152204,152205,152206,152213,152214,152215,152216,152222,152229],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":150829,"depth":74,"text":150830},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":149375,"depth":74,"text":149376},{"id":150998,"depth":74,"text":150999,"children":152207},[152208,152209,152210,152211,152212],{"id":151002,"depth":106,"text":151003},{"id":151090,"depth":106,"text":151091},{"id":151189,"depth":106,"text":151190},{"id":151269,"depth":106,"text":151270},{"id":151358,"depth":106,"text":151359},{"id":151463,"depth":74,"text":151464},{"id":151633,"depth":74,"text":151634},{"id":151727,"depth":74,"text":151728},{"id":115190,"depth":74,"text":115191,"children":152217},[152218,152219,152220,152221],{"id":151777,"depth":106,"text":151778},{"id":151828,"depth":106,"text":151829},{"id":151964,"depth":106,"text":151965},{"id":152075,"depth":106,"text":152076},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":152223},[152224,152225,152226,152227,152228],{"id":152132,"depth":106,"text":152133},{"id":152139,"depth":106,"text":152140},{"id":152148,"depth":106,"text":152149},{"id":152155,"depth":106,"text":152156},{"id":152162,"depth":106,"text":152163},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150684,"description":152230},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152237,"title":152238,"body":152239,"description":153652,"extension":1866,"meta":153653,"navigation":128,"path":153654,"seo":153655,"stem":153656,"__hash__":153657},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152240,"toc":153624},[152241,152246,152251,152254,152256,152335,152341,152346,152350,152365,152367,152414,152416,152424,152432,152438,152440,152445,152465,152468,152495,152497,152521,152523,152665,152667,152671,152679,152682,152684,152761,152763,152771,152775,152779,152789,152799,152801,152806,152808,152867,152872,152874,152974,152976,152990,152995,153001,153008,153011,153013,153123,153127,153144,153146,153209,153211,153219,153231,153235,153240,153268,153271,153353,153355,153366,153368,153372,153399,153401,153403,153483,153491,153493,153548,153550,153555,153558,153562,153566,153568,153572,153576,153584,153591,153594,153596,153621],[10,152242,147583,152244,18],{"id":152243},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152245,986],{},[20,152247,152248,152250],{},[15,152249,148904],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152252,152253],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[181,152255,1907],{"id":1906},[40,152257,152259],{"className":42,"code":152258,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152260,152261,152301,152323],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152262,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152264,12984],{"class":55},[49,152266,60],{"class":59},[49,152268,9142],{"class":85},[49,152270,95],{"class":63},[49,152272,13001],{"class":67},[49,152274,95],{"class":63},[49,152276,341],{"class":85},[49,152278,64],{"class":63},[49,152280,13018],{"class":67},[49,152282,95],{"class":63},[49,152284,341],{"class":85},[49,152286,64],{"class":63},[49,152288,17365],{"class":67},[49,152290,95],{"class":63},[49,152292,341],{"class":85},[49,152294,64],{"class":63},[49,152296,13018],{"class":67},[49,152298,95],{"class":63},[49,152300,103],{"class":85},[49,152302,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,152304,77],{"class":55},[49,152306,60],{"class":59},[49,152308,13032],{"class":55},[49,152310,32],{"class":85},[49,152312,1100],{"class":88},[49,152314,92],{"class":85},[49,152316,95],{"class":63},[49,152318,13018],{"class":67},[49,152320,95],{"class":63},[49,152322,103],{"class":85},[49,152324,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,152326,110],{"class":109},[49,152328,92],{"class":85},[49,152330,115],{"class":88},[49,152332,118],{"class":85},[49,152334,27685],{"class":121},[20,152336,152337,152340],{},[15,152338,152339],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[181,152342,184,152344,187],{"id":152343},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152345,148904],{},[20,152347,661,152348,11319],{},[15,152349,986],{},[194,152351,152352,152355,152357,152360],{},[197,152353,152354],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[197,152356,202],{},[197,152358,152359],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[197,152361,152362,152363],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152364,516],{},[20,152366,214],{},[40,152368,152370],{"className":42,"code":152369,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152371,152372,152396],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152373,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152375,3525],{"class":55},[49,152377,60],{"class":59},[49,152379,9142],{"class":85},[49,152381,2233],{"class":458},[49,152383,341],{"class":85},[49,152385,7698],{"class":458},[49,152387,341],{"class":85},[49,152389,7703],{"class":458},[49,152391,341],{"class":85},[49,152393,7698],{"class":458},[49,152395,103],{"class":85},[49,152397,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,152399,110],{"class":109},[49,152401,92],{"class":85},[49,152403,3556],{"class":88},[49,152405,32],{"class":85},[49,152407,1100],{"class":88},[49,152409,92],{"class":85},[49,152411,15665],{"class":458},[49,152413,1581],{"class":85},[20,152415,1974],{},[40,152417,152418],{"className":42,"code":46816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,152419,152420],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152421,152422],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152423,46816],{"class":458},[20,152425,20887,152426,152428,152429,152431],{},[15,152427,15665],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152430,986],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152433,150850,152434,32],{},[820,152435,152437],{"href":152436},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[181,152439,316],{"id":315},[20,152441,7670,152442,152444],{},[15,152443,986],{}," in two ways:",[40,152446,152448],{"className":42,"code":152447,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152449,152450],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152451,152452,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152453,152454],{"class":55},"tuple_name",[49,152456,32],{"class":85},[49,152458,1100],{"class":88},[49,152460,92],{"class":85},[49,152462,338],{"class":88},[49,152464,103],{"class":85},[20,152466,152467],{},"or:",[40,152469,152471],{"className":42,"code":152470,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152472,152473],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152474,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485,152487,152489,152491,152493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152476,152454],{"class":55},[49,152478,32],{"class":85},[49,152480,1100],{"class":88},[49,152482,92],{"class":85},[49,152484,338],{"class":88},[49,152486,341],{"class":85},[49,152488,344],{"class":88},[49,152490,341],{"class":85},[49,152492,349],{"class":88},[49,152494,103],{"class":85},[353,152496,356],{"id":355},[194,152498,152499,152504,152509,152514],{},[197,152500,152501,152503],{},[15,152502,338],{}," — the item to search for",[197,152505,152506,152508],{},[15,152507,368],{}," — optional starting position",[197,152510,152511,152513],{},[15,152512,374],{}," — optional ending position",[197,152515,152516,4690,152518,152520],{},[15,152517,374],{},[666,152519,668],{}," in the search",[20,152522,214],{},[40,152524,152526],{"className":42,"code":152525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152527,152528,152576,152580,152605,152633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152529,152530,152532,152534,152536,152538,152540,152542,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152531,35994],{"class":55},[49,152533,60],{"class":59},[49,152535,9142],{"class":85},[49,152537,95],{"class":63},[49,152539,820],{"class":67},[49,152541,95],{"class":63},[49,152543,341],{"class":85},[49,152545,64],{"class":63},[49,152547,4667],{"class":67},[49,152549,95],{"class":63},[49,152551,341],{"class":85},[49,152553,64],{"class":63},[49,152555,9646],{"class":67},[49,152557,95],{"class":63},[49,152559,341],{"class":85},[49,152561,64],{"class":63},[49,152563,4667],{"class":67},[49,152565,95],{"class":63},[49,152567,341],{"class":85},[49,152569,64],{"class":63},[49,152571,18678],{"class":67},[49,152573,95],{"class":63},[49,152575,103],{"class":85},[49,152577,152578],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,152579,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,152581,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,152583,110],{"class":109},[49,152585,92],{"class":85},[49,152587,36047],{"class":88},[49,152589,32],{"class":85},[49,152591,1100],{"class":88},[49,152593,92],{"class":85},[49,152595,95],{"class":63},[49,152597,4667],{"class":67},[49,152599,95],{"class":63},[49,152601,261],{"class":85},[49,152603,152604],{"class":121},"        # 1\n",[49,152606,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627,152629,152631],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,152608,110],{"class":109},[49,152610,92],{"class":85},[49,152612,36047],{"class":88},[49,152614,32],{"class":85},[49,152616,1100],{"class":88},[49,152618,92],{"class":85},[49,152620,95],{"class":63},[49,152622,4667],{"class":67},[49,152624,95],{"class":63},[49,152626,341],{"class":85},[49,152628,2896],{"class":458},[49,152630,261],{"class":85},[49,152632,50819],{"class":121},[49,152634,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,152636,110],{"class":109},[49,152638,92],{"class":85},[49,152640,36047],{"class":88},[49,152642,32],{"class":85},[49,152644,1100],{"class":88},[49,152646,92],{"class":85},[49,152648,95],{"class":63},[49,152650,4667],{"class":67},[49,152652,95],{"class":63},[49,152654,341],{"class":85},[49,152656,1264],{"class":458},[49,152658,341],{"class":85},[49,152660,2354],{"class":458},[49,152662,261],{"class":85},[49,152664,27685],{"class":121},[181,152666,103253],{"id":103252},[20,152668,152669,25419],{},[15,152670,148904],{},[194,152672,152673,152676],{},[197,152674,152675],{},"An integer",[197,152677,152678],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152680,152681],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152683,214],{},[40,152685,152687],{"className":42,"code":152686,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152688,152689,152729,152751],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152690,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152692,108352],{"class":55},[49,152694,60],{"class":59},[49,152696,9142],{"class":85},[49,152698,95],{"class":63},[49,152700,36952],{"class":67},[49,152702,95],{"class":63},[49,152704,341],{"class":85},[49,152706,64],{"class":63},[49,152708,58023],{"class":67},[49,152710,95],{"class":63},[49,152712,341],{"class":85},[49,152714,64],{"class":63},[49,152716,58040],{"class":67},[49,152718,95],{"class":63},[49,152720,341],{"class":85},[49,152722,64],{"class":63},[49,152724,58023],{"class":67},[49,152726,95],{"class":63},[49,152728,103],{"class":85},[49,152730,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,152732,2131],{"class":55},[49,152734,60],{"class":59},[49,152736,108395],{"class":55},[49,152738,32],{"class":85},[49,152740,1100],{"class":88},[49,152742,92],{"class":85},[49,152744,95],{"class":63},[49,152746,58023],{"class":67},[49,152748,95],{"class":63},[49,152750,103],{"class":85},[49,152752,152753,152755,152757,152759],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,152754,110],{"class":109},[49,152756,92],{"class":85},[49,152758,2166],{"class":88},[49,152760,103],{"class":85},[20,152762,1974],{},[40,152764,152765],{"className":42,"code":46816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,152766,152767],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152768,152769],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152770,46816],{"class":458},[181,152772,152774],{"id":152773},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152776,35,152777,10508],{},[15,152778,148904],{},[194,152780,152781,152783,152786],{},[197,152782,65982],{},[197,152784,152785],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[197,152787,152788],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152790,152791,152792,152795,152796,32],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152793,152794],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[820,152797,149372],{"href":152798},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[181,152800,65515],{"id":65514},[20,152802,152803,152804,32],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152805,1010],{},[20,152807,214],{},[40,152809,152811],{"className":42,"code":152810,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152812,152813,152845],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152814,152815,152817,152819,152821,152823,152825,152827,152829,152831,152833,152835,152837,152839,152841,152843],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152816,12984],{"class":55},[49,152818,60],{"class":59},[49,152820,9142],{"class":85},[49,152822,95],{"class":63},[49,152824,13001],{"class":67},[49,152826,95],{"class":63},[49,152828,341],{"class":85},[49,152830,64],{"class":63},[49,152832,13018],{"class":67},[49,152834,95],{"class":63},[49,152836,341],{"class":85},[49,152838,64],{"class":63},[49,152840,17365],{"class":67},[49,152842,95],{"class":63},[49,152844,103],{"class":85},[49,152846,152847,152849,152851,152853,152855,152857,152859,152861,152863,152865],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,152848,110],{"class":109},[49,152850,92],{"class":85},[49,152852,17412],{"class":88},[49,152854,32],{"class":85},[49,152856,1100],{"class":88},[49,152858,92],{"class":85},[49,152860,95],{"class":63},[49,152862,22433],{"class":67},[49,152864,95],{"class":63},[49,152866,1581],{"class":85},[20,152868,39556,152869,152871],{},[15,152870,109677],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152873,65590],{},[40,152875,152877],{"className":42,"code":152876,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152878,152879,152911,152915,152931,152953,152959],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152880,152881,152883,152885,152887,152889,152891,152893,152895,152897,152899,152901,152903,152905,152907,152909],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152882,12984],{"class":55},[49,152884,60],{"class":59},[49,152886,9142],{"class":85},[49,152888,95],{"class":63},[49,152890,13001],{"class":67},[49,152892,95],{"class":63},[49,152894,341],{"class":85},[49,152896,64],{"class":63},[49,152898,13018],{"class":67},[49,152900,95],{"class":63},[49,152902,341],{"class":85},[49,152904,64],{"class":63},[49,152906,17365],{"class":67},[49,152908,95],{"class":63},[49,152910,103],{"class":85},[49,152912,152913],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,152914,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,152916,152917,152919,152921,152923,152925,152927,152929],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,152918,1211],{"class":1210},[49,152920,64],{"class":63},[49,152922,22433],{"class":67},[49,152924,95],{"class":63},[49,152926,21083],{"class":59},[49,152928,13032],{"class":55},[49,152930,1226],{"class":85},[49,152932,152933,152935,152937,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,152934,1273],{"class":109},[49,152936,92],{"class":85},[49,152938,17412],{"class":88},[49,152940,32],{"class":85},[49,152942,1100],{"class":88},[49,152944,92],{"class":85},[49,152946,95],{"class":63},[49,152948,22433],{"class":67},[49,152950,95],{"class":63},[49,152952,1581],{"class":85},[49,152954,152955,152957],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,152956,1416],{"class":1210},[49,152958,1226],{"class":85},[49,152960,152961,152963,152965,152967,152970,152972],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,152962,1273],{"class":109},[49,152964,92],{"class":85},[49,152966,95],{"class":63},[49,152968,152969],{"class":67},"Value not found",[49,152971,95],{"class":63},[49,152973,103],{"class":85},[20,152975,1974],{},[40,152977,152979],{"className":42,"code":152978,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Value not found\n",[15,152980,152981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,152982,152983,152986,152988],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,152984,152985],{"class":55},"Value ",[49,152987,4536],{"class":59},[49,152989,65714],{"class":55},[20,152991,152992,152993,32],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[820,152994,65724],{"href":65723},[181,152996,644,152997,380,152999],{"id":643},[15,152998,368],{},[15,153000,374],{},[20,153002,661,153003,380,153005,153007],{},[15,153004,368],{},[15,153006,374],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153009,153010],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153012,214],{},[40,153014,153016],{"className":42,"code":153015,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153017,153018,153046,153050,153071,153095],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153019,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042,153044],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153021,3729],{"class":55},[49,153023,60],{"class":59},[49,153025,9142],{"class":85},[49,153027,2040],{"class":458},[49,153029,341],{"class":85},[49,153031,5911],{"class":458},[49,153033,341],{"class":85},[49,153035,459],{"class":458},[49,153037,341],{"class":85},[49,153039,7698],{"class":458},[49,153041,341],{"class":85},[49,153043,459],{"class":458},[49,153045,103],{"class":85},[49,153047,153048],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,153049,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,153051,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,153053,110],{"class":109},[49,153055,92],{"class":85},[49,153057,5266],{"class":88},[49,153059,32],{"class":85},[49,153061,1100],{"class":88},[49,153063,92],{"class":85},[49,153065,2040],{"class":458},[49,153067,261],{"class":85},[49,153069,153070],{"class":121},"        # 0\n",[49,153072,153073,153075,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089,153091,153093],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,153074,110],{"class":109},[49,153076,92],{"class":85},[49,153078,5266],{"class":88},[49,153080,32],{"class":85},[49,153082,1100],{"class":88},[49,153084,92],{"class":85},[49,153086,2040],{"class":458},[49,153088,341],{"class":85},[49,153090,1264],{"class":458},[49,153092,261],{"class":85},[49,153094,50852],{"class":121},[49,153096,153097,153099,153101,153103,153105,153107,153109,153111,153113,153115,153117,153119,153121],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,153098,110],{"class":109},[49,153100,92],{"class":85},[49,153102,5266],{"class":88},[49,153104,32],{"class":85},[49,153106,1100],{"class":88},[49,153108,92],{"class":85},[49,153110,2040],{"class":458},[49,153112,341],{"class":85},[49,153114,2354],{"class":458},[49,153116,341],{"class":85},[49,153118,459],{"class":458},[49,153120,261],{"class":85},[49,153122,779],{"class":121},[353,153124,153126],{"id":153125},"how-it-works","How it works",[194,153128,153129,153134,153139],{},[197,153130,153131,153133],{},[15,153132,368],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[197,153135,153136,153138],{},[15,153137,374],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[197,153140,661,153141,153143],{},[15,153142,374],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153145,214],{},[40,153147,153149],{"className":42,"code":153148,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153150,153151,153179,153183],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153152,153153,153155,153157,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169,153171,153173,153175,153177],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153154,3729],{"class":55},[49,153156,60],{"class":59},[49,153158,9142],{"class":85},[49,153160,2040],{"class":458},[49,153162,341],{"class":85},[49,153164,5911],{"class":458},[49,153166,341],{"class":85},[49,153168,459],{"class":458},[49,153170,341],{"class":85},[49,153172,7698],{"class":458},[49,153174,341],{"class":85},[49,153176,459],{"class":458},[49,153178,103],{"class":85},[49,153180,153181],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,153182,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,153184,153185,153187,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,153186,110],{"class":109},[49,153188,92],{"class":85},[49,153190,5266],{"class":88},[49,153192,32],{"class":85},[49,153194,1100],{"class":88},[49,153196,92],{"class":85},[49,153198,2040],{"class":458},[49,153200,341],{"class":85},[49,153202,1264],{"class":458},[49,153204,341],{"class":85},[49,153206,808],{"class":458},[49,153208,1581],{"class":85},[20,153210,1974],{},[40,153212,153213],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,153214,153215],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153216,153217],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153218,16968],{"class":458},[20,153220,153221,153222,2091,153224,1455,153226,153228,153229,32],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153223,1223],{},[15,153225,312],{},[15,153227,1965],{},", but not ",[15,153230,2407],{},[181,153232,153234],{"id":153233},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153236,153237,153238,1197],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153239,148904],{},[194,153241,153242,153250,153255,153262],{},[197,153243,153244,153245,153247,153248],{},"Do not confuse the ",[666,153246,338],{}," with the ",[666,153249,1100],{},[197,153251,153252,153253],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153254,516],{},[197,153256,35,153257,153261],{},[820,153258,148930,153259,1785],{"href":148982},[15,153260,57188],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[197,153263,153264,153265,153267],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153266,152794],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153269,153270],{},"Example of value vs index:",[40,153272,153274],{"className":42,"code":153273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153275,153276,153308,153312,153336],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153277,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300,153302,153304,153306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153279,36143],{"class":55},[49,153281,60],{"class":59},[49,153283,9142],{"class":85},[49,153285,95],{"class":63},[49,153287,3985],{"class":67},[49,153289,95],{"class":63},[49,153291,341],{"class":85},[49,153293,64],{"class":63},[49,153295,230],{"class":67},[49,153297,95],{"class":63},[49,153299,341],{"class":85},[49,153301,64],{"class":63},[49,153303,33128],{"class":67},[49,153305,95],{"class":63},[49,153307,103],{"class":85},[49,153309,153310],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,153311,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,153313,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,153315,110],{"class":109},[49,153317,92],{"class":85},[49,153319,36195],{"class":88},[49,153321,32],{"class":85},[49,153323,1100],{"class":88},[49,153325,92],{"class":85},[49,153327,95],{"class":63},[49,153329,230],{"class":67},[49,153331,95],{"class":63},[49,153333,261],{"class":85},[49,153335,27685],{"class":121},[49,153337,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,153339,110],{"class":109},[49,153341,92],{"class":85},[49,153343,36195],{"class":88},[49,153345,1256],{"class":85},[49,153347,1223],{"class":458},[49,153349,20357],{"class":85},[49,153351,153352],{"class":121},"               # banana\n",[20,153354,2080],{},[194,153356,153357,153361],{},[197,153358,153359,15157],{},[15,153360,65160],{},[197,153362,153363,153365],{},[15,153364,1223],{}," is the index",[181,153367,1308],{"id":1307},[20,153369,105991,153370,1197],{},[15,153371,148904],{},[194,153373,153374,153377,153382,153387,153394],{},[197,153375,153376],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[197,153378,1318,153379,153381],{},[15,153380,986],{}," to return all matching positions",[197,153383,153384,153385],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153386,516],{},[197,153388,153389,153390,380,153392],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153391,368],{},[15,153393,374],{},[197,153395,1339,153396,153398],{},[15,153397,148904],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[353,153400,60601],{"id":60600},[20,153402,94254],{},[40,153404,153406],{"className":42,"code":153405,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153407,153408,153418,153432,153447,153465],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153409,153410,153412,153414,153416],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153411,110],{"class":109},[49,153413,92],{"class":85},[49,153415,147717],{"class":88},[49,153417,103],{"class":85},[49,153419,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,153421,110],{"class":109},[49,153423,92],{"class":85},[49,153425,1631],{"class":109},[49,153427,92],{"class":85},[49,153429,147717],{"class":88},[49,153431,1581],{"class":85},[49,153433,153434,153436,153438,153440,153442,153445],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,153435,110],{"class":109},[49,153437,92],{"class":85},[49,153439,2349],{"class":88},[49,153441,3788],{"class":1210},[49,153443,153444],{"class":88}," my_tuple",[49,153446,103],{"class":85},[49,153448,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461,153463],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,153450,110],{"class":109},[49,153452,92],{"class":85},[49,153454,147717],{"class":88},[49,153456,32],{"class":85},[49,153458,41160],{"class":88},[49,153460,92],{"class":85},[49,153462,338],{"class":88},[49,153464,1581],{"class":85},[49,153466,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,153468,110],{"class":109},[49,153470,92],{"class":85},[49,153472,147717],{"class":88},[49,153474,32],{"class":85},[49,153476,1100],{"class":88},[49,153478,92],{"class":85},[49,153480,338],{"class":88},[49,153482,1581],{"class":85},[20,153484,153485,153486,84273,153488,153490],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153487,1010],{},[15,153489,338],{}," is missing.",[20,153492,1464],{},[40,153494,153496],{"className":42,"code":153495,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153497,153498,153510,153528,153534],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153499,153500,153502,153504,153506,153508],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153501,1211],{"class":1210},[49,153503,21494],{"class":55},[49,153505,3788],{"class":59},[49,153507,153444],{"class":55},[49,153509,1226],{"class":85},[49,153511,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,153513,1273],{"class":109},[49,153515,92],{"class":85},[49,153517,147717],{"class":88},[49,153519,32],{"class":85},[49,153521,1100],{"class":88},[49,153523,92],{"class":85},[49,153525,338],{"class":88},[49,153527,1581],{"class":85},[49,153529,153530,153532],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,153531,1416],{"class":1210},[49,153533,1226],{"class":85},[49,153535,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,153537,1273],{"class":109},[49,153539,92],{"class":85},[49,153541,95],{"class":63},[49,153543,152969],{"class":67},[49,153545,95],{"class":63},[49,153547,103],{"class":85},[181,153549,1704],{"id":1703},[353,153551,5050,153553,12623],{"id":153552},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153554,148904],{},[20,153556,153557],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[353,153559,153561],{"id":153560},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153563,153564,152431],{},[15,153565,148904],{},[353,153567,148883],{"id":148882},[20,153569,76735,153570,32],{},[15,153571,1010],{},[353,153573,153575],{"id":153574},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153577,153578,153579,380,153581,153583],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153580,368],{},[15,153582,374],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[353,153585,14813,153587,57103,153589,2394],{"id":153586},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153588,148904],{},[15,153590,64755],{},[20,153592,153593],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[181,153595,1775],{"id":1774},[194,153597,153598,153604,153608,153613,153617],{},[197,153599,153600],{},[820,153601,148930,153602,1785],{"href":148982},[15,153603,57188],{},[197,153605,153606],{},[820,153607,149372],{"href":152798},[197,153609,153610],{},[820,153611,153612],{"href":150678},"Creating a tuple in Python",[197,153614,153615],{},[820,153616,65724],{"href":65723},[197,153618,153619],{},[820,153620,150626],{"href":152436},[1834,153622,153623],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316,"children":153630},[153631],{"id":355,"depth":106,"text":356},{"id":103252,"depth":74,"text":103253},{"id":152773,"depth":74,"text":152774},{"id":65514,"depth":74,"text":65515},{"id":643,"depth":74,"text":1846,"children":153636},[153637],{"id":153125,"depth":106,"text":153126},{"id":153233,"depth":74,"text":153234},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308,"children":153640},[153641],{"id":60600,"depth":106,"text":60601},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":153643},[153644,153646,153647,153648,153649],{"id":153552,"depth":106,"text":153645},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153560,"depth":106,"text":153561},{"id":148882,"depth":106,"text":148883},{"id":153574,"depth":106,"text":153575},{"id":153586,"depth":106,"text":153650},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152238,"description":153652},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153659,"title":153660,"body":153661,"description":155056,"extension":1866,"meta":155057,"navigation":128,"path":152798,"seo":155058,"stem":155059,"__hash__":155060},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153662,"toc":155038},[153663,153666,153669,153672,153686,153688,153691,153785,153795,153801,153805,153808,153811,153813,153831,153833,153904,153906,153923,153927,153931,153934,153951,153954,153969,153971,154062,154065,154069,154072,154089,154091,154186,154189,154192,154196,154199,154293,154295,154314,154317,154321,154324,154326,154381,154383,154418,154421,154435,154443,154536,154545,154549,154552,154559,154562,154609,154611,154619,154622,154673,154675,154692,154697,154701,154704,154707,154709,154760,154763,154818,154821,154824,154826,154829,154849,154851,154924,154927,154940,154942,154946,154951,154955,154960,154977,154981,154984,155001,155005,155008,155010,155035],[10,153664,153660],{"id":153665},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153667,153668],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153670,153671],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[194,153673,153674,153677,153680,153683],{},[197,153675,153676],{},"positive indexes",[197,153678,153679],{},"negative indexes",[197,153681,153682],{},"common indexing mistakes",[197,153684,153685],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[181,153687,3515],{"id":3514},[20,153689,153690],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[40,153692,153694],{"className":42,"code":153693,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153695,153696,153728,153732,153749,153766],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153697,153698,153700,153702,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722,153724,153726],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153699,12984],{"class":55},[49,153701,60],{"class":59},[49,153703,9142],{"class":85},[49,153705,95],{"class":63},[49,153707,13001],{"class":67},[49,153709,95],{"class":63},[49,153711,341],{"class":85},[49,153713,64],{"class":63},[49,153715,17365],{"class":67},[49,153717,95],{"class":63},[49,153719,341],{"class":85},[49,153721,64],{"class":63},[49,153723,13018],{"class":67},[49,153725,95],{"class":63},[49,153727,103],{"class":85},[49,153729,153730],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,153731,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,153733,153734,153736,153738,153740,153742,153744,153746],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,153735,110],{"class":109},[49,153737,92],{"class":85},[49,153739,17412],{"class":88},[49,153741,1256],{"class":85},[49,153743,516],{"class":458},[49,153745,20357],{"class":85},[49,153747,153748],{"class":121},"   # red\n",[49,153750,153751,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,153752,110],{"class":109},[49,153754,92],{"class":85},[49,153756,17412],{"class":88},[49,153758,1256],{"class":85},[49,153760,1223],{"class":458},[49,153762,20357],{"class":85},[49,153764,153765],{"class":121},"   # green\n",[49,153767,153768,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,153769,110],{"class":109},[49,153771,92],{"class":85},[49,153773,17412],{"class":88},[49,153775,1256],{"class":85},[49,153777,1926],{"class":59},[49,153779,1223],{"class":458},[49,153781,20357],{"class":85},[49,153783,153784],{"class":121},"  # blue\n",[194,153786,153787,153792],{},[197,153788,132123,153789,153791],{},[15,153790,516],{}," is the first item.",[197,153793,153794],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153796,153797,153798,32],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[820,153799,153800],{"href":147702},"how to create a tuple in Python",[181,153802,153804],{"id":153803},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153806,153807],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153809,153810],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153812,11364],{},[194,153814,153815,153818,153825,153828],{},[197,153816,153817],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[197,153819,153820,153821,18874,153823],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153822,516],{},[15,153824,1223],{},[197,153826,153827],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[197,153829,153830],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153832,214],{},[40,153834,153836],{"className":42,"code":153835,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153837,153838,153858,153862,153876,153890],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153839,153840,153842,153844,153846,153848,153850,153852,153854,153856],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153841,3525],{"class":55},[49,153843,60],{"class":59},[49,153845,9142],{"class":85},[49,153847,2233],{"class":458},[49,153849,341],{"class":85},[49,153851,7698],{"class":458},[49,153853,341],{"class":85},[49,153855,7703],{"class":458},[49,153857,103],{"class":85},[49,153859,153860],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,153861,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,153863,153864,153866,153868,153870,153872,153874],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,153865,110],{"class":109},[49,153867,92],{"class":85},[49,153869,3556],{"class":88},[49,153871,1256],{"class":85},[49,153873,516],{"class":458},[49,153875,3794],{"class":85},[49,153877,153878,153880,153882,153884,153886,153888],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,153879,110],{"class":109},[49,153881,92],{"class":85},[49,153883,3556],{"class":88},[49,153885,1256],{"class":85},[49,153887,1223],{"class":458},[49,153889,3794],{"class":85},[49,153891,153892,153894,153896,153898,153900,153902],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,153893,110],{"class":109},[49,153895,92],{"class":85},[49,153897,3556],{"class":88},[49,153899,1256],{"class":85},[49,153901,312],{"class":458},[49,153903,3794],{"class":85},[20,153905,1974],{},[40,153907,153909],{"className":42,"code":153908,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153910,153911,153915,153919],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153912,153913],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153914,2279],{"class":458},[49,153916,153917],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,153918,71105],{"class":458},[49,153920,153921],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,153922,69721],{"class":458},[20,153924,59288,153925,32],{},[820,153926,147699],{"href":147698},[181,153928,153930],{"id":153929},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153932,153933],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[194,153935,153936,153941,153946],{},[197,153937,153938,153940],{},[15,153939,516],{}," = first item",[197,153942,153943,153945],{},[15,153944,1223],{}," = second item",[197,153947,153948,153950],{},[15,153949,312],{}," = third item",[20,153952,153953],{},"Pattern:",[40,153955,153957],{"className":42,"code":153956,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153958,153959],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153960,153961,153963,153965,153967],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153962,152454],{"class":55},[49,153964,1256],{"class":85},[49,153966,1100],{"class":55},[49,153968,1244],{"class":85},[20,153970,214],{},[40,153972,153974],{"className":42,"code":153973,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153975,153976,154008,154012,154029,154045],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,153977,153978,153980,153982,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,153979,36143],{"class":55},[49,153981,60],{"class":59},[49,153983,9142],{"class":85},[49,153985,95],{"class":63},[49,153987,3985],{"class":67},[49,153989,95],{"class":63},[49,153991,341],{"class":85},[49,153993,64],{"class":63},[49,153995,230],{"class":67},[49,153997,95],{"class":63},[49,153999,341],{"class":85},[49,154001,64],{"class":63},[49,154003,4002],{"class":67},[49,154005,95],{"class":63},[49,154007,103],{"class":85},[49,154009,154010],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154011,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,154013,154014,154016,154018,154020,154022,154024,154026],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154015,110],{"class":109},[49,154017,92],{"class":85},[49,154019,36195],{"class":88},[49,154021,1256],{"class":85},[49,154023,516],{"class":458},[49,154025,20357],{"class":85},[49,154027,154028],{"class":121},"  # apple\n",[49,154030,154031,154033,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,154032,110],{"class":109},[49,154034,92],{"class":85},[49,154036,36195],{"class":88},[49,154038,1256],{"class":85},[49,154040,1223],{"class":458},[49,154042,20357],{"class":85},[49,154044,51385],{"class":121},[49,154046,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,154048,110],{"class":109},[49,154050,92],{"class":85},[49,154052,36195],{"class":88},[49,154054,1256],{"class":85},[49,154056,312],{"class":458},[49,154058,20357],{"class":85},[49,154060,154061],{"class":121},"  # cherry\n",[20,154063,154064],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[181,154066,154068],{"id":154067},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154070,154071],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[194,154073,154074,154079,154084],{},[197,154075,154076,154078],{},[15,154077,31],{}," = last item",[197,154080,154081,154083],{},[15,154082,95284],{}," = second-to-last item",[197,154085,154086,154088],{},[15,154087,47570],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154090,214],{},[40,154092,154094],{"className":42,"code":154093,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154095,154096,154128,154132,154150,154168],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154097,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154099,36143],{"class":55},[49,154101,60],{"class":59},[49,154103,9142],{"class":85},[49,154105,95],{"class":63},[49,154107,3985],{"class":67},[49,154109,95],{"class":63},[49,154111,341],{"class":85},[49,154113,64],{"class":63},[49,154115,230],{"class":67},[49,154117,95],{"class":63},[49,154119,341],{"class":85},[49,154121,64],{"class":63},[49,154123,4002],{"class":67},[49,154125,95],{"class":63},[49,154127,103],{"class":85},[49,154129,154130],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154131,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,154133,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144,154146,154148],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154135,110],{"class":109},[49,154137,92],{"class":85},[49,154139,36195],{"class":88},[49,154141,1256],{"class":85},[49,154143,1926],{"class":59},[49,154145,1223],{"class":458},[49,154147,20357],{"class":85},[49,154149,154061],{"class":121},[49,154151,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162,154164,154166],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,154153,110],{"class":109},[49,154155,92],{"class":85},[49,154157,36195],{"class":88},[49,154159,1256],{"class":85},[49,154161,1926],{"class":59},[49,154163,312],{"class":458},[49,154165,20357],{"class":85},[49,154167,51385],{"class":121},[49,154169,154170,154172,154174,154176,154178,154180,154182,154184],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,154171,110],{"class":109},[49,154173,92],{"class":85},[49,154175,36195],{"class":88},[49,154177,1256],{"class":85},[49,154179,1926],{"class":59},[49,154181,1965],{"class":458},[49,154183,20357],{"class":85},[49,154185,154028],{"class":121},[20,154187,154188],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154190,154191],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[181,154193,154195],{"id":154194},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154197,154198],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[40,154200,154202],{"className":42,"code":154201,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154203,154204,154236,154240,154257,154274],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154205,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230,154232,154234],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154207,4902],{"class":55},[49,154209,60],{"class":59},[49,154211,9142],{"class":85},[49,154213,95],{"class":63},[49,154215,12788],{"class":67},[49,154217,95],{"class":63},[49,154219,341],{"class":85},[49,154221,64],{"class":63},[49,154223,35846],{"class":67},[49,154225,95],{"class":63},[49,154227,341],{"class":85},[49,154229,64],{"class":63},[49,154231,35855],{"class":67},[49,154233,95],{"class":63},[49,154235,103],{"class":85},[49,154237,154238],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154239,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,154241,154242,154244,154246,154248,154250,154252,154254],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154243,110],{"class":109},[49,154245,92],{"class":85},[49,154247,4946],{"class":88},[49,154249,1256],{"class":85},[49,154251,516],{"class":458},[49,154253,20357],{"class":85},[49,154255,154256],{"class":121},"   # first item\n",[49,154258,154259,154261,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,154260,110],{"class":109},[49,154262,92],{"class":85},[49,154264,4946],{"class":88},[49,154266,1256],{"class":85},[49,154268,1223],{"class":458},[49,154270,20357],{"class":85},[49,154272,154273],{"class":121},"   # middle item\n",[49,154275,154276,154278,154280,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,154277,110],{"class":109},[49,154279,92],{"class":85},[49,154281,4946],{"class":88},[49,154283,1256],{"class":85},[49,154285,1926],{"class":59},[49,154287,1223],{"class":458},[49,154289,20357],{"class":85},[49,154291,154292],{"class":121},"  # last item\n",[20,154294,1974],{},[40,154296,154298],{"className":42,"code":154297,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154299,154300,154304,154309],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154301,154302],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154303,49940],{"class":55},[49,154305,154306],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154307,154308],{"class":55},"Ben\n",[49,154310,154311],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154312,154313],{"class":55},"Cara\n",[20,154315,154316],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[181,154318,154320],{"id":154319},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154322,154323],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154325,214],{},[40,154327,154329],{"className":42,"code":154328,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154330,154331,154363,154367],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154332,154333,154335,154337,154339,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355,154357,154359,154361],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154334,35994],{"class":55},[49,154336,60],{"class":59},[49,154338,9142],{"class":85},[49,154340,95],{"class":63},[49,154342,820],{"class":67},[49,154344,95],{"class":63},[49,154346,341],{"class":85},[49,154348,64],{"class":63},[49,154350,4667],{"class":67},[49,154352,95],{"class":63},[49,154354,341],{"class":85},[49,154356,64],{"class":63},[49,154358,9646],{"class":67},[49,154360,95],{"class":63},[49,154362,103],{"class":85},[49,154364,154365],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154366,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,154368,154369,154371,154373,154375,154377,154379],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154370,110],{"class":109},[49,154372,92],{"class":85},[49,154374,36047],{"class":88},[49,154376,1256],{"class":85},[49,154378,2040],{"class":458},[49,154380,3794],{"class":85},[20,154382,1974],{},[40,154384,154386],{"className":42,"code":154385,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154387,154388,154400,154405],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154389,154390,154393,154395,154398],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154391,154392],{"class":88},"Traceback ",[49,154394,92],{"class":85},[49,154396,154397],{"class":88},"most recent call last",[49,154399,1396],{"class":85},[49,154401,154402],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154403,154404],{"class":34361},"  ...\n",[49,154406,154407,154409,154411,154413,154416],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154408,70612],{"class":2804},[49,154410,1197],{"class":85},[49,154412,149065],{"class":2804},[49,154414,154415],{"class":55}," index out of ",[49,154417,70804],{"class":109},[20,154419,154420],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[194,154422,154423,154427,154431],{},[197,154424,154425],{},[15,154426,516],{},[197,154428,154429],{},[15,154430,1223],{},[197,154432,154433],{},[15,154434,312],{},[20,154436,154437,154438,32],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[820,154439,154440,154442],{"href":148937},[15,154441,42261],{}," on a tuple",[40,154444,154446],{"className":42,"code":154445,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154447,154448,154480,154484,154500,154504,154522],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154449,154450,154452,154454,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466,154468,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154451,35994],{"class":55},[49,154453,60],{"class":59},[49,154455,9142],{"class":85},[49,154457,95],{"class":63},[49,154459,820],{"class":67},[49,154461,95],{"class":63},[49,154463,341],{"class":85},[49,154465,64],{"class":63},[49,154467,4667],{"class":67},[49,154469,95],{"class":63},[49,154471,341],{"class":85},[49,154473,64],{"class":63},[49,154475,9646],{"class":67},[49,154477,95],{"class":63},[49,154479,103],{"class":85},[49,154481,154482],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154483,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,154485,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496,154498],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154487,110],{"class":109},[49,154489,92],{"class":85},[49,154491,1631],{"class":109},[49,154493,92],{"class":85},[49,154495,36047],{"class":88},[49,154497,261],{"class":85},[49,154499,50671],{"class":121},[49,154501,154502],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,154503,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,154505,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,154507,1211],{"class":1210},[49,154509,38289],{"class":109},[49,154511,92],{"class":85},[49,154513,36047],{"class":88},[49,154515,118],{"class":85},[49,154517,38298],{"class":59},[49,154519,2896],{"class":458},[49,154521,1226],{"class":85},[49,154523,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532,154534],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,154525,1273],{"class":109},[49,154527,92],{"class":85},[49,154529,36047],{"class":88},[49,154531,1256],{"class":85},[49,154533,312],{"class":458},[49,154535,3794],{"class":85},[20,154537,154538,154539,32],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[820,154540,1129,154542],{"href":154541},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154543,154544],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[181,154546,154548],{"id":154547},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154550,154551],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[194,154553,154554,154556],{},[197,154555,76752],{},[197,154557,154558],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154560,154561],{},"Indexing example:",[40,154563,154565],{"className":42,"code":154564,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154566,154567,154591,154595],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154568,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581,154583,154585,154587,154589],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154570,3525],{"class":55},[49,154572,60],{"class":59},[49,154574,9142],{"class":85},[49,154576,2233],{"class":458},[49,154578,341],{"class":85},[49,154580,7698],{"class":458},[49,154582,341],{"class":85},[49,154584,7703],{"class":458},[49,154586,341],{"class":85},[49,154588,50744],{"class":458},[49,154590,103],{"class":85},[49,154592,154593],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154594,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,154596,154597,154599,154601,154603,154605,154607],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154598,110],{"class":109},[49,154600,92],{"class":85},[49,154602,3556],{"class":88},[49,154604,1256],{"class":85},[49,154606,1223],{"class":458},[49,154608,3794],{"class":85},[20,154610,1974],{},[40,154612,154613],{"className":42,"code":71105,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,154614,154615],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154616,154617],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154618,71105],{"class":458},[20,154620,154621],{},"Slicing example:",[40,154623,154625],{"className":42,"code":154624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154626,154627,154651,154655],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154628,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154630,3525],{"class":55},[49,154632,60],{"class":59},[49,154634,9142],{"class":85},[49,154636,2233],{"class":458},[49,154638,341],{"class":85},[49,154640,7698],{"class":458},[49,154642,341],{"class":85},[49,154644,7703],{"class":458},[49,154646,341],{"class":85},[49,154648,50744],{"class":458},[49,154650,103],{"class":85},[49,154652,154653],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154654,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,154656,154657,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669,154671],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154658,110],{"class":109},[49,154660,92],{"class":85},[49,154662,3556],{"class":88},[49,154664,1256],{"class":85},[49,154666,1223],{"class":458},[49,154668,1197],{"class":85},[49,154670,1965],{"class":458},[49,154672,3794],{"class":85},[20,154674,1974],{},[40,154676,154678],{"className":42,"code":154677,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154679,154680],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154681,154682,154684,154686,154688,154690],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154683,92],{"class":85},[49,154685,15665],{"class":458},[49,154687,341],{"class":85},[49,154689,7703],{"class":458},[49,154691,103],{"class":85},[20,154693,154694,154695,32],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[820,154696,150616],{"href":150615},[181,154698,154700],{"id":154699},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154702,154703],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154705,154706],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154708,6594],{},[40,154710,154712],{"className":42,"code":154711,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154713,154714,154746],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154715,154716,154718,154720,154722,154724,154726,154728,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738,154740,154742,154744],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154717,12984],{"class":55},[49,154719,60],{"class":59},[49,154721,9142],{"class":85},[49,154723,95],{"class":63},[49,154725,13001],{"class":67},[49,154727,95],{"class":63},[49,154729,341],{"class":85},[49,154731,64],{"class":63},[49,154733,17365],{"class":67},[49,154735,95],{"class":63},[49,154737,341],{"class":85},[49,154739,64],{"class":63},[49,154741,13018],{"class":67},[49,154743,95],{"class":63},[49,154745,103],{"class":85},[49,154747,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154749,110],{"class":109},[49,154751,92],{"class":85},[49,154753,17412],{"class":88},[49,154755,1256],{"class":85},[49,154757,1223],{"class":458},[49,154759,3794],{"class":85},[20,154761,154762],{},"But this does not work:",[40,154764,154766],{"className":42,"code":154765,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154767,154768,154800],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154769,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154771,12984],{"class":55},[49,154773,60],{"class":59},[49,154775,9142],{"class":85},[49,154777,95],{"class":63},[49,154779,13001],{"class":67},[49,154781,95],{"class":63},[49,154783,341],{"class":85},[49,154785,64],{"class":63},[49,154787,17365],{"class":67},[49,154789,95],{"class":63},[49,154791,341],{"class":85},[49,154793,64],{"class":63},[49,154795,13018],{"class":67},[49,154797,95],{"class":63},[49,154799,103],{"class":85},[49,154801,154802,154804,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154803,17412],{"class":55},[49,154805,1256],{"class":85},[49,154807,1223],{"class":458},[49,154809,13182],{"class":85},[49,154811,13185],{"class":59},[49,154813,64],{"class":63},[49,154815,22433],{"class":67},[49,154817,71],{"class":63},[20,154819,154820],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154822,154823],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[181,154825,1308],{"id":1307},[20,154827,154828],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[194,154830,154831,154837,154840,154843],{},[197,154832,132427,154833,10999,154835],{},[15,154834,1223],{},[15,154836,516],{},[197,154838,154839],{},"Using an index that is too large",[197,154841,154842],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[197,154844,154845,154846],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154847,154848],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154850,62185],{},[40,154852,154854],{"className":42,"code":154853,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154855,154856,154866,154880,154894,154910],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154857,154858,154860,154862,154864],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154859,110],{"class":109},[49,154861,92],{"class":85},[49,154863,147717],{"class":88},[49,154865,103],{"class":85},[49,154867,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876,154878],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,154869,110],{"class":109},[49,154871,92],{"class":85},[49,154873,1631],{"class":109},[49,154875,92],{"class":85},[49,154877,147717],{"class":88},[49,154879,1581],{"class":85},[49,154881,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,154883,110],{"class":109},[49,154885,92],{"class":85},[49,154887,147717],{"class":88},[49,154889,1256],{"class":85},[49,154891,516],{"class":458},[49,154893,3794],{"class":85},[49,154895,154896,154898,154900,154902,154904,154906,154908],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,154897,110],{"class":109},[49,154899,92],{"class":85},[49,154901,147717],{"class":88},[49,154903,1256],{"class":85},[49,154905,1926],{"class":59},[49,154907,1223],{"class":458},[49,154909,3794],{"class":85},[49,154911,154912,154914,154916,154918,154920,154922],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,154913,110],{"class":109},[49,154915,92],{"class":85},[49,154917,3127],{"class":2804},[49,154919,92],{"class":85},[49,154921,147717],{"class":88},[49,154923,1581],{"class":85},[20,154925,154926],{},"These can help you confirm:",[194,154928,154929,154932,154934,154937],{},[197,154930,154931],{},"what the tuple contains",[197,154933,60675],{},[197,154935,154936],{},"what the first and last items are",[197,154938,154939],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[181,154941,1704],{"id":1703},[353,154943,154945],{"id":154944},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154947,154948,154949,32],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154950,516],{},[353,154952,154954],{"id":154953},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154956,35,154957,154959],{},[15,154958,31],{}," as the index:",[40,154961,154963],{"className":42,"code":154962,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154964,154965],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154966,154967,154969,154971,154973,154975],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154968,147717],{"class":55},[49,154970,1256],{"class":85},[49,154972,1926],{"class":59},[49,154974,1223],{"class":458},[49,154976,1244],{"class":85},[353,154978,154980],{"id":154979},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154982,154983],{},"Python raises:",[40,154985,154987],{"className":42,"code":154986,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154988,154989],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,154990,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,154992,70612],{"class":2804},[49,154994,1197],{"class":85},[49,154996,149065],{"class":2804},[49,154998,154415],{"class":55},[49,155000,70804],{"class":109},[353,155002,155004],{"id":155003},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155006,155007],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[181,155009,1775],{"id":1774},[194,155011,155012,155017,155021,155025,155031],{},[197,155013,155014],{},[820,155015,155016],{"href":147702},"How to create a tuple in Python",[197,155018,155019],{},[820,155020,150616],{"href":150615},[197,155022,155023],{},[820,155024,150621],{"href":148937},[197,155026,155027],{},[820,155028,1830,155029],{"href":154541},[15,155030,154544],{},[197,155032,155033],{},[820,155034,147699],{"href":147698},[1834,155036,155037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":155039},[155040,155041,155042,155043,155044,155045,155046,155047,155048,155049,155055],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":153803,"depth":74,"text":153804},{"id":153929,"depth":74,"text":153930},{"id":154067,"depth":74,"text":154068},{"id":154194,"depth":74,"text":154195},{"id":154319,"depth":74,"text":154320},{"id":154547,"depth":74,"text":154548},{"id":154699,"depth":74,"text":154700},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":155050},[155051,155052,155053,155054],{"id":154944,"depth":106,"text":154945},{"id":154953,"depth":106,"text":154954},{"id":154979,"depth":106,"text":154980},{"id":155003,"depth":106,"text":155004},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153660,"description":155056},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155062,"title":155063,"body":155064,"description":156953,"extension":1866,"meta":156954,"navigation":128,"path":156955,"seo":156956,"stem":156957,"__hash__":156958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155065,"toc":156910},[155066,155072,155077,155128,155132,155140,155146,155148,155164,155166,155169,155184,155186,155199,155201,155258,155262,155270,155277,155283,155289,155293,155344,155348,155356,155360,155389,155393,155401,155405,155438,155442,155450,155454,155457,155508,155512,155520,155522,155539,155543,155547,155606,155610,155618,155621,155648,155652,155660,155664,155670,155745,155749,155786,155794,155798,155861,155865,155873,155878,155882,155888,155931,155935,155943,155949,155952,155999,156003,156011,156020,156026,156081,156085,156093,156096,156100,156102,156133,156137,156156,156159,156204,156208,156231,156237,156242,156244,156291,156296,156299,156347,156351,156359,156363,156368,156372,156422,156426,156441,156445,156503,156507,156522,156526,156597,156601,156610,156614,156693,156697,156719,156727,156729,156732,156757,156759,156812,156814,156831,156833,156837,156843,156848,156853,156857,156862,156866,156871,156877,156880,156882,156907],[10,155067,155069,155070,118],{"id":155068},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155071,1631],{},[20,155073,35,155074,155076],{},[15,155075,42261],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[40,155078,155080],{"className":42,"code":155079,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155081,155082,155114],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155083,155084,155086,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155085,12984],{"class":55},[49,155087,60],{"class":59},[49,155089,9142],{"class":85},[49,155091,95],{"class":63},[49,155093,13001],{"class":67},[49,155095,95],{"class":63},[49,155097,341],{"class":85},[49,155099,64],{"class":63},[49,155101,17365],{"class":67},[49,155103,95],{"class":63},[49,155105,341],{"class":85},[49,155107,64],{"class":63},[49,155109,13018],{"class":67},[49,155111,95],{"class":63},[49,155113,103],{"class":85},[49,155115,155116,155118,155120,155122,155124,155126],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155117,110],{"class":109},[49,155119,92],{"class":85},[49,155121,1631],{"class":109},[49,155123,92],{"class":85},[49,155125,17412],{"class":88},[49,155127,1581],{"class":85},[20,155129,155130],{},[666,155131,1974],{},[40,155133,155134],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155135,155136],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155137,155138],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155139,46516],{"class":458},[20,155141,35,155142,155145],{},[15,155143,155144],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[181,155147,15073],{"id":15072},[194,155149,155150,155155,155159,155162],{},[197,155151,4104,155152,155154],{},[15,155153,42261],{}," works with tuples",[197,155156,68140,155157,11612],{},[15,155158,42261],{},[197,155160,155161],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[197,155163,4425],{},[181,155165,316],{"id":315},[20,155167,155168],{},"Use this pattern:",[40,155170,155172],{"className":42,"code":155171,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155173,155174],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155175,155176,155178,155180,155182],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155177,1631],{"class":109},[49,155179,92],{"class":85},[49,155181,147717],{"class":88},[49,155183,103],{"class":85},[20,155185,11364],{},[194,155187,155188,155191,155194],{},[197,155189,155190],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[197,155192,155193],{},"The result is an integer",[197,155195,155196,155198],{},[15,155197,42261],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155200,214],{},[40,155202,155204],{"className":42,"code":155203,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155205,155206,155230,155244,155248],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155207,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155209,3525],{"class":55},[49,155211,60],{"class":59},[49,155213,9142],{"class":85},[49,155215,2233],{"class":458},[49,155217,341],{"class":85},[49,155219,7698],{"class":458},[49,155221,341],{"class":85},[49,155223,7703],{"class":458},[49,155225,341],{"class":85},[49,155227,50744],{"class":458},[49,155229,103],{"class":85},[49,155231,155232,155234,155236,155238,155240,155242],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155233,41142],{"class":55},[49,155235,60],{"class":59},[49,155237,38289],{"class":109},[49,155239,92],{"class":85},[49,155241,3556],{"class":88},[49,155243,103],{"class":85},[49,155245,155246],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,155247,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,155249,155250,155252,155254,155256],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,155251,110],{"class":109},[49,155253,92],{"class":85},[49,155255,41160],{"class":88},[49,155257,103],{"class":85},[20,155259,155260],{},[666,155261,1974],{},[40,155263,155264],{"className":42,"code":48550,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155265,155266],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155267,155268],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155269,48550],{"class":458},[20,155271,155272,155273,32],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[820,155274,3482,155275,3415],{"href":42258},[15,155276,42261],{},[181,155278,184,155280,155282],{"id":155279},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155281,42261],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155284,155285,155286,155288],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155287,42261],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[353,155290,155292],{"id":155291},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[40,155294,155296],{"className":42,"code":155295,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155297,155298,155330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155299,155300,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155301,36143],{"class":55},[49,155303,60],{"class":59},[49,155305,9142],{"class":85},[49,155307,95],{"class":63},[49,155309,3985],{"class":67},[49,155311,95],{"class":63},[49,155313,341],{"class":85},[49,155315,64],{"class":63},[49,155317,230],{"class":67},[49,155319,95],{"class":63},[49,155321,341],{"class":85},[49,155323,64],{"class":63},[49,155325,33128],{"class":67},[49,155327,95],{"class":63},[49,155329,103],{"class":85},[49,155331,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340,155342],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155333,110],{"class":109},[49,155335,92],{"class":85},[49,155337,1631],{"class":109},[49,155339,92],{"class":85},[49,155341,36195],{"class":88},[49,155343,1581],{"class":85},[20,155345,155346],{},[666,155347,1974],{},[40,155349,155350],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155351,155352],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155353,155354],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155355,46516],{"class":458},[353,155357,155359],{"id":155358},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[40,155361,155363],{"className":42,"code":155362,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155364,155365,155374],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155366,155367,155370,155372],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155368,155369],{"class":55},"empty_tuple ",[49,155371,60],{"class":59},[49,155373,149041],{"class":85},[49,155375,155376,155378,155380,155382,155384,155387],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155377,110],{"class":109},[49,155379,92],{"class":85},[49,155381,1631],{"class":109},[49,155383,92],{"class":85},[49,155385,155386],{"class":88},"empty_tuple",[49,155388,1581],{"class":85},[20,155390,155391],{},[666,155392,1974],{},[40,155394,155395],{"className":42,"code":47151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155396,155397],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155398,155399],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155400,47151],{"class":458},[353,155402,155404],{"id":155403},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[40,155406,155408],{"className":42,"code":155407,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155409,155410,155423],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155411,155412,155415,155417,155419,155421],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155413,155414],{"class":55},"single_value ",[49,155416,60],{"class":59},[49,155418,9142],{"class":85},[49,155420,2040],{"class":458},[49,155422,149055],{"class":85},[49,155424,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433,155436],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155426,110],{"class":109},[49,155428,92],{"class":85},[49,155430,1631],{"class":109},[49,155432,92],{"class":85},[49,155434,155435],{"class":88},"single_value",[49,155437,1581],{"class":85},[20,155439,155440],{},[666,155441,1974],{},[40,155443,155444],{"className":42,"code":46816,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155445,155446],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155447,155448],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155449,46816],{"class":458},[353,155451,155453],{"id":155452},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155455,155456],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[40,155458,155460],{"className":42,"code":155459,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155461,155462,155494],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155463,155464,155466,155468,155470,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482,155484,155486,155488,155490,155492],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155465,9071],{"class":55},[49,155467,60],{"class":59},[49,155469,9142],{"class":85},[49,155471,1223],{"class":458},[49,155473,341],{"class":85},[49,155475,9142],{"class":85},[49,155477,312],{"class":458},[49,155479,341],{"class":85},[49,155481,2354],{"class":458},[49,155483,9139],{"class":85},[49,155485,3530],{"class":85},[49,155487,2407],{"class":458},[49,155489,341],{"class":85},[49,155491,459],{"class":458},[49,155493,3794],{"class":85},[49,155495,155496,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155497,110],{"class":109},[49,155499,92],{"class":85},[49,155501,1631],{"class":109},[49,155503,92],{"class":85},[49,155505,9110],{"class":88},[49,155507,1581],{"class":85},[20,155509,155510],{},[666,155511,1974],{},[40,155513,155514],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155515,155516],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155517,155518],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155519,46516],{"class":458},[20,155521,19868],{},[194,155523,155524,155529,155534],{},[197,155525,155526,155528],{},[15,155527,1223],{}," is one item",[197,155530,155531,155528],{},[15,155532,155533],{},"(2, 3)",[197,155535,155536,155528],{},[15,155537,155538],{},"[4, 5]",[181,155540,155542],{"id":155541},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[353,155544,155546],{"id":155545},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[40,155548,155550],{"className":42,"code":155549,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155551,155552,155592],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155553,155554,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584,155586,155588,155590],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155555,12984],{"class":55},[49,155557,60],{"class":59},[49,155559,9142],{"class":85},[49,155561,95],{"class":63},[49,155563,13001],{"class":67},[49,155565,95],{"class":63},[49,155567,341],{"class":85},[49,155569,64],{"class":63},[49,155571,17365],{"class":67},[49,155573,95],{"class":63},[49,155575,341],{"class":85},[49,155577,64],{"class":63},[49,155579,13018],{"class":67},[49,155581,95],{"class":63},[49,155583,341],{"class":85},[49,155585,64],{"class":63},[49,155587,22433],{"class":67},[49,155589,95],{"class":63},[49,155591,103],{"class":85},[49,155593,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155595,110],{"class":109},[49,155597,92],{"class":85},[49,155599,1631],{"class":109},[49,155601,92],{"class":85},[49,155603,17412],{"class":88},[49,155605,1581],{"class":85},[20,155607,155608],{},[666,155609,1974],{},[40,155611,155612],{"className":42,"code":48550,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155613,155614],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155615,155616],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155617,48550],{"class":458},[353,155619,155359],{"id":155620},"empty-tuple-1",[40,155622,155624],{"className":42,"code":155623,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155625,155626,155634],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155627,155628,155630,155632],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155629,7687],{"class":55},[49,155631,60],{"class":59},[49,155633,149041],{"class":85},[49,155635,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155637,110],{"class":109},[49,155639,92],{"class":85},[49,155641,1631],{"class":109},[49,155643,92],{"class":85},[49,155645,7718],{"class":88},[49,155647,1581],{"class":85},[20,155649,155650],{},[666,155651,1974],{},[40,155653,155654],{"className":42,"code":47151,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155655,155656],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155657,155658],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155659,47151],{"class":458},[353,155661,155663],{"id":155662},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155665,155666,155667,155669],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[666,155668,4536],{}," always a tuple.",[40,155671,155673],{"className":42,"code":155672,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155674,155675,155687,155699,155703,155717,155731],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155676,155677,155679,155681,155683,155685],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155678,2457],{"class":55},[49,155680,60],{"class":59},[49,155682,9142],{"class":85},[49,155684,2040],{"class":458},[49,155686,103],{"class":85},[49,155688,155689,155691,155693,155695,155697],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155690,2485],{"class":55},[49,155692,60],{"class":59},[49,155694,9142],{"class":85},[49,155696,2040],{"class":458},[49,155698,149055],{"class":85},[49,155700,155701],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,155702,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,155704,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,155706,110],{"class":109},[49,155708,92],{"class":85},[49,155710,3127],{"class":2804},[49,155712,92],{"class":85},[49,155714,820],{"class":88},[49,155716,1581],{"class":85},[49,155718,155719,155721,155723,155725,155727,155729],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,155720,110],{"class":109},[49,155722,92],{"class":85},[49,155724,3127],{"class":2804},[49,155726,92],{"class":85},[49,155728,4667],{"class":88},[49,155730,1581],{"class":85},[49,155732,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,155734,110],{"class":109},[49,155736,92],{"class":85},[49,155738,1631],{"class":109},[49,155740,92],{"class":85},[49,155742,4667],{"class":88},[49,155744,1581],{"class":85},[20,155746,155747],{},[666,155748,1974],{},[40,155750,155752],{"className":42,"code":155751,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155753,155754,155768,155782],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155755,155756,155758,155760,155762,155764,155766],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155757,3196],{"class":59},[49,155759,3199],{"class":1968},[49,155761,3202],{"class":63},[49,155763,2090],{"class":67},[49,155765,1573],{"class":63},[49,155767,3209],{"class":59},[49,155769,155770,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155771,3196],{"class":59},[49,155773,3199],{"class":1968},[49,155775,3202],{"class":63},[49,155777,48853],{"class":67},[49,155779,1573],{"class":63},[49,155781,3209],{"class":59},[49,155783,155784],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,155785,46816],{"class":458},[20,155787,155788,155789,380,155792,32],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[820,155790,155791],{"href":147702},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[820,155793,149003],{"href":149002},[353,155795,155797],{"id":155796},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[40,155799,155801],{"className":42,"code":155800,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155802,155803,155847],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155804,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823,155825,155827,155829,155831,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155806,59368],{"class":55},[49,155808,60],{"class":59},[49,155810,9142],{"class":85},[49,155812,95],{"class":63},[49,155814,3985],{"class":67},[49,155816,95],{"class":63},[49,155818,341],{"class":85},[49,155820,3530],{"class":85},[49,155822,1223],{"class":458},[49,155824,341],{"class":85},[49,155826,2896],{"class":458},[49,155828,17972],{"class":85},[49,155830,9142],{"class":85},[49,155832,95],{"class":63},[49,155834,283],{"class":67},[49,155836,95],{"class":63},[49,155838,341],{"class":85},[49,155840,64],{"class":63},[49,155842,11652],{"class":67},[49,155844,95],{"class":63},[49,155846,1581],{"class":85},[49,155848,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155850,110],{"class":109},[49,155852,92],{"class":85},[49,155854,1631],{"class":109},[49,155856,92],{"class":85},[49,155858,59421],{"class":88},[49,155860,1581],{"class":85},[20,155862,155863],{},[666,155864,1974],{},[40,155866,155867],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155868,155869],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155870,155871],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155872,46516],{"class":458},[20,155874,155875,155877],{},[15,155876,42261],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[181,155879,155881],{"id":155880},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[353,155883,155885,155887],{"id":155884},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155886,42261],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[40,155889,155891],{"className":42,"code":155890,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155892,155893,155917],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155894,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913,155915],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155896,3976],{"class":55},[49,155898,60],{"class":59},[49,155900,9142],{"class":85},[49,155902,95],{"class":63},[49,155904,63486],{"class":67},[49,155906,95],{"class":63},[49,155908,341],{"class":85},[49,155910,64],{"class":63},[49,155912,44],{"class":67},[49,155914,95],{"class":63},[49,155916,103],{"class":85},[49,155918,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927,155929],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155920,110],{"class":109},[49,155922,92],{"class":85},[49,155924,1631],{"class":109},[49,155926,92],{"class":85},[49,155928,4019],{"class":88},[49,155930,1581],{"class":85},[20,155932,155933],{},[666,155934,1974],{},[40,155936,155937],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,155938,155939],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155940,155941],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155942,16968],{"class":458},[20,155944,155945,155946,155948],{},"This result is ",[15,155947,312],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155950,155951],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[40,155953,155955],{"className":42,"code":155954,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155956,155957,155981],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,155958,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,155960,3976],{"class":55},[49,155962,60],{"class":59},[49,155964,9142],{"class":85},[49,155966,95],{"class":63},[49,155968,63486],{"class":67},[49,155970,95],{"class":63},[49,155972,341],{"class":85},[49,155974,64],{"class":63},[49,155976,44],{"class":67},[49,155978,95],{"class":63},[49,155980,103],{"class":85},[49,155982,155983,155985,155987,155989,155991,155993,155995,155997],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,155984,110],{"class":109},[49,155986,92],{"class":85},[49,155988,1631],{"class":109},[49,155990,92],{"class":85},[49,155992,4019],{"class":88},[49,155994,1256],{"class":85},[49,155996,516],{"class":458},[49,155998,2903],{"class":85},[20,156000,156001],{},[666,156002,1974],{},[40,156004,156005],{"className":42,"code":16968,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,156006,156007],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156008,156009],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156010,16968],{"class":458},[20,156012,305,156013,156016,156017,32],{},[15,156014,156015],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156018,156019],{},"\"hi\"",[353,156021,156023,156025],{"id":156022},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156024,42261],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[40,156027,156029],{"className":42,"code":156028,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156030,156031,156067],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156032,156033,156035,156037,156039,156041,156043,156045,156047,156049,156051,156053,156055,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156034,3729],{"class":55},[49,156036,60],{"class":59},[49,156038,9902],{"class":85},[49,156040,1223],{"class":458},[49,156042,341],{"class":85},[49,156044,2896],{"class":458},[49,156046,9139],{"class":85},[49,156048,9142],{"class":85},[49,156050,1965],{"class":458},[49,156052,341],{"class":85},[49,156054,808],{"class":458},[49,156056,9139],{"class":85},[49,156058,9142],{"class":85},[49,156060,2040],{"class":458},[49,156062,341],{"class":85},[49,156064,37548],{"class":458},[49,156066,1581],{"class":85},[49,156068,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156070,110],{"class":109},[49,156072,92],{"class":85},[49,156074,1631],{"class":109},[49,156076,92],{"class":85},[49,156078,5266],{"class":88},[49,156080,1581],{"class":85},[20,156082,156083],{},[666,156084,1974],{},[40,156086,156087],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,156088,156089],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156090,156091],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156092,46516],{"class":458},[20,156094,156095],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[353,156097,156099],{"id":156098},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156101,25600],{},[40,156103,156105],{"className":42,"code":156104,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156106,156107,156119],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156108,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156110,2349],{"class":55},[49,156112,60],{"class":59},[49,156114,9142],{"class":85},[49,156116,2233],{"class":458},[49,156118,103],{"class":85},[49,156120,156121,156123,156125,156127,156129,156131],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156122,110],{"class":109},[49,156124,92],{"class":85},[49,156126,3127],{"class":2804},[49,156128,92],{"class":85},[49,156130,338],{"class":88},[49,156132,1581],{"class":85},[20,156134,156135],{},[666,156136,1974],{},[40,156138,156140],{"className":42,"code":156139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156141,156142],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156143,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156145,3196],{"class":59},[49,156147,3199],{"class":1968},[49,156149,3202],{"class":63},[49,156151,2090],{"class":67},[49,156153,1573],{"class":63},[49,156155,3209],{"class":59},[20,156157,156158],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[40,156160,156162],{"className":42,"code":156161,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156163,156164,156176,156190],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156165,156166,156168,156170,156172,156174],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156167,2349],{"class":55},[49,156169,60],{"class":59},[49,156171,9142],{"class":85},[49,156173,2233],{"class":458},[49,156175,149055],{"class":85},[49,156177,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156179,110],{"class":109},[49,156181,92],{"class":85},[49,156183,3127],{"class":2804},[49,156185,92],{"class":85},[49,156187,338],{"class":88},[49,156189,1581],{"class":85},[49,156191,156192,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,156193,110],{"class":109},[49,156195,92],{"class":85},[49,156197,1631],{"class":109},[49,156199,92],{"class":85},[49,156201,338],{"class":88},[49,156203,1581],{"class":85},[20,156205,156206],{},[666,156207,1974],{},[40,156209,156211],{"className":42,"code":156210,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156212,156213,156227],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156214,156215,156217,156219,156221,156223,156225],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156216,3196],{"class":59},[49,156218,3199],{"class":1968},[49,156220,3202],{"class":63},[49,156222,48853],{"class":67},[49,156224,1573],{"class":63},[49,156226,3209],{"class":59},[49,156228,156229],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156230,46816],{"class":458},[353,156232,156234,156236],{"id":156233},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156235,1631],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156238,44328,156239,156241],{},[15,156240,1631],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156243,44359],{},[40,156245,156247],{"className":42,"code":156246,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156248,156249,156257,156277],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156250,156251,156253,156255],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156252,1631],{"class":109},[49,156254,13185],{"class":59},[49,156256,2490],{"class":458},[49,156258,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269,156271,156273,156275],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156260,3525],{"class":55},[49,156262,60],{"class":59},[49,156264,9142],{"class":85},[49,156266,1223],{"class":458},[49,156268,341],{"class":85},[49,156270,2896],{"class":458},[49,156272,341],{"class":85},[49,156274,2354],{"class":458},[49,156276,103],{"class":85},[49,156278,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,156280,110],{"class":109},[49,156282,92],{"class":85},[49,156284,1631],{"class":109},[49,156286,92],{"class":85},[49,156288,3556],{"class":88},[49,156290,1581],{"class":85},[20,156292,39556,156293,156295],{},[15,156294,1631],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156297,156298],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[40,156300,156302],{"className":42,"code":156301,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156303,156304,156313,156333],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156305,156306,156309,156311],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156307,156308],{"class":55},"length_value ",[49,156310,60],{"class":59},[49,156312,2490],{"class":458},[49,156314,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325,156327,156329,156331],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156316,3525],{"class":55},[49,156318,60],{"class":59},[49,156320,9142],{"class":85},[49,156322,1223],{"class":458},[49,156324,341],{"class":85},[49,156326,2896],{"class":458},[49,156328,341],{"class":85},[49,156330,2354],{"class":458},[49,156332,103],{"class":85},[49,156334,156335,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,156336,110],{"class":109},[49,156338,92],{"class":85},[49,156340,1631],{"class":109},[49,156342,92],{"class":85},[49,156344,3556],{"class":88},[49,156346,1581],{"class":85},[20,156348,156349],{},[666,156350,1974],{},[40,156352,156353],{"className":42,"code":46516,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,156354,156355],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156356,156357],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156358,46516],{"class":458},[181,156360,156362],{"id":156361},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156364,156365,156367],{},[15,156366,42261],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[353,156369,156371],{"id":156370},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[40,156373,156375],{"className":42,"code":156374,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156376,156377,156385,156389,156407],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156378,156379,156381,156383],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156380,7687],{"class":55},[49,156382,60],{"class":59},[49,156384,149041],{"class":85},[49,156386,156387],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156388,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,156390,156391,156393,156395,156397,156399,156401,156403,156405],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,156392,1211],{"class":1210},[49,156394,38289],{"class":109},[49,156396,92],{"class":85},[49,156398,7718],{"class":88},[49,156400,118],{"class":85},[49,156402,6315],{"class":59},[49,156404,770],{"class":458},[49,156406,1226],{"class":85},[49,156408,156409,156411,156413,156415,156418,156420],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,156410,1273],{"class":109},[49,156412,92],{"class":85},[49,156414,95],{"class":63},[49,156416,156417],{"class":67},"The tuple is empty",[49,156419,95],{"class":63},[49,156421,103],{"class":85},[20,156423,156424],{},[666,156425,1974],{},[40,156427,156429],{"className":42,"code":156428,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156430,156431],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156432,156433,156435,156437,156439],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156434,661],{"class":55},[49,156436,48853],{"class":2804},[49,156438,8005],{"class":59},[49,156440,8011],{"class":55},[353,156442,156444],{"id":156443},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[40,156446,156448],{"className":42,"code":156447,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156449,156450,156466,156470,156488],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156451,156452,156454,156456,156458,156460,156462,156464],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156453,51284],{"class":55},[49,156455,60],{"class":59},[49,156457,9142],{"class":85},[49,156459,2407],{"class":458},[49,156461,341],{"class":85},[49,156463,493],{"class":458},[49,156465,103],{"class":85},[49,156467,156468],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156469,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,156471,156472,156474,156476,156478,156480,156482,156484,156486],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,156473,1211],{"class":1210},[49,156475,38289],{"class":109},[49,156477,92],{"class":85},[49,156479,51309],{"class":88},[49,156481,118],{"class":85},[49,156483,6315],{"class":59},[49,156485,2896],{"class":458},[49,156487,1226],{"class":85},[49,156489,156490,156492,156494,156496,156499,156501],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,156491,1273],{"class":109},[49,156493,92],{"class":85},[49,156495,95],{"class":63},[49,156497,156498],{"class":67},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[49,156500,95],{"class":63},[49,156502,103],{"class":85},[20,156504,156505],{},[666,156506,1974],{},[40,156508,156510],{"className":42,"code":156509,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156511,156512],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156513,156514,156517,156519],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156515,156516],{"class":55},"This looks like an x",[49,156518,341],{"class":85},[49,156520,156521],{"class":55}," y coordinate\n",[353,156523,156525],{"id":156524},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[40,156527,156529],{"className":42,"code":156528,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156530,156531,156560,156564,156582],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156532,156533,156535,156537,156539,156541,156543,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156556,156558],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156534,11394],{"class":55},[49,156536,60],{"class":59},[49,156538,9142],{"class":85},[49,156540,95],{"class":63},[49,156542,12788],{"class":67},[49,156544,95],{"class":63},[49,156546,341],{"class":85},[49,156548,9212],{"class":458},[49,156550,341],{"class":85},[49,156552,64],{"class":63},[49,156554,156555],{"class":67},"Canada",[49,156557,95],{"class":63},[49,156559,103],{"class":85},[49,156561,156562],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156563,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,156565,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576,156578,156580],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,156567,1211],{"class":1210},[49,156569,38289],{"class":109},[49,156571,92],{"class":85},[49,156573,11488],{"class":88},[49,156575,118],{"class":85},[49,156577,6315],{"class":59},[49,156579,2354],{"class":458},[49,156581,1226],{"class":85},[49,156583,156584,156586,156588,156590,156593,156595],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,156585,1273],{"class":109},[49,156587,92],{"class":85},[49,156589,95],{"class":63},[49,156591,156592],{"class":67},"User record has the expected number of values",[49,156594,95],{"class":63},[49,156596,103],{"class":85},[20,156598,156599],{},[666,156600,1974],{},[40,156602,156604],{"className":42,"code":156603,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156605,156606],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156607,156608],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156609,156603],{"class":55},[353,156611,156613],{"id":156612},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[40,156615,156617],{"className":42,"code":156616,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156618,156619,156651,156655,156675],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156620,156621,156623,156625,156627,156629,156631,156633,156635,156637,156639,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156622,35994],{"class":55},[49,156624,60],{"class":59},[49,156626,9142],{"class":85},[49,156628,95],{"class":63},[49,156630,820],{"class":67},[49,156632,95],{"class":63},[49,156634,341],{"class":85},[49,156636,64],{"class":63},[49,156638,4667],{"class":67},[49,156640,95],{"class":63},[49,156642,341],{"class":85},[49,156644,64],{"class":63},[49,156646,9646],{"class":67},[49,156648,95],{"class":63},[49,156650,103],{"class":85},[49,156652,156653],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156654,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,156656,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667,156669,156671,156673],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,156658,5865],{"class":1210},[49,156660,69430],{"class":55},[49,156662,3788],{"class":1210},[49,156664,53968],{"class":109},[49,156666,92],{"class":85},[49,156668,1631],{"class":109},[49,156670,92],{"class":85},[49,156672,36047],{"class":88},[49,156674,69445],{"class":85},[49,156676,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,156678,1273],{"class":109},[49,156680,92],{"class":85},[49,156682,36058],{"class":88},[49,156684,341],{"class":85},[49,156686,69977],{"class":88},[49,156688,1256],{"class":85},[49,156690,36058],{"class":88},[49,156692,3794],{"class":85},[20,156694,156695],{},[666,156696,1974],{},[40,156698,156699],{"className":42,"code":36070,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,156700,156701,156707,156713],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156702,156703,156705],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156704,516],{"class":458},[49,156706,36079],{"class":55},[49,156708,156709,156711],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156710,1223],{"class":458},[49,156712,36086],{"class":55},[49,156714,156715,156717],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,156716,312],{"class":458},[49,156718,36093],{"class":55},[20,156720,156721,156722,156724,156725,32],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[820,156723,149372],{"href":149371},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[820,156726,150616],{"href":150615},[181,156728,1308],{"id":1307},[20,156730,156731],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[194,156733,156734,156742,156749,156754],{},[197,156735,156736,156737,10999,156740],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156738,156739],{},"(5)",[15,156741,149206],{},[197,156743,644,156744,156746,156747],{},[15,156745,1631],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156748,42261],{},[197,156750,1318,156751,156753],{},[15,156752,42261],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[197,156755,156756],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156758,31989],{},[40,156760,156762],{"className":42,"code":156761,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156763,156764,156774,156788,156802],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156765,156766,156768,156770,156772],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156767,110],{"class":109},[49,156769,92],{"class":85},[49,156771,147717],{"class":88},[49,156773,103],{"class":85},[49,156775,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,156777,110],{"class":109},[49,156779,92],{"class":85},[49,156781,3127],{"class":2804},[49,156783,92],{"class":85},[49,156785,147717],{"class":88},[49,156787,1581],{"class":85},[49,156789,156790,156792,156794,156796,156798,156800],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,156791,110],{"class":109},[49,156793,92],{"class":85},[49,156795,1631],{"class":109},[49,156797,92],{"class":85},[49,156799,147717],{"class":88},[49,156801,1581],{"class":85},[49,156803,156804,156806,156808,156810],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,156805,32059],{"class":109},[49,156807,92],{"class":85},[49,156809,1631],{"class":109},[49,156811,103],{"class":85},[20,156813,154926],{},[194,156815,156816,156819,156822,156826],{},[197,156817,156818],{},"what value you are using",[197,156820,156821],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[197,156823,25929,156824,11612],{},[15,156825,42261],{},[197,156827,123250,156828,156830],{},[15,156829,42261],{}," is documented in Python",[181,156832,1704],{"id":1703},[353,156834,156836],{"id":156835},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156838,35,156839,156842],{},[15,156840,156841],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[353,156844,1720,156846,148876],{"id":156845},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156847,42261],{},[20,156849,46264,156850,156852],{},[15,156851,42261],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[353,156854,156856],{"id":156855},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156858,156859,156860,32],{},"The length is ",[15,156861,516],{},[353,156863,156865],{"id":156864},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156867,150562,156868,156870],{},[15,156869,150565],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[353,156872,1720,156874,156876],{"id":156873},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156875,42261],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156878,156879],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[181,156881,1775],{"id":1774},[194,156883,156884,156890,156894,156898,156902],{},[197,156885,156886],{},[820,156887,3482,156888,3415],{"href":42258},[15,156889,42261],{},[197,156891,156892],{},[820,156893,155791],{"href":147702},[197,156895,156896],{},[820,156897,149372],{"href":149371},[197,156899,156900],{},[820,156901,150616],{"href":150615},[197,156903,156904],{},[820,156905,156906],{"href":149002},"What is a tuple in Python",[1834,156908,156909],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":156911},[156912,156913,156914,156921,156927,156936,156942,156943,156952],{"id":15072,"depth":74,"text":15073},{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":155279,"depth":74,"text":156915,"children":156916},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156917,156918,156919,156920],{"id":155291,"depth":106,"text":155292},{"id":155358,"depth":106,"text":155359},{"id":155403,"depth":106,"text":155404},{"id":155452,"depth":106,"text":155453},{"id":155541,"depth":74,"text":155542,"children":156922},[156923,156924,156925,156926],{"id":155545,"depth":106,"text":155546},{"id":155620,"depth":106,"text":155359},{"id":155662,"depth":106,"text":155663},{"id":155796,"depth":106,"text":155797},{"id":155880,"depth":74,"text":155881,"children":156928},[156929,156931,156933,156934],{"id":155884,"depth":106,"text":156930},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156022,"depth":106,"text":156932},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156098,"depth":106,"text":156099},{"id":156233,"depth":106,"text":156935},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156361,"depth":74,"text":156362,"children":156937},[156938,156939,156940,156941],{"id":156370,"depth":106,"text":156371},{"id":156443,"depth":106,"text":156444},{"id":156524,"depth":106,"text":156525},{"id":156612,"depth":106,"text":156613},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":156944},[156945,156946,156948,156949,156950],{"id":156835,"depth":106,"text":156836},{"id":156845,"depth":106,"text":156947},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156855,"depth":106,"text":156856},{"id":156864,"depth":106,"text":156865},{"id":156873,"depth":106,"text":156951},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155063,"description":156953},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156960,"title":156961,"body":156962,"description":159347,"extension":1866,"meta":159348,"navigation":128,"path":159349,"seo":159350,"stem":159351,"__hash__":159352},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156963,"toc":159308},[156964,156967,156970,156973,156996,157002,157004,157115,157119,157122,157132,157134,157233,157235,157312,157318,157322,157325,157348,157351,157368,157371,157373,157436,157438,157455,157466,157471,157473,157476,157482,157533,157535,157555,157559,157610,157612,157633,157637,157692,157694,157715,157719,157774,157776,157797,157801,157854,157856,157885,157887,157889,157892,157896,157953,157955,157976,157980,158033,158035,158060,158065,158069,158074,158092,158095,158158,158160,158181,158184,158245,158247,158268,158271,158314,158317,158321,158326,158330,158409,158411,158442,158446,158521,158523,158550,158554,158601,158603,158611,158616,158620,158623,158638,158640,158728,158730,158755,158758,158801,158810,158812,158815,158830,158833,158837,158891,158893,158913,158918,158922,158924,158962,158965,159015,159019,159092,159094,159131,159134,159136,159139,159159,159162,159231,159233,159246,159248,159252,159255,159259,159262,159267,159270,159276,159281,159283,159305],[10,156965,156961],{"id":156966},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156968,156969],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156971,156972],{},"Use this format:",[40,156974,156976],{"className":42,"code":156975,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156977,156978],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,156979,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,156981,48853],{"class":55},[49,156983,1256],{"class":85},[49,156985,368],{"class":55},[49,156987,1197],{"class":85},[49,156989,75305],{"class":55},[49,156991,1197],{"class":85},[49,156993,75308],{"class":55},[49,156995,1244],{"class":85},[20,156997,661,156998,664,157000,32],{},[15,156999,75305],{},[666,157001,668],{},[181,157003,1907],{"id":1906},[40,157005,157007],{"className":42,"code":157006,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157008,157009,157037,157041,157062,157079,157096],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157010,157011,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157012,3525],{"class":55},[49,157014,60],{"class":59},[49,157016,9142],{"class":85},[49,157018,2233],{"class":458},[49,157020,341],{"class":85},[49,157022,7698],{"class":458},[49,157024,341],{"class":85},[49,157026,7703],{"class":458},[49,157028,341],{"class":85},[49,157030,50744],{"class":458},[49,157032,341],{"class":85},[49,157034,4988],{"class":458},[49,157036,103],{"class":85},[49,157038,157039],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157040,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157042,157043,157045,157047,157049,157051,157053,157055,157057,157059],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,157044,110],{"class":109},[49,157046,92],{"class":85},[49,157048,3556],{"class":88},[49,157050,1256],{"class":85},[49,157052,1223],{"class":458},[49,157054,1197],{"class":85},[49,157056,2407],{"class":458},[49,157058,20357],{"class":85},[49,157060,157061],{"class":121},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[49,157063,157064,157066,157068,157070,157072,157074,157076],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,157065,110],{"class":109},[49,157067,92],{"class":85},[49,157069,3556],{"class":88},[49,157071,1238],{"class":85},[49,157073,1965],{"class":458},[49,157075,20357],{"class":85},[49,157077,157078],{"class":121},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[49,157080,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,157082,110],{"class":109},[49,157084,92],{"class":85},[49,157086,3556],{"class":88},[49,157088,74001],{"class":85},[49,157090,312],{"class":458},[49,157092,20357],{"class":85},[49,157094,157095],{"class":121},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[49,157097,157098,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,157099,110],{"class":109},[49,157101,92],{"class":85},[49,157103,3556],{"class":88},[49,157105,74001],{"class":85},[49,157107,1926],{"class":59},[49,157109,1223],{"class":458},[49,157111,20357],{"class":85},[49,157113,157114],{"class":121},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[181,157116,157118],{"id":157117},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157120,157121],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[194,157123,157124,157126,157129],{},[197,157125,75606],{},[197,157127,157128],{},"The result is a new tuple",[197,157130,157131],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157133,214],{},[40,157135,157137],{"className":42,"code":157136,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157138,157139,157187,157191,157209,157213,157223],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157140,157141,157143,157145,157147,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157142,35994],{"class":55},[49,157144,60],{"class":59},[49,157146,9142],{"class":85},[49,157148,95],{"class":63},[49,157150,820],{"class":67},[49,157152,95],{"class":63},[49,157154,341],{"class":85},[49,157156,64],{"class":63},[49,157158,4667],{"class":67},[49,157160,95],{"class":63},[49,157162,341],{"class":85},[49,157164,64],{"class":63},[49,157166,9646],{"class":67},[49,157168,95],{"class":63},[49,157170,341],{"class":85},[49,157172,64],{"class":63},[49,157174,18678],{"class":67},[49,157176,95],{"class":63},[49,157178,341],{"class":85},[49,157180,64],{"class":63},[49,157182,60341],{"class":67},[49,157184,95],{"class":63},[49,157186,103],{"class":85},[49,157188,157189],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157190,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157192,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,157194,75536],{"class":55},[49,157196,60],{"class":59},[49,157198,69977],{"class":55},[49,157200,1256],{"class":85},[49,157202,1223],{"class":458},[49,157204,1197],{"class":85},[49,157206,2407],{"class":458},[49,157208,1244],{"class":85},[49,157210,157211],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,157212,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157214,157215,157217,157219,157221],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,157216,110],{"class":109},[49,157218,92],{"class":85},[49,157220,75559],{"class":88},[49,157222,103],{"class":85},[49,157224,157225,157227,157229,157231],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,157226,110],{"class":109},[49,157228,92],{"class":85},[49,157230,36047],{"class":88},[49,157232,103],{"class":85},[20,157234,1974],{},[40,157236,157238],{"className":42,"code":157237,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157239,157240,157268],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157241,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264,157266],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157243,92],{"class":85},[49,157245,1573],{"class":63},[49,157247,4667],{"class":67},[49,157249,1573],{"class":63},[49,157251,341],{"class":85},[49,157253,3202],{"class":63},[49,157255,9646],{"class":67},[49,157257,1573],{"class":63},[49,157259,341],{"class":85},[49,157261,3202],{"class":63},[49,157263,18678],{"class":67},[49,157265,1573],{"class":63},[49,157267,103],{"class":85},[49,157269,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157271,92],{"class":85},[49,157273,1573],{"class":63},[49,157275,820],{"class":67},[49,157277,1573],{"class":63},[49,157279,341],{"class":85},[49,157281,3202],{"class":63},[49,157283,4667],{"class":67},[49,157285,1573],{"class":63},[49,157287,341],{"class":85},[49,157289,3202],{"class":63},[49,157291,9646],{"class":67},[49,157293,1573],{"class":63},[49,157295,341],{"class":85},[49,157297,3202],{"class":63},[49,157299,18678],{"class":67},[49,157301,1573],{"class":63},[49,157303,341],{"class":85},[49,157305,3202],{"class":63},[49,157307,60341],{"class":67},[49,157309,1573],{"class":63},[49,157311,103],{"class":85},[20,157313,157314,157315,32],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[820,157316,147699],{"href":157317},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[181,157319,157321],{"id":157320},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157323,157324],{},"The full syntax is:",[40,157326,157328],{"className":42,"code":157327,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157329,157330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157331,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157333,147717],{"class":55},[49,157335,1256],{"class":85},[49,157337,368],{"class":55},[49,157339,1197],{"class":85},[49,157341,75305],{"class":55},[49,157343,1197],{"class":85},[49,157345,75308],{"class":55},[49,157347,1244],{"class":85},[20,157349,157350],{},"Each part has a job:",[194,157352,157353,157358,157363],{},[197,157354,157355,157357],{},[15,157356,368],{},": where slicing begins",[197,157359,157360,157362],{},[15,157361,75305],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[197,157364,157365,157367],{},[15,157366,75308],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157369,157370],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157372,214],{},[40,157374,157376],{"className":42,"code":157375,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157377,157378,157410,157414],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157379,157380,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157381,3525],{"class":55},[49,157383,60],{"class":59},[49,157385,9142],{"class":85},[49,157387,2233],{"class":458},[49,157389,341],{"class":85},[49,157391,7698],{"class":458},[49,157393,341],{"class":85},[49,157395,7703],{"class":458},[49,157397,341],{"class":85},[49,157399,50744],{"class":458},[49,157401,341],{"class":85},[49,157403,4988],{"class":458},[49,157405,341],{"class":85},[49,157407,75977],{"class":458},[49,157409,103],{"class":85},[49,157411,157412],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157413,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157415,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432,157434],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,157417,110],{"class":109},[49,157419,92],{"class":85},[49,157421,3556],{"class":88},[49,157423,1256],{"class":85},[49,157425,1223],{"class":458},[49,157427,1197],{"class":85},[49,157429,2040],{"class":458},[49,157431,1197],{"class":85},[49,157433,312],{"class":458},[49,157435,3794],{"class":85},[20,157437,1974],{},[40,157439,157441],{"className":42,"code":157440,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157442,157443],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157444,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157446,92],{"class":85},[49,157448,15665],{"class":458},[49,157450,341],{"class":85},[49,157452,50744],{"class":458},[49,157454,103],{"class":85},[20,157456,157457,157458,157460,157461,157463,157464,32],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157459,1223],{},", stops before index ",[15,157462,2040],{},", and moves by ",[15,157465,312],{},[20,157467,157468,157469,32],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[820,157470,149372],{"href":152798},[181,157472,75893],{"id":75892},[20,157474,157475],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[353,157477,157479,157480,5873],{"id":157478},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157481,75907],{},[40,157483,157485],{"className":42,"code":157484,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157486,157487,157515,157519],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157488,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157490,3525],{"class":55},[49,157492,60],{"class":59},[49,157494,9142],{"class":85},[49,157496,2233],{"class":458},[49,157498,341],{"class":85},[49,157500,7698],{"class":458},[49,157502,341],{"class":85},[49,157504,7703],{"class":458},[49,157506,341],{"class":85},[49,157508,50744],{"class":458},[49,157510,341],{"class":85},[49,157512,4988],{"class":458},[49,157514,103],{"class":85},[49,157516,157517],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157518,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157520,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,157522,110],{"class":109},[49,157524,92],{"class":85},[49,157526,3556],{"class":88},[49,157528,1238],{"class":85},[49,157530,1965],{"class":458},[49,157532,3794],{"class":85},[20,157534,1974],{},[40,157536,157537],{"className":42,"code":151064,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,157538,157539],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157540,157541,157543,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157542,92],{"class":85},[49,157544,2233],{"class":458},[49,157546,341],{"class":85},[49,157548,7698],{"class":458},[49,157550,341],{"class":85},[49,157552,7703],{"class":458},[49,157554,103],{"class":85},[353,157556,157558],{"id":157557},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[40,157560,157562],{"className":42,"code":157561,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157563,157564,157592,157596],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157565,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157567,3525],{"class":55},[49,157569,60],{"class":59},[49,157571,9142],{"class":85},[49,157573,2233],{"class":458},[49,157575,341],{"class":85},[49,157577,7698],{"class":458},[49,157579,341],{"class":85},[49,157581,7703],{"class":458},[49,157583,341],{"class":85},[49,157585,50744],{"class":458},[49,157587,341],{"class":85},[49,157589,4988],{"class":458},[49,157591,103],{"class":85},[49,157593,157594],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157595,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157597,157598,157600,157602,157604,157606,157608],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,157599,110],{"class":109},[49,157601,92],{"class":85},[49,157603,3556],{"class":88},[49,157605,1256],{"class":85},[49,157607,312],{"class":458},[49,157609,77593],{"class":85},[20,157611,1974],{},[40,157613,157615],{"className":42,"code":157614,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157616,157617],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157618,157619,157621,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157620,92],{"class":85},[49,157622,36746],{"class":458},[49,157624,341],{"class":85},[49,157626,50744],{"class":458},[49,157628,341],{"class":85},[49,157630,4988],{"class":458},[49,157632,103],{"class":85},[353,157634,157636],{"id":157635},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[40,157638,157640],{"className":42,"code":157639,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157641,157642,157670,157674],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157643,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157645,3525],{"class":55},[49,157647,60],{"class":59},[49,157649,9142],{"class":85},[49,157651,2233],{"class":458},[49,157653,341],{"class":85},[49,157655,7698],{"class":458},[49,157657,341],{"class":85},[49,157659,7703],{"class":458},[49,157661,341],{"class":85},[49,157663,50744],{"class":458},[49,157665,341],{"class":85},[49,157667,4988],{"class":458},[49,157669,103],{"class":85},[49,157671,157672],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157673,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157675,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,157677,110],{"class":109},[49,157679,92],{"class":85},[49,157681,3556],{"class":88},[49,157683,1256],{"class":85},[49,157685,1223],{"class":458},[49,157687,1197],{"class":85},[49,157689,2407],{"class":458},[49,157691,3794],{"class":85},[20,157693,1974],{},[40,157695,157697],{"className":42,"code":157696,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157698,157699],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157700,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157702,92],{"class":85},[49,157704,15665],{"class":458},[49,157706,341],{"class":85},[49,157708,7703],{"class":458},[49,157710,341],{"class":85},[49,157712,50744],{"class":458},[49,157714,103],{"class":85},[353,157716,157718],{"id":157717},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[40,157720,157722],{"className":42,"code":157721,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157723,157724,157756,157760],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157725,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750,157752,157754],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157727,3525],{"class":55},[49,157729,60],{"class":59},[49,157731,9142],{"class":85},[49,157733,2233],{"class":458},[49,157735,341],{"class":85},[49,157737,7698],{"class":458},[49,157739,341],{"class":85},[49,157741,7703],{"class":458},[49,157743,341],{"class":85},[49,157745,50744],{"class":458},[49,157747,341],{"class":85},[49,157749,4988],{"class":458},[49,157751,341],{"class":85},[49,157753,75977],{"class":458},[49,157755,103],{"class":85},[49,157757,157758],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157759,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157761,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770,157772],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,157763,110],{"class":109},[49,157765,92],{"class":85},[49,157767,3556],{"class":88},[49,157769,74001],{"class":85},[49,157771,312],{"class":458},[49,157773,3794],{"class":85},[20,157775,1974],{},[40,157777,157779],{"className":42,"code":157778,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157780,157781],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157782,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157784,92],{"class":85},[49,157786,2233],{"class":458},[49,157788,341],{"class":85},[49,157790,7703],{"class":458},[49,157792,341],{"class":85},[49,157794,4988],{"class":458},[49,157796,103],{"class":85},[353,157798,157800],{"id":157799},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[40,157802,157804],{"className":42,"code":157803,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157805,157806,157834,157838],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157807,157808,157810,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828,157830,157832],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157809,3525],{"class":55},[49,157811,60],{"class":59},[49,157813,9142],{"class":85},[49,157815,2233],{"class":458},[49,157817,341],{"class":85},[49,157819,7698],{"class":458},[49,157821,341],{"class":85},[49,157823,7703],{"class":458},[49,157825,341],{"class":85},[49,157827,50744],{"class":458},[49,157829,341],{"class":85},[49,157831,4988],{"class":458},[49,157833,103],{"class":85},[49,157835,157836],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157837,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157839,157840,157842,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,157841,110],{"class":109},[49,157843,92],{"class":85},[49,157845,3556],{"class":88},[49,157847,74001],{"class":85},[49,157849,1926],{"class":59},[49,157851,1223],{"class":458},[49,157853,3794],{"class":85},[20,157855,1974],{},[40,157857,157859],{"className":42,"code":157858,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157860,157861],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157862,157863,157865,157867,157869,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157864,92],{"class":85},[49,157866,76671],{"class":458},[49,157868,341],{"class":85},[49,157870,50744],{"class":458},[49,157872,341],{"class":85},[49,157874,7703],{"class":458},[49,157876,341],{"class":85},[49,157878,7698],{"class":458},[49,157880,341],{"class":85},[49,157882,5911],{"class":458},[49,157884,103],{"class":85},[181,157886,76187],{"id":76186},[20,157888,154071],{},[20,157890,157891],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[353,157893,157895],{"id":157894},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[40,157897,157899],{"className":42,"code":157898,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157900,157901,157933,157937],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157902,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157904,3525],{"class":55},[49,157906,60],{"class":59},[49,157908,9142],{"class":85},[49,157910,2233],{"class":458},[49,157912,341],{"class":85},[49,157914,7698],{"class":458},[49,157916,341],{"class":85},[49,157918,7703],{"class":458},[49,157920,341],{"class":85},[49,157922,50744],{"class":458},[49,157924,341],{"class":85},[49,157926,4988],{"class":458},[49,157928,341],{"class":85},[49,157930,75977],{"class":458},[49,157932,103],{"class":85},[49,157934,157935],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,157936,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,157938,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,157940,110],{"class":109},[49,157942,92],{"class":85},[49,157944,3556],{"class":88},[49,157946,1256],{"class":85},[49,157948,1926],{"class":59},[49,157950,1965],{"class":458},[49,157952,77593],{"class":85},[20,157954,1974],{},[40,157956,157958],{"className":42,"code":157957,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157959,157960],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157961,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157963,92],{"class":85},[49,157965,56590],{"class":458},[49,157967,341],{"class":85},[49,157969,4988],{"class":458},[49,157971,341],{"class":85},[49,157973,75977],{"class":458},[49,157975,103],{"class":85},[353,157977,157979],{"id":157978},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[40,157981,157983],{"className":42,"code":157982,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157984,157985,158013,158017],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,157986,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005,158007,158009,158011],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,157988,3525],{"class":55},[49,157990,60],{"class":59},[49,157992,9142],{"class":85},[49,157994,2233],{"class":458},[49,157996,341],{"class":85},[49,157998,7698],{"class":458},[49,158000,341],{"class":85},[49,158002,7703],{"class":458},[49,158004,341],{"class":85},[49,158006,50744],{"class":458},[49,158008,341],{"class":85},[49,158010,4988],{"class":458},[49,158012,103],{"class":85},[49,158014,158015],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158016,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158018,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158020,110],{"class":109},[49,158022,92],{"class":85},[49,158024,3556],{"class":88},[49,158026,1238],{"class":85},[49,158028,1926],{"class":59},[49,158030,1223],{"class":458},[49,158032,3794],{"class":85},[20,158034,1974],{},[40,158036,158038],{"className":42,"code":158037,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158039,158040],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158041,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054,158056,158058],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158043,92],{"class":85},[49,158045,2233],{"class":458},[49,158047,341],{"class":85},[49,158049,7698],{"class":458},[49,158051,341],{"class":85},[49,158053,7703],{"class":458},[49,158055,341],{"class":85},[49,158057,50744],{"class":458},[49,158059,103],{"class":85},[20,158061,158062,158063,32],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[820,158064,150621],{"href":156955},[181,158066,158068],{"id":158067},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158070,661,158071,158073],{},[15,158072,75308],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[194,158075,158076,158078,158080,158086],{},[197,158077,76443],{},[197,158079,76446],{},[197,158081,158082,158085],{},[15,158083,158084],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[197,158087,158088,158089,158091],{},"A step of ",[15,158090,516],{}," is not allowed",[20,158093,158094],{},"Example with a positive step:",[40,158096,158098],{"className":42,"code":158097,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158099,158100,158132,158136],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158101,158102,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158103,3525],{"class":55},[49,158105,60],{"class":59},[49,158107,9142],{"class":85},[49,158109,2233],{"class":458},[49,158111,341],{"class":85},[49,158113,7698],{"class":458},[49,158115,341],{"class":85},[49,158117,7703],{"class":458},[49,158119,341],{"class":85},[49,158121,50744],{"class":458},[49,158123,341],{"class":85},[49,158125,4988],{"class":458},[49,158127,341],{"class":85},[49,158129,75977],{"class":458},[49,158131,103],{"class":85},[49,158133,158134],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158135,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158137,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158139,110],{"class":109},[49,158141,92],{"class":85},[49,158143,3556],{"class":88},[49,158145,1256],{"class":85},[49,158147,1223],{"class":458},[49,158149,1197],{"class":85},[49,158151,80470],{"class":458},[49,158153,1197],{"class":85},[49,158155,312],{"class":458},[49,158157,3794],{"class":85},[20,158159,1974],{},[40,158161,158163],{"className":42,"code":158162,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158164,158165],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158166,158167,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158168,92],{"class":85},[49,158170,15665],{"class":458},[49,158172,341],{"class":85},[49,158174,50744],{"class":458},[49,158176,341],{"class":85},[49,158178,75977],{"class":458},[49,158180,103],{"class":85},[20,158182,158183],{},"Example with a negative step:",[40,158185,158187],{"className":42,"code":158186,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158188,158189,158217,158221],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158190,158191,158193,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158192,3525],{"class":55},[49,158194,60],{"class":59},[49,158196,9142],{"class":85},[49,158198,2233],{"class":458},[49,158200,341],{"class":85},[49,158202,7698],{"class":458},[49,158204,341],{"class":85},[49,158206,7703],{"class":458},[49,158208,341],{"class":85},[49,158210,50744],{"class":458},[49,158212,341],{"class":85},[49,158214,4988],{"class":458},[49,158216,103],{"class":85},[49,158218,158219],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158220,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158222,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237,158239,158241,158243],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158224,110],{"class":109},[49,158226,92],{"class":85},[49,158228,3556],{"class":88},[49,158230,1256],{"class":85},[49,158232,2407],{"class":458},[49,158234,1197],{"class":85},[49,158236,1223],{"class":458},[49,158238,1197],{"class":85},[49,158240,1926],{"class":59},[49,158242,1223],{"class":458},[49,158244,3794],{"class":85},[20,158246,1974],{},[40,158248,158250],{"className":42,"code":158249,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158251,158252],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158253,158254,158256,158258,158260,158262,158264,158266],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158255,92],{"class":85},[49,158257,76671],{"class":458},[49,158259,341],{"class":85},[49,158261,50744],{"class":458},[49,158263,341],{"class":85},[49,158265,7703],{"class":458},[49,158267,103],{"class":85},[20,158269,158270],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[40,158272,158274],{"className":42,"code":158273,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158275,158276,158296,158300],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158277,158278,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290,158292,158294],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158279,3525],{"class":55},[49,158281,60],{"class":59},[49,158283,9142],{"class":85},[49,158285,2233],{"class":458},[49,158287,341],{"class":85},[49,158289,7698],{"class":458},[49,158291,341],{"class":85},[49,158293,7703],{"class":458},[49,158295,103],{"class":85},[49,158297,158298],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158299,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158301,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158303,110],{"class":109},[49,158305,92],{"class":85},[49,158307,3556],{"class":88},[49,158309,74001],{"class":85},[49,158311,516],{"class":458},[49,158313,3794],{"class":85},[20,158315,158316],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[181,158318,158320],{"id":158319},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158322,158323,158324,33649],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[666,158325,48853],{},[353,158327,158329],{"id":158328},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[40,158331,158333],{"className":42,"code":158332,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158334,158335,158359,158363,158381,158385,158395],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158336,158337,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355,158357],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158338,3525],{"class":55},[49,158340,60],{"class":59},[49,158342,9142],{"class":85},[49,158344,2233],{"class":458},[49,158346,341],{"class":85},[49,158348,7698],{"class":458},[49,158350,341],{"class":85},[49,158352,7703],{"class":458},[49,158354,341],{"class":85},[49,158356,50744],{"class":458},[49,158358,103],{"class":85},[49,158360,158361],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158362,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158364,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373,158375,158377,158379],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158366,2131],{"class":55},[49,158368,60],{"class":59},[49,158370,4169],{"class":55},[49,158372,1256],{"class":85},[49,158374,1223],{"class":458},[49,158376,1197],{"class":85},[49,158378,1965],{"class":458},[49,158380,1244],{"class":85},[49,158382,158383],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,158384,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158386,158387,158389,158391,158393],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,158388,110],{"class":109},[49,158390,92],{"class":85},[49,158392,2166],{"class":88},[49,158394,103],{"class":85},[49,158396,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405,158407],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,158398,110],{"class":109},[49,158400,92],{"class":85},[49,158402,3127],{"class":2804},[49,158404,92],{"class":85},[49,158406,2166],{"class":88},[49,158408,1581],{"class":85},[20,158410,1974],{},[40,158412,158414],{"className":42,"code":158413,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158415,158416,158428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158417,158418,158420,158422,158424,158426],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158419,92],{"class":85},[49,158421,15665],{"class":458},[49,158423,341],{"class":85},[49,158425,7703],{"class":458},[49,158427,103],{"class":85},[49,158429,158430,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158431,3196],{"class":59},[49,158433,3199],{"class":1968},[49,158435,3202],{"class":63},[49,158437,48853],{"class":67},[49,158439,1573],{"class":63},[49,158441,3209],{"class":59},[353,158443,158445],{"id":158444},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[40,158447,158449],{"className":42,"code":158448,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158450,158451,158471,158475,158493,158497,158507],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158452,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467,158469],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158454,3525],{"class":55},[49,158456,60],{"class":59},[49,158458,9142],{"class":85},[49,158460,2233],{"class":458},[49,158462,341],{"class":85},[49,158464,7698],{"class":458},[49,158466,341],{"class":85},[49,158468,7703],{"class":458},[49,158470,103],{"class":85},[49,158472,158473],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158474,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158476,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158478,2131],{"class":55},[49,158480,60],{"class":59},[49,158482,4169],{"class":55},[49,158484,1256],{"class":85},[49,158486,1223],{"class":458},[49,158488,1197],{"class":85},[49,158490,312],{"class":458},[49,158492,1244],{"class":85},[49,158494,158495],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,158496,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158498,158499,158501,158503,158505],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,158500,110],{"class":109},[49,158502,92],{"class":85},[49,158504,2166],{"class":88},[49,158506,103],{"class":85},[49,158508,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,158510,110],{"class":109},[49,158512,92],{"class":85},[49,158514,3127],{"class":2804},[49,158516,92],{"class":85},[49,158518,2166],{"class":88},[49,158520,1581],{"class":85},[20,158522,1974],{},[40,158524,158526],{"className":42,"code":158525,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158527,158528,158536],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158529,158530,158532,158534],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158531,92],{"class":85},[49,158533,15665],{"class":458},[49,158535,149055],{"class":85},[49,158537,158538,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158539,3196],{"class":59},[49,158541,3199],{"class":1968},[49,158543,3202],{"class":63},[49,158545,48853],{"class":67},[49,158547,1573],{"class":63},[49,158549,3209],{"class":59},[353,158551,158553],{"id":158552},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[40,158555,158557],{"className":42,"code":158556,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158558,158559,158579,158583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158560,158561,158563,158565,158567,158569,158571,158573,158575,158577],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158562,3525],{"class":55},[49,158564,60],{"class":59},[49,158566,9142],{"class":85},[49,158568,2233],{"class":458},[49,158570,341],{"class":85},[49,158572,7698],{"class":458},[49,158574,341],{"class":85},[49,158576,7703],{"class":458},[49,158578,103],{"class":85},[49,158580,158581],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158582,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158584,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158586,110],{"class":109},[49,158588,92],{"class":85},[49,158590,3556],{"class":88},[49,158592,1256],{"class":85},[49,158594,2040],{"class":458},[49,158596,1197],{"class":85},[49,158598,2248],{"class":458},[49,158600,3794],{"class":85},[20,158602,1974],{},[40,158604,158605],{"className":42,"code":8548,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158606,158607],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158608,158609],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158610,8548],{"class":85},[20,158612,158613,158614,32],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[820,158615,155791],{"href":150678},[181,158617,158619],{"id":158618},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158621,158622],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[194,158624,158625,158627,158630,158635],{},[197,158626,76752],{},[197,158628,158629],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[197,158631,158632,158633],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158634,70612],{},[197,158636,158637],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158639,214],{},[40,158641,158643],{"className":42,"code":158642,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158644,158645,158665,158669,158686,158707],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158646,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158648,3525],{"class":55},[49,158650,60],{"class":59},[49,158652,9142],{"class":85},[49,158654,2233],{"class":458},[49,158656,341],{"class":85},[49,158658,7698],{"class":458},[49,158660,341],{"class":85},[49,158662,7703],{"class":458},[49,158664,103],{"class":85},[49,158666,158667],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158668,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158670,158671,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158672,110],{"class":109},[49,158674,92],{"class":85},[49,158676,3556],{"class":88},[49,158678,1256],{"class":85},[49,158680,1223],{"class":458},[49,158682,20357],{"class":85},[49,158684,158685],{"class":121},"    # one item\n",[49,158687,158688,158690,158692,158694,158696,158698,158700,158702,158704],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,158689,110],{"class":109},[49,158691,92],{"class":85},[49,158693,3556],{"class":88},[49,158695,1256],{"class":85},[49,158697,1223],{"class":458},[49,158699,1197],{"class":85},[49,158701,2040],{"class":458},[49,158703,20357],{"class":85},[49,158705,158706],{"class":121},"  # slice\n",[49,158708,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,158710,110],{"class":109},[49,158712,92],{"class":85},[49,158714,3556],{"class":88},[49,158716,1256],{"class":85},[49,158718,2040],{"class":458},[49,158720,1197],{"class":85},[49,158722,2248],{"class":458},[49,158724,20357],{"class":85},[49,158726,158727],{"class":121},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158729,1974],{},[40,158731,158733],{"className":42,"code":158732,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158734,158735,158739,158751],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158736,158737],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158738,71105],{"class":458},[49,158740,158741,158743,158745,158747,158749],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158742,92],{"class":85},[49,158744,15665],{"class":458},[49,158746,341],{"class":85},[49,158748,7703],{"class":458},[49,158750,103],{"class":85},[49,158752,158753],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158754,8548],{"class":85},[20,158756,158757],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[40,158759,158761],{"className":42,"code":158760,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158762,158763,158783,158787],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158764,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158766,3525],{"class":55},[49,158768,60],{"class":59},[49,158770,9142],{"class":85},[49,158772,2233],{"class":458},[49,158774,341],{"class":85},[49,158776,7698],{"class":458},[49,158778,341],{"class":85},[49,158780,7703],{"class":458},[49,158782,103],{"class":85},[49,158784,158785],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158786,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158788,158789,158791,158793,158795,158797,158799],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158790,110],{"class":109},[49,158792,92],{"class":85},[49,158794,3556],{"class":88},[49,158796,1256],{"class":85},[49,158798,2040],{"class":458},[49,158800,3794],{"class":85},[20,158802,158803,158804,158806,158807,32],{},"This raises an ",[15,158805,70612],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[820,158808,154544],{"href":158809},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[181,158811,15087],{"id":77019},[20,158813,158814],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[194,158816,158817,158820,158822,158825],{},[197,158818,158819],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[197,158821,60583],{},[197,158823,158824],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[197,158826,158827,158828],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158829,516],{},[20,158831,158832],{},"Here are a few examples.",[353,158834,158836],{"id":158835},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[40,158838,158839],{"className":42,"code":157639,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158840,158841,158869,158873],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158842,158843,158845,158847,158849,158851,158853,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158844,3525],{"class":55},[49,158846,60],{"class":59},[49,158848,9142],{"class":85},[49,158850,2233],{"class":458},[49,158852,341],{"class":85},[49,158854,7698],{"class":458},[49,158856,341],{"class":85},[49,158858,7703],{"class":458},[49,158860,341],{"class":85},[49,158862,50744],{"class":458},[49,158864,341],{"class":85},[49,158866,4988],{"class":458},[49,158868,103],{"class":85},[49,158870,158871],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158872,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158874,158875,158877,158879,158881,158883,158885,158887,158889],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158876,110],{"class":109},[49,158878,92],{"class":85},[49,158880,3556],{"class":88},[49,158882,1256],{"class":85},[49,158884,1223],{"class":458},[49,158886,1197],{"class":85},[49,158888,2407],{"class":458},[49,158890,3794],{"class":85},[20,158892,1974],{},[40,158894,158895],{"className":42,"code":157696,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158896,158897],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158898,158899,158901,158903,158905,158907,158909,158911],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158900,92],{"class":85},[49,158902,15665],{"class":458},[49,158904,341],{"class":85},[49,158906,7703],{"class":458},[49,158908,341],{"class":85},[49,158910,50744],{"class":458},[49,158912,103],{"class":85},[20,158914,132123,158915,158917],{},[15,158916,2407],{}," is not included.",[353,158919,158921],{"id":158920},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158923,4432],{},[40,158925,158927],{"className":42,"code":158926,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158928,158929,158953,158957],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158930,158931,158933,158935,158937,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158932,3525],{"class":55},[49,158934,60],{"class":59},[49,158936,9142],{"class":85},[49,158938,2233],{"class":458},[49,158940,341],{"class":85},[49,158942,7698],{"class":458},[49,158944,341],{"class":85},[49,158946,7703],{"class":458},[49,158948,341],{"class":85},[49,158950,50744],{"class":458},[49,158952,103],{"class":85},[49,158954,158955],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158956,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158958,158959],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,158960,158961],{"class":121},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158963,158964],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[40,158966,158967],{"className":42,"code":154624,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,158968,158969,158993,158997],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,158970,158971,158973,158975,158977,158979,158981,158983,158985,158987,158989,158991],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,158972,3525],{"class":55},[49,158974,60],{"class":59},[49,158976,9142],{"class":85},[49,158978,2233],{"class":458},[49,158980,341],{"class":85},[49,158982,7698],{"class":458},[49,158984,341],{"class":85},[49,158986,7703],{"class":458},[49,158988,341],{"class":85},[49,158990,50744],{"class":458},[49,158992,103],{"class":85},[49,158994,158995],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,158996,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,158998,158999,159001,159003,159005,159007,159009,159011,159013],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,159000,110],{"class":109},[49,159002,92],{"class":85},[49,159004,3556],{"class":88},[49,159006,1256],{"class":85},[49,159008,1223],{"class":458},[49,159010,1197],{"class":85},[49,159012,1965],{"class":458},[49,159014,3794],{"class":85},[353,159016,159018],{"id":159017},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[40,159020,159022],{"className":42,"code":159021,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159023,159024,159048,159052,159067,159071,159082],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159025,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034,159036,159038,159040,159042,159044,159046],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159027,3525],{"class":55},[49,159029,60],{"class":59},[49,159031,9142],{"class":85},[49,159033,2233],{"class":458},[49,159035,341],{"class":85},[49,159037,7698],{"class":458},[49,159039,341],{"class":85},[49,159041,7703],{"class":458},[49,159043,341],{"class":85},[49,159045,50744],{"class":458},[49,159047,103],{"class":85},[49,159049,159050],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,159051,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,159053,159054,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,159055,159056],{"class":55},"slice_result ",[49,159058,60],{"class":59},[49,159060,4169],{"class":55},[49,159062,1238],{"class":85},[49,159064,312],{"class":458},[49,159066,1244],{"class":85},[49,159068,159069],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,159070,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,159072,159073,159075,159077,159080],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,159074,110],{"class":109},[49,159076,92],{"class":85},[49,159078,159079],{"class":88},"slice_result",[49,159081,103],{"class":85},[49,159083,159084,159086,159088,159090],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,159085,110],{"class":109},[49,159087,92],{"class":85},[49,159089,3556],{"class":88},[49,159091,103],{"class":85},[20,159093,1974],{},[40,159095,159097],{"className":42,"code":159096,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159098,159099,159111],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159100,159101,159103,159105,159107,159109],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159102,92],{"class":85},[49,159104,2233],{"class":458},[49,159106,341],{"class":85},[49,159108,7698],{"class":458},[49,159110,103],{"class":85},[49,159112,159113,159115,159117,159119,159121,159123,159125,159127,159129],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,159114,92],{"class":85},[49,159116,2233],{"class":458},[49,159118,341],{"class":85},[49,159120,7698],{"class":458},[49,159122,341],{"class":85},[49,159124,7703],{"class":458},[49,159126,341],{"class":85},[49,159128,50744],{"class":458},[49,159130,103],{"class":85},[20,159132,159133],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[181,159135,113600],{"id":113599},[20,159137,159138],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[194,159140,159141,159144,159147,159153,159156],{},[197,159142,159143],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[197,159145,159146],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[197,159148,159149,159150],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159151,159152],{},"tuple[::0]",[197,159154,159155],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[197,159157,159158],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159160,159161],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[40,159163,159165],{"className":42,"code":159164,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159166,159167,159177,159195,159217],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159168,159169,159171,159173,159175],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159170,110],{"class":109},[49,159172,92],{"class":85},[49,159174,147717],{"class":88},[49,159176,103],{"class":85},[49,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,159180,110],{"class":109},[49,159182,92],{"class":85},[49,159184,147717],{"class":88},[49,159186,1256],{"class":85},[49,159188,1223],{"class":458},[49,159190,1197],{"class":85},[49,159192,2407],{"class":458},[49,159194,3794],{"class":85},[49,159196,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,159198,110],{"class":109},[49,159200,92],{"class":85},[49,159202,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159204,92],{"class":85},[49,159206,147717],{"class":88},[49,159208,1256],{"class":85},[49,159210,1223],{"class":458},[49,159212,1197],{"class":85},[49,159214,2407],{"class":458},[49,159216,2903],{"class":85},[49,159218,159219,159221,159223,159225,159227,159229],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,159220,110],{"class":109},[49,159222,92],{"class":85},[49,159224,1631],{"class":109},[49,159226,92],{"class":85},[49,159228,147717],{"class":88},[49,159230,1581],{"class":85},[20,159232,11077],{},[194,159234,159235,159237,159240,159243],{},[197,159236,154931],{},[197,159238,159239],{},"what the slice actually returns",[197,159241,159242],{},"that the result is a tuple",[197,159244,159245],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[181,159247,1704],{"id":1703},[353,159249,159251],{"id":159250},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159253,159254],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[353,159256,159258],{"id":159257},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159260,159261],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[353,159263,5050,159265,39863],{"id":159264},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159266,158084],{},[20,159268,159269],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[353,159271,159273,159274,2394],{"id":159272},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159275,70612],{},[20,159277,159278,159279,32],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159280,70612],{},[181,159282,1775],{"id":1774},[194,159284,159285,159289,159293,159297,159301],{},[197,159286,159287],{},[820,159288,155791],{"href":150678},[197,159290,159291],{},[820,159292,149372],{"href":152798},[197,159294,159295],{},[820,159296,150621],{"href":156955},[197,159298,159299],{},[820,159300,147699],{"href":157317},[197,159302,159303],{},[820,159304,154544],{"href":158809},[1834,159306,159307],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":159309},[159310,159311,159312,159313,159321,159325,159326,159331,159332,159337,159338,159346],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":157117,"depth":74,"text":157118},{"id":157320,"depth":74,"text":157321},{"id":75892,"depth":74,"text":75893,"children":159314},[159315,159317,159318,159319,159320],{"id":157478,"depth":106,"text":159316},"Get the first n items",{"id":157557,"depth":106,"text":157558},{"id":157635,"depth":106,"text":157636},{"id":157717,"depth":106,"text":157718},{"id":157799,"depth":106,"text":157800},{"id":76186,"depth":74,"text":76187,"children":159322},[159323,159324],{"id":157894,"depth":106,"text":157895},{"id":157978,"depth":106,"text":157979},{"id":158067,"depth":74,"text":158068},{"id":158319,"depth":74,"text":158320,"children":159327},[159328,159329,159330],{"id":158328,"depth":106,"text":158329},{"id":158444,"depth":106,"text":158445},{"id":158552,"depth":106,"text":158553},{"id":158618,"depth":74,"text":158619},{"id":77019,"depth":74,"text":15087,"children":159333},[159334,159335,159336],{"id":158835,"depth":106,"text":158836},{"id":158920,"depth":106,"text":158921},{"id":159017,"depth":106,"text":159018},{"id":113599,"depth":74,"text":113600},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":159339},[159340,159341,159342,159344],{"id":159250,"depth":106,"text":159251},{"id":159257,"depth":106,"text":159258},{"id":159264,"depth":106,"text":159343},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159272,"depth":106,"text":159345},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156961,"description":159347},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159354,"title":159355,"body":159356,"description":161179,"extension":1866,"meta":161180,"navigation":128,"path":34715,"seo":161181,"stem":161182,"__hash__":161183},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159357,"toc":161145},[159358,159363,159368,159372,159390,159393,159408,159414,159416,159473,159475,159507,159519,159525,159530,159533,159568,159574,159576,159579,159593,159596,159598,159621,159623,159641,159644,159660,159662,159665,159778,159780,159869,159872,159877,159883,159886,159889,159988,159990,160049,160054,160057,160126,160130,160162,160178,160183,160190,160197,160209,160211,160260,160262,160285,160291,160339,160344,160351,160359,160365,160368,160392,160395,160397,160473,160475,160500,160506,160509,160514,160518,160532,160534,160597,160599,160631,160634,160650,160652,160658,160665,160667,160686,160688,160706,160713,160718,160725,160727,160764,160767,160774,160778,160781,160839,160842,160845,160900,160902,160914,160920,160922,160926,160959,160966,160968,161031,161034,161036,161041,161055,161062,161070,161079,161088,161094,161100,161102,161142],[10,159359,3482,159361,3486],{"id":159360},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159362,2204],{},[20,159364,32224,159365,159367],{},[15,159366,2204],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159369,62657,159370,104444],{},[15,159371,2204],{},[194,159373,159374,159377,159380,159383],{},[197,159375,159376],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[197,159378,159379],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[197,159381,159382],{},"debug confusing code",[197,159384,159385,159386],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[820,159387,159388],{"href":8128},[15,159389,2861],{},[20,159391,159392],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[40,159394,159396],{"className":42,"code":159395,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"type(object)\n",[15,159397,159398],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159399,159400,159402,159404,159406],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159401,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159403,92],{"class":85},[49,159405,42299],{"class":2804},[49,159407,103],{"class":85},[20,159409,159410,159411,159413],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159412,2204],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[181,159415,3515],{"id":3514},[40,159417,159419],{"className":42,"code":159418,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159420,159421,159433,159447,159451,159459],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159422,159423,159425,159427,159429,159431],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159424,7785],{"class":55},[49,159426,60],{"class":59},[49,159428,64],{"class":63},[49,159430,4911],{"class":67},[49,159432,71],{"class":63},[49,159434,159435,159437,159439,159441,159443,159445],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,159436,110],{"class":109},[49,159438,92],{"class":85},[49,159440,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159442,92],{"class":85},[49,159444,7575],{"class":88},[49,159446,1581],{"class":85},[49,159448,159449],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,159450,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,159452,159453,159455,159457],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,159454,2119],{"class":55},[49,159456,60],{"class":59},[49,159458,2490],{"class":458},[49,159460,159461,159463,159465,159467,159469,159471],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,159462,110],{"class":109},[49,159464,92],{"class":85},[49,159466,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159468,92],{"class":85},[49,159470,2141],{"class":88},[49,159472,1581],{"class":85},[20,159474,1974],{},[40,159476,159477],{"className":42,"code":124932,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159478,159479,159493],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159480,159481,159483,159485,159487,159489,159491],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159482,3196],{"class":59},[49,159484,3199],{"class":1968},[49,159486,3202],{"class":63},[49,159488,3349],{"class":67},[49,159490,1573],{"class":63},[49,159492,3209],{"class":59},[49,159494,159495,159497,159499,159501,159503,159505],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,159496,3196],{"class":59},[49,159498,3199],{"class":1968},[49,159500,3202],{"class":63},[49,159502,2090],{"class":67},[49,159504,1573],{"class":63},[49,159506,3209],{"class":59},[20,159508,35,159509,159512,159513,380,159516,32],{},[15,159510,159511],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159514,159515],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159517,159518],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[181,159520,12904,159522,159524],{"id":159521},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159523,2204],{}," function does",[20,159526,159527,159529],{},[15,159528,2204],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159531,159532],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[194,159534,159535,159540,159545,159550,159555,159560],{},[197,159536,159537,159539],{},[15,159538,3349],{}," for text",[197,159541,159542,159544],{},[15,159543,2090],{}," for whole numbers",[197,159546,159547,159549],{},[15,159548,2094],{}," for decimal numbers",[197,159551,159552,159554],{},[15,159553,8002],{}," for lists",[197,159556,159557,159559],{},[15,159558,8726],{}," for dictionaries",[197,159561,159562,68977,159564,380,159566],{},[15,159563,3773],{},[15,159565,633],{},[15,159567,637],{},[20,159569,159570,159571,159573],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159572,2204],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[181,159575,316],{"id":315},[20,159577,159578],{},"The main beginner form is:",[40,159580,159581],{"className":42,"code":159395,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159582,159583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159584,159585,159587,159589,159591],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159586,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159588,92],{"class":85},[49,159590,42299],{"class":2804},[49,159592,103],{"class":85},[20,159594,159595],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159597,214],{},[40,159599,159601],{"className":42,"code":159600,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159602,159603],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159604,159605,159607,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159606,110],{"class":109},[49,159608,92],{"class":85},[49,159610,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159612,92],{"class":85},[49,159614,95],{"class":63},[49,159616,917],{"class":67},[49,159618,95],{"class":63},[49,159620,1581],{"class":85},[20,159622,1974],{},[40,159624,159625],{"className":42,"code":45669,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,159626,159627],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159628,159629,159631,159633,159635,159637,159639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159630,3196],{"class":59},[49,159632,3199],{"class":1968},[49,159634,3202],{"class":63},[49,159636,3349],{"class":67},[49,159638,1573],{"class":63},[49,159640,3209],{"class":59},[20,159642,159643],{},"You can pass either:",[194,159645,159646,159653],{},[197,159647,159648,159649,634,159651],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159650,849],{},[15,159652,46425],{},[197,159654,159655,159656,634,159658],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159657,7575],{},[15,159659,9205],{},[181,159661,121759],{"id":121758},[20,159663,159664],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[40,159666,159668],{"className":42,"code":159667,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159669,159670,159688,159702,159716,159738,159764],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159671,159672,159674,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684,159686],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159673,110],{"class":109},[49,159675,92],{"class":85},[49,159677,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159679,92],{"class":85},[49,159681,95],{"class":63},[49,159683,917],{"class":67},[49,159685,95],{"class":63},[49,159687,1581],{"class":85},[49,159689,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698,159700],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,159691,110],{"class":109},[49,159693,92],{"class":85},[49,159695,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159697,92],{"class":85},[49,159699,2233],{"class":458},[49,159701,1581],{"class":85},[49,159703,159704,159706,159708,159710,159712,159714],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,159705,110],{"class":109},[49,159707,92],{"class":85},[49,159709,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159711,92],{"class":85},[49,159713,40046],{"class":458},[49,159715,1581],{"class":85},[49,159717,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728,159730,159732,159734,159736],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,159719,110],{"class":109},[49,159721,92],{"class":85},[49,159723,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159725,2889],{"class":85},[49,159727,1223],{"class":458},[49,159729,341],{"class":85},[49,159731,2896],{"class":458},[49,159733,341],{"class":85},[49,159735,2354],{"class":458},[49,159737,2903],{"class":85},[49,159739,159740,159742,159744,159746,159748,159750,159752,159754,159756,159758,159760,159762],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,159741,110],{"class":109},[49,159743,92],{"class":85},[49,159745,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159747,5436],{"class":85},[49,159749,95],{"class":63},[49,159751,7575],{"class":67},[49,159753,95],{"class":63},[49,159755,1197],{"class":85},[49,159757,64],{"class":63},[49,159759,4911],{"class":67},[49,159761,95],{"class":63},[49,159763,5445],{"class":85},[49,159765,159766,159768,159770,159772,159774,159776],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,159767,110],{"class":109},[49,159769,92],{"class":85},[49,159771,3127],{"class":2804},[49,159773,92],{"class":85},[49,159775,633],{"class":3757},[49,159777,1581],{"class":85},[20,159779,1974],{},[40,159781,159783],{"className":42,"code":159782,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159784,159785,159799,159813,159827,159841,159855],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159786,159787,159789,159791,159793,159795,159797],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159788,3196],{"class":59},[49,159790,3199],{"class":1968},[49,159792,3202],{"class":63},[49,159794,3349],{"class":67},[49,159796,1573],{"class":63},[49,159798,3209],{"class":59},[49,159800,159801,159803,159805,159807,159809,159811],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,159802,3196],{"class":59},[49,159804,3199],{"class":1968},[49,159806,3202],{"class":63},[49,159808,2090],{"class":67},[49,159810,1573],{"class":63},[49,159812,3209],{"class":59},[49,159814,159815,159817,159819,159821,159823,159825],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,159816,3196],{"class":59},[49,159818,3199],{"class":1968},[49,159820,3202],{"class":63},[49,159822,2094],{"class":67},[49,159824,1573],{"class":63},[49,159826,3209],{"class":59},[49,159828,159829,159831,159833,159835,159837,159839],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,159830,3196],{"class":59},[49,159832,3199],{"class":1968},[49,159834,3202],{"class":63},[49,159836,8002],{"class":67},[49,159838,1573],{"class":63},[49,159840,3209],{"class":59},[49,159842,159843,159845,159847,159849,159851,159853],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,159844,3196],{"class":59},[49,159846,3199],{"class":1968},[49,159848,3202],{"class":63},[49,159850,8726],{"class":67},[49,159852,1573],{"class":63},[49,159854,3209],{"class":59},[49,159856,159857,159859,159861,159863,159865,159867],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,159858,3196],{"class":59},[49,159860,3199],{"class":1968},[49,159862,3202],{"class":63},[49,159864,3773],{"class":67},[49,159866,1573],{"class":63},[49,159868,3209],{"class":59},[20,159870,159871],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159873,159874,159875,32],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[820,159876,44697],{"href":48878},[181,159878,644,159880,159882],{"id":159879},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159881,2204],{}," with variables",[20,159884,159885],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159887,159888],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[40,159890,159892],{"className":42,"code":159891,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159893,159894,159902,159920,159924,159936,159954,159958,159970],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159895,159896,159898,159900],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159897,2349],{"class":55},[49,159899,60],{"class":59},[49,159901,2490],{"class":458},[49,159903,159904,159906,159908,159910,159912,159914,159916,159918],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,159905,110],{"class":109},[49,159907,92],{"class":85},[49,159909,338],{"class":88},[49,159911,341],{"class":85},[49,159913,49290],{"class":2804},[49,159915,92],{"class":85},[49,159917,338],{"class":88},[49,159919,1581],{"class":85},[49,159921,159922],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,159923,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,159925,159926,159928,159930,159932,159934],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,159927,2349],{"class":55},[49,159929,60],{"class":59},[49,159931,64],{"class":63},[49,159933,45806],{"class":67},[49,159935,71],{"class":63},[49,159937,159938,159940,159942,159944,159946,159948,159950,159952],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,159939,110],{"class":109},[49,159941,92],{"class":85},[49,159943,338],{"class":88},[49,159945,341],{"class":85},[49,159947,49290],{"class":2804},[49,159949,92],{"class":85},[49,159951,338],{"class":88},[49,159953,1581],{"class":85},[49,159955,159956],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,159957,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,159959,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,159961,2349],{"class":55},[49,159963,60],{"class":59},[49,159965,3530],{"class":85},[49,159967,2233],{"class":458},[49,159969,1244],{"class":85},[49,159971,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982,159984,159986],{"class":51,"line":1286},[49,159973,110],{"class":109},[49,159975,92],{"class":85},[49,159977,338],{"class":88},[49,159979,341],{"class":85},[49,159981,49290],{"class":2804},[49,159983,92],{"class":85},[49,159985,338],{"class":88},[49,159987,1581],{"class":85},[20,159989,1974],{},[40,159991,159993],{"className":42,"code":159992,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159994,159995,160012,160029],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,159996,159997,159999,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,159998,2233],{"class":458},[49,160000,160001],{"class":59}," \u003C",[49,160003,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160005,3202],{"class":63},[49,160007,2090],{"class":67},[49,160009,1573],{"class":63},[49,160011,3209],{"class":59},[49,160013,160014,160017,160019,160021,160023,160025,160027],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160015,160016],{"class":55},"ten ",[49,160018,3196],{"class":59},[49,160020,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160022,3202],{"class":63},[49,160024,3349],{"class":67},[49,160026,1573],{"class":63},[49,160028,3209],{"class":59},[49,160030,160031,160033,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045,160047],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,160032,1256],{"class":85},[49,160034,2233],{"class":458},[49,160036,13182],{"class":85},[49,160038,160001],{"class":59},[49,160040,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160042,3202],{"class":63},[49,160044,8002],{"class":67},[49,160046,1573],{"class":63},[49,160048,3209],{"class":59},[20,160050,160051,160053],{},[15,160052,2204],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160055,160056],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[40,160058,160060],{"className":42,"code":160059,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160061,160062,160080,160094,160098,160112],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160063,160064,160066,160068,160070,160072,160074,160076,160078],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160065,3297],{"class":55},[49,160067,60],{"class":59},[49,160069,8151],{"class":109},[49,160071,92],{"class":85},[49,160073,95],{"class":63},[49,160075,41771],{"class":67},[49,160077,95],{"class":63},[49,160079,103],{"class":85},[49,160081,160082,160084,160086,160088,160090,160092],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160083,110],{"class":109},[49,160085,92],{"class":85},[49,160087,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160089,92],{"class":85},[49,160091,3323],{"class":88},[49,160093,1581],{"class":85},[49,160095,160096],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,160097,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,160099,160100,160102,160104,160106,160108,160110],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,160101,122870],{"class":55},[49,160103,60],{"class":59},[49,160105,45176],{"class":2804},[49,160107,92],{"class":85},[49,160109,3323],{"class":88},[49,160111,103],{"class":85},[49,160113,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160124],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,160115,110],{"class":109},[49,160117,92],{"class":85},[49,160119,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160121,92],{"class":85},[49,160123,122893],{"class":88},[49,160125,1581],{"class":85},[20,160127,41021,160128,41025],{},[15,160129,9099],{},[40,160131,160132],{"className":42,"code":124932,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160133,160134,160148],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160135,160136,160138,160140,160142,160144,160146],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160137,3196],{"class":59},[49,160139,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160141,3202],{"class":63},[49,160143,3349],{"class":67},[49,160145,1573],{"class":63},[49,160147,3209],{"class":59},[49,160149,160150,160152,160154,160156,160158,160160],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160151,3196],{"class":59},[49,160153,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160155,3202],{"class":63},[49,160157,2090],{"class":67},[49,160159,1573],{"class":63},[49,160161,3209],{"class":59},[20,160163,1448,160164,160168,160169,634,160173,160177],{},[820,160165,160166],{"href":8128},[15,160167,2861],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[820,160170,160171],{"href":2777},[15,160172,2780],{},[820,160174,160175],{"href":2783},[15,160176,2786],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160179,160180,160181,32],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[820,160182,8886],{"href":8885},[181,160184,160186,983,160188],{"id":160185},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160187,2204],{},[15,160189,44705],{},[20,160191,160192,380,160194,160196],{},[15,160193,2204],{},[15,160195,44705],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[194,160198,160199,160204],{},[197,160200,160201,160203],{},[15,160202,2204],{}," tells you the exact type",[197,160205,160206,160208],{},[15,160207,44705],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160210,214],{},[40,160212,160214],{"className":42,"code":160213,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160215,160216,160224,160228,160242],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160217,160218,160220,160222],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160219,2349],{"class":55},[49,160221,60],{"class":59},[49,160223,34749],{"class":458},[49,160225,160226],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160227,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,160229,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238,160240],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,160231,110],{"class":109},[49,160233,92],{"class":85},[49,160235,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160237,92],{"class":85},[49,160239,338],{"class":88},[49,160241,1581],{"class":85},[49,160243,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,160245,110],{"class":109},[49,160247,92],{"class":85},[49,160249,48775],{"class":109},[49,160251,92],{"class":85},[49,160253,338],{"class":88},[49,160255,341],{"class":85},[49,160257,45176],{"class":2804},[49,160259,1581],{"class":85},[20,160261,1974],{},[40,160263,160265],{"className":42,"code":160264,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160266,160267,160281],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160268,160269,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160270,3196],{"class":59},[49,160272,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160274,3202],{"class":63},[49,160276,2090],{"class":67},[49,160278,1573],{"class":63},[49,160280,3209],{"class":59},[49,160282,160283],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160284,3885],{"class":3757},[20,160286,160287,160288,160290],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160289,44705],{}," is more practical.",[40,160292,160294],{"className":42,"code":160293,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160295,160296,160304,160308,160324],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160297,160298,160300,160302],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160299,2349],{"class":55},[49,160301,60],{"class":59},[49,160303,34749],{"class":458},[49,160305,160306],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160307,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,160309,160310,160312,160314,160316,160318,160320,160322],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,160311,1211],{"class":1210},[49,160313,49513],{"class":109},[49,160315,92],{"class":85},[49,160317,338],{"class":88},[49,160319,341],{"class":85},[49,160321,45176],{"class":2804},[49,160323,1396],{"class":85},[49,160325,160326,160328,160330,160332,160335,160337],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,160327,1273],{"class":109},[49,160329,92],{"class":85},[49,160331,95],{"class":63},[49,160333,160334],{"class":67},"This is an integer",[49,160336,95],{"class":63},[49,160338,103],{"class":85},[20,160340,35,160341,160343],{},[15,160342,2204],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160345,35,160346,160348,160349,7078],{},[15,160347,44705],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160350,1211],{},[20,160352,160353,160354,32],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[820,160355,3482,160357,3415],{"href":160356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160358,44705],{},[181,160360,160362,160363],{"id":160361},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160364,2204],{},[20,160366,160367],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[40,160369,160371],{"className":42,"code":160370,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160372,160373],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160374,160375,160377,160379,160381,160383,160386,160388,160390],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160376,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160378,92],{"class":85},[49,160380,7575],{"class":88},[49,160382,341],{"class":85},[49,160384,160385],{"class":88}," bases",[49,160387,341],{"class":85},[49,160389,9076],{"class":2804},[49,160391,103],{"class":85},[20,160393,160394],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160396,214],{},[40,160398,160400],{"className":42,"code":160399,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160401,160402,160445,160449,160459],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160403,160404,160407,160409,160411,160413,160415,160418,160420,160422,160425,160427,160429,160432,160434,160436,160438,160441,160443],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160405,160406],{"class":55},"Person ",[49,160408,60],{"class":59},[49,160410,49290],{"class":2804},[49,160412,92],{"class":85},[49,160414,95],{"class":63},[49,160416,160417],{"class":67},"Person",[49,160419,95],{"class":63},[49,160421,341],{"class":85},[49,160423,160424],{"class":85}," (),",[49,160426,10398],{"class":85},[49,160428,95],{"class":63},[49,160430,160431],{"class":67},"species",[49,160433,95],{"class":63},[49,160435,1197],{"class":85},[49,160437,64],{"class":63},[49,160439,160440],{"class":67},"human",[49,160442,95],{"class":63},[49,160444,30402],{"class":85},[49,160446,160447],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160448,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,160450,160451,160453,160455,160457],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,160452,110],{"class":109},[49,160454,92],{"class":85},[49,160456,160417],{"class":88},[49,160458,103],{"class":85},[49,160460,160461,160463,160465,160467,160469,160471],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,160462,110],{"class":109},[49,160464,92],{"class":85},[49,160466,160417],{"class":88},[49,160468,32],{"class":85},[49,160470,160431],{"class":24660},[49,160472,103],{"class":85},[20,160474,1974],{},[40,160476,160478],{"className":42,"code":160477,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160479,160480,160495],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160481,160482,160484,160486,160488,160491,160493],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160483,3196],{"class":59},[49,160485,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160487,3202],{"class":63},[49,160489,160490],{"class":67},"__main__.Person",[49,160492,1573],{"class":63},[49,160494,3209],{"class":59},[49,160496,160497],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160498,160499],{"class":55},"human\n",[20,160501,160502,160503,160505],{},"Most beginners do ",[666,160504,4536],{}," need this form.",[20,160507,160508],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[181,160510,4868,160512],{"id":160511},"when-to-use-type",[15,160513,2204],{},[20,160515,160516,12352],{},[15,160517,2204],{},[194,160519,160520,160523,160526,160529],{},[197,160521,160522],{},"debug unexpected values",[197,160524,160525],{},"check what a conversion produced",[197,160527,160528],{},"learn Python data types",[197,160530,160531],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160533,5379],{},[40,160535,160537],{"className":42,"code":160536,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160538,160539,160551,160565,160569,160583],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160540,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160542,56],{"class":55},[49,160544,60],{"class":59},[49,160546,64],{"class":63},[49,160548,50146],{"class":67},[49,160550,71],{"class":63},[49,160552,160553,160555,160557,160559,160561,160563],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160554,2119],{"class":55},[49,160556,60],{"class":59},[49,160558,45176],{"class":2804},[49,160560,92],{"class":85},[49,160562,245],{"class":88},[49,160564,103],{"class":85},[49,160566,160567],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,160568,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,160570,160571,160573,160575,160577,160579,160581],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,160572,110],{"class":109},[49,160574,92],{"class":85},[49,160576,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160578,92],{"class":85},[49,160580,245],{"class":88},[49,160582,1581],{"class":85},[49,160584,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593,160595],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,160586,110],{"class":109},[49,160588,92],{"class":85},[49,160590,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160592,92],{"class":85},[49,160594,2141],{"class":88},[49,160596,1581],{"class":85},[20,160598,1974],{},[40,160600,160601],{"className":42,"code":124932,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160602,160603,160617],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160604,160605,160607,160609,160611,160613,160615],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160606,3196],{"class":59},[49,160608,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160610,3202],{"class":63},[49,160612,3349],{"class":67},[49,160614,1573],{"class":63},[49,160616,3209],{"class":59},[49,160618,160619,160621,160623,160625,160627,160629],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160620,3196],{"class":59},[49,160622,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160624,3202],{"class":63},[49,160626,2090],{"class":67},[49,160628,1573],{"class":63},[49,160630,3209],{"class":59},[20,160632,160633],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160635,160636,160637,2091,160641,1455,160645,160649],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[820,160638,160639],{"href":42075},[15,160640,47583],{},[820,160642,160643],{"href":2777},[15,160644,2780],{},[820,160646,160647],{"href":2783},[15,160648,2786],{}," are often the next step.",[181,160651,25268],{"id":25267},[20,160653,160654,160655,160657],{},"A few things about ",[15,160656,2204],{}," often confuse beginners.",[353,160659,160661,160664],{"id":160660},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160662,160663],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160666,64533],{},[40,160668,160670],{"className":42,"code":160669,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160671,160672],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160673,160674,160676,160678,160680,160682,160684],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160675,110],{"class":109},[49,160677,92],{"class":85},[49,160679,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160681,92],{"class":85},[49,160683,2040],{"class":458},[49,160685,1581],{"class":85},[20,160687,122789],{},[40,160689,160690],{"className":42,"code":156139,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160691,160692],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160693,160694,160696,160698,160700,160702,160704],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160695,3196],{"class":59},[49,160697,3199],{"class":1968},[49,160699,3202],{"class":63},[49,160701,2090],{"class":67},[49,160703,1573],{"class":63},[49,160705,3209],{"class":59},[20,160707,40808,160708,160710,160711,32],{},[666,160709,4536],{}," print just ",[15,160712,2090],{},[20,160714,6583,160715,160717],{},[15,160716,2204],{}," returns a class object.",[353,160719,160721,1000,160723],{"id":160720},"input-returns-str",[15,160722,2861],{},[15,160724,3349],{},[20,160726,79418],{},[40,160728,160730],{"className":42,"code":160729,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160731,160732,160750],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160733,160734,160736,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160735,2349],{"class":55},[49,160737,60],{"class":59},[49,160739,8151],{"class":109},[49,160741,92],{"class":85},[49,160743,95],{"class":63},[49,160745,46209],{"class":67},[49,160747,95],{"class":63},[49,160749,103],{"class":85},[49,160751,160752,160754,160756,160758,160760,160762],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160753,110],{"class":109},[49,160755,92],{"class":85},[49,160757,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160759,92],{"class":85},[49,160761,338],{"class":88},[49,160763,1581],{"class":85},[20,160765,160766],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160768,160769,160770,634,160772,32],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160771,2780],{},[15,160773,2786],{},[353,160775,160777],{"id":160776},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160779,160780],{},"Avoid code like this:",[40,160782,160784],{"className":42,"code":160783,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160785,160786,160794,160798,160824],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160787,160788,160790,160792],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160789,2349],{"class":55},[49,160791,60],{"class":59},[49,160793,34749],{"class":458},[49,160795,160796],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160797,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,160799,160800,160802,160804,160806,160808,160810,160812,160814,160816,160818,160820,160822],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,160801,1211],{"class":1210},[49,160803,48804],{"class":2804},[49,160805,92],{"class":85},[49,160807,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160809,92],{"class":85},[49,160811,338],{"class":88},[49,160813,261],{"class":85},[49,160815,6315],{"class":59},[49,160817,64],{"class":63},[49,160819,159518],{"class":67},[49,160821,95],{"class":63},[49,160823,1226],{"class":85},[49,160825,160826,160828,160830,160832,160835,160837],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,160827,1273],{"class":109},[49,160829,92],{"class":85},[49,160831,95],{"class":63},[49,160833,160834],{"class":67},"It is an int",[49,160836,95],{"class":63},[49,160838,103],{"class":85},[20,160840,160841],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160843,160844],{},"Better options:",[40,160846,160848],{"className":42,"code":160847,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160849,160850,160858,160862,160882],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160851,160852,160854,160856],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160853,2349],{"class":55},[49,160855,60],{"class":59},[49,160857,34749],{"class":458},[49,160859,160860],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160861,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,160863,160864,160866,160868,160870,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,160865,110],{"class":109},[49,160867,92],{"class":85},[49,160869,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160871,92],{"class":85},[49,160873,338],{"class":88},[49,160875,118],{"class":85},[49,160877,6315],{"class":59},[49,160879,45176],{"class":2804},[49,160881,103],{"class":85},[49,160883,160884,160886,160888,160890,160892,160894,160896,160898],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,160885,110],{"class":109},[49,160887,92],{"class":85},[49,160889,48775],{"class":109},[49,160891,92],{"class":85},[49,160893,338],{"class":88},[49,160895,341],{"class":85},[49,160897,45176],{"class":2804},[49,160899,1581],{"class":85},[20,160901,1974],{},[40,160903,160904],{"className":42,"code":4411,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,160905,160906,160910],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160907,160908],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160909,3885],{"class":3757},[49,160911,160912],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160913,3885],{"class":3757},[20,160915,160916,160917,160919],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160918,44705],{}," is the more useful check.",[181,160921,1308],{"id":1307},[20,160923,14643,160924,1197],{},[15,160925,2204],{},[194,160927,160928,160938,160947,160956],{},[197,160929,644,160930,160932,160933,160937],{},[15,160931,2204],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[820,160934,160935],{"href":8128},[15,160936,2861],{}," always returns a string",[197,160939,1318,160940,160942,160943,10999,160945],{},[15,160941,2204],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160944,2090],{},[15,160946,159518],{},[197,160948,644,160949,44529,160952,160955],{},[15,160950,160951],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160953,160954],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[197,160957,160958],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160960,160961,160962,32],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[820,160963,160965],{"href":160964},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160967,144293],{},[40,160969,160971],{"className":42,"code":160970,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160972,160973,160987,160997,161011,161021],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,160974,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,160976,110],{"class":109},[49,160978,92],{"class":85},[49,160980,3127],{"class":2804},[49,160982,92],{"class":85},[49,160984,338],{"class":88},[49,160986,1581],{"class":85},[49,160988,160989,160991,160993,160995],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,160990,110],{"class":109},[49,160992,92],{"class":85},[49,160994,338],{"class":88},[49,160996,103],{"class":85},[49,160998,160999,161001,161003,161005,161007,161009],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,161000,110],{"class":109},[49,161002,92],{"class":85},[49,161004,1590],{"class":109},[49,161006,92],{"class":85},[49,161008,338],{"class":88},[49,161010,1581],{"class":85},[49,161012,161013,161015,161017,161019],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,161014,32059],{"class":109},[49,161016,92],{"class":85},[49,161018,3127],{"class":2804},[49,161020,103],{"class":85},[49,161022,161023,161025,161027,161029],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,161024,34280],{"class":109},[49,161026,92],{"class":85},[49,161028,338],{"class":88},[49,161030,103],{"class":85},[20,161032,161033],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[181,161035,1704],{"id":1703},[353,161037,5050,161039,5053],{"id":161038},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161040,2204],{},[20,161042,161043,161044,2091,161046,2091,161048,2095,161050,161052,161053,32],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161045,3349],{},[15,161047,2090],{},[15,161049,8002],{},[15,161051,8726],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161054,159515],{},[353,161056,14813,161058,57103,161060,2394],{"id":161057},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161059,2204],{},[15,161061,44705],{},[20,161063,46264,161064,161066,161067,161069],{},[15,161065,2204],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161068,44705],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[353,161071,5065,161073,161076,161077,2394],{"id":161072},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161074,161075],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161078,3349],{},[20,161080,28966,161081,161083,161084,634,161086,160177],{},[15,161082,2861],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161085,2780],{},[15,161087,2786],{},[353,161089,5077,161091,161093],{"id":161090},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161092,2204],{}," create classes?",[20,161095,161096,161097,32],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161098,161099],{},"type(object)",[181,161101,1775],{"id":1774},[194,161103,161104,161108,161114,161120,161124,161130,161136],{},[197,161105,161106],{},[820,161107,44697],{"href":48878},[197,161109,161110],{},[820,161111,3482,161112,3415],{"href":160356},[15,161113,44705],{},[197,161115,161116],{},[820,161117,3482,161118,3415],{"href":8128},[15,161119,2861],{},[197,161121,161122],{},[820,161123,8963],{"href":8885},[197,161125,161126],{},[820,161127,3482,161128,3415],{"href":2777},[15,161129,2780],{},[197,161131,161132],{},[820,161133,3482,161134,3415],{"href":2783},[15,161135,2786],{},[197,161137,161138],{},[820,161139,3482,161140,3415],{"href":42075},[15,161141,47583],{},[1834,161143,161144],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":161146},[161147,161148,161150,161151,161152,161154,161156,161158,161160,161167,161168,161178],{"id":3514,"depth":74,"text":3515},{"id":159521,"depth":74,"text":161149},"What the type() function does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":121758,"depth":74,"text":121759},{"id":159879,"depth":74,"text":161153},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160185,"depth":74,"text":161155},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160361,"depth":74,"text":161157},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160511,"depth":74,"text":161159},"When to use type()",{"id":25267,"depth":74,"text":25268,"children":161161},[161162,161164,161166],{"id":160660,"depth":106,"text":161163},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160720,"depth":106,"text":161165},"input() returns str",{"id":160776,"depth":106,"text":160777},{"id":1307,"depth":74,"text":1308},{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":161169},[161170,161172,161174,161176],{"id":161038,"depth":106,"text":161171},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161057,"depth":106,"text":161173},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161072,"depth":106,"text":161175},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161090,"depth":106,"text":161177},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159355,"description":161179},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161185,"title":161186,"body":161187,"description":163666,"extension":1866,"meta":163667,"navigation":128,"path":163668,"seo":163669,"stem":163670,"__hash__":163671},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161188,"toc":163623},[161189,161194,161199,161208,161210,161310,161312,161337,161342,161347,161363,161366,161368,161370,161395,161398,161401,161484,161486,161535,161538,161660,161662,161735,161739,161742,161856,161858,161884,161886,161907,161912,161916,161921,161924,162028,162030,162047,162056,162059,162146,162148,162159,162164,162170,162175,162181,162184,162277,162279,162328,162334,162337,162438,162440,162493,162498,162502,162505,162604,162606,162645,162648,162653,162655,162660,162664,162777,162781,162878,162882,162970,162972,162989,162993,163116,163122,163128,163134,163139,163142,163169,163173,163175,163269,163272,163276,163279,163366,163369,163404,163406,163443,163446,163454,163459,163464,163538,163545,163547,163552,163555,163561,163564,163570,163575,163581,163586,163590,163593,163595,163620],[10,161190,3482,161192,3486],{"id":161191},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161193,64210],{},[20,161195,161196,161198],{},[15,161197,64210],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161200,161201,161202,161204,161205,161207],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161203,64210],{}," inside a ",[15,161206,5865],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[181,161209,1907],{"id":1906},[40,161211,161213],{"className":42,"code":161212,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161214,161215,161247,161267,161271,161296],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161216,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161218,4902],{"class":55},[49,161220,60],{"class":59},[49,161222,3530],{"class":85},[49,161224,95],{"class":63},[49,161226,12788],{"class":67},[49,161228,95],{"class":63},[49,161230,341],{"class":85},[49,161232,64],{"class":63},[49,161234,35846],{"class":67},[49,161236,95],{"class":63},[49,161238,341],{"class":85},[49,161240,64],{"class":63},[49,161242,35855],{"class":67},[49,161244,95],{"class":63},[49,161246,1244],{"class":85},[49,161248,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,161250,4971],{"class":55},[49,161252,60],{"class":59},[49,161254,3530],{"class":85},[49,161256,13411],{"class":458},[49,161258,341],{"class":85},[49,161260,13416],{"class":458},[49,161262,341],{"class":85},[49,161264,28825],{"class":458},[49,161266,1244],{"class":85},[49,161268,161269],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,161270,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,161272,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,161274,5865],{"class":1210},[49,161276,35897],{"class":55},[49,161278,341],{"class":85},[49,161280,5013],{"class":55},[49,161282,3788],{"class":1210},[49,161284,161285],{"class":109}," zip",[49,161287,92],{"class":85},[49,161289,4946],{"class":88},[49,161291,341],{"class":85},[49,161293,5018],{"class":88},[49,161295,1396],{"class":85},[49,161297,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,161299,1273],{"class":109},[49,161301,92],{"class":85},[49,161303,7575],{"class":88},[49,161305,341],{"class":85},[49,161307,130573],{"class":88},[49,161309,103],{"class":85},[20,161311,1974],{},[40,161313,161315],{"className":42,"code":161314,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161316,161317,161323,161330],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161318,161319,161321],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161320,133592],{"class":55},[49,161322,33043],{"class":458},[49,161324,161325,161328],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,161326,161327],{"class":55},"Ben ",[49,161329,33048],{"class":458},[49,161331,161332,161335],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,161333,161334],{"class":55},"Cara ",[49,161336,33053],{"class":458},[20,161338,35,161339,161341],{},[15,161340,64210],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[181,161343,184,161345,187],{"id":161344},"what-zip-does",[15,161346,64210],{},[194,161348,161349,161354,161357,161360],{},[197,161350,161351,161353],{},[15,161352,64210],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[197,161355,161356],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[197,161358,161359],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[197,161361,161362],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161364,161365],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[181,161367,316],{"id":315},[20,161369,7124],{},[40,161371,161373],{"className":42,"code":161372,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161374,161375],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161376,161377,161379,161381,161384,161386,161389,161391,161393],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161378,64280],{"class":109},[49,161380,92],{"class":85},[49,161382,161383],{"class":88},"iterable1",[49,161385,341],{"class":85},[49,161387,161388],{"class":88}," iterable2",[49,161390,341],{"class":85},[49,161392,34362],{"class":109},[49,161394,103],{"class":85},[20,161396,161397],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161399,161400],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[40,161402,161404],{"className":42,"code":161403,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161405,161406,161426,161458,161462],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161407,161408,161410,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161409,3525],{"class":55},[49,161411,60],{"class":59},[49,161413,3530],{"class":85},[49,161415,1223],{"class":458},[49,161417,341],{"class":85},[49,161419,2896],{"class":458},[49,161421,341],{"class":85},[49,161423,2354],{"class":458},[49,161425,1244],{"class":85},[49,161427,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,161429,35994],{"class":55},[49,161431,60],{"class":59},[49,161433,3530],{"class":85},[49,161435,95],{"class":63},[49,161437,820],{"class":67},[49,161439,95],{"class":63},[49,161441,341],{"class":85},[49,161443,64],{"class":63},[49,161445,4667],{"class":67},[49,161447,95],{"class":63},[49,161449,341],{"class":85},[49,161451,64],{"class":63},[49,161453,9646],{"class":67},[49,161455,95],{"class":63},[49,161457,1244],{"class":85},[49,161459,161460],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,161461,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,161463,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,161465,110],{"class":109},[49,161467,92],{"class":85},[49,161469,8002],{"class":2804},[49,161471,92],{"class":85},[49,161473,64280],{"class":109},[49,161475,92],{"class":85},[49,161477,3556],{"class":88},[49,161479,341],{"class":85},[49,161481,69977],{"class":88},[49,161483,2815],{"class":85},[20,161485,1974],{},[40,161487,161489],{"className":42,"code":161488,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161490,161491],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161492,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161494,21650],{"class":85},[49,161496,1223],{"class":458},[49,161498,341],{"class":85},[49,161500,3202],{"class":63},[49,161502,820],{"class":67},[49,161504,1573],{"class":63},[49,161506,9139],{"class":85},[49,161508,9142],{"class":85},[49,161510,312],{"class":458},[49,161512,341],{"class":85},[49,161514,3202],{"class":63},[49,161516,4667],{"class":67},[49,161518,1573],{"class":63},[49,161520,9139],{"class":85},[49,161522,9142],{"class":85},[49,161524,1965],{"class":458},[49,161526,341],{"class":85},[49,161528,3202],{"class":63},[49,161530,9646],{"class":67},[49,161532,1573],{"class":63},[49,161534,9155],{"class":85},[20,161536,161537],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[40,161539,161541],{"className":42,"code":161540,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161542,161543,161575,161595,161629,161633],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161544,161545,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567,161569,161571,161573],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161546,4902],{"class":55},[49,161548,60],{"class":59},[49,161550,3530],{"class":85},[49,161552,95],{"class":63},[49,161554,12788],{"class":67},[49,161556,95],{"class":63},[49,161558,341],{"class":85},[49,161560,64],{"class":63},[49,161562,35846],{"class":67},[49,161564,95],{"class":63},[49,161566,341],{"class":85},[49,161568,64],{"class":63},[49,161570,35855],{"class":67},[49,161572,95],{"class":63},[49,161574,1244],{"class":85},[49,161576,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,161578,4971],{"class":55},[49,161580,60],{"class":59},[49,161582,3530],{"class":85},[49,161584,13411],{"class":458},[49,161586,341],{"class":85},[49,161588,13416],{"class":458},[49,161590,341],{"class":85},[49,161592,28825],{"class":458},[49,161594,1244],{"class":85},[49,161596,161597,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161625,161627],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,161598,161599],{"class":55},"grades ",[49,161601,60],{"class":59},[49,161603,3530],{"class":85},[49,161605,95],{"class":63},[49,161607,22154],{"class":67},[49,161609,95],{"class":63},[49,161611,341],{"class":85},[49,161613,64],{"class":63},[49,161615,30506],{"class":67},[49,161617,95],{"class":63},[49,161619,341],{"class":85},[49,161621,64],{"class":63},[49,161623,161624],{"class":67},"B+",[49,161626,95],{"class":63},[49,161628,1244],{"class":85},[49,161630,161631],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,161632,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,161634,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653,161655,161658],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,161636,110],{"class":109},[49,161638,92],{"class":85},[49,161640,8002],{"class":2804},[49,161642,92],{"class":85},[49,161644,64280],{"class":109},[49,161646,92],{"class":85},[49,161648,4946],{"class":88},[49,161650,341],{"class":85},[49,161652,5018],{"class":88},[49,161654,341],{"class":85},[49,161656,161657],{"class":88}," grades",[49,161659,2815],{"class":85},[20,161661,1974],{},[40,161663,161665],{"className":42,"code":161664,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161666,161667],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161668,161669,161671,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161707,161709,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161670,21650],{"class":85},[49,161672,1573],{"class":63},[49,161674,12788],{"class":67},[49,161676,1573],{"class":63},[49,161678,341],{"class":85},[49,161680,19809],{"class":458},[49,161682,341],{"class":85},[49,161684,3202],{"class":63},[49,161686,22154],{"class":67},[49,161688,1573],{"class":63},[49,161690,9139],{"class":85},[49,161692,9142],{"class":85},[49,161694,1573],{"class":63},[49,161696,35846],{"class":67},[49,161698,1573],{"class":63},[49,161700,341],{"class":85},[49,161702,13416],{"class":458},[49,161704,341],{"class":85},[49,161706,3202],{"class":63},[49,161708,30506],{"class":67},[49,161710,1573],{"class":63},[49,161712,9139],{"class":85},[49,161714,9142],{"class":85},[49,161716,1573],{"class":63},[49,161718,35855],{"class":67},[49,161720,1573],{"class":63},[49,161722,341],{"class":85},[49,161724,28825],{"class":458},[49,161726,341],{"class":85},[49,161728,3202],{"class":63},[49,161730,161624],{"class":67},[49,161732,1573],{"class":63},[49,161734,9155],{"class":85},[181,161736,161738],{"id":161737},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161740,161741],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[40,161743,161745],{"className":42,"code":161744,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161746,161747,161779,161799,161803,161827],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161748,161749,161751,161753,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161750,4902],{"class":55},[49,161752,60],{"class":59},[49,161754,3530],{"class":85},[49,161756,95],{"class":63},[49,161758,12788],{"class":67},[49,161760,95],{"class":63},[49,161762,341],{"class":85},[49,161764,64],{"class":63},[49,161766,35846],{"class":67},[49,161768,95],{"class":63},[49,161770,341],{"class":85},[49,161772,64],{"class":63},[49,161774,35855],{"class":67},[49,161776,95],{"class":63},[49,161778,1244],{"class":85},[49,161780,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,161782,4971],{"class":55},[49,161784,60],{"class":59},[49,161786,3530],{"class":85},[49,161788,13411],{"class":458},[49,161790,341],{"class":85},[49,161792,13416],{"class":458},[49,161794,341],{"class":85},[49,161796,28825],{"class":458},[49,161798,1244],{"class":85},[49,161800,161801],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,161802,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,161804,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,161806,5865],{"class":1210},[49,161808,35897],{"class":55},[49,161810,341],{"class":85},[49,161812,5013],{"class":55},[49,161814,3788],{"class":1210},[49,161816,161285],{"class":109},[49,161818,92],{"class":85},[49,161820,4946],{"class":88},[49,161822,341],{"class":85},[49,161824,5018],{"class":88},[49,161826,1396],{"class":85},[49,161828,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841,161843,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,161830,1273],{"class":109},[49,161832,92],{"class":85},[49,161834,22203],{"class":1968},[49,161836,95],{"class":67},[49,161838,9184],{"class":458},[49,161840,7575],{"class":88},[49,161842,22212],{"class":458},[49,161844,161845],{"class":67}," scored ",[49,161847,9184],{"class":458},[49,161849,85396],{"class":88},[49,161851,22212],{"class":458},[49,161853,95],{"class":67},[49,161855,103],{"class":85},[20,161857,1974],{},[40,161859,161861],{"className":42,"code":161860,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161862,161863,161870,161877],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161864,161865,161868],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161866,161867],{"class":55},"Ana scored ",[49,161869,33043],{"class":458},[49,161871,161872,161875],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,161873,161874],{"class":55},"Ben scored ",[49,161876,33048],{"class":458},[49,161878,161879,161882],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,161880,161881],{"class":55},"Cara scored ",[49,161883,33053],{"class":458},[20,161885,44830],{},[194,161887,161888,161897,161900],{},[197,161889,161890,161893,161894],{},[15,161891,161892],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161895,161896],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[197,161898,161899],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[197,161901,161902,380,161904,161906],{},[15,161903,7575],{},[15,161905,85396],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161908,161909,161910,32],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[820,161911,69495],{"href":69494},[181,161913,161915],{"id":161914},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161917,161918,161920],{},[15,161919,64210],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161922,161923],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[40,161925,161927],{"className":42,"code":161926,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161928,161929,161970,161986,161990,162014],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,161930,161931,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961,161963,161966,161968],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,161932,4902],{"class":55},[49,161934,60],{"class":59},[49,161936,3530],{"class":85},[49,161938,95],{"class":63},[49,161940,12788],{"class":67},[49,161942,95],{"class":63},[49,161944,341],{"class":85},[49,161946,64],{"class":63},[49,161948,35846],{"class":67},[49,161950,95],{"class":63},[49,161952,341],{"class":85},[49,161954,64],{"class":63},[49,161956,35855],{"class":67},[49,161958,95],{"class":63},[49,161960,341],{"class":85},[49,161962,64],{"class":63},[49,161964,161965],{"class":67},"Dan",[49,161967,95],{"class":63},[49,161969,1244],{"class":85},[49,161971,161972,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,161973,4971],{"class":55},[49,161975,60],{"class":59},[49,161977,3530],{"class":85},[49,161979,13411],{"class":458},[49,161981,341],{"class":85},[49,161983,13416],{"class":458},[49,161985,1244],{"class":85},[49,161987,161988],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,161989,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,161991,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,161993,5865],{"class":1210},[49,161995,35897],{"class":55},[49,161997,341],{"class":85},[49,161999,5013],{"class":55},[49,162001,3788],{"class":1210},[49,162003,161285],{"class":109},[49,162005,92],{"class":85},[49,162007,4946],{"class":88},[49,162009,341],{"class":85},[49,162011,5018],{"class":88},[49,162013,1396],{"class":85},[49,162015,162016,162018,162020,162022,162024,162026],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,162017,1273],{"class":109},[49,162019,92],{"class":85},[49,162021,7575],{"class":88},[49,162023,341],{"class":85},[49,162025,130573],{"class":88},[49,162027,103],{"class":85},[20,162029,1974],{},[40,162031,162033],{"className":42,"code":162032,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162034,162035,162041],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162036,162037,162039],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162038,133592],{"class":55},[49,162040,33043],{"class":458},[49,162042,162043,162045],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162044,161327],{"class":55},[49,162046,33048],{"class":458},[20,162048,2188,162049,380,162052,162055],{},[15,162050,162051],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162053,162054],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162057,162058],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[40,162060,162062],{"className":42,"code":162061,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162063,162064,162104,162120,162124],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162065,162066,162068,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082,162084,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162067,4902],{"class":55},[49,162069,60],{"class":59},[49,162071,3530],{"class":85},[49,162073,95],{"class":63},[49,162075,12788],{"class":67},[49,162077,95],{"class":63},[49,162079,341],{"class":85},[49,162081,64],{"class":63},[49,162083,35846],{"class":67},[49,162085,95],{"class":63},[49,162087,341],{"class":85},[49,162089,64],{"class":63},[49,162091,35855],{"class":67},[49,162093,95],{"class":63},[49,162095,341],{"class":85},[49,162097,64],{"class":63},[49,162099,161965],{"class":67},[49,162101,95],{"class":63},[49,162103,1244],{"class":85},[49,162105,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162107,4971],{"class":55},[49,162109,60],{"class":59},[49,162111,3530],{"class":85},[49,162113,13411],{"class":458},[49,162115,341],{"class":85},[49,162117,13416],{"class":458},[49,162119,1244],{"class":85},[49,162121,162122],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,162123,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,162125,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,162127,110],{"class":109},[49,162129,92],{"class":85},[49,162131,1631],{"class":109},[49,162133,92],{"class":85},[49,162135,4946],{"class":88},[49,162137,9139],{"class":85},[49,162139,38289],{"class":109},[49,162141,92],{"class":85},[49,162143,16300],{"class":88},[49,162145,1581],{"class":85},[20,162147,1974],{},[40,162149,162151],{"className":42,"code":162150,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"4 2\n",[15,162152,162153],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162154,162155,162157],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162156,2407],{"class":458},[49,162158,45489],{"class":458},[20,162160,162161,162162,32],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162163,64210],{},[181,162165,91985,162167,162169],{"id":162166},"converting-zip-output",[15,162168,64210],{}," output",[20,162171,28966,162172,162174],{},[15,162173,64210],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[353,162176,35,162178],{"id":162177},"use-listzip",[15,162179,162180],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162182,162183],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[40,162185,162187],{"className":42,"code":162186,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162188,162189,162221,162241,162245,162267],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162190,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162192,4902],{"class":55},[49,162194,60],{"class":59},[49,162196,3530],{"class":85},[49,162198,95],{"class":63},[49,162200,12788],{"class":67},[49,162202,95],{"class":63},[49,162204,341],{"class":85},[49,162206,64],{"class":63},[49,162208,35846],{"class":67},[49,162210,95],{"class":63},[49,162212,341],{"class":85},[49,162214,64],{"class":63},[49,162216,35855],{"class":67},[49,162218,95],{"class":63},[49,162220,1244],{"class":85},[49,162222,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233,162235,162237,162239],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162224,4971],{"class":55},[49,162226,60],{"class":59},[49,162228,3530],{"class":85},[49,162230,13411],{"class":458},[49,162232,341],{"class":85},[49,162234,13416],{"class":458},[49,162236,341],{"class":85},[49,162238,28825],{"class":458},[49,162240,1244],{"class":85},[49,162242,162243],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,162244,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,162246,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,162248,9121],{"class":55},[49,162250,60],{"class":59},[49,162252,22469],{"class":2804},[49,162254,92],{"class":85},[49,162256,64280],{"class":109},[49,162258,92],{"class":85},[49,162260,4946],{"class":88},[49,162262,341],{"class":85},[49,162264,5018],{"class":88},[49,162266,1581],{"class":85},[49,162268,162269,162271,162273,162275],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,162270,110],{"class":109},[49,162272,92],{"class":85},[49,162274,9168],{"class":88},[49,162276,103],{"class":85},[20,162278,1974],{},[40,162280,162282],{"className":42,"code":162281,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162283,162284],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162285,162286,162288,162290,162292,162294,162296,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312,162314,162316,162318,162320,162322,162324,162326],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162287,21650],{"class":85},[49,162289,1573],{"class":63},[49,162291,12788],{"class":67},[49,162293,1573],{"class":63},[49,162295,341],{"class":85},[49,162297,19809],{"class":458},[49,162299,9139],{"class":85},[49,162301,9142],{"class":85},[49,162303,1573],{"class":63},[49,162305,35846],{"class":67},[49,162307,1573],{"class":63},[49,162309,341],{"class":85},[49,162311,13416],{"class":458},[49,162313,9139],{"class":85},[49,162315,9142],{"class":85},[49,162317,1573],{"class":63},[49,162319,35855],{"class":67},[49,162321,1573],{"class":63},[49,162323,341],{"class":85},[49,162325,28825],{"class":458},[49,162327,9155],{"class":85},[353,162329,35,162331],{"id":162330},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162332,162333],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162335,162336],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[40,162338,162340],{"className":42,"code":162339,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162341,162342,162374,162402,162406,162428],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162343,162344,162346,162348,162350,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162345,17153],{"class":55},[49,162347,60],{"class":59},[49,162349,3530],{"class":85},[49,162351,95],{"class":63},[49,162353,7575],{"class":67},[49,162355,95],{"class":63},[49,162357,341],{"class":85},[49,162359,64],{"class":63},[49,162361,9205],{"class":67},[49,162363,95],{"class":63},[49,162365,341],{"class":85},[49,162367,64],{"class":63},[49,162369,10316],{"class":67},[49,162371,95],{"class":63},[49,162373,1244],{"class":85},[49,162375,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162377,3729],{"class":55},[49,162379,60],{"class":59},[49,162381,3530],{"class":85},[49,162383,95],{"class":63},[49,162385,12788],{"class":67},[49,162387,95],{"class":63},[49,162389,341],{"class":85},[49,162391,9212],{"class":458},[49,162393,341],{"class":85},[49,162395,64],{"class":63},[49,162397,15942],{"class":67},[49,162399,95],{"class":63},[49,162401,1244],{"class":85},[49,162403,162404],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,162405,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,162407,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,162409,13113],{"class":55},[49,162411,60],{"class":59},[49,162413,9076],{"class":2804},[49,162415,92],{"class":85},[49,162417,64280],{"class":109},[49,162419,92],{"class":85},[49,162421,16835],{"class":88},[49,162423,341],{"class":85},[49,162425,3791],{"class":88},[49,162427,1581],{"class":85},[49,162429,162430,162432,162434,162436],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,162431,110],{"class":109},[49,162433,92],{"class":85},[49,162435,17218],{"class":88},[49,162437,103],{"class":85},[20,162439,1974],{},[40,162441,162443],{"className":42,"code":162442,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162444,162445],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162446,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162448,9184],{"class":85},[49,162450,1573],{"class":63},[49,162452,7575],{"class":67},[49,162454,1573],{"class":63},[49,162456,1197],{"class":85},[49,162458,3202],{"class":63},[49,162460,12788],{"class":67},[49,162462,1573],{"class":63},[49,162464,341],{"class":85},[49,162466,3202],{"class":63},[49,162468,9205],{"class":67},[49,162470,1573],{"class":63},[49,162472,1197],{"class":85},[49,162474,9212],{"class":458},[49,162476,341],{"class":85},[49,162478,3202],{"class":63},[49,162480,10316],{"class":67},[49,162482,1573],{"class":63},[49,162484,1197],{"class":85},[49,162486,3202],{"class":63},[49,162488,15942],{"class":67},[49,162490,1573],{"class":63},[49,162492,9215],{"class":85},[20,162494,162495,162496,32],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[820,162497,30993],{"href":30992},[353,162499,162501],{"id":162500},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162503,162504],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[40,162506,162508],{"className":42,"code":162507,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162509,162510,162534,162550,162554,162572,162576,162590],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162511,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530,162532],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162513,4902],{"class":55},[49,162515,60],{"class":59},[49,162517,3530],{"class":85},[49,162519,95],{"class":63},[49,162521,12788],{"class":67},[49,162523,95],{"class":63},[49,162525,341],{"class":85},[49,162527,64],{"class":63},[49,162529,35846],{"class":67},[49,162531,95],{"class":63},[49,162533,1244],{"class":85},[49,162535,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162537,4971],{"class":55},[49,162539,60],{"class":59},[49,162541,3530],{"class":85},[49,162543,13411],{"class":458},[49,162545,341],{"class":85},[49,162547,13416],{"class":458},[49,162549,1244],{"class":85},[49,162551,162552],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,162553,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,162555,162556,162558,162560,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,162557,9121],{"class":55},[49,162559,60],{"class":59},[49,162561,161285],{"class":109},[49,162563,92],{"class":85},[49,162565,4946],{"class":88},[49,162567,341],{"class":85},[49,162569,5018],{"class":88},[49,162571,103],{"class":85},[49,162573,162574],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,162575,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,162577,162578,162580,162582,162584,162586,162588],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,162579,110],{"class":109},[49,162581,92],{"class":85},[49,162583,8002],{"class":2804},[49,162585,92],{"class":85},[49,162587,9168],{"class":88},[49,162589,1581],{"class":85},[49,162591,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,162593,110],{"class":109},[49,162595,92],{"class":85},[49,162597,8002],{"class":2804},[49,162599,92],{"class":85},[49,162601,9168],{"class":88},[49,162603,1581],{"class":85},[20,162605,1974],{},[40,162607,162609],{"className":42,"code":162608,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162610,162611,162641],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162612,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162614,21650],{"class":85},[49,162616,1573],{"class":63},[49,162618,12788],{"class":67},[49,162620,1573],{"class":63},[49,162622,341],{"class":85},[49,162624,19809],{"class":458},[49,162626,9139],{"class":85},[49,162628,9142],{"class":85},[49,162630,1573],{"class":63},[49,162632,35846],{"class":67},[49,162634,1573],{"class":63},[49,162636,341],{"class":85},[49,162638,13416],{"class":458},[49,162640,9155],{"class":85},[49,162642,162643],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162644,38200],{"class":85},[20,162646,162647],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162649,162650,162651,32],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[820,162652,5044],{"href":5493},[181,162654,1136],{"id":1135},[20,162656,162657,162658,32],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162659,64210],{},[353,162661,162663],{"id":162662},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[40,162665,162667],{"className":42,"code":162666,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162668,162669,162701,162721,162725,162749],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162670,162671,162673,162675,162677,162679,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162672,4902],{"class":55},[49,162674,60],{"class":59},[49,162676,3530],{"class":85},[49,162678,95],{"class":63},[49,162680,12788],{"class":67},[49,162682,95],{"class":63},[49,162684,341],{"class":85},[49,162686,64],{"class":63},[49,162688,35846],{"class":67},[49,162690,95],{"class":63},[49,162692,341],{"class":85},[49,162694,64],{"class":63},[49,162696,35855],{"class":67},[49,162698,95],{"class":63},[49,162700,1244],{"class":85},[49,162702,162703,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162704,4971],{"class":55},[49,162706,60],{"class":59},[49,162708,3530],{"class":85},[49,162710,13411],{"class":458},[49,162712,341],{"class":85},[49,162714,13416],{"class":458},[49,162716,341],{"class":85},[49,162718,28825],{"class":458},[49,162720,1244],{"class":85},[49,162722,162723],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,162724,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,162726,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741,162743,162745,162747],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,162728,5865],{"class":1210},[49,162730,35897],{"class":55},[49,162732,341],{"class":85},[49,162734,5013],{"class":55},[49,162736,3788],{"class":1210},[49,162738,161285],{"class":109},[49,162740,92],{"class":85},[49,162742,4946],{"class":88},[49,162744,341],{"class":85},[49,162746,5018],{"class":88},[49,162748,1396],{"class":85},[49,162750,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773,162775],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,162752,1273],{"class":109},[49,162754,92],{"class":85},[49,162756,22203],{"class":1968},[49,162758,95],{"class":67},[49,162760,9184],{"class":458},[49,162762,7575],{"class":88},[49,162764,22212],{"class":458},[49,162766,22215],{"class":67},[49,162768,9184],{"class":458},[49,162770,85396],{"class":88},[49,162772,22212],{"class":458},[49,162774,95],{"class":67},[49,162776,103],{"class":85},[353,162778,162780],{"id":162779},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[40,162782,162784],{"className":42,"code":162783,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162785,162786,162818,162842,162846,162868],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162787,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810,162812,162814,162816],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162789,17153],{"class":55},[49,162791,60],{"class":59},[49,162793,3530],{"class":85},[49,162795,95],{"class":63},[49,162797,12557],{"class":67},[49,162799,95],{"class":63},[49,162801,341],{"class":85},[49,162803,64],{"class":63},[49,162805,7575],{"class":67},[49,162807,95],{"class":63},[49,162809,341],{"class":85},[49,162811,64],{"class":63},[49,162813,15732],{"class":67},[49,162815,95],{"class":63},[49,162817,1244],{"class":85},[49,162819,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162821,3729],{"class":55},[49,162823,60],{"class":59},[49,162825,3530],{"class":85},[49,162827,46491],{"class":458},[49,162829,341],{"class":85},[49,162831,64],{"class":63},[49,162833,12788],{"class":67},[49,162835,95],{"class":63},[49,162837,341],{"class":85},[49,162839,3821],{"class":3757},[49,162841,1244],{"class":85},[49,162843,162844],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,162845,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,162847,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,162849,9071],{"class":55},[49,162851,60],{"class":59},[49,162853,9076],{"class":2804},[49,162855,92],{"class":85},[49,162857,64280],{"class":109},[49,162859,92],{"class":85},[49,162861,16835],{"class":88},[49,162863,341],{"class":85},[49,162865,3791],{"class":88},[49,162867,1581],{"class":85},[49,162869,162870,162872,162874,162876],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,162871,110],{"class":109},[49,162873,92],{"class":85},[49,162875,9110],{"class":88},[49,162877,103],{"class":85},[353,162879,162881],{"id":162880},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[40,162883,162885],{"className":42,"code":162884,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162886,162887,162907,162927,162931,162956],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162888,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162890,80534],{"class":55},[49,162892,60],{"class":59},[49,162894,3530],{"class":85},[49,162896,2233],{"class":458},[49,162898,341],{"class":85},[49,162900,7698],{"class":458},[49,162902,341],{"class":85},[49,162904,7703],{"class":458},[49,162906,1244],{"class":85},[49,162908,162909,162911,162913,162915,162917,162919,162921,162923,162925],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162910,80555],{"class":55},[49,162912,60],{"class":59},[49,162914,3530],{"class":85},[49,162916,2233],{"class":458},[49,162918,341],{"class":85},[49,162920,9212],{"class":458},[49,162922,341],{"class":85},[49,162924,7703],{"class":458},[49,162926,1244],{"class":85},[49,162928,162929],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,162930,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,162932,162933,162935,162937,162939,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,162934,5865],{"class":1210},[49,162936,56785],{"class":55},[49,162938,341],{"class":85},[49,162940,162941],{"class":55}," b ",[49,162943,3788],{"class":1210},[49,162945,161285],{"class":109},[49,162947,92],{"class":85},[49,162949,111623],{"class":88},[49,162951,341],{"class":85},[49,162953,80598],{"class":88},[49,162955,1396],{"class":85},[49,162957,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966,162968],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,162959,1273],{"class":109},[49,162961,92],{"class":85},[49,162963,2457],{"class":88},[49,162965,4594],{"class":59},[49,162967,2462],{"class":88},[49,162969,103],{"class":85},[20,162971,1974],{},[40,162973,162975],{"className":42,"code":162974,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162976,162977,162981,162985],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162978,162979],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,162980,3885],{"class":3757},[49,162982,162983],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,162984,3946],{"class":3757},[49,162986,162987],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,162988,3885],{"class":3757},[353,162990,162992],{"id":162991},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[40,162994,162996],{"className":42,"code":162995,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162997,162998,163033,163056,163060,163087],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,162999,163000,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015,163017,163020,163022,163024,163026,163029,163031],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163001,163002],{"class":55},"products ",[49,163004,60],{"class":59},[49,163006,3530],{"class":85},[49,163008,95],{"class":63},[49,163010,25051],{"class":67},[49,163012,95],{"class":63},[49,163014,341],{"class":85},[49,163016,64],{"class":63},[49,163018,163019],{"class":67},"Pen",[49,163021,95],{"class":63},[49,163023,341],{"class":85},[49,163025,64],{"class":63},[49,163027,163028],{"class":67},"Bag",[49,163030,95],{"class":63},[49,163032,1244],{"class":85},[49,163034,163035,163037,163039,163041,163044,163046,163049,163051,163054],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,163036,82924],{"class":55},[49,163038,60],{"class":59},[49,163040,3530],{"class":85},[49,163042,163043],{"class":458},"12.5",[49,163045,341],{"class":85},[49,163047,163048],{"class":458}," 1.2",[49,163050,341],{"class":85},[49,163052,163053],{"class":458}," 25.0",[49,163055,1244],{"class":85},[49,163057,163058],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,163059,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,163061,163062,163064,163066,163068,163071,163073,163075,163077,163080,163082,163085],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,163063,5865],{"class":1210},[49,163065,25112],{"class":55},[49,163067,341],{"class":85},[49,163069,163070],{"class":55}," price ",[49,163072,3788],{"class":1210},[49,163074,161285],{"class":109},[49,163076,92],{"class":85},[49,163078,163079],{"class":88},"products",[49,163081,341],{"class":85},[49,163083,163084],{"class":88}," prices",[49,163086,1396],{"class":85},[49,163088,163089,163091,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163106,163108,163110,163112,163114],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,163090,1273],{"class":109},[49,163092,92],{"class":85},[49,163094,22203],{"class":1968},[49,163096,95],{"class":67},[49,163098,9184],{"class":458},[49,163100,26916],{"class":88},[49,163102,22212],{"class":458},[49,163104,163105],{"class":67}," costs $",[49,163107,9184],{"class":458},[49,163109,25060],{"class":88},[49,163111,22212],{"class":458},[49,163113,95],{"class":67},[49,163115,103],{"class":85},[20,163117,36506,163118,32],{},[820,163119,163121],{"href":163120},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[181,163123,163125,163126],{"id":163124},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163127,64210],{},[353,163129,1318,163131,163133],{"id":163130},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163132,64210],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163135,163136,163138],{},[15,163137,64210],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163140,163141],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[40,163143,163145],{"className":42,"code":163144,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163146,163147],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163148,163149,163151,163153,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163150,110],{"class":109},[49,163152,92],{"class":85},[49,163154,1631],{"class":109},[49,163156,92],{"class":85},[49,163158,111623],{"class":88},[49,163160,9139],{"class":85},[49,163162,38289],{"class":109},[49,163164,92],{"class":85},[49,163166,80821],{"class":88},[49,163168,1581],{"class":85},[353,163170,163172],{"id":163171},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163174,68718],{},[40,163176,163178],{"className":42,"code":163177,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163179,163180,163216,163220,163233,163243,163247,163259],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163181,163182,163184,163186,163188,163190,163192,163194,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208,163210,163212,163214],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163183,9121],{"class":55},[49,163185,60],{"class":59},[49,163187,161285],{"class":109},[49,163189,2889],{"class":85},[49,163191,1223],{"class":458},[49,163193,341],{"class":85},[49,163195,2896],{"class":458},[49,163197,17972],{"class":85},[49,163199,3530],{"class":85},[49,163201,95],{"class":63},[49,163203,820],{"class":67},[49,163205,95],{"class":63},[49,163207,341],{"class":85},[49,163209,64],{"class":63},[49,163211,4667],{"class":67},[49,163213,95],{"class":63},[49,163215,3794],{"class":85},[49,163217,163218],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,163219,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,163221,163222,163224,163226,163228,163231],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,163223,5865],{"class":1210},[49,163225,5868],{"class":55},[49,163227,3788],{"class":1210},[49,163229,163230],{"class":55}," pairs",[49,163232,1226],{"class":85},[49,163234,163235,163237,163239,163241],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,163236,1273],{"class":109},[49,163238,92],{"class":85},[49,163240,23220],{"class":88},[49,163242,103],{"class":85},[49,163244,163245],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,163246,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,163248,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257],{"class":51,"line":156},[49,163250,5865],{"class":1210},[49,163252,5868],{"class":55},[49,163254,3788],{"class":1210},[49,163256,163230],{"class":55},[49,163258,1226],{"class":85},[49,163260,163261,163263,163265,163267],{"class":51,"line":1270},[49,163262,1273],{"class":109},[49,163264,92],{"class":85},[49,163266,23220],{"class":88},[49,163268,103],{"class":85},[20,163270,163271],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[353,163273,163275],{"id":163274},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163277,163278],{},"This is correct:",[40,163280,163282],{"className":42,"code":163281,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163283,163284,163308,163324,163328,163352],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163285,163286,163288,163290,163292,163294,163296,163298,163300,163302,163304,163306],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163287,4902],{"class":55},[49,163289,60],{"class":59},[49,163291,3530],{"class":85},[49,163293,95],{"class":63},[49,163295,12788],{"class":67},[49,163297,95],{"class":63},[49,163299,341],{"class":85},[49,163301,64],{"class":63},[49,163303,35846],{"class":67},[49,163305,95],{"class":63},[49,163307,1244],{"class":85},[49,163309,163310,163312,163314,163316,163318,163320,163322],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,163311,4971],{"class":55},[49,163313,60],{"class":59},[49,163315,3530],{"class":85},[49,163317,13411],{"class":458},[49,163319,341],{"class":85},[49,163321,13416],{"class":458},[49,163323,1244],{"class":85},[49,163325,163326],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,163327,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,163329,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338,163340,163342,163344,163346,163348,163350],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,163331,5865],{"class":1210},[49,163333,35897],{"class":55},[49,163335,341],{"class":85},[49,163337,5013],{"class":55},[49,163339,3788],{"class":1210},[49,163341,161285],{"class":109},[49,163343,92],{"class":85},[49,163345,4946],{"class":88},[49,163347,341],{"class":85},[49,163349,5018],{"class":88},[49,163351,1396],{"class":85},[49,163353,163354,163356,163358,163360,163362,163364],{"class":51,"line":132},[49,163355,1273],{"class":109},[49,163357,92],{"class":85},[49,163359,7575],{"class":88},[49,163361,341],{"class":85},[49,163363,130573],{"class":88},[49,163365,103],{"class":85},[20,163367,163368],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[40,163370,163372],{"className":42,"code":163371,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163373,163374,163394],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163375,163376,163378,163380,163382,163384,163386,163388,163390,163392],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163377,5865],{"class":1210},[49,163379,5868],{"class":55},[49,163381,3788],{"class":1210},[49,163383,161285],{"class":109},[49,163385,92],{"class":85},[49,163387,4946],{"class":88},[49,163389,341],{"class":85},[49,163391,5018],{"class":88},[49,163393,1396],{"class":85},[49,163395,163396,163398,163400,163402],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,163397,1273],{"class":109},[49,163399,92],{"class":85},[49,163401,23220],{"class":88},[49,163403,103],{"class":85},[20,163405,1974],{},[40,163407,163409],{"className":42,"code":163408,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163410,163411,163427],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163412,163413,163415,163417,163419,163421,163423,163425],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163414,92],{"class":85},[49,163416,1573],{"class":63},[49,163418,12788],{"class":67},[49,163420,1573],{"class":63},[49,163422,341],{"class":85},[49,163424,19809],{"class":458},[49,163426,103],{"class":85},[49,163428,163429,163431,163433,163435,163437,163439,163441],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,163430,92],{"class":85},[49,163432,1573],{"class":63},[49,163434,35846],{"class":67},[49,163436,1573],{"class":63},[49,163438,341],{"class":85},[49,163440,13416],{"class":458},[49,163442,103],{"class":85},[20,163444,163445],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[353,163447,644,163449,163451,163452],{"id":163448},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163450,64210],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163453,35655],{},[20,163455,35,163456,163458],{},[15,163457,64210],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163460,35,163461,163463],{},[15,163462,35655],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[40,163465,163466],{"className":42,"code":35823,"language":44,"meta":45,"style":45},[15,163467,163468,163500,163504,163524],{"__ignoreMap":45},[49,163469,163470,163472,163474,163476,163478,163480,163482,163484,163486,163488,163490,163492,163494,163496,163498],{"class":51,"line":52},[49,163471,4902],{"class":55},[49,163473,60],{"class":59},[49,163475,3530],{"class":85},[49,163477,95],{"class":63},[49,163479,12788],{"class":67},[49,163481,95],{"class":63},[49,163483,341],{"class":85},[49,163485,64],{"class":63},[49,163487,35846],{"class":67},[49,163489,95],{"class":63},[49,163491,341],{"class":85},[49,163493,64],{"class":63},[49,163495,35855],{"class":67},[49,163497,95],{"class":63},[49,163499,1244],{"class":85},[49,163501,163502],{"class":51,"line":74},[49,163503,129],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":128},[49,163505,163506,163508,163510,163512,163514,163516,163518,163520,163522],{"class":51,"line":106},[49,163507,5865],{"class":1210},[49,163509,35727],{"class":55},[49,163511,341],{"class":85},[49,163513,35874],{"class":55},[49,163515,3788],{"class":1210},[49,163517,35737],{"class":109},[49,163519,92],{"class":85},[49,163521,4946],{"class":88},[49,163523,1396],{"class":85},[49,163525,163526,163528,163530,163532,163534,163536],{"class":51,"line":125},[49,163527,1273],{"class":109},[49,163529,92],{"class":85},[49,163531,1100],{"class":88},[49,163533,341],{"class":85},[49,163535,35897],{"class":88},[49,163537,103],{"class":85},[20,163539,163540,163541,32],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[820,163542,3482,163543,3415],{"href":91897},[15,163544,35655],{},[181,163546,1704],{"id":1703},[353,163548,5050,163550,5053],{"id":163549},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163551,64210],{},[20,163553,163554],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[353,163556,1720,163558,163560],{"id":163557},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163559,64210],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163562,163563],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[353,163565,163567,163568,2394],{"id":163566},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163569,64210],{},[20,163571,163572,163573,32],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163574,162180],{},[353,163576,163578,163579,2394],{"id":163577},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163580,64210],{},[20,163582,128078,163583,163585],{},[15,163584,162333],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[353,163587,163589],{"id":163588},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163591,163592],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[181,163594,1775],{"id":1774},[194,163596,163597,163602,163608,163612,163616],{},[197,163598,163599],{},[820,163600,163601],{"href":163120},"How to use zip in Python",[197,163603,163604],{},[820,163605,3482,163606,3415],{"href":91897},[15,163607,35655],{},[197,163609,163610],{},[820,163611,5123],{"href":5493},[197,163613,163614],{},[820,163615,69570],{"href":69494},[197,163617,163618],{},[820,163619,32167],{"href":30992},[1834,163621,163622],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":45,"searchDepth":74,"depth":74,"links":163624},[163625,163626,163628,163629,163630,163631,163639,163645,163654,163665],{"id":1906,"depth":74,"text":1907},{"id":161344,"depth":74,"text":163627},"What zip() does",{"id":315,"depth":74,"text":316},{"id":161737,"depth":74,"text":161738},{"id":161914,"depth":74,"text":161915},{"id":162166,"depth":74,"text":163632,"children":163633},"Converting zip() output",[163634,163636,163638],{"id":162177,"depth":106,"text":163635},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162330,"depth":106,"text":163637},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162500,"depth":106,"text":162501},{"id":1135,"depth":74,"text":1136,"children":163640},[163641,163642,163643,163644],{"id":162662,"depth":106,"text":162663},{"id":162779,"depth":106,"text":162780},{"id":162880,"depth":106,"text":162881},{"id":162991,"depth":106,"text":162992},{"id":163124,"depth":74,"text":163646,"children":163647},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163648,163650,163651,163652],{"id":163130,"depth":106,"text":163649},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163171,"depth":106,"text":163172},{"id":163274,"depth":106,"text":163275},{"id":163448,"depth":106,"text":163653},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1703,"depth":74,"text":1704,"children":163655},[163656,163658,163660,163662,163664],{"id":163549,"depth":106,"text":163657},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163557,"depth":106,"text":163659},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163566,"depth":106,"text":163661},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163577,"depth":106,"text":163663},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163588,"depth":106,"text":163589},{"id":1774,"depth":74,"text":1775},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161186,"description":163666},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945108111]