[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163843},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method":3,"nav-reference":2090},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2083,"extension":2084,"meta":2085,"navigation":84,"path":2086,"seo":2087,"stem":2088,"__hash__":2089},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2051},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,34,150,156,187,196,204,211,217,236,239,311,315,339,348,352,355,382,385,399,401,487,491,503,506,510,516,568,572,589,598,601,609,612,662,666,692,695,753,757,769,775,779,785,791,862,866,893,896,907,909,978,982,1007,1018,1022,1027,1034,1042,1044,1102,1106,1125,1128,1173,1177,1192,1195,1206,1216,1220,1225,1228,1239,1241,1304,1308,1342,1345,1351,1356,1359,1364,1408,1411,1451,1454,1464,1468,1473,1478,1481,1529,1532,1535,1591,1595,1600,1603,1653,1655,1704,1711,1716,1718,1765,1769,1782,1784,1835,1842,1845,1849,1852,1858,1865,1869,1872,1945,1948,1965,1969,1976,1979,1983,1989,1996,2003,2010,2016,2020,2047],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-string-format-method","Python String ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"format()"," Method",[20,21,22,23,25],"p",{},"The Python string ",[15,24,17],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,27,28],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n","python","",[15,42,43,67,79,86,136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","name ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sjJ54"," \"",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"s_sjI","Maya",[44,65,66],{"class":58},"\"\n",[44,68,70,73,75],{"class":46,"line":69},2,[44,71,72],{"class":50},"age ",[44,74,55],{"class":54},[44,76,78],{"class":77},"srdBf"," 12\n",[44,80,82],{"class":46,"line":81},3,[44,83,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},true,"\n",[44,87,89,92,94,96,99,102,105,107,110,113,117,121,124,127,130,133],{"class":46,"line":88},4,[44,90,91],{"class":50},"message ",[44,93,55],{"class":54},[44,95,59],{"class":58},[44,97,98],{"class":62},"My name is ",[44,100,101],{"class":77},"{}",[44,103,104],{"class":62}," and I am ",[44,106,101],{"class":77},[44,108,109],{"class":62}," years old.",[44,111,112],{"class":58},"\"",[44,114,116],{"class":115},"sP7_E",".",[44,118,120],{"class":119},"slqww","format",[44,122,123],{"class":115},"(",[44,125,126],{"class":119},"name",[44,128,129],{"class":115},",",[44,131,132],{"class":119}," age",[44,134,135],{"class":115},")\n",[44,137,139,143,145,148],{"class":46,"line":138},5,[44,140,142],{"class":141},"sptTA","print",[44,144,123],{"class":115},[44,146,147],{"class":119},"message",[44,149,135],{"class":115},[20,151,152],{},[153,154,155],"strong",{},"Output:",[35,157,159],{"className":37,"code":158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,160,161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162,163,166,169,172,175,178,181,184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,164,165],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,167,168],{"class":54},"is",[44,170,171],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,173,174],{"class":54},"and",[44,176,177],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,179,180],{"class":77},"12",[44,182,183],{"class":50}," years old",[44,185,186],{"class":115},".\n",[20,188,189,190,192,193,195],{},"Use ",[15,191,101],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,194,17],{}," in the same order.",[20,197,198,199,116],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[200,201,203],"a",{"href":202},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained: basics and examples",[30,205,207,208,210],{"id":206},"what-the-format-method-does","What the ",[15,209,17],{}," method does",[20,212,213,214,216],{},"The ",[15,215,17],{}," method:",[218,219,220,224,230,233],"ul",{},[221,222,223],"li",{},"inserts values into a string",[221,225,226,227,229],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,228,101],{}," with given values",[221,231,232],{},"returns a new string",[221,234,235],{},"does not change the original string",[20,237,238],{},"Example:",[35,240,242],{"className":37,"code":241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,243,244,260,285,289,300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,245,246,249,251,253,256,258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,247,248],{"class":50},"text ",[44,250,55],{"class":54},[44,252,59],{"class":58},[44,254,255],{"class":62},"Hello, ",[44,257,101],{"class":77},[44,259,66],{"class":58},[44,261,262,265,267,270,272,274,276,278,281,283],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,263,264],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,266,55],{"class":54},[44,268,269],{"class":50}," text",[44,271,116],{"class":115},[44,273,120],{"class":119},[44,275,123],{"class":115},[44,277,112],{"class":58},[44,279,280],{"class":62},"Sam",[44,282,112],{"class":58},[44,284,135],{"class":115},[44,286,287],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,288,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,290,291,293,295,298],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,292,142],{"class":141},[44,294,123],{"class":115},[44,296,297],{"class":119},"new_text",[44,299,135],{"class":115},[44,301,302,304,306,309],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,303,142],{"class":141},[44,305,123],{"class":115},[44,307,308],{"class":119},"text",[44,310,135],{"class":115},[20,312,313],{},[153,314,155],{},[35,316,318],{"className":37,"code":317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,319,320,330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,321,322,325,327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,323,324],{"class":50},"Hello",[44,326,129],{"class":115},[44,328,329],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,331,332,334,336],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,333,324],{"class":50},[44,335,129],{"class":115},[44,337,338],{"class":115}," {}\n",[20,340,341,342,344,345,347],{},"Notice that ",[15,343,308],{}," stays the same. ",[15,346,17],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[30,349,351],{"id":350},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,353,354],{},"The general form is:",[35,356,358],{"className":37,"code":357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,359,360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,361,362,365,369,371,373,375,377,380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,363,112],{"class":364},"s2W-s",[44,366,368],{"class":367},"sithA","text {}",[44,370,112],{"class":364},[44,372,116],{"class":115},[44,374,120],{"class":119},[44,376,123],{"class":115},[44,378,379],{"class":119},"value",[44,381,135],{"class":115},[20,383,384],{},"Key idea:",[218,386,387,393,396],{},[221,388,389,390,392],{},"each ",[15,391,101],{}," is a placeholder",[221,394,395],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[221,397,398],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,400,238],{},[35,402,404],{"className":37,"code":403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,405,406,420,434,438,476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,407,408,411,413,415,418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,409,410],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,412,55],{"class":54},[44,414,59],{"class":58},[44,416,417],{"class":62},"cat",[44,419,66],{"class":58},[44,421,422,425,427,429,432],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,423,424],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,426,55],{"class":54},[44,428,59],{"class":58},[44,430,431],{"class":62},"meow",[44,433,66],{"class":58},[44,435,436],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,437,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,439,440,443,445,447,449,451,454,456,458,460,462,464,466,469,471,474],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,441,442],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,444,55],{"class":54},[44,446,59],{"class":58},[44,448,213],{"class":62},[44,450,101],{"class":77},[44,452,453],{"class":62}," says ",[44,455,101],{"class":77},[44,457,116],{"class":62},[44,459,112],{"class":58},[44,461,116],{"class":115},[44,463,120],{"class":119},[44,465,123],{"class":115},[44,467,468],{"class":119},"animal",[44,470,129],{"class":115},[44,472,473],{"class":119}," sound",[44,475,135],{"class":115},[44,477,478,480,482,485],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,479,142],{"class":141},[44,481,123],{"class":115},[44,483,484],{"class":119},"sentence",[44,486,135],{"class":115},[20,488,489],{},[153,490,155],{},[35,492,494],{"className":37,"code":493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,495,496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,497,498,501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,499,500],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,502,186],{"class":115},[20,504,505],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[30,507,509],{"id":508},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,511,512,513,515],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,514,101],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,517,519],{"className":37,"code":518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,520,521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,522,523,525,527,529,532,534,537,539,541,543,545,547,549,551,554,556,558,560,563,565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,524,142],{"class":141},[44,526,123],{"class":115},[44,528,112],{"class":58},[44,530,531],{"class":62},"I like ",[44,533,101],{"class":77},[44,535,536],{"class":62}," and ",[44,538,101],{"class":77},[44,540,116],{"class":62},[44,542,112],{"class":58},[44,544,116],{"class":115},[44,546,120],{"class":119},[44,548,123],{"class":115},[44,550,112],{"class":58},[44,552,553],{"class":62},"pizza",[44,555,112],{"class":58},[44,557,129],{"class":115},[44,559,59],{"class":58},[44,561,562],{"class":62},"pasta",[44,564,112],{"class":58},[44,566,567],{"class":115},"))\n",[20,569,570],{},[153,571,155],{},[35,573,575],{"className":37,"code":574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,576,577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,578,579,582,584,587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,580,581],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,583,174],{"class":54},[44,585,586],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,588,186],{"class":115},[20,590,591,592,536,595,116],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,593,594],{},"{0}",[15,596,597],{},"{1}",[20,599,600],{},"This is helpful when:",[218,602,603,606],{},[221,604,605],{},"you want to reuse a value",[221,607,608],{},"you want to change the order",[20,610,611],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,613,615],{"className":37,"code":614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,616,617,652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,618,619,621,623,625,627,630,632,635,637,639,641,643,645,648,650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,620,248],{"class":50},[44,622,55],{"class":54},[44,624,59],{"class":58},[44,626,594],{"class":77},[44,628,629],{"class":62}," is learning Python. ",[44,631,594],{"class":77},[44,633,634],{"class":62}," likes coding.",[44,636,112],{"class":58},[44,638,116],{"class":115},[44,640,120],{"class":119},[44,642,123],{"class":115},[44,644,112],{"class":58},[44,646,647],{"class":62},"Lina",[44,649,112],{"class":58},[44,651,135],{"class":115},[44,653,654,656,658,660],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,655,142],{"class":141},[44,657,123],{"class":115},[44,659,308],{"class":119},[44,661,135],{"class":115},[20,663,664],{},[153,665,155],{},[35,667,669],{"className":37,"code":668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,670,671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,672,673,676,678,681,683,687,690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,674,675],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,677,168],{"class":54},[44,679,680],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,682,116],{"class":115},[44,684,686],{"class":685},"skxfh"," Lina",[44,688,689],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,691,186],{"class":115},[20,693,694],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,696,698],{"className":37,"code":697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,699,700,743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,701,702,704,706,708,710,713,715,717,719,721,723,725,727,730,732,734,736,739,741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,703,248],{"class":50},[44,705,55],{"class":54},[44,707,59],{"class":58},[44,709,597],{"class":77},[44,711,712],{"class":62}," comes after ",[44,714,594],{"class":77},[44,716,116],{"class":62},[44,718,112],{"class":58},[44,720,116],{"class":115},[44,722,120],{"class":119},[44,724,123],{"class":115},[44,726,112],{"class":58},[44,728,729],{"class":62},"one",[44,731,112],{"class":58},[44,733,129],{"class":115},[44,735,59],{"class":58},[44,737,738],{"class":62},"two",[44,740,112],{"class":58},[44,742,135],{"class":115},[44,744,745,747,749,751],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,746,142],{"class":141},[44,748,123],{"class":115},[44,750,308],{"class":119},[44,752,135],{"class":115},[20,754,755],{},[153,756,155],{},[35,758,760],{"className":37,"code":759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,761,762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,763,764,767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,765,766],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,768,186],{"class":115},[20,770,771,772,774],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,773,101],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[30,776,778],{"id":777},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,780,781,782,116],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,783,784],{},"{name}",[20,786,787,788,790],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,789,17],{},":",[35,792,794],{"className":37,"code":793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,795,796,852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,797,798,800,802,804,806,808,811,814,816,818,820,822,824,827,829,831,834,836,838,841,843,845,848,850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,799,248],{"class":50},[44,801,55],{"class":54},[44,803,59],{"class":58},[44,805,98],{"class":62},[44,807,784],{"class":77},[44,809,810],{"class":62}," and I live in ",[44,812,813],{"class":77},"{city}",[44,815,116],{"class":62},[44,817,112],{"class":58},[44,819,116],{"class":115},[44,821,120],{"class":119},[44,823,123],{"class":115},[44,825,126],{"class":826},"s99_P",[44,828,55],{"class":54},[44,830,112],{"class":58},[44,832,833],{"class":62},"Ana",[44,835,112],{"class":58},[44,837,129],{"class":115},[44,839,840],{"class":826}," city",[44,842,55],{"class":54},[44,844,112],{"class":58},[44,846,847],{"class":62},"Lima",[44,849,112],{"class":58},[44,851,135],{"class":115},[44,853,854,856,858,860],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,855,142],{"class":141},[44,857,123],{"class":115},[44,859,308],{"class":119},[44,861,135],{"class":115},[20,863,864],{},[153,865,155],{},[35,867,869],{"className":37,"code":868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,870,871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,872,873,875,877,880,882,885,888,891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,874,165],{"class":50},[44,876,168],{"class":54},[44,878,879],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,881,174],{"class":54},[44,883,884],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,886,887],{"class":54},"in",[44,889,890],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,892,186],{"class":115},[20,894,895],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[218,897,898,901,904],{},[221,899,900],{},"they make code easier to read",[221,902,903],{},"they help when a string has many values",[221,905,906],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,908,238],{},[35,910,912],{"className":37,"code":911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,913,914,967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,915,916,919,921,923,926,929,932,935,937,939,941,943,946,948,950,953,955,957,960,962,965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,917,918],{"class":50},"report ",[44,920,55],{"class":54},[44,922,59],{"class":58},[44,924,925],{"class":62},"Student: ",[44,927,928],{"class":77},"{student}",[44,930,931],{"class":62},", Score: ",[44,933,934],{"class":77},"{score}",[44,936,112],{"class":58},[44,938,116],{"class":115},[44,940,120],{"class":119},[44,942,123],{"class":115},[44,944,945],{"class":826},"student",[44,947,55],{"class":54},[44,949,112],{"class":58},[44,951,952],{"class":62},"Noah",[44,954,112],{"class":58},[44,956,129],{"class":115},[44,958,959],{"class":826}," score",[44,961,55],{"class":54},[44,963,964],{"class":77},"95",[44,966,135],{"class":115},[44,968,969,971,973,976],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,970,142],{"class":141},[44,972,123],{"class":115},[44,974,975],{"class":119},"report",[44,977,135],{"class":115},[20,979,980],{},[153,981,155],{},[35,983,985],{"className":37,"code":984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,986,987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,988,989,992,994,997,999,1002,1004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,990,991],{"class":50},"Student",[44,993,790],{"class":115},[44,995,996],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,998,129],{"class":115},[44,1000,1001],{"class":50}," Score",[44,1003,790],{"class":115},[44,1005,1006],{"class":77}," 95\n",[20,1008,1009,1010,116],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[200,1011,1013,1014,1017],{"href":1012},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python ",[15,1015,1016],{},"str()"," function explained",[30,1019,1021],{"id":1020},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,1023,1024,1026],{},[15,1025,17],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,1028,1029,1030,1033],{},"A common example is ",[15,1031,1032],{},":.2f",", which means:",[218,1035,1036,1039],{},[221,1037,1038],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[221,1040,1041],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,1043,238],{},[35,1045,1047],{"className":37,"code":1046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,1048,1049,1059,1092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1050,1051,1054,1056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1052,1053],{"class":50},"price ",[44,1055,55],{"class":54},[44,1057,1058],{"class":77}," 3.5\n",[44,1060,1061,1063,1065,1067,1070,1073,1076,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087,1090],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1062,248],{"class":50},[44,1064,55],{"class":54},[44,1066,59],{"class":58},[44,1068,1069],{"class":62},"Price: $",[44,1071,1072],{"class":77},"{",[44,1074,1032],{"class":1075},"sbsja",[44,1077,1078],{"class":77},"}",[44,1080,112],{"class":58},[44,1082,116],{"class":115},[44,1084,120],{"class":119},[44,1086,123],{"class":115},[44,1088,1089],{"class":119},"price",[44,1091,135],{"class":115},[44,1093,1094,1096,1098,1100],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,1095,142],{"class":141},[44,1097,123],{"class":115},[44,1099,308],{"class":119},[44,1101,135],{"class":115},[20,1103,1104],{},[153,1105,155],{},[35,1107,1109],{"className":37,"code":1108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,1110,1111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1112,1113,1116,1118,1122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1114,1115],{"class":50},"Price",[44,1117,790],{"class":115},[44,1119,1121],{"class":1120},"srjyR"," $",[44,1123,1124],{"class":77},"3.50\n",[20,1126,1127],{},"Another example:",[35,1129,1131],{"className":37,"code":1130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,1132,1133,1143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1134,1135,1138,1140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1136,1137],{"class":50},"average ",[44,1139,55],{"class":54},[44,1141,1142],{"class":77}," 91.236\n",[44,1144,1145,1147,1149,1151,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1171],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1146,142],{"class":141},[44,1148,123],{"class":115},[44,1150,112],{"class":58},[44,1152,1153],{"class":62},"Average: ",[44,1155,1072],{"class":77},[44,1157,1032],{"class":1075},[44,1159,1078],{"class":77},[44,1161,112],{"class":58},[44,1163,116],{"class":115},[44,1165,120],{"class":119},[44,1167,123],{"class":115},[44,1169,1170],{"class":119},"average",[44,1172,567],{"class":115},[20,1174,1175],{},[153,1176,155],{},[35,1178,1180],{"className":37,"code":1179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,1181,1182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1183,1184,1187,1189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1185,1186],{"class":50},"Average",[44,1188,790],{"class":115},[44,1190,1191],{"class":77}," 91.24\n",[20,1193,1194],{},"This is useful for:",[218,1196,1197,1200,1203],{},[221,1198,1199],{},"prices",[221,1201,1202],{},"averages",[221,1204,1205],{},"percentages",[20,1207,1208,1209,116],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[200,1210,1013,1212,1215],{"href":1211},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,1213,1214],{},"print()"," function",[30,1217,1219],{"id":1218},"return-value","Return value",[20,1221,1222,1224],{},[15,1223,17],{}," returns a string.",[20,1226,1227],{},"That means you can:",[218,1229,1230,1233,1236],{},[221,1231,1232],{},"save it in a variable",[221,1234,1235],{},"print it directly",[221,1237,1238],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,1240,238],{},[35,1242,1244],{"className":37,"code":1243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,1245,1246,1278,1288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1247,1248,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1261,1263,1265,1267,1269,1271,1274,1276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1249,91],{"class":50},[44,1251,55],{"class":54},[44,1253,59],{"class":58},[44,1255,255],{"class":62},[44,1257,101],{"class":77},[44,1259,1260],{"class":62},"!",[44,1262,112],{"class":58},[44,1264,116],{"class":115},[44,1266,120],{"class":119},[44,1268,123],{"class":115},[44,1270,112],{"class":58},[44,1272,1273],{"class":62},"Chris",[44,1275,112],{"class":58},[44,1277,135],{"class":115},[44,1279,1280,1282,1284,1286],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1281,142],{"class":141},[44,1283,123],{"class":115},[44,1285,147],{"class":119},[44,1287,135],{"class":115},[44,1289,1290,1292,1294,1298,1300,1302],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,1291,142],{"class":141},[44,1293,123],{"class":115},[44,1295,1297],{"class":1296},"sZMiF","type",[44,1299,123],{"class":115},[44,1301,147],{"class":119},[44,1303,567],{"class":115},[20,1305,1306],{},[153,1307,155],{},[35,1309,1311],{"className":37,"code":1310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,1312,1313,1322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1314,1315,1317,1319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1316,324],{"class":50},[44,1318,129],{"class":115},[44,1320,1321],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,1323,1324,1327,1330,1333,1336,1339],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1325,1326],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,1328,1329],{"class":1075},"class",[44,1331,1332],{"class":58}," '",[44,1334,1335],{"class":62},"str",[44,1337,1338],{"class":58},"'",[44,1340,1341],{"class":54},">\n",[20,1343,1344],{},"The original string is not changed.",[30,1346,1348,1350],{"id":1347},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,1349,17],{}," vs f-strings",[20,1352,1353,1355],{},[15,1354,17],{}," is a string method.",[20,1357,1358],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,1360,1361,1362,790],{},"Example with ",[15,1363,17],{},[35,1365,1367],{"className":37,"code":1366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,1368,1369,1382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1370,1371,1373,1375,1377,1380],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1372,51],{"class":50},[44,1374,55],{"class":54},[44,1376,59],{"class":58},[44,1378,1379],{"class":62},"Rita",[44,1381,66],{"class":58},[44,1383,1384,1386,1388,1390,1392,1394,1396,1398,1400,1402,1404,1406],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1385,142],{"class":141},[44,1387,123],{"class":115},[44,1389,112],{"class":58},[44,1391,255],{"class":62},[44,1393,101],{"class":77},[44,1395,1260],{"class":62},[44,1397,112],{"class":58},[44,1399,116],{"class":115},[44,1401,120],{"class":119},[44,1403,123],{"class":115},[44,1405,126],{"class":119},[44,1407,567],{"class":115},[20,1409,1410],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,1412,1414],{"className":37,"code":1413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,1415,1416,1428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1417,1418,1420,1422,1424,1426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1419,51],{"class":50},[44,1421,55],{"class":54},[44,1423,59],{"class":58},[44,1425,1379],{"class":62},[44,1427,66],{"class":58},[44,1429,1430,1432,1434,1437,1440,1442,1444,1446,1449],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1431,142],{"class":141},[44,1433,123],{"class":115},[44,1435,1436],{"class":1075},"f",[44,1438,1439],{"class":62},"\"Hello, ",[44,1441,1072],{"class":77},[44,1443,126],{"class":119},[44,1445,1078],{"class":77},[44,1447,1448],{"class":62},"!\"",[44,1450,135],{"class":115},[20,1452,1453],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,1455,1456,1457,1459,1460,116],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,1458,17],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[200,1461,1463],{"href":1462},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[30,1465,1467],{"id":1466},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1469,1470,1471,116],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,1472,17],{},[1474,1475,1477],"h3",{"id":1476},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,1479,1480],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,1482,1484],{"className":37,"code":1483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,1485,1486,1519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1487,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1501,1503,1505,1507,1509,1511,1513,1515,1517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1489,248],{"class":50},[44,1491,55],{"class":54},[44,1493,59],{"class":58},[44,1495,255],{"class":62},[44,1497,101],{"class":77},[44,1499,1500],{"class":77}," {}",[44,1502,1260],{"class":62},[44,1504,112],{"class":58},[44,1506,116],{"class":115},[44,1508,120],{"class":119},[44,1510,123],{"class":115},[44,1512,112],{"class":58},[44,1514,280],{"class":62},[44,1516,112],{"class":58},[44,1518,135],{"class":115},[44,1520,1521,1523,1525,1527],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1522,142],{"class":141},[44,1524,123],{"class":115},[44,1526,308],{"class":119},[44,1528,135],{"class":115},[20,1530,1531],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,1533,1534],{},"Fixed version:",[35,1536,1538],{"className":37,"code":1537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,1539,1540,1581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1541,1542,1544,1546,1548,1550,1552,1554,1556,1558,1560,1562,1564,1566,1568,1570,1572,1574,1577,1579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1543,248],{"class":50},[44,1545,55],{"class":54},[44,1547,59],{"class":58},[44,1549,255],{"class":62},[44,1551,101],{"class":77},[44,1553,1500],{"class":77},[44,1555,1260],{"class":62},[44,1557,112],{"class":58},[44,1559,116],{"class":115},[44,1561,120],{"class":119},[44,1563,123],{"class":115},[44,1565,112],{"class":58},[44,1567,280],{"class":62},[44,1569,112],{"class":58},[44,1571,129],{"class":115},[44,1573,59],{"class":58},[44,1575,1576],{"class":62},"Lee",[44,1578,112],{"class":58},[44,1580,135],{"class":115},[44,1582,1583,1585,1587,1589],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1584,142],{"class":141},[44,1586,123],{"class":115},[44,1588,308],{"class":119},[44,1590,135],{"class":115},[1474,1592,1594],{"id":1593},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,1596,1597,1598,116],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,1599,17],{},[20,1601,1602],{},"Problem:",[35,1604,1606],{"className":37,"code":1605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,1607,1608,1643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1624,1626,1628,1630,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1611,248],{"class":50},[44,1613,55],{"class":54},[44,1615,59],{"class":58},[44,1617,255],{"class":62},[44,1619,784],{"class":77},[44,1621,1260],{"class":62},[44,1623,112],{"class":58},[44,1625,116],{"class":115},[44,1627,120],{"class":119},[44,1629,123],{"class":115},[44,1631,1632],{"class":826},"username",[44,1634,55],{"class":54},[44,1636,112],{"class":58},[44,1638,280],{"class":62},[44,1640,112],{"class":58},[44,1642,135],{"class":115},[44,1644,1645,1647,1649,1651],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1646,142],{"class":141},[44,1648,123],{"class":115},[44,1650,308],{"class":119},[44,1652,135],{"class":115},[20,1654,1534],{},[35,1656,1658],{"className":37,"code":1657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,1659,1660,1694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1661,1662,1664,1666,1668,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1684,1686,1688,1690,1692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1663,248],{"class":50},[44,1665,55],{"class":54},[44,1667,59],{"class":58},[44,1669,255],{"class":62},[44,1671,784],{"class":77},[44,1673,1260],{"class":62},[44,1675,112],{"class":58},[44,1677,116],{"class":115},[44,1679,120],{"class":119},[44,1681,123],{"class":115},[44,1683,126],{"class":826},[44,1685,55],{"class":54},[44,1687,112],{"class":58},[44,1689,280],{"class":62},[44,1691,112],{"class":58},[44,1693,135],{"class":115},[44,1695,1696,1698,1700,1702],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1697,142],{"class":141},[44,1699,123],{"class":115},[44,1701,308],{"class":119},[44,1703,135],{"class":115},[1474,1705,1707,1708,1710],{"id":1706},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string","Expecting ",[15,1709,17],{}," to change the original string",[20,1712,1713,1715],{},[15,1714,17],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,1717,1602],{},[35,1719,1721],{"className":37,"code":1720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,1722,1723,1737,1755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1724,1725,1727,1729,1731,1733,1735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1726,248],{"class":50},[44,1728,55],{"class":54},[44,1730,59],{"class":58},[44,1732,255],{"class":62},[44,1734,101],{"class":77},[44,1736,66],{"class":58},[44,1738,1739,1741,1743,1745,1747,1749,1751,1753],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1740,308],{"class":50},[44,1742,116],{"class":115},[44,1744,120],{"class":119},[44,1746,123],{"class":115},[44,1748,112],{"class":58},[44,1750,280],{"class":62},[44,1752,112],{"class":58},[44,1754,135],{"class":115},[44,1756,1757,1759,1761,1763],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,1758,142],{"class":141},[44,1760,123],{"class":115},[44,1762,308],{"class":119},[44,1764,135],{"class":115},[20,1766,1767],{},[153,1768,155],{},[35,1770,1772],{"className":37,"code":1771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,1773,1774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1775,1776,1778,1780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1777,324],{"class":50},[44,1779,129],{"class":115},[44,1781,338],{"class":115},[20,1783,1534],{},[35,1785,1787],{"className":37,"code":1786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,1788,1789,1803,1825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1790,1791,1793,1795,1797,1799,1801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1792,248],{"class":50},[44,1794,55],{"class":54},[44,1796,59],{"class":58},[44,1798,255],{"class":62},[44,1800,101],{"class":77},[44,1802,66],{"class":58},[44,1804,1805,1807,1809,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1806,248],{"class":50},[44,1808,55],{"class":54},[44,1810,269],{"class":50},[44,1812,116],{"class":115},[44,1814,120],{"class":119},[44,1816,123],{"class":115},[44,1818,112],{"class":58},[44,1820,280],{"class":62},[44,1822,112],{"class":58},[44,1824,135],{"class":115},[44,1826,1827,1829,1831,1833],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,1828,142],{"class":141},[44,1830,123],{"class":115},[44,1832,308],{"class":119},[44,1834,135],{"class":115},[1474,1836,1838,1839,1841],{"id":1837},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string","Forgetting that ",[15,1840,17],{}," returns a new string",[20,1843,1844],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1474,1846,1848],{"id":1847},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,1850,1851],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,1853,1854,1855,1857],{},"Use simple ",[15,1856,101],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,1859,1860,1861,116],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[200,1862,1864],{"href":1863},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[30,1866,1868],{"id":1867},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,1870,1871],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,1873,1875],{"className":37,"code":1874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,1876,1877,1887,1901,1930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1878,1879,1881,1883,1885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1880,142],{"class":141},[44,1882,123],{"class":115},[44,1884,308],{"class":119},[44,1886,135],{"class":115},[44,1888,1889,1891,1893,1895,1897,1899],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,1890,142],{"class":141},[44,1892,123],{"class":115},[44,1894,1297],{"class":1296},[44,1896,123],{"class":115},[44,1898,379],{"class":119},[44,1900,567],{"class":115},[44,1902,1903,1905,1907,1909,1912,1914,1916,1918,1920,1922,1924,1926,1928],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,1904,142],{"class":141},[44,1906,123],{"class":115},[44,1908,112],{"class":58},[44,1910,1911],{"class":62},"Hello ",[44,1913,101],{"class":77},[44,1915,112],{"class":58},[44,1917,116],{"class":115},[44,1919,120],{"class":119},[44,1921,123],{"class":115},[44,1923,112],{"class":58},[44,1925,280],{"class":62},[44,1927,112],{"class":58},[44,1929,567],{"class":115},[44,1931,1932,1935,1937,1939,1941,1943],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,1933,1934],{"class":141},"help",[44,1936,123],{"class":115},[44,1938,1335],{"class":1296},[44,1940,116],{"class":115},[44,1942,120],{"class":685},[44,1944,135],{"class":115},[20,1946,1947],{},"Use them to check:",[218,1949,1950,1953,1956,1959],{},[221,1951,1952],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[221,1954,1955],{},"what type your value has",[221,1957,1958],{},"whether a small test example works",[221,1960,1961,1962],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,1963,1964],{},"str.format",[30,1966,1968],{"id":1967},"faq","FAQ",[1474,1970,1972,1973,1975],{"id":1971},"what-does-python-string-format-return","What does Python string ",[15,1974,17],{}," return?",[20,1977,1978],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1474,1980,1982],{"id":1981},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,1984,1985,1986,1988],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,1987,101],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1474,1990,1992,1993,1995],{"id":1991},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,1994,17],{},"?",[20,1997,1998,1999,2002],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,2000,2001],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1474,2004,2006,2007,2009],{"id":2005},"is-format-better-than-f-strings","Is ",[15,2008,17],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,2011,2012,2013,2015],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,2014,17],{}," is still useful and common.",[30,2017,2019],{"id":2018},"see-also","See also",[218,2021,2022,2026,2031,2037,2043],{},[221,2023,2024],{},[200,2025,203],{"href":202},[221,2027,2028],{},[200,2029,2030],{"href":1462},"How to format strings in Python",[221,2032,2033],{},[200,2034,1013,2035,1017],{"href":1211},[15,2036,1214],{},[221,2038,2039],{},[200,2040,1013,2041,1017],{"href":1012},[15,2042,1016],{},[221,2044,2045],{},[200,2046,1864],{"href":1863},[2048,2049,2050],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":2052},[2053,2054,2056,2057,2058,2059,2060,2061,2063,2072,2073,2082],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":206,"depth":69,"text":2055},"What the format() method does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":508,"depth":69,"text":509},{"id":777,"depth":69,"text":778},{"id":1020,"depth":69,"text":1021},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":1347,"depth":69,"text":2062},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":2064},[2065,2066,2067,2069,2071],{"id":1476,"depth":81,"text":1477},{"id":1593,"depth":81,"text":1594},{"id":1706,"depth":81,"text":2068},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":1837,"depth":81,"text":2070},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":1847,"depth":81,"text":1848},{"id":1867,"depth":69,"text":1868},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":2074},[2075,2077,2078,2080],{"id":1971,"depth":81,"text":2076},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":1981,"depth":81,"text":1982},{"id":1991,"depth":81,"text":2079},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":2005,"depth":81,"text":2081},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":5,"description":2083},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",[2091,3688,5410,7110,9250,11451,12967,15140,17346,19804,21642,24205,26302,28584,30532,32441,34438,35875,37702,40227,42387,43612,44983,46627,48947,50790,52770,54464,55717,57411,59162,61134,62884,64984,66344,68293,69856,71847,73642,75542,77984,80061,82701,84728,86691,88879,90874,93186,94868,96313,97507,98685,100525,102965,104669,106684,108208,109453,110616,111998,114069,115966,117740,119606,121725,123462,124922,126513,128435,130111,131819,133308,136092,137669,139228,141256,143208,144671,145860,147746,149157,150853,152407,153829,155232,157130,159524,161355],{"id":2092,"title":2093,"body":2094,"description":3682,"extension":2084,"meta":3683,"navigation":84,"path":3684,"seo":3685,"stem":3686,"__hash__":3687},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2095,"toc":3654},[2096,2099,2105,2108,2119,2122,2124,2189,2191,2211,2216,2220,2225,2228,2244,2247,2273,2276,2278,2281,2297,2300,2327,2329,2389,2391,2406,2415,2425,2429,2432,2486,2488,2508,2511,2535,2542,2546,2551,2557,2559,2597,2599,2608,2614,2632,2635,2647,2651,2656,2660,2663,2684,2686,2744,2746,2754,2757,2761,2793,2795,2803,2806,2810,2815,2863,2865,2873,2877,2937,2939,2947,2950,2952,2956,2959,2982,2991,3007,3058,3060,3075,3086,3090,3093,3124,3131,3135,3140,3181,3183,3194,3197,3240,3242,3250,3254,3259,3281,3283,3292,3301,3305,3310,3332,3334,3404,3406,3453,3456,3459,3462,3542,3544,3574,3576,3580,3583,3587,3590,3594,3597,3601,3613,3617,3620,3622,3651],[10,2097,2093],{"id":2098},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2100,213,2101,2104],{},[15,2102,2103],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2106,2107],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[218,2109,2110,2113,2116],{},[221,2111,2112],{},"a number without its negative sign",[221,2114,2115],{},"the distance between two numbers",[221,2117,2118],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2120,2121],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[30,2123,33],{"id":32},[35,2125,2127],{"className":37,"code":2126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2128,2129,2148,2163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2130,2131,2133,2135,2138,2140,2143,2146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2132,142],{"class":141},[44,2134,123],{"class":115},[44,2136,2137],{"class":141},"abs",[44,2139,123],{"class":115},[44,2141,2142],{"class":54},"-",[44,2144,2145],{"class":77},"7",[44,2147,567],{"class":115},[44,2149,2150,2152,2154,2156,2158,2161],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2151,142],{"class":141},[44,2153,123],{"class":115},[44,2155,2137],{"class":141},[44,2157,123],{"class":115},[44,2159,2160],{"class":77},"3.5",[44,2162,567],{"class":115},[44,2164,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2178,2181,2184,2187],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,2166,142],{"class":141},[44,2168,123],{"class":115},[44,2170,2137],{"class":141},[44,2172,123],{"class":115},[44,2174,2142],{"class":54},[44,2176,2177],{"class":77},"2",[44,2179,2180],{"class":54},"+",[44,2182,2183],{"class":77},"3",[44,2185,2186],{"class":1075},"j",[44,2188,567],{"class":115},[20,2190,155],{},[35,2192,2194],{"className":37,"code":2193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2195,2196,2201,2206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2197,2198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2199,2200],{"class":77},"7\n",[44,2202,2203],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2204,2205],{"class":77},"3.5\n",[44,2207,2208],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,2209,2210],{"class":77},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2212,189,2213,2215],{},[15,2214,2103],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[30,2217,2219],{"id":2218},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2221,2222,2224],{},[15,2223,2103],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2226,2227],{},"That means:",[218,2229,2230,2233,2236],{},[221,2231,2232],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[221,2234,2235],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[221,2237,2238,2241,2242],{},[15,2239,2240],{},"0"," stays ",[15,2243,2240],{},[20,2245,2246],{},"Examples:",[218,2248,2249,2258,2266],{},[221,2250,2251,2254,2255],{},[15,2252,2253],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2256,2257],{},"5",[221,2259,2260,2254,2263],{},[15,2261,2262],{},"abs(9)",[15,2264,2265],{},"9",[221,2267,2268,2254,2271],{},[15,2269,2270],{},"abs(0)",[15,2272,2240],{},[20,2274,2275],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[30,2277,351],{"id":350},[20,2279,2280],{},"The syntax is:",[35,2282,2284],{"className":37,"code":2283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,2285,2286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2287,2288,2290,2292,2295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2289,2137],{"class":141},[44,2291,123],{"class":115},[44,2293,2294],{"class":119},"x",[44,2296,135],{"class":115},[20,2298,2299],{},"Here:",[218,2301,2302,2319,2324],{},[221,2303,2304,2306,2307,2310,2311,2314,2315,2318],{},[15,2305,2294],{}," is usually an ",[15,2308,2309],{},"int",", ",[15,2312,2313],{},"float",", or ",[15,2316,2317],{},"complex"," number",[221,2320,2321,2323],{},[15,2322,2103],{}," returns a new value",[221,2325,2326],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2328,238],{},[35,2330,2332],{"className":37,"code":2331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2333,2334,2347,2364,2368,2378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2335,2336,2339,2341,2344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2337,2338],{"class":50},"number ",[44,2340,55],{"class":54},[44,2342,2343],{"class":54}," -",[44,2345,2346],{"class":77},"12\n",[44,2348,2349,2352,2354,2357,2359,2362],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2350,2351],{"class":50},"result ",[44,2353,55],{"class":54},[44,2355,2356],{"class":141}," abs",[44,2358,123],{"class":115},[44,2360,2361],{"class":119},"number",[44,2363,135],{"class":115},[44,2365,2366],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,2367,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,2369,2370,2372,2374,2376],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,2371,142],{"class":141},[44,2373,123],{"class":115},[44,2375,2361],{"class":119},[44,2377,135],{"class":115},[44,2379,2380,2382,2384,2387],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,2381,142],{"class":141},[44,2383,123],{"class":115},[44,2385,2386],{"class":119},"result",[44,2388,135],{"class":115},[20,2390,155],{},[35,2392,2394],{"className":37,"code":2393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,2395,2396,2402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2397,2398,2400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2399,2142],{"class":54},[44,2401,2346],{"class":77},[44,2403,2404],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2405,2346],{"class":77},[20,2407,341,2408,2410,2411,2414],{},[15,2409,2361],{}," is still ",[15,2412,2413],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2416,2417,2418,2424],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[200,2419,2421,1215],{"href":2420},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2422,2423],{},"type()"," can help.",[30,2426,2428],{"id":2427},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2430,2431],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,2433,2435],{"className":37,"code":2434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2436,2437,2454,2469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2438,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447,2449,2452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2440,142],{"class":141},[44,2442,123],{"class":115},[44,2444,2137],{"class":141},[44,2446,123],{"class":115},[44,2448,2142],{"class":54},[44,2450,2451],{"class":77},"10",[44,2453,567],{"class":115},[44,2455,2456,2458,2460,2462,2464,2467],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2457,142],{"class":141},[44,2459,123],{"class":115},[44,2461,2137],{"class":141},[44,2463,123],{"class":115},[44,2465,2466],{"class":77},"8",[44,2468,567],{"class":115},[44,2470,2471,2473,2475,2477,2479,2481,2484],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,2472,142],{"class":141},[44,2474,123],{"class":115},[44,2476,2137],{"class":141},[44,2478,123],{"class":115},[44,2480,2142],{"class":54},[44,2482,2483],{"class":77},"4.2",[44,2485,567],{"class":115},[20,2487,155],{},[35,2489,2491],{"className":37,"code":2490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2492,2493,2498,2503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2494,2495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2496,2497],{"class":77},"10\n",[44,2499,2500],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2501,2502],{"class":77},"8\n",[44,2504,2505],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,2506,2507],{"class":77},"4.2\n",[20,2509,2510],{},"What each line does:",[218,2512,2513,2521,2528],{},[221,2514,2515,2518,2519],{},[15,2516,2517],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2520,2451],{},[221,2522,2523,2518,2526],{},[15,2524,2525],{},"abs(8)",[15,2527,2466],{},[221,2529,2530,2518,2533],{},[15,2531,2532],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2534,2483],{},[20,2536,2537,2538,116],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[200,2539,2541],{"href":2540},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[30,2543,2545],{"id":2544},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2547,2548,2550],{},[15,2549,2103],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2552,2553,2554,2556],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2555,2240],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2558,238],{},[35,2560,2562],{"className":37,"code":2561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2563,2564,2583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2565,2566,2569,2571,2574,2577,2580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2567,2568],{"class":50},"value ",[44,2570,55],{"class":54},[44,2572,2573],{"class":77}," 3",[44,2575,2576],{"class":54}," +",[44,2578,2579],{"class":77}," 4",[44,2581,2582],{"class":1075},"j\n",[44,2584,2585,2587,2589,2591,2593,2595],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2586,142],{"class":141},[44,2588,123],{"class":115},[44,2590,2137],{"class":141},[44,2592,123],{"class":115},[44,2594,379],{"class":119},[44,2596,567],{"class":115},[20,2598,155],{},[35,2600,2602],{"className":37,"code":2601,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,2603,2604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2605,2606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2607,2601],{"class":77},[20,2609,2610,2611,1995],{},"Why ",[15,2612,2613],{},"5.0",[218,2615,2616,2621,2627],{},[221,2617,2618,2619],{},"the real part is ",[15,2620,2183],{},[221,2622,2623,2624],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2625,2626],{},"4",[221,2628,2629,2630],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2631,2613],{},[20,2633,2634],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[218,2636,2637,2644],{},[221,2638,2639,2641,2642],{},[15,2640,2103],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2643,2313],{},[221,2645,2646],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[30,2648,2650],{"id":2649},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2652,2653,2654,116],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2655,2103],{},[1474,2657,2659],{"id":2658},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2661,2662],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,2664,2666],{"className":37,"code":2665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2667,2668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2669,2670,2672,2674,2677,2679,2682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2671,2137],{"class":141},[44,2673,123],{"class":115},[44,2675,2676],{"class":119},"a ",[44,2678,2142],{"class":54},[44,2680,2681],{"class":119}," b",[44,2683,135],{"class":115},[20,2685,238],{},[35,2687,2689],{"className":37,"code":2688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2690,2691,2700,2710,2714,2733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2692,2693,2695,2697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2694,2676],{"class":50},[44,2696,55],{"class":54},[44,2698,2699],{"class":77}," 3\n",[44,2701,2702,2705,2707],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2703,2704],{"class":50},"b ",[44,2706,55],{"class":54},[44,2708,2709],{"class":77}," 10\n",[44,2711,2712],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,2713,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,2715,2716,2719,2721,2723,2725,2727,2729,2731],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,2717,2718],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,2720,55],{"class":54},[44,2722,2356],{"class":141},[44,2724,123],{"class":115},[44,2726,2676],{"class":119},[44,2728,2142],{"class":54},[44,2730,2681],{"class":119},[44,2732,135],{"class":115},[44,2734,2735,2737,2739,2742],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,2736,142],{"class":141},[44,2738,123],{"class":115},[44,2740,2741],{"class":119},"distance",[44,2743,135],{"class":115},[20,2745,155],{},[35,2747,2748],{"className":37,"code":2200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2749,2750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2751,2752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2753,2200],{"class":77},[20,2755,2756],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1474,2758,2760],{"id":2759},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,2762,2764],{"className":37,"code":2763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2765,2766,2778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2767,2768,2771,2773,2775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2769,2770],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,2772,55],{"class":54},[44,2774,2343],{"class":54},[44,2776,2777],{"class":77},"6\n",[44,2779,2780,2782,2784,2786,2788,2791],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2781,142],{"class":141},[44,2783,123],{"class":115},[44,2785,2137],{"class":141},[44,2787,123],{"class":115},[44,2789,2790],{"class":119},"temperature_change",[44,2792,567],{"class":115},[20,2794,155],{},[35,2796,2797],{"className":37,"code":2777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2798,2799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2800,2801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2802,2777],{"class":77},[20,2804,2805],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1474,2807,2809],{"id":2808},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2811,2812,2813,2424],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2814,2103],{},[35,2816,2818],{"className":37,"code":2817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2819,2820,2832,2848,2852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2821,2822,2825,2827,2829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2823,2824],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,2826,55],{"class":54},[44,2828,2343],{"class":54},[44,2830,2831],{"class":77},"25\n",[44,2833,2834,2837,2839,2841,2843,2846],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2835,2836],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,2838,55],{"class":54},[44,2840,2356],{"class":141},[44,2842,123],{"class":115},[44,2844,2845],{"class":119},"balance_change",[44,2847,135],{"class":115},[44,2849,2850],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,2851,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,2853,2854,2856,2858,2861],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,2855,142],{"class":141},[44,2857,123],{"class":115},[44,2859,2860],{"class":119},"safe_value",[44,2862,135],{"class":115},[20,2864,155],{},[35,2866,2867],{"className":37,"code":2831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2868,2869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2870,2871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2872,2831],{"class":77},[1474,2874,2876],{"id":2875},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,2878,2880],{"className":37,"code":2879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2881,2882,2892,2902,2906,2926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2883,2884,2887,2889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2885,2886],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,2888,55],{"class":54},[44,2890,2891],{"class":77}," 42\n",[44,2893,2894,2897,2899],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,2895,2896],{"class":50},"target ",[44,2898,55],{"class":54},[44,2900,2901],{"class":77}," 50\n",[44,2903,2904],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,2905,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,2907,2908,2911,2913,2915,2917,2919,2921,2924],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,2909,2910],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,2912,55],{"class":54},[44,2914,2356],{"class":141},[44,2916,123],{"class":115},[44,2918,2886],{"class":119},[44,2920,2142],{"class":54},[44,2922,2923],{"class":119}," target",[44,2925,135],{"class":115},[44,2927,2928,2930,2932,2935],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,2929,142],{"class":141},[44,2931,123],{"class":115},[44,2933,2934],{"class":119},"difference",[44,2936,135],{"class":115},[20,2938,155],{},[35,2940,2941],{"className":37,"code":2502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2942,2943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2944,2945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2946,2502],{"class":77},[20,2948,2949],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[30,2951,1467],{"id":1466},[1474,2953,2955],{"id":2954},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2957,2958],{},"This causes an error:",[35,2960,2962],{"className":37,"code":2961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2963,2964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2965,2966,2968,2970,2972,2974,2976,2978,2980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2967,142],{"class":141},[44,2969,123],{"class":115},[44,2971,2137],{"class":141},[44,2973,123],{"class":115},[44,2975,112],{"class":58},[44,2977,2257],{"class":62},[44,2979,112],{"class":58},[44,2981,567],{"class":115},[20,2983,2984,2987,2988,2990],{},[15,2985,2986],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2989,2103],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2992,2993,2994,3000,3001,790],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[200,2995,2997],{"href":2996},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2998,2999],{},"int()"," or ",[200,3002,3004],{"href":3003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,3005,3006],{},"float()",[35,3008,3010],{"className":37,"code":3009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3011,3012,3035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3013,3014,3016,3018,3020,3022,3024,3026,3028,3030,3032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3015,142],{"class":141},[44,3017,123],{"class":115},[44,3019,2137],{"class":141},[44,3021,123],{"class":115},[44,3023,2309],{"class":1296},[44,3025,123],{"class":115},[44,3027,112],{"class":58},[44,3029,2257],{"class":62},[44,3031,112],{"class":58},[44,3033,3034],{"class":115},")))\n",[44,3036,3037,3039,3041,3043,3045,3047,3049,3051,3054,3056],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3038,142],{"class":141},[44,3040,123],{"class":115},[44,3042,2137],{"class":141},[44,3044,123],{"class":115},[44,3046,2313],{"class":1296},[44,3048,123],{"class":115},[44,3050,112],{"class":58},[44,3052,3053],{"class":62},"-3.2",[44,3055,112],{"class":58},[44,3057,3034],{"class":115},[20,3059,155],{},[35,3061,3063],{"className":37,"code":3062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3064,3065,3070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3066,3067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3068,3069],{"class":77},"5\n",[44,3071,3072],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3073,3074],{"class":77},"3.2\n",[20,3076,3077,3078,3081,3082,116],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3079,3080],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[200,3083,3085],{"href":3084},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1474,3087,3089],{"id":3088},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3091,3092],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,3094,3096],{"className":37,"code":3095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3097,3098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3099,3100,3102,3104,3106,3109,3112,3114,3117,3119,3121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3101,142],{"class":141},[44,3103,123],{"class":115},[44,3105,2137],{"class":141},[44,3107,3108],{"class":115},"([",[44,3110,3111],{"class":77},"1",[44,3113,129],{"class":115},[44,3115,3116],{"class":77}," 2",[44,3118,129],{"class":115},[44,3120,2573],{"class":77},[44,3122,3123],{"class":115},"]))\n",[20,3125,3126,3127,3130],{},"This raises a ",[15,3128,3129],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1474,3132,3134],{"id":3133},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3136,3137,3139],{},[15,3138,2103],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,3141,3143],{"className":37,"code":3142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3144,3145,3157,3167,3171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3146,3147,3150,3152,3154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3148,3149],{"class":50},"x ",[44,3151,55],{"class":54},[44,3153,2343],{"class":54},[44,3155,3156],{"class":77},"9\n",[44,3158,3159,3161,3163,3165],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3160,2137],{"class":141},[44,3162,123],{"class":115},[44,3164,2294],{"class":119},[44,3166,135],{"class":115},[44,3168,3169],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,3170,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,3172,3173,3175,3177,3179],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,3174,142],{"class":141},[44,3176,123],{"class":115},[44,3178,2294],{"class":119},[44,3180,135],{"class":115},[20,3182,155],{},[35,3184,3186],{"className":37,"code":3185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,3187,3188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3189,3190,3192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3191,2142],{"class":54},[44,3193,3156],{"class":77},[20,3195,3196],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,3198,3200],{"className":37,"code":3199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3201,3202,3212,3226,3230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3203,3204,3206,3208,3210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3205,3149],{"class":50},[44,3207,55],{"class":54},[44,3209,2343],{"class":54},[44,3211,3156],{"class":77},[44,3213,3214,3216,3218,3220,3222,3224],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3215,3149],{"class":50},[44,3217,55],{"class":54},[44,3219,2356],{"class":141},[44,3221,123],{"class":115},[44,3223,2294],{"class":119},[44,3225,135],{"class":115},[44,3227,3228],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,3229,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,3231,3232,3234,3236,3238],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,3233,142],{"class":141},[44,3235,123],{"class":115},[44,3237,2294],{"class":119},[44,3239,135],{"class":115},[20,3241,155],{},[35,3243,3244],{"className":37,"code":3156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3245,3246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3247,3248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3249,3156],{"class":77},[1474,3251,3253],{"id":3252},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3255,3256,3258],{},[15,3257,2103],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,3260,3262],{"className":37,"code":3261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3263,3264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3265,3266,3268,3270,3272,3274,3276,3279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3267,142],{"class":141},[44,3269,123],{"class":115},[44,3271,2137],{"class":141},[44,3273,123],{"class":115},[44,3275,2142],{"class":54},[44,3277,3278],{"class":77},"4.7",[44,3280,567],{"class":115},[20,3282,155],{},[35,3284,3286],{"className":37,"code":3285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,3287,3288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3289,3290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3291,3285],{"class":77},[20,3293,3294,3295,3297,3298,3300],{},"If you expected ",[15,3296,2257],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3299,2103],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[30,3302,3304],{"id":3303},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3306,3307,3309],{},[15,3308,2103],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[218,3311,3312,3319,3326],{},[221,3313,3314,3316,3317],{},[15,3315,2309],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3318,2309],{},[221,3320,3321,3323,3324],{},[15,3322,2313],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3325,2313],{},[221,3327,3328,3323,3330],{},[15,3329,2317],{},[15,3331,2313],{},[20,3333,238],{},[35,3335,3337],{"className":37,"code":3336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3338,3339,3359,3380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3340,3341,3343,3345,3347,3349,3351,3353,3355,3357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3342,142],{"class":141},[44,3344,123],{"class":115},[44,3346,1297],{"class":1296},[44,3348,123],{"class":115},[44,3350,2137],{"class":141},[44,3352,123],{"class":115},[44,3354,2142],{"class":54},[44,3356,2257],{"class":77},[44,3358,3034],{"class":115},[44,3360,3361,3363,3365,3367,3369,3371,3373,3375,3378],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3362,142],{"class":141},[44,3364,123],{"class":115},[44,3366,1297],{"class":1296},[44,3368,123],{"class":115},[44,3370,2137],{"class":141},[44,3372,123],{"class":115},[44,3374,2142],{"class":54},[44,3376,3377],{"class":77},"3.2",[44,3379,3034],{"class":115},[44,3381,3382,3384,3386,3388,3390,3392,3394,3396,3398,3400,3402],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,3383,142],{"class":141},[44,3385,123],{"class":115},[44,3387,1297],{"class":1296},[44,3389,123],{"class":115},[44,3391,2137],{"class":141},[44,3393,123],{"class":115},[44,3395,2183],{"class":77},[44,3397,2576],{"class":54},[44,3399,2579],{"class":77},[44,3401,2186],{"class":1075},[44,3403,3034],{"class":115},[20,3405,155],{},[35,3407,3409],{"className":37,"code":3408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3410,3411,3425,3439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3412,3413,3415,3417,3419,3421,3423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3414,1326],{"class":54},[44,3416,1329],{"class":1075},[44,3418,1332],{"class":58},[44,3420,2309],{"class":62},[44,3422,1338],{"class":58},[44,3424,1341],{"class":54},[44,3426,3427,3429,3431,3433,3435,3437],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3428,1326],{"class":54},[44,3430,1329],{"class":1075},[44,3432,1332],{"class":58},[44,3434,2313],{"class":62},[44,3436,1338],{"class":58},[44,3438,1341],{"class":54},[44,3440,3441,3443,3445,3447,3449,3451],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,3442,1326],{"class":54},[44,3444,1329],{"class":1075},[44,3446,1332],{"class":58},[44,3448,2313],{"class":62},[44,3450,1338],{"class":58},[44,3452,1341],{"class":54},[20,3454,3455],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3457,3458],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3460,3461],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,3463,3465],{"className":37,"code":3464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3466,3467,3480,3490,3504,3508,3522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3468,3469,3471,3473,3475,3478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3470,2568],{"class":50},[44,3472,55],{"class":54},[44,3474,59],{"class":58},[44,3476,3477],{"class":62},"-5",[44,3479,66],{"class":58},[44,3481,3482,3484,3486,3488],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3483,142],{"class":141},[44,3485,123],{"class":115},[44,3487,379],{"class":119},[44,3489,135],{"class":115},[44,3491,3492,3494,3496,3498,3500,3502],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,3493,142],{"class":141},[44,3495,123],{"class":115},[44,3497,1297],{"class":1296},[44,3499,123],{"class":115},[44,3501,379],{"class":119},[44,3503,567],{"class":115},[44,3505,3506],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,3507,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,3509,3510,3513,3515,3517,3520],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,3511,3512],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,3514,55],{"class":54},[44,3516,59],{"class":58},[44,3518,3519],{"class":62},"-3.7",[44,3521,66],{"class":58},[44,3523,3525,3527,3529,3531,3533,3535,3537,3540],{"class":46,"line":3524},6,[44,3526,142],{"class":141},[44,3528,123],{"class":115},[44,3530,2137],{"class":141},[44,3532,123],{"class":115},[44,3534,2313],{"class":1296},[44,3536,123],{"class":115},[44,3538,3539],{"class":119},"user_input",[44,3541,3034],{"class":115},[20,3543,155],{},[35,3545,3547],{"className":37,"code":3546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3548,3549,3555,3569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3550,3551,3553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3552,2142],{"class":54},[44,3554,3069],{"class":77},[44,3556,3557,3559,3561,3563,3565,3567],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3558,1326],{"class":54},[44,3560,1329],{"class":1075},[44,3562,1332],{"class":58},[44,3564,1335],{"class":62},[44,3566,1338],{"class":58},[44,3568,1341],{"class":54},[44,3570,3571],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,3572,3573],{"class":77},"3.7\n",[30,3575,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,3577,3579],{"id":3578},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3581,3582],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1474,3584,3586],{"id":3585},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3588,3589],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1474,3591,3593],{"id":3592},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3595,3596],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1474,3598,3600],{"id":3599},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3602,3603,3605,3606,3000,3608,3610,3611,116],{},[15,3604,3080],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3607,2999],{},[15,3609,3006],{}," before using ",[15,3612,2103],{},[1474,3614,3616],{"id":3615},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3618,3619],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[30,3621,2019],{"id":2018},[218,3623,3624,3630,3636,3642,3647],{},[221,3625,3626],{},[200,3627,3628,1017],{"href":2996},[15,3629,2999],{},[221,3631,3632],{},[200,3633,3634,1017],{"href":3003},[15,3635,3006],{},[221,3637,3638],{},[200,3639,3640,1017],{"href":2420},[15,3641,2423],{},[221,3643,3644],{},[200,3645,3646],{"href":3084},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[221,3648,3649],{},[200,3650,2541],{"href":2540},[2048,3652,3653],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":3655},[3656,3657,3658,3659,3660,3661,3667,3673,3674,3681],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":2218,"depth":69,"text":2219},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":2427,"depth":69,"text":2428},{"id":2544,"depth":69,"text":2545},{"id":2649,"depth":69,"text":2650,"children":3662},[3663,3664,3665,3666],{"id":2658,"depth":81,"text":2659},{"id":2759,"depth":81,"text":2760},{"id":2808,"depth":81,"text":2809},{"id":2875,"depth":81,"text":2876},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":3668},[3669,3670,3671,3672],{"id":2954,"depth":81,"text":2955},{"id":3088,"depth":81,"text":3089},{"id":3133,"depth":81,"text":3134},{"id":3252,"depth":81,"text":3253},{"id":3303,"depth":69,"text":3304},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":3675},[3676,3677,3678,3679,3680],{"id":3578,"depth":81,"text":3579},{"id":3585,"depth":81,"text":3586},{"id":3592,"depth":81,"text":3593},{"id":3599,"depth":81,"text":3600},{"id":3615,"depth":81,"text":3616},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2093,"description":3682},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3689,"title":3690,"body":3691,"description":5404,"extension":2084,"meta":5405,"navigation":84,"path":5406,"seo":5407,"stem":5408,"__hash__":5409},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3692,"toc":5368},[3693,3700,3706,3709,3726,3730,3789,3799,3806,3810,3829,3832,3849,3852,3856,3864,3881,3884,3923,3926,3933,3939,4016,4018,4050,4056,4060,4064,4103,4105,4114,4121,4125,4164,4166,4175,4185,4189,4245,4247,4255,4258,4261,4308,4310,4318,4324,4331,4336,4339,4342,4409,4411,4419,4422,4489,4491,4499,4513,4516,4527,4531,4537,4540,4542,4558,4560,4568,4571,4574,4577,4594,4597,4600,4630,4632,4645,4649,4653,4656,4671,4676,4679,4706,4713,4716,4756,4763,4769,4777,4780,4832,4838,4903,4908,4917,4920,4938,4944,4947,5089,5095,5100,5103,5114,5117,5173,5175,5183,5186,5245,5247,5255,5258,5269,5271,5278,5287,5296,5299,5306,5309,5318,5331,5333,5365],[10,3694,1013,3696,3699],{"id":3695},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3697,3698],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3701,3702,3703,3705],{},"Python’s ",[15,3704,3698],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3707,3708],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[218,3710,3711,3714,3717],{},[221,3712,3713],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[221,3715,3716],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[221,3718,3719,2518,3722,3725],{},[15,3720,3721],{},"all([])",[15,3723,3724],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[30,3727,3729],{"id":3728},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,3731,3733],{"className":37,"code":3732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3734,3735,3758,3774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3736,3737,3740,3742,3745,3747,3749,3751,3753,3755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3738,3739],{"class":50},"numbers ",[44,3741,55],{"class":54},[44,3743,3744],{"class":115}," [",[44,3746,3111],{"class":77},[44,3748,129],{"class":115},[44,3750,3116],{"class":77},[44,3752,129],{"class":115},[44,3754,2573],{"class":77},[44,3756,3757],{"class":115},"]\n",[44,3759,3760,3762,3764,3767,3769,3772],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3761,2351],{"class":50},[44,3763,55],{"class":54},[44,3765,3766],{"class":141}," all",[44,3768,123],{"class":115},[44,3770,3771],{"class":119},"numbers",[44,3773,135],{"class":115},[44,3775,3776,3778,3780,3782,3785],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,3777,142],{"class":141},[44,3779,123],{"class":115},[44,3781,2386],{"class":119},[44,3783,3784],{"class":115},")",[44,3786,3788],{"class":3787},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3790,3791,2518,3793,3795,3796,116],{},[15,3792,3698],{},[15,3794,3724],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3797,3798],{},"False",[30,3800,3802,3803,3805],{"id":3801},"what-all-does","What ",[15,3804,3698],{}," does",[20,3807,3808,790],{},[15,3809,3698],{},[218,3811,3812,3815,3821,3826],{},[221,3813,3814],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[221,3816,3817,3818,3820],{},"returns ",[15,3819,3724],{}," if all items are truthy",[221,3822,3817,3823,3825],{},[15,3824,3798],{}," if any item is falsy",[221,3827,3828],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3830,3831],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,3833,3835],{"className":37,"code":3834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3836,3837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3838,3839,3842,3844,3847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3840,3841],{"class":141},"all",[44,3843,123],{"class":115},[44,3845,3846],{"class":119},"iterable",[44,3848,135],{"class":115},[20,3850,3851],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[30,3853,3855],{"id":3854},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3857,3858,3859,3000,3861,3863],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3860,3724],{},[15,3862,3798],{}," in conditions.",[218,3865,3866,3874],{},[221,3867,3868,3871,3872],{},[153,3869,3870],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3873,3724],{},[221,3875,3876,3871,3879],{},[153,3877,3878],{},"Falsy",[15,3880,3798],{},[20,3882,3883],{},"Common falsy values include:",[218,3885,3886,3890,3895,3900,3905,3909,3914,3918],{},[221,3887,3888],{},[15,3889,2240],{},[221,3891,3892],{},[15,3893,3894],{},"0.0",[221,3896,3897],{},[15,3898,3899],{},"''",[221,3901,3902],{},[15,3903,3904],{},"None",[221,3906,3907],{},[15,3908,3798],{},[221,3910,3911],{},[15,3912,3913],{},"[]",[221,3915,3916],{},[15,3917,101],{},[221,3919,3920],{},[15,3921,3922],{},"set()",[20,3924,3925],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3927,3928,3929,116],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[200,3930,3932],{"href":3931},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3934,3935,3936,790],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3937,3938],{},"bool()",[35,3940,3942],{"className":37,"code":3941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3943,3944,3982,3986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3945,3946,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957,3960,3962,3965,3967,3969,3972,3974,3976,3980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3947,3948],{"class":50},"values ",[44,3950,55],{"class":54},[44,3952,3744],{"class":115},[44,3954,3111],{"class":77},[44,3956,129],{"class":115},[44,3958,3959],{"class":77}," 0",[44,3961,129],{"class":115},[44,3963,3964],{"class":58}," ''",[44,3966,129],{"class":115},[44,3968,1332],{"class":58},[44,3970,3971],{"class":62},"hello",[44,3973,1338],{"class":58},[44,3975,129],{"class":115},[44,3977,3979],{"class":3978},"s39Yj"," None",[44,3981,3757],{"class":115},[44,3983,3984],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,3985,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,3987,3988,3990,3992,3995,3997,3999,4001,4005,4008,4010,4013],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,3989,142],{"class":141},[44,3991,3108],{"class":115},[44,3993,3994],{"class":1296},"bool",[44,3996,123],{"class":115},[44,3998,2294],{"class":119},[44,4000,3784],{"class":115},[44,4002,4004],{"class":4003},"sVHd0"," for",[44,4006,4007],{"class":119}," x ",[44,4009,887],{"class":4003},[44,4011,4012],{"class":119}," values",[44,4014,4015],{"class":115},"])\n",[20,4017,155],{},[35,4019,4021],{"className":37,"code":4020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,4022,4023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4024,4025,4028,4030,4032,4035,4037,4039,4041,4044,4046,4048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4026,4027],{"class":115},"[",[44,4029,3724],{"class":3978},[44,4031,129],{"class":115},[44,4033,4034],{"class":3978}," False",[44,4036,129],{"class":115},[44,4038,4034],{"class":3978},[44,4040,129],{"class":115},[44,4042,4043],{"class":3978}," True",[44,4045,129],{"class":115},[44,4047,4034],{"class":3978},[44,4049,3757],{"class":115},[20,4051,4052,4053,4055],{},"This matters because ",[15,4054,3698],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[30,4057,4059],{"id":4058},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1474,4061,4063],{"id":4062},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,4065,4067],{"className":37,"code":4066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4068,4069,4089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4070,4071,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083,4085,4087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4072,3739],{"class":50},[44,4074,55],{"class":54},[44,4076,3744],{"class":115},[44,4078,3111],{"class":77},[44,4080,129],{"class":115},[44,4082,3116],{"class":77},[44,4084,129],{"class":115},[44,4086,2573],{"class":77},[44,4088,3757],{"class":115},[44,4090,4091,4093,4095,4097,4099,4101],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4092,142],{"class":141},[44,4094,123],{"class":115},[44,4096,3841],{"class":141},[44,4098,123],{"class":115},[44,4100,3771],{"class":119},[44,4102,567],{"class":115},[20,4104,155],{},[35,4106,4108],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,4109,4110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4111,4112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4113,4107],{"class":3978},[20,4115,4116,4117,2518,4119,116],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4118,3698],{},[15,4120,3724],{},[1474,4122,4124],{"id":4123},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,4126,4128],{"className":37,"code":4127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4129,4130,4150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4131,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4133,3739],{"class":50},[44,4135,55],{"class":54},[44,4137,3744],{"class":115},[44,4139,3111],{"class":77},[44,4141,129],{"class":115},[44,4143,3959],{"class":77},[44,4145,129],{"class":115},[44,4147,2573],{"class":77},[44,4149,3757],{"class":115},[44,4151,4152,4154,4156,4158,4160,4162],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4153,142],{"class":141},[44,4155,123],{"class":115},[44,4157,3841],{"class":141},[44,4159,123],{"class":115},[44,4161,3771],{"class":119},[44,4163,567],{"class":115},[20,4165,155],{},[35,4167,4169],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,4170,4171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4172,4173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4174,4168],{"class":3978},[20,4176,4177,4178,4180,4181,2518,4183,116],{},"The value ",[15,4179,2240],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4182,3698],{},[15,4184,3798],{},[1474,4186,4188],{"id":4187},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,4190,4192],{"className":37,"code":4191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4193,4194,4230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4195,4196,4199,4201,4203,4205,4208,4210,4212,4214,4217,4219,4221,4223,4226,4228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4197,4198],{"class":50},"words ",[44,4200,55],{"class":54},[44,4202,3744],{"class":115},[44,4204,1338],{"class":58},[44,4206,4207],{"class":62},"apple",[44,4209,1338],{"class":58},[44,4211,129],{"class":115},[44,4213,1332],{"class":58},[44,4215,4216],{"class":62},"banana",[44,4218,1338],{"class":58},[44,4220,129],{"class":115},[44,4222,1332],{"class":58},[44,4224,4225],{"class":62},"cherry",[44,4227,1338],{"class":58},[44,4229,3757],{"class":115},[44,4231,4232,4234,4236,4238,4240,4243],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4233,142],{"class":141},[44,4235,123],{"class":115},[44,4237,3841],{"class":141},[44,4239,123],{"class":115},[44,4241,4242],{"class":119},"words",[44,4244,567],{"class":115},[20,4246,155],{},[35,4248,4249],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4250,4251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4252,4253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4254,4107],{"class":3978},[20,4256,4257],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4259,4260],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,4262,4264],{"className":37,"code":4263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4265,4266,4294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4267,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4269,4198],{"class":50},[44,4271,55],{"class":54},[44,4273,3744],{"class":115},[44,4275,1338],{"class":58},[44,4277,4207],{"class":62},[44,4279,1338],{"class":58},[44,4281,129],{"class":115},[44,4283,3964],{"class":58},[44,4285,129],{"class":115},[44,4287,1332],{"class":58},[44,4289,4225],{"class":62},[44,4291,1338],{"class":58},[44,4293,3757],{"class":115},[44,4295,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304,4306],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4297,142],{"class":141},[44,4299,123],{"class":115},[44,4301,3841],{"class":141},[44,4303,123],{"class":115},[44,4305,4242],{"class":119},[44,4307,567],{"class":115},[20,4309,155],{},[35,4311,4312],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4313,4314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4315,4316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4317,4168],{"class":3978},[20,4319,4320,4321,4323],{},"The empty string ",[15,4322,3899],{}," is falsy.",[30,4325,4327,4328,4330],{"id":4326},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4329,3698],{}," works with conditions",[20,4332,4333,4335],{},[15,4334,3698],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4337,4338],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4340,4341],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,4343,4345],{"className":37,"code":4344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4346,4347,4367,4395,4399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4348,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359,4361,4363,4365],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4350,3739],{"class":50},[44,4352,55],{"class":54},[44,4354,3744],{"class":115},[44,4356,3111],{"class":77},[44,4358,129],{"class":115},[44,4360,3116],{"class":77},[44,4362,129],{"class":115},[44,4364,2573],{"class":77},[44,4366,3757],{"class":115},[44,4368,4369,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4382,4384,4386,4388,4390,4393],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4370,2351],{"class":50},[44,4372,55],{"class":54},[44,4374,3766],{"class":141},[44,4376,123],{"class":115},[44,4378,3149],{"class":119},[44,4380,4381],{"class":54},">",[44,4383,3959],{"class":77},[44,4385,4004],{"class":4003},[44,4387,4007],{"class":119},[44,4389,887],{"class":4003},[44,4391,4392],{"class":119}," numbers",[44,4394,135],{"class":115},[44,4396,4397],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,4398,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,4400,4401,4403,4405,4407],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,4402,142],{"class":141},[44,4404,123],{"class":115},[44,4406,2386],{"class":119},[44,4408,135],{"class":115},[20,4410,155],{},[35,4412,4413],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4414,4415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4416,4417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4418,4107],{"class":3978},[20,4420,4421],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,4423,4425],{"className":37,"code":4424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4426,4427,4449,4475,4479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4428,4429,4431,4433,4435,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4430,3739],{"class":50},[44,4432,55],{"class":54},[44,4434,3744],{"class":115},[44,4436,3111],{"class":77},[44,4438,129],{"class":115},[44,4440,2343],{"class":54},[44,4442,2177],{"class":77},[44,4444,129],{"class":115},[44,4446,2573],{"class":77},[44,4448,3757],{"class":115},[44,4450,4451,4453,4455,4457,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4452,2351],{"class":50},[44,4454,55],{"class":54},[44,4456,3766],{"class":141},[44,4458,123],{"class":115},[44,4460,3149],{"class":119},[44,4462,4381],{"class":54},[44,4464,3959],{"class":77},[44,4466,4004],{"class":4003},[44,4468,4007],{"class":119},[44,4470,887],{"class":4003},[44,4472,4392],{"class":119},[44,4474,135],{"class":115},[44,4476,4477],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,4478,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,4480,4481,4483,4485,4487],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,4482,142],{"class":141},[44,4484,123],{"class":115},[44,4486,2386],{"class":119},[44,4488,135],{"class":115},[20,4490,155],{},[35,4492,4493],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4494,4495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4496,4497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4498,4168],{"class":3978},[20,4500,4501,4502,4505,4506,4508,4509,2518,4511,116],{},"The expression ",[15,4503,4504],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4507,3724],{},", then ",[15,4510,3698],{},[15,4512,3724],{},[20,4514,4515],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4517,4518,4519,536,4523,116],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[200,4520,4522],{"href":4521},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[200,4524,4526],{"href":4525},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[30,4528,4530],{"id":4529},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4532,4533,2518,4535,116],{},[15,4534,3721],{},[15,4536,3724],{},[20,4538,4539],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4541,238],{},[35,4543,4545],{"className":37,"code":4544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4546,4547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4548,4549,4551,4553,4555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4550,142],{"class":141},[44,4552,123],{"class":115},[44,4554,3841],{"class":141},[44,4556,4557],{"class":115},"([]))\n",[20,4559,155],{},[35,4561,4562],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4563,4564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4565,4566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4567,4107],{"class":3978},[20,4569,4570],{},"Why?",[20,4572,4573],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4575,4576],{},"Think of it this way:",[218,4578,4579,4586,4589],{},[221,4580,4581,2518,4583,4585],{},[15,4582,3698],{},[15,4584,3798],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[221,4587,4588],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[221,4590,4591,4592],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4593,3798],{},[20,4595,4596],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4598,4599],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,4601,4603],{"className":37,"code":4602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4604,4605,4616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4606,4607,4609,4611,4613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4608,142],{"class":141},[44,4610,123],{"class":115},[44,4612,3841],{"class":141},[44,4614,4615],{"class":115},"(()))\n",[44,4617,4618,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4619,142],{"class":141},[44,4621,123],{"class":115},[44,4623,3841],{"class":141},[44,4625,123],{"class":115},[44,4627,3899],{"class":58},[44,4629,567],{"class":115},[20,4631,155],{},[35,4633,4635],{"className":37,"code":4634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4636,4637,4641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4638,4639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4640,4107],{"class":3978},[44,4642,4643],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4644,4107],{"class":3978},[30,4646,4648],{"id":4647},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1474,4650,4652],{"id":4651},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4654,4655],{},"This is wrong:",[35,4657,4659],{"className":37,"code":4658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4660,4661,4666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4662,4663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4664,4665],{"class":3787},"# Wrong\n",[44,4667,4668],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4669,4670],{"class":3787},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4672,4673,4675],{},[15,4674,3698],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4677,4678],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,4680,4682],{"className":37,"code":4681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4683,4684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4685,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4696,4698,4700,4702,4704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4687,142],{"class":141},[44,4689,123],{"class":115},[44,4691,3841],{"class":141},[44,4693,3108],{"class":115},[44,4695,3111],{"class":77},[44,4697,129],{"class":115},[44,4699,3116],{"class":77},[44,4701,129],{"class":115},[44,4703,2573],{"class":77},[44,4705,3123],{"class":115},[1474,4707,4709,4710,4712],{"id":4708},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4711,3698],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4714,4715],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,4717,4719],{"className":37,"code":4718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4720,4721,4742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4722,4723,4725,4727,4729,4731,4733,4736,4738,4740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4724,3739],{"class":50},[44,4726,55],{"class":54},[44,4728,3744],{"class":115},[44,4730,2257],{"class":77},[44,4732,129],{"class":115},[44,4734,4735],{"class":77}," 5",[44,4737,129],{"class":115},[44,4739,4735],{"class":77},[44,4741,3757],{"class":115},[44,4743,4744,4746,4748,4750,4752,4754],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4745,142],{"class":141},[44,4747,123],{"class":115},[44,4749,3841],{"class":141},[44,4751,123],{"class":115},[44,4753,3771],{"class":119},[44,4755,567],{"class":115},[20,4757,4758,4759,4762],{},"This does ",[153,4760,4761],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4764,4765,4766,4768],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4767,2257],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,4770,4771],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4772,4773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4774,4775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4776,4107],{"class":3978},[20,4778,4779],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,4781,4783],{"className":37,"code":4782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4784,4785,4805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4786,4787,4789,4791,4793,4795,4797,4799,4801,4803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4788,3739],{"class":50},[44,4790,55],{"class":54},[44,4792,3744],{"class":115},[44,4794,2257],{"class":77},[44,4796,129],{"class":115},[44,4798,4735],{"class":77},[44,4800,129],{"class":115},[44,4802,4735],{"class":77},[44,4804,3757],{"class":115},[44,4806,4807,4809,4811,4813,4815,4817,4820,4822,4824,4826,4828,4830],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4808,142],{"class":141},[44,4810,123],{"class":115},[44,4812,3841],{"class":141},[44,4814,123],{"class":115},[44,4816,3149],{"class":119},[44,4818,4819],{"class":54},"==",[44,4821,4735],{"class":77},[44,4823,4004],{"class":4003},[44,4825,4007],{"class":119},[44,4827,887],{"class":4003},[44,4829,4392],{"class":119},[44,4831,567],{"class":115},[1474,4833,1838,4835,4837],{"id":4834},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy",[15,4836,2240],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,4839,4841],{"className":37,"code":4840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4842,4843,4869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4844,4845,4847,4849,4851,4853,4855,4857,4859,4861,4863,4866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4846,142],{"class":141},[44,4848,123],{"class":115},[44,4850,3841],{"class":141},[44,4852,3108],{"class":115},[44,4854,3111],{"class":77},[44,4856,129],{"class":115},[44,4858,3116],{"class":77},[44,4860,129],{"class":115},[44,4862,3959],{"class":77},[44,4864,4865],{"class":115},"]))",[44,4867,4868],{"class":3787},"       # False\n",[44,4870,4871,4873,4875,4877,4879,4881,4883,4885,4887,4889,4892,4894,4896,4898,4900],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4872,142],{"class":141},[44,4874,123],{"class":115},[44,4876,3841],{"class":141},[44,4878,3108],{"class":115},[44,4880,1338],{"class":58},[44,4882,200],{"class":62},[44,4884,1338],{"class":58},[44,4886,129],{"class":115},[44,4888,1332],{"class":58},[44,4890,4891],{"class":62},"b",[44,4893,1338],{"class":58},[44,4895,129],{"class":115},[44,4897,3964],{"class":58},[44,4899,4865],{"class":115},[44,4901,4902],{"class":3787},"  # False\n",[20,4904,4905,4906,116],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4907,3798],{},[1474,4909,4911,4912,4914,4915],{"id":4910},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4913,3721],{}," is ",[15,4916,3724],{},[20,4918,4919],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,4921,4923],{"className":37,"code":4922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4924,4925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4926,4927,4929,4931,4933,4936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4928,142],{"class":141},[44,4930,123],{"class":115},[44,4932,3841],{"class":141},[44,4934,4935],{"class":115},"([]))",[44,4937,3788],{"class":3787},[20,4939,4940,4941,4943],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4942,3724],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4945,4946],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,4948,4950],{"className":37,"code":4949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4951,4952,4974,4996,5043,5079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4953,4954,4956,4958,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4955,142],{"class":141},[44,4957,123],{"class":115},[44,4959,3841],{"class":141},[44,4961,3108],{"class":115},[44,4963,3111],{"class":77},[44,4965,129],{"class":115},[44,4967,3116],{"class":77},[44,4969,129],{"class":115},[44,4971,2573],{"class":77},[44,4973,3123],{"class":115},[44,4975,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992,4994],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,4977,142],{"class":141},[44,4979,123],{"class":115},[44,4981,3841],{"class":141},[44,4983,3108],{"class":115},[44,4985,3111],{"class":77},[44,4987,129],{"class":115},[44,4989,3959],{"class":77},[44,4991,129],{"class":115},[44,4993,2573],{"class":77},[44,4995,3123],{"class":115},[44,4997,4998,5000,5002,5004,5006,5008,5010,5012,5014,5016,5018,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030,5032,5034,5036,5038,5040],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,4999,142],{"class":141},[44,5001,3108],{"class":115},[44,5003,3994],{"class":1296},[44,5005,123],{"class":115},[44,5007,2294],{"class":119},[44,5009,3784],{"class":115},[44,5011,4004],{"class":4003},[44,5013,4007],{"class":119},[44,5015,887],{"class":4003},[44,5017,3744],{"class":115},[44,5019,3111],{"class":77},[44,5021,129],{"class":115},[44,5023,3959],{"class":77},[44,5025,129],{"class":115},[44,5027,3964],{"class":58},[44,5029,129],{"class":115},[44,5031,1332],{"class":58},[44,5033,3971],{"class":62},[44,5035,1338],{"class":58},[44,5037,129],{"class":115},[44,5039,3979],{"class":3978},[44,5041,5042],{"class":115},"]])\n",[44,5044,5045,5047,5049,5051,5053,5055,5057,5059,5061,5063,5065,5067,5069,5071,5073,5075,5077],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,5046,142],{"class":141},[44,5048,123],{"class":115},[44,5050,3841],{"class":141},[44,5052,123],{"class":115},[44,5054,3149],{"class":119},[44,5056,4381],{"class":54},[44,5058,3959],{"class":77},[44,5060,4004],{"class":4003},[44,5062,4007],{"class":119},[44,5064,887],{"class":4003},[44,5066,3744],{"class":115},[44,5068,3111],{"class":77},[44,5070,129],{"class":115},[44,5072,3116],{"class":77},[44,5074,129],{"class":115},[44,5076,2573],{"class":77},[44,5078,3123],{"class":115},[44,5080,5081,5083,5085,5087],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,5082,142],{"class":141},[44,5084,123],{"class":115},[44,5086,3841],{"class":141},[44,5088,4557],{"class":115},[30,5090,5092,5093],{"id":5091},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5094,3698],{},[20,5096,5097,5099],{},[15,5098,3698],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5101,5102],{},"Common use cases:",[218,5104,5105,5108,5111],{},[221,5106,5107],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[221,5109,5110],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[221,5112,5113],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5115,5116],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,5118,5120],{"className":37,"code":5119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5121,5122,5158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5123,5124,5127,5129,5131,5133,5136,5138,5140,5142,5145,5147,5149,5151,5154,5156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5125,5126],{"class":50},"names ",[44,5128,55],{"class":54},[44,5130,3744],{"class":115},[44,5132,1338],{"class":58},[44,5134,5135],{"class":62},"Alice",[44,5137,1338],{"class":58},[44,5139,129],{"class":115},[44,5141,1332],{"class":58},[44,5143,5144],{"class":62},"Bob",[44,5146,1338],{"class":58},[44,5148,129],{"class":115},[44,5150,1332],{"class":58},[44,5152,5153],{"class":62},"Charlie",[44,5155,1338],{"class":58},[44,5157,3757],{"class":115},[44,5159,5160,5162,5164,5166,5168,5171],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5161,142],{"class":141},[44,5163,123],{"class":115},[44,5165,3841],{"class":141},[44,5167,123],{"class":115},[44,5169,5170],{"class":119},"names",[44,5172,567],{"class":115},[20,5174,155],{},[35,5176,5177],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5178,5179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5180,5181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5182,4107],{"class":3978},[20,5184,5185],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,5187,5189],{"className":37,"code":5188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5190,5191,5215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5192,5193,5196,5198,5200,5203,5205,5208,5210,5213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5194,5195],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,5197,55],{"class":54},[44,5199,3744],{"class":115},[44,5201,5202],{"class":77},"75",[44,5204,129],{"class":115},[44,5206,5207],{"class":77}," 80",[44,5209,129],{"class":115},[44,5211,5212],{"class":77}," 50",[44,5214,3757],{"class":115},[44,5216,5217,5219,5221,5223,5225,5228,5231,5233,5235,5238,5240,5243],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5218,142],{"class":141},[44,5220,123],{"class":115},[44,5222,3841],{"class":141},[44,5224,123],{"class":115},[44,5226,5227],{"class":119},"score ",[44,5229,5230],{"class":54},">=",[44,5232,5212],{"class":77},[44,5234,4004],{"class":4003},[44,5236,5237],{"class":119}," score ",[44,5239,887],{"class":4003},[44,5241,5242],{"class":119}," scores",[44,5244,567],{"class":115},[20,5246,155],{},[35,5248,5249],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5250,5251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5252,5253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5254,4107],{"class":3978},[20,5256,5257],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5259,5260,5261,536,5265,116],{},"For related tasks, see ",[200,5262,5264],{"href":5263},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[200,5266,5268],{"href":5267},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,5270,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,5272,5274,5275,5277],{"id":5273},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,5276,3698],{}," return in Python?",[20,5279,5280,5281,5283,5284,5286],{},"It returns ",[15,5282,3724],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5285,3798],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1474,5288,5290,5291,5293,5294,1995],{"id":5289},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,5292,3721],{}," return ",[15,5295,3724],{},[20,5297,5298],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1474,5300,5302,5303,5305],{"id":5301},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,5304,3698],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5307,5308],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1474,5310,5312,5313,536,5315,1995],{"id":5311},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5314,3698],{},[15,5316,5317],{},"any()",[20,5319,5320,5322,5323,5325,5326,116],{},[15,5321,3698],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5324,5317],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[200,5327,1013,5329,1017],{"href":5328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5330,5317],{},[30,5332,2019],{"id":2018},[218,5334,5335,5341,5345,5350,5355,5360],{},[221,5336,5337],{},[200,5338,1013,5339,1017],{"href":5328},[15,5340,5317],{},[221,5342,5343],{},[200,5344,3932],{"href":3931},[221,5346,5347],{},[200,5348,5349],{"href":5267},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[221,5351,5352],{},[200,5353,5354],{"href":5263},"How to filter a list in Python",[221,5356,5357],{},[200,5358,5359],{"href":4521},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[221,5361,5362],{},[200,5363,5364],{"href":4525},"What is an iterable in Python",[2048,5366,5367],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":5369},[5370,5371,5373,5374,5379,5381,5382,5391,5393,5403],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":3801,"depth":69,"text":5372},"What all() does",{"id":3854,"depth":69,"text":3855},{"id":4058,"depth":69,"text":4059,"children":5375},[5376,5377,5378],{"id":4062,"depth":81,"text":4063},{"id":4123,"depth":81,"text":4124},{"id":4187,"depth":81,"text":4188},{"id":4326,"depth":69,"text":5380},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4529,"depth":69,"text":4530},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":5383},[5384,5385,5387,5389],{"id":4651,"depth":81,"text":4652},{"id":4708,"depth":81,"text":5386},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4834,"depth":81,"text":5388},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4910,"depth":81,"text":5390},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5091,"depth":69,"text":5392},"When to use all()",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":5394},[5395,5397,5399,5401],{"id":5273,"depth":81,"text":5396},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5289,"depth":81,"text":5398},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5301,"depth":81,"text":5400},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5311,"depth":81,"text":5402},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3690,"description":5404},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5411,"title":5412,"body":5413,"description":7105,"extension":2084,"meta":7106,"navigation":84,"path":5328,"seo":7107,"stem":7108,"__hash__":7109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5414,"toc":7083},[5415,5418,5426,5429,5446,5454,5498,5507,5511,5516,5519,5536,5539,5550,5562,5566,5569,5584,5589,5592,5604,5607,5692,5695,5716,5722,5724,5732,5746,5748,5782,5784,5787,5848,5850,5867,5870,5897,5899,5907,5919,5923,5926,5965,5967,5975,5977,5993,6001,6004,6047,6049,6057,6062,6066,6074,6077,6104,6107,6110,6184,6186,6194,6201,6225,6236,6239,6318,6320,6328,6335,6339,6344,6359,6361,6369,6372,6378,6381,6427,6429,6446,6450,6455,6466,6469,6584,6587,6646,6652,6654,6659,6663,6665,6684,6690,6693,6712,6716,6724,6751,6753,6761,6769,6773,6779,6802,6804,6812,6819,6823,6826,6877,6880,6931,6934,6936,6940,6947,6951,6958,6962,6970,6974,6977,6999,7001,7051,7053,7080],[10,5416,5412],{"id":5417},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5419,5420,5422,5423,116],{},[15,5421,5317],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[153,5424,5425],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5427,5428],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[218,5430,5431,5434,5437,5440,5443],{},[221,5432,5433],{},"lists",[221,5435,5436],{},"tuples",[221,5438,5439],{},"sets",[221,5441,5442],{},"strings",[221,5444,5445],{},"generator expressions",[20,5447,5448,5449,3000,5451,5453],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5450,3724],{},[15,5452,3798],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,5455,5457],{"className":37,"code":5456,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5458,5459,5479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5460,5461,5463,5465,5467,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5462,3948],{"class":50},[44,5464,55],{"class":54},[44,5466,3744],{"class":115},[44,5468,2240],{"class":77},[44,5470,129],{"class":115},[44,5472,3964],{"class":58},[44,5474,129],{"class":115},[44,5476,4735],{"class":77},[44,5478,3757],{"class":115},[44,5480,5481,5483,5485,5488,5490,5493,5496],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5482,142],{"class":141},[44,5484,123],{"class":115},[44,5486,5487],{"class":141},"any",[44,5489,123],{"class":115},[44,5491,5492],{"class":119},"values",[44,5494,5495],{"class":115},"))",[44,5497,3788],{"class":3787},[20,5499,189,5500,5503,5504,5506],{},[15,5501,5502],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5505,3724],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[30,5508,5510],{"id":5509},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5512,5513,5515],{},[15,5514,5317],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5517,5518],{},"It returns:",[218,5520,5521,5526,5531],{},[221,5522,5523,5525],{},[15,5524,3724],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[221,5527,5528,5530],{},[15,5529,3798],{}," if all items are falsy",[221,5532,5533,5535],{},[15,5534,3798],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5537,5538],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[218,5540,5541,5544,5547],{},[221,5542,5543],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[221,5545,5546],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[221,5548,5549],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5551,5552,5553,5556,5557,116],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[153,5554,5555],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[200,5558,5560],{"href":5559},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5561,3698],{},[30,5563,5565],{"id":5564},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5567,5568],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,5570,5572],{"className":37,"code":5571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5573,5574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5575,5576,5578,5580,5582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5577,5487],{"class":141},[44,5579,123],{"class":115},[44,5581,3846],{"class":119},[44,5583,135],{"class":115},[20,5585,5586,5587,116],{},"The argument must be an ",[153,5588,3846],{},[20,5590,5591],{},"Common inputs include:",[218,5593,5594,5596,5598,5600,5602],{},[221,5595,5433],{},[221,5597,5436],{},[221,5599,5439],{},[221,5601,5442],{},[221,5603,5445],{},[20,5605,5606],{},"For example:",[35,5608,5610],{"className":37,"code":5609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5611,5612,5635,5654,5674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5613,5614,5616,5618,5620,5622,5624,5626,5628,5630,5633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5615,142],{"class":141},[44,5617,123],{"class":115},[44,5619,5487],{"class":141},[44,5621,3108],{"class":115},[44,5623,2240],{"class":77},[44,5625,129],{"class":115},[44,5627,3959],{"class":77},[44,5629,129],{"class":115},[44,5631,5632],{"class":77}," 1",[44,5634,3123],{"class":115},[44,5636,5637,5639,5641,5643,5646,5648,5650,5652],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5638,142],{"class":141},[44,5640,123],{"class":115},[44,5642,5487],{"class":141},[44,5644,5645],{"class":115},"((",[44,5647,3798],{"class":3978},[44,5649,129],{"class":115},[44,5651,4034],{"class":3978},[44,5653,3034],{"class":115},[44,5655,5656,5658,5660,5662,5665,5667,5669,5671],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,5657,142],{"class":141},[44,5659,123],{"class":115},[44,5661,5487],{"class":141},[44,5663,5664],{"class":115},"({",[44,5666,2240],{"class":77},[44,5668,129],{"class":115},[44,5670,3116],{"class":77},[44,5672,5673],{"class":115},"}))\n",[44,5675,5676,5678,5680,5682,5684,5686,5688,5690],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,5677,142],{"class":141},[44,5679,123],{"class":115},[44,5681,5487],{"class":141},[44,5683,123],{"class":115},[44,5685,112],{"class":58},[44,5687,3971],{"class":62},[44,5689,112],{"class":58},[44,5691,567],{"class":115},[20,5693,5694],{},"Expected output:",[35,5696,5698],{"className":37,"code":5697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5699,5700,5704,5708,5712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5701,5702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5703,4107],{"class":3978},[44,5705,5706],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5707,4168],{"class":3978},[44,5709,5710],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,5711,4107],{"class":3978},[44,5713,5714],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,5715,4107],{"class":3978},[20,5717,5718,5719,116],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[200,5720,5268],{"href":5721},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[30,5723,3855],{"id":3854},[20,5725,3858,5726,3000,5729,3863],{},[153,5727,5728],{},"truthy",[153,5730,5731],{},"falsy",[218,5733,5734,5740],{},[221,5735,5736,3871,5738],{},[153,5737,3870],{},[15,5739,3724],{},[221,5741,5742,3871,5744],{},[153,5743,3878],{},[15,5745,3798],{},[20,5747,3883],{},[218,5749,5750,5754,5758,5762,5766,5770,5774,5778],{},[221,5751,5752],{},[15,5753,3798],{},[221,5755,5756],{},[15,5757,2240],{},[221,5759,5760],{},[15,5761,3894],{},[221,5763,5764],{},[15,5765,3899],{},[221,5767,5768],{},[15,5769,3913],{},[221,5771,5772],{},[15,5773,101],{},[221,5775,5776],{},[15,5777,3922],{},[221,5779,5780],{},[15,5781,3904],{},[20,5783,3925],{},[20,5785,5786],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,5788,5790],{"className":37,"code":5789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5791,5792,5806,5824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5793,5794,5796,5798,5800,5802,5804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5795,142],{"class":141},[44,5797,123],{"class":115},[44,5799,5487],{"class":141},[44,5801,3108],{"class":115},[44,5803,3111],{"class":77},[44,5805,3123],{"class":115},[44,5807,5808,5810,5812,5814,5816,5818,5820,5822],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5809,142],{"class":141},[44,5811,123],{"class":115},[44,5813,5487],{"class":141},[44,5815,3108],{"class":115},[44,5817,1338],{"class":58},[44,5819,3971],{"class":62},[44,5821,1338],{"class":58},[44,5823,3123],{"class":115},[44,5825,5826,5828,5830,5832,5835,5837,5839,5841,5843,5845],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,5827,142],{"class":141},[44,5829,123],{"class":115},[44,5831,5487],{"class":141},[44,5833,5834],{"class":115},"([[",[44,5836,3111],{"class":77},[44,5838,129],{"class":115},[44,5840,3116],{"class":77},[44,5842,129],{"class":115},[44,5844,2573],{"class":77},[44,5846,5847],{"class":115},"]]))\n",[20,5849,5694],{},[35,5851,5853],{"className":37,"code":5852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5854,5855,5859,5863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5856,5857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5858,4107],{"class":3978},[44,5860,5861],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5862,4107],{"class":3978},[44,5864,5865],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,5866,4107],{"class":3978},[20,5868,5869],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,5871,5873],{"className":37,"code":5872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5874,5875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5876,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885,5887,5889,5891,5893,5895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5878,142],{"class":141},[44,5880,123],{"class":115},[44,5882,5487],{"class":141},[44,5884,3108],{"class":115},[44,5886,2240],{"class":77},[44,5888,129],{"class":115},[44,5890,3964],{"class":58},[44,5892,129],{"class":115},[44,5894,3979],{"class":3978},[44,5896,3123],{"class":115},[20,5898,5694],{},[35,5900,5901],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5902,5903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5904,5905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5906,4168],{"class":3978},[20,5908,5909,5910,536,5913,116],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[200,5911,3932],{"href":5912},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[200,5914,5916,5918],{"href":5915},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5917,3938],{}," explained",[30,5920,5922],{"id":5921},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5924,5925],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,5927,5929],{"className":37,"code":5928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5930,5931,5951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5932,5933,5935,5937,5939,5941,5943,5945,5947,5949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5934,3948],{"class":50},[44,5936,55],{"class":54},[44,5938,3744],{"class":115},[44,5940,2240],{"class":77},[44,5942,129],{"class":115},[44,5944,3964],{"class":58},[44,5946,129],{"class":115},[44,5948,4735],{"class":77},[44,5950,3757],{"class":115},[44,5952,5953,5955,5957,5959,5961,5963],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,5954,142],{"class":141},[44,5956,123],{"class":115},[44,5958,5487],{"class":141},[44,5960,123],{"class":115},[44,5962,5492],{"class":119},[44,5964,567],{"class":115},[20,5966,155],{},[35,5968,5969],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5970,5971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5972,5973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5974,4107],{"class":3978},[20,5976,4570],{},[218,5978,5979,5984,5988],{},[221,5980,5981,5983],{},[15,5982,2240],{}," is falsy",[221,5985,5986,5983],{},[15,5987,3899],{},[221,5989,5990,5992],{},[15,5991,2257],{}," is truthy",[20,5994,5995,5996,2518,5999,116],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5997,5998],{},"any(values)",[15,6000,3724],{},[20,6002,6003],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,6005,6007],{"className":37,"code":6006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,6008,6009,6033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6010,6011,6013,6015,6017,6019,6021,6023,6025,6027,6029,6031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6012,3948],{"class":50},[44,6014,55],{"class":54},[44,6016,3744],{"class":115},[44,6018,2240],{"class":77},[44,6020,129],{"class":115},[44,6022,3964],{"class":58},[44,6024,129],{"class":115},[44,6026,3979],{"class":3978},[44,6028,129],{"class":115},[44,6030,4034],{"class":3978},[44,6032,3757],{"class":115},[44,6034,6035,6037,6039,6041,6043,6045],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6036,142],{"class":141},[44,6038,123],{"class":115},[44,6040,5487],{"class":141},[44,6042,123],{"class":115},[44,6044,5492],{"class":119},[44,6046,567],{"class":115},[20,6048,155],{},[35,6050,6051],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6052,6053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6054,6055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6056,4168],{"class":3978},[20,6058,6059,6060,116],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6061,3798],{},[30,6063,6065],{"id":6064},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6067,6068,6070,6071,116],{},[15,6069,5317],{}," is often used with a ",[153,6072,6073],{},"generator expression",[20,6075,6076],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,6078,6080],{"className":37,"code":6079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6081,6082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6083,6084,6086,6088,6091,6094,6097,6099,6102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6085,5487],{"class":141},[44,6087,123],{"class":115},[44,6089,6090],{"class":119},"condition ",[44,6092,6093],{"class":4003},"for",[44,6095,6096],{"class":119}," item ",[44,6098,887],{"class":4003},[44,6100,6101],{"class":119}," items",[44,6103,135],{"class":115},[20,6105,6106],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6108,6109],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,6111,6113],{"className":37,"code":6112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6114,6115,6143,6147,6174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6116,6117,6119,6121,6123,6125,6127,6130,6132,6134,6136,6138,6141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6118,3739],{"class":50},[44,6120,55],{"class":54},[44,6122,3744],{"class":115},[44,6124,2626],{"class":77},[44,6126,129],{"class":115},[44,6128,6129],{"class":77}," 7",[44,6131,129],{"class":115},[44,6133,2343],{"class":54},[44,6135,2177],{"class":77},[44,6137,129],{"class":115},[44,6139,6140],{"class":77}," 10",[44,6142,3757],{"class":115},[44,6144,6145],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6146,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,6148,6149,6151,6153,6156,6158,6160,6162,6164,6166,6168,6170,6172],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,6150,2351],{"class":50},[44,6152,55],{"class":54},[44,6154,6155],{"class":141}," any",[44,6157,123],{"class":115},[44,6159,3149],{"class":119},[44,6161,1326],{"class":54},[44,6163,3959],{"class":77},[44,6165,4004],{"class":4003},[44,6167,4007],{"class":119},[44,6169,887],{"class":4003},[44,6171,4392],{"class":119},[44,6173,135],{"class":115},[44,6175,6176,6178,6180,6182],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,6177,142],{"class":141},[44,6179,123],{"class":115},[44,6181,2386],{"class":119},[44,6183,135],{"class":115},[20,6185,155],{},[35,6187,6188],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6189,6190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6191,6192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6193,4107],{"class":3978},[20,6195,6196,6197,6200],{},"This works because ",[15,6198,6199],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[218,6202,6203,6211,6218],{},[221,6204,6205,6208,6209],{},[15,6206,6207],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6210,3798],{},[221,6212,6213,6208,6216],{},[15,6214,6215],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6217,3798],{},[221,6219,6220,6208,6223],{},[15,6221,6222],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6224,3724],{},[20,6226,6227,6228,6230,6231,6233,6234,116],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6229,3724],{}," result, ",[15,6232,5317],{}," can return ",[15,6235,3724],{},[20,6237,6238],{},"Here is another example:",[35,6240,6242],{"className":37,"code":6241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6243,6244,6273,6277,6307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6245,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258,6260,6263,6265,6267,6269,6271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6247,4198],{"class":50},[44,6249,55],{"class":54},[44,6251,3744],{"class":115},[44,6253,112],{"class":58},[44,6255,4207],{"class":62},[44,6257,112],{"class":58},[44,6259,129],{"class":115},[44,6261,6262],{"class":58}," \"\"",[44,6264,129],{"class":115},[44,6266,59],{"class":58},[44,6268,4216],{"class":62},[44,6270,112],{"class":58},[44,6272,3757],{"class":115},[44,6274,6275],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6276,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,6278,6279,6282,6284,6286,6288,6291,6293,6295,6297,6300,6302,6305],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,6280,6281],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,6283,55],{"class":54},[44,6285,6155],{"class":141},[44,6287,123],{"class":115},[44,6289,6290],{"class":119},"word ",[44,6292,4819],{"class":54},[44,6294,6262],{"class":58},[44,6296,4004],{"class":4003},[44,6298,6299],{"class":119}," word ",[44,6301,887],{"class":4003},[44,6303,6304],{"class":119}," words",[44,6306,135],{"class":115},[44,6308,6309,6311,6313,6316],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,6310,142],{"class":141},[44,6312,123],{"class":115},[44,6314,6315],{"class":119},"has_empty_string",[44,6317,135],{"class":115},[20,6319,155],{},[35,6321,6322],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6323,6324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6325,6326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6327,4107],{"class":3978},[20,6329,6330,6331,116],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[200,6332,6334],{"href":6333},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,6336,6338],{"id":6337},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6340,6341,6342,790],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6343,3798],{},[35,6345,6347],{"className":37,"code":6346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6348,6349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6350,6351,6353,6355,6357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6352,142],{"class":141},[44,6354,123],{"class":115},[44,6356,5487],{"class":141},[44,6358,4557],{"class":115},[20,6360,155],{},[35,6362,6363],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6364,6365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6366,6367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6368,4168],{"class":3978},[20,6370,6371],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6373,6374,6375,6377],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6376,5317],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6379,6380],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,6382,6384],{"className":37,"code":6383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6385,6386,6396,6411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6387,6388,6390,6392,6394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6389,142],{"class":141},[44,6391,123],{"class":115},[44,6393,5487],{"class":141},[44,6395,4615],{"class":115},[44,6397,6398,6400,6402,6404,6406,6409],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6399,142],{"class":141},[44,6401,123],{"class":115},[44,6403,5487],{"class":141},[44,6405,123],{"class":115},[44,6407,6408],{"class":58},"\"\"",[44,6410,567],{"class":115},[44,6412,6413,6415,6417,6419,6421,6424],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,6414,142],{"class":141},[44,6416,123],{"class":115},[44,6418,5487],{"class":141},[44,6420,123],{"class":115},[44,6422,6423],{"class":1296},"set",[44,6425,6426],{"class":115},"()))\n",[20,6428,155],{},[35,6430,6432],{"className":37,"code":6431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6433,6434,6438,6442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6435,6436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6437,4168],{"class":3978},[44,6439,6440],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6441,4168],{"class":3978},[44,6443,6444],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,6445,4168],{"class":3978},[30,6447,6449],{"id":6448},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6451,189,6452,6454],{},[15,6453,5317],{}," when you want to:",[218,6456,6457,6460,6463],{},[221,6458,6459],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[221,6461,6462],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[221,6464,6465],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6467,6468],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,6470,6472],{"className":37,"code":6471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6473,6474,6499,6503,6513,6517,6531,6550,6561,6567,6572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6475,6476,6478,6480,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492,6494,6497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6477,3739],{"class":50},[44,6479,55],{"class":54},[44,6481,3744],{"class":115},[44,6483,3111],{"class":77},[44,6485,129],{"class":115},[44,6487,2573],{"class":77},[44,6489,129],{"class":115},[44,6491,4735],{"class":77},[44,6493,129],{"class":115},[44,6495,6496],{"class":77}," 8",[44,6498,3757],{"class":115},[44,6500,6501],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6502,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,6504,6505,6508,6510],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,6506,6507],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,6509,55],{"class":54},[44,6511,6512],{"class":3978}," False\n",[44,6514,6515],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,6516,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,6518,6519,6521,6524,6526,6528],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,6520,6093],{"class":4003},[44,6522,6523],{"class":50}," number ",[44,6525,887],{"class":4003},[44,6527,4392],{"class":50},[44,6529,6530],{"class":115},":\n",[44,6532,6533,6536,6538,6541,6543,6546,6548],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,6534,6535],{"class":4003},"    if",[44,6537,6523],{"class":50},[44,6539,6540],{"class":54},"%",[44,6542,3116],{"class":77},[44,6544,6545],{"class":54}," ==",[44,6547,3959],{"class":77},[44,6549,6530],{"class":115},[44,6551,6553,6556,6558],{"class":46,"line":6552},7,[44,6554,6555],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,6557,55],{"class":54},[44,6559,6560],{"class":3978}," True\n",[44,6562,6564],{"class":46,"line":6563},8,[44,6565,6566],{"class":4003},"        break\n",[44,6568,6570],{"class":46,"line":6569},9,[44,6571,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,6573,6575,6577,6579,6582],{"class":46,"line":6574},10,[44,6576,142],{"class":141},[44,6578,123],{"class":115},[44,6580,6581],{"class":119},"found_even",[44,6583,135],{"class":115},[20,6585,6586],{},"You can write:",[35,6588,6590],{"className":37,"code":6589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6591,6592,6616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6593,6594,6596,6598,6600,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6595,3739],{"class":50},[44,6597,55],{"class":54},[44,6599,3744],{"class":115},[44,6601,3111],{"class":77},[44,6603,129],{"class":115},[44,6605,2573],{"class":77},[44,6607,129],{"class":115},[44,6609,4735],{"class":77},[44,6611,129],{"class":115},[44,6613,6496],{"class":77},[44,6615,3757],{"class":115},[44,6617,6618,6620,6622,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6619,142],{"class":141},[44,6621,123],{"class":115},[44,6623,5487],{"class":141},[44,6625,123],{"class":115},[44,6627,2338],{"class":119},[44,6629,6540],{"class":54},[44,6631,3116],{"class":77},[44,6633,6545],{"class":54},[44,6635,3959],{"class":77},[44,6637,4004],{"class":4003},[44,6639,6523],{"class":119},[44,6641,887],{"class":4003},[44,6643,4392],{"class":119},[44,6645,567],{"class":115},[20,6647,6648,6649,6651],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6650,5317],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[30,6653,4648],{"id":4647},[20,6655,6656,6657,116],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6658,5317],{},[1474,6660,6662],{"id":6661},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6664,4655],{},[35,6666,6668],{"className":37,"code":6667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6669,6670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6671,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6673,142],{"class":141},[44,6675,123],{"class":115},[44,6677,5487],{"class":141},[44,6679,123],{"class":115},[44,6681,2257],{"class":77},[44,6683,567],{"class":115},[20,6685,6686,6687,6689],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6688,2257],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6691,6692],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,6694,6696],{"className":37,"code":6695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6697,6698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6699,6700,6702,6704,6706,6708,6710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6701,142],{"class":141},[44,6703,123],{"class":115},[44,6705,5487],{"class":141},[44,6707,3108],{"class":115},[44,6709,2257],{"class":77},[44,6711,3123],{"class":115},[1474,6713,6715],{"id":6714},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6717,6718,6720,6721,6723],{},[15,6719,5317],{}," needs only ",[153,6722,729],{}," truthy item.",[35,6725,6727],{"className":37,"code":6726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6728,6729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6730,6731,6733,6735,6737,6739,6741,6743,6745,6747,6749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6732,142],{"class":141},[44,6734,123],{"class":115},[44,6736,5487],{"class":141},[44,6738,3108],{"class":115},[44,6740,3798],{"class":3978},[44,6742,129],{"class":115},[44,6744,4034],{"class":3978},[44,6746,129],{"class":115},[44,6748,4043],{"class":3978},[44,6750,3123],{"class":115},[20,6752,155],{},[35,6754,6755],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6756,6757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6758,6759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6760,4107],{"class":3978},[20,6762,6763,6764,6768],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[200,6765,6766],{"href":5559},[15,6767,3698],{}," instead.",[1474,6770,6772],{"id":6771},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6774,6775,6776,116],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6777,6778],{},"\"True\"",[35,6780,6782],{"className":37,"code":6781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6783,6784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6785,6786,6788,6790,6792,6794,6796,6798,6800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6787,142],{"class":141},[44,6789,123],{"class":115},[44,6791,5487],{"class":141},[44,6793,3108],{"class":115},[44,6795,112],{"class":58},[44,6797,3798],{"class":62},[44,6799,112],{"class":58},[44,6801,3123],{"class":115},[20,6803,155],{},[35,6805,6806],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6807,6808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6809,6810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6811,4107],{"class":3978},[20,6813,6814,6815,6818],{},"That is because ",[15,6816,6817],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1474,6820,6822],{"id":6821},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6824,6825],{},"This works:",[35,6827,6829],{"className":37,"code":6828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6830,6831,6851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6832,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847,6849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6834,3739],{"class":50},[44,6836,55],{"class":54},[44,6838,3744],{"class":115},[44,6840,3111],{"class":77},[44,6842,129],{"class":115},[44,6844,3116],{"class":77},[44,6846,129],{"class":115},[44,6848,2573],{"class":77},[44,6850,3757],{"class":115},[44,6852,6853,6855,6857,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873,6875],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6854,142],{"class":141},[44,6856,123],{"class":115},[44,6858,5487],{"class":141},[44,6860,3108],{"class":115},[44,6862,3149],{"class":119},[44,6864,4381],{"class":54},[44,6866,3116],{"class":77},[44,6868,4004],{"class":4003},[44,6870,4007],{"class":119},[44,6872,887],{"class":4003},[44,6874,4392],{"class":119},[44,6876,3123],{"class":115},[20,6878,6879],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,6881,6883],{"className":37,"code":6882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6884,6885,6905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6886,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897,6899,6901,6903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6888,3739],{"class":50},[44,6890,55],{"class":54},[44,6892,3744],{"class":115},[44,6894,3111],{"class":77},[44,6896,129],{"class":115},[44,6898,3116],{"class":77},[44,6900,129],{"class":115},[44,6902,2573],{"class":77},[44,6904,3757],{"class":115},[44,6906,6907,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917,6919,6921,6923,6925,6927,6929],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,6908,142],{"class":141},[44,6910,123],{"class":115},[44,6912,5487],{"class":141},[44,6914,123],{"class":115},[44,6916,3149],{"class":119},[44,6918,4381],{"class":54},[44,6920,3116],{"class":77},[44,6922,4004],{"class":4003},[44,6924,4007],{"class":119},[44,6926,887],{"class":4003},[44,6928,4392],{"class":119},[44,6930,567],{"class":115},[20,6932,6933],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[30,6935,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,6937,6939],{"id":6938},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6941,5280,6942,6944,6945,116],{},[15,6943,3724],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6946,3798],{},[1474,6948,6950],{"id":6949},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6952,6953,2518,6955,6957],{},[15,6954,5317],{},[15,6956,3798],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1474,6959,6961],{"id":6960},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6963,6964,6966,6967,6969],{},[15,6965,5317],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6968,3698],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1474,6971,6973],{"id":6972},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6975,6976],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,6978,6979],{"className":37,"code":6079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6980,6981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6982,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993,6995,6997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6984,5487],{"class":141},[44,6986,123],{"class":115},[44,6988,6090],{"class":119},[44,6990,6093],{"class":4003},[44,6992,6096],{"class":119},[44,6994,887],{"class":4003},[44,6996,6101],{"class":119},[44,6998,135],{"class":115},[20,7000,5606],{},[35,7002,7003],{"className":37,"code":6882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7004,7005,7025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7006,7007,7009,7011,7013,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7008,3739],{"class":50},[44,7010,55],{"class":54},[44,7012,3744],{"class":115},[44,7014,3111],{"class":77},[44,7016,129],{"class":115},[44,7018,3116],{"class":77},[44,7020,129],{"class":115},[44,7022,2573],{"class":77},[44,7024,3757],{"class":115},[44,7026,7027,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7047,7049],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7028,142],{"class":141},[44,7030,123],{"class":115},[44,7032,5487],{"class":141},[44,7034,123],{"class":115},[44,7036,3149],{"class":119},[44,7038,4381],{"class":54},[44,7040,3116],{"class":77},[44,7042,4004],{"class":4003},[44,7044,4007],{"class":119},[44,7046,887],{"class":4003},[44,7048,4392],{"class":119},[44,7050,567],{"class":115},[30,7052,2019],{"id":2018},[218,7054,7055,7061,7065,7069,7074],{},[221,7056,7057],{},[200,7058,7059,1017],{"href":5559},[15,7060,3698],{},[221,7062,7063],{},[200,7064,3932],{"href":5912},[221,7066,7067],{},[200,7068,5349],{"href":5721},[221,7070,7071],{},[200,7072,7073],{"href":6333},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[221,7075,7076],{},[200,7077,7078,1017],{"href":5915},[15,7079,3938],{},[2048,7081,7082],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":7084},[7085,7086,7087,7088,7089,7090,7091,7092,7098,7104],{"id":5509,"depth":69,"text":5510},{"id":5564,"depth":69,"text":5565},{"id":3854,"depth":69,"text":3855},{"id":5921,"depth":69,"text":5922},{"id":6064,"depth":69,"text":6065},{"id":6337,"depth":69,"text":6338},{"id":6448,"depth":69,"text":6449},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":7093},[7094,7095,7096,7097],{"id":6661,"depth":81,"text":6662},{"id":6714,"depth":81,"text":6715},{"id":6771,"depth":81,"text":6772},{"id":6821,"depth":81,"text":6822},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":7099},[7100,7101,7102,7103],{"id":6938,"depth":81,"text":6939},{"id":6949,"depth":81,"text":6950},{"id":6960,"depth":81,"text":6961},{"id":6972,"depth":81,"text":6973},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5412,"description":7105},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7111,"title":7112,"body":7113,"description":9244,"extension":2084,"meta":9245,"navigation":84,"path":9246,"seo":9247,"stem":9248,"__hash__":9249},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7114,"toc":9207},[7115,7118,7127,7137,7139,7236,7238,7267,7283,7287,7292,7295,7305,7311,7317,7333,7335,7343,7350,7354,7357,7372,7377,7395,7400,7402,7450,7452,7469,7473,7479,7482,7517,7519,7625,7627,7664,7668,7676,7678,7698,7700,7819,7821,7850,7853,7876,7878,7886,7894,7898,7904,7908,7951,7953,7961,7964,7992,7994,8002,8006,8034,8036,8044,8076,8078,8086,8090,8140,8142,8150,8158,8162,8165,8218,8220,8241,8248,8252,8258,8261,8269,8291,8293,8301,8309,8332,8334,8342,8347,8352,8364,8366,8407,8418,8422,8431,8434,8437,8496,8499,8551,8554,8560,8576,8582,8584,8589,8597,8600,8622,8624,8632,8637,8640,8675,8677,8685,8689,8694,8732,8744,8747,8802,8810,8814,8817,8839,8848,8851,8892,8894,8917,8923,8929,8944,8946,8966,8969,8988,8990,9009,9013,9019,9098,9101,9115,9122,9124,9128,9135,9139,9143,9147,9152,9156,9161,9165,9172,9174,9204],[10,7116,7112],{"id":7117},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7119,213,7120,7122,7123,3000,7125,116],{},[15,7121,3938],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7124,3724],{},[15,7126,3798],{},[20,7128,7129,7130,7132,7133,7136],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7131,3938],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7134,7135],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[30,7138,3729],{"id":3728},[35,7140,7142],{"className":37,"code":7141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7143,7144,7158,7172,7186,7204,7214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7145,7146,7148,7150,7152,7154,7156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7147,142],{"class":141},[44,7149,123],{"class":115},[44,7151,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7153,123],{"class":115},[44,7155,2240],{"class":77},[44,7157,567],{"class":115},[44,7159,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168,7170],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7161,142],{"class":141},[44,7163,123],{"class":115},[44,7165,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7167,123],{"class":115},[44,7169,3111],{"class":77},[44,7171,567],{"class":115},[44,7173,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182,7184],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,7175,142],{"class":141},[44,7177,123],{"class":115},[44,7179,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7181,123],{"class":115},[44,7183,6408],{"class":58},[44,7185,567],{"class":115},[44,7187,7188,7190,7192,7194,7196,7198,7200,7202],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,7189,142],{"class":141},[44,7191,123],{"class":115},[44,7193,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7195,123],{"class":115},[44,7197,112],{"class":58},[44,7199,3971],{"class":62},[44,7201,112],{"class":58},[44,7203,567],{"class":115},[44,7205,7206,7208,7210,7212],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,7207,142],{"class":141},[44,7209,123],{"class":115},[44,7211,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7213,4557],{"class":115},[44,7215,7216,7218,7220,7222,7224,7226,7228,7230,7232,7234],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,7217,142],{"class":141},[44,7219,123],{"class":115},[44,7221,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7223,3108],{"class":115},[44,7225,3111],{"class":77},[44,7227,129],{"class":115},[44,7229,3116],{"class":77},[44,7231,129],{"class":115},[44,7233,2573],{"class":77},[44,7235,3123],{"class":115},[20,7237,5694],{},[35,7239,7241],{"className":37,"code":7240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7242,7243,7247,7251,7255,7259,7263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7244,7245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7246,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7248,7249],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7250,4107],{"class":3978},[44,7252,7253],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,7254,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7256,7257],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,7258,4107],{"class":3978},[44,7260,7261],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,7262,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7264,7265],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,7266,4107],{"class":3978},[20,7268,189,7269,7272,7273,3000,7275,7277,7278,7280,7281,116],{},[15,7270,7271],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7274,3724],{},[15,7276,3798],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7279,3798],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7282,3724],{},[30,7284,7286],{"id":7285},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7288,7289,7291],{},[15,7290,3938],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7293,7294],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[218,7296,7297,7301],{},[221,7298,7299],{},[15,7300,3724],{},[221,7302,7303],{},[15,7304,3798],{},[20,7306,7307,7308,7310],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7309,7135],{}," statements.",[20,7312,7313,7314,7316],{},"You can also call ",[15,7315,3938],{}," with no argument:",[35,7318,7320],{"className":37,"code":7319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,7321,7322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7323,7324,7326,7328,7330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7325,142],{"class":141},[44,7327,123],{"class":115},[44,7329,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7331,7332],{"class":115},"())\n",[20,7334,155],{},[35,7336,7337],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7338,7339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7340,7341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7342,4168],{"class":3978},[20,7344,7345,7346,116],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[200,7347,7349],{"href":7348},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[30,7351,7353],{"id":7352},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7355,7356],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,7358,7360],{"className":37,"code":7359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,7361,7362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7363,7364,7366,7368,7370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7365,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7367,123],{"class":115},[44,7369,379],{"class":119},[44,7371,135],{"class":115},[20,7373,213,7374,7376],{},[15,7375,379],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[218,7378,7379,7381,7383,7385,7387,7390,7392],{},[221,7380,3771],{},[221,7382,5442],{},[221,7384,5433],{},[221,7386,5436],{},[221,7388,7389],{},"dictionaries",[221,7391,5439],{},[221,7393,7394],{},"other objects",[20,7396,7397,7398,116],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7399,3798],{},[20,7401,238],{},[35,7403,7405],{"className":37,"code":7404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7406,7407,7421,7440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7408,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417,7419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7410,142],{"class":141},[44,7412,123],{"class":115},[44,7414,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7416,123],{"class":115},[44,7418,2451],{"class":77},[44,7420,567],{"class":115},[44,7422,7423,7425,7427,7429,7431,7433,7436,7438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7424,142],{"class":141},[44,7426,123],{"class":115},[44,7428,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7430,123],{"class":115},[44,7432,112],{"class":58},[44,7434,7435],{"class":62},"Python",[44,7437,112],{"class":58},[44,7439,567],{"class":115},[44,7441,7442,7444,7446,7448],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,7443,142],{"class":141},[44,7445,123],{"class":115},[44,7447,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7449,7332],{"class":115},[20,7451,155],{},[35,7453,7455],{"className":37,"code":7454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7456,7457,7461,7465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7458,7459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7460,4107],{"class":3978},[44,7462,7463],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7464,4107],{"class":3978},[44,7466,7467],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,7468,4168],{"class":3978},[30,7470,7472],{"id":7471},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7474,7475,7476,7478],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[153,7477,5731],{}," values.",[20,7480,7481],{},"Common examples:",[218,7483,7484,7488,7492,7496,7500,7505,7509,7513],{},[221,7485,7486],{},[15,7487,2240],{},[221,7489,7490],{},[15,7491,3894],{},[221,7493,7494],{},[15,7495,6408],{},[221,7497,7498],{},[15,7499,3913],{},[221,7501,7502],{},[15,7503,7504],{},"()",[221,7506,7507],{},[15,7508,101],{},[221,7510,7511],{},[15,7512,3922],{},[221,7514,7515],{},[15,7516,3904],{},[20,7518,238],{},[35,7520,7522],{"className":37,"code":7521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7523,7524,7538,7552,7566,7576,7586,7597,7611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7525,7526,7528,7530,7532,7534,7536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7527,142],{"class":141},[44,7529,123],{"class":115},[44,7531,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7533,123],{"class":115},[44,7535,2240],{"class":77},[44,7537,567],{"class":115},[44,7539,7540,7542,7544,7546,7548,7550],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7541,142],{"class":141},[44,7543,123],{"class":115},[44,7545,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7547,123],{"class":115},[44,7549,3894],{"class":77},[44,7551,567],{"class":115},[44,7553,7554,7556,7558,7560,7562,7564],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,7555,142],{"class":141},[44,7557,123],{"class":115},[44,7559,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7561,123],{"class":115},[44,7563,6408],{"class":58},[44,7565,567],{"class":115},[44,7567,7568,7570,7572,7574],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,7569,142],{"class":141},[44,7571,123],{"class":115},[44,7573,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7575,4557],{"class":115},[44,7577,7578,7580,7582,7584],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,7579,142],{"class":141},[44,7581,123],{"class":115},[44,7583,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7585,4615],{"class":115},[44,7587,7588,7590,7592,7594],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,7589,142],{"class":141},[44,7591,123],{"class":115},[44,7593,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7595,7596],{"class":115},"({}))\n",[44,7598,7599,7601,7603,7605,7607,7609],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,7600,142],{"class":141},[44,7602,123],{"class":115},[44,7604,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7606,123],{"class":115},[44,7608,6423],{"class":1296},[44,7610,6426],{"class":115},[44,7612,7613,7615,7617,7619,7621,7623],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,7614,142],{"class":141},[44,7616,123],{"class":115},[44,7618,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7620,123],{"class":115},[44,7622,3904],{"class":3978},[44,7624,567],{"class":115},[20,7626,155],{},[35,7628,7630],{"className":37,"code":7629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7631,7632,7636,7640,7644,7648,7652,7656,7660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7633,7634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7635,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7637,7638],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7639,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7641,7642],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,7643,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7645,7646],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,7647,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7649,7650],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,7651,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7653,7654],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,7655,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7657,7658],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,7659,4168],{"class":3978},[44,7661,7662],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,7663,4168],{"class":3978},[30,7665,7667],{"id":7666},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7669,7670,7671,7673,7674,7478],{},"Many values become ",[15,7672,3724],{},". These are often called ",[153,7675,5728],{},[20,7677,7481],{},[218,7679,7680,7683,7686,7689,7692,7695],{},[221,7681,7682],{},"non-zero numbers",[221,7684,7685],{},"non-empty strings",[221,7687,7688],{},"non-empty lists",[221,7690,7691],{},"non-empty tuples",[221,7693,7694],{},"non-empty sets",[221,7696,7697],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7699,238],{},[35,7701,7703],{"className":37,"code":7702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7704,7705,7719,7735,7753,7775,7793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7706,7707,7709,7711,7713,7715,7717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7708,142],{"class":141},[44,7710,123],{"class":115},[44,7712,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7714,123],{"class":115},[44,7716,2257],{"class":77},[44,7718,567],{"class":115},[44,7720,7721,7723,7725,7727,7729,7731,7733],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7722,142],{"class":141},[44,7724,123],{"class":115},[44,7726,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7728,123],{"class":115},[44,7730,2142],{"class":54},[44,7732,2177],{"class":77},[44,7734,567],{"class":115},[44,7736,7737,7739,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,7738,142],{"class":141},[44,7740,123],{"class":115},[44,7742,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7744,123],{"class":115},[44,7746,112],{"class":58},[44,7748,3971],{"class":62},[44,7750,112],{"class":58},[44,7752,567],{"class":115},[44,7754,7755,7757,7759,7761,7763,7765,7767,7769,7771,7773],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,7756,142],{"class":141},[44,7758,123],{"class":115},[44,7760,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7762,3108],{"class":115},[44,7764,3111],{"class":77},[44,7766,129],{"class":115},[44,7768,3116],{"class":77},[44,7770,129],{"class":115},[44,7772,2573],{"class":77},[44,7774,3123],{"class":115},[44,7776,7777,7779,7781,7783,7785,7787,7789,7791],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,7778,142],{"class":141},[44,7780,123],{"class":115},[44,7782,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7784,5645],{"class":115},[44,7786,3111],{"class":77},[44,7788,129],{"class":115},[44,7790,3116],{"class":77},[44,7792,3034],{"class":115},[44,7794,7795,7797,7799,7801,7803,7805,7807,7809,7811,7813,7815,7817],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,7796,142],{"class":141},[44,7798,123],{"class":115},[44,7800,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7802,5664],{"class":115},[44,7804,112],{"class":58},[44,7806,126],{"class":62},[44,7808,112],{"class":58},[44,7810,790],{"class":115},[44,7812,59],{"class":58},[44,7814,280],{"class":62},[44,7816,112],{"class":58},[44,7818,5673],{"class":115},[20,7820,155],{},[35,7822,7824],{"className":37,"code":7823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7825,7826,7830,7834,7838,7842,7846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7827,7828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7829,4107],{"class":3978},[44,7831,7832],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7833,4107],{"class":3978},[44,7835,7836],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,7837,4107],{"class":3978},[44,7839,7840],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,7841,4107],{"class":3978},[44,7843,7844],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,7845,4107],{"class":3978},[44,7847,7848],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,7849,4107],{"class":3978},[20,7851,7852],{},"One important example is this:",[35,7854,7856],{"className":37,"code":7855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7857,7858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7859,7860,7862,7864,7866,7868,7870,7872,7874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7861,142],{"class":141},[44,7863,123],{"class":115},[44,7865,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7867,123],{"class":115},[44,7869,112],{"class":58},[44,7871,3798],{"class":62},[44,7873,112],{"class":58},[44,7875,567],{"class":115},[20,7877,155],{},[35,7879,7880],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7881,7882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7883,7884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7885,4107],{"class":3978},[20,7887,7888,7889,7891,7892,116],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7890,6817],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7893,3724],{},[30,7895,7897],{"id":7896},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7899,7900,7901,7903],{},"You can use ",[15,7902,3938],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1474,7905,7907],{"id":7906},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,7909,7911],{"className":37,"code":7910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7912,7913,7936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7914,7915,7918,7920,7922,7924,7926,7929,7931,7934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7916,7917],{"class":50},"items ",[44,7919,55],{"class":54},[44,7921,3744],{"class":115},[44,7923,2451],{"class":77},[44,7925,129],{"class":115},[44,7927,7928],{"class":77}," 20",[44,7930,129],{"class":115},[44,7932,7933],{"class":77}," 30",[44,7935,3757],{"class":115},[44,7937,7938,7940,7942,7944,7946,7949],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7939,142],{"class":141},[44,7941,123],{"class":115},[44,7943,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7945,123],{"class":115},[44,7947,7948],{"class":119},"items",[44,7950,567],{"class":115},[20,7952,155],{},[35,7954,7955],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7956,7957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7958,7959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7960,4107],{"class":3978},[20,7962,7963],{},"With an empty list:",[35,7965,7967],{"className":37,"code":7966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7968,7969,7978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7970,7971,7973,7975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7972,7917],{"class":50},[44,7974,55],{"class":54},[44,7976,7977],{"class":115}," []\n",[44,7979,7980,7982,7984,7986,7988,7990],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,7981,142],{"class":141},[44,7983,123],{"class":115},[44,7985,3994],{"class":1296},[44,7987,123],{"class":115},[44,7989,7948],{"class":119},[44,7991,567],{"class":115},[20,7993,155],{},[35,7995,7996],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7997,7998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7999,8000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8001,4168],{"class":3978},[1474,8003,8005],{"id":8004},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,8007,8009],{"className":37,"code":8008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8010,8011,8020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8012,8013,8015,8017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8014,51],{"class":50},[44,8016,55],{"class":54},[44,8018,8019],{"class":58}," \"\"\n",[44,8021,8022,8024,8026,8028,8030,8032],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8023,142],{"class":141},[44,8025,123],{"class":115},[44,8027,3994],{"class":1296},[44,8029,123],{"class":115},[44,8031,126],{"class":119},[44,8033,567],{"class":115},[20,8035,155],{},[35,8037,8038],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8039,8040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8041,8042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8043,4168],{"class":3978},[35,8045,8047],{"className":37,"code":8046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,8048,8049,8062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8050,8051,8053,8055,8057,8060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8052,51],{"class":50},[44,8054,55],{"class":54},[44,8056,59],{"class":58},[44,8058,8059],{"class":62},"Mia",[44,8061,66],{"class":58},[44,8063,8064,8066,8068,8070,8072,8074],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8065,142],{"class":141},[44,8067,123],{"class":115},[44,8069,3994],{"class":1296},[44,8071,123],{"class":115},[44,8073,126],{"class":119},[44,8075,567],{"class":115},[20,8077,155],{},[35,8079,8080],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8081,8082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8083,8084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8085,4107],{"class":3978},[1474,8087,8089],{"id":8088},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,8091,8093],{"className":37,"code":8092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8094,8095,8109,8125,8129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8096,8097,8100,8102,8104,8107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8098,8099],{"class":50},"username ",[44,8101,55],{"class":54},[44,8103,59],{"class":58},[44,8105,8106],{"class":62},"alex",[44,8108,66],{"class":58},[44,8110,8111,8114,8116,8119,8121,8123],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8112,8113],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,8115,55],{"class":54},[44,8117,8118],{"class":1296}," bool",[44,8120,123],{"class":115},[44,8122,1632],{"class":119},[44,8124,135],{"class":115},[44,8126,8127],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,8128,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,8130,8131,8133,8135,8138],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,8132,142],{"class":141},[44,8134,123],{"class":115},[44,8136,8137],{"class":119},"has_name",[44,8139,135],{"class":115},[20,8141,155],{},[35,8143,8144],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8145,8146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8147,8148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8149,4107],{"class":3978},[20,8151,8152,8153,3000,8155,8157],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8154,3724],{},[15,8156,3798],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1474,8159,8161],{"id":8160},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8163,8164],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,8166,8168],{"className":37,"code":8167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8169,8170,8190,8194,8202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8171,8172,8174,8176,8178,8180,8182,8184,8186,8188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8173,3739],{"class":50},[44,8175,55],{"class":54},[44,8177,3744],{"class":115},[44,8179,3111],{"class":77},[44,8181,129],{"class":115},[44,8183,3116],{"class":77},[44,8185,129],{"class":115},[44,8187,2573],{"class":77},[44,8189,3757],{"class":115},[44,8191,8192],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8193,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,8195,8196,8198,8200],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,8197,7135],{"class":4003},[44,8199,4392],{"class":50},[44,8201,6530],{"class":115},[44,8203,8204,8207,8209,8211,8214,8216],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,8205,8206],{"class":141},"    print",[44,8208,123],{"class":115},[44,8210,112],{"class":58},[44,8212,8213],{"class":62},"The list is not empty",[44,8215,112],{"class":58},[44,8217,135],{"class":115},[20,8219,155],{},[35,8221,8223],{"className":37,"code":8222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8224,8225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8226,8227,8229,8232,8235,8238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8228,213],{"class":50},[44,8230,8231],{"class":1296},"list",[44,8233,8234],{"class":54}," is",[44,8236,8237],{"class":54}," not",[44,8239,8240],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,8242,8243,8244,116],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[200,8245,8247],{"href":8246},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[30,8249,8251],{"id":8250},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8253,8254,8255,8257],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8256,3938],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8259,8260],{},"It does not do that.",[1474,8262,8264,2518,8267],{"id":8263},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8265,8266],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8268,3724],{},[35,8270,8271],{"className":37,"code":7855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8272,8273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8274,8275,8277,8279,8281,8283,8285,8287,8289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8276,142],{"class":141},[44,8278,123],{"class":115},[44,8280,3994],{"class":1296},[44,8282,123],{"class":115},[44,8284,112],{"class":58},[44,8286,3798],{"class":62},[44,8288,112],{"class":58},[44,8290,567],{"class":115},[20,8292,155],{},[35,8294,8295],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8296,8297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8298,8299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8300,4107],{"class":3978},[1474,8302,8304,2518,8307],{"id":8303},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8305,8306],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8308,3724],{},[35,8310,8312],{"className":37,"code":8311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8313,8314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8315,8316,8318,8320,8322,8324,8326,8328,8330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8317,142],{"class":141},[44,8319,123],{"class":115},[44,8321,3994],{"class":1296},[44,8323,123],{"class":115},[44,8325,112],{"class":58},[44,8327,2240],{"class":62},[44,8329,112],{"class":58},[44,8331,567],{"class":115},[20,8333,155],{},[35,8335,8336],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8337,8338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8339,8340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8341,4107],{"class":3978},[20,8343,8344,8345,116],{},"This happens because both values are ",[153,8346,7685],{},[20,8348,8349,8351],{},[15,8350,3938],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8353,8354,8355,8360,8361,8363],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[200,8356,8358],{"href":8357},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8359,3080],{},", because ",[15,8362,3080],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8365,238],{},[35,8367,8369],{"className":37,"code":8368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8370,8371,8392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8372,8373,8376,8378,8381,8383,8385,8388,8390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8374,8375],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,8377,55],{"class":54},[44,8379,8380],{"class":141}," input",[44,8382,123],{"class":115},[44,8384,112],{"class":58},[44,8386,8387],{"class":62},"Enter True or False: ",[44,8389,112],{"class":58},[44,8391,135],{"class":115},[44,8393,8394,8396,8398,8400,8402,8405],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8395,142],{"class":141},[44,8397,123],{"class":115},[44,8399,3994],{"class":1296},[44,8401,123],{"class":115},[44,8403,8404],{"class":119},"user_value",[44,8406,567],{"class":115},[20,8408,8409,8410,8412,8413,8360,8415,8417],{},"If the user types ",[15,8411,3798],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8414,3724],{},[15,8416,6817],{}," is not empty.",[30,8419,8421],{"id":8420},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8423,8424,8425,8427,8428,8430],{},"In many ",[15,8426,7135],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8429,3938],{}," yourself.",[20,8432,8433],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8435,8436],{},"Instead of this:",[35,8438,8440],{"className":37,"code":8439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8441,8442,8463,8467,8481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8443,8444,8447,8449,8451,8453,8455,8457,8459,8461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8445,8446],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,8448,55],{"class":54},[44,8450,3744],{"class":115},[44,8452,3111],{"class":77},[44,8454,129],{"class":115},[44,8456,3116],{"class":77},[44,8458,129],{"class":115},[44,8460,2573],{"class":77},[44,8462,3757],{"class":115},[44,8464,8465],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8466,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,8468,8469,8471,8473,8475,8478],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,8470,7135],{"class":4003},[44,8472,8118],{"class":1296},[44,8474,123],{"class":115},[44,8476,8477],{"class":119},"my_list",[44,8479,8480],{"class":115},"):\n",[44,8482,8483,8485,8487,8489,8492,8494],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,8484,8206],{"class":141},[44,8486,123],{"class":115},[44,8488,112],{"class":58},[44,8490,8491],{"class":62},"List has items",[44,8493,112],{"class":58},[44,8495,135],{"class":115},[20,8497,8498],{},"You can simply write:",[35,8500,8502],{"className":37,"code":8501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8503,8504,8524,8528,8537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8505,8506,8508,8510,8512,8514,8516,8518,8520,8522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8507,8446],{"class":50},[44,8509,55],{"class":54},[44,8511,3744],{"class":115},[44,8513,3111],{"class":77},[44,8515,129],{"class":115},[44,8517,3116],{"class":77},[44,8519,129],{"class":115},[44,8521,2573],{"class":77},[44,8523,3757],{"class":115},[44,8525,8526],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8527,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,8529,8530,8532,8535],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,8531,7135],{"class":4003},[44,8533,8534],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,8536,6530],{"class":115},[44,8538,8539,8541,8543,8545,8547,8549],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,8540,8206],{"class":141},[44,8542,123],{"class":115},[44,8544,112],{"class":58},[44,8546,8491],{"class":62},[44,8548,112],{"class":58},[44,8550,135],{"class":115},[20,8552,8553],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8555,8556,8557,8559],{},"Using ",[15,8558,3938],{}," is still helpful when:",[218,8561,8562,8565,8573],{},[221,8563,8564],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[221,8566,8567,8568,3000,8570,8572],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8569,3724],{},[15,8571,3798],{}," value",[221,8574,8575],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8577,8578,8579,116],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[200,8580,8581],{"href":2420},"Python type() function explained",[30,8583,1467],{"id":1466},[20,8585,8586,8587,116],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8588,3938],{},[1474,8590,1707,8592,8594,8595],{"id":8591},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8593,8266],{}," to return ",[15,8596,3798],{},[20,8598,8599],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,8601,8602],{"className":37,"code":7855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8603,8604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8605,8606,8608,8610,8612,8614,8616,8618,8620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8607,142],{"class":141},[44,8609,123],{"class":115},[44,8611,3994],{"class":1296},[44,8613,123],{"class":115},[44,8615,112],{"class":58},[44,8617,3798],{"class":62},[44,8619,112],{"class":58},[44,8621,567],{"class":115},[20,8623,155],{},[35,8625,8626],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8627,8628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8629,8630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8631,4107],{"class":3978},[20,8633,8634,8635,6818],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8636,6817],{},[20,8638,8639],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,8641,8643],{"className":37,"code":8642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8644,8645,8657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8646,8647,8649,8651,8653,8655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8648,2568],{"class":50},[44,8650,55],{"class":54},[44,8652,59],{"class":58},[44,8654,3798],{"class":62},[44,8656,66],{"class":58},[44,8658,8659,8661,8663,8665,8667,8669,8671,8673],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8660,142],{"class":141},[44,8662,123],{"class":115},[44,8664,2568],{"class":119},[44,8666,4819],{"class":54},[44,8668,59],{"class":58},[44,8670,3724],{"class":62},[44,8672,112],{"class":58},[44,8674,135],{"class":115},[20,8676,155],{},[35,8678,8679],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8680,8681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8682,8683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8684,4168],{"class":3978},[1474,8686,8688],{"id":8687},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8690,8691,8693],{},[15,8692,3080],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,8695,8697],{"className":37,"code":8696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8698,8699,8718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8700,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8714,8716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8702,2568],{"class":50},[44,8704,55],{"class":54},[44,8706,8380],{"class":141},[44,8708,123],{"class":115},[44,8710,112],{"class":58},[44,8712,8713],{"class":62},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,8715,112],{"class":58},[44,8717,135],{"class":115},[44,8719,8720,8722,8724,8726,8728,8730],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8721,142],{"class":141},[44,8723,123],{"class":115},[44,8725,3994],{"class":1296},[44,8727,123],{"class":115},[44,8729,379],{"class":119},[44,8731,567],{"class":115},[20,8733,8409,8734,8737,8738,8740,8741,8417],{},[15,8735,8736],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8739,3724],{}," because ",[15,8742,8743],{},"\"no\"",[20,8745,8746],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,8748,8750],{"className":37,"code":8749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8751,8752,8783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8753,8754,8756,8758,8760,8762,8764,8766,8768,8771,8774,8777,8780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8755,2568],{"class":50},[44,8757,55],{"class":54},[44,8759,8380],{"class":141},[44,8761,123],{"class":115},[44,8763,112],{"class":58},[44,8765,8713],{"class":62},[44,8767,112],{"class":58},[44,8769,8770],{"class":115},").",[44,8772,8773],{"class":119},"strip",[44,8775,8776],{"class":115},"().",[44,8778,8779],{"class":119},"lower",[44,8781,8782],{"class":115},"()\n",[44,8784,8785,8787,8789,8791,8793,8795,8798,8800],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8786,142],{"class":141},[44,8788,123],{"class":115},[44,8790,2568],{"class":119},[44,8792,4819],{"class":54},[44,8794,59],{"class":58},[44,8796,8797],{"class":62},"yes",[44,8799,112],{"class":58},[44,8801,135],{"class":115},[20,8803,8804,8805,8807,8808,116],{},"This gives ",[15,8806,3724],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8809,8797],{},[1474,8811,8813],{"id":8812},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8815,8816],{},"These are different:",[218,8818,8819,8823,8827,8831,8835],{},[221,8820,8821],{},[15,8822,3798],{},[221,8824,8825],{},[15,8826,2240],{},[221,8828,8829],{},[15,8830,6408],{},[221,8832,8833],{},[15,8834,3913],{},[221,8836,8837],{},[15,8838,3904],{},[20,8840,8841,8842,8844,8845,8847],{},"They all become ",[15,8843,3798],{}," with ",[15,8846,3938],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8849,8850],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,8852,8854],{"className":37,"code":8853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8855,8856,8864,8878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8857,8858,8860,8862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8859,2568],{"class":50},[44,8861,55],{"class":54},[44,8863,7977],{"class":115},[44,8865,8866,8868,8870,8872,8874,8876],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8867,142],{"class":141},[44,8869,123],{"class":115},[44,8871,1297],{"class":1296},[44,8873,123],{"class":115},[44,8875,379],{"class":119},[44,8877,567],{"class":115},[44,8879,8880,8882,8884,8886,8888,8890],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,8881,142],{"class":141},[44,8883,123],{"class":115},[44,8885,3994],{"class":1296},[44,8887,123],{"class":115},[44,8889,379],{"class":119},[44,8891,567],{"class":115},[20,8893,155],{},[35,8895,8897],{"className":37,"code":8896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8898,8899,8913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8900,8901,8903,8905,8907,8909,8911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8902,1326],{"class":54},[44,8904,1329],{"class":1075},[44,8906,1332],{"class":58},[44,8908,8231],{"class":62},[44,8910,1338],{"class":58},[44,8912,1341],{"class":54},[44,8914,8915],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,8916,4168],{"class":3978},[1474,8918,8556,8920,8922],{"id":8919},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8921,101],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8924,8925,8926,8928],{},"In Python, ",[15,8927,101],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[35,8930,8932],{"className":37,"code":8931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8933,8934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8935,8936,8938,8940,8942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8937,142],{"class":141},[44,8939,123],{"class":115},[44,8941,1297],{"class":1296},[44,8943,7596],{"class":115},[20,8945,155],{},[35,8947,8949],{"className":37,"code":8948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8950,8951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8952,8953,8955,8957,8959,8962,8964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8954,1326],{"class":54},[44,8956,1329],{"class":1075},[44,8958,1332],{"class":58},[44,8960,8961],{"class":62},"dict",[44,8963,1338],{"class":58},[44,8965,1341],{"class":54},[20,8967,8968],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,8970,8972],{"className":37,"code":8971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8973,8974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8975,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8977,142],{"class":141},[44,8979,123],{"class":115},[44,8981,1297],{"class":1296},[44,8983,123],{"class":115},[44,8985,6423],{"class":1296},[44,8987,6426],{"class":115},[20,8989,155],{},[35,8991,8993],{"className":37,"code":8992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8994,8995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8996,8997,8999,9001,9003,9005,9007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8998,1326],{"class":54},[44,9000,1329],{"class":1075},[44,9002,1332],{"class":58},[44,9004,6423],{"class":62},[44,9006,1338],{"class":58},[44,9008,1341],{"class":54},[30,9010,9012],{"id":9011},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,9014,9015,9016,9018],{},"If ",[15,9017,3938],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,9020,9022],{"className":37,"code":9021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,9023,9024,9038,9052,9062,9080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9025,9026,9028,9030,9032,9034,9036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9027,142],{"class":141},[44,9029,123],{"class":115},[44,9031,3994],{"class":1296},[44,9033,123],{"class":115},[44,9035,379],{"class":119},[44,9037,567],{"class":115},[44,9039,9040,9042,9044,9046,9048,9050],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9041,142],{"class":141},[44,9043,123],{"class":115},[44,9045,1297],{"class":1296},[44,9047,123],{"class":115},[44,9049,379],{"class":119},[44,9051,567],{"class":115},[44,9053,9054,9056,9058,9060],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,9055,142],{"class":141},[44,9057,123],{"class":115},[44,9059,379],{"class":119},[44,9061,135],{"class":115},[44,9063,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074,9076,9078],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,9065,142],{"class":141},[44,9067,123],{"class":115},[44,9069,2568],{"class":119},[44,9071,4819],{"class":54},[44,9073,59],{"class":58},[44,9075,3724],{"class":62},[44,9077,112],{"class":58},[44,9079,135],{"class":115},[44,9081,9082,9084,9086,9088,9090,9092,9094,9096],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,9083,142],{"class":141},[44,9085,123],{"class":115},[44,9087,379],{"class":119},[44,9089,116],{"class":115},[44,9091,8773],{"class":119},[44,9093,8776],{"class":115},[44,9095,8779],{"class":119},[44,9097,7332],{"class":115},[20,9099,9100],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[218,9102,9103,9106,9109,9112],{},[221,9104,9105],{},"what the value really is",[221,9107,9108],{},"whether it is a string",[221,9110,9111],{},"whether it contains spaces",[221,9113,9114],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9116,9117,9118,116],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[200,9119,9121],{"href":9120},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[30,9123,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,9125,9127],{"id":9126},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9129,9130,9131,3000,9133,116],{},"It returns either ",[15,9132,3724],{},[15,9134,3798],{},[1474,9136,9138],{"id":9137},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9140,5280,9141,116],{},[15,9142,3798],{},[1474,9144,9146],{"id":9145},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9148,9149,9150,116],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9151,3724],{},[1474,9153,9155],{"id":9154},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9157,9158,9159,116],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9160,3798],{},[1474,9162,9164],{"id":9163},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9166,9167,9168,3000,9170,3863],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9169,3724],{},[15,9171,3798],{},[30,9173,2019],{"id":2018},[218,9175,9176,9181,9185,9190,9194,9199],{},[221,9177,9178],{},[200,9179,9180],{"href":5912},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[221,9182,9183],{},[200,9184,8247],{"href":8246},[221,9186,9187],{},[200,9188,9189],{"href":8357},"Python input() function explained",[221,9191,9192],{},[200,9193,8581],{"href":2420},[221,9195,9196],{},[200,9197,9198],{"href":9120},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[221,9200,9201],{},[200,9202,9203],{"href":7348},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2048,9205,9206],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":9208},[9209,9210,9211,9212,9213,9214,9220,9226,9227,9235,9236,9243],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":7285,"depth":69,"text":7286},{"id":7352,"depth":69,"text":7353},{"id":7471,"depth":69,"text":7472},{"id":7666,"depth":69,"text":7667},{"id":7896,"depth":69,"text":7897,"children":9215},[9216,9217,9218,9219],{"id":7906,"depth":81,"text":7907},{"id":8004,"depth":81,"text":8005},{"id":8088,"depth":81,"text":8089},{"id":8160,"depth":81,"text":8161},{"id":8250,"depth":69,"text":8251,"children":9221},[9222,9224],{"id":8263,"depth":81,"text":9223},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8303,"depth":81,"text":9225},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8420,"depth":69,"text":8421},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":9228},[9229,9231,9232,9233],{"id":8591,"depth":81,"text":9230},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8687,"depth":81,"text":8688},{"id":8812,"depth":81,"text":8813},{"id":8919,"depth":81,"text":9234},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":9011,"depth":69,"text":9012},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":9237},[9238,9239,9240,9241,9242],{"id":9126,"depth":81,"text":9127},{"id":9137,"depth":81,"text":9138},{"id":9145,"depth":81,"text":9146},{"id":9154,"depth":81,"text":9155},{"id":9163,"depth":81,"text":9164},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7112,"description":9244},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9251,"title":9252,"body":9253,"description":11445,"extension":2084,"meta":11446,"navigation":84,"path":11447,"seo":11448,"stem":11449,"__hash__":11450},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9254,"toc":11407},[9255,9261,9267,9274,9279,9290,9297,9404,9408,9476,9481,9486,9491,9494,9505,9510,9513,9524,9531,9533,9538,9542,9567,9571,9580,9584,9647,9651,9684,9688,9733,9737,9774,9778,9781,9837,9841,9887,9890,9895,9934,9938,9961,9964,9977,9990,9994,9999,10066,10070,10106,10109,10117,10120,10184,10188,10220,10226,10228,10288,10295,10298,10376,10380,10413,10417,10420,10464,10468,10504,10507,10524,10527,10530,10583,10586,10597,10604,10613,10616,10674,10678,10719,10727,10735,10741,10749,10761,10766,10777,10850,10853,10865,10881,10885,10890,10894,10896,10939,10945,10948,11011,11015,11018,11027,11032,11069,11073,11076,11084,11087,11126,11130,11133,11184,11188,11209,11216,11218,11224,11251,11254,11309,11312,11323,11325,11332,11340,11346,11351,11358,11361,11368,11375,11377,11404],[10,9256,1013,9258,3699],{"id":9257},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9259,9260],{},"dict()",[20,9262,9263,9264,9266],{},"The built-in ",[15,9265,9260],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9268,9269,9270,9273],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[153,9271,9272],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9275,9276,9278],{},[15,9277,9260],{}," is commonly used to:",[218,9280,9281,9284,9287],{},[221,9282,9283],{},"create an empty dictionary",[221,9285,9286],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[221,9288,9289],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9291,9292,9293,116],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[200,9294,9296],{"href":9295},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,9298,9300],{"className":37,"code":9299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9301,9302,9335,9346,9350,9389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9303,9304,9307,9309,9312,9314,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9305,9306],{"class":50},"data ",[44,9308,55],{"class":54},[44,9310,9311],{"class":1296}," dict",[44,9313,123],{"class":115},[44,9315,126],{"class":826},[44,9317,55],{"class":54},[44,9319,1338],{"class":58},[44,9321,5135],{"class":62},[44,9323,1338],{"class":58},[44,9325,129],{"class":115},[44,9327,132],{"class":826},[44,9329,55],{"class":54},[44,9331,9332],{"class":77},"25",[44,9334,135],{"class":115},[44,9336,9337,9339,9341,9344],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9338,142],{"class":141},[44,9340,123],{"class":115},[44,9342,9343],{"class":119},"data",[44,9345,135],{"class":115},[44,9347,9348],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,9349,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,9351,9352,9355,9357,9360,9362,9364,9366,9368,9370,9373,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,9353,9354],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,9356,55],{"class":54},[44,9358,9359],{"class":115}," [(",[44,9361,1338],{"class":58},[44,9363,200],{"class":62},[44,9365,1338],{"class":58},[44,9367,129],{"class":115},[44,9369,5632],{"class":77},[44,9371,9372],{"class":115},"),",[44,9374,9375],{"class":115}," (",[44,9377,1338],{"class":58},[44,9379,4891],{"class":62},[44,9381,1338],{"class":58},[44,9383,129],{"class":115},[44,9385,3116],{"class":77},[44,9387,9388],{"class":115},")]\n",[44,9390,9391,9393,9395,9397,9399,9402],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,9392,142],{"class":141},[44,9394,123],{"class":115},[44,9396,8961],{"class":1296},[44,9398,123],{"class":115},[44,9400,9401],{"class":119},"pairs",[44,9403,567],{"class":115},[20,9405,9406],{},[153,9407,155],{},[35,9409,9411],{"className":37,"code":9410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9412,9413,9448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9414,9415,9417,9419,9421,9423,9425,9427,9429,9431,9433,9435,9438,9440,9442,9445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9416,1072],{"class":115},[44,9418,1338],{"class":58},[44,9420,126],{"class":62},[44,9422,1338],{"class":58},[44,9424,790],{"class":115},[44,9426,1332],{"class":58},[44,9428,5135],{"class":62},[44,9430,1338],{"class":58},[44,9432,129],{"class":115},[44,9434,1332],{"class":58},[44,9436,9437],{"class":62},"age",[44,9439,1338],{"class":58},[44,9441,790],{"class":115},[44,9443,9444],{"class":77}," 25",[44,9446,9447],{"class":115},"}\n",[44,9449,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466,9468,9470,9472,9474],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9451,1072],{"class":115},[44,9453,1338],{"class":58},[44,9455,200],{"class":62},[44,9457,1338],{"class":58},[44,9459,790],{"class":115},[44,9461,5632],{"class":77},[44,9463,129],{"class":115},[44,9465,1332],{"class":58},[44,9467,4891],{"class":62},[44,9469,1338],{"class":58},[44,9471,790],{"class":115},[44,9473,3116],{"class":77},[44,9475,9447],{"class":115},[20,9477,189,9478,9480],{},[15,9479,9260],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[30,9482,3802,9484,3805],{"id":9483},"what-dict-does",[15,9485,9260],{},[20,9487,9488,9490],{},[15,9489,9260],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9492,9493],{},"A dictionary:",[218,9495,9496,9499,9502],{},[221,9497,9498],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[221,9500,9501],{},"lets you look up values by key",[221,9503,9504],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9506,9507,9509],{},[15,9508,9260],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9511,9512],{},"Common uses include:",[218,9514,9515,9518,9521],{},[221,9516,9517],{},"making an empty dictionary",[221,9519,9520],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[221,9522,9523],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9525,9526,9527,116],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[200,9528,9530],{"href":9529},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[30,9532,351],{"id":350},[20,9534,9535,9537],{},[15,9536,9260],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1474,9539,9541],{"id":9540},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,9543,9545],{"className":37,"code":9544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9546,9547,9557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9548,9549,9551,9553,9555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9550,9306],{"class":50},[44,9552,55],{"class":54},[44,9554,9311],{"class":1296},[44,9556,8782],{"class":115},[44,9558,9559,9561,9563,9565],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9560,142],{"class":141},[44,9562,123],{"class":115},[44,9564,9343],{"class":119},[44,9566,135],{"class":115},[20,9568,9569],{},[153,9570,155],{},[35,9572,9574],{"className":37,"code":9573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,9575,9576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9577,9578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9579,9573],{"class":115},[1474,9581,9583],{"id":9582},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,9585,9587],{"className":37,"code":9586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9588,9589,9623,9637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9590,9591,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9592,9354],{"class":50},[44,9594,55],{"class":54},[44,9596,9359],{"class":115},[44,9598,1338],{"class":58},[44,9600,200],{"class":62},[44,9602,1338],{"class":58},[44,9604,129],{"class":115},[44,9606,5632],{"class":77},[44,9608,9372],{"class":115},[44,9610,9375],{"class":115},[44,9612,1338],{"class":58},[44,9614,4891],{"class":62},[44,9616,1338],{"class":58},[44,9618,129],{"class":115},[44,9620,3116],{"class":77},[44,9622,9388],{"class":115},[44,9624,9625,9627,9629,9631,9633,9635],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9626,9306],{"class":50},[44,9628,55],{"class":54},[44,9630,9311],{"class":1296},[44,9632,123],{"class":115},[44,9634,9401],{"class":119},[44,9636,135],{"class":115},[44,9638,9639,9641,9643,9645],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,9640,142],{"class":141},[44,9642,123],{"class":115},[44,9644,9343],{"class":119},[44,9646,135],{"class":115},[20,9648,9649],{},[153,9650,155],{},[35,9652,9654],{"className":37,"code":9653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9655,9656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9657,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9659,1072],{"class":115},[44,9661,1338],{"class":58},[44,9663,200],{"class":62},[44,9665,1338],{"class":58},[44,9667,790],{"class":115},[44,9669,5632],{"class":77},[44,9671,129],{"class":115},[44,9673,1332],{"class":58},[44,9675,4891],{"class":62},[44,9677,1338],{"class":58},[44,9679,790],{"class":115},[44,9681,3116],{"class":77},[44,9683,9447],{"class":115},[1474,9685,9687],{"id":9686},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,9689,9691],{"className":37,"code":9690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9692,9693,9723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9694,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9696,9306],{"class":50},[44,9698,55],{"class":54},[44,9700,9311],{"class":1296},[44,9702,123],{"class":115},[44,9704,126],{"class":826},[44,9706,55],{"class":54},[44,9708,1338],{"class":58},[44,9710,5135],{"class":62},[44,9712,1338],{"class":58},[44,9714,129],{"class":115},[44,9716,132],{"class":826},[44,9718,55],{"class":54},[44,9720,9332],{"class":77},[44,9722,135],{"class":115},[44,9724,9725,9727,9729,9731],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9726,142],{"class":141},[44,9728,123],{"class":115},[44,9730,9343],{"class":119},[44,9732,135],{"class":115},[20,9734,9735],{},[153,9736,155],{},[35,9738,9740],{"className":37,"code":9739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9741,9742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9743,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9745,1072],{"class":115},[44,9747,1338],{"class":58},[44,9749,126],{"class":62},[44,9751,1338],{"class":58},[44,9753,790],{"class":115},[44,9755,1332],{"class":58},[44,9757,5135],{"class":62},[44,9759,1338],{"class":58},[44,9761,129],{"class":115},[44,9763,1332],{"class":58},[44,9765,9437],{"class":62},[44,9767,1338],{"class":58},[44,9769,790],{"class":115},[44,9771,9444],{"class":77},[44,9773,9447],{"class":115},[1474,9775,9777],{"id":9776},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9779,9780],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,9782,9784],{"className":37,"code":9783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9785,9786,9827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9787,9788,9790,9792,9794,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818,9821,9823,9825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9789,9306],{"class":50},[44,9791,55],{"class":54},[44,9793,9311],{"class":1296},[44,9795,9796],{"class":115},"([(",[44,9798,1338],{"class":58},[44,9800,200],{"class":62},[44,9802,1338],{"class":58},[44,9804,129],{"class":115},[44,9806,5632],{"class":77},[44,9808,9809],{"class":115},")],",[44,9811,2681],{"class":826},[44,9813,55],{"class":54},[44,9815,2177],{"class":77},[44,9817,129],{"class":115},[44,9819,9820],{"class":826}," c",[44,9822,55],{"class":54},[44,9824,2183],{"class":77},[44,9826,135],{"class":115},[44,9828,9829,9831,9833,9835],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9830,142],{"class":141},[44,9832,123],{"class":115},[44,9834,9343],{"class":119},[44,9836,135],{"class":115},[20,9838,9839],{},[153,9840,155],{},[35,9842,9844],{"className":37,"code":9843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9845,9846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9847,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876,9879,9881,9883,9885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9849,1072],{"class":115},[44,9851,1338],{"class":58},[44,9853,200],{"class":62},[44,9855,1338],{"class":58},[44,9857,790],{"class":115},[44,9859,5632],{"class":77},[44,9861,129],{"class":115},[44,9863,1332],{"class":58},[44,9865,4891],{"class":62},[44,9867,1338],{"class":58},[44,9869,790],{"class":115},[44,9871,3116],{"class":77},[44,9873,129],{"class":115},[44,9875,1332],{"class":58},[44,9877,9878],{"class":62},"c",[44,9880,1338],{"class":58},[44,9882,790],{"class":115},[44,9884,2573],{"class":77},[44,9886,9447],{"class":115},[30,9888,9541],{"id":9889},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9891,189,9892,9894],{},[15,9893,9260],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,9896,9898],{"className":37,"code":9897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9899,9900,9910,9924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9901,9902,9904,9906,9908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9903,9306],{"class":50},[44,9905,55],{"class":54},[44,9907,9311],{"class":1296},[44,9909,8782],{"class":115},[44,9911,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9913,142],{"class":141},[44,9915,123],{"class":115},[44,9917,1297],{"class":1296},[44,9919,123],{"class":115},[44,9921,9343],{"class":119},[44,9923,567],{"class":115},[44,9925,9926,9928,9930,9932],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,9927,142],{"class":141},[44,9929,123],{"class":115},[44,9931,9343],{"class":119},[44,9933,135],{"class":115},[20,9935,9936],{},[153,9937,155],{},[35,9939,9941],{"className":37,"code":9940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9942,9943,9957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9944,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9946,1326],{"class":54},[44,9948,1329],{"class":1075},[44,9950,1332],{"class":58},[44,9952,8961],{"class":62},[44,9954,1338],{"class":58},[44,9956,1341],{"class":54},[44,9958,9959],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,9960,9573],{"class":115},[20,9962,9963],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,9965,9967],{"className":37,"code":9966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,9968,9969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9970,9971,9973,9975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9972,9306],{"class":50},[44,9974,55],{"class":54},[44,9976,338],{"class":115},[20,9978,9979,9980,9982,9983,9986,9987,9989],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9981,101],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9984,9985],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9988,9260],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[30,9991,9993],{"id":9992},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9995,9996,9997,116],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9998,9260],{},[35,10000,10002],{"className":37,"code":10001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10003,10004,10042,10056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10005,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020,10022,10024,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10007,9354],{"class":50},[44,10009,55],{"class":54},[44,10011,9359],{"class":115},[44,10013,1338],{"class":58},[44,10015,126],{"class":62},[44,10017,1338],{"class":58},[44,10019,129],{"class":115},[44,10021,1332],{"class":58},[44,10023,5135],{"class":62},[44,10025,1338],{"class":58},[44,10027,9372],{"class":115},[44,10029,9375],{"class":115},[44,10031,1338],{"class":58},[44,10033,9437],{"class":62},[44,10035,1338],{"class":58},[44,10037,129],{"class":115},[44,10039,9444],{"class":77},[44,10041,9388],{"class":115},[44,10043,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052,10054],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10045,9306],{"class":50},[44,10047,55],{"class":54},[44,10049,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10051,123],{"class":115},[44,10053,9401],{"class":119},[44,10055,135],{"class":115},[44,10057,10058,10060,10062,10064],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,10059,142],{"class":141},[44,10061,123],{"class":115},[44,10063,9343],{"class":119},[44,10065,135],{"class":115},[20,10067,10068],{},[153,10069,155],{},[35,10071,10072],{"className":37,"code":9739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10073,10074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10075,10076,10078,10080,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10077,1072],{"class":115},[44,10079,1338],{"class":58},[44,10081,126],{"class":62},[44,10083,1338],{"class":58},[44,10085,790],{"class":115},[44,10087,1332],{"class":58},[44,10089,5135],{"class":62},[44,10091,1338],{"class":58},[44,10093,129],{"class":115},[44,10095,1332],{"class":58},[44,10097,9437],{"class":62},[44,10099,1338],{"class":58},[44,10101,790],{"class":115},[44,10103,9444],{"class":77},[44,10105,9447],{"class":115},[20,10107,10108],{},"Each pair becomes:",[218,10110,10111,10114],{},[221,10112,10113],{},"the first item as the key",[221,10115,10116],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10118,10119],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,10121,10123],{"className":37,"code":10122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10124,10125,10160,10174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10126,10127,10129,10131,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10128,9354],{"class":50},[44,10130,55],{"class":54},[44,10132,10133],{"class":115}," ((",[44,10135,1338],{"class":58},[44,10137,200],{"class":62},[44,10139,1338],{"class":58},[44,10141,129],{"class":115},[44,10143,5632],{"class":77},[44,10145,9372],{"class":115},[44,10147,9375],{"class":115},[44,10149,1338],{"class":58},[44,10151,4891],{"class":62},[44,10153,1338],{"class":58},[44,10155,129],{"class":115},[44,10157,3116],{"class":77},[44,10159,567],{"class":115},[44,10161,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10163,9306],{"class":50},[44,10165,55],{"class":54},[44,10167,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10169,123],{"class":115},[44,10171,9401],{"class":119},[44,10173,135],{"class":115},[44,10175,10176,10178,10180,10182],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,10177,142],{"class":141},[44,10179,123],{"class":115},[44,10181,9343],{"class":119},[44,10183,135],{"class":115},[20,10185,10186],{},[153,10187,155],{},[35,10189,10190],{"className":37,"code":9653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10191,10192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10193,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10195,1072],{"class":115},[44,10197,1338],{"class":58},[44,10199,200],{"class":62},[44,10201,1338],{"class":58},[44,10203,790],{"class":115},[44,10205,5632],{"class":77},[44,10207,129],{"class":115},[44,10209,1332],{"class":58},[44,10211,4891],{"class":62},[44,10213,1338],{"class":58},[44,10215,790],{"class":115},[44,10217,3116],{"class":77},[44,10219,9447],{"class":115},[20,10221,10222,10223,116],{},"Each item must contain ",[153,10224,10225],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10227,2958],{},[35,10229,10231],{"className":37,"code":10230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10232,10233,10273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10234,10235,10238,10240,10242,10244,10246,10248,10250,10252,10254,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10236,10237],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,10239,55],{"class":54},[44,10241,9359],{"class":115},[44,10243,1338],{"class":58},[44,10245,200],{"class":62},[44,10247,1338],{"class":58},[44,10249,129],{"class":115},[44,10251,5632],{"class":77},[44,10253,129],{"class":115},[44,10255,10256],{"class":77}," 100",[44,10258,9372],{"class":115},[44,10260,9375],{"class":115},[44,10262,1338],{"class":58},[44,10264,4891],{"class":62},[44,10266,1338],{"class":58},[44,10268,129],{"class":115},[44,10270,3116],{"class":77},[44,10272,9388],{"class":115},[44,10274,10275,10277,10279,10281,10283,10286],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10276,2351],{"class":50},[44,10278,55],{"class":54},[44,10280,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10282,123],{"class":115},[44,10284,10285],{"class":119},"bad_data",[44,10287,135],{"class":115},[20,10289,10290,10291,10294],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10292,10293],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10296,10297],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,10299,10301],{"className":37,"code":10300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10302,10303,10352,10366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10304,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10336,10338,10340,10342,10344,10346,10348,10350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10306,9354],{"class":50},[44,10308,55],{"class":54},[44,10310,9359],{"class":115},[44,10312,1338],{"class":58},[44,10314,200],{"class":62},[44,10316,1338],{"class":58},[44,10318,129],{"class":115},[44,10320,5632],{"class":77},[44,10322,9372],{"class":115},[44,10324,9375],{"class":115},[44,10326,1338],{"class":58},[44,10328,200],{"class":62},[44,10330,1338],{"class":58},[44,10332,129],{"class":115},[44,10334,10335],{"class":77}," 99",[44,10337,9372],{"class":115},[44,10339,9375],{"class":115},[44,10341,1338],{"class":58},[44,10343,4891],{"class":62},[44,10345,1338],{"class":58},[44,10347,129],{"class":115},[44,10349,3116],{"class":77},[44,10351,9388],{"class":115},[44,10353,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362,10364],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10355,9306],{"class":50},[44,10357,55],{"class":54},[44,10359,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10361,123],{"class":115},[44,10363,9401],{"class":119},[44,10365,135],{"class":115},[44,10367,10368,10370,10372,10374],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,10369,142],{"class":141},[44,10371,123],{"class":115},[44,10373,9343],{"class":119},[44,10375,135],{"class":115},[20,10377,10378],{},[153,10379,155],{},[35,10381,10383],{"className":37,"code":10382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10384,10385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10386,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10388,1072],{"class":115},[44,10390,1338],{"class":58},[44,10392,200],{"class":62},[44,10394,1338],{"class":58},[44,10396,790],{"class":115},[44,10398,10335],{"class":77},[44,10400,129],{"class":115},[44,10402,1332],{"class":58},[44,10404,4891],{"class":62},[44,10406,1338],{"class":58},[44,10408,790],{"class":115},[44,10410,3116],{"class":77},[44,10412,9447],{"class":115},[30,10414,10416],{"id":10415},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10418,10419],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,10421,10422],{"className":37,"code":9690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10423,10424,10454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10425,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10427,9306],{"class":50},[44,10429,55],{"class":54},[44,10431,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10433,123],{"class":115},[44,10435,126],{"class":826},[44,10437,55],{"class":54},[44,10439,1338],{"class":58},[44,10441,5135],{"class":62},[44,10443,1338],{"class":58},[44,10445,129],{"class":115},[44,10447,132],{"class":826},[44,10449,55],{"class":54},[44,10451,9332],{"class":77},[44,10453,135],{"class":115},[44,10455,10456,10458,10460,10462],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10457,142],{"class":141},[44,10459,123],{"class":115},[44,10461,9343],{"class":119},[44,10463,135],{"class":115},[20,10465,10466],{},[153,10467,155],{},[35,10469,10470],{"className":37,"code":9739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10471,10472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10473,10474,10476,10478,10480,10482,10484,10486,10488,10490,10492,10494,10496,10498,10500,10502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10475,1072],{"class":115},[44,10477,1338],{"class":58},[44,10479,126],{"class":62},[44,10481,1338],{"class":58},[44,10483,790],{"class":115},[44,10485,1332],{"class":58},[44,10487,5135],{"class":62},[44,10489,1338],{"class":58},[44,10491,129],{"class":115},[44,10493,1332],{"class":58},[44,10495,9437],{"class":62},[44,10497,1338],{"class":58},[44,10499,790],{"class":115},[44,10501,9444],{"class":77},[44,10503,9447],{"class":115},[20,10505,10506],{},"In this form:",[218,10508,10509,10517],{},[221,10510,10511,10513,10514],{},[15,10512,126],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10515,10516],{},"'name'",[221,10518,10519,10513,10521],{},[15,10520,9437],{},[15,10522,10523],{},"'age'",[20,10525,10526],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10528,10529],{},"Valid examples:",[35,10531,10533],{"className":37,"code":10532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10534,10535,10573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10536,10537,10539,10541,10543,10545,10548,10550,10552,10555,10557,10559,10562,10564,10566,10569,10571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10538,9306],{"class":50},[44,10540,55],{"class":54},[44,10542,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10544,123],{"class":115},[44,10546,10547],{"class":826},"city",[44,10549,55],{"class":54},[44,10551,1338],{"class":58},[44,10553,10554],{"class":62},"Paris",[44,10556,1338],{"class":58},[44,10558,129],{"class":115},[44,10560,10561],{"class":826}," country",[44,10563,55],{"class":54},[44,10565,1338],{"class":58},[44,10567,10568],{"class":62},"France",[44,10570,1338],{"class":58},[44,10572,135],{"class":115},[44,10574,10575,10577,10579,10581],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10576,142],{"class":141},[44,10578,123],{"class":115},[44,10580,9343],{"class":119},[44,10582,135],{"class":115},[20,10584,10585],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[218,10587,10588,10591,10594],{},[221,10589,10590],{},"spaces",[221,10592,10593],{},"hyphens",[221,10595,10596],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10598,10599,10600,10603],{},"For example, this is ",[153,10601,10602],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,10605,10607],{"className":37,"code":10606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10608,10609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10610,10611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10612,10606],{"class":3787},[20,10614,10615],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10617,10619],{"className":37,"code":10618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10620,10621,10664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10622,10623,10625,10627,10630,10632,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10624,9306],{"class":50},[44,10626,55],{"class":54},[44,10628,10629],{"class":115}," {",[44,10631,1338],{"class":58},[44,10633,10634],{"class":62},"first-name",[44,10636,1338],{"class":58},[44,10638,790],{"class":115},[44,10640,1332],{"class":58},[44,10642,280],{"class":62},[44,10644,1338],{"class":58},[44,10646,129],{"class":115},[44,10648,1332],{"class":58},[44,10650,10651],{"class":62},"first name",[44,10653,1338],{"class":58},[44,10655,790],{"class":115},[44,10657,1332],{"class":58},[44,10659,280],{"class":62},[44,10661,1338],{"class":58},[44,10663,9447],{"class":115},[44,10665,10666,10668,10670,10672],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10667,142],{"class":141},[44,10669,123],{"class":115},[44,10671,9343],{"class":119},[44,10673,135],{"class":115},[20,10675,10676],{},[153,10677,155],{},[35,10679,10681],{"className":37,"code":10680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10682,10683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10684,10685,10687,10689,10691,10693,10695,10697,10699,10701,10703,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10686,1072],{"class":115},[44,10688,1338],{"class":58},[44,10690,10634],{"class":62},[44,10692,1338],{"class":58},[44,10694,790],{"class":115},[44,10696,1332],{"class":58},[44,10698,280],{"class":62},[44,10700,1338],{"class":58},[44,10702,129],{"class":115},[44,10704,1332],{"class":58},[44,10706,10651],{"class":62},[44,10708,1338],{"class":58},[44,10710,790],{"class":115},[44,10712,1332],{"class":58},[44,10714,280],{"class":62},[44,10716,1338],{"class":58},[44,10718,9447],{"class":115},[30,10720,10722,10724,10725],{"id":10721},"dict-vs",[15,10723,9260],{}," vs ",[15,10726,101],{},[20,10728,10729,10730,536,10732,10734],{},"Both ",[15,10731,9260],{},[15,10733,101],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1474,10736,189,10738,10740],{"id":10737},"use-when",[15,10739,101],{}," when:",[218,10742,10743,10746],{},[221,10744,10745],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[221,10747,10748],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,10750,10751],{"className":37,"code":9966,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10752,10753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10754,10755,10757,10759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10756,9306],{"class":50},[44,10758,55],{"class":54},[44,10760,338],{"class":115},[1474,10762,189,10764,10740],{"id":10763},"use-dict-when",[15,10765,9260],{},[218,10767,10768,10771,10774],{},[221,10769,10770],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[221,10772,10773],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[221,10775,10776],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,10778,10780],{"className":37,"code":10779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10781,10782,10819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10783,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796,10798,10800,10802,10804,10806,10808,10810,10812,10814,10816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10785,9306],{"class":50},[44,10787,55],{"class":54},[44,10789,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10791,9796],{"class":115},[44,10793,1338],{"class":58},[44,10795,200],{"class":62},[44,10797,1338],{"class":58},[44,10799,129],{"class":115},[44,10801,5632],{"class":77},[44,10803,9372],{"class":115},[44,10805,9375],{"class":115},[44,10807,1338],{"class":58},[44,10809,4891],{"class":62},[44,10811,1338],{"class":58},[44,10813,129],{"class":115},[44,10815,3116],{"class":77},[44,10817,10818],{"class":115},")])\n",[44,10820,10821,10824,10826,10828,10830,10832,10834,10836,10838,10840,10842,10844,10846,10848],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10822,10823],{"class":50},"info ",[44,10825,55],{"class":54},[44,10827,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10829,123],{"class":115},[44,10831,126],{"class":826},[44,10833,55],{"class":54},[44,10835,1338],{"class":58},[44,10837,5135],{"class":62},[44,10839,1338],{"class":58},[44,10841,129],{"class":115},[44,10843,132],{"class":826},[44,10845,55],{"class":54},[44,10847,9332],{"class":77},[44,10849,135],{"class":115},[20,10851,10852],{},"So:",[218,10854,10855,10860],{},[221,10856,10857,10859],{},[15,10858,101],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[221,10861,10862,10864],{},[15,10863,9260],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10866,10867,10868,10872,10873,116],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[200,10869,10871],{"href":10870},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[200,10874,10876,10877,10880],{"href":10875},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10878,10879],{},"get()"," method",[30,10882,10884],{"id":10883},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10886,10887,10888,116],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10889,9260],{},[1474,10891,10893],{"id":10892},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10895,4655],{},[35,10897,10899],{"className":37,"code":10898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10900,10901,10925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10902,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919,10921,10923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10904,7917],{"class":50},[44,10906,55],{"class":54},[44,10908,3744],{"class":115},[44,10910,1338],{"class":58},[44,10912,200],{"class":62},[44,10914,1338],{"class":58},[44,10916,129],{"class":115},[44,10918,1332],{"class":58},[44,10920,4891],{"class":62},[44,10922,1338],{"class":58},[44,10924,3757],{"class":115},[44,10926,10927,10929,10931,10933,10935,10937],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10928,9306],{"class":50},[44,10930,55],{"class":54},[44,10932,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10934,123],{"class":115},[44,10936,7948],{"class":119},[44,10938,135],{"class":115},[20,10940,10941,10942,116],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10943,10944],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10946,10947],{},"Correct version:",[35,10949,10951],{"className":37,"code":10950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10952,10953,10987,11001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10954,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967,10969,10971,10973,10975,10977,10979,10981,10983,10985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10956,7917],{"class":50},[44,10958,55],{"class":54},[44,10960,9359],{"class":115},[44,10962,1338],{"class":58},[44,10964,200],{"class":62},[44,10966,1338],{"class":58},[44,10968,129],{"class":115},[44,10970,5632],{"class":77},[44,10972,9372],{"class":115},[44,10974,9375],{"class":115},[44,10976,1338],{"class":58},[44,10978,4891],{"class":62},[44,10980,1338],{"class":58},[44,10982,129],{"class":115},[44,10984,3116],{"class":77},[44,10986,9388],{"class":115},[44,10988,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,10990,9306],{"class":50},[44,10992,55],{"class":54},[44,10994,9311],{"class":1296},[44,10996,123],{"class":115},[44,10998,7948],{"class":119},[44,11000,135],{"class":115},[44,11002,11003,11005,11007,11009],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,11004,142],{"class":141},[44,11006,123],{"class":115},[44,11008,9343],{"class":119},[44,11010,135],{"class":115},[1474,11012,11014],{"id":11013},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,11016,11017],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,11019,11021],{"className":37,"code":11020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,11022,11023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11024,11025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11026,11020],{"class":3787},[20,11028,11029,11030,790],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,11031,55],{},[35,11033,11035],{"className":37,"code":11034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,11036,11037,11059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11038,11039,11041,11043,11045,11047,11049,11051,11053,11055,11057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11040,9306],{"class":50},[44,11042,55],{"class":54},[44,11044,9311],{"class":1296},[44,11046,123],{"class":115},[44,11048,126],{"class":826},[44,11050,55],{"class":54},[44,11052,1338],{"class":58},[44,11054,5135],{"class":62},[44,11056,1338],{"class":58},[44,11058,135],{"class":115},[44,11060,11061,11063,11065,11067],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11062,142],{"class":141},[44,11064,123],{"class":115},[44,11066,9343],{"class":119},[44,11068,135],{"class":115},[1474,11070,11072],{"id":11071},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11074,11075],{},"This will not work:",[35,11077,11078],{"className":37,"code":10606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11079,11080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11081,11082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11083,10606],{"class":3787},[20,11085,11086],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,11088,11090],{"className":37,"code":11089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11091,11092,11116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11093,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112,11114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11095,9306],{"class":50},[44,11097,55],{"class":54},[44,11099,10629],{"class":115},[44,11101,1338],{"class":58},[44,11103,10634],{"class":62},[44,11105,1338],{"class":58},[44,11107,790],{"class":115},[44,11109,1332],{"class":58},[44,11111,280],{"class":62},[44,11113,1338],{"class":58},[44,11115,9447],{"class":115},[44,11117,11118,11120,11122,11124],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11119,142],{"class":141},[44,11121,123],{"class":115},[44,11123,9343],{"class":119},[44,11125,135],{"class":115},[1474,11127,11129],{"id":11128},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11131,11132],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,11134,11136],{"className":37,"code":11135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11137,11138,11174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11139,11140,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150,11152,11154,11156,11158,11160,11162,11164,11166,11168,11170,11172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11141,9306],{"class":50},[44,11143,55],{"class":54},[44,11145,9311],{"class":1296},[44,11147,9796],{"class":115},[44,11149,1338],{"class":58},[44,11151,2294],{"class":62},[44,11153,1338],{"class":58},[44,11155,129],{"class":115},[44,11157,5632],{"class":77},[44,11159,9372],{"class":115},[44,11161,9375],{"class":115},[44,11163,1338],{"class":58},[44,11165,2294],{"class":62},[44,11167,1338],{"class":58},[44,11169,129],{"class":115},[44,11171,3116],{"class":77},[44,11173,10818],{"class":115},[44,11175,11176,11178,11180,11182],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11177,142],{"class":141},[44,11179,123],{"class":115},[44,11181,9343],{"class":119},[44,11183,135],{"class":115},[20,11185,11186],{},[153,11187,155],{},[35,11189,11191],{"className":37,"code":11190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11192,11193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11194,11195,11197,11199,11201,11203,11205,11207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11196,1072],{"class":115},[44,11198,1338],{"class":58},[44,11200,2294],{"class":62},[44,11202,1338],{"class":58},[44,11204,790],{"class":115},[44,11206,3116],{"class":77},[44,11208,9447],{"class":115},[20,11210,11211,11212,116],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[200,11213,11215],{"href":11214},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[30,11217,1467],{"id":1466},[20,11219,11220,11221,11223],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11222,9260],{}," include:",[218,11225,11226,11236,11242,11245],{},[221,11227,11228,11229,11232,11233],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11230,11231],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11234,11235],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[221,11237,11238,11239],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11240,11241],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[221,11243,11244],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[221,11246,11247,11248,11250],{},"confusing ",[15,11249,9260],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11252,11253],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,11255,11257],{"className":37,"code":11256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11258,11259,11273,11283,11294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11260,11261,11263,11265,11267,11269,11271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11262,142],{"class":141},[44,11264,123],{"class":115},[44,11266,1297],{"class":1296},[44,11268,123],{"class":115},[44,11270,9343],{"class":119},[44,11272,567],{"class":115},[44,11274,11275,11277,11279,11281],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11276,142],{"class":141},[44,11278,123],{"class":115},[44,11280,9343],{"class":119},[44,11282,135],{"class":115},[44,11284,11285,11287,11289,11292],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,11286,142],{"class":141},[44,11288,123],{"class":115},[44,11290,11291],{"class":119},"list_of_pairs",[44,11293,135],{"class":115},[44,11295,11296,11298,11300,11303,11305,11307],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,11297,142],{"class":141},[44,11299,123],{"class":115},[44,11301,11302],{"class":141},"len",[44,11304,123],{"class":115},[44,11306,11291],{"class":119},[44,11308,567],{"class":115},[20,11310,11311],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[218,11313,11314,11317,11320],{},[221,11315,11316],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[221,11318,11319],{},"what data is being passed in",[221,11321,11322],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[30,11324,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,11326,5312,11328,536,11330,1995],{"id":11327},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11329,9260],{},[15,11331,101],{},[20,11333,11334,11336,11337,11339],{},[15,11335,101],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11338,9260],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1474,11341,5302,11343,11345],{"id":11342},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11344,9260],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11347,11348,11349,116],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11350,11235],{},[1474,11352,5290,11354,11357],{"id":11353},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11355,11356],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11359,11360],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1474,11362,11364,11365,11367],{"id":11363},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11366,9260],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11369,11370,11371,11374],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11372,11373],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[30,11376,2019],{"id":2018},[218,11378,11379,11384,11388,11393,11399],{},[221,11380,11381],{},[200,11382,11383],{"href":9529},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[221,11385,11386],{},[200,11387,9296],{"href":9295},[221,11389,11390],{},[200,11391,11392],{"href":10870},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[221,11394,11395],{},[200,11396,10876,11397,10880],{"href":10875},[15,11398,10879],{},[221,11400,11401],{},[200,11402,11403],{"href":11214},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2048,11405,11406],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":11408},[11409,11411,11417,11418,11419,11420,11427,11433,11434,11444],{"id":9483,"depth":69,"text":11410},"What dict() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":11412},[11413,11414,11415,11416],{"id":9540,"depth":81,"text":9541},{"id":9582,"depth":81,"text":9583},{"id":9686,"depth":81,"text":9687},{"id":9776,"depth":81,"text":9777},{"id":9889,"depth":69,"text":9541},{"id":9992,"depth":69,"text":9993},{"id":10415,"depth":69,"text":10416},{"id":10721,"depth":69,"text":11421,"children":11422},"dict() vs {}",[11423,11425],{"id":10737,"depth":81,"text":11424},"Use {} when:",{"id":10763,"depth":81,"text":11426},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10883,"depth":69,"text":10884,"children":11428},[11429,11430,11431,11432],{"id":10892,"depth":81,"text":10893},{"id":11013,"depth":81,"text":11014},{"id":11071,"depth":81,"text":11072},{"id":11128,"depth":81,"text":11129},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":11435},[11436,11438,11440,11442],{"id":11327,"depth":81,"text":11437},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11342,"depth":81,"text":11439},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11353,"depth":81,"text":11441},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11363,"depth":81,"text":11443},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9252,"description":11445},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11452,"title":11453,"body":11454,"description":12961,"extension":2084,"meta":12962,"navigation":84,"path":12963,"seo":12964,"stem":12965,"__hash__":12966},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11455,"toc":12930},[11456,11463,11469,11476,11478,11539,11544,11549,11553,11571,11574,11578,11580,11596,11599,11612,11616,11619,11752,11754,11821,11824,11840,11846,11852,11855,11937,11939,11953,11957,11963,12028,12030,12038,12041,12064,12070,12133,12139,12142,12156,12169,12173,12184,12189,12200,12207,12211,12217,12338,12340,12366,12369,12386,12389,12500,12502,12551,12553,12566,12575,12580,12585,12596,12598,12701,12724,12726,12730,12749,12752,12810,12813,12839,12841,12848,12851,12856,12860,12867,12875,12881,12884,12886,12927],[10,11457,11459,11460,18],{"id":11458},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11461,11462],{},"clear()",[20,11464,11465,11468],{},[15,11466,11467],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11470,11471,11472,11475],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[153,11473,11474],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[30,11477,33],{"id":32},[35,11479,11481],{"className":37,"code":11480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11482,11483,11515,11526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11484,11485,11487,11489,11491,11493,11495,11497,11499,11501,11503,11505,11507,11509,11511,11513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11486,9306],{"class":50},[44,11488,55],{"class":54},[44,11490,10629],{"class":115},[44,11492,112],{"class":58},[44,11494,200],{"class":62},[44,11496,112],{"class":58},[44,11498,790],{"class":115},[44,11500,5632],{"class":77},[44,11502,129],{"class":115},[44,11504,59],{"class":58},[44,11506,4891],{"class":62},[44,11508,112],{"class":58},[44,11510,790],{"class":115},[44,11512,3116],{"class":77},[44,11514,9447],{"class":115},[44,11516,11517,11519,11521,11524],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11518,9343],{"class":50},[44,11520,116],{"class":115},[44,11522,11523],{"class":119},"clear",[44,11525,8782],{"class":115},[44,11527,11528,11530,11532,11534,11536],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,11529,142],{"class":141},[44,11531,123],{"class":115},[44,11533,9343],{"class":119},[44,11535,3784],{"class":115},[44,11537,11538],{"class":3787},"  # {}\n",[20,11540,11541,11543],{},[15,11542,11462],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[30,11545,3802,11547,3805],{"id":11546},"what-clear-does",[15,11548,11462],{},[20,11550,213,11551,216],{},[15,11552,11462],{},[218,11554,11555,11558,11561,11566],{},[221,11556,11557],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[221,11559,11560],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[221,11562,11563,11564],{},"Returns ",[15,11565,3904],{},[221,11567,11568,11569],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11570,101],{},[20,11572,11573],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11575,9292,11576,116],{},[200,11577,9296],{"href":9295},[30,11579,351],{"id":350},[35,11581,11583],{"className":37,"code":11582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11584,11585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11586,11587,11590,11592,11594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11588,11589],{"class":50},"my_dict",[44,11591,116],{"class":115},[44,11593,11523],{"class":119},[44,11595,8782],{"class":115},[20,11597,11598],{},"Important points:",[218,11600,11601,11606,11609],{},[221,11602,11603,11605],{},[15,11604,11462],{}," takes no arguments",[221,11607,11608],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[221,11610,11611],{},"It empties that dictionary",[30,11613,11615],{"id":11614},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11617,11618],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,11620,11622],{"className":37,"code":11621,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11623,11624,11634,11654,11668,11685,11689,11693,11713,11717,11728,11732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11625,11626,11629,11631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11627,11628],{"class":50},"user ",[44,11630,55],{"class":54},[44,11632,11633],{"class":115}," {\n",[44,11635,11636,11639,11641,11643,11645,11647,11649,11651],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11637,11638],{"class":58},"    \"",[44,11640,126],{"class":62},[44,11642,112],{"class":58},[44,11644,790],{"class":115},[44,11646,59],{"class":58},[44,11648,63],{"class":62},[44,11650,112],{"class":58},[44,11652,11653],{"class":115},",\n",[44,11655,11656,11658,11660,11662,11664,11666],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,11657,11638],{"class":58},[44,11659,9437],{"class":62},[44,11661,112],{"class":58},[44,11663,790],{"class":115},[44,11665,9444],{"class":77},[44,11667,11653],{"class":115},[44,11669,11670,11672,11674,11676,11678,11680,11683],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,11671,11638],{"class":58},[44,11673,10547],{"class":62},[44,11675,112],{"class":58},[44,11677,790],{"class":115},[44,11679,59],{"class":58},[44,11681,11682],{"class":62},"Berlin",[44,11684,66],{"class":58},[44,11686,11687],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,11688,9447],{"class":115},[44,11690,11691],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,11692,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,11694,11695,11697,11699,11701,11704,11706,11708,11711],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,11696,142],{"class":141},[44,11698,123],{"class":115},[44,11700,112],{"class":58},[44,11702,11703],{"class":62},"Before:",[44,11705,112],{"class":58},[44,11707,129],{"class":115},[44,11709,11710],{"class":119}," user",[44,11712,135],{"class":115},[44,11714,11715],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,11716,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,11718,11719,11722,11724,11726],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,11720,11721],{"class":50},"user",[44,11723,116],{"class":115},[44,11725,11523],{"class":119},[44,11727,8782],{"class":115},[44,11729,11730],{"class":46,"line":6574},[44,11731,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11744,11746,11748,11750],{"class":46,"line":11734},11,[44,11736,142],{"class":141},[44,11738,123],{"class":115},[44,11740,112],{"class":58},[44,11742,11743],{"class":62},"After:",[44,11745,112],{"class":58},[44,11747,129],{"class":115},[44,11749,11710],{"class":119},[44,11751,135],{"class":115},[20,11753,5694],{},[35,11755,11757],{"className":37,"code":11756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11758,11759,11812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11760,11761,11764,11766,11768,11770,11772,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784,11786,11788,11790,11792,11794,11796,11798,11800,11802,11804,11806,11808,11810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11762,11763],{"class":50},"Before",[44,11765,790],{"class":115},[44,11767,10629],{"class":115},[44,11769,1338],{"class":58},[44,11771,126],{"class":62},[44,11773,1338],{"class":58},[44,11775,790],{"class":115},[44,11777,1332],{"class":58},[44,11779,63],{"class":62},[44,11781,1338],{"class":58},[44,11783,129],{"class":115},[44,11785,1332],{"class":58},[44,11787,9437],{"class":62},[44,11789,1338],{"class":58},[44,11791,790],{"class":115},[44,11793,9444],{"class":77},[44,11795,129],{"class":115},[44,11797,1332],{"class":58},[44,11799,10547],{"class":62},[44,11801,1338],{"class":58},[44,11803,790],{"class":115},[44,11805,1332],{"class":58},[44,11807,11682],{"class":62},[44,11809,1338],{"class":58},[44,11811,9447],{"class":115},[44,11813,11814,11817,11819],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11815,11816],{"class":50},"After",[44,11818,790],{"class":115},[44,11820,338],{"class":115},[20,11822,11823],{},"What happens here:",[218,11825,11826,11831,11837],{},[221,11827,11828,11830],{},[15,11829,11721],{}," starts with three items",[221,11832,11833,11836],{},[15,11834,11835],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[221,11838,11839],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[30,11841,3802,11843,11845],{"id":11842},"what-clear-returns",[15,11844,11462],{}," returns",[20,11847,11848,2518,11850,116],{},[15,11849,11462],{},[15,11851,3904],{},[20,11853,11854],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,11856,11858],{"className":37,"code":11857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11859,11860,11894,11898,11913,11917,11927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11861,11862,11865,11867,11869,11871,11873,11875,11877,11879,11881,11883,11886,11888,11890,11892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11863,11864],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,11866,55],{"class":54},[44,11868,10629],{"class":115},[44,11870,112],{"class":58},[44,11872,2294],{"class":62},[44,11874,112],{"class":58},[44,11876,790],{"class":115},[44,11878,5632],{"class":77},[44,11880,129],{"class":115},[44,11882,59],{"class":58},[44,11884,11885],{"class":62},"y",[44,11887,112],{"class":58},[44,11889,790],{"class":115},[44,11891,3116],{"class":77},[44,11893,9447],{"class":115},[44,11895,11896],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11897,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,11899,11900,11902,11904,11907,11909,11911],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,11901,2351],{"class":50},[44,11903,55],{"class":54},[44,11905,11906],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,11908,116],{"class":115},[44,11910,11523],{"class":119},[44,11912,8782],{"class":115},[44,11914,11915],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,11916,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,11918,11919,11921,11923,11925],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,11920,142],{"class":141},[44,11922,123],{"class":115},[44,11924,2386],{"class":119},[44,11926,135],{"class":115},[44,11928,11929,11931,11933,11935],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,11930,142],{"class":141},[44,11932,123],{"class":115},[44,11934,11589],{"class":119},[44,11936,135],{"class":115},[20,11938,155],{},[35,11940,11942],{"className":37,"code":11941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,11943,11944,11949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11945,11946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11947,11948],{"class":3978},"None\n",[44,11950,11951],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,11952,9573],{"class":115},[1474,11954,11956],{"id":11955},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11958,11959,11960,11962],{},"Do ",[153,11961,4761],{}," do this:",[35,11964,11966],{"className":37,"code":11965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11967,11968,12000,12014,12018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11969,11970,11972,11974,11976,11978,11980,11982,11984,11986,11988,11990,11992,11994,11996,11998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11971,11864],{"class":50},[44,11973,55],{"class":54},[44,11975,10629],{"class":115},[44,11977,112],{"class":58},[44,11979,2294],{"class":62},[44,11981,112],{"class":58},[44,11983,790],{"class":115},[44,11985,5632],{"class":77},[44,11987,129],{"class":115},[44,11989,59],{"class":58},[44,11991,11885],{"class":62},[44,11993,112],{"class":58},[44,11995,790],{"class":115},[44,11997,3116],{"class":77},[44,11999,9447],{"class":115},[44,12001,12002,12004,12006,12008,12010,12012],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12003,11864],{"class":50},[44,12005,55],{"class":54},[44,12007,11906],{"class":50},[44,12009,116],{"class":115},[44,12011,11523],{"class":119},[44,12013,8782],{"class":115},[44,12015,12016],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,12017,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,12019,12020,12022,12024,12026],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,12021,142],{"class":141},[44,12023,123],{"class":115},[44,12025,11589],{"class":119},[44,12027,135],{"class":115},[20,12029,155],{},[35,12031,12032],{"className":37,"code":11948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,12033,12034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12035,12036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12037,11948],{"class":3978},[20,12039,12040],{},"Why this happens:",[218,12042,12043,12049,12054],{},[221,12044,12045,12048],{},[15,12046,12047],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[221,12050,12051,12052],{},"The method returns ",[15,12053,3904],{},[221,12055,12056,12057,12060,12061,12063],{},"Then ",[15,12058,12059],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12062,3904],{}," in the variable",[20,12065,12066,12067,12069],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12068,11462],{}," by itself:",[35,12071,12073],{"className":37,"code":12072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12074,12075,12107,12117,12121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12076,12077,12079,12081,12083,12085,12087,12089,12091,12093,12095,12097,12099,12101,12103,12105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12078,11864],{"class":50},[44,12080,55],{"class":54},[44,12082,10629],{"class":115},[44,12084,112],{"class":58},[44,12086,2294],{"class":62},[44,12088,112],{"class":58},[44,12090,790],{"class":115},[44,12092,5632],{"class":77},[44,12094,129],{"class":115},[44,12096,59],{"class":58},[44,12098,11885],{"class":62},[44,12100,112],{"class":58},[44,12102,790],{"class":115},[44,12104,3116],{"class":77},[44,12106,9447],{"class":115},[44,12108,12109,12111,12113,12115],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12110,11589],{"class":50},[44,12112,116],{"class":115},[44,12114,11523],{"class":119},[44,12116,8782],{"class":115},[44,12118,12119],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,12120,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,12122,12123,12125,12127,12129,12131],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,12124,142],{"class":141},[44,12126,123],{"class":115},[44,12128,11589],{"class":119},[44,12130,3784],{"class":115},[44,12132,11538],{"class":3787},[30,12134,12136,12138],{"id":12135},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12137,11462],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12140,12141],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,12143,12144],{"className":37,"code":11582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,12145,12146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12147,12148,12150,12152,12154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12149,11589],{"class":50},[44,12151,116],{"class":115},[44,12153,11523],{"class":119},[44,12155,8782],{"class":115},[35,12157,12159],{"className":37,"code":12158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12160,12161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12162,12163,12165,12167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12164,11864],{"class":50},[44,12166,55],{"class":54},[44,12168,338],{"class":115},[1474,12170,12171],{"id":11523},[15,12172,11462],{},[218,12174,12175,12178,12181],{},[221,12176,12177],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[221,12179,12180],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[221,12182,12183],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1474,12185,12186],{"id":11589},[15,12187,12188],{},"my_dict = {}",[218,12190,12191,12194,12197],{},[221,12192,12193],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[221,12195,12196],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[221,12198,12199],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12201,12202,12203,116],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[200,12204,12206],{"href":12205},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,12208,12210],{"id":12209},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12212,12213,12214,12216],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12215,11462],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,12218,12220],{"className":37,"code":12219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12221,12222,12255,12265,12269,12280,12284,12304,12324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12223,12224,12227,12229,12231,12233,12235,12237,12239,12241,12243,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12225,12226],{"class":50},"original ",[44,12228,55],{"class":54},[44,12230,10629],{"class":115},[44,12232,112],{"class":58},[44,12234,200],{"class":62},[44,12236,112],{"class":58},[44,12238,790],{"class":115},[44,12240,5632],{"class":77},[44,12242,129],{"class":115},[44,12244,59],{"class":58},[44,12246,4891],{"class":62},[44,12248,112],{"class":58},[44,12250,790],{"class":115},[44,12252,3116],{"class":77},[44,12254,9447],{"class":115},[44,12256,12257,12260,12262],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12258,12259],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,12261,55],{"class":54},[44,12263,12264],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,12266,12267],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,12268,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,12270,12271,12274,12276,12278],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,12272,12273],{"class":50},"original",[44,12275,116],{"class":115},[44,12277,11523],{"class":119},[44,12279,8782],{"class":115},[44,12281,12282],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,12283,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,12285,12286,12288,12290,12292,12295,12297,12299,12302],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,12287,142],{"class":141},[44,12289,123],{"class":115},[44,12291,112],{"class":58},[44,12293,12294],{"class":62},"original:",[44,12296,112],{"class":58},[44,12298,129],{"class":115},[44,12300,12301],{"class":119}," original",[44,12303,135],{"class":115},[44,12305,12306,12308,12310,12312,12315,12317,12319,12322],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,12307,142],{"class":141},[44,12309,123],{"class":115},[44,12311,112],{"class":58},[44,12313,12314],{"class":62},"other_ref:",[44,12316,112],{"class":58},[44,12318,129],{"class":115},[44,12320,12321],{"class":119}," other_ref",[44,12323,135],{"class":115},[44,12325,12326,12328,12330,12332,12334,12336],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,12327,142],{"class":141},[44,12329,123],{"class":115},[44,12331,12226],{"class":119},[44,12333,168],{"class":4003},[44,12335,12321],{"class":119},[44,12337,135],{"class":115},[20,12339,155],{},[35,12341,12343],{"className":37,"code":12342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12344,12345,12353,12362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12346,12347,12349,12351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12348,12273],{"class":50},[44,12350,790],{"class":115},[44,12352,338],{"class":115},[44,12354,12355,12358,12360],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12356,12357],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,12359,790],{"class":115},[44,12361,338],{"class":115},[44,12363,12364],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,12365,4107],{"class":3978},[20,12367,12368],{},"This shows:",[218,12370,12371,12378,12383],{},[221,12372,12373,536,12375,12377],{},[15,12374,12273],{},[15,12376,12357],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[221,12379,12380,12382],{},[15,12381,11462],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[221,12384,12385],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12387,12388],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,12390,12392],{"className":37,"code":12391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12393,12394,12426,12434,12438,12446,12450,12468,12486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12395,12396,12398,12400,12402,12404,12406,12408,12410,12412,12414,12416,12418,12420,12422,12424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12397,12226],{"class":50},[44,12399,55],{"class":54},[44,12401,10629],{"class":115},[44,12403,112],{"class":58},[44,12405,200],{"class":62},[44,12407,112],{"class":58},[44,12409,790],{"class":115},[44,12411,5632],{"class":77},[44,12413,129],{"class":115},[44,12415,59],{"class":58},[44,12417,4891],{"class":62},[44,12419,112],{"class":58},[44,12421,790],{"class":115},[44,12423,3116],{"class":77},[44,12425,9447],{"class":115},[44,12427,12428,12430,12432],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12429,12259],{"class":50},[44,12431,55],{"class":54},[44,12433,12264],{"class":50},[44,12435,12436],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,12437,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,12439,12440,12442,12444],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,12441,12226],{"class":50},[44,12443,55],{"class":54},[44,12445,338],{"class":115},[44,12447,12448],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,12449,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,12451,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,12453,142],{"class":141},[44,12455,123],{"class":115},[44,12457,112],{"class":58},[44,12459,12294],{"class":62},[44,12461,112],{"class":58},[44,12463,129],{"class":115},[44,12465,12301],{"class":119},[44,12467,135],{"class":115},[44,12469,12470,12472,12474,12476,12478,12480,12482,12484],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,12471,142],{"class":141},[44,12473,123],{"class":115},[44,12475,112],{"class":58},[44,12477,12314],{"class":62},[44,12479,112],{"class":58},[44,12481,129],{"class":115},[44,12483,12321],{"class":119},[44,12485,135],{"class":115},[44,12487,12488,12490,12492,12494,12496,12498],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,12489,142],{"class":141},[44,12491,123],{"class":115},[44,12493,12226],{"class":119},[44,12495,168],{"class":4003},[44,12497,12321],{"class":119},[44,12499,135],{"class":115},[20,12501,155],{},[35,12503,12505],{"className":37,"code":12504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12506,12507,12515,12547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12508,12509,12511,12513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12510,12273],{"class":50},[44,12512,790],{"class":115},[44,12514,338],{"class":115},[44,12516,12517,12519,12521,12523,12525,12527,12529,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539,12541,12543,12545],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12518,12357],{"class":50},[44,12520,790],{"class":115},[44,12522,10629],{"class":115},[44,12524,1338],{"class":58},[44,12526,200],{"class":62},[44,12528,1338],{"class":58},[44,12530,790],{"class":115},[44,12532,5632],{"class":77},[44,12534,129],{"class":115},[44,12536,1332],{"class":58},[44,12538,4891],{"class":62},[44,12540,1338],{"class":58},[44,12542,790],{"class":115},[44,12544,3116],{"class":77},[44,12546,9447],{"class":115},[44,12548,12549],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,12550,4168],{"class":3978},[20,12552,2299],{},[218,12554,12555,12561],{},[221,12556,12557,12560],{},[15,12558,12559],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[221,12562,12563,12565],{},[15,12564,12357],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12567,12568,12569,116],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[200,12570,12572],{"href":12571},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12573,12574],{},"dict.copy()",[30,12576,5092,12578],{"id":12577},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12579,11462],{},[20,12581,12582,12584],{},[15,12583,11462],{}," is useful when you want to:",[218,12586,12587,12590,12593],{},[221,12588,12589],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[221,12591,12592],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[221,12594,12595],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12597,238],{},[35,12599,12601],{"className":37,"code":12600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12602,12603,12612,12628,12648,12661,12665,12669,12674,12685,12689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12604,12605,12608,12610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12606,12607],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,12609,55],{"class":54},[44,12611,11633],{"class":115},[44,12613,12614,12616,12619,12621,12623,12626],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12615,11638],{"class":58},[44,12617,12618],{"class":62},"user_id",[44,12620,112],{"class":58},[44,12622,790],{"class":115},[44,12624,12625],{"class":77}," 101",[44,12627,11653],{"class":115},[44,12629,12630,12632,12635,12637,12639,12641,12644,12646],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,12631,11638],{"class":58},[44,12633,12634],{"class":62},"theme",[44,12636,112],{"class":58},[44,12638,790],{"class":115},[44,12640,59],{"class":58},[44,12642,12643],{"class":62},"dark",[44,12645,112],{"class":58},[44,12647,11653],{"class":115},[44,12649,12650,12652,12655,12657,12659],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,12651,11638],{"class":58},[44,12653,12654],{"class":62},"logged_in",[44,12656,112],{"class":58},[44,12658,790],{"class":115},[44,12660,6560],{"class":3978},[44,12662,12663],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,12664,9447],{"class":115},[44,12666,12667],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,12668,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,12670,12671],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,12672,12673],{"class":3787},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,12675,12676,12679,12681,12683],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,12677,12678],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,12680,116],{"class":115},[44,12682,11523],{"class":119},[44,12684,8782],{"class":115},[44,12686,12687],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,12688,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,12690,12691,12693,12695,12697,12699],{"class":46,"line":6574},[44,12692,142],{"class":141},[44,12694,123],{"class":115},[44,12696,12678],{"class":119},[44,12698,3784],{"class":115},[44,12700,11538],{"class":3787},[20,12702,12703,12704,12710,12711,116,12715,12717,12718,116],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[200,12705,12707],{"href":12706},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12708,12709],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[200,12712,12714],{"href":12713},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9984,12716],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[200,12719,12721],{"href":12720},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12722,12723],{},"dict.popitem()",[30,12725,1467],{"id":1466},[20,12727,10887,12728,790],{},[15,12729,11462],{},[218,12731,12732,12738,12743,12746],{},[221,12733,12734,12735,12737],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12736,11462],{}," to a variable",[221,12739,1707,12740,12742],{},[15,12741,11462],{}," to return a new dictionary",[221,12744,12745],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[221,12747,12748],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12750,12751],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,12753,12755],{"className":37,"code":12754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12756,12757,12767,12781,12796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12758,12759,12761,12763,12765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12760,142],{"class":141},[44,12762,123],{"class":115},[44,12764,11589],{"class":119},[44,12766,135],{"class":115},[44,12768,12769,12771,12773,12775,12777,12779],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,12770,142],{"class":141},[44,12772,123],{"class":115},[44,12774,1297],{"class":1296},[44,12776,123],{"class":115},[44,12778,11589],{"class":119},[44,12780,567],{"class":115},[44,12782,12783,12785,12787,12790,12792,12794],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,12784,142],{"class":141},[44,12786,123],{"class":115},[44,12788,12789],{"class":141},"id",[44,12791,123],{"class":115},[44,12793,11589],{"class":119},[44,12795,567],{"class":115},[44,12797,12798,12800,12802,12804,12806,12808],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,12799,142],{"class":141},[44,12801,123],{"class":115},[44,12803,12259],{"class":119},[44,12805,168],{"class":4003},[44,12807,11906],{"class":119},[44,12809,135],{"class":115},[20,12811,12812],{},"What these show:",[218,12814,12815,12821,12827,12833],{},[221,12816,12817,12820],{},[15,12818,12819],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[221,12822,12823,12826],{},[15,12824,12825],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[221,12828,12829,12832],{},[15,12830,12831],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[221,12834,12835,12838],{},[15,12836,12837],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[30,12840,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,12842,12844,12845,12847],{"id":12843},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12846,11462],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12849,12850],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1474,12852,5274,12854,1975],{"id":12853},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12855,11467],{},[20,12857,5280,12858,116],{},[15,12859,3904],{},[1474,12861,5312,12863,536,12865,1995],{"id":12862},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12864,11462],{},[15,12866,101],{},[20,12868,12869,12871,12872,12874],{},[15,12870,11462],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12873,101],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1474,12876,12844,12878,12880],{"id":12877},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12879,11462],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12882,12883],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[30,12885,2019],{"id":2018},[218,12887,12888,12892,12896,12903,12910,12917,12922],{},[221,12889,12890],{},[200,12891,9296],{"href":9295},[221,12893,12894],{},[200,12895,11383],{"href":9529},[221,12897,12898],{},[200,12899,10876,12900,10880],{"href":12706},[15,12901,12902],{},"pop()",[221,12904,12905],{},[200,12906,10876,12907,10880],{"href":12720},[15,12908,12909],{},"popitem()",[221,12911,12912],{},[200,12913,10876,12914,10880],{"href":12571},[15,12915,12916],{},"copy()",[221,12918,12919],{},[200,12920,12921],{"href":12205},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[221,12923,12924],{},[200,12925,12926],{"href":12713},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2048,12928,12929],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":12931},[12932,12933,12935,12936,12937,12941,12946,12947,12949,12950,12960],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":11546,"depth":69,"text":12934},"What clear() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":11842,"depth":69,"text":12938,"children":12939},"What clear() returns",[12940],{"id":11955,"depth":81,"text":11956},{"id":12135,"depth":69,"text":12942,"children":12943},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12944,12945],{"id":11523,"depth":81,"text":11462},{"id":11589,"depth":81,"text":12188},{"id":12209,"depth":69,"text":12210},{"id":12577,"depth":69,"text":12948},"When to use clear()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":12951},[12952,12954,12956,12958],{"id":12843,"depth":81,"text":12953},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12853,"depth":81,"text":12955},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12862,"depth":81,"text":12957},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12877,"depth":81,"text":12959},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11453,"description":12961},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12968,"title":12969,"body":12970,"description":15134,"extension":2084,"meta":15135,"navigation":84,"path":15136,"seo":15137,"stem":15138,"__hash__":15139},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12971,"toc":15106},[12972,12977,12982,12992,12994,13082,13086,13127,13132,13137,13155,13164,13166,13187,13190,13202,13204,13283,13287,13328,13330,13333,13461,13465,13545,13548,13566,13569,13573,13579,13581,13592,13594,13788,13792,13898,13901,13919,13922,13929,13934,13938,13952,13954,14081,14085,14165,14178,14184,14187,14195,14199,14325,14329,14403,14408,14539,14543,14617,14620,14634,14638,14642,14656,14658,14794,14798,14867,14869,14874,14896,14899,15006,15009,15020,15027,15029,15035,15038,15044,15047,15054,15062,15066,15069,15071,15103],[10,12973,11459,12975,18],{"id":12974},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12976,12916],{},[20,12978,12979,12981],{},[15,12980,12574],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12983,12984,12985,12987,12988,12991],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12986,12916],{}," makes a ",[153,12989,12990],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[30,12993,33],{"id":32},[35,12995,12997],{"className":37,"code":12996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12998,12999,13036,13053,13057,13068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13000,13001,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018,13020,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032,13034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13002,13003],{"class":50},"student ",[44,13005,55],{"class":54},[44,13007,10629],{"class":115},[44,13009,112],{"class":58},[44,13011,126],{"class":62},[44,13013,112],{"class":58},[44,13015,790],{"class":115},[44,13017,59],{"class":58},[44,13019,833],{"class":62},[44,13021,112],{"class":58},[44,13023,129],{"class":115},[44,13025,59],{"class":58},[44,13027,9437],{"class":62},[44,13029,112],{"class":58},[44,13031,790],{"class":115},[44,13033,7928],{"class":77},[44,13035,9447],{"class":115},[44,13037,13038,13041,13043,13046,13048,13051],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13039,13040],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,13042,55],{"class":54},[44,13044,13045],{"class":50}," student",[44,13047,116],{"class":115},[44,13049,13050],{"class":119},"copy",[44,13052,8782],{"class":115},[44,13054,13055],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,13056,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,13058,13059,13061,13063,13066],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,13060,142],{"class":141},[44,13062,123],{"class":115},[44,13064,13065],{"class":119},"student_copy",[44,13067,135],{"class":115},[44,13069,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,13071,142],{"class":141},[44,13073,123],{"class":115},[44,13075,13040],{"class":119},[44,13077,168],{"class":4003},[44,13079,13045],{"class":119},[44,13081,135],{"class":115},[20,13083,13084],{},[153,13085,155],{},[35,13087,13089],{"className":37,"code":13088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13090,13091,13123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13092,13093,13095,13097,13099,13101,13103,13105,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13094,1072],{"class":115},[44,13096,1338],{"class":58},[44,13098,126],{"class":62},[44,13100,1338],{"class":58},[44,13102,790],{"class":115},[44,13104,1332],{"class":58},[44,13106,833],{"class":62},[44,13108,1338],{"class":58},[44,13110,129],{"class":115},[44,13112,1332],{"class":58},[44,13114,9437],{"class":62},[44,13116,1338],{"class":58},[44,13118,790],{"class":115},[44,13120,7928],{"class":77},[44,13122,9447],{"class":115},[44,13124,13125],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13126,4168],{"class":3978},[20,13128,189,13129,13131],{},[15,13130,12916],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[30,13133,207,13135,210],{"id":13134},"what-the-copy-method-does",[15,13136,12916],{},[218,13138,13139,13144,13147,13152],{},[221,13140,13141,13143],{},[15,13142,12574],{}," returns a new dictionary",[221,13145,13146],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[221,13148,13149,13150],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13151,12916],{},[221,13153,13154],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13156,13157,13158,3000,13161,116],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[200,13159,9296],{"href":13160},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[200,13162,9530],{"href":13163},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[30,13165,351],{"id":350},[35,13167,13169],{"className":37,"code":13168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13170,13171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13172,13173,13176,13178,13181,13183,13185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13174,13175],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,13177,55],{"class":54},[44,13179,13180],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,13182,116],{"class":115},[44,13184,13050],{"class":119},[44,13186,8782],{"class":115},[20,13188,13189],{},"Key points:",[218,13191,13192,13196,13199],{},[221,13193,13194,11605],{},[15,13195,12916],{},[221,13197,13198],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[221,13200,13201],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13203,238],{},[35,13205,13207],{"className":37,"code":13206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13208,13209,13252,13268,13272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13210,13211,13214,13216,13218,13220,13222,13224,13226,13228,13231,13233,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245,13248,13250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13212,13213],{"class":50},"colors ",[44,13215,55],{"class":54},[44,13217,10629],{"class":115},[44,13219,112],{"class":58},[44,13221,200],{"class":62},[44,13223,112],{"class":58},[44,13225,790],{"class":115},[44,13227,59],{"class":58},[44,13229,13230],{"class":62},"red",[44,13232,112],{"class":58},[44,13234,129],{"class":115},[44,13236,59],{"class":58},[44,13238,4891],{"class":62},[44,13240,112],{"class":58},[44,13242,790],{"class":115},[44,13244,59],{"class":58},[44,13246,13247],{"class":62},"blue",[44,13249,112],{"class":58},[44,13251,9447],{"class":115},[44,13253,13254,13257,13259,13262,13264,13266],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13255,13256],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,13258,55],{"class":54},[44,13260,13261],{"class":50}," colors",[44,13263,116],{"class":115},[44,13265,13050],{"class":119},[44,13267,8782],{"class":115},[44,13269,13270],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,13271,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,13273,13274,13276,13278,13281],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,13275,142],{"class":141},[44,13277,123],{"class":115},[44,13279,13280],{"class":119},"new_colors",[44,13282,135],{"class":115},[20,13284,13285],{},[153,13286,155],{},[35,13288,13290],{"className":37,"code":13289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13291,13292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13293,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13308,13310,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13295,1072],{"class":115},[44,13297,1338],{"class":58},[44,13299,200],{"class":62},[44,13301,1338],{"class":58},[44,13303,790],{"class":115},[44,13305,1332],{"class":58},[44,13307,13230],{"class":62},[44,13309,1338],{"class":58},[44,13311,129],{"class":115},[44,13313,1332],{"class":58},[44,13315,4891],{"class":62},[44,13317,1338],{"class":58},[44,13319,790],{"class":115},[44,13321,1332],{"class":58},[44,13323,13247],{"class":62},[44,13325,1338],{"class":58},[44,13327,9447],{"class":115},[30,13329,11615],{"id":11614},[20,13331,13332],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,13334,13336],{"className":37,"code":13335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13337,13338,13376,13392,13396,13418,13422,13441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13339,13340,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13360,13362,13364,13366,13368,13370,13372,13374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13341,13342],{"class":50},"person ",[44,13344,55],{"class":54},[44,13346,10629],{"class":115},[44,13348,112],{"class":58},[44,13350,126],{"class":62},[44,13352,112],{"class":58},[44,13354,790],{"class":115},[44,13356,59],{"class":58},[44,13358,13359],{"class":62},"Liam",[44,13361,112],{"class":58},[44,13363,129],{"class":115},[44,13365,59],{"class":58},[44,13367,9437],{"class":62},[44,13369,112],{"class":58},[44,13371,790],{"class":115},[44,13373,9444],{"class":77},[44,13375,9447],{"class":115},[44,13377,13378,13381,13383,13386,13388,13390],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13379,13380],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,13382,55],{"class":54},[44,13384,13385],{"class":50}," person",[44,13387,116],{"class":115},[44,13389,13050],{"class":119},[44,13391,8782],{"class":115},[44,13393,13394],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,13395,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,13397,13398,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13412,13415],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,13399,13400],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,13402,4027],{"class":115},[44,13404,112],{"class":58},[44,13406,9437],{"class":62},[44,13408,112],{"class":58},[44,13410,13411],{"class":115},"]",[44,13413,13414],{"class":54}," =",[44,13416,13417],{"class":77}," 26\n",[44,13419,13420],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,13421,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,13423,13424,13426,13428,13430,13433,13435,13437,13439],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,13425,142],{"class":141},[44,13427,123],{"class":115},[44,13429,112],{"class":58},[44,13431,13432],{"class":62},"Original:",[44,13434,112],{"class":58},[44,13436,129],{"class":115},[44,13438,13385],{"class":119},[44,13440,135],{"class":115},[44,13442,13443,13445,13447,13449,13452,13454,13456,13459],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,13444,142],{"class":141},[44,13446,123],{"class":115},[44,13448,112],{"class":58},[44,13450,13451],{"class":62},"Copy:",[44,13453,112],{"class":58},[44,13455,129],{"class":115},[44,13457,13458],{"class":119}," person_copy",[44,13460,135],{"class":115},[20,13462,13463],{},[153,13464,155],{},[35,13466,13468],{"className":37,"code":13467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13469,13470,13507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13471,13472,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13473,13474],{"class":50},"Original",[44,13476,790],{"class":115},[44,13478,10629],{"class":115},[44,13480,1338],{"class":58},[44,13482,126],{"class":62},[44,13484,1338],{"class":58},[44,13486,790],{"class":115},[44,13488,1332],{"class":58},[44,13490,13359],{"class":62},[44,13492,1338],{"class":58},[44,13494,129],{"class":115},[44,13496,1332],{"class":58},[44,13498,9437],{"class":62},[44,13500,1338],{"class":58},[44,13502,790],{"class":115},[44,13504,9444],{"class":77},[44,13506,9447],{"class":115},[44,13508,13509,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536,13538,13540,13543],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13510,13511],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,13513,790],{"class":115},[44,13515,10629],{"class":115},[44,13517,1338],{"class":58},[44,13519,126],{"class":62},[44,13521,1338],{"class":58},[44,13523,790],{"class":115},[44,13525,1332],{"class":58},[44,13527,13359],{"class":62},[44,13529,1338],{"class":58},[44,13531,129],{"class":115},[44,13533,1332],{"class":58},[44,13535,9437],{"class":62},[44,13537,1338],{"class":58},[44,13539,790],{"class":115},[44,13541,13542],{"class":77}," 26",[44,13544,9447],{"class":115},[20,13546,13547],{},"What happened here:",[218,13549,13550,13556,13563],{},[221,13551,13552,13555],{},[15,13553,13554],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[221,13557,13558,13559,13562],{},"Changing ",[15,13560,13561],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[221,13564,13565],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13567,13568],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[30,13570,13572],{"id":13571},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13574,13575,12987,13577,116],{},[15,13576,12916],{},[153,13578,12990],{},[20,13580,2227],{},[218,13582,13583,13586,13589],{},[221,13584,13585],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[221,13587,13588],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[221,13590,13591],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13593,238],{},[35,13595,13597],{"className":37,"code":13596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13598,13599,13607,13625,13648,13652,13656,13670,13674,13699,13703,13721,13740,13755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13600,13601,13603,13605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13602,13003],{"class":50},[44,13604,55],{"class":54},[44,13606,11633],{"class":115},[44,13608,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13610,11638],{"class":58},[44,13612,126],{"class":62},[44,13614,112],{"class":58},[44,13616,790],{"class":115},[44,13618,59],{"class":58},[44,13620,833],{"class":62},[44,13622,112],{"class":58},[44,13624,11653],{"class":115},[44,13626,13627,13629,13632,13634,13636,13638,13641,13643,13646],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,13628,11638],{"class":58},[44,13630,13631],{"class":62},"grades",[44,13633,112],{"class":58},[44,13635,790],{"class":115},[44,13637,3744],{"class":115},[44,13639,13640],{"class":77},"90",[44,13642,129],{"class":115},[44,13644,13645],{"class":77}," 85",[44,13647,3757],{"class":115},[44,13649,13650],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,13651,9447],{"class":115},[44,13653,13654],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,13655,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,13657,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,13659,13040],{"class":50},[44,13661,55],{"class":54},[44,13663,13045],{"class":50},[44,13665,116],{"class":115},[44,13667,13050],{"class":119},[44,13669,8782],{"class":115},[44,13671,13672],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,13673,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,13675,13676,13678,13680,13682,13684,13686,13689,13692,13694,13697],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,13677,13065],{"class":50},[44,13679,4027],{"class":115},[44,13681,112],{"class":58},[44,13683,13631],{"class":62},[44,13685,112],{"class":58},[44,13687,13688],{"class":115},"].",[44,13690,13691],{"class":119},"append",[44,13693,123],{"class":115},[44,13695,13696],{"class":77},"100",[44,13698,135],{"class":115},[44,13700,13701],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,13702,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,13704,13705,13707,13709,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719],{"class":46,"line":6574},[44,13706,142],{"class":141},[44,13708,123],{"class":115},[44,13710,112],{"class":58},[44,13712,13432],{"class":62},[44,13714,112],{"class":58},[44,13716,129],{"class":115},[44,13718,13045],{"class":119},[44,13720,135],{"class":115},[44,13722,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13738],{"class":46,"line":11734},[44,13724,142],{"class":141},[44,13726,123],{"class":115},[44,13728,112],{"class":58},[44,13730,13451],{"class":62},[44,13732,112],{"class":58},[44,13734,129],{"class":115},[44,13736,13737],{"class":119}," student_copy",[44,13739,135],{"class":115},[44,13741,13743,13745,13747,13749,13751,13753],{"class":46,"line":13742},12,[44,13744,142],{"class":141},[44,13746,123],{"class":115},[44,13748,13003],{"class":119},[44,13750,168],{"class":4003},[44,13752,13737],{"class":119},[44,13754,135],{"class":115},[44,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786],{"class":46,"line":13757},13,[44,13759,142],{"class":141},[44,13761,123],{"class":115},[44,13763,945],{"class":119},[44,13765,4027],{"class":115},[44,13767,112],{"class":58},[44,13769,13631],{"class":62},[44,13771,112],{"class":58},[44,13773,13411],{"class":115},[44,13775,8234],{"class":4003},[44,13777,13737],{"class":119},[44,13779,4027],{"class":115},[44,13781,112],{"class":58},[44,13783,13631],{"class":62},[44,13785,112],{"class":58},[44,13787,4015],{"class":115},[20,13789,13790],{},[153,13791,155],{},[35,13793,13795],{"className":37,"code":13794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13796,13797,13844,13890,13894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13798,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13800,13474],{"class":50},[44,13802,790],{"class":115},[44,13804,10629],{"class":115},[44,13806,1338],{"class":58},[44,13808,126],{"class":62},[44,13810,1338],{"class":58},[44,13812,790],{"class":115},[44,13814,1332],{"class":58},[44,13816,833],{"class":62},[44,13818,1338],{"class":58},[44,13820,129],{"class":115},[44,13822,1332],{"class":58},[44,13824,13631],{"class":62},[44,13826,1338],{"class":58},[44,13828,790],{"class":115},[44,13830,3744],{"class":115},[44,13832,13640],{"class":77},[44,13834,129],{"class":115},[44,13836,13645],{"class":77},[44,13838,129],{"class":115},[44,13840,10256],{"class":77},[44,13842,13843],{"class":115},"]}\n",[44,13845,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,13847,13511],{"class":50},[44,13849,790],{"class":115},[44,13851,10629],{"class":115},[44,13853,1338],{"class":58},[44,13855,126],{"class":62},[44,13857,1338],{"class":58},[44,13859,790],{"class":115},[44,13861,1332],{"class":58},[44,13863,833],{"class":62},[44,13865,1338],{"class":58},[44,13867,129],{"class":115},[44,13869,1332],{"class":58},[44,13871,13631],{"class":62},[44,13873,1338],{"class":58},[44,13875,790],{"class":115},[44,13877,3744],{"class":115},[44,13879,13640],{"class":77},[44,13881,129],{"class":115},[44,13883,13645],{"class":77},[44,13885,129],{"class":115},[44,13887,10256],{"class":77},[44,13889,13843],{"class":115},[44,13891,13892],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,13893,4168],{"class":3978},[44,13895,13896],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,13897,4107],{"class":3978},[20,13899,13900],{},"Notice the difference:",[218,13902,13903,13911],{},[221,13904,13905,4914,13908,13910],{},[15,13906,13907],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13909,3798],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[221,13912,13913,4914,13916,13918],{},[15,13914,13915],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13917,3724],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13920,13921],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13923,13924,13925,116],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[200,13926,13928],{"href":13927},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[30,13930,5092,13932],{"id":13931},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13933,12916],{},[20,13935,189,13936,10740],{},[15,13937,12916],{},[218,13939,13940,13943,13946,13949],{},[221,13941,13942],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[221,13944,13945],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[221,13947,13948],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[221,13950,13951],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13953,238],{},[35,13955,13957],{"className":37,"code":13956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13958,13959,13998,14014,14018,14038,14042,14061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13960,13961,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986,13989,13991,13993,13996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13962,13963],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,13965,55],{"class":54},[44,13967,10629],{"class":115},[44,13969,112],{"class":58},[44,13971,12634],{"class":62},[44,13973,112],{"class":58},[44,13975,790],{"class":115},[44,13977,59],{"class":58},[44,13979,12643],{"class":62},[44,13981,112],{"class":58},[44,13983,129],{"class":115},[44,13985,59],{"class":58},[44,13987,13988],{"class":62},"font_size",[44,13990,112],{"class":58},[44,13992,790],{"class":115},[44,13994,13995],{"class":77}," 14",[44,13997,9447],{"class":115},[44,13999,14000,14003,14005,14008,14010,14012],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14001,14002],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,14004,55],{"class":54},[44,14006,14007],{"class":50}," settings",[44,14009,116],{"class":115},[44,14011,13050],{"class":119},[44,14013,8782],{"class":115},[44,14015,14016],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,14017,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,14019,14020,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,14021,14022],{"class":50},"settings",[44,14024,4027],{"class":115},[44,14026,112],{"class":58},[44,14028,13988],{"class":62},[44,14030,112],{"class":58},[44,14032,13411],{"class":115},[44,14034,13414],{"class":54},[44,14036,14037],{"class":77}," 16\n",[44,14039,14040],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,14041,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,14043,14044,14046,14048,14050,14053,14055,14057,14059],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,14045,142],{"class":141},[44,14047,123],{"class":115},[44,14049,112],{"class":58},[44,14051,14052],{"class":62},"Current:",[44,14054,112],{"class":58},[44,14056,129],{"class":115},[44,14058,14007],{"class":119},[44,14060,135],{"class":115},[44,14062,14063,14065,14067,14069,14072,14074,14076,14079],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,14064,142],{"class":141},[44,14066,123],{"class":115},[44,14068,112],{"class":58},[44,14070,14071],{"class":62},"Backup:",[44,14073,112],{"class":58},[44,14075,129],{"class":115},[44,14077,14078],{"class":119}," settings_backup",[44,14080,135],{"class":115},[20,14082,14083],{},[153,14084,155],{},[35,14086,14088],{"className":37,"code":14087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14089,14090,14128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14091,14092,14095,14097,14099,14101,14103,14105,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14093,14094],{"class":50},"Current",[44,14096,790],{"class":115},[44,14098,10629],{"class":115},[44,14100,1338],{"class":58},[44,14102,12634],{"class":62},[44,14104,1338],{"class":58},[44,14106,790],{"class":115},[44,14108,1332],{"class":58},[44,14110,12643],{"class":62},[44,14112,1338],{"class":58},[44,14114,129],{"class":115},[44,14116,1332],{"class":58},[44,14118,13988],{"class":62},[44,14120,1338],{"class":58},[44,14122,790],{"class":115},[44,14124,14125],{"class":77}," 16",[44,14127,9447],{"class":115},[44,14129,14130,14133,14135,14137,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14131,14132],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,14134,790],{"class":115},[44,14136,10629],{"class":115},[44,14138,1338],{"class":58},[44,14140,12634],{"class":62},[44,14142,1338],{"class":58},[44,14144,790],{"class":115},[44,14146,1332],{"class":58},[44,14148,12643],{"class":62},[44,14150,1338],{"class":58},[44,14152,129],{"class":115},[44,14154,1332],{"class":58},[44,14156,13988],{"class":62},[44,14158,1338],{"class":58},[44,14160,790],{"class":115},[44,14162,13995],{"class":77},[44,14164,9447],{"class":115},[20,14166,14167,14168,3000,14174,116],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[200,14169,14171],{"href":14170},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14172,14173],{},"dict.update()",[200,14175,14176],{"href":12963},[15,14177,11467],{},[30,14179,14181,14183],{"id":14180},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14182,12916],{}," vs assignment",[20,14185,14186],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14188,8556,14189,14191,14192,14194],{},[15,14190,55],{}," does ",[153,14193,4761],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1474,14196,14198],{"id":14197},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,14200,14202],{"className":37,"code":14201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14203,14204,14236,14245,14249,14269,14273,14291,14311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14205,14206,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232,14234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14207,12226],{"class":50},[44,14209,55],{"class":54},[44,14211,10629],{"class":115},[44,14213,112],{"class":58},[44,14215,2294],{"class":62},[44,14217,112],{"class":58},[44,14219,790],{"class":115},[44,14221,5632],{"class":77},[44,14223,129],{"class":115},[44,14225,59],{"class":58},[44,14227,11885],{"class":62},[44,14229,112],{"class":58},[44,14231,790],{"class":115},[44,14233,3116],{"class":77},[44,14235,9447],{"class":115},[44,14237,14238,14241,14243],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14239,14240],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,14242,55],{"class":54},[44,14244,12264],{"class":50},[44,14246,14247],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,14248,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,14250,14251,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14264,14266],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,14252,14253],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,14255,4027],{"class":115},[44,14257,112],{"class":58},[44,14259,2294],{"class":62},[44,14261,112],{"class":58},[44,14263,13411],{"class":115},[44,14265,13414],{"class":54},[44,14267,14268],{"class":77}," 99\n",[44,14270,14271],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,14272,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,14274,14275,14277,14279,14281,14283,14285,14287,14289],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,14276,142],{"class":141},[44,14278,123],{"class":115},[44,14280,112],{"class":58},[44,14282,13432],{"class":62},[44,14284,112],{"class":58},[44,14286,129],{"class":115},[44,14288,12301],{"class":119},[44,14290,135],{"class":115},[44,14292,14293,14295,14297,14299,14302,14304,14306,14309],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,14294,142],{"class":141},[44,14296,123],{"class":115},[44,14298,112],{"class":58},[44,14300,14301],{"class":62},"Assigned:",[44,14303,112],{"class":58},[44,14305,129],{"class":115},[44,14307,14308],{"class":119}," assigned",[44,14310,135],{"class":115},[44,14312,14313,14315,14317,14319,14321,14323],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,14314,142],{"class":141},[44,14316,123],{"class":115},[44,14318,12226],{"class":119},[44,14320,168],{"class":4003},[44,14322,14308],{"class":119},[44,14324,135],{"class":115},[20,14326,14327],{},[153,14328,155],{},[35,14330,14332],{"className":37,"code":14331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14333,14334,14366,14399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14335,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14337,13474],{"class":50},[44,14339,790],{"class":115},[44,14341,10629],{"class":115},[44,14343,1338],{"class":58},[44,14345,2294],{"class":62},[44,14347,1338],{"class":58},[44,14349,790],{"class":115},[44,14351,10335],{"class":77},[44,14353,129],{"class":115},[44,14355,1332],{"class":58},[44,14357,11885],{"class":62},[44,14359,1338],{"class":58},[44,14361,790],{"class":115},[44,14363,3116],{"class":77},[44,14365,9447],{"class":115},[44,14367,14368,14371,14373,14375,14377,14379,14381,14383,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395,14397],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14369,14370],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,14372,790],{"class":115},[44,14374,10629],{"class":115},[44,14376,1338],{"class":58},[44,14378,2294],{"class":62},[44,14380,1338],{"class":58},[44,14382,790],{"class":115},[44,14384,10335],{"class":77},[44,14386,129],{"class":115},[44,14388,1332],{"class":58},[44,14390,11885],{"class":62},[44,14392,1338],{"class":58},[44,14394,790],{"class":115},[44,14396,3116],{"class":77},[44,14398,9447],{"class":115},[44,14400,14401],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,14402,4107],{"class":3978},[1474,14404,8556,14406],{"id":14405},"using-copy",[15,14407,12916],{},[35,14409,14411],{"className":37,"code":14410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14412,14413,14445,14460,14464,14483,14487,14505,14525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14414,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431,14433,14435,14437,14439,14441,14443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14416,12226],{"class":50},[44,14418,55],{"class":54},[44,14420,10629],{"class":115},[44,14422,112],{"class":58},[44,14424,2294],{"class":62},[44,14426,112],{"class":58},[44,14428,790],{"class":115},[44,14430,5632],{"class":77},[44,14432,129],{"class":115},[44,14434,59],{"class":58},[44,14436,11885],{"class":62},[44,14438,112],{"class":58},[44,14440,790],{"class":115},[44,14442,3116],{"class":77},[44,14444,9447],{"class":115},[44,14446,14447,14450,14452,14454,14456,14458],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14448,14449],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,14451,55],{"class":54},[44,14453,12301],{"class":50},[44,14455,116],{"class":115},[44,14457,13050],{"class":119},[44,14459,8782],{"class":115},[44,14461,14462],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,14463,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,14465,14466,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477,14479,14481],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,14467,14468],{"class":50},"copied",[44,14470,4027],{"class":115},[44,14472,112],{"class":58},[44,14474,2294],{"class":62},[44,14476,112],{"class":58},[44,14478,13411],{"class":115},[44,14480,13414],{"class":54},[44,14482,14268],{"class":77},[44,14484,14485],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,14486,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,14488,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,14490,142],{"class":141},[44,14492,123],{"class":115},[44,14494,112],{"class":58},[44,14496,13432],{"class":62},[44,14498,112],{"class":58},[44,14500,129],{"class":115},[44,14502,12301],{"class":119},[44,14504,135],{"class":115},[44,14506,14507,14509,14511,14513,14516,14518,14520,14523],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,14508,142],{"class":141},[44,14510,123],{"class":115},[44,14512,112],{"class":58},[44,14514,14515],{"class":62},"Copied:",[44,14517,112],{"class":58},[44,14519,129],{"class":115},[44,14521,14522],{"class":119}," copied",[44,14524,135],{"class":115},[44,14526,14527,14529,14531,14533,14535,14537],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,14528,142],{"class":141},[44,14530,123],{"class":115},[44,14532,12226],{"class":119},[44,14534,168],{"class":4003},[44,14536,14522],{"class":119},[44,14538,135],{"class":115},[20,14540,14541],{},[153,14542,155],{},[35,14544,14546],{"className":37,"code":14545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14547,14548,14580,14613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14549,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564,14566,14568,14570,14572,14574,14576,14578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14551,13474],{"class":50},[44,14553,790],{"class":115},[44,14555,10629],{"class":115},[44,14557,1338],{"class":58},[44,14559,2294],{"class":62},[44,14561,1338],{"class":58},[44,14563,790],{"class":115},[44,14565,5632],{"class":77},[44,14567,129],{"class":115},[44,14569,1332],{"class":58},[44,14571,11885],{"class":62},[44,14573,1338],{"class":58},[44,14575,790],{"class":115},[44,14577,3116],{"class":77},[44,14579,9447],{"class":115},[44,14581,14582,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595,14597,14599,14601,14603,14605,14607,14609,14611],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14583,14584],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,14586,790],{"class":115},[44,14588,10629],{"class":115},[44,14590,1338],{"class":58},[44,14592,2294],{"class":62},[44,14594,1338],{"class":58},[44,14596,790],{"class":115},[44,14598,10335],{"class":77},[44,14600,129],{"class":115},[44,14602,1332],{"class":58},[44,14604,11885],{"class":62},[44,14606,1338],{"class":58},[44,14608,790],{"class":115},[44,14610,3116],{"class":77},[44,14612,9447],{"class":115},[44,14614,14615],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,14616,4168],{"class":3978},[20,14618,14619],{},"Summary:",[218,14621,14622,14628],{},[221,14623,14624,14627],{},[15,14625,14626],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[221,14629,14630,14633],{},[15,14631,14632],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[30,14635,14637],{"id":14636},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14639,14640,790],{},[15,14641,12916],{},[218,14643,14644,14647,14650,14653],{},[221,14645,14646],{},"Returns a dictionary",[221,14648,14649],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[221,14651,14652],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[221,14654,14655],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14657,238],{},[35,14659,14661],{"className":37,"code":14660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14662,14663,14695,14711,14715,14733,14753,14757,14775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14664,14665,14667,14669,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681,14683,14685,14687,14689,14691,14693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14666,9306],{"class":50},[44,14668,55],{"class":54},[44,14670,10629],{"class":115},[44,14672,112],{"class":58},[44,14674,200],{"class":62},[44,14676,112],{"class":58},[44,14678,790],{"class":115},[44,14680,5632],{"class":77},[44,14682,129],{"class":115},[44,14684,59],{"class":58},[44,14686,4891],{"class":62},[44,14688,112],{"class":58},[44,14690,790],{"class":115},[44,14692,3116],{"class":77},[44,14694,9447],{"class":115},[44,14696,14697,14700,14702,14705,14707,14709],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14698,14699],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,14701,55],{"class":54},[44,14703,14704],{"class":50}," data",[44,14706,116],{"class":115},[44,14708,13050],{"class":119},[44,14710,8782],{"class":115},[44,14712,14713],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,14714,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,14716,14717,14719,14721,14723,14725,14727,14729,14731],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,14718,9343],{"class":50},[44,14720,4027],{"class":115},[44,14722,112],{"class":58},[44,14724,200],{"class":62},[44,14726,112],{"class":58},[44,14728,13411],{"class":115},[44,14730,13414],{"class":54},[44,14732,2709],{"class":77},[44,14734,14735,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,14736,14737],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,14739,4027],{"class":115},[44,14741,112],{"class":58},[44,14743,4891],{"class":62},[44,14745,112],{"class":58},[44,14747,13411],{"class":115},[44,14749,13414],{"class":54},[44,14751,14752],{"class":77}," 20\n",[44,14754,14755],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,14756,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,14758,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771,14773],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,14760,142],{"class":141},[44,14762,123],{"class":115},[44,14764,112],{"class":58},[44,14766,13432],{"class":62},[44,14768,112],{"class":58},[44,14770,129],{"class":115},[44,14772,14704],{"class":119},[44,14774,135],{"class":115},[44,14776,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14792],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,14778,142],{"class":141},[44,14780,123],{"class":115},[44,14782,112],{"class":58},[44,14784,13451],{"class":62},[44,14786,112],{"class":58},[44,14788,129],{"class":115},[44,14790,14791],{"class":119}," data_copy",[44,14793,135],{"class":115},[20,14795,14796],{},[153,14797,155],{},[35,14799,14801],{"className":37,"code":14800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14802,14803,14835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14804,14805,14807,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14806,13474],{"class":50},[44,14808,790],{"class":115},[44,14810,10629],{"class":115},[44,14812,1338],{"class":58},[44,14814,200],{"class":62},[44,14816,1338],{"class":58},[44,14818,790],{"class":115},[44,14820,6140],{"class":77},[44,14822,129],{"class":115},[44,14824,1332],{"class":58},[44,14826,4891],{"class":62},[44,14828,1338],{"class":58},[44,14830,790],{"class":115},[44,14832,3116],{"class":77},[44,14834,9447],{"class":115},[44,14836,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849,14851,14853,14855,14857,14859,14861,14863,14865],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14838,13511],{"class":50},[44,14840,790],{"class":115},[44,14842,10629],{"class":115},[44,14844,1338],{"class":58},[44,14846,200],{"class":62},[44,14848,1338],{"class":58},[44,14850,790],{"class":115},[44,14852,5632],{"class":77},[44,14854,129],{"class":115},[44,14856,1332],{"class":58},[44,14858,4891],{"class":62},[44,14860,1338],{"class":58},[44,14862,790],{"class":115},[44,14864,7928],{"class":77},[44,14866,9447],{"class":115},[30,14868,1467],{"id":1466},[20,14870,14871,14872,790],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14873,12574],{},[218,14875,14876,14883,14888,14893],{},[221,14877,8556,14878,11232,14880,14882],{},[15,14879,55],{},[15,14881,12916],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[221,14884,4709,14885,14887],{},[15,14886,12916],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[221,14889,14890,14891],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14892,12916],{},[221,14894,14895],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14897,14898],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,14900,14902],{"className":37,"code":14901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14903,14904,14914,14924,14938,14961,14984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14905,14906,14908,14910,14912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14907,142],{"class":141},[44,14909,123],{"class":115},[44,14911,12273],{"class":119},[44,14913,135],{"class":115},[44,14915,14916,14918,14920,14922],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,14917,142],{"class":141},[44,14919,123],{"class":115},[44,14921,14468],{"class":119},[44,14923,135],{"class":115},[44,14925,14926,14928,14930,14932,14934,14936],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,14927,142],{"class":141},[44,14929,123],{"class":115},[44,14931,12226],{"class":119},[44,14933,168],{"class":4003},[44,14935,14522],{"class":119},[44,14937,135],{"class":115},[44,14939,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952,14955,14957,14959],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,14941,142],{"class":141},[44,14943,123],{"class":115},[44,14945,12789],{"class":141},[44,14947,123],{"class":115},[44,14949,12273],{"class":119},[44,14951,9372],{"class":115},[44,14953,14954],{"class":141}," id",[44,14956,123],{"class":115},[44,14958,14468],{"class":119},[44,14960,567],{"class":115},[44,14962,14963,14965,14967,14969,14971,14973,14975,14977,14980,14982],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,14964,142],{"class":141},[44,14966,123],{"class":115},[44,14968,12789],{"class":141},[44,14970,123],{"class":115},[44,14972,12273],{"class":119},[44,14974,4027],{"class":115},[44,14976,112],{"class":58},[44,14978,14979],{"class":62},"key",[44,14981,112],{"class":58},[44,14983,3123],{"class":115},[44,14985,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,14987,142],{"class":141},[44,14989,123],{"class":115},[44,14991,12789],{"class":141},[44,14993,123],{"class":115},[44,14995,14468],{"class":119},[44,14997,4027],{"class":115},[44,14999,112],{"class":58},[44,15001,14979],{"class":62},[44,15003,112],{"class":58},[44,15005,3123],{"class":115},[20,15007,15008],{},"What these help you check:",[218,15010,15011,15014,15017],{},[221,15012,15013],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[221,15015,15016],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[221,15018,15019],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,15021,15022,15023,116],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[200,15024,15026],{"href":15025},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[30,15028,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,15030,12844,15032,15034],{"id":15031},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,15033,12574],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,15036,15037],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1474,15039,2006,15041,15043],{"id":15040},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,15042,12574],{}," a deep copy?",[20,15045,15046],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1474,15048,5312,15050,536,15052,1995],{"id":15049},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15051,12916],{},[15,15053,55],{},[20,15055,15056,15058,15059,15061],{},[15,15057,12916],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15060,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1474,15063,15065],{"id":15064},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15067,15068],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[30,15070,2019],{"id":2018},[218,15072,15073,15077,15081,15085,15092,15098],{},[221,15074,15075],{},[200,15076,11383],{"href":13163},[221,15078,15079],{},[200,15080,9296],{"href":13160},[221,15082,15083],{},[200,15084,13928],{"href":13927},[221,15086,15087],{},[200,15088,10876,15089,10880],{"href":14170},[15,15090,15091],{},"update()",[221,15093,15094],{},[200,15095,10876,15096,10880],{"href":12963},[15,15097,11462],{},[221,15099,15100],{},[200,15101,15102],{"href":15025},"How to copy a list in Python",[2048,15104,15105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":15107},[15108,15109,15111,15112,15113,15114,15116,15122,15123,15124,15133],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":13134,"depth":69,"text":15110},"What the copy() method does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":13571,"depth":69,"text":13572},{"id":13931,"depth":69,"text":15115},"When to use copy()",{"id":14180,"depth":69,"text":15117,"children":15118},"copy() vs assignment",[15119,15120],{"id":14197,"depth":81,"text":14198},{"id":14405,"depth":81,"text":15121},"Using copy()",{"id":14636,"depth":69,"text":14637},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":15125},[15126,15128,15130,15132],{"id":15031,"depth":81,"text":15127},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":15040,"depth":81,"text":15129},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15049,"depth":81,"text":15131},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15064,"depth":81,"text":15065},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12969,"description":15134},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15141,"title":15142,"body":15143,"description":17341,"extension":2084,"meta":17342,"navigation":84,"path":13163,"seo":17343,"stem":17344,"__hash__":17345},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15144,"toc":17303},[15145,15148,15154,15163,15165,15241,15245,15294,15297,15301,15315,15318,15322,15335,15338,15371,15385,15388,15400,15404,15407,15415,15495,15499,15552,15556,15574,15576,15658,15661,15663,15666,15669,15692,15716,15720,15728,15731,15735,15744,15749,15807,15811,15844,15850,15856,15859,15914,15918,15968,15971,15977,15980,15988,15990,16035,16040,16049,16052,16055,16102,16104,16109,16112,16205,16209,16262,16265,16321,16324,16328,16331,16345,16349,16415,16419,16444,16447,16451,16529,16533,16536,16539,16559,16562,16615,16619,16622,16625,16638,16640,16729,16736,16739,16750,16752,16755,16775,16779,16782,16791,16794,16833,16837,16839,16848,16857,16859,16897,16901,16948,16952,16973,16977,16980,17092,17097,17195,17217,17219,17223,17230,17234,17240,17244,17247,17251,17254,17261,17269,17271,17297,17300],[10,15146,15142],{"id":15147},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15149,15150,15151,15153],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[153,15152,9272],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15155,15156,15157,3000,15159,116],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[200,15158,9296],{"href":9295},[200,15160,15162],{"href":15161},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[30,15164,33],{"id":32},[35,15166,15168],{"className":37,"code":15167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15169,15170,15178,15196,15210,15223,15227,15231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15171,15172,15174,15176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15173,13003],{"class":50},[44,15175,55],{"class":54},[44,15177,11633],{"class":115},[44,15179,15180,15182,15184,15186,15188,15190,15192,15194],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15181,11638],{"class":58},[44,15183,126],{"class":62},[44,15185,112],{"class":58},[44,15187,790],{"class":115},[44,15189,59],{"class":58},[44,15191,833],{"class":62},[44,15193,112],{"class":58},[44,15195,11653],{"class":115},[44,15197,15198,15200,15202,15204,15206,15208],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,15199,11638],{"class":58},[44,15201,9437],{"class":62},[44,15203,112],{"class":58},[44,15205,790],{"class":115},[44,15207,7928],{"class":77},[44,15209,11653],{"class":115},[44,15211,15212,15214,15217,15219,15221],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,15213,11638],{"class":58},[44,15215,15216],{"class":62},"is_active",[44,15218,112],{"class":58},[44,15220,790],{"class":115},[44,15222,6560],{"class":3978},[44,15224,15225],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,15226,9447],{"class":115},[44,15228,15229],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,15230,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,15232,15233,15235,15237,15239],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,15234,142],{"class":141},[44,15236,123],{"class":115},[44,15238,945],{"class":119},[44,15240,135],{"class":115},[20,15242,15243],{},[153,15244,155],{},[35,15246,15248],{"className":37,"code":15247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15249,15250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15251,15252,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262,15264,15266,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288,15290,15292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15253,1072],{"class":115},[44,15255,1338],{"class":58},[44,15257,126],{"class":62},[44,15259,1338],{"class":58},[44,15261,790],{"class":115},[44,15263,1332],{"class":58},[44,15265,833],{"class":62},[44,15267,1338],{"class":58},[44,15269,129],{"class":115},[44,15271,1332],{"class":58},[44,15273,9437],{"class":62},[44,15275,1338],{"class":58},[44,15277,790],{"class":115},[44,15279,7928],{"class":77},[44,15281,129],{"class":115},[44,15283,1332],{"class":58},[44,15285,15216],{"class":62},[44,15287,1338],{"class":58},[44,15289,790],{"class":115},[44,15291,4043],{"class":3978},[44,15293,9447],{"class":115},[20,15295,15296],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[30,15298,15300],{"id":15299},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[218,15302,15303,15306,15309,15312],{},[221,15304,15305],{},"What a dictionary is",[221,15307,15308],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[221,15310,15311],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[221,15313,15314],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[30,15316,15305],{"id":15317},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15319,9269,15320,116],{},[153,15321,9272],{},[218,15323,15324,15330],{},[221,15325,15326,15327,15329],{},"A ",[153,15328,14979],{}," is the label",[221,15331,15326,15332,15334],{},[153,15333,379],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15336,15337],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,15339,15341],{"className":37,"code":15340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15342,15343,15351,15367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15344,15345,15347,15349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15346,13003],{"class":50},[44,15348,55],{"class":54},[44,15350,11633],{"class":115},[44,15352,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15354,11638],{"class":58},[44,15356,126],{"class":62},[44,15358,112],{"class":58},[44,15360,790],{"class":115},[44,15362,59],{"class":58},[44,15364,833],{"class":62},[44,15366,66],{"class":58},[44,15368,15369],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,15370,9447],{"class":115},[218,15372,15373,15379],{},[221,15374,15375,15378],{},[15,15376,15377],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[221,15380,15381,15384],{},[15,15382,15383],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15386,15387],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[218,15389,15390,15392,15394,15397],{},[221,15391,126],{},[221,15393,9437],{},[221,15395,15396],{},"email",[221,15398,15399],{},"country",[30,15401,15403],{"id":15402},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15405,15406],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15408,189,15409,15411,15412,116],{},[15,15410,101],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15413,15414],{},"key: value",[35,15416,15418],{"className":37,"code":15417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15419,15420,15428,15446,15460,15477,15481,15485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15421,15422,15424,15426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15423,13003],{"class":50},[44,15425,55],{"class":54},[44,15427,11633],{"class":115},[44,15429,15430,15432,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15431,11638],{"class":58},[44,15433,126],{"class":62},[44,15435,112],{"class":58},[44,15437,790],{"class":115},[44,15439,59],{"class":58},[44,15441,833],{"class":62},[44,15443,112],{"class":58},[44,15445,11653],{"class":115},[44,15447,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,15449,11638],{"class":58},[44,15451,9437],{"class":62},[44,15453,112],{"class":58},[44,15455,790],{"class":115},[44,15457,7928],{"class":77},[44,15459,11653],{"class":115},[44,15461,15462,15464,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,15463,11638],{"class":58},[44,15465,15466],{"class":62},"course",[44,15468,112],{"class":58},[44,15470,790],{"class":115},[44,15472,59],{"class":58},[44,15474,7435],{"class":62},[44,15476,66],{"class":58},[44,15478,15479],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,15480,9447],{"class":115},[44,15482,15483],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,15484,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,15486,15487,15489,15491,15493],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,15488,142],{"class":141},[44,15490,123],{"class":115},[44,15492,945],{"class":119},[44,15494,135],{"class":115},[20,15496,15497],{},[153,15498,155],{},[35,15500,15502],{"className":37,"code":15501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15503,15504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15505,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542,15544,15546,15548,15550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15507,1072],{"class":115},[44,15509,1338],{"class":58},[44,15511,126],{"class":62},[44,15513,1338],{"class":58},[44,15515,790],{"class":115},[44,15517,1332],{"class":58},[44,15519,833],{"class":62},[44,15521,1338],{"class":58},[44,15523,129],{"class":115},[44,15525,1332],{"class":58},[44,15527,9437],{"class":62},[44,15529,1338],{"class":58},[44,15531,790],{"class":115},[44,15533,7928],{"class":77},[44,15535,129],{"class":115},[44,15537,1332],{"class":58},[44,15539,15466],{"class":62},[44,15541,1338],{"class":58},[44,15543,790],{"class":115},[44,15545,1332],{"class":58},[44,15547,7435],{"class":62},[44,15549,1338],{"class":58},[44,15551,9447],{"class":115},[1474,15553,15555],{"id":15554},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[218,15557,15558,15563,15568,15571],{},[221,15559,189,15560,15562],{},[15,15561,101],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[221,15564,15565,15566],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15567,15414],{},[221,15569,15570],{},"Separate items with commas",[221,15572,15573],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15575,238],{},[35,15577,15579],{"className":37,"code":15578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15580,15581,15590,15610,15626,15639,15643,15647],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15582,15583,15586,15588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15584,15585],{"class":50},"book ",[44,15587,55],{"class":54},[44,15589,11633],{"class":115},[44,15591,15592,15594,15597,15599,15601,15603,15606,15608],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15593,11638],{"class":58},[44,15595,15596],{"class":62},"title",[44,15598,112],{"class":58},[44,15600,790],{"class":115},[44,15602,59],{"class":58},[44,15604,15605],{"class":62},"Python Basics",[44,15607,112],{"class":58},[44,15609,11653],{"class":115},[44,15611,15612,15614,15617,15619,15621,15624],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,15613,11638],{"class":58},[44,15615,15616],{"class":62},"pages",[44,15618,112],{"class":58},[44,15620,790],{"class":115},[44,15622,15623],{"class":77}," 150",[44,15625,11653],{"class":115},[44,15627,15628,15630,15633,15635,15637],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,15629,11638],{"class":58},[44,15631,15632],{"class":62},"available",[44,15634,112],{"class":58},[44,15636,790],{"class":115},[44,15638,6560],{"class":3978},[44,15640,15641],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,15642,9447],{"class":115},[44,15644,15645],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,15646,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,15648,15649,15651,15653,15656],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,15650,142],{"class":141},[44,15652,123],{"class":115},[44,15654,15655],{"class":119},"book",[44,15657,135],{"class":115},[20,15659,15660],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[30,15662,9541],{"id":9540},[20,15664,15665],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15667,15668],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,15670,15672],{"className":37,"code":15671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15673,15674,15682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15675,15676,15678,15680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15677,9306],{"class":50},[44,15679,55],{"class":54},[44,15681,338],{"class":115},[44,15683,15684,15686,15688,15690],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15685,142],{"class":141},[44,15687,123],{"class":115},[44,15689,9343],{"class":119},[44,15691,135],{"class":115},[35,15693,15694],{"className":37,"code":9544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15695,15696,15706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15697,15698,15700,15702,15704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15699,9306],{"class":50},[44,15701,55],{"class":54},[44,15703,9311],{"class":1296},[44,15705,8782],{"class":115},[44,15707,15708,15710,15712,15714],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15709,142],{"class":141},[44,15711,123],{"class":115},[44,15713,9343],{"class":119},[44,15715,135],{"class":115},[20,15717,15718],{},[153,15719,155],{},[35,15721,15722],{"className":37,"code":9573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15723,15724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15725,15726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15727,9573],{"class":115},[20,15729,15730],{},"Both are correct.",[1474,15732,15734],{"id":15733},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15736,15737,15739,15740,15743],{},[15,15738,101],{}," creates an empty ",[153,15741,15742],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15745,15746,15747,116],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15748,3922],{},[35,15750,15752],{"className":37,"code":15751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15753,15754,15762,15774,15778,15792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15755,15756,15758,15760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15757,11864],{"class":50},[44,15759,55],{"class":54},[44,15761,338],{"class":115},[44,15763,15764,15767,15769,15772],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15765,15766],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,15768,55],{"class":54},[44,15770,15771],{"class":1296}," set",[44,15773,8782],{"class":115},[44,15775,15776],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,15777,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,15779,15780,15782,15784,15786,15788,15790],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,15781,142],{"class":141},[44,15783,123],{"class":115},[44,15785,1297],{"class":1296},[44,15787,123],{"class":115},[44,15789,11589],{"class":119},[44,15791,567],{"class":115},[44,15793,15794,15796,15798,15800,15802,15805],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,15795,142],{"class":141},[44,15797,123],{"class":115},[44,15799,1297],{"class":1296},[44,15801,123],{"class":115},[44,15803,15804],{"class":119},"my_set",[44,15806,567],{"class":115},[20,15808,15809],{},[153,15810,155],{},[35,15812,15814],{"className":37,"code":15813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15815,15816,15830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15817,15818,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15819,1326],{"class":54},[44,15821,1329],{"class":1075},[44,15823,1332],{"class":58},[44,15825,8961],{"class":62},[44,15827,1338],{"class":58},[44,15829,1341],{"class":54},[44,15831,15832,15834,15836,15838,15840,15842],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15833,1326],{"class":54},[44,15835,1329],{"class":1075},[44,15837,1332],{"class":58},[44,15839,6423],{"class":62},[44,15841,1338],{"class":58},[44,15843,1341],{"class":54},[30,15845,15847,15848],{"id":15846},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15849,9260],{},[20,15851,15852,15853,15855],{},"You can also use ",[15,15854,9260],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15857,15858],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,15860,15862],{"className":37,"code":15861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15863,15864,15904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15865,15866,15868,15870,15872,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15890,15893,15895,15898,15900,15902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15867,13003],{"class":50},[44,15869,55],{"class":54},[44,15871,9311],{"class":1296},[44,15873,123],{"class":115},[44,15875,126],{"class":826},[44,15877,55],{"class":54},[44,15879,112],{"class":58},[44,15881,833],{"class":62},[44,15883,112],{"class":58},[44,15885,129],{"class":115},[44,15887,132],{"class":826},[44,15889,55],{"class":54},[44,15891,15892],{"class":77},"20",[44,15894,129],{"class":115},[44,15896,15897],{"class":826}," active",[44,15899,55],{"class":54},[44,15901,3724],{"class":3978},[44,15903,135],{"class":115},[44,15905,15906,15908,15910,15912],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,15907,142],{"class":141},[44,15909,123],{"class":115},[44,15911,945],{"class":119},[44,15913,135],{"class":115},[20,15915,15916],{},[153,15917,155],{},[35,15919,15921],{"className":37,"code":15920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15922,15923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15924,15925,15927,15929,15931,15933,15935,15937,15939,15941,15943,15945,15947,15949,15951,15953,15955,15957,15960,15962,15964,15966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15926,1072],{"class":115},[44,15928,1338],{"class":58},[44,15930,126],{"class":62},[44,15932,1338],{"class":58},[44,15934,790],{"class":115},[44,15936,1332],{"class":58},[44,15938,833],{"class":62},[44,15940,1338],{"class":58},[44,15942,129],{"class":115},[44,15944,1332],{"class":58},[44,15946,9437],{"class":62},[44,15948,1338],{"class":58},[44,15950,790],{"class":115},[44,15952,7928],{"class":77},[44,15954,129],{"class":115},[44,15956,1332],{"class":58},[44,15958,15959],{"class":62},"active",[44,15961,1338],{"class":58},[44,15963,790],{"class":115},[44,15965,4043],{"class":3978},[44,15967,9447],{"class":115},[20,15969,15970],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1474,15972,15974,15975],{"id":15973},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15976,9260],{},[20,15978,15979],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[218,15981,15982,15985],{},[221,15983,15984],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[221,15986,15987],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15989,6825],{},[35,15991,15993],{"className":37,"code":15992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15994,15995,16025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15996,15997,15999,16001,16003,16005,16007,16009,16011,16013,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15998,11628],{"class":50},[44,16000,55],{"class":54},[44,16002,9311],{"class":1296},[44,16004,123],{"class":115},[44,16006,126],{"class":826},[44,16008,55],{"class":54},[44,16010,112],{"class":58},[44,16012,280],{"class":62},[44,16014,112],{"class":58},[44,16016,129],{"class":115},[44,16018,132],{"class":826},[44,16020,55],{"class":54},[44,16022,9332],{"class":77},[44,16024,135],{"class":115},[44,16026,16027,16029,16031,16033],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16028,142],{"class":141},[44,16030,123],{"class":115},[44,16032,11721],{"class":119},[44,16034,135],{"class":115},[20,16036,4758,16037,16039],{},[153,16038,4761],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,16041,16043],{"className":37,"code":16042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,16044,16045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16046,16047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16048,16042],{"class":3787},[20,16050,16051],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16053,16054],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,16056,16058],{"className":37,"code":16057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16059,16060,16068,16084,16088,16092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16061,16062,16064,16066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16063,11628],{"class":50},[44,16065,55],{"class":54},[44,16067,11633],{"class":115},[44,16069,16070,16072,16074,16076,16078,16080,16082],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16071,11638],{"class":58},[44,16073,10634],{"class":62},[44,16075,112],{"class":58},[44,16077,790],{"class":115},[44,16079,59],{"class":58},[44,16081,280],{"class":62},[44,16083,66],{"class":58},[44,16085,16086],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,16087,9447],{"class":115},[44,16089,16090],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,16091,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,16093,16094,16096,16098,16100],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,16095,142],{"class":141},[44,16097,123],{"class":115},[44,16099,11721],{"class":119},[44,16101,135],{"class":115},[30,16103,9583],{"id":9582},[20,16105,16106,16108],{},[15,16107,9260],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16110,16111],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,16113,16115],{"className":37,"code":16114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16116,16117,16173,16177,16191,16195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16118,16119,16121,16123,16125,16127,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161,16163,16165,16167,16169,16171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16120,9354],{"class":50},[44,16122,55],{"class":54},[44,16124,9359],{"class":115},[44,16126,112],{"class":58},[44,16128,126],{"class":62},[44,16130,112],{"class":58},[44,16132,129],{"class":115},[44,16134,59],{"class":58},[44,16136,833],{"class":62},[44,16138,112],{"class":58},[44,16140,9372],{"class":115},[44,16142,9375],{"class":115},[44,16144,112],{"class":58},[44,16146,9437],{"class":62},[44,16148,112],{"class":58},[44,16150,129],{"class":115},[44,16152,7928],{"class":77},[44,16154,9372],{"class":115},[44,16156,9375],{"class":115},[44,16158,112],{"class":58},[44,16160,10547],{"class":62},[44,16162,112],{"class":58},[44,16164,129],{"class":115},[44,16166,59],{"class":58},[44,16168,847],{"class":62},[44,16170,112],{"class":58},[44,16172,9388],{"class":115},[44,16174,16175],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16176,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,16178,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187,16189],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,16180,13003],{"class":50},[44,16182,55],{"class":54},[44,16184,9311],{"class":1296},[44,16186,123],{"class":115},[44,16188,9401],{"class":119},[44,16190,135],{"class":115},[44,16192,16193],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,16194,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,16196,16197,16199,16201,16203],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,16198,142],{"class":141},[44,16200,123],{"class":115},[44,16202,945],{"class":119},[44,16204,135],{"class":115},[20,16206,16207],{},[153,16208,155],{},[35,16210,16212],{"className":37,"code":16211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16213,16214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16215,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256,16258,16260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16217,1072],{"class":115},[44,16219,1338],{"class":58},[44,16221,126],{"class":62},[44,16223,1338],{"class":58},[44,16225,790],{"class":115},[44,16227,1332],{"class":58},[44,16229,833],{"class":62},[44,16231,1338],{"class":58},[44,16233,129],{"class":115},[44,16235,1332],{"class":58},[44,16237,9437],{"class":62},[44,16239,1338],{"class":58},[44,16241,790],{"class":115},[44,16243,7928],{"class":77},[44,16245,129],{"class":115},[44,16247,1332],{"class":58},[44,16249,10547],{"class":62},[44,16251,1338],{"class":58},[44,16253,790],{"class":115},[44,16255,1332],{"class":58},[44,16257,847],{"class":62},[44,16259,1338],{"class":58},[44,16261,9447],{"class":115},[20,16263,16264],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,16266,16268],{"className":37,"code":16267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16269,16270,16311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16271,16272,16274,16276,16278,16281,16283,16285,16287,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297,16299,16301,16303,16305,16307,16309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16273,13003],{"class":50},[44,16275,55],{"class":54},[44,16277,9311],{"class":1296},[44,16279,16280],{"class":115},"(((",[44,16282,112],{"class":58},[44,16284,126],{"class":62},[44,16286,112],{"class":58},[44,16288,129],{"class":115},[44,16290,59],{"class":58},[44,16292,833],{"class":62},[44,16294,112],{"class":58},[44,16296,9372],{"class":115},[44,16298,9375],{"class":115},[44,16300,112],{"class":58},[44,16302,9437],{"class":62},[44,16304,112],{"class":58},[44,16306,129],{"class":115},[44,16308,7928],{"class":77},[44,16310,3034],{"class":115},[44,16312,16313,16315,16317,16319],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16314,142],{"class":141},[44,16316,123],{"class":115},[44,16318,945],{"class":119},[44,16320,135],{"class":115},[20,16322,16323],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[30,16325,16327],{"id":16326},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16329,16330],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[218,16332,16333,16336,16339,16342],{},[221,16334,16335],{},"Keys must be unique",[221,16337,16338],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[221,16340,16341],{},"Values can repeat",[221,16343,16344],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1474,16346,16348],{"id":16347},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,16350,16352],{"className":37,"code":16351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16353,16354,16362,16380,16397,16401,16405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16355,16356,16358,16360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16357,9306],{"class":50},[44,16359,55],{"class":54},[44,16361,11633],{"class":115},[44,16363,16364,16366,16368,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16365,11638],{"class":58},[44,16367,126],{"class":62},[44,16369,112],{"class":58},[44,16371,790],{"class":115},[44,16373,59],{"class":58},[44,16375,833],{"class":62},[44,16377,112],{"class":58},[44,16379,11653],{"class":115},[44,16381,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16395],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,16383,11638],{"class":58},[44,16385,126],{"class":62},[44,16387,112],{"class":58},[44,16389,790],{"class":115},[44,16391,59],{"class":58},[44,16393,16394],{"class":62},"Maria",[44,16396,66],{"class":58},[44,16398,16399],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,16400,9447],{"class":115},[44,16402,16403],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,16404,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,16406,16407,16409,16411,16413],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,16408,142],{"class":141},[44,16410,123],{"class":115},[44,16412,9343],{"class":119},[44,16414,135],{"class":115},[20,16416,16417],{},[153,16418,155],{},[35,16420,16422],{"className":37,"code":16421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16423,16424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16425,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16427,1072],{"class":115},[44,16429,1338],{"class":58},[44,16431,126],{"class":62},[44,16433,1338],{"class":58},[44,16435,790],{"class":115},[44,16437,1332],{"class":58},[44,16439,16394],{"class":62},[44,16441,1338],{"class":58},[44,16443,9447],{"class":115},[20,16445,16446],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1474,16448,16450],{"id":16449},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,16452,16454],{"className":37,"code":16453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16455,16456,16464,16480,16496,16510,16514,16518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16457,16458,16460,16462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16459,5195],{"class":50},[44,16461,55],{"class":54},[44,16463,11633],{"class":115},[44,16465,16466,16469,16471,16473,16476,16478],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16467,16468],{"class":77},"    1",[44,16470,790],{"class":115},[44,16472,59],{"class":58},[44,16474,16475],{"class":62},"low",[44,16477,112],{"class":58},[44,16479,11653],{"class":115},[44,16481,16482,16485,16487,16489,16492,16494],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,16483,16484],{"class":77},"    2",[44,16486,790],{"class":115},[44,16488,59],{"class":58},[44,16490,16491],{"class":62},"medium",[44,16493,112],{"class":58},[44,16495,11653],{"class":115},[44,16497,16498,16501,16503,16505,16508],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,16499,16500],{"class":77},"    3",[44,16502,790],{"class":115},[44,16504,59],{"class":58},[44,16506,16507],{"class":62},"high",[44,16509,66],{"class":58},[44,16511,16512],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,16513,9447],{"class":115},[44,16515,16516],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,16517,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,16519,16520,16522,16524,16527],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,16521,142],{"class":141},[44,16523,123],{"class":115},[44,16525,16526],{"class":119},"scores",[44,16528,135],{"class":115},[1474,16530,16532],{"id":16531},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16534,16535],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16537,16538],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,16540,16542],{"className":37,"code":16541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16543,16544,16549,16554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16545,16546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16547,16548],{"class":3787},"# bad = {\n",[44,16550,16551],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16552,16553],{"class":3787},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,16555,16556],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,16557,16558],{"class":3787},"# }\n",[20,16560,16561],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,16563,16565],{"className":37,"code":16564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16566,16567,16576,16596,16600,16604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16568,16569,16572,16574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16570,16571],{"class":50},"good ",[44,16573,55],{"class":54},[44,16575,11633],{"class":115},[44,16577,16578,16581,16583,16585,16587,16590,16592,16594],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16579,16580],{"class":115},"    (",[44,16582,3111],{"class":77},[44,16584,129],{"class":115},[44,16586,3116],{"class":77},[44,16588,16589],{"class":115},"):",[44,16591,59],{"class":58},[44,16593,3771],{"class":62},[44,16595,66],{"class":58},[44,16597,16598],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,16599,9447],{"class":115},[44,16601,16602],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,16603,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,16605,16606,16608,16610,16613],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,16607,142],{"class":141},[44,16609,123],{"class":115},[44,16611,16612],{"class":119},"good",[44,16614,135],{"class":115},[30,16616,16618],{"id":16617},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16620,16621],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16623,16624],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[218,16626,16627,16630,16632,16635],{},[221,16628,16629],{},"user data",[221,16631,14022],{},[221,16633,16634],{},"counters",[221,16636,16637],{},"lookups",[20,16639,238],{},[35,16641,16643],{"className":37,"code":16642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16644,16645,16653,16672,16691,16703,16707,16711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16646,16647,16649,16651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16648,11628],{"class":50},[44,16650,55],{"class":54},[44,16652,11633],{"class":115},[44,16654,16655,16657,16659,16661,16663,16665,16668,16670],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16656,11638],{"class":58},[44,16658,1632],{"class":62},[44,16660,112],{"class":58},[44,16662,790],{"class":115},[44,16664,59],{"class":58},[44,16666,16667],{"class":62},"ana123",[44,16669,112],{"class":58},[44,16671,11653],{"class":115},[44,16673,16674,16676,16678,16680,16682,16684,16687,16689],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,16675,11638],{"class":58},[44,16677,15396],{"class":62},[44,16679,112],{"class":58},[44,16681,790],{"class":115},[44,16683,59],{"class":58},[44,16685,16686],{"class":62},"ana@example.com",[44,16688,112],{"class":58},[44,16690,11653],{"class":115},[44,16692,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,16694,11638],{"class":58},[44,16696,12654],{"class":62},[44,16698,112],{"class":58},[44,16700,790],{"class":115},[44,16702,6560],{"class":3978},[44,16704,16705],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,16706,9447],{"class":115},[44,16708,16709],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,16710,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,16712,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16723,16725,16727],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,16714,142],{"class":141},[44,16716,123],{"class":115},[44,16718,11721],{"class":119},[44,16720,4027],{"class":115},[44,16722,112],{"class":58},[44,16724,15396],{"class":62},[44,16726,112],{"class":58},[44,16728,4015],{"class":115},[20,16730,16731,16732,116],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[200,16733,16735],{"href":16734},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16737,16738],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[218,16740,16741,16744,16747],{},[221,16742,16743],{},"labels are not needed",[221,16745,16746],{},"you mostly care about position",[221,16748,16749],{},"order matters more than named fields",[30,16751,1467],{"id":1466},[20,16753,16754],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[218,16756,16757,16760,16763,16766,16769],{},[221,16758,16759],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[221,16761,16762],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[221,16764,16765],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[221,16767,16768],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[221,16770,16771,16772,16774],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16773,101],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1474,16776,16778],{"id":16777},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16780,16781],{},"Wrong:",[35,16783,16785],{"className":37,"code":16784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16786,16787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16788,16789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16790,16784],{"class":3787},[20,16792,16793],{},"Correct:",[35,16795,16797],{"className":37,"code":16796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16798,16799,16823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16800,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16802,13003],{"class":50},[44,16804,55],{"class":54},[44,16806,10629],{"class":115},[44,16808,112],{"class":58},[44,16810,126],{"class":62},[44,16812,112],{"class":58},[44,16814,790],{"class":115},[44,16816,59],{"class":58},[44,16818,833],{"class":62},[44,16820,112],{"class":58},[44,16822,9447],{"class":115},[44,16824,16825,16827,16829,16831],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16826,142],{"class":141},[44,16828,123],{"class":115},[44,16830,945],{"class":119},[44,16832,135],{"class":115},[1474,16834,16836],{"id":16835},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16838,16781],{},[35,16840,16842],{"className":37,"code":16841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16843,16844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16845,16846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16847,16841],{"class":3787},[20,16849,16850,16851,16853,16854,16856],{},"This only works if ",[15,16852,126],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16855,15377],{},", use quotes.",[20,16858,16793],{},[35,16860,16861],{"className":37,"code":16796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16862,16863,16887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16864,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16866,13003],{"class":50},[44,16868,55],{"class":54},[44,16870,10629],{"class":115},[44,16872,112],{"class":58},[44,16874,126],{"class":62},[44,16876,112],{"class":58},[44,16878,790],{"class":115},[44,16880,59],{"class":58},[44,16882,833],{"class":62},[44,16884,112],{"class":58},[44,16886,9447],{"class":115},[44,16888,16889,16891,16893,16895],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16890,142],{"class":141},[44,16892,123],{"class":115},[44,16894,945],{"class":119},[44,16896,135],{"class":115},[1474,16898,16900],{"id":16899},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,16902,16904],{"className":37,"code":16903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16905,16906,16938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16907,16908,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928,16930,16932,16934,16936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16909,9306],{"class":50},[44,16911,55],{"class":54},[44,16913,10629],{"class":115},[44,16915,112],{"class":58},[44,16917,9437],{"class":62},[44,16919,112],{"class":58},[44,16921,790],{"class":115},[44,16923,7928],{"class":77},[44,16925,129],{"class":115},[44,16927,59],{"class":58},[44,16929,9437],{"class":62},[44,16931,112],{"class":58},[44,16933,790],{"class":115},[44,16935,7933],{"class":77},[44,16937,9447],{"class":115},[44,16939,16940,16942,16944,16946],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,16941,142],{"class":141},[44,16943,123],{"class":115},[44,16945,9343],{"class":119},[44,16947,135],{"class":115},[20,16949,16950],{},[153,16951,155],{},[35,16953,16955],{"className":37,"code":16954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16956,16957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16958,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16960,1072],{"class":115},[44,16962,1338],{"class":58},[44,16964,9437],{"class":62},[44,16966,1338],{"class":58},[44,16968,790],{"class":115},[44,16970,7933],{"class":77},[44,16972,9447],{"class":115},[30,16974,16976],{"id":16975},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16978,16979],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,16981,16983],{"className":37,"code":16982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16984,16985,17021,17025,17035,17049,17064,17078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16986,16987,16989,16991,16993,16995,16997,16999,17001,17003,17005,17007,17009,17011,17013,17015,17017,17019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16988,11864],{"class":50},[44,16990,55],{"class":54},[44,16992,10629],{"class":115},[44,16994,112],{"class":58},[44,16996,126],{"class":62},[44,16998,112],{"class":58},[44,17000,790],{"class":115},[44,17002,59],{"class":58},[44,17004,833],{"class":62},[44,17006,112],{"class":58},[44,17008,129],{"class":115},[44,17010,59],{"class":58},[44,17012,9437],{"class":62},[44,17014,112],{"class":58},[44,17016,790],{"class":115},[44,17018,7928],{"class":77},[44,17020,9447],{"class":115},[44,17022,17023],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17024,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,17026,17027,17029,17031,17033],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,17028,142],{"class":141},[44,17030,123],{"class":115},[44,17032,11589],{"class":119},[44,17034,135],{"class":115},[44,17036,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045,17047],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,17038,142],{"class":141},[44,17040,123],{"class":115},[44,17042,1297],{"class":1296},[44,17044,123],{"class":115},[44,17046,11589],{"class":119},[44,17048,567],{"class":115},[44,17050,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17062],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,17052,142],{"class":141},[44,17054,123],{"class":115},[44,17056,11589],{"class":119},[44,17058,116],{"class":115},[44,17060,17061],{"class":119},"keys",[44,17063,7332],{"class":115},[44,17065,17066,17068,17070,17072,17074,17076],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,17067,142],{"class":141},[44,17069,123],{"class":115},[44,17071,11589],{"class":119},[44,17073,116],{"class":115},[44,17075,5492],{"class":119},[44,17077,7332],{"class":115},[44,17079,17080,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,17081,142],{"class":141},[44,17083,123],{"class":115},[44,17085,11302],{"class":141},[44,17087,123],{"class":115},[44,17089,11589],{"class":119},[44,17091,567],{"class":115},[20,17093,17094],{},[153,17095,17096],{},"Example output:",[35,17098,17100],{"className":37,"code":17099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17101,17102,17134,17148,17171,17190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17103,17104,17106,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17105,1072],{"class":115},[44,17107,1338],{"class":58},[44,17109,126],{"class":62},[44,17111,1338],{"class":58},[44,17113,790],{"class":115},[44,17115,1332],{"class":58},[44,17117,833],{"class":62},[44,17119,1338],{"class":58},[44,17121,129],{"class":115},[44,17123,1332],{"class":58},[44,17125,9437],{"class":62},[44,17127,1338],{"class":58},[44,17129,790],{"class":115},[44,17131,7928],{"class":77},[44,17133,9447],{"class":115},[44,17135,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17137,1326],{"class":54},[44,17139,1329],{"class":1075},[44,17141,1332],{"class":58},[44,17143,8961],{"class":62},[44,17145,1338],{"class":58},[44,17147,1341],{"class":54},[44,17149,17150,17153,17155,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,17151,17152],{"class":119},"dict_keys",[44,17154,3108],{"class":115},[44,17156,1338],{"class":58},[44,17158,126],{"class":62},[44,17160,1338],{"class":58},[44,17162,129],{"class":115},[44,17164,1332],{"class":58},[44,17166,9437],{"class":62},[44,17168,1338],{"class":58},[44,17170,4015],{"class":115},[44,17172,17173,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,17174,17175],{"class":119},"dict_values",[44,17177,3108],{"class":115},[44,17179,1338],{"class":58},[44,17181,833],{"class":62},[44,17183,1338],{"class":58},[44,17185,129],{"class":115},[44,17187,7928],{"class":77},[44,17189,4015],{"class":115},[44,17191,17192],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,17193,17194],{"class":77},"2\n",[20,17196,17197,17198,2310,17204,17210,17211,116],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[200,17199,10876,17201],{"href":17200},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17202,17203],{},"keys()",[200,17205,10876,17207],{"href":17206},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17208,17209],{},"values()",", and ",[200,17212,10876,17214],{"href":17213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17215,17216],{},"items()",[30,17218,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,17220,17222],{"id":17221},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17224,189,17225,3000,17227,17229],{},[15,17226,101],{},[15,17228,9260],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1474,17231,17233],{"id":17232},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17235,17236,17237,116],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17238,17239],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1474,17241,17243],{"id":17242},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17245,17246],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1474,17248,17250],{"id":17249},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17252,17253],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1474,17255,5312,17257,536,17259,1995],{"id":17256},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17258,101],{},[15,17260,9260],{},[20,17262,17263,17265,17266,17268],{},[15,17264,101],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17267,9260],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[30,17270,2019],{"id":2018},[218,17272,17273,17277,17283,17287,17293],{},[221,17274,17275],{},[200,17276,9296],{"href":9295},[221,17278,17279],{},[200,17280,10876,17281,10880],{"href":10875},[15,17282,10879],{},[221,17284,17285],{},[200,17286,11392],{"href":10870},[221,17288,17289],{},[200,17290,17292],{"href":17291},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[221,17294,17295],{},[200,17296,11403],{"href":11214},[20,17298,17299],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2048,17301,17302],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":17304},[17305,17306,17307,17308,17311,17314,17319,17320,17325,17326,17331,17332,17340],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":15299,"depth":69,"text":15300},{"id":15317,"depth":69,"text":15305},{"id":15402,"depth":69,"text":15403,"children":17309},[17310],{"id":15554,"depth":81,"text":15555},{"id":9540,"depth":69,"text":9541,"children":17312},[17313],{"id":15733,"depth":81,"text":15734},{"id":15846,"depth":69,"text":17315,"children":17316},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17317],{"id":15973,"depth":81,"text":17318},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9582,"depth":69,"text":9583},{"id":16326,"depth":69,"text":16327,"children":17321},[17322,17323,17324],{"id":16347,"depth":81,"text":16348},{"id":16449,"depth":81,"text":16450},{"id":16531,"depth":81,"text":16532},{"id":16617,"depth":69,"text":16618},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":17327},[17328,17329,17330],{"id":16777,"depth":81,"text":16778},{"id":16835,"depth":81,"text":16836},{"id":16899,"depth":81,"text":16900},{"id":16975,"depth":69,"text":16976},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":17333},[17334,17335,17336,17337,17338],{"id":17221,"depth":81,"text":17222},{"id":17232,"depth":81,"text":17233},{"id":17242,"depth":81,"text":17243},{"id":17249,"depth":81,"text":17250},{"id":17256,"depth":81,"text":17339},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15142,"description":17341},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17347,"title":17348,"body":17349,"description":19798,"extension":2084,"meta":19799,"navigation":84,"path":19800,"seo":19801,"stem":19802,"__hash__":19803},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17350,"toc":19754},[17351,17357,17363,17366,17369,17371,17453,17459,17464,17468,17486,17498,17503,17507,17530,17534,17546,17554,17556,17562,17564,17567,17642,17644,17689,17691,17708,17713,17719,17724,17798,17800,17845,17848,17859,17861,17980,17982,18035,18042,18046,18049,18066,18072,18076,18174,18176,18228,18235,18239,18245,18248,18251,18278,18283,18287,18290,18394,18396,18441,18444,18447,18452,18457,18468,18470,18531,18591,18597,18605,18611,18616,18621,18681,18685,18752,18755,18759,18830,18833,18846,18853,18855,18859,18863,18934,18936,18973,18976,18979,19042,19049,19052,19094,19104,19107,19176,19182,19187,19271,19273,19322,19329,19335,19380,19382,19415,19420,19424,19430,19469,19513,19581,19624,19626,19632,19635,19639,19644,19648,19651,19655,19657,19718,19720,19746,19751],[10,17352,11459,17354,18],{"id":17353},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17355,17356],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17358,17359,17362],{},[15,17360,17361],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17364,17365],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17367,17368],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[30,17370,33],{"id":32},[35,17372,17374],{"className":37,"code":17373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17375,17376,17409,17437,17448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17377,17378,17381,17383,17385,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17379,17380],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,17382,55],{"class":54},[44,17384,3744],{"class":115},[44,17386,112],{"class":58},[44,17388,126],{"class":62},[44,17390,112],{"class":58},[44,17392,129],{"class":115},[44,17394,59],{"class":58},[44,17396,9437],{"class":62},[44,17398,112],{"class":58},[44,17400,129],{"class":115},[44,17402,59],{"class":58},[44,17404,10547],{"class":62},[44,17406,112],{"class":58},[44,17408,3757],{"class":115},[44,17410,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17422,17424,17426,17428,17430,17433,17435],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17412,13342],{"class":50},[44,17414,55],{"class":54},[44,17416,9311],{"class":1296},[44,17418,116],{"class":115},[44,17420,17421],{"class":119},"fromkeys",[44,17423,123],{"class":115},[44,17425,17061],{"class":119},[44,17427,129],{"class":115},[44,17429,59],{"class":58},[44,17431,17432],{"class":62},"unknown",[44,17434,112],{"class":58},[44,17436,135],{"class":115},[44,17438,17439,17441,17443,17446],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,17440,142],{"class":141},[44,17442,123],{"class":115},[44,17444,17445],{"class":119},"person",[44,17447,135],{"class":115},[44,17449,17450],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,17451,17452],{"class":3787},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17454,189,17455,17458],{},[15,17456,17457],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[30,17460,3802,17462,3805],{"id":17461},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17463,17361],{},[20,17465,17466,790],{},[15,17467,17361],{},[218,17469,17470,17473,17476,17479],{},[221,17471,17472],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[221,17474,17475],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[221,17477,17478],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[221,17480,17481,17482,17485],{},"Is called as ",[15,17483,17484],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17487,17488,17489,17491,17492,17494,17495,116],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17490,8961],{},", so you write ",[15,17493,17484],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17496,17497],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17499,17500,17501,116],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[200,17502,9296],{"href":13160},[30,17504,17506],{"id":17505},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,17508,17510],{"className":37,"code":17509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17511,17512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17513,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17515,8961],{"class":1296},[44,17517,116],{"class":115},[44,17519,17421],{"class":119},[44,17521,123],{"class":115},[44,17523,3846],{"class":119},[44,17525,129],{"class":115},[44,17527,8572],{"class":119},[44,17529,135],{"class":115},[1474,17531,17533],{"id":17532},"parameters","Parameters",[218,17535,17536,17541],{},[221,17537,17538,17540],{},[15,17539,3846],{},": the keys to use",[221,17542,17543,17545],{},[15,17544,379],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17547,17548,17549,17551,17552,116],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17550,379],{},", each key gets ",[15,17553,3904],{},[1474,17555,1219],{"id":1218},[20,17557,17558,17559,116],{},"It returns a ",[153,17560,17561],{},"new dictionary",[30,17563,5922],{"id":5921},[20,17565,17566],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,17568,17570],{"className":37,"code":17569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17571,17572,17605,17627,17631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17573,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586,17588,17590,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17575,17380],{"class":50},[44,17577,55],{"class":54},[44,17579,3744],{"class":115},[44,17581,112],{"class":58},[44,17583,13230],{"class":62},[44,17585,112],{"class":58},[44,17587,129],{"class":115},[44,17589,59],{"class":58},[44,17591,17592],{"class":62},"green",[44,17594,112],{"class":58},[44,17596,129],{"class":115},[44,17598,59],{"class":58},[44,17600,13247],{"class":62},[44,17602,112],{"class":58},[44,17604,3757],{"class":115},[44,17606,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17608,13213],{"class":50},[44,17610,55],{"class":54},[44,17612,9311],{"class":1296},[44,17614,116],{"class":115},[44,17616,17421],{"class":119},[44,17618,123],{"class":115},[44,17620,17061],{"class":119},[44,17622,129],{"class":115},[44,17624,3959],{"class":77},[44,17626,135],{"class":115},[44,17628,17629],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,17630,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,17632,17633,17635,17637,17640],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,17634,142],{"class":141},[44,17636,123],{"class":115},[44,17638,17639],{"class":119},"colors",[44,17641,135],{"class":115},[20,17643,155],{},[35,17645,17647],{"className":37,"code":17646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17648,17649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17650,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659,17661,17663,17665,17667,17669,17671,17673,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17652,1072],{"class":115},[44,17654,1338],{"class":58},[44,17656,13230],{"class":62},[44,17658,1338],{"class":58},[44,17660,790],{"class":115},[44,17662,3959],{"class":77},[44,17664,129],{"class":115},[44,17666,1332],{"class":58},[44,17668,17592],{"class":62},[44,17670,1338],{"class":58},[44,17672,790],{"class":115},[44,17674,3959],{"class":77},[44,17676,129],{"class":115},[44,17678,1332],{"class":58},[44,17680,13247],{"class":62},[44,17682,1338],{"class":58},[44,17684,790],{"class":115},[44,17686,3959],{"class":77},[44,17688,9447],{"class":115},[20,17690,11823],{},[218,17692,17693,17698,17703],{},[221,17694,17695,17697],{},[15,17696,17061],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[221,17699,17700,17702],{},[15,17701,2240],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[221,17704,17705,17707],{},[15,17706,17361],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17709,17710,17711,116],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[200,17712,9530],{"href":13163},[30,17714,8556,17716,17718],{"id":17715},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17717,17356],{}," without a value",[20,17720,17721,17722,116],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17723,3904],{},[35,17725,17727],{"className":37,"code":17726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17728,17729,17763,17783,17787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17730,17731,17734,17736,17738,17740,17742,17744,17746,17748,17750,17752,17754,17756,17759,17761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17732,17733],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,17735,55],{"class":54},[44,17737,3744],{"class":115},[44,17739,112],{"class":58},[44,17741,1632],{"class":62},[44,17743,112],{"class":58},[44,17745,129],{"class":115},[44,17747,59],{"class":58},[44,17749,15396],{"class":62},[44,17751,112],{"class":58},[44,17753,129],{"class":115},[44,17755,59],{"class":58},[44,17757,17758],{"class":62},"password",[44,17760,112],{"class":58},[44,17762,3757],{"class":115},[44,17764,17765,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17781],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17766,17767],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,17769,55],{"class":54},[44,17771,9311],{"class":1296},[44,17773,116],{"class":115},[44,17775,17421],{"class":119},[44,17777,123],{"class":115},[44,17779,17780],{"class":119},"fields",[44,17782,135],{"class":115},[44,17784,17785],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,17786,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,17788,17789,17791,17793,17796],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,17790,142],{"class":141},[44,17792,123],{"class":115},[44,17794,17795],{"class":119},"user_data",[44,17797,135],{"class":115},[20,17799,155],{},[35,17801,17803],{"className":37,"code":17802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17804,17805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17806,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17808,1072],{"class":115},[44,17810,1338],{"class":58},[44,17812,1632],{"class":62},[44,17814,1338],{"class":58},[44,17816,790],{"class":115},[44,17818,3979],{"class":3978},[44,17820,129],{"class":115},[44,17822,1332],{"class":58},[44,17824,15396],{"class":62},[44,17826,1338],{"class":58},[44,17828,790],{"class":115},[44,17830,3979],{"class":3978},[44,17832,129],{"class":115},[44,17834,1332],{"class":58},[44,17836,17758],{"class":62},[44,17838,1338],{"class":58},[44,17840,790],{"class":115},[44,17842,3979],{"class":3978},[44,17844,9447],{"class":115},[20,17846,17847],{},"This is useful when:",[218,17849,17850,17853,17856],{},[221,17851,17852],{},"You want to create the keys first",[221,17854,17855],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[221,17857,17858],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17860,238],{},[35,17862,17864],{"className":37,"code":17863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17865,17866,17898,17916,17920,17943,17966,17970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17867,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17869,17733],{"class":50},[44,17871,55],{"class":54},[44,17873,3744],{"class":115},[44,17875,112],{"class":58},[44,17877,1632],{"class":62},[44,17879,112],{"class":58},[44,17881,129],{"class":115},[44,17883,59],{"class":58},[44,17885,15396],{"class":62},[44,17887,112],{"class":58},[44,17889,129],{"class":115},[44,17891,59],{"class":58},[44,17893,17758],{"class":62},[44,17895,112],{"class":58},[44,17897,3757],{"class":115},[44,17899,17900,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,17901,17767],{"class":50},[44,17903,55],{"class":54},[44,17905,9311],{"class":1296},[44,17907,116],{"class":115},[44,17909,17421],{"class":119},[44,17911,123],{"class":115},[44,17913,17780],{"class":119},[44,17915,135],{"class":115},[44,17917,17918],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,17919,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,17921,17922,17924,17926,17928,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17941],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,17923,17795],{"class":50},[44,17925,4027],{"class":115},[44,17927,112],{"class":58},[44,17929,1632],{"class":62},[44,17931,112],{"class":58},[44,17933,13411],{"class":115},[44,17935,13414],{"class":54},[44,17937,59],{"class":58},[44,17939,17940],{"class":62},"alice",[44,17942,66],{"class":58},[44,17944,17945,17947,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957,17959,17961,17964],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,17946,17795],{"class":50},[44,17948,4027],{"class":115},[44,17950,112],{"class":58},[44,17952,15396],{"class":62},[44,17954,112],{"class":58},[44,17956,13411],{"class":115},[44,17958,13414],{"class":54},[44,17960,59],{"class":58},[44,17962,17963],{"class":62},"alice@example.com",[44,17965,66],{"class":58},[44,17967,17968],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,17969,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,17971,17972,17974,17976,17978],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,17973,142],{"class":141},[44,17975,123],{"class":115},[44,17977,17795],{"class":119},[44,17979,135],{"class":115},[20,17981,155],{},[35,17983,17985],{"className":37,"code":17984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17986,17987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17988,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17990,1072],{"class":115},[44,17992,1338],{"class":58},[44,17994,1632],{"class":62},[44,17996,1338],{"class":58},[44,17998,790],{"class":115},[44,18000,1332],{"class":58},[44,18002,17940],{"class":62},[44,18004,1338],{"class":58},[44,18006,129],{"class":115},[44,18008,1332],{"class":58},[44,18010,15396],{"class":62},[44,18012,1338],{"class":58},[44,18014,790],{"class":115},[44,18016,1332],{"class":58},[44,18018,17963],{"class":62},[44,18020,1338],{"class":58},[44,18022,129],{"class":115},[44,18024,1332],{"class":58},[44,18026,17758],{"class":62},[44,18028,1338],{"class":58},[44,18030,790],{"class":115},[44,18032,3979],{"class":3978},[44,18034,9447],{"class":115},[20,18036,18037,18038,116],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[200,18039,18041],{"href":18040},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,18043,18045],{"id":18044},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18047,18048],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[218,18050,18051,18056,18061],{},[221,18052,18053,18055],{},[15,18054,3913],{}," (list)",[221,18057,18058,18060],{},[15,18059,101],{}," (dictionary)",[221,18062,18063,18065],{},[15,18064,3922],{}," (set)",[20,18067,18068,18069,116],{},"All keys will point to the ",[153,18070,18071],{},"same object",[1474,18073,18075],{"id":18074},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,18077,18079],{"className":37,"code":18078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18080,18081,18113,18134,18138,18160,18164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18082,18083,18085,18087,18089,18091,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18084,17380],{"class":50},[44,18086,55],{"class":54},[44,18088,3744],{"class":115},[44,18090,112],{"class":58},[44,18092,200],{"class":62},[44,18094,112],{"class":58},[44,18096,129],{"class":115},[44,18098,59],{"class":58},[44,18100,4891],{"class":62},[44,18102,112],{"class":58},[44,18104,129],{"class":115},[44,18106,59],{"class":58},[44,18108,9878],{"class":62},[44,18110,112],{"class":58},[44,18112,3757],{"class":115},[44,18114,18115,18117,18119,18121,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18116,9306],{"class":50},[44,18118,55],{"class":54},[44,18120,9311],{"class":1296},[44,18122,116],{"class":115},[44,18124,17421],{"class":119},[44,18126,123],{"class":115},[44,18128,17061],{"class":119},[44,18130,129],{"class":115},[44,18132,18133],{"class":115}," [])\n",[44,18135,18136],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,18137,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,18139,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,18141,9343],{"class":50},[44,18143,4027],{"class":115},[44,18145,112],{"class":58},[44,18147,200],{"class":62},[44,18149,112],{"class":58},[44,18151,13688],{"class":115},[44,18153,13691],{"class":119},[44,18155,123],{"class":115},[44,18157,3111],{"class":77},[44,18159,135],{"class":115},[44,18161,18162],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,18163,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,18165,18166,18168,18170,18172],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,18167,142],{"class":141},[44,18169,123],{"class":115},[44,18171,9343],{"class":119},[44,18173,135],{"class":115},[20,18175,155],{},[35,18177,18179],{"className":37,"code":18178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18180,18181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18182,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197,18200,18202,18204,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18184,1072],{"class":115},[44,18186,1338],{"class":58},[44,18188,200],{"class":62},[44,18190,1338],{"class":58},[44,18192,790],{"class":115},[44,18194,3744],{"class":115},[44,18196,3111],{"class":77},[44,18198,18199],{"class":115},"],",[44,18201,1332],{"class":58},[44,18203,4891],{"class":62},[44,18205,1338],{"class":58},[44,18207,790],{"class":115},[44,18209,3744],{"class":115},[44,18211,3111],{"class":77},[44,18213,18199],{"class":115},[44,18215,1332],{"class":58},[44,18217,9878],{"class":62},[44,18219,1338],{"class":58},[44,18221,790],{"class":115},[44,18223,3744],{"class":115},[44,18225,3111],{"class":77},[44,18227,13843],{"class":115},[20,18229,18230,18231,18234],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18232,18233],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1474,18236,18238],{"id":18237},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18240,18241,18244],{},[15,18242,18243],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18246,18247],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18249,18250],{},"So this:",[35,18252,18254],{"className":37,"code":18253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18255,18256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18257,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18259,9343],{"class":50},[44,18261,4027],{"class":115},[44,18263,112],{"class":58},[44,18265,200],{"class":62},[44,18267,112],{"class":58},[44,18269,13688],{"class":115},[44,18271,13691],{"class":119},[44,18273,123],{"class":115},[44,18275,3111],{"class":77},[44,18277,135],{"class":115},[20,18279,18280,18281,116],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18282,18233],{},[1474,18284,18286],{"id":18285},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18288,18289],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,18291,18293],{"className":37,"code":18292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18294,18295,18327,18354,18358,18380,18384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18296,18297,18299,18301,18303,18305,18307,18309,18311,18313,18315,18317,18319,18321,18323,18325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18298,17380],{"class":50},[44,18300,55],{"class":54},[44,18302,3744],{"class":115},[44,18304,112],{"class":58},[44,18306,200],{"class":62},[44,18308,112],{"class":58},[44,18310,129],{"class":115},[44,18312,59],{"class":58},[44,18314,4891],{"class":62},[44,18316,112],{"class":58},[44,18318,129],{"class":115},[44,18320,59],{"class":58},[44,18322,9878],{"class":62},[44,18324,112],{"class":58},[44,18326,3757],{"class":115},[44,18328,18329,18331,18333,18335,18337,18339,18342,18344,18347,18349,18352],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18330,9306],{"class":50},[44,18332,55],{"class":54},[44,18334,10629],{"class":115},[44,18336,14979],{"class":50},[44,18338,790],{"class":115},[44,18340,18341],{"class":115}," []",[44,18343,4004],{"class":4003},[44,18345,18346],{"class":50}," key ",[44,18348,887],{"class":4003},[44,18350,18351],{"class":50}," keys",[44,18353,9447],{"class":115},[44,18355,18356],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,18357,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,18359,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,18361,9343],{"class":50},[44,18363,4027],{"class":115},[44,18365,112],{"class":58},[44,18367,200],{"class":62},[44,18369,112],{"class":58},[44,18371,13688],{"class":115},[44,18373,13691],{"class":119},[44,18375,123],{"class":115},[44,18377,3111],{"class":77},[44,18379,135],{"class":115},[44,18381,18382],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,18383,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,18385,18386,18388,18390,18392],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,18387,142],{"class":141},[44,18389,123],{"class":115},[44,18391,9343],{"class":119},[44,18393,135],{"class":115},[20,18395,155],{},[35,18397,18399],{"className":37,"code":18398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18400,18401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18402,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18404,1072],{"class":115},[44,18406,1338],{"class":58},[44,18408,200],{"class":62},[44,18410,1338],{"class":58},[44,18412,790],{"class":115},[44,18414,3744],{"class":115},[44,18416,3111],{"class":77},[44,18418,18199],{"class":115},[44,18420,1332],{"class":58},[44,18422,4891],{"class":62},[44,18424,1338],{"class":58},[44,18426,790],{"class":115},[44,18428,18429],{"class":115}," [],",[44,18431,1332],{"class":58},[44,18433,9878],{"class":62},[44,18435,1338],{"class":58},[44,18437,790],{"class":115},[44,18439,18440],{"class":115}," []}\n",[20,18442,18443],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18445,18446],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[30,18448,5092,18450],{"id":18449},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18451,17356],{},[20,18453,18454,18456],{},[15,18455,17361],{}," is a good choice when:",[218,18458,18459,18462,18465],{},[221,18460,18461],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[221,18463,18464],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[221,18466,18467],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18469,2246],{},[35,18471,18473],{"className":37,"code":18472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18474,18475,18520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18476,18477,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490,18492,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18512,18514,18516,18518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18478,18479],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,18481,55],{"class":54},[44,18483,9311],{"class":1296},[44,18485,116],{"class":115},[44,18487,17421],{"class":119},[44,18489,3108],{"class":115},[44,18491,112],{"class":58},[44,18493,18494],{"class":62},"is_admin",[44,18496,112],{"class":58},[44,18498,129],{"class":115},[44,18500,59],{"class":58},[44,18502,15216],{"class":62},[44,18504,112],{"class":58},[44,18506,129],{"class":115},[44,18508,59],{"class":58},[44,18510,18511],{"class":62},"is_verified",[44,18513,112],{"class":58},[44,18515,18199],{"class":115},[44,18517,4034],{"class":3978},[44,18519,135],{"class":115},[44,18521,18522,18524,18526,18529],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18523,142],{"class":141},[44,18525,123],{"class":115},[44,18527,18528],{"class":119},"flags",[44,18530,135],{"class":115},[35,18532,18534],{"className":37,"code":18533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18535,18536,18581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18537,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546,18548,18550,18552,18555,18557,18559,18561,18564,18566,18568,18570,18573,18575,18577,18579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18539,5195],{"class":50},[44,18541,55],{"class":54},[44,18543,9311],{"class":1296},[44,18545,116],{"class":115},[44,18547,17421],{"class":119},[44,18549,3108],{"class":115},[44,18551,112],{"class":58},[44,18553,18554],{"class":62},"math",[44,18556,112],{"class":58},[44,18558,129],{"class":115},[44,18560,59],{"class":58},[44,18562,18563],{"class":62},"science",[44,18565,112],{"class":58},[44,18567,129],{"class":115},[44,18569,59],{"class":58},[44,18571,18572],{"class":62},"history",[44,18574,112],{"class":58},[44,18576,18199],{"class":115},[44,18578,3959],{"class":77},[44,18580,135],{"class":115},[44,18582,18583,18585,18587,18589],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18584,142],{"class":141},[44,18586,123],{"class":115},[44,18588,16526],{"class":119},[44,18590,135],{"class":115},[20,18592,18593,18594,18596],{},"It is ",[153,18595,4761],{}," the best choice when:",[218,18598,18599,18602],{},[221,18600,18601],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[221,18603,18604],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[30,18606,18608,18610],{"id":18607},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18609,17356],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18612,18613,18615],{},[15,18614,17356],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1474,18617,8556,18619],{"id":18618},"using-fromkeys",[15,18620,17356],{},[35,18622,18624],{"className":37,"code":18623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18625,18626,18671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18627,18628,18630,18632,18634,18636,18638,18640,18642,18645,18647,18649,18651,18654,18656,18658,18660,18663,18665,18667,18669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18629,13963],{"class":50},[44,18631,55],{"class":54},[44,18633,9311],{"class":1296},[44,18635,116],{"class":115},[44,18637,17421],{"class":119},[44,18639,3108],{"class":115},[44,18641,112],{"class":58},[44,18643,18644],{"class":62},"sound",[44,18646,112],{"class":58},[44,18648,129],{"class":115},[44,18650,59],{"class":58},[44,18652,18653],{"class":62},"music",[44,18655,112],{"class":58},[44,18657,129],{"class":115},[44,18659,59],{"class":58},[44,18661,18662],{"class":62},"notifications",[44,18664,112],{"class":58},[44,18666,18199],{"class":115},[44,18668,4043],{"class":3978},[44,18670,135],{"class":115},[44,18672,18673,18675,18677,18679],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18674,142],{"class":141},[44,18676,123],{"class":115},[44,18678,14022],{"class":119},[44,18680,135],{"class":115},[1474,18682,18684],{"id":18683},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,18686,18688],{"className":37,"code":18687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18689,18690,18698,18712,18726,18738,18742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18691,18692,18694,18696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18693,13963],{"class":50},[44,18695,55],{"class":54},[44,18697,11633],{"class":115},[44,18699,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18701,11638],{"class":58},[44,18703,18644],{"class":62},[44,18705,112],{"class":58},[44,18707,790],{"class":115},[44,18709,4043],{"class":3978},[44,18711,11653],{"class":115},[44,18713,18714,18716,18718,18720,18722,18724],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,18715,11638],{"class":58},[44,18717,18653],{"class":62},[44,18719,112],{"class":58},[44,18721,790],{"class":115},[44,18723,4034],{"class":3978},[44,18725,11653],{"class":115},[44,18727,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,18729,11638],{"class":58},[44,18731,18662],{"class":62},[44,18733,112],{"class":58},[44,18735,790],{"class":115},[44,18737,6560],{"class":3978},[44,18739,18740],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,18741,9447],{"class":115},[44,18743,18744,18746,18748,18750],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,18745,142],{"class":141},[44,18747,123],{"class":115},[44,18749,14022],{"class":119},[44,18751,135],{"class":115},[20,18753,18754],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1474,18756,18758],{"id":18757},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,18760,18762],{"className":37,"code":18761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18763,18764,18796,18820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18765,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788,18790,18792,18794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18767,17380],{"class":50},[44,18769,55],{"class":54},[44,18771,3744],{"class":115},[44,18773,112],{"class":58},[44,18775,200],{"class":62},[44,18777,112],{"class":58},[44,18779,129],{"class":115},[44,18781,59],{"class":58},[44,18783,4891],{"class":62},[44,18785,112],{"class":58},[44,18787,129],{"class":115},[44,18789,59],{"class":58},[44,18791,9878],{"class":62},[44,18793,112],{"class":58},[44,18795,3757],{"class":115},[44,18797,18798,18800,18802,18804,18806,18808,18810,18812,18814,18816,18818],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18799,9306],{"class":50},[44,18801,55],{"class":54},[44,18803,10629],{"class":115},[44,18805,14979],{"class":50},[44,18807,790],{"class":115},[44,18809,18341],{"class":115},[44,18811,4004],{"class":4003},[44,18813,18346],{"class":50},[44,18815,887],{"class":4003},[44,18817,18351],{"class":50},[44,18819,9447],{"class":115},[44,18821,18822,18824,18826,18828],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,18823,142],{"class":141},[44,18825,123],{"class":115},[44,18827,9343],{"class":119},[44,18829,135],{"class":115},[20,18831,18832],{},"Use:",[218,18834,18835,18840,18843],{},[221,18836,18837,18839],{},[15,18838,17356],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[221,18841,18842],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[221,18844,18845],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18847,18848,18849,116],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[200,18850,10876,18851,10880],{"href":14170},[15,18852,15091],{},[30,18854,1467],{"id":1466},[20,18856,14871,18857,116],{},[15,18858,17361],{},[1474,18860,18862],{"id":18861},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,18864,18866],{"className":37,"code":18865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18867,18868,18901,18924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18869,18870,18873,18875,18877,18879,18881,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18871,18872],{"class":50},"d ",[44,18874,55],{"class":54},[44,18876,9311],{"class":1296},[44,18878,116],{"class":115},[44,18880,17421],{"class":119},[44,18882,3108],{"class":115},[44,18884,112],{"class":58},[44,18886,200],{"class":62},[44,18888,112],{"class":58},[44,18890,129],{"class":115},[44,18892,59],{"class":58},[44,18894,4891],{"class":62},[44,18896,112],{"class":58},[44,18898,18199],{"class":115},[44,18900,18133],{"class":115},[44,18902,18903,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,18904,18905],{"class":50},"d",[44,18907,4027],{"class":115},[44,18909,112],{"class":58},[44,18911,200],{"class":62},[44,18913,112],{"class":58},[44,18915,13688],{"class":115},[44,18917,13691],{"class":119},[44,18919,123],{"class":115},[44,18921,3111],{"class":77},[44,18923,135],{"class":115},[44,18925,18926,18928,18930,18932],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,18927,142],{"class":141},[44,18929,123],{"class":115},[44,18931,18905],{"class":119},[44,18933,135],{"class":115},[20,18935,155],{},[35,18937,18939],{"className":37,"code":18938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18940,18941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18942,18943,18945,18947,18949,18951,18953,18955,18957,18959,18961,18963,18965,18967,18969,18971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18944,1072],{"class":115},[44,18946,1338],{"class":58},[44,18948,200],{"class":62},[44,18950,1338],{"class":58},[44,18952,790],{"class":115},[44,18954,3744],{"class":115},[44,18956,3111],{"class":77},[44,18958,18199],{"class":115},[44,18960,1332],{"class":58},[44,18962,4891],{"class":62},[44,18964,1338],{"class":58},[44,18966,790],{"class":115},[44,18968,3744],{"class":115},[44,18970,3111],{"class":77},[44,18972,13843],{"class":115},[20,18974,18975],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18977,18978],{},"Use this instead:",[35,18980,18982],{"className":37,"code":18981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18983,18984,19008,19032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18985,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18987,17380],{"class":50},[44,18989,55],{"class":54},[44,18991,3744],{"class":115},[44,18993,112],{"class":58},[44,18995,200],{"class":62},[44,18997,112],{"class":58},[44,18999,129],{"class":115},[44,19001,59],{"class":58},[44,19003,4891],{"class":62},[44,19005,112],{"class":58},[44,19007,3757],{"class":115},[44,19009,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028,19030],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19011,18872],{"class":50},[44,19013,55],{"class":54},[44,19015,10629],{"class":115},[44,19017,14979],{"class":50},[44,19019,790],{"class":115},[44,19021,18341],{"class":115},[44,19023,4004],{"class":4003},[44,19025,18346],{"class":50},[44,19027,887],{"class":4003},[44,19029,18351],{"class":50},[44,19031,9447],{"class":115},[44,19033,19034,19036,19038,19040],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,19035,142],{"class":141},[44,19037,123],{"class":115},[44,19039,18905],{"class":119},[44,19041,135],{"class":115},[1474,19043,19045,19046,19048],{"id":19044},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19047,17356],{}," on a list",[20,19050,19051],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,19053,19055],{"className":37,"code":19054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19056,19057,19089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19058,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085,19087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19060,17380],{"class":50},[44,19062,55],{"class":54},[44,19064,3744],{"class":115},[44,19066,112],{"class":58},[44,19068,200],{"class":62},[44,19070,112],{"class":58},[44,19072,129],{"class":115},[44,19074,59],{"class":58},[44,19076,4891],{"class":62},[44,19078,112],{"class":58},[44,19080,129],{"class":115},[44,19082,59],{"class":58},[44,19084,9878],{"class":62},[44,19086,112],{"class":58},[44,19088,3757],{"class":115},[44,19090,19091],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19092,19093],{"class":3787},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19095,19096,19098,19099,19101,19102,116],{},[15,19097,17356],{}," belongs to ",[15,19100,8961],{},", not ",[15,19103,8231],{},[20,19105,19106],{},"Correct usage:",[35,19108,19110],{"className":37,"code":19109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19111,19112,19144,19166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19113,19114,19116,19118,19120,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19115,17380],{"class":50},[44,19117,55],{"class":54},[44,19119,3744],{"class":115},[44,19121,112],{"class":58},[44,19123,200],{"class":62},[44,19125,112],{"class":58},[44,19127,129],{"class":115},[44,19129,59],{"class":58},[44,19131,4891],{"class":62},[44,19133,112],{"class":58},[44,19135,129],{"class":115},[44,19137,59],{"class":58},[44,19139,9878],{"class":62},[44,19141,112],{"class":58},[44,19143,3757],{"class":115},[44,19145,19146,19148,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19147,18872],{"class":50},[44,19149,55],{"class":54},[44,19151,9311],{"class":1296},[44,19153,116],{"class":115},[44,19155,17421],{"class":119},[44,19157,123],{"class":115},[44,19159,17061],{"class":119},[44,19161,129],{"class":115},[44,19163,3959],{"class":77},[44,19165,135],{"class":115},[44,19167,19168,19170,19172,19174],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,19169,142],{"class":141},[44,19171,123],{"class":115},[44,19173,18905],{"class":119},[44,19175,135],{"class":115},[1474,19177,1707,19179,19181],{"id":19178},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19180,17356],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19183,19184,19186],{},[15,19185,17361],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,19188,19190],{"className":37,"code":19189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19191,19192,19212,19246,19250,19260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19193,19194,19196,19198,19200,19202,19204,19206,19208,19210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19195,12226],{"class":50},[44,19197,55],{"class":54},[44,19199,10629],{"class":115},[44,19201,112],{"class":58},[44,19203,2294],{"class":62},[44,19205,112],{"class":58},[44,19207,790],{"class":115},[44,19209,5632],{"class":77},[44,19211,9447],{"class":115},[44,19213,19214,19216,19218,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19215,13175],{"class":50},[44,19217,55],{"class":54},[44,19219,9311],{"class":1296},[44,19221,116],{"class":115},[44,19223,17421],{"class":119},[44,19225,3108],{"class":115},[44,19227,112],{"class":58},[44,19229,200],{"class":62},[44,19231,112],{"class":58},[44,19233,129],{"class":115},[44,19235,59],{"class":58},[44,19237,4891],{"class":62},[44,19239,112],{"class":58},[44,19241,18199],{"class":115},[44,19243,3959],{"class":77},[44,19245,135],{"class":115},[44,19247,19248],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,19249,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,19251,19252,19254,19256,19258],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,19253,142],{"class":141},[44,19255,123],{"class":115},[44,19257,12273],{"class":119},[44,19259,135],{"class":115},[44,19261,19262,19264,19266,19269],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,19263,142],{"class":141},[44,19265,123],{"class":115},[44,19267,19268],{"class":119},"new_dict",[44,19270,135],{"class":115},[20,19272,155],{},[35,19274,19276],{"className":37,"code":19275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19277,19278,19294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19279,19280,19282,19284,19286,19288,19290,19292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19281,1072],{"class":115},[44,19283,1338],{"class":58},[44,19285,2294],{"class":62},[44,19287,1338],{"class":58},[44,19289,790],{"class":115},[44,19291,5632],{"class":77},[44,19293,9447],{"class":115},[44,19295,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19297,1072],{"class":115},[44,19299,1338],{"class":58},[44,19301,200],{"class":62},[44,19303,1338],{"class":58},[44,19305,790],{"class":115},[44,19307,3959],{"class":77},[44,19309,129],{"class":115},[44,19311,1332],{"class":58},[44,19313,4891],{"class":62},[44,19315,1338],{"class":58},[44,19317,790],{"class":115},[44,19319,3959],{"class":77},[44,19321,9447],{"class":115},[20,19323,19324,19325,116],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[200,19326,10876,19327,10880],{"href":14170},[15,19328,15091],{},[1474,19330,19332,19333],{"id":19331},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19334,3904],{},[35,19336,19338],{"className":37,"code":19337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19339,19340,19370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19341,19342,19344,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366,19368],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19343,18872],{"class":50},[44,19345,55],{"class":54},[44,19347,9311],{"class":1296},[44,19349,116],{"class":115},[44,19351,17421],{"class":119},[44,19353,3108],{"class":115},[44,19355,112],{"class":58},[44,19357,2294],{"class":62},[44,19359,112],{"class":58},[44,19361,129],{"class":115},[44,19363,59],{"class":58},[44,19365,11885],{"class":62},[44,19367,112],{"class":58},[44,19369,4015],{"class":115},[44,19371,19372,19374,19376,19378],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19373,142],{"class":141},[44,19375,123],{"class":115},[44,19377,18905],{"class":119},[44,19379,135],{"class":115},[20,19381,155],{},[35,19383,19385],{"className":37,"code":19384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19386,19387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19388,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411,19413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19390,1072],{"class":115},[44,19392,1338],{"class":58},[44,19394,2294],{"class":62},[44,19396,1338],{"class":58},[44,19398,790],{"class":115},[44,19400,3979],{"class":3978},[44,19402,129],{"class":115},[44,19404,1332],{"class":58},[44,19406,11885],{"class":62},[44,19408,1338],{"class":58},[44,19410,790],{"class":115},[44,19412,3979],{"class":3978},[44,19414,9447],{"class":115},[20,19416,19417,19418,116],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19419,3904],{},[30,19421,19423],{"id":19422},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19425,19426,19427,19429],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19428,17356],{}," works.",[35,19431,19433],{"className":37,"code":19432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19434,19435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19436,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457,19459,19461,19463,19465,19467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19438,142],{"class":141},[44,19440,123],{"class":115},[44,19442,8961],{"class":1296},[44,19444,116],{"class":115},[44,19446,17421],{"class":119},[44,19448,3108],{"class":115},[44,19450,112],{"class":58},[44,19452,200],{"class":62},[44,19454,112],{"class":58},[44,19456,129],{"class":115},[44,19458,59],{"class":58},[44,19460,4891],{"class":62},[44,19462,112],{"class":58},[44,19464,18199],{"class":115},[44,19466,3959],{"class":77},[44,19468,567],{"class":115},[35,19470,19471],{"className":37,"code":19337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19472,19473,19503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19474,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19476,18872],{"class":50},[44,19478,55],{"class":54},[44,19480,9311],{"class":1296},[44,19482,116],{"class":115},[44,19484,17421],{"class":119},[44,19486,3108],{"class":115},[44,19488,112],{"class":58},[44,19490,2294],{"class":62},[44,19492,112],{"class":58},[44,19494,129],{"class":115},[44,19496,59],{"class":58},[44,19498,11885],{"class":62},[44,19500,112],{"class":58},[44,19502,4015],{"class":115},[44,19504,19505,19507,19509,19511],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19506,142],{"class":141},[44,19508,123],{"class":115},[44,19510,18905],{"class":119},[44,19512,135],{"class":115},[35,19514,19515],{"className":37,"code":18865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19516,19517,19549,19571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19518,19519,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19520,18872],{"class":50},[44,19522,55],{"class":54},[44,19524,9311],{"class":1296},[44,19526,116],{"class":115},[44,19528,17421],{"class":119},[44,19530,3108],{"class":115},[44,19532,112],{"class":58},[44,19534,200],{"class":62},[44,19536,112],{"class":58},[44,19538,129],{"class":115},[44,19540,59],{"class":58},[44,19542,4891],{"class":62},[44,19544,112],{"class":58},[44,19546,18199],{"class":115},[44,19548,18133],{"class":115},[44,19550,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565,19567,19569],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19552,18905],{"class":50},[44,19554,4027],{"class":115},[44,19556,112],{"class":58},[44,19558,200],{"class":62},[44,19560,112],{"class":58},[44,19562,13688],{"class":115},[44,19564,13691],{"class":119},[44,19566,123],{"class":115},[44,19568,3111],{"class":77},[44,19570,135],{"class":115},[44,19572,19573,19575,19577,19579],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,19574,142],{"class":141},[44,19576,123],{"class":115},[44,19578,18905],{"class":119},[44,19580,135],{"class":115},[35,19582,19584],{"className":37,"code":19583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19585,19586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19587,19588,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19589,142],{"class":141},[44,19591,123],{"class":115},[44,19593,1297],{"class":1296},[44,19595,123],{"class":115},[44,19597,8961],{"class":1296},[44,19599,116],{"class":115},[44,19601,17421],{"class":119},[44,19603,3108],{"class":115},[44,19605,3111],{"class":77},[44,19607,129],{"class":115},[44,19609,3116],{"class":77},[44,19611,129],{"class":115},[44,19613,2573],{"class":77},[44,19615,18199],{"class":115},[44,19617,59],{"class":58},[44,19619,379],{"class":62},[44,19621,112],{"class":58},[44,19623,3034],{"class":115},[30,19625,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,19627,12844,19629,19631],{"id":19628},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19630,17356],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19633,19634],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1474,19636,19638],{"id":19637},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19640,19641,19642,116],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19643,3904],{},[1474,19645,19647],{"id":19646},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19649,19650],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1474,19652,19654],{"id":19653},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19656,18289],{},[35,19658,19660],{"className":37,"code":19659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19661,19662,19694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19663,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686,19688,19690,19692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19665,17380],{"class":50},[44,19667,55],{"class":54},[44,19669,3744],{"class":115},[44,19671,112],{"class":58},[44,19673,200],{"class":62},[44,19675,112],{"class":58},[44,19677,129],{"class":115},[44,19679,59],{"class":58},[44,19681,4891],{"class":62},[44,19683,112],{"class":58},[44,19685,129],{"class":115},[44,19687,59],{"class":58},[44,19689,9878],{"class":62},[44,19691,112],{"class":58},[44,19693,3757],{"class":115},[44,19695,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19697,9306],{"class":50},[44,19699,55],{"class":54},[44,19701,10629],{"class":115},[44,19703,14979],{"class":50},[44,19705,790],{"class":115},[44,19707,18341],{"class":115},[44,19709,4004],{"class":4003},[44,19711,18346],{"class":50},[44,19713,887],{"class":4003},[44,19715,18351],{"class":50},[44,19717,9447],{"class":115},[30,19719,2019],{"id":2018},[218,19721,19722,19726,19730,19734,19740],{},[221,19723,19724],{},[200,19725,11383],{"href":13163},[221,19727,19728],{},[200,19729,9296],{"href":13160},[221,19731,19732],{},[200,19733,11392],{"href":18040},[221,19735,19736],{},[200,19737,10876,19738,10880],{"href":14170},[15,19739,15091],{},[221,19741,19742],{},[200,19743,10876,19744,10880],{"href":15136},[15,19745,12916],{},[20,19747,189,19748,19750],{},[15,19749,17361],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2048,19752,19753],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":19755},[19756,19757,19759,19763,19764,19766,19771,19773,19780,19789,19790,19797],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":17461,"depth":69,"text":19758},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17505,"depth":69,"text":17506,"children":19760},[19761,19762],{"id":17532,"depth":81,"text":17533},{"id":1218,"depth":81,"text":1219},{"id":5921,"depth":69,"text":5922},{"id":17715,"depth":69,"text":19765},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18044,"depth":69,"text":18045,"children":19767},[19768,19769,19770],{"id":18074,"depth":81,"text":18075},{"id":18237,"depth":81,"text":18238},{"id":18285,"depth":81,"text":18286},{"id":18449,"depth":69,"text":19772},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18607,"depth":69,"text":19774,"children":19775},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19776,19778,19779],{"id":18618,"depth":81,"text":19777},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18683,"depth":81,"text":18684},{"id":18757,"depth":81,"text":18758},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":19781},[19782,19783,19785,19787],{"id":18861,"depth":81,"text":18862},{"id":19044,"depth":81,"text":19784},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19178,"depth":81,"text":19786},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19331,"depth":81,"text":19788},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19422,"depth":69,"text":19423},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":19791},[19792,19794,19795,19796],{"id":19628,"depth":81,"text":19793},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19637,"depth":81,"text":19638},{"id":19646,"depth":81,"text":19647},{"id":19653,"depth":81,"text":19654},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17348,"description":19798},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19805,"title":19806,"body":19807,"description":21636,"extension":2084,"meta":21637,"navigation":84,"path":21638,"seo":21639,"stem":21640,"__hash__":21641},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19808,"toc":21603},[19809,19814,19820,19831,19961,19968,19973,19977,19993,19995,20092,20095,20112,20116,20118,20123,20161,20164,20182,20184,20302,20307,20311,20327,20330,20466,20469,20474,20480,20483,20520,20523,20527,20532,20608,20612,20617,20699,20701,20717,20722,20726,20732,20801,20804,20821,20824,20906,20912,20915,20935,20939,20944,20950,20956,21027,21030,21036,21039,21113,21120,21126,21134,21144,21146,21241,21247,21252,21339,21345,21347,21352,21374,21377,21472,21475,21506,21519,21521,21529,21535,21541,21544,21550,21555,21562,21567,21569,21600],[10,19810,11459,19812,18],{"id":19811},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19813,10879],{},[20,19815,19816,19817,19819],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19818,10879],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19821,19822,19823,2310,19826,2518,19828,19830],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19824,19825],{},"KeyError",[15,19827,10879],{},[15,19829,3904],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,19832,19834],{"className":37,"code":19833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19835,19836,19872,19876,19902,19927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19837,19838,19840,19842,19844,19846,19848,19850,19852,19854,19856,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19839,13342],{"class":50},[44,19841,55],{"class":54},[44,19843,10629],{"class":115},[44,19845,112],{"class":58},[44,19847,126],{"class":62},[44,19849,112],{"class":58},[44,19851,790],{"class":115},[44,19853,59],{"class":58},[44,19855,833],{"class":62},[44,19857,112],{"class":58},[44,19859,129],{"class":115},[44,19861,59],{"class":58},[44,19863,9437],{"class":62},[44,19865,112],{"class":58},[44,19867,790],{"class":115},[44,19869,9444],{"class":77},[44,19871,9447],{"class":115},[44,19873,19874],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,19875,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,19877,19878,19880,19882,19884,19886,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,19879,142],{"class":141},[44,19881,123],{"class":115},[44,19883,17445],{"class":119},[44,19885,116],{"class":115},[44,19887,19888],{"class":119},"get",[44,19890,123],{"class":115},[44,19892,112],{"class":58},[44,19894,126],{"class":62},[44,19896,112],{"class":58},[44,19898,5495],{"class":115},[44,19900,19901],{"class":3787},"           # Ana\n",[44,19903,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,19905,142],{"class":141},[44,19907,123],{"class":115},[44,19909,17445],{"class":119},[44,19911,116],{"class":115},[44,19913,19888],{"class":119},[44,19915,123],{"class":115},[44,19917,112],{"class":58},[44,19919,10547],{"class":62},[44,19921,112],{"class":58},[44,19923,5495],{"class":115},[44,19925,19926],{"class":3787},"           # None\n",[44,19928,19929,19931,19933,19935,19937,19939,19941,19943,19945,19947,19949,19951,19954,19956,19958],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,19930,142],{"class":141},[44,19932,123],{"class":115},[44,19934,17445],{"class":119},[44,19936,116],{"class":115},[44,19938,19888],{"class":119},[44,19940,123],{"class":115},[44,19942,112],{"class":58},[44,19944,10547],{"class":62},[44,19946,112],{"class":58},[44,19948,129],{"class":115},[44,19950,59],{"class":58},[44,19952,19953],{"class":62},"N\u002FA",[44,19955,112],{"class":58},[44,19957,5495],{"class":115},[44,19959,19960],{"class":3787},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19962,189,19963,19965,19966,116],{},[15,19964,10879],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19967,19825],{},[30,19969,3802,19971,3805],{"id":19970},"what-get-does",[15,19972,10879],{},[20,19974,213,19975,216],{},[15,19976,10879],{},[218,19978,19979,19982,19987,19990],{},[221,19980,19981],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[221,19983,11563,19984,19986],{},[15,19985,3904],{}," if the key does not exist",[221,19988,19989],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[221,19991,19992],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19994,238],{},[35,19996,19998],{"className":37,"code":19997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19999,20000,20038,20042,20067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20001,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20029,20031,20033,20036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20003,13003],{"class":50},[44,20005,55],{"class":54},[44,20007,10629],{"class":115},[44,20009,112],{"class":58},[44,20011,126],{"class":62},[44,20013,112],{"class":58},[44,20015,790],{"class":115},[44,20017,59],{"class":58},[44,20019,647],{"class":62},[44,20021,112],{"class":58},[44,20023,129],{"class":115},[44,20025,59],{"class":58},[44,20027,20028],{"class":62},"grade",[44,20030,112],{"class":58},[44,20032,790],{"class":115},[44,20034,20035],{"class":77}," 90",[44,20037,9447],{"class":115},[44,20039,20040],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20041,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,20043,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,20045,142],{"class":141},[44,20047,123],{"class":115},[44,20049,945],{"class":119},[44,20051,116],{"class":115},[44,20053,19888],{"class":119},[44,20055,123],{"class":115},[44,20057,112],{"class":58},[44,20059,126],{"class":62},[44,20061,112],{"class":58},[44,20063,5495],{"class":115},[44,20065,20066],{"class":3787},"     # Lina\n",[44,20068,20069,20071,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,20070,142],{"class":141},[44,20072,123],{"class":115},[44,20074,945],{"class":119},[44,20076,116],{"class":115},[44,20078,19888],{"class":119},[44,20080,123],{"class":115},[44,20082,112],{"class":58},[44,20084,15396],{"class":62},[44,20086,112],{"class":58},[44,20088,5495],{"class":115},[44,20090,20091],{"class":3787},"    # None\n",[20,20093,20094],{},"In this example:",[218,20096,20097,20102],{},[221,20098,20099,20101],{},[15,20100,15377],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[221,20103,20104,20107,20108,2518,20110],{},[15,20105,20106],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20109,10879],{},[15,20111,3904],{},[20,20113,13157,20114,116],{},[200,20115,9296],{"href":9295},[30,20117,351],{"id":350},[20,20119,20120,20121,790],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20122,10879],{},[35,20124,20126],{"className":37,"code":20125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20127,20128,20142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20129,20130,20132,20134,20136,20138,20140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20131,15742],{"class":50},[44,20133,116],{"class":115},[44,20135,19888],{"class":119},[44,20137,123],{"class":115},[44,20139,14979],{"class":119},[44,20141,135],{"class":115},[44,20143,20144,20146,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20159],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20145,15742],{"class":50},[44,20147,116],{"class":115},[44,20149,19888],{"class":119},[44,20151,123],{"class":115},[44,20153,14979],{"class":119},[44,20155,129],{"class":115},[44,20157,20158],{"class":119}," default_value",[44,20160,135],{"class":115},[20,20162,20163],{},"What each part means:",[218,20165,20166,20171,20177],{},[221,20167,20168,20170],{},[15,20169,14979],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[221,20172,20173,20176],{},[15,20174,20175],{},"default_value"," is optional",[221,20178,20179,20180],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20181,3904],{},[20,20183,238],{},[35,20185,20187],{"className":37,"code":20186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20188,20189,20213,20217,20242,20268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20190,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20192,13963],{"class":50},[44,20194,55],{"class":54},[44,20196,10629],{"class":115},[44,20198,112],{"class":58},[44,20200,12634],{"class":62},[44,20202,112],{"class":58},[44,20204,790],{"class":115},[44,20206,59],{"class":58},[44,20208,12643],{"class":62},[44,20210,112],{"class":58},[44,20212,9447],{"class":115},[44,20214,20215],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20216,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,20218,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,20220,142],{"class":141},[44,20222,123],{"class":115},[44,20224,14022],{"class":119},[44,20226,116],{"class":115},[44,20228,19888],{"class":119},[44,20230,123],{"class":115},[44,20232,112],{"class":58},[44,20234,12634],{"class":62},[44,20236,112],{"class":58},[44,20238,5495],{"class":115},[44,20240,20241],{"class":3787},"            # dark\n",[44,20243,20244,20246,20248,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20261,20263,20265],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,20245,142],{"class":141},[44,20247,123],{"class":115},[44,20249,14022],{"class":119},[44,20251,116],{"class":115},[44,20253,19888],{"class":119},[44,20255,123],{"class":115},[44,20257,112],{"class":58},[44,20259,20260],{"class":62},"language",[44,20262,112],{"class":58},[44,20264,5495],{"class":115},[44,20266,20267],{"class":3787},"         # None\n",[44,20269,20270,20272,20274,20276,20278,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20295,20297,20299],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,20271,142],{"class":141},[44,20273,123],{"class":115},[44,20275,14022],{"class":119},[44,20277,116],{"class":115},[44,20279,19888],{"class":119},[44,20281,123],{"class":115},[44,20283,112],{"class":58},[44,20285,20260],{"class":62},[44,20287,112],{"class":58},[44,20289,129],{"class":115},[44,20291,59],{"class":58},[44,20293,20294],{"class":62},"en",[44,20296,112],{"class":58},[44,20298,5495],{"class":115},[44,20300,20301],{"class":3787},"   # en\n",[30,20303,5092,20305],{"id":20304},"when-to-use-get",[15,20306,10879],{},[20,20308,189,20309,10740],{},[15,20310,10879],{},[218,20312,20313,20316,20321,20324],{},[221,20314,20315],{},"A key might not exist",[221,20317,20318,20319],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20320,19825],{},[221,20322,20323],{},"You are reading optional data",[221,20325,20326],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20328,20329],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,20331,20333],{"className":37,"code":20332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20334,20335,20377,20381,20406,20432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20336,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364,20366,20368,20370,20373,20375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20338,11628],{"class":50},[44,20340,55],{"class":54},[44,20342,10629],{"class":115},[44,20344,112],{"class":58},[44,20346,1632],{"class":62},[44,20348,112],{"class":58},[44,20350,790],{"class":115},[44,20352,59],{"class":58},[44,20354,20355],{"class":62},"sam",[44,20357,112],{"class":58},[44,20359,129],{"class":115},[44,20361,59],{"class":58},[44,20363,15396],{"class":62},[44,20365,112],{"class":58},[44,20367,790],{"class":115},[44,20369,59],{"class":58},[44,20371,20372],{"class":62},"sam@example.com",[44,20374,112],{"class":58},[44,20376,9447],{"class":115},[44,20378,20379],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20380,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,20382,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,20384,142],{"class":141},[44,20386,123],{"class":115},[44,20388,11721],{"class":119},[44,20390,116],{"class":115},[44,20392,19888],{"class":119},[44,20394,123],{"class":115},[44,20396,112],{"class":58},[44,20398,1632],{"class":62},[44,20400,112],{"class":58},[44,20402,5495],{"class":115},[44,20404,20405],{"class":3787},"              # sam\n",[44,20407,20408,20410,20412,20414,20416,20418,20420,20422,20425,20427,20429],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,20409,142],{"class":141},[44,20411,123],{"class":115},[44,20413,11721],{"class":119},[44,20415,116],{"class":115},[44,20417,19888],{"class":119},[44,20419,123],{"class":115},[44,20421,112],{"class":58},[44,20423,20424],{"class":62},"phone",[44,20426,112],{"class":58},[44,20428,5495],{"class":115},[44,20430,20431],{"class":3787},"                 # None\n",[44,20433,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20459,20461,20463],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,20435,142],{"class":141},[44,20437,123],{"class":115},[44,20439,11721],{"class":119},[44,20441,116],{"class":115},[44,20443,19888],{"class":119},[44,20445,123],{"class":115},[44,20447,112],{"class":58},[44,20449,20424],{"class":62},[44,20451,112],{"class":58},[44,20453,129],{"class":115},[44,20455,59],{"class":58},[44,20457,20458],{"class":62},"Not provided",[44,20460,112],{"class":58},[44,20462,5495],{"class":115},[44,20464,20465],{"class":3787}," # Not provided\n",[20,20467,20468],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20470,20471,20472,116],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[200,20473,16735],{"href":16734},[30,20475,20477,20479],{"id":20476},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20478,10879],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20481,20482],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,20484,20486],{"className":37,"code":20485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20487,20488,20502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20489,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20491,9343],{"class":50},[44,20493,4027],{"class":115},[44,20495,112],{"class":58},[44,20497,14979],{"class":62},[44,20499,112],{"class":58},[44,20501,3757],{"class":115},[44,20503,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516,20518],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20505,9343],{"class":50},[44,20507,116],{"class":115},[44,20509,19888],{"class":119},[44,20511,123],{"class":115},[44,20513,112],{"class":58},[44,20515,14979],{"class":62},[44,20517,112],{"class":58},[44,20519,135],{"class":115},[20,20521,20522],{},"The difference is important.",[1474,20524,20526],{"id":20525},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20528,20529,20530,116],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20531,19825],{},[35,20533,20535],{"className":37,"code":20534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20536,20537,20561,20565,20587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20538,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20540,9306],{"class":50},[44,20542,55],{"class":54},[44,20544,10629],{"class":115},[44,20546,112],{"class":58},[44,20548,126],{"class":62},[44,20550,112],{"class":58},[44,20552,790],{"class":115},[44,20554,59],{"class":58},[44,20556,833],{"class":62},[44,20558,112],{"class":58},[44,20560,9447],{"class":115},[44,20562,20563],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20564,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,20566,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20584],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,20568,142],{"class":141},[44,20570,123],{"class":115},[44,20572,9343],{"class":119},[44,20574,4027],{"class":115},[44,20576,112],{"class":58},[44,20578,126],{"class":62},[44,20580,112],{"class":58},[44,20582,20583],{"class":115},"])",[44,20585,20586],{"class":3787},"   # Ana\n",[44,20588,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603,20605],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,20590,142],{"class":141},[44,20592,123],{"class":115},[44,20594,9343],{"class":119},[44,20596,4027],{"class":115},[44,20598,112],{"class":58},[44,20600,10547],{"class":62},[44,20602,112],{"class":58},[44,20604,20583],{"class":115},[44,20606,20607],{"class":3787},"   # KeyError\n",[1474,20609,20610],{"id":19888},[15,20611,10879],{},[20,20613,20614,20616],{},[15,20615,10879],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,20618,20620],{"className":37,"code":20619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20621,20622,20646,20650,20674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20623,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20625,9306],{"class":50},[44,20627,55],{"class":54},[44,20629,10629],{"class":115},[44,20631,112],{"class":58},[44,20633,126],{"class":62},[44,20635,112],{"class":58},[44,20637,790],{"class":115},[44,20639,59],{"class":58},[44,20641,833],{"class":62},[44,20643,112],{"class":58},[44,20645,9447],{"class":115},[44,20647,20648],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20649,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,20651,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662,20664,20666,20668,20670,20672],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,20653,142],{"class":141},[44,20655,123],{"class":115},[44,20657,9343],{"class":119},[44,20659,116],{"class":115},[44,20661,19888],{"class":119},[44,20663,123],{"class":115},[44,20665,112],{"class":58},[44,20667,126],{"class":62},[44,20669,112],{"class":58},[44,20671,5495],{"class":115},[44,20673,20586],{"class":3787},[44,20675,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688,20690,20692,20694,20696],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,20677,142],{"class":141},[44,20679,123],{"class":115},[44,20681,9343],{"class":119},[44,20683,116],{"class":115},[44,20685,19888],{"class":119},[44,20687,123],{"class":115},[44,20689,112],{"class":58},[44,20691,10547],{"class":62},[44,20693,112],{"class":58},[44,20695,5495],{"class":115},[44,20697,20698],{"class":3787},"   # None\n",[20,20700,18832],{},[218,20702,20703,20709],{},[221,20704,20705,20706],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[153,20707,20708],{},"must exist",[221,20710,20711,20713,20714],{},[15,20712,10879],{}," when the key is ",[153,20715,20716],{},"optional",[20,20718,20719,20720,116],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[200,20721,11403],{"href":11214},[30,20723,20725],{"id":20724},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20727,20728,20729,20731],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20730,10879],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,20733,20735],{"className":37,"code":20734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20736,20737,20762,20766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20738,20739,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20740,20741],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,20743,55],{"class":54},[44,20745,10629],{"class":115},[44,20747,112],{"class":58},[44,20749,126],{"class":62},[44,20751,112],{"class":58},[44,20753,790],{"class":115},[44,20755,59],{"class":58},[44,20757,8059],{"class":62},[44,20759,112],{"class":58},[44,20761,9447],{"class":115},[44,20763,20764],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20765,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,20767,20768,20770,20772,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20794,20796,20798],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,20769,142],{"class":141},[44,20771,123],{"class":115},[44,20773,20774],{"class":119},"profile",[44,20776,116],{"class":115},[44,20778,19888],{"class":119},[44,20780,123],{"class":115},[44,20782,112],{"class":58},[44,20784,15399],{"class":62},[44,20786,112],{"class":58},[44,20788,129],{"class":115},[44,20790,59],{"class":58},[44,20792,20793],{"class":62},"Unknown",[44,20795,112],{"class":58},[44,20797,5495],{"class":115},[44,20799,20800],{"class":3787},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20802,20803],{},"This is useful for display text:",[218,20805,20806,20811,20816],{},[221,20807,20808],{},[15,20809,20810],{},"\"Unknown\"",[221,20812,20813],{},[15,20814,20815],{},"\"Not set\"",[221,20817,20818],{},[15,20819,20820],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20822,20823],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,20825,20827],{"className":37,"code":20826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20828,20829,20861,20865,20892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20830,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847,20849,20851,20853,20855,20857,20859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20832,5195],{"class":50},[44,20834,55],{"class":54},[44,20836,10629],{"class":115},[44,20838,112],{"class":58},[44,20840,18554],{"class":62},[44,20842,112],{"class":58},[44,20844,790],{"class":115},[44,20846,6140],{"class":77},[44,20848,129],{"class":115},[44,20850,59],{"class":58},[44,20852,18563],{"class":62},[44,20854,112],{"class":58},[44,20856,790],{"class":115},[44,20858,6496],{"class":77},[44,20860,9447],{"class":115},[44,20862,20863],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20864,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,20866,20867,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878,20880,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,20868,20869],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,20871,55],{"class":54},[44,20873,5242],{"class":50},[44,20875,116],{"class":115},[44,20877,19888],{"class":119},[44,20879,123],{"class":115},[44,20881,112],{"class":58},[44,20883,18572],{"class":62},[44,20885,112],{"class":58},[44,20887,129],{"class":115},[44,20889,3959],{"class":77},[44,20891,135],{"class":115},[44,20893,20894,20896,20898,20901,20903],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,20895,142],{"class":141},[44,20897,123],{"class":115},[44,20899,20900],{"class":119},"total_history",[44,20902,3784],{"class":115},[44,20904,20905],{"class":3787},"   # 0\n",[20,20907,20908,20909,20911],{},"Here, ",[15,20910,2240],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20913,20914],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[218,20916,20917,20920,20925,20930],{},[221,20918,20919],{},"Use a string for text",[221,20921,189,20922,20924],{},[15,20923,2240],{}," for numbers",[221,20926,189,20927,20929],{},[15,20928,3913],{}," for lists if needed",[221,20931,189,20932,20934],{},[15,20933,101],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[30,20936,20938],{"id":20937},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20940,20941,20942,116],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20943,10879],{},[1474,20945,20947,20949],{"id":20946},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20948,10879],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20951,20952,20953,20955],{},"This code does ",[153,20954,4761],{}," create a new key:",[35,20957,20959],{"className":37,"code":20958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20960,20961,20985,20989,21014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20962,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20964,13342],{"class":50},[44,20966,55],{"class":54},[44,20968,10629],{"class":115},[44,20970,112],{"class":58},[44,20972,126],{"class":62},[44,20974,112],{"class":58},[44,20976,790],{"class":115},[44,20978,59],{"class":58},[44,20980,833],{"class":62},[44,20982,112],{"class":58},[44,20984,9447],{"class":115},[44,20986,20987],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,20988,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,20990,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,20992,142],{"class":141},[44,20994,123],{"class":115},[44,20996,17445],{"class":119},[44,20998,116],{"class":115},[44,21000,19888],{"class":119},[44,21002,123],{"class":115},[44,21004,112],{"class":58},[44,21006,10547],{"class":62},[44,21008,112],{"class":58},[44,21010,5495],{"class":115},[44,21012,21013],{"class":3787},"  # None\n",[44,21015,21016,21018,21020,21022,21024],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,21017,142],{"class":141},[44,21019,123],{"class":115},[44,21021,17445],{"class":119},[44,21023,3784],{"class":115},[44,21025,21026],{"class":3787},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,21028,21029],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1474,21031,21033,21035],{"id":21032},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,21034,10879],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,21037,21038],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,21040,21042],{"className":37,"code":21041,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21043,21044,21070,21074,21100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21045,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054,21057,21059,21061,21063,21066,21068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21047,13963],{"class":50},[44,21049,55],{"class":54},[44,21051,10629],{"class":115},[44,21053,112],{"class":58},[44,21055,21056],{"class":62},"mode",[44,21058,112],{"class":58},[44,21060,790],{"class":115},[44,21062,59],{"class":58},[44,21064,21065],{"class":62},"light",[44,21067,112],{"class":58},[44,21069,9447],{"class":115},[44,21071,21072],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21073,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,21075,21076,21078,21080,21082,21084,21086,21088,21090,21092,21094,21096,21098],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,21077,14022],{"class":50},[44,21079,116],{"class":115},[44,21081,19888],{"class":119},[44,21083,123],{"class":115},[44,21085,112],{"class":58},[44,21087,12634],{"class":62},[44,21089,112],{"class":58},[44,21091,129],{"class":115},[44,21093,59],{"class":58},[44,21095,12643],{"class":62},[44,21097,112],{"class":58},[44,21099,135],{"class":115},[44,21101,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,21103,142],{"class":141},[44,21105,123],{"class":115},[44,21107,14022],{"class":119},[44,21109,3784],{"class":115},[44,21111,21112],{"class":3787},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21114,21115,21116,21119],{},"Even though ",[15,21117,21118],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1474,21121,21123,21124],{"id":21122},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21125,3904],{},[20,21127,21128,21129,2518,21131,21133],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21130,10879],{},[15,21132,3904],{}," because:",[218,21135,21136,21139],{},[221,21137,21138],{},"The key is missing, or",[221,21140,21141,21142],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21143,3904],{},[20,21145,238],{},[35,21147,21149],{"className":37,"code":21148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21150,21151,21188,21192,21216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21152,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21180,21182,21184,21186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21154,9306],{"class":50},[44,21156,55],{"class":54},[44,21158,10629],{"class":115},[44,21160,112],{"class":58},[44,21162,126],{"class":62},[44,21164,112],{"class":58},[44,21166,790],{"class":115},[44,21168,59],{"class":58},[44,21170,833],{"class":62},[44,21172,112],{"class":58},[44,21174,129],{"class":115},[44,21176,59],{"class":58},[44,21178,21179],{"class":62},"nickname",[44,21181,112],{"class":58},[44,21183,790],{"class":115},[44,21185,3979],{"class":3978},[44,21187,9447],{"class":115},[44,21189,21190],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21191,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,21193,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208,21210,21212,21214],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,21195,142],{"class":141},[44,21197,123],{"class":115},[44,21199,9343],{"class":119},[44,21201,116],{"class":115},[44,21203,19888],{"class":119},[44,21205,123],{"class":115},[44,21207,112],{"class":58},[44,21209,21179],{"class":62},[44,21211,112],{"class":58},[44,21213,5495],{"class":115},[44,21215,21013],{"class":3787},[44,21217,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,21219,142],{"class":141},[44,21221,123],{"class":115},[44,21223,9343],{"class":119},[44,21225,116],{"class":115},[44,21227,19888],{"class":119},[44,21229,123],{"class":115},[44,21231,112],{"class":58},[44,21233,10547],{"class":62},[44,21235,112],{"class":58},[44,21237,5495],{"class":115},[44,21239,21240],{"class":3787},"      # None\n",[20,21242,21243,21244,21246],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21245,3904],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21248,21249,21250,790],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21251,887],{},[35,21253,21255],{"className":37,"code":21254,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21256,21257,21293,21297,21318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21258,21259,21261,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21260,9306],{"class":50},[44,21262,55],{"class":54},[44,21264,10629],{"class":115},[44,21266,112],{"class":58},[44,21268,126],{"class":62},[44,21270,112],{"class":58},[44,21272,790],{"class":115},[44,21274,59],{"class":58},[44,21276,833],{"class":62},[44,21278,112],{"class":58},[44,21280,129],{"class":115},[44,21282,59],{"class":58},[44,21284,21179],{"class":62},[44,21286,112],{"class":58},[44,21288,790],{"class":115},[44,21290,3979],{"class":3978},[44,21292,9447],{"class":115},[44,21294,21295],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21296,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,21298,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21312,21314,21316],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,21300,142],{"class":141},[44,21302,123],{"class":115},[44,21304,112],{"class":58},[44,21306,21179],{"class":62},[44,21308,112],{"class":58},[44,21310,21311],{"class":4003}," in",[44,21313,14704],{"class":119},[44,21315,3784],{"class":115},[44,21317,3788],{"class":3787},[44,21319,21320,21322,21324,21326,21328,21330,21332,21334,21336],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,21321,142],{"class":141},[44,21323,123],{"class":115},[44,21325,112],{"class":58},[44,21327,10547],{"class":62},[44,21329,112],{"class":58},[44,21331,21311],{"class":4003},[44,21333,14704],{"class":119},[44,21335,3784],{"class":115},[44,21337,21338],{"class":3787},"      # False\n",[20,21340,21341,21342,116],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[200,21343,21344],{"href":17291},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,21346,1467],{"id":1466},[20,21348,21349,21350,790],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21351,10879],{},[218,21353,21354,21359,21366,21371],{},[221,21355,21356,21357],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21358,19825],{},[221,21360,1838,21361,2518,21363,21365],{},[15,21362,10879],{},[15,21364,3904],{}," if no default is provided",[221,21367,4709,21368,21370],{},[15,21369,10879],{}," creates a key automatically",[221,21372,21373],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21375,21376],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,21378,21380],{"className":37,"code":21379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21381,21382,21392,21406,21424,21446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21383,21384,21386,21388,21390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21385,142],{"class":141},[44,21387,123],{"class":115},[44,21389,11589],{"class":119},[44,21391,135],{"class":115},[44,21393,21394,21396,21398,21400,21402,21404],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21395,142],{"class":141},[44,21397,123],{"class":115},[44,21399,11589],{"class":119},[44,21401,116],{"class":115},[44,21403,17061],{"class":119},[44,21405,7332],{"class":115},[44,21407,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416,21418,21420,21422],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,21409,142],{"class":141},[44,21411,123],{"class":115},[44,21413,1338],{"class":58},[44,21415,126],{"class":62},[44,21417,1338],{"class":58},[44,21419,21311],{"class":4003},[44,21421,11906],{"class":119},[44,21423,135],{"class":115},[44,21425,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,21427,142],{"class":141},[44,21429,123],{"class":115},[44,21431,11589],{"class":119},[44,21433,116],{"class":115},[44,21435,19888],{"class":119},[44,21437,123],{"class":115},[44,21439,1338],{"class":58},[44,21441,126],{"class":62},[44,21443,1338],{"class":58},[44,21445,567],{"class":115},[44,21447,21448,21450,21452,21454,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466,21468,21470],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,21449,142],{"class":141},[44,21451,123],{"class":115},[44,21453,1297],{"class":1296},[44,21455,123],{"class":115},[44,21457,11589],{"class":119},[44,21459,116],{"class":115},[44,21461,19888],{"class":119},[44,21463,123],{"class":115},[44,21465,1338],{"class":58},[44,21467,126],{"class":62},[44,21469,1338],{"class":58},[44,21471,3034],{"class":115},[20,21473,21474],{},"What these checks tell you:",[218,21476,21477,21482,21488,21494,21500],{},[221,21478,21479,21481],{},[15,21480,12819],{}," shows the full dictionary",[221,21483,21484,21487],{},[15,21485,21486],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[221,21489,21490,21493],{},[15,21491,21492],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[221,21495,21496,21499],{},[15,21497,21498],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[221,21501,21502,21505],{},[15,21503,21504],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21507,21508,21509,536,21514,21518],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[200,21510,21511,21512,10880],{"href":17200},"the dictionary ",[15,21513,17203],{},[200,21515,21511,21516,10880],{"href":17213},[15,21517,17216],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[30,21520,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,21522,12844,21524,21526,21527,1995],{"id":21523},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21525,10879],{}," raise ",[15,21528,19825],{},[20,21530,21531,21532,21534],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21533,3904],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1474,21536,12844,21538,21540],{"id":21537},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21539,10879],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21542,21543],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1474,21545,21547,21548,1995],{"id":21546},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21549,10879],{},[20,21551,21552,21554],{},[15,21553,3904],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1474,21556,21558,21559,21561],{"id":21557},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21560,10879],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21563,189,21564,21566],{},[15,21565,10879],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[30,21568,2019],{"id":2018},[218,21570,21571,21575,21581,21587,21591,21596],{},[221,21572,21573],{},[200,21574,9296],{"href":9295},[221,21576,21577],{},[200,21578,10876,21579,10880],{"href":17200},[15,21580,17203],{},[221,21582,21583],{},[200,21584,10876,21585,10880],{"href":17213},[15,21586,17216],{},[221,21588,21589],{},[200,21590,17292],{"href":17291},[221,21592,21593],{},[200,21594,21595],{"href":16734},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[221,21597,21598],{},[200,21599,11403],{"href":11214},[2048,21601,21602],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21613,21614],{"id":20525,"depth":81,"text":20526},{"id":19888,"depth":81,"text":10879},{"id":20724,"depth":69,"text":20725},{"id":20937,"depth":69,"text":20938,"children":21617},[21618,21620,21622],{"id":20946,"depth":81,"text":21619},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":21032,"depth":81,"text":21621},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21122,"depth":81,"text":21623},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":21626},[21627,21629,21631,21633],{"id":21523,"depth":81,"text":21628},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21537,"depth":81,"text":21630},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21546,"depth":81,"text":21632},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21557,"depth":81,"text":21634},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19806,"description":21636},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21643,"title":21644,"body":21645,"description":24199,"extension":2084,"meta":24200,"navigation":84,"path":24201,"seo":24202,"stem":24203,"__hash__":24204},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21646,"toc":24165},[21647,21652,21658,21664,21666,21748,21752,21768,21773,21778,21783,21785,21799,21801,21864,21868,21908,21916,21918,21920,21935,21938,21951,21953,22032,22036,22102,22104,22108,22116,22118,22129,22131,22241,22245,22324,22330,22336,22341,22452,22456,22488,22491,22598,22604,22611,22615,22618,22721,22725,22786,22789,22792,22803,22812,22815,22832,22834,22933,22937,23012,23015,23038,23043,23048,23065,23067,23188,23192,23226,23228,23233,23240,23250,23252,23330,23333,23404,23414,23417,23449,23452,23491,23497,23504,23507,23598,23602,23683,23689,23692,23695,23800,23803,23806,23928,23932,23935,24002,24006,24043,24049,24051,24057,24062,24068,24075,24081,24084,24123,24129,24132,24134,24162],[10,21648,11459,21650,18],{"id":21649},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21651,17216],{},[20,21653,213,21654,21657],{},[15,21655,21656],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21659,21660,21661,21663],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21662,17216],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[30,21665,33],{"id":32},[35,21667,21669],{"className":37,"code":21668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21670,21671,21707,21711,21734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21672,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21685,21687,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699,21701,21703,21705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21674,13342],{"class":50},[44,21676,55],{"class":54},[44,21678,10629],{"class":115},[44,21680,112],{"class":58},[44,21682,126],{"class":62},[44,21684,112],{"class":58},[44,21686,790],{"class":115},[44,21688,59],{"class":58},[44,21690,833],{"class":62},[44,21692,112],{"class":58},[44,21694,129],{"class":115},[44,21696,59],{"class":58},[44,21698,9437],{"class":62},[44,21700,112],{"class":58},[44,21702,790],{"class":115},[44,21704,9444],{"class":77},[44,21706,9447],{"class":115},[44,21708,21709],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21710,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,21712,21713,21715,21718,21720,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,21714,6093],{"class":4003},[44,21716,21717],{"class":50}," key",[44,21719,129],{"class":115},[44,21721,21722],{"class":50}," value ",[44,21724,887],{"class":4003},[44,21726,13385],{"class":50},[44,21728,116],{"class":115},[44,21730,7948],{"class":119},[44,21732,21733],{"class":115},"():\n",[44,21735,21736,21738,21740,21742,21744,21746],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,21737,8206],{"class":141},[44,21739,123],{"class":115},[44,21741,14979],{"class":119},[44,21743,129],{"class":115},[44,21745,8572],{"class":119},[44,21747,135],{"class":115},[20,21749,21750],{},[153,21751,155],{},[35,21753,21755],{"className":37,"code":21754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21756,21757,21762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21758,21759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21760,21761],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,21763,21764,21766],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21765,72],{"class":50},[44,21767,2831],{"class":77},[20,21769,189,21770,21772],{},[15,21771,17216],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[30,21774,3802,21776,3805],{"id":21775},"what-items-does",[15,21777,17216],{},[20,21779,21780,21782],{},[15,21781,17216],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21784,11598],{},[218,21786,21787,21793,21796],{},[221,21788,21789,21790],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21791,21792],{},"(key, value)",[221,21794,21795],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[221,21797,21798],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21800,238],{},[35,21802,21804],{"className":37,"code":21803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21805,21806,21842,21846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21807,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21809,13342],{"class":50},[44,21811,55],{"class":54},[44,21813,10629],{"class":115},[44,21815,112],{"class":58},[44,21817,126],{"class":62},[44,21819,112],{"class":58},[44,21821,790],{"class":115},[44,21823,59],{"class":58},[44,21825,833],{"class":62},[44,21827,112],{"class":58},[44,21829,129],{"class":115},[44,21831,59],{"class":58},[44,21833,9437],{"class":62},[44,21835,112],{"class":58},[44,21837,790],{"class":115},[44,21839,9444],{"class":77},[44,21841,9447],{"class":115},[44,21843,21844],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21845,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,21847,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,21849,142],{"class":141},[44,21851,123],{"class":115},[44,21853,8231],{"class":1296},[44,21855,123],{"class":115},[44,21857,17445],{"class":119},[44,21859,116],{"class":115},[44,21861,7948],{"class":119},[44,21863,6426],{"class":115},[20,21865,21866],{},[153,21867,155],{},[35,21869,21871],{"className":37,"code":21870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21872,21873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21874,21875,21878,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900,21902,21904,21906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21876,21877],{"class":115},"[(",[44,21879,1338],{"class":58},[44,21881,126],{"class":62},[44,21883,1338],{"class":58},[44,21885,129],{"class":115},[44,21887,1332],{"class":58},[44,21889,833],{"class":62},[44,21891,1338],{"class":58},[44,21893,9372],{"class":115},[44,21895,9375],{"class":115},[44,21897,1338],{"class":58},[44,21899,9437],{"class":62},[44,21901,1338],{"class":58},[44,21903,129],{"class":115},[44,21905,9444],{"class":77},[44,21907,9388],{"class":115},[20,21909,21910,21911,3000,21913,116],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[200,21912,9296],{"href":13160},[200,21914,15162],{"href":21915},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,21917,351],{"id":350},[20,21919,5568],{},[35,21921,21923],{"className":37,"code":21922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21924,21925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21926,21927,21929,21931,21933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21928,11589],{"class":50},[44,21930,116],{"class":115},[44,21932,7948],{"class":119},[44,21934,8782],{"class":115},[20,21936,21937],{},"Things to remember:",[218,21939,21940,21945,21948],{},[221,21941,21942,21944],{},[15,21943,17216],{}," does not take any arguments",[221,21946,21947],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[221,21949,21950],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21952,238],{},[35,21954,21956],{"className":37,"code":21955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21957,21958,21990,21994,22008,22012,22022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21959,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21961,5195],{"class":50},[44,21963,55],{"class":54},[44,21965,10629],{"class":115},[44,21967,112],{"class":58},[44,21969,5135],{"class":62},[44,21971,112],{"class":58},[44,21973,790],{"class":115},[44,21975,20035],{"class":77},[44,21977,129],{"class":115},[44,21979,59],{"class":58},[44,21981,5144],{"class":62},[44,21983,112],{"class":58},[44,21985,790],{"class":115},[44,21987,13645],{"class":77},[44,21989,9447],{"class":115},[44,21991,21992],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,21993,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,21995,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,21997,2351],{"class":50},[44,21999,55],{"class":54},[44,22001,5242],{"class":50},[44,22003,116],{"class":115},[44,22005,7948],{"class":119},[44,22007,8782],{"class":115},[44,22009,22010],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,22011,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,22013,22014,22016,22018,22020],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,22015,142],{"class":141},[44,22017,123],{"class":115},[44,22019,2386],{"class":119},[44,22021,135],{"class":115},[44,22023,22024,22026,22028,22030],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,22025,142],{"class":141},[44,22027,123],{"class":115},[44,22029,16526],{"class":119},[44,22031,135],{"class":115},[20,22033,22034],{},[153,22035,155],{},[35,22037,22039],{"className":37,"code":22038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,22040,22041,22074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22042,22043,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058,22060,22062,22064,22066,22068,22070,22072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22044,22045],{"class":119},"dict_items",[44,22047,9796],{"class":115},[44,22049,1338],{"class":58},[44,22051,5135],{"class":62},[44,22053,1338],{"class":58},[44,22055,129],{"class":115},[44,22057,20035],{"class":77},[44,22059,9372],{"class":115},[44,22061,9375],{"class":115},[44,22063,1338],{"class":58},[44,22065,5144],{"class":62},[44,22067,1338],{"class":58},[44,22069,129],{"class":115},[44,22071,13645],{"class":77},[44,22073,10818],{"class":115},[44,22075,22076,22078,22080,22082,22084,22086,22088,22090,22092,22094,22096,22098,22100],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22077,1072],{"class":115},[44,22079,1338],{"class":58},[44,22081,5135],{"class":62},[44,22083,1338],{"class":58},[44,22085,790],{"class":115},[44,22087,20035],{"class":77},[44,22089,129],{"class":115},[44,22091,1332],{"class":58},[44,22093,5144],{"class":62},[44,22095,1338],{"class":58},[44,22097,790],{"class":115},[44,22099,13645],{"class":77},[44,22101,9447],{"class":115},[20,22103,21029],{},[30,22105,22107],{"id":22106},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22109,22110,22112,22113,22115],{},[15,22111,17216],{}," returns a ",[15,22114,22045],{}," view object.",[20,22117,2227],{},[218,22119,22120,22123,22126],{},[221,22121,22122],{},"You can loop over it",[221,22124,22125],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[221,22127,22128],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22130,238],{},[35,22132,22134],{"className":37,"code":22133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22135,22136,22168,22182,22186,22200,22204,22223,22227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22137,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22139,9306],{"class":50},[44,22141,55],{"class":54},[44,22143,10629],{"class":115},[44,22145,112],{"class":58},[44,22147,2294],{"class":62},[44,22149,112],{"class":58},[44,22151,790],{"class":115},[44,22153,5632],{"class":77},[44,22155,129],{"class":115},[44,22157,59],{"class":58},[44,22159,11885],{"class":62},[44,22161,112],{"class":58},[44,22163,790],{"class":115},[44,22165,3116],{"class":77},[44,22167,9447],{"class":115},[44,22169,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22171,9354],{"class":50},[44,22173,55],{"class":54},[44,22175,14704],{"class":50},[44,22177,116],{"class":115},[44,22179,7948],{"class":119},[44,22181,8782],{"class":115},[44,22183,22184],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,22185,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,22187,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,22189,142],{"class":141},[44,22191,123],{"class":115},[44,22193,8231],{"class":1296},[44,22195,123],{"class":115},[44,22197,9401],{"class":119},[44,22199,567],{"class":115},[44,22201,22202],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,22203,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,22205,22206,22208,22210,22212,22215,22217,22219,22221],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,22207,9343],{"class":50},[44,22209,4027],{"class":115},[44,22211,112],{"class":58},[44,22213,22214],{"class":62},"z",[44,22216,112],{"class":58},[44,22218,13411],{"class":115},[44,22220,13414],{"class":54},[44,22222,2699],{"class":77},[44,22224,22225],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,22226,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,22228,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,22230,142],{"class":141},[44,22232,123],{"class":115},[44,22234,8231],{"class":1296},[44,22236,123],{"class":115},[44,22238,9401],{"class":119},[44,22240,567],{"class":115},[20,22242,22243],{},[153,22244,155],{},[35,22246,22248],{"className":37,"code":22247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22249,22250,22280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22251,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22253,21877],{"class":115},[44,22255,1338],{"class":58},[44,22257,2294],{"class":62},[44,22259,1338],{"class":58},[44,22261,129],{"class":115},[44,22263,5632],{"class":77},[44,22265,9372],{"class":115},[44,22267,9375],{"class":115},[44,22269,1338],{"class":58},[44,22271,11885],{"class":62},[44,22273,1338],{"class":58},[44,22275,129],{"class":115},[44,22277,3116],{"class":77},[44,22279,9388],{"class":115},[44,22281,22282,22284,22286,22288,22290,22292,22294,22296,22298,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22283,21877],{"class":115},[44,22285,1338],{"class":58},[44,22287,2294],{"class":62},[44,22289,1338],{"class":58},[44,22291,129],{"class":115},[44,22293,5632],{"class":77},[44,22295,9372],{"class":115},[44,22297,9375],{"class":115},[44,22299,1338],{"class":58},[44,22301,11885],{"class":62},[44,22303,1338],{"class":58},[44,22305,129],{"class":115},[44,22307,3116],{"class":77},[44,22309,9372],{"class":115},[44,22311,9375],{"class":115},[44,22313,1338],{"class":58},[44,22315,22214],{"class":62},[44,22317,1338],{"class":58},[44,22319,129],{"class":115},[44,22321,2573],{"class":77},[44,22323,9388],{"class":115},[20,22325,22326,22327,22329],{},"This happens because ",[15,22328,9401],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[30,22331,22333,22334],{"id":22332},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22335,17216],{},[20,22337,22338,22339,790],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22340,17216],{},[35,22342,22344],{"className":37,"code":22343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22345,22346,22399,22403,22423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22347,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356,22358,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374,22376,22378,22380,22383,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22349,13003],{"class":50},[44,22351,55],{"class":54},[44,22353,10629],{"class":115},[44,22355,112],{"class":58},[44,22357,126],{"class":62},[44,22359,112],{"class":58},[44,22361,790],{"class":115},[44,22363,59],{"class":58},[44,22365,8059],{"class":62},[44,22367,112],{"class":58},[44,22369,129],{"class":115},[44,22371,59],{"class":58},[44,22373,20028],{"class":62},[44,22375,112],{"class":58},[44,22377,790],{"class":115},[44,22379,59],{"class":58},[44,22381,22382],{"class":62},"A",[44,22384,112],{"class":58},[44,22386,129],{"class":115},[44,22388,59],{"class":58},[44,22390,9437],{"class":62},[44,22392,112],{"class":58},[44,22394,790],{"class":115},[44,22396,13995],{"class":77},[44,22398,9447],{"class":115},[44,22400,22401],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22402,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,22404,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,22406,6093],{"class":4003},[44,22408,21717],{"class":50},[44,22410,129],{"class":115},[44,22412,21722],{"class":50},[44,22414,887],{"class":4003},[44,22416,13045],{"class":50},[44,22418,116],{"class":115},[44,22420,7948],{"class":119},[44,22422,21733],{"class":115},[44,22424,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437,22439,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,22426,8206],{"class":141},[44,22428,123],{"class":115},[44,22430,1436],{"class":1075},[44,22432,112],{"class":62},[44,22434,1072],{"class":77},[44,22436,14979],{"class":119},[44,22438,1078],{"class":77},[44,22440,22441],{"class":62},": ",[44,22443,1072],{"class":77},[44,22445,379],{"class":119},[44,22447,1078],{"class":77},[44,22449,112],{"class":62},[44,22451,135],{"class":115},[20,22453,22454],{},[153,22455,155],{},[35,22457,22459],{"className":37,"code":22458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22460,22461,22470,22479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22462,22463,22465,22467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22464,126],{"class":50},[44,22466,790],{"class":115},[44,22468,22469],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,22471,22472,22474,22476],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22473,20028],{"class":50},[44,22475,790],{"class":115},[44,22477,22478],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,22480,22481,22483,22485],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,22482,9437],{"class":50},[44,22484,790],{"class":115},[44,22486,22487],{"class":77}," 14\n",[20,22489,22490],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,22492,22494],{"className":37,"code":22493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22495,22496,22548,22552,22564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22497,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22499,13003],{"class":50},[44,22501,55],{"class":54},[44,22503,10629],{"class":115},[44,22505,112],{"class":58},[44,22507,126],{"class":62},[44,22509,112],{"class":58},[44,22511,790],{"class":115},[44,22513,59],{"class":58},[44,22515,8059],{"class":62},[44,22517,112],{"class":58},[44,22519,129],{"class":115},[44,22521,59],{"class":58},[44,22523,20028],{"class":62},[44,22525,112],{"class":58},[44,22527,790],{"class":115},[44,22529,59],{"class":58},[44,22531,22382],{"class":62},[44,22533,112],{"class":58},[44,22535,129],{"class":115},[44,22537,59],{"class":58},[44,22539,9437],{"class":62},[44,22541,112],{"class":58},[44,22543,790],{"class":115},[44,22545,13995],{"class":77},[44,22547,9447],{"class":115},[44,22549,22550],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22551,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,22553,22554,22556,22558,22560,22562],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,22555,6093],{"class":4003},[44,22557,18346],{"class":50},[44,22559,887],{"class":4003},[44,22561,13045],{"class":50},[44,22563,6530],{"class":115},[44,22565,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,22567,8206],{"class":141},[44,22569,123],{"class":115},[44,22571,1436],{"class":1075},[44,22573,112],{"class":62},[44,22575,1072],{"class":77},[44,22577,14979],{"class":119},[44,22579,1078],{"class":77},[44,22581,22441],{"class":62},[44,22583,1072],{"class":77},[44,22585,945],{"class":119},[44,22587,4027],{"class":115},[44,22589,14979],{"class":119},[44,22591,13411],{"class":115},[44,22593,1078],{"class":77},[44,22595,112],{"class":62},[44,22597,135],{"class":115},[20,22599,6648,22600,22603],{},[15,22601,22602],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22605,22606,22607,116],{},"For a full guide, see ",[200,22608,22610],{"href":22609},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,22612,22614],{"id":22613},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22616,22617],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,22619,22621],{"className":37,"code":22620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22622,22623,22682,22686,22706,22710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22624,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633,22635,22637,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22660,22662,22664,22666,22669,22671,22673,22675,22678,22680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22626,13213],{"class":50},[44,22628,55],{"class":54},[44,22630,10629],{"class":115},[44,22632,112],{"class":58},[44,22634,4207],{"class":62},[44,22636,112],{"class":58},[44,22638,790],{"class":115},[44,22640,59],{"class":58},[44,22642,13230],{"class":62},[44,22644,112],{"class":58},[44,22646,129],{"class":115},[44,22648,59],{"class":58},[44,22650,4216],{"class":62},[44,22652,112],{"class":58},[44,22654,790],{"class":115},[44,22656,59],{"class":58},[44,22658,22659],{"class":62},"yellow",[44,22661,112],{"class":58},[44,22663,129],{"class":115},[44,22665,59],{"class":58},[44,22667,22668],{"class":62},"grape",[44,22670,112],{"class":58},[44,22672,790],{"class":115},[44,22674,59],{"class":58},[44,22676,22677],{"class":62},"purple",[44,22679,112],{"class":58},[44,22681,9447],{"class":115},[44,22683,22684],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22685,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,22687,22688,22691,22693,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,22689,22690],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,22692,55],{"class":54},[44,22694,22695],{"class":1296}," list",[44,22697,123],{"class":115},[44,22699,17639],{"class":119},[44,22701,116],{"class":115},[44,22703,7948],{"class":119},[44,22705,7332],{"class":115},[44,22707,22708],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,22709,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,22711,22712,22714,22716,22719],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,22713,142],{"class":141},[44,22715,123],{"class":115},[44,22717,22718],{"class":119},"pairs_list",[44,22720,135],{"class":115},[20,22722,22723],{},[153,22724,155],{},[35,22726,22728],{"className":37,"code":22727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22729,22730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22731,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22733,21877],{"class":115},[44,22735,1338],{"class":58},[44,22737,4207],{"class":62},[44,22739,1338],{"class":58},[44,22741,129],{"class":115},[44,22743,1332],{"class":58},[44,22745,13230],{"class":62},[44,22747,1338],{"class":58},[44,22749,9372],{"class":115},[44,22751,9375],{"class":115},[44,22753,1338],{"class":58},[44,22755,4216],{"class":62},[44,22757,1338],{"class":58},[44,22759,129],{"class":115},[44,22761,1332],{"class":58},[44,22763,22659],{"class":62},[44,22765,1338],{"class":58},[44,22767,9372],{"class":115},[44,22769,9375],{"class":115},[44,22771,1338],{"class":58},[44,22773,22668],{"class":62},[44,22775,1338],{"class":58},[44,22777,129],{"class":115},[44,22779,1332],{"class":58},[44,22781,22677],{"class":62},[44,22783,1338],{"class":58},[44,22785,9388],{"class":115},[20,22787,22788],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22790,22791],{},"Use this when:",[218,22793,22794,22797,22800],{},[221,22795,22796],{},"You want clearer printed output",[221,22798,22799],{},"You need list behavior",[221,22801,22802],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[30,22804,22806,10724,22808,10724,22810],{"id":22805},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22807,17216],{},[15,22809,17203],{},[15,22811,17209],{},[20,22813,22814],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[218,22816,22817,22822,22827],{},[221,22818,22819,22821],{},[15,22820,17216],{}," gives both key and value",[221,22823,22824,22826],{},[15,22825,17203],{}," gives only keys",[221,22828,22829,22831],{},[15,22830,17209],{}," gives only values",[20,22833,238],{},[35,22835,22837],{"className":37,"code":22836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22838,22839,22875,22879,22897,22915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22840,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855,22857,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22842,13342],{"class":50},[44,22844,55],{"class":54},[44,22846,10629],{"class":115},[44,22848,112],{"class":58},[44,22850,126],{"class":62},[44,22852,112],{"class":58},[44,22854,790],{"class":115},[44,22856,59],{"class":58},[44,22858,833],{"class":62},[44,22860,112],{"class":58},[44,22862,129],{"class":115},[44,22864,59],{"class":58},[44,22866,9437],{"class":62},[44,22868,112],{"class":58},[44,22870,790],{"class":115},[44,22872,9444],{"class":77},[44,22874,9447],{"class":115},[44,22876,22877],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22878,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,22880,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,22882,142],{"class":141},[44,22884,123],{"class":115},[44,22886,8231],{"class":1296},[44,22888,123],{"class":115},[44,22890,17445],{"class":119},[44,22892,116],{"class":115},[44,22894,17061],{"class":119},[44,22896,6426],{"class":115},[44,22898,22899,22901,22903,22905,22907,22909,22911,22913],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,22900,142],{"class":141},[44,22902,123],{"class":115},[44,22904,8231],{"class":1296},[44,22906,123],{"class":115},[44,22908,17445],{"class":119},[44,22910,116],{"class":115},[44,22912,5492],{"class":119},[44,22914,6426],{"class":115},[44,22916,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,22918,142],{"class":141},[44,22920,123],{"class":115},[44,22922,8231],{"class":1296},[44,22924,123],{"class":115},[44,22926,17445],{"class":119},[44,22928,116],{"class":115},[44,22930,7948],{"class":119},[44,22932,6426],{"class":115},[20,22934,22935],{},[153,22936,155],{},[35,22938,22940],{"className":37,"code":22939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22941,22942,22962,22978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22943,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22945,4027],{"class":115},[44,22947,1338],{"class":58},[44,22949,126],{"class":62},[44,22951,1338],{"class":58},[44,22953,129],{"class":115},[44,22955,1332],{"class":58},[44,22957,9437],{"class":62},[44,22959,1338],{"class":58},[44,22961,3757],{"class":115},[44,22963,22964,22966,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,22965,4027],{"class":115},[44,22967,1338],{"class":58},[44,22969,833],{"class":62},[44,22971,1338],{"class":58},[44,22973,129],{"class":115},[44,22975,9444],{"class":77},[44,22977,3757],{"class":115},[44,22979,22980,22982,22984,22986,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,22981,21877],{"class":115},[44,22983,1338],{"class":58},[44,22985,126],{"class":62},[44,22987,1338],{"class":58},[44,22989,129],{"class":115},[44,22991,1332],{"class":58},[44,22993,833],{"class":62},[44,22995,1338],{"class":58},[44,22997,9372],{"class":115},[44,22999,9375],{"class":115},[44,23001,1338],{"class":58},[44,23003,9437],{"class":62},[44,23005,1338],{"class":58},[44,23007,129],{"class":115},[44,23009,9444],{"class":77},[44,23011,9388],{"class":115},[20,23013,23014],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[218,23016,23017,23025,23033],{},[221,23018,23019,23020],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[200,23021,23023],{"href":23022},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23024,17203],{},[221,23026,23027,23028],{},"Need just values? Use ",[200,23029,23031],{"href":23030},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,23032,17209],{},[221,23034,23035,23036],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,23037,17216],{},[30,23039,5092,23041],{"id":23040},"when-to-use-items",[15,23042,17216],{},[20,23044,23045,23047],{},[15,23046,17216],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[218,23049,23050,23053,23056,23059,23062],{},[221,23051,23052],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[221,23054,23055],{},"Building formatted output",[221,23057,23058],{},"Looping through settings and values",[221,23060,23061],{},"Showing names with scores",[221,23063,23064],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23066,238],{},[35,23068,23070],{"className":37,"code":23069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23071,23072,23080,23098,23117,23129,23133,23137,23158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23073,23074,23076,23078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23075,13963],{"class":50},[44,23077,55],{"class":54},[44,23079,11633],{"class":115},[44,23081,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23083,11638],{"class":58},[44,23085,12634],{"class":62},[44,23087,112],{"class":58},[44,23089,790],{"class":115},[44,23091,59],{"class":58},[44,23093,12643],{"class":62},[44,23095,112],{"class":58},[44,23097,11653],{"class":115},[44,23099,23100,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23113,23115],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,23101,11638],{"class":58},[44,23103,20260],{"class":62},[44,23105,112],{"class":58},[44,23107,790],{"class":115},[44,23109,59],{"class":58},[44,23111,23112],{"class":62},"English",[44,23114,112],{"class":58},[44,23116,11653],{"class":115},[44,23118,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,23120,11638],{"class":58},[44,23122,18662],{"class":62},[44,23124,112],{"class":58},[44,23126,790],{"class":115},[44,23128,6560],{"class":3978},[44,23130,23131],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,23132,9447],{"class":115},[44,23134,23135],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,23136,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,23138,23139,23141,23144,23146,23148,23150,23152,23154,23156],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,23140,6093],{"class":4003},[44,23142,23143],{"class":50}," setting",[44,23145,129],{"class":115},[44,23147,21722],{"class":50},[44,23149,887],{"class":4003},[44,23151,14007],{"class":50},[44,23153,116],{"class":115},[44,23155,7948],{"class":119},[44,23157,21733],{"class":115},[44,23159,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23173,23175,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,23161,8206],{"class":141},[44,23163,123],{"class":115},[44,23165,1436],{"class":1075},[44,23167,112],{"class":62},[44,23169,1072],{"class":77},[44,23171,23172],{"class":119},"setting",[44,23174,1078],{"class":77},[44,23176,23177],{"class":62}," = ",[44,23179,1072],{"class":77},[44,23181,379],{"class":119},[44,23183,1078],{"class":77},[44,23185,112],{"class":62},[44,23187,135],{"class":115},[20,23189,23190],{},[153,23191,155],{},[35,23193,23195],{"className":37,"code":23194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23196,23197,23207,23217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23198,23199,23202,23204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23200,23201],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,23203,55],{"class":54},[44,23205,23206],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,23208,23209,23212,23214],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23210,23211],{"class":50},"language ",[44,23213,55],{"class":54},[44,23215,23216],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,23218,23219,23222,23224],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,23220,23221],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,23223,55],{"class":54},[44,23225,6560],{"class":3978},[30,23227,1467],{"id":1466},[20,23229,23230,23231,116],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23232,17216],{},[1474,23234,23236,23237,23239],{"id":23235},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23238,17216],{}," incorrectly",[20,23241,23242,23243,23245,23246,23249],{},"Each result from ",[15,23244,17216],{}," has ",[153,23247,23248],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23251,6825],{},[35,23253,23254],{"className":37,"code":21668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,23255,23256,23292,23296,23316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23257,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23259,13342],{"class":50},[44,23261,55],{"class":54},[44,23263,10629],{"class":115},[44,23265,112],{"class":58},[44,23267,126],{"class":62},[44,23269,112],{"class":58},[44,23271,790],{"class":115},[44,23273,59],{"class":58},[44,23275,833],{"class":62},[44,23277,112],{"class":58},[44,23279,129],{"class":115},[44,23281,59],{"class":58},[44,23283,9437],{"class":62},[44,23285,112],{"class":58},[44,23287,790],{"class":115},[44,23289,9444],{"class":77},[44,23291,9447],{"class":115},[44,23293,23294],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23295,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,23297,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,23299,6093],{"class":4003},[44,23301,21717],{"class":50},[44,23303,129],{"class":115},[44,23305,21722],{"class":50},[44,23307,887],{"class":4003},[44,23309,13385],{"class":50},[44,23311,116],{"class":115},[44,23313,7948],{"class":119},[44,23315,21733],{"class":115},[44,23317,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,23319,8206],{"class":141},[44,23321,123],{"class":115},[44,23323,14979],{"class":119},[44,23325,129],{"class":115},[44,23327,8572],{"class":119},[44,23329,135],{"class":115},[20,23331,23332],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,23334,23336],{"className":37,"code":23335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23337,23338,23374,23378,23394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23339,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352,23354,23356,23358,23360,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370,23372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23341,13342],{"class":50},[44,23343,55],{"class":54},[44,23345,10629],{"class":115},[44,23347,112],{"class":58},[44,23349,126],{"class":62},[44,23351,112],{"class":58},[44,23353,790],{"class":115},[44,23355,59],{"class":58},[44,23357,833],{"class":62},[44,23359,112],{"class":58},[44,23361,129],{"class":115},[44,23363,59],{"class":58},[44,23365,9437],{"class":62},[44,23367,112],{"class":58},[44,23369,790],{"class":115},[44,23371,9444],{"class":77},[44,23373,9447],{"class":115},[44,23375,23376],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23377,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,23379,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,23381,6093],{"class":4003},[44,23383,18346],{"class":50},[44,23385,887],{"class":4003},[44,23387,13385],{"class":50},[44,23389,116],{"class":115},[44,23391,7948],{"class":119},[44,23393,21733],{"class":115},[44,23395,23396,23398,23400,23402],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,23397,8206],{"class":141},[44,23399,123],{"class":115},[44,23401,14979],{"class":119},[44,23403,135],{"class":115},[20,23405,23406,23407,23409,23410,23413],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23408,14979],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23411,23412],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23415,23416],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,23418,23420],{"className":37,"code":23419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23421,23422,23438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23423,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23425,6093],{"class":4003},[44,23427,6096],{"class":50},[44,23429,887],{"class":4003},[44,23431,13385],{"class":50},[44,23433,116],{"class":115},[44,23435,7948],{"class":119},[44,23437,21733],{"class":115},[44,23439,23440,23442,23444,23447],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23441,8206],{"class":141},[44,23443,123],{"class":115},[44,23445,23446],{"class":119},"item",[44,23448,135],{"class":115},[20,23450,23451],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,23453,23455],{"className":37,"code":23454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23456,23457,23477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23458,23459,23461,23463,23465,23467,23469,23471,23473,23475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23460,6093],{"class":4003},[44,23462,21717],{"class":50},[44,23464,129],{"class":115},[44,23466,21722],{"class":50},[44,23468,887],{"class":4003},[44,23470,13385],{"class":50},[44,23472,116],{"class":115},[44,23474,7948],{"class":119},[44,23476,21733],{"class":115},[44,23478,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23480,8206],{"class":141},[44,23482,123],{"class":115},[44,23484,14979],{"class":119},[44,23486,129],{"class":115},[44,23488,8572],{"class":119},[44,23490,135],{"class":115},[1474,23492,1707,23494,23496],{"id":23493},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23495,17216],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23498,23499,22112,23501,23503],{},[15,23500,17216],{},[15,23502,22045],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23505,23506],{},"Check it:",[35,23508,23510],{"className":37,"code":23509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23511,23512,23544,23548,23562,23580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23513,23514,23516,23518,23520,23522,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538,23540,23542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23515,11864],{"class":50},[44,23517,55],{"class":54},[44,23519,10629],{"class":115},[44,23521,112],{"class":58},[44,23523,200],{"class":62},[44,23525,112],{"class":58},[44,23527,790],{"class":115},[44,23529,5632],{"class":77},[44,23531,129],{"class":115},[44,23533,59],{"class":58},[44,23535,4891],{"class":62},[44,23537,112],{"class":58},[44,23539,790],{"class":115},[44,23541,3116],{"class":77},[44,23543,9447],{"class":115},[44,23545,23546],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23547,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,23549,23550,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,23551,142],{"class":141},[44,23553,123],{"class":115},[44,23555,11589],{"class":119},[44,23557,116],{"class":115},[44,23559,7948],{"class":119},[44,23561,7332],{"class":115},[44,23563,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574,23576,23578],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,23565,142],{"class":141},[44,23567,123],{"class":115},[44,23569,1297],{"class":1296},[44,23571,123],{"class":115},[44,23573,11589],{"class":119},[44,23575,116],{"class":115},[44,23577,7948],{"class":119},[44,23579,6426],{"class":115},[44,23581,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594,23596],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,23583,142],{"class":141},[44,23585,123],{"class":115},[44,23587,8231],{"class":1296},[44,23589,123],{"class":115},[44,23591,11589],{"class":119},[44,23593,116],{"class":115},[44,23595,7948],{"class":119},[44,23597,6426],{"class":115},[20,23599,23600],{},[153,23601,155],{},[35,23603,23605],{"className":37,"code":23604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23606,23607,23639,23653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23608,23609,23611,23613,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23610,22045],{"class":119},[44,23612,9796],{"class":115},[44,23614,1338],{"class":58},[44,23616,200],{"class":62},[44,23618,1338],{"class":58},[44,23620,129],{"class":115},[44,23622,5632],{"class":77},[44,23624,9372],{"class":115},[44,23626,9375],{"class":115},[44,23628,1338],{"class":58},[44,23630,4891],{"class":62},[44,23632,1338],{"class":58},[44,23634,129],{"class":115},[44,23636,3116],{"class":77},[44,23638,10818],{"class":115},[44,23640,23641,23643,23645,23647,23649,23651],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23642,1326],{"class":54},[44,23644,1329],{"class":1075},[44,23646,1332],{"class":58},[44,23648,22045],{"class":62},[44,23650,1338],{"class":58},[44,23652,1341],{"class":54},[44,23654,23655,23657,23659,23661,23663,23665,23667,23669,23671,23673,23675,23677,23679,23681],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,23656,21877],{"class":115},[44,23658,1338],{"class":58},[44,23660,200],{"class":62},[44,23662,1338],{"class":58},[44,23664,129],{"class":115},[44,23666,5632],{"class":77},[44,23668,9372],{"class":115},[44,23670,9375],{"class":115},[44,23672,1338],{"class":58},[44,23674,4891],{"class":62},[44,23676,1338],{"class":58},[44,23678,129],{"class":115},[44,23680,3116],{"class":77},[44,23682,9388],{"class":115},[1474,23684,23686,23687],{"id":23685},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23688,17216],{},[20,23690,23691],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23693,23694],{},"Problem example:",[35,23696,23698],{"className":37,"code":23697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23699,23700,23744,23748,23768,23780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23701,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23703,3739],{"class":50},[44,23705,55],{"class":54},[44,23707,10629],{"class":115},[44,23709,112],{"class":58},[44,23711,200],{"class":62},[44,23713,112],{"class":58},[44,23715,790],{"class":115},[44,23717,5632],{"class":77},[44,23719,129],{"class":115},[44,23721,59],{"class":58},[44,23723,4891],{"class":62},[44,23725,112],{"class":58},[44,23727,790],{"class":115},[44,23729,3116],{"class":77},[44,23731,129],{"class":115},[44,23733,59],{"class":58},[44,23735,9878],{"class":62},[44,23737,112],{"class":58},[44,23739,790],{"class":115},[44,23741,2573],{"class":77},[44,23743,9447],{"class":115},[44,23745,23746],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23747,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,23749,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758,23760,23762,23764,23766],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,23751,6093],{"class":4003},[44,23753,21717],{"class":50},[44,23755,129],{"class":115},[44,23757,21722],{"class":50},[44,23759,887],{"class":4003},[44,23761,4392],{"class":50},[44,23763,116],{"class":115},[44,23765,7948],{"class":119},[44,23767,21733],{"class":115},[44,23769,23770,23772,23774,23776,23778],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,23771,6535],{"class":4003},[44,23773,21722],{"class":50},[44,23775,4819],{"class":54},[44,23777,3116],{"class":77},[44,23779,6530],{"class":115},[44,23781,23782,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,23783,23784],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,23786,4027],{"class":115},[44,23788,112],{"class":58},[44,23790,18905],{"class":62},[44,23792,112],{"class":58},[44,23794,13411],{"class":115},[44,23796,13414],{"class":54},[44,23798,23799],{"class":77}," 4\n",[20,23801,23802],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23804,23805],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,23807,23809],{"className":37,"code":23808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23810,23811,23855,23859,23884,23896,23914,23918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23812,23813,23815,23817,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845,23847,23849,23851,23853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23814,3739],{"class":50},[44,23816,55],{"class":54},[44,23818,10629],{"class":115},[44,23820,112],{"class":58},[44,23822,200],{"class":62},[44,23824,112],{"class":58},[44,23826,790],{"class":115},[44,23828,5632],{"class":77},[44,23830,129],{"class":115},[44,23832,59],{"class":58},[44,23834,4891],{"class":62},[44,23836,112],{"class":58},[44,23838,790],{"class":115},[44,23840,3116],{"class":77},[44,23842,129],{"class":115},[44,23844,59],{"class":58},[44,23846,9878],{"class":62},[44,23848,112],{"class":58},[44,23850,790],{"class":115},[44,23852,2573],{"class":77},[44,23854,9447],{"class":115},[44,23856,23857],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23858,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,23860,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875,23877,23879,23881],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,23862,6093],{"class":4003},[44,23864,21717],{"class":50},[44,23866,129],{"class":115},[44,23868,21722],{"class":50},[44,23870,887],{"class":4003},[44,23872,22695],{"class":1296},[44,23874,123],{"class":115},[44,23876,3771],{"class":119},[44,23878,116],{"class":115},[44,23880,7948],{"class":119},[44,23882,23883],{"class":115},"()):\n",[44,23885,23886,23888,23890,23892,23894],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,23887,6535],{"class":4003},[44,23889,21722],{"class":50},[44,23891,4819],{"class":54},[44,23893,3116],{"class":77},[44,23895,6530],{"class":115},[44,23897,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,23899,23784],{"class":50},[44,23901,4027],{"class":115},[44,23903,112],{"class":58},[44,23905,18905],{"class":62},[44,23907,112],{"class":58},[44,23909,13411],{"class":115},[44,23911,13414],{"class":54},[44,23913,23799],{"class":77},[44,23915,23916],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,23917,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,23919,23920,23922,23924,23926],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,23921,142],{"class":141},[44,23923,123],{"class":115},[44,23925,3771],{"class":119},[44,23927,135],{"class":115},[1474,23929,23931],{"id":23930},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23933,23934],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,23936,23938],{"className":37,"code":23937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23939,23940,23972,23976,23992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23941,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23943,9306],{"class":50},[44,23945,55],{"class":54},[44,23947,10629],{"class":115},[44,23949,112],{"class":58},[44,23951,2294],{"class":62},[44,23953,112],{"class":58},[44,23955,790],{"class":115},[44,23957,6140],{"class":77},[44,23959,129],{"class":115},[44,23961,59],{"class":58},[44,23963,11885],{"class":62},[44,23965,112],{"class":58},[44,23967,790],{"class":115},[44,23969,7928],{"class":77},[44,23971,9447],{"class":115},[44,23973,23974],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,23975,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,23977,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,23979,6093],{"class":4003},[44,23981,6096],{"class":50},[44,23983,887],{"class":4003},[44,23985,14704],{"class":50},[44,23987,116],{"class":115},[44,23989,7948],{"class":119},[44,23991,21733],{"class":115},[44,23993,23994,23996,23998,24000],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,23995,8206],{"class":141},[44,23997,123],{"class":115},[44,23999,23446],{"class":119},[44,24001,135],{"class":115},[20,24003,24004],{},[153,24005,155],{},[35,24007,24009],{"className":37,"code":24008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,24010,24011,24027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24012,24013,24015,24017,24019,24021,24023,24025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24014,123],{"class":115},[44,24016,1338],{"class":58},[44,24018,2294],{"class":62},[44,24020,1338],{"class":58},[44,24022,129],{"class":115},[44,24024,6140],{"class":77},[44,24026,135],{"class":115},[44,24028,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24030,123],{"class":115},[44,24032,1338],{"class":58},[44,24034,11885],{"class":62},[44,24036,1338],{"class":58},[44,24038,129],{"class":115},[44,24040,7928],{"class":77},[44,24042,135],{"class":115},[20,24044,24045,24046,24048],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24047,21792],{}," pair.",[30,24050,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,24052,24054,24055,5277],{"id":24053},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24056,17216],{},[20,24058,17558,24059,24061],{},[15,24060,22045],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1474,24063,12844,24065,24067],{"id":24064},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24066,17216],{}," return a list?",[20,24069,24070,24071,24074],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24072,24073],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1474,24076,24078,24079,1995],{"id":24077},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24080,17216],{},[20,24082,24083],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,24085,24087],{"className":37,"code":24086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24088,24089,24109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24090,24091,24093,24095,24097,24099,24101,24103,24105,24107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24092,6093],{"class":4003},[44,24094,21717],{"class":50},[44,24096,129],{"class":115},[44,24098,21722],{"class":50},[44,24100,887],{"class":4003},[44,24102,11906],{"class":50},[44,24104,116],{"class":115},[44,24106,7948],{"class":119},[44,24108,21733],{"class":115},[44,24110,24111,24113,24115,24117,24119,24121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24112,8206],{"class":141},[44,24114,123],{"class":115},[44,24116,14979],{"class":119},[44,24118,129],{"class":115},[44,24120,8572],{"class":119},[44,24122,135],{"class":115},[1474,24124,12844,24126,24128],{"id":24125},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24127,17216],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24130,24131],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[30,24133,2019],{"id":2018},[218,24135,24136,24142,24148,24153,24157],{},[221,24137,24138],{},[200,24139,10876,24140,10880],{"href":23022},[15,24141,17203],{},[221,24143,24144],{},[200,24145,10876,24146,10880],{"href":23030},[15,24147,17209],{},[221,24149,24150],{},[200,24151,24152],{"href":22609},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[221,24154,24155],{},[200,24156,9296],{"href":13160},[221,24158,24159],{},[200,24160,24161],{"href":21915},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2048,24163,24164],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":24166},[24167,24168,24170,24171,24172,24174,24175,24177,24179,24188,24198],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":21775,"depth":69,"text":24169},"What items() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":22106,"depth":69,"text":22107},{"id":22332,"depth":69,"text":24173},"Looping with items()",{"id":22613,"depth":69,"text":22614},{"id":22805,"depth":69,"text":24176},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23040,"depth":69,"text":24178},"When to use items()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":24180},[24181,24183,24185,24187],{"id":23235,"depth":81,"text":24182},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23493,"depth":81,"text":24184},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23685,"depth":81,"text":24186},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23930,"depth":81,"text":23931},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":24189},[24190,24192,24194,24196],{"id":24053,"depth":81,"text":24191},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24064,"depth":81,"text":24193},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24077,"depth":81,"text":24195},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24125,"depth":81,"text":24197},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21644,"description":24199},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24206,"title":24207,"body":24208,"description":26297,"extension":2084,"meta":26298,"navigation":84,"path":23022,"seo":26299,"stem":26300,"__hash__":26301},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24209,"toc":26263},[24210,24215,24221,24224,24235,24242,24244,24327,24331,24378,24383,24388,24393,24395,24411,24413,24512,24516,24573,24576,24578,24581,24674,24678,24741,24744,24760,24765,24767,24769,24784,24786,24797,24799,24842,24845,24888,24891,24893,24900,24903,24920,24922,25015,25019,25060,25072,25076,25079,25167,25171,25191,25194,25221,25228,25233,25237,25248,25250,25353,25357,25383,25386,25453,25458,25461,25484,25489,25493,25498,25504,25509,25511,25566,25570,25597,25604,25610,25613,25638,25644,25670,25673,25748,25755,25760,25762,25801,25819,25823,25826,25869,25872,25874,25893,25895,25900,25925,25928,25998,26001,26074,26078,26080,26141,26144,26160,26162,26167,26172,26179,26188,26194,26200,26207,26213,26217,26222,26224,26260],[10,24211,11459,24213,18],{"id":24212},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24214,17203],{},[20,24216,24217,24218,24220],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24219,17203],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24222,24223],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[218,24225,24226,24229,24232],{},[221,24227,24228],{},"view the available keys",[221,24230,24231],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[221,24233,24234],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24236,24237,24239,24240,116],{},[15,24238,17203],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24241,17152],{},[30,24243,33],{"id":32},[35,24245,24247],{"className":37,"code":24246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24248,24249,24285,24299,24303,24313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24250,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263,24265,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24252,13003],{"class":50},[44,24254,55],{"class":54},[44,24256,10629],{"class":115},[44,24258,112],{"class":58},[44,24260,126],{"class":62},[44,24262,112],{"class":58},[44,24264,790],{"class":115},[44,24266,59],{"class":58},[44,24268,833],{"class":62},[44,24270,112],{"class":58},[44,24272,129],{"class":115},[44,24274,59],{"class":58},[44,24276,9437],{"class":62},[44,24278,112],{"class":58},[44,24280,790],{"class":115},[44,24282,7928],{"class":77},[44,24284,9447],{"class":115},[44,24286,24287,24289,24291,24293,24295,24297],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24288,17380],{"class":50},[44,24290,55],{"class":54},[44,24292,13045],{"class":50},[44,24294,116],{"class":115},[44,24296,17061],{"class":119},[44,24298,8782],{"class":115},[44,24300,24301],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,24302,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,24304,24305,24307,24309,24311],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,24306,142],{"class":141},[44,24308,123],{"class":115},[44,24310,17061],{"class":119},[44,24312,135],{"class":115},[44,24314,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,24316,142],{"class":141},[44,24318,123],{"class":115},[44,24320,8231],{"class":1296},[44,24322,123],{"class":115},[44,24324,17061],{"class":119},[44,24326,567],{"class":115},[20,24328,24329],{},[153,24330,155],{},[35,24332,24334],{"className":37,"code":24333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24335,24336,24358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24337,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348,24350,24352,24354,24356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24339,17152],{"class":119},[44,24341,3108],{"class":115},[44,24343,1338],{"class":58},[44,24345,126],{"class":62},[44,24347,1338],{"class":58},[44,24349,129],{"class":115},[44,24351,1332],{"class":58},[44,24353,9437],{"class":62},[44,24355,1338],{"class":58},[44,24357,4015],{"class":115},[44,24359,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24361,4027],{"class":115},[44,24363,1338],{"class":58},[44,24365,126],{"class":62},[44,24367,1338],{"class":58},[44,24369,129],{"class":115},[44,24371,1332],{"class":58},[44,24373,9437],{"class":62},[44,24375,1338],{"class":58},[44,24377,3757],{"class":115},[20,24379,189,24380,24382],{},[15,24381,17203],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[30,24384,3802,24386,3805],{"id":24385},"what-keys-does",[15,24387,17203],{},[20,24389,24390,24392],{},[15,24391,17203],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24394,11598],{},[218,24396,24397,24400,24403,24408],{},[221,24398,24399],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[221,24401,24402],{},"It does not need any arguments",[221,24404,17558,24405,24407],{},[15,24406,17152],{}," view object, not a list",[221,24409,24410],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24412,238],{},[35,24414,24416],{"className":37,"code":24415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24417,24418,24454,24458,24472,24476,24498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24419,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430,24432,24434,24436,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24421,13342],{"class":50},[44,24423,55],{"class":54},[44,24425,10629],{"class":115},[44,24427,112],{"class":58},[44,24429,126],{"class":62},[44,24431,112],{"class":58},[44,24433,790],{"class":115},[44,24435,59],{"class":58},[44,24437,13359],{"class":62},[44,24439,112],{"class":58},[44,24441,129],{"class":115},[44,24443,59],{"class":58},[44,24445,9437],{"class":62},[44,24447,112],{"class":58},[44,24449,790],{"class":115},[44,24451,9444],{"class":77},[44,24453,9447],{"class":115},[44,24455,24456],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24457,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,24459,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,24461,142],{"class":141},[44,24463,123],{"class":115},[44,24465,17445],{"class":119},[44,24467,116],{"class":115},[44,24469,17061],{"class":119},[44,24471,7332],{"class":115},[44,24473,24474],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,24475,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,24477,24478,24480,24482,24484,24486,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,24479,17445],{"class":50},[44,24481,4027],{"class":115},[44,24483,112],{"class":58},[44,24485,10547],{"class":62},[44,24487,112],{"class":58},[44,24489,13411],{"class":115},[44,24491,13414],{"class":54},[44,24493,59],{"class":58},[44,24495,10554],{"class":62},[44,24497,66],{"class":58},[44,24499,24500,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,24501,142],{"class":141},[44,24503,123],{"class":115},[44,24505,17445],{"class":119},[44,24507,116],{"class":115},[44,24509,17061],{"class":119},[44,24511,7332],{"class":115},[20,24513,24514],{},[153,24515,155],{},[35,24517,24519],{"className":37,"code":24518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24520,24521,24543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24522,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24524,17152],{"class":119},[44,24526,3108],{"class":115},[44,24528,1338],{"class":58},[44,24530,126],{"class":62},[44,24532,1338],{"class":58},[44,24534,129],{"class":115},[44,24536,1332],{"class":58},[44,24538,9437],{"class":62},[44,24540,1338],{"class":58},[44,24542,4015],{"class":115},[44,24544,24545,24547,24549,24551,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563,24565,24567,24569,24571],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24546,17152],{"class":119},[44,24548,3108],{"class":115},[44,24550,1338],{"class":58},[44,24552,126],{"class":62},[44,24554,1338],{"class":58},[44,24556,129],{"class":115},[44,24558,1332],{"class":58},[44,24560,9437],{"class":62},[44,24562,1338],{"class":58},[44,24564,129],{"class":115},[44,24566,1332],{"class":58},[44,24568,10547],{"class":62},[44,24570,1338],{"class":58},[44,24572,4015],{"class":115},[20,24574,24575],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[30,24577,5922],{"id":5921},[20,24579,24580],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,24582,24584],{"className":37,"code":24583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24585,24586,24638,24642,24656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24587,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614,24616,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632,24634,24636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24589,9306],{"class":50},[44,24591,55],{"class":54},[44,24593,10629],{"class":115},[44,24595,112],{"class":58},[44,24597,126],{"class":62},[44,24599,112],{"class":58},[44,24601,790],{"class":115},[44,24603,59],{"class":58},[44,24605,833],{"class":62},[44,24607,112],{"class":58},[44,24609,129],{"class":115},[44,24611,59],{"class":58},[44,24613,9437],{"class":62},[44,24615,112],{"class":58},[44,24617,790],{"class":115},[44,24619,7928],{"class":77},[44,24621,129],{"class":115},[44,24623,59],{"class":58},[44,24625,20028],{"class":62},[44,24627,112],{"class":58},[44,24629,790],{"class":115},[44,24631,59],{"class":58},[44,24633,22382],{"class":62},[44,24635,112],{"class":58},[44,24637,9447],{"class":115},[44,24639,24640],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24641,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,24643,24644,24646,24648,24650,24652,24654],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,24645,142],{"class":141},[44,24647,123],{"class":115},[44,24649,9343],{"class":119},[44,24651,116],{"class":115},[44,24653,17061],{"class":119},[44,24655,7332],{"class":115},[44,24657,24658,24660,24662,24664,24666,24668,24670,24672],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,24659,142],{"class":141},[44,24661,123],{"class":115},[44,24663,8231],{"class":1296},[44,24665,123],{"class":115},[44,24667,9343],{"class":119},[44,24669,116],{"class":115},[44,24671,17061],{"class":119},[44,24673,6426],{"class":115},[20,24675,24676],{},[153,24677,155],{},[35,24679,24681],{"className":37,"code":24680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24682,24683,24713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24684,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24686,17152],{"class":119},[44,24688,3108],{"class":115},[44,24690,1338],{"class":58},[44,24692,126],{"class":62},[44,24694,1338],{"class":58},[44,24696,129],{"class":115},[44,24698,1332],{"class":58},[44,24700,9437],{"class":62},[44,24702,1338],{"class":58},[44,24704,129],{"class":115},[44,24706,1332],{"class":58},[44,24708,20028],{"class":62},[44,24710,1338],{"class":58},[44,24712,4015],{"class":115},[44,24714,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731,24733,24735,24737,24739],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24716,4027],{"class":115},[44,24718,1338],{"class":58},[44,24720,126],{"class":62},[44,24722,1338],{"class":58},[44,24724,129],{"class":115},[44,24726,1332],{"class":58},[44,24728,9437],{"class":62},[44,24730,1338],{"class":58},[44,24732,129],{"class":115},[44,24734,1332],{"class":58},[44,24736,20028],{"class":62},[44,24738,1338],{"class":58},[44,24740,3757],{"class":115},[20,24742,24743],{},"This shows two things:",[218,24745,24746,24754],{},[221,24747,24748,22112,24751,24753],{},[15,24749,24750],{},"data.keys()",[15,24752,17152],{}," object",[221,24755,24756,24759],{},[15,24757,24758],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24761,9292,24762,116],{},[200,24763,24764],{"href":9529},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[30,24766,5565],{"id":5564},[20,24768,2280],{},[35,24770,24772],{"className":37,"code":24771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24773,24774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24775,24776,24778,24780,24782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24777,11589],{"class":50},[44,24779,116],{"class":115},[44,24781,17061],{"class":119},[44,24783,8782],{"class":115},[20,24785,21937],{},[218,24787,24788,24791,24794],{},[221,24789,24790],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[221,24792,24793],{},"It takes no parameters",[221,24795,24796],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24798,16793],{},[35,24800,24802],{"className":37,"code":24801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24803,24804,24828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24805,24806,24808,24810,24812,24814,24816,24818,24820,24822,24824,24826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24807,13003],{"class":50},[44,24809,55],{"class":54},[44,24811,10629],{"class":115},[44,24813,112],{"class":58},[44,24815,126],{"class":62},[44,24817,112],{"class":58},[44,24819,790],{"class":115},[44,24821,59],{"class":58},[44,24823,833],{"class":62},[44,24825,112],{"class":58},[44,24827,9447],{"class":115},[44,24829,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24831,142],{"class":141},[44,24833,123],{"class":115},[44,24835,945],{"class":119},[44,24837,116],{"class":115},[44,24839,17061],{"class":119},[44,24841,7332],{"class":115},[20,24843,24844],{},"Incorrect:",[35,24846,24848],{"className":37,"code":24847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24849,24850,24874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24851,24852,24854,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870,24872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24853,13003],{"class":50},[44,24855,55],{"class":54},[44,24857,10629],{"class":115},[44,24859,112],{"class":58},[44,24861,126],{"class":62},[44,24863,112],{"class":58},[44,24865,790],{"class":115},[44,24867,59],{"class":58},[44,24869,833],{"class":62},[44,24871,112],{"class":58},[44,24873,9447],{"class":115},[44,24875,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24877,142],{"class":141},[44,24879,123],{"class":115},[44,24881,945],{"class":119},[44,24883,116],{"class":115},[44,24885,17061],{"class":685},[44,24887,135],{"class":115},[20,24889,24890],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[30,24892,1219],{"id":1218},[20,24894,24895,22112,24897,24899],{},[15,24896,17203],{},[15,24898,17152],{}," object.",[20,24901,24902],{},"This object:",[218,24904,24905,24908,24911,24917],{},[221,24906,24907],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[221,24909,24910],{},"can be used in a loop",[221,24912,24913,24914],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24915,24916],{},"list()",[221,24918,24919],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24921,238],{},[35,24923,24925],{"className":37,"code":24924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24926,24927,24968,24972,24987,24991,25001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24928,24929,24932,24934,24936,24938,24941,24943,24945,24947,24950,24952,24954,24956,24959,24961,24963,24966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24930,24931],{"class":50},"car ",[44,24933,55],{"class":54},[44,24935,10629],{"class":115},[44,24937,112],{"class":58},[44,24939,24940],{"class":62},"brand",[44,24942,112],{"class":58},[44,24944,790],{"class":115},[44,24946,59],{"class":58},[44,24948,24949],{"class":62},"Toyota",[44,24951,112],{"class":58},[44,24953,129],{"class":115},[44,24955,59],{"class":58},[44,24957,24958],{"class":62},"year",[44,24960,112],{"class":58},[44,24962,790],{"class":115},[44,24964,24965],{"class":77}," 2020",[44,24967,9447],{"class":115},[44,24969,24970],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,24971,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,24973,24974,24976,24978,24981,24983,24985],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,24975,2351],{"class":50},[44,24977,55],{"class":54},[44,24979,24980],{"class":50}," car",[44,24982,116],{"class":115},[44,24984,17061],{"class":119},[44,24986,8782],{"class":115},[44,24988,24989],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,24990,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,24992,24993,24995,24997,24999],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,24994,142],{"class":141},[44,24996,123],{"class":115},[44,24998,2386],{"class":119},[44,25000,135],{"class":115},[44,25002,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,25004,142],{"class":141},[44,25006,123],{"class":115},[44,25008,1297],{"class":1296},[44,25010,123],{"class":115},[44,25012,2386],{"class":119},[44,25014,567],{"class":115},[20,25016,25017],{},[153,25018,155],{},[35,25020,25022],{"className":37,"code":25021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,25023,25024,25046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25025,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25027,17152],{"class":119},[44,25029,3108],{"class":115},[44,25031,1338],{"class":58},[44,25033,24940],{"class":62},[44,25035,1338],{"class":58},[44,25037,129],{"class":115},[44,25039,1332],{"class":58},[44,25041,24958],{"class":62},[44,25043,1338],{"class":58},[44,25045,4015],{"class":115},[44,25047,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25049,1326],{"class":54},[44,25051,1329],{"class":1075},[44,25053,1332],{"class":58},[44,25055,17152],{"class":62},[44,25057,1338],{"class":58},[44,25059,1341],{"class":54},[20,25061,25062,25063,25067,25068,116],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[200,25064,10876,25065,10880],{"href":17206},[15,25066,17209],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[200,25069,10876,25070,10880],{"href":17213},[15,25071,17216],{},[30,25073,25075],{"id":25074},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25077,25078],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,25080,25082],{"className":37,"code":25081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25083,25084,25137,25141,25157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25085,25086,25088,25090,25092,25094,25096,25098,25100,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114,25116,25118,25120,25122,25124,25126,25128,25130,25133,25135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25087,13003],{"class":50},[44,25089,55],{"class":54},[44,25091,10629],{"class":115},[44,25093,112],{"class":58},[44,25095,126],{"class":62},[44,25097,112],{"class":58},[44,25099,790],{"class":115},[44,25101,59],{"class":58},[44,25103,833],{"class":62},[44,25105,112],{"class":58},[44,25107,129],{"class":115},[44,25109,59],{"class":58},[44,25111,9437],{"class":62},[44,25113,112],{"class":58},[44,25115,790],{"class":115},[44,25117,7928],{"class":77},[44,25119,129],{"class":115},[44,25121,59],{"class":58},[44,25123,15466],{"class":62},[44,25125,112],{"class":58},[44,25127,790],{"class":115},[44,25129,59],{"class":58},[44,25131,25132],{"class":62},"Math",[44,25134,112],{"class":58},[44,25136,9447],{"class":115},[44,25138,25139],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25140,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,25142,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,25144,6093],{"class":4003},[44,25146,18346],{"class":50},[44,25148,887],{"class":4003},[44,25150,13045],{"class":50},[44,25152,116],{"class":115},[44,25154,17061],{"class":119},[44,25156,21733],{"class":115},[44,25158,25159,25161,25163,25165],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,25160,8206],{"class":141},[44,25162,123],{"class":115},[44,25164,14979],{"class":119},[44,25166,135],{"class":115},[20,25168,25169],{},[153,25170,155],{},[35,25172,25174],{"className":37,"code":25173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25175,25176,25181,25186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25177,25178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25179,25180],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,25182,25183],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25184,25185],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,25187,25188],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,25189,25190],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,25192,25193],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,25195,25197],{"className":37,"code":25196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25198,25199,25211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25200,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25202,6093],{"class":4003},[44,25204,18346],{"class":50},[44,25206,887],{"class":4003},[44,25208,13045],{"class":50},[44,25210,6530],{"class":115},[44,25212,25213,25215,25217,25219],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25214,8206],{"class":141},[44,25216,123],{"class":115},[44,25218,14979],{"class":119},[44,25220,135],{"class":115},[20,25222,25223,25224,25227],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25225,25226],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[30,25229,5092,25231],{"id":25230},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25232,17203],{},[20,25234,189,25235,10740],{},[15,25236,17203],{},[218,25238,25239,25242,25245],{},[221,25240,25241],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[221,25243,25244],{},"you want to display available fields",[221,25246,25247],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25249,238],{},[35,25251,25253],{"className":37,"code":25252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25254,25255,25307,25311,25326,25343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25256,25257,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25277,25279,25281,25283,25285,25287,25289,25292,25294,25296,25299,25301,25303,25305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25258,25259],{"class":50},"product ",[44,25261,55],{"class":54},[44,25263,10629],{"class":115},[44,25265,112],{"class":58},[44,25267,126],{"class":62},[44,25269,112],{"class":58},[44,25271,790],{"class":115},[44,25273,59],{"class":58},[44,25275,25276],{"class":62},"Book",[44,25278,112],{"class":58},[44,25280,129],{"class":115},[44,25282,59],{"class":58},[44,25284,1089],{"class":62},[44,25286,112],{"class":58},[44,25288,790],{"class":115},[44,25290,25291],{"class":77}," 12.99",[44,25293,129],{"class":115},[44,25295,59],{"class":58},[44,25297,25298],{"class":62},"stock",[44,25300,112],{"class":58},[44,25302,790],{"class":115},[44,25304,4735],{"class":77},[44,25306,9447],{"class":115},[44,25308,25309],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25310,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,25312,25313,25315,25317,25319,25322,25324],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,25314,142],{"class":141},[44,25316,123],{"class":115},[44,25318,112],{"class":58},[44,25320,25321],{"class":62},"Available fields:",[44,25323,112],{"class":58},[44,25325,135],{"class":115},[44,25327,25328,25330,25332,25334,25337,25339,25341],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,25329,6093],{"class":4003},[44,25331,18346],{"class":50},[44,25333,887],{"class":4003},[44,25335,25336],{"class":50}," product",[44,25338,116],{"class":115},[44,25340,17061],{"class":119},[44,25342,21733],{"class":115},[44,25344,25345,25347,25349,25351],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,25346,8206],{"class":141},[44,25348,123],{"class":115},[44,25350,14979],{"class":119},[44,25352,135],{"class":115},[20,25354,25355],{},[153,25356,155],{},[35,25358,25360],{"className":37,"code":25359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25361,25362,25369,25373,25378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25363,25364,25367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25365,25366],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,25368,6530],{"class":115},[44,25370,25371],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25372,25180],{"class":50},[44,25374,25375],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,25376,25377],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,25379,25380],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,25381,25382],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,25384,25385],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,25387,25389],{"className":37,"code":25388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25390,25391,25427,25431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25392,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25394,25259],{"class":50},[44,25396,55],{"class":54},[44,25398,10629],{"class":115},[44,25400,112],{"class":58},[44,25402,126],{"class":62},[44,25404,112],{"class":58},[44,25406,790],{"class":115},[44,25408,59],{"class":58},[44,25410,25276],{"class":62},[44,25412,112],{"class":58},[44,25414,129],{"class":115},[44,25416,59],{"class":58},[44,25418,1089],{"class":62},[44,25420,112],{"class":58},[44,25422,790],{"class":115},[44,25424,25291],{"class":77},[44,25426,9447],{"class":115},[44,25428,25429],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25430,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,25432,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25443,25445,25447,25449,25451],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,25434,142],{"class":141},[44,25436,123],{"class":115},[44,25438,112],{"class":58},[44,25440,126],{"class":62},[44,25442,112],{"class":58},[44,25444,21311],{"class":4003},[44,25446,25336],{"class":119},[44,25448,116],{"class":115},[44,25450,17061],{"class":119},[44,25452,7332],{"class":115},[20,25454,25455,25456,116],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25457,3724],{},[20,25459,25460],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,25462,25464],{"className":37,"code":25463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25465,25466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25467,25468,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25469,142],{"class":141},[44,25471,123],{"class":115},[44,25473,112],{"class":58},[44,25475,126],{"class":62},[44,25477,112],{"class":58},[44,25479,21311],{"class":4003},[44,25481,25336],{"class":119},[44,25483,135],{"class":115},[20,25485,25486,25487,116],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[200,25488,21344],{"href":17291},[30,25490,25492],{"id":25491},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25494,25495,25496,116],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25497,17203],{},[1474,25499,1707,25501,25503],{"id":25500},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25502,17203],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25505,25506,25508],{},[15,25507,17203],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25510,238],{},[35,25512,25514],{"className":37,"code":25513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25515,25516,25552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25517,25518,25520,25522,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534,25536,25538,25540,25542,25544,25546,25548,25550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25519,9306],{"class":50},[44,25521,55],{"class":54},[44,25523,10629],{"class":115},[44,25525,112],{"class":58},[44,25527,126],{"class":62},[44,25529,112],{"class":58},[44,25531,790],{"class":115},[44,25533,59],{"class":58},[44,25535,833],{"class":62},[44,25537,112],{"class":58},[44,25539,129],{"class":115},[44,25541,59],{"class":58},[44,25543,9437],{"class":62},[44,25545,112],{"class":58},[44,25547,790],{"class":115},[44,25549,7928],{"class":77},[44,25551,9447],{"class":115},[44,25553,25554,25556,25558,25560,25562,25564],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25555,142],{"class":141},[44,25557,123],{"class":115},[44,25559,9343],{"class":119},[44,25561,116],{"class":115},[44,25563,17061],{"class":119},[44,25565,7332],{"class":115},[20,25567,25568],{},[153,25569,155],{},[35,25571,25573],{"className":37,"code":25572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25574,25575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25576,25577,25579,25581,25583,25585,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25578,17152],{"class":119},[44,25580,3108],{"class":115},[44,25582,1338],{"class":58},[44,25584,126],{"class":62},[44,25586,1338],{"class":58},[44,25588,129],{"class":115},[44,25590,1332],{"class":58},[44,25592,9437],{"class":62},[44,25594,1338],{"class":58},[44,25596,4015],{"class":115},[20,25598,25599,25600,116],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[200,25601,25602],{"href":17213},[15,25603,17216],{},[1474,25605,25607,25608],{"id":25606},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25609,17152],{},[20,25611,25612],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,25614,25616],{"className":37,"code":25615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25617,25618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25619,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628,25630,25632,25634,25636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25621,4027],{"class":115},[44,25623,1338],{"class":58},[44,25625,126],{"class":62},[44,25627,1338],{"class":58},[44,25629,129],{"class":115},[44,25631,1332],{"class":58},[44,25633,9437],{"class":62},[44,25635,1338],{"class":58},[44,25637,3757],{"class":115},[20,25639,25640,25641,25643],{},"But ",[15,25642,17203],{}," returns:",[35,25645,25646],{"className":37,"code":25572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,25647,25648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25649,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25651,17152],{"class":119},[44,25653,3108],{"class":115},[44,25655,1338],{"class":58},[44,25657,126],{"class":62},[44,25659,1338],{"class":58},[44,25661,129],{"class":115},[44,25663,1332],{"class":58},[44,25665,9437],{"class":62},[44,25667,1338],{"class":58},[44,25669,4015],{"class":115},[20,25671,25672],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,25674,25676],{"className":37,"code":25675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25677,25678,25714,25733,25737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25679,25680,25682,25684,25686,25688,25690,25692,25694,25696,25698,25700,25702,25704,25706,25708,25710,25712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25681,9306],{"class":50},[44,25683,55],{"class":54},[44,25685,10629],{"class":115},[44,25687,112],{"class":58},[44,25689,126],{"class":62},[44,25691,112],{"class":58},[44,25693,790],{"class":115},[44,25695,59],{"class":58},[44,25697,833],{"class":62},[44,25699,112],{"class":58},[44,25701,129],{"class":115},[44,25703,59],{"class":58},[44,25705,9437],{"class":62},[44,25707,112],{"class":58},[44,25709,790],{"class":115},[44,25711,7928],{"class":77},[44,25713,9447],{"class":115},[44,25715,25716,25719,25721,25723,25725,25727,25729,25731],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25717,25718],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,25720,55],{"class":54},[44,25722,22695],{"class":1296},[44,25724,123],{"class":115},[44,25726,9343],{"class":119},[44,25728,116],{"class":115},[44,25730,17061],{"class":119},[44,25732,7332],{"class":115},[44,25734,25735],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,25736,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,25738,25739,25741,25743,25746],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,25740,142],{"class":141},[44,25742,123],{"class":115},[44,25744,25745],{"class":119},"key_list",[44,25747,135],{"class":115},[1474,25749,25751,25752,25754],{"id":25750},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25753,17203],{}," on a list or string",[20,25756,25757,25759],{},[15,25758,17203],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25761,2958],{},[35,25763,25765],{"className":37,"code":25764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25766,25767,25787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25768,25769,25771,25773,25775,25777,25779,25781,25783,25785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25770,3739],{"class":50},[44,25772,55],{"class":54},[44,25774,3744],{"class":115},[44,25776,3111],{"class":77},[44,25778,129],{"class":115},[44,25780,3116],{"class":77},[44,25782,129],{"class":115},[44,25784,2573],{"class":77},[44,25786,3757],{"class":115},[44,25788,25789,25791,25793,25795,25797,25799],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25790,142],{"class":141},[44,25792,123],{"class":115},[44,25794,3771],{"class":119},[44,25796,116],{"class":115},[44,25798,17061],{"class":119},[44,25800,7332],{"class":115},[20,25802,25803,25804,25807,25808,25810,25811,116],{},"You may get an ",[15,25805,25806],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25809,17203],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[200,25812,25814,25815,25818],{"href":25813},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25816,25817],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1474,25820,25822],{"id":25821},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25824,25825],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,25827,25829],{"className":37,"code":25828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25830,25831,25855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25832,25833,25835,25837,25839,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851,25853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25834,9306],{"class":50},[44,25836,55],{"class":54},[44,25838,10629],{"class":115},[44,25840,112],{"class":58},[44,25842,126],{"class":62},[44,25844,112],{"class":58},[44,25846,790],{"class":115},[44,25848,59],{"class":58},[44,25850,833],{"class":62},[44,25852,112],{"class":58},[44,25854,9447],{"class":115},[44,25856,25857,25859,25861,25863,25865,25867],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25858,142],{"class":141},[44,25860,123],{"class":115},[44,25862,9343],{"class":119},[44,25864,116],{"class":115},[44,25866,17061],{"class":685},[44,25868,135],{"class":115},[20,25870,25871],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25873,18832],{},[35,25875,25877],{"className":37,"code":25876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25878,25879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25880,25881,25883,25885,25887,25889,25891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25882,142],{"class":141},[44,25884,123],{"class":115},[44,25886,9343],{"class":119},[44,25888,116],{"class":115},[44,25890,17061],{"class":119},[44,25892,7332],{"class":115},[30,25894,1467],{"id":1466},[20,25896,25897,25898,790],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25899,17203],{},[218,25901,25902,25907,25913,25919],{},[221,25903,8556,25904,25906],{},[15,25905,17203],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[221,25908,25909,25910,25912],{},"Thinking ",[15,25911,17203],{}," returns values too",[221,25914,25915,25916,25918],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25917,17152],{}," like a normal list",[221,25920,25921,25922,25924],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25923,17152],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25926,25927],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,25929,25931],{"className":37,"code":25930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25932,25933,25965,25979,25983,25993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25934,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25936,9306],{"class":50},[44,25938,55],{"class":54},[44,25940,10629],{"class":115},[44,25942,112],{"class":58},[44,25944,200],{"class":62},[44,25946,112],{"class":58},[44,25948,790],{"class":115},[44,25950,5632],{"class":77},[44,25952,129],{"class":115},[44,25954,59],{"class":58},[44,25956,4891],{"class":62},[44,25958,112],{"class":58},[44,25960,790],{"class":115},[44,25962,3116],{"class":77},[44,25964,9447],{"class":115},[44,25966,25967,25969,25971,25973,25975,25977],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,25968,17380],{"class":50},[44,25970,55],{"class":54},[44,25972,14704],{"class":50},[44,25974,116],{"class":115},[44,25976,17061],{"class":119},[44,25978,8782],{"class":115},[44,25980,25981],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,25982,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,25984,25985,25987,25989,25991],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,25986,142],{"class":141},[44,25988,123],{"class":115},[44,25990,17061],{"class":119},[44,25992,135],{"class":115},[44,25994,25995],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,25996,25997],{"class":3787},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25999,26000],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,26002,26004],{"className":37,"code":26003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,26005,26006,26038,26056,26060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26007,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26009,9306],{"class":50},[44,26011,55],{"class":54},[44,26013,10629],{"class":115},[44,26015,112],{"class":58},[44,26017,200],{"class":62},[44,26019,112],{"class":58},[44,26021,790],{"class":115},[44,26023,5632],{"class":77},[44,26025,129],{"class":115},[44,26027,59],{"class":58},[44,26029,4891],{"class":62},[44,26031,112],{"class":58},[44,26033,790],{"class":115},[44,26035,3116],{"class":77},[44,26037,9447],{"class":115},[44,26039,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26041,17380],{"class":50},[44,26043,55],{"class":54},[44,26045,22695],{"class":1296},[44,26047,123],{"class":115},[44,26049,9343],{"class":119},[44,26051,116],{"class":115},[44,26053,17061],{"class":119},[44,26055,7332],{"class":115},[44,26057,26058],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,26059,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,26061,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,26063,142],{"class":141},[44,26065,123],{"class":115},[44,26067,17061],{"class":119},[44,26069,4027],{"class":115},[44,26071,2240],{"class":77},[44,26073,4015],{"class":115},[30,26075,26077],{"id":26076},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26079,11253],{},[35,26081,26083],{"className":37,"code":26082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26084,26085,26099,26109,26123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26086,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26088,142],{"class":141},[44,26090,123],{"class":115},[44,26092,1297],{"class":1296},[44,26094,123],{"class":115},[44,26096,11589],{"class":119},[44,26098,567],{"class":115},[44,26100,26101,26103,26105,26107],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26102,142],{"class":141},[44,26104,123],{"class":115},[44,26106,11589],{"class":119},[44,26108,135],{"class":115},[44,26110,26111,26113,26115,26117,26119,26121],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,26112,142],{"class":141},[44,26114,123],{"class":115},[44,26116,11589],{"class":119},[44,26118,116],{"class":115},[44,26120,17061],{"class":119},[44,26122,7332],{"class":115},[44,26124,26125,26127,26129,26131,26133,26135,26137,26139],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,26126,142],{"class":141},[44,26128,123],{"class":115},[44,26130,8231],{"class":1296},[44,26132,123],{"class":115},[44,26134,11589],{"class":119},[44,26136,116],{"class":115},[44,26138,17061],{"class":119},[44,26140,6426],{"class":115},[20,26142,26143],{},"These help you confirm:",[218,26145,26146,26149,26152,26157],{},[221,26147,26148],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[221,26150,26151],{},"what data it contains",[221,26153,26154,26155,11845],{},"what ",[15,26156,17203],{},[221,26158,26159],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[30,26161,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,26163,24054,26165,5277],{"id":26164},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26166,17203],{},[20,26168,17558,26169,26171],{},[15,26170,17152],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1474,26173,2006,26175,26178],{"id":26174},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26176,26177],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26180,26181,26182,26184,26185,116],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26183,17152],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26186,26187],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1474,26189,26191,26192,1995],{"id":26190},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26193,26177],{},[20,26195,26196,26197,26199],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26198,6093],{}," loop.",[1474,26201,26203,26204,26206],{"id":26202},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26205,17203],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26208,26209,26210,26212],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26211,17203],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1474,26214,26216],{"id":26215},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26218,189,26219,116],{},[15,26220,26221],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[30,26223,2019],{"id":2018},[218,26225,26226,26231,26237,26243,26249,26253],{},[221,26227,26228],{},[200,26229,26230],{"href":9529},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[221,26232,26233],{},[200,26234,10876,26235,10880],{"href":17206},[15,26236,17209],{},[221,26238,26239],{},[200,26240,10876,26241,10880],{"href":17213},[15,26242,17216],{},[221,26244,26245],{},[200,26246,26248],{"href":26247},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[221,26250,26251],{},[200,26252,17292],{"href":17291},[221,26254,26255],{},[200,26256,26257,26258,25818],{"href":25813},"How to fix ",[15,26259,25817],{},[2048,26261,26262],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":26264},[26265,26266,26268,26269,26270,26271,26272,26274,26283,26284,26285,26296],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":24385,"depth":69,"text":26267},"What keys() does",{"id":5921,"depth":69,"text":5922},{"id":5564,"depth":69,"text":5565},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":25074,"depth":69,"text":25075},{"id":25230,"depth":69,"text":26273},"When to use keys()",{"id":25491,"depth":69,"text":25492,"children":26275},[26276,26278,26280,26282],{"id":25500,"depth":81,"text":26277},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25606,"depth":81,"text":26279},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25750,"depth":81,"text":26281},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25821,"depth":81,"text":25822},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":26076,"depth":69,"text":26077},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":26286},[26287,26289,26291,26293,26295],{"id":26164,"depth":81,"text":26288},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26174,"depth":81,"text":26290},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26190,"depth":81,"text":26292},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26202,"depth":81,"text":26294},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26215,"depth":81,"text":26216},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24207,"description":26297},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26303,"title":26304,"body":26305,"description":28578,"extension":2084,"meta":28579,"navigation":84,"path":28580,"seo":28581,"stem":28582,"__hash__":28583},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26306,"toc":28531},[26307,26312,26317,26320,26322,26468,26481,26486,26490,26504,26506,26609,26618,26620,26623,26661,26686,26688,26795,26797,26804,26807,26815,26817,26958,26966,26971,26975,26986,26988,27150,27153,27161,27168,27174,27271,27277,27354,27357,27369,27374,27380,27383,27387,27476,27479,27483,27587,27594,27681,27690,27692,27697,27703,27706,27752,27755,27821,27830,27836,27929,27935,27941,27984,27987,28052,28058,28150,28153,28157,28163,28188,28191,28287,28294,28296,28301,28392,28394,28422,28427,28429,28436,28439,28443,28453,28458,28461,28468,28478,28485,28493,28495,28528],[10,26308,11459,26310,18],{"id":26309},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26311,12902],{},[20,26313,26314,26316],{},[15,26315,12709],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26318,26319],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[30,26321,3729],{"id":3728},[35,26323,26325],{"className":37,"code":26324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26326,26327,26363,26387,26401,26414,26418,26423,26455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26328,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26330,13342],{"class":50},[44,26332,55],{"class":54},[44,26334,10629],{"class":115},[44,26336,112],{"class":58},[44,26338,126],{"class":62},[44,26340,112],{"class":58},[44,26342,790],{"class":115},[44,26344,59],{"class":58},[44,26346,833],{"class":62},[44,26348,112],{"class":58},[44,26350,129],{"class":115},[44,26352,59],{"class":58},[44,26354,9437],{"class":62},[44,26356,112],{"class":58},[44,26358,790],{"class":115},[44,26360,9444],{"class":77},[44,26362,9447],{"class":115},[44,26364,26365,26368,26370,26372,26374,26377,26379,26381,26383,26385],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26366,26367],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,26369,55],{"class":54},[44,26371,13385],{"class":50},[44,26373,116],{"class":115},[44,26375,26376],{"class":119},"pop",[44,26378,123],{"class":115},[44,26380,112],{"class":58},[44,26382,9437],{"class":62},[44,26384,112],{"class":58},[44,26386,135],{"class":115},[44,26388,26389,26391,26393,26396,26398],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,26390,142],{"class":141},[44,26392,123],{"class":115},[44,26394,26395],{"class":119},"removed_age",[44,26397,3784],{"class":115},[44,26399,26400],{"class":3787},"   # 25\n",[44,26402,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,26404,142],{"class":141},[44,26406,123],{"class":115},[44,26408,17445],{"class":119},[44,26410,3784],{"class":115},[44,26412,26413],{"class":3787},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,26415,26416],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,26417,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,26419,26420],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,26421,26422],{"class":3787},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,26424,26425,26428,26430,26432,26434,26436,26438,26440,26442,26444,26446,26448,26451,26453],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,26426,26427],{"class":50},"country ",[44,26429,55],{"class":54},[44,26431,13385],{"class":50},[44,26433,116],{"class":115},[44,26435,26376],{"class":119},[44,26437,123],{"class":115},[44,26439,112],{"class":58},[44,26441,15399],{"class":62},[44,26443,112],{"class":58},[44,26445,129],{"class":115},[44,26447,59],{"class":58},[44,26449,26450],{"class":62},"Not found",[44,26452,112],{"class":58},[44,26454,135],{"class":115},[44,26456,26457,26459,26461,26463,26465],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,26458,142],{"class":141},[44,26460,123],{"class":115},[44,26462,15399],{"class":119},[44,26464,3784],{"class":115},[44,26466,26467],{"class":3787},"       # Not found\n",[20,26469,189,26470,26473,26474,26477,26478,26480],{},[15,26471,26472],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26475,26476],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26479,19825],{}," when the key might not exist.",[30,26482,3802,26484,3805],{"id":26483},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26485,12709],{},[20,26487,26488,790],{},[15,26489,12709],{},[218,26491,26492,26495,26498,26501],{},[221,26493,26494],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[221,26496,26497],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[221,26499,26500],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[221,26502,26503],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26505,238],{},[35,26507,26509],{"className":37,"code":26508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26510,26511,26551,26555,26578,26582,26596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26512,26513,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26514,11628],{"class":50},[44,26516,55],{"class":54},[44,26518,10629],{"class":115},[44,26520,112],{"class":58},[44,26522,126],{"class":62},[44,26524,112],{"class":58},[44,26526,790],{"class":115},[44,26528,59],{"class":58},[44,26530,13359],{"class":62},[44,26532,112],{"class":58},[44,26534,129],{"class":115},[44,26536,59],{"class":58},[44,26538,10547],{"class":62},[44,26540,112],{"class":58},[44,26542,790],{"class":115},[44,26544,59],{"class":58},[44,26546,10554],{"class":62},[44,26548,112],{"class":58},[44,26550,9447],{"class":115},[44,26552,26553],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26554,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,26556,26557,26560,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,26558,26559],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,26561,55],{"class":54},[44,26563,11710],{"class":50},[44,26565,116],{"class":115},[44,26567,26376],{"class":119},[44,26569,123],{"class":115},[44,26571,112],{"class":58},[44,26573,10547],{"class":62},[44,26575,112],{"class":58},[44,26577,135],{"class":115},[44,26579,26580],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,26581,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,26583,26584,26586,26588,26591,26593],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,26585,142],{"class":141},[44,26587,123],{"class":115},[44,26589,26590],{"class":119},"removed_city",[44,26592,3784],{"class":115},[44,26594,26595],{"class":3787},"  # Paris\n",[44,26597,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,26599,142],{"class":141},[44,26601,123],{"class":115},[44,26603,11721],{"class":119},[44,26605,3784],{"class":115},[44,26607,26608],{"class":3787},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26610,20908,26611,26614,26615,116],{},[15,26612,26613],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26616,26617],{},"\"Paris\"",[30,26619,351],{"id":350},[20,26621,26622],{},"There are two common forms:",[35,26624,26626],{"className":37,"code":26625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26627,26628,26642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26629,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26631,11589],{"class":50},[44,26633,116],{"class":115},[44,26635,26376],{"class":119},[44,26637,123],{"class":115},[44,26639,14979],{"class":119},[44,26641,135],{"class":115},[44,26643,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26659],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26645,11589],{"class":50},[44,26647,116],{"class":115},[44,26649,26376],{"class":119},[44,26651,123],{"class":115},[44,26653,14979],{"class":119},[44,26655,129],{"class":115},[44,26657,26658],{"class":119}," default",[44,26660,135],{"class":115},[218,26662,26663,26669,26677,26683],{},[221,26664,26665,26668],{},[15,26666,26667],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[221,26670,26671,26673,26674,26676],{},[15,26672,26667],{}," raises ",[15,26675,19825],{}," if the key is missing",[221,26678,26679,26682],{},[15,26680,26681],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[221,26684,26685],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26687,238],{},[35,26689,26691],{"className":37,"code":26690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26692,26693,26725,26729,26754,26782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26694,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711,26713,26715,26717,26719,26721,26723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26696,5195],{"class":50},[44,26698,55],{"class":54},[44,26700,10629],{"class":115},[44,26702,112],{"class":58},[44,26704,18554],{"class":62},[44,26706,112],{"class":58},[44,26708,790],{"class":115},[44,26710,20035],{"class":77},[44,26712,129],{"class":115},[44,26714,59],{"class":58},[44,26716,18563],{"class":62},[44,26718,112],{"class":58},[44,26720,790],{"class":115},[44,26722,13645],{"class":77},[44,26724,9447],{"class":115},[44,26726,26727],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26728,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,26730,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749,26751],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,26732,142],{"class":141},[44,26734,123],{"class":115},[44,26736,16526],{"class":119},[44,26738,116],{"class":115},[44,26740,26376],{"class":119},[44,26742,123],{"class":115},[44,26744,112],{"class":58},[44,26746,18554],{"class":62},[44,26748,112],{"class":58},[44,26750,5495],{"class":115},[44,26752,26753],{"class":3787},"         # 90\n",[44,26755,26756,26758,26760,26762,26764,26766,26768,26770,26772,26774,26776,26778,26780],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,26757,142],{"class":141},[44,26759,123],{"class":115},[44,26761,16526],{"class":119},[44,26763,116],{"class":115},[44,26765,26376],{"class":119},[44,26767,123],{"class":115},[44,26769,112],{"class":58},[44,26771,18572],{"class":62},[44,26773,112],{"class":58},[44,26775,129],{"class":115},[44,26777,3959],{"class":77},[44,26779,5495],{"class":115},[44,26781,20905],{"class":3787},[44,26783,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,26785,142],{"class":141},[44,26787,123],{"class":115},[44,26789,16526],{"class":119},[44,26791,3784],{"class":115},[44,26793,26794],{"class":3787},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,26796,1219],{"id":1218},[20,26798,26799,14191,26801,26803],{},[15,26800,12902],{},[153,26802,4761],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26805,26806],{},"Instead, it returns:",[218,26808,26809,26812],{},[221,26810,26811],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[221,26813,26814],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26816,238],{},[35,26818,26820],{"className":37,"code":26819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26821,26822,26854,26858,26881,26913,26917,26931,26945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26823,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834,26836,26838,26840,26842,26844,26846,26848,26850,26852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26825,9306],{"class":50},[44,26827,55],{"class":54},[44,26829,10629],{"class":115},[44,26831,112],{"class":58},[44,26833,200],{"class":62},[44,26835,112],{"class":58},[44,26837,790],{"class":115},[44,26839,6140],{"class":77},[44,26841,129],{"class":115},[44,26843,59],{"class":58},[44,26845,4891],{"class":62},[44,26847,112],{"class":58},[44,26849,790],{"class":115},[44,26851,7928],{"class":77},[44,26853,9447],{"class":115},[44,26855,26856],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,26857,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,26859,26860,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,26861,26862],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,26864,55],{"class":54},[44,26866,14704],{"class":50},[44,26868,116],{"class":115},[44,26870,26376],{"class":119},[44,26872,123],{"class":115},[44,26874,112],{"class":58},[44,26876,200],{"class":62},[44,26878,112],{"class":58},[44,26880,135],{"class":115},[44,26882,26883,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906,26909,26911],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,26884,26885],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,26887,55],{"class":54},[44,26889,14704],{"class":50},[44,26891,116],{"class":115},[44,26893,26376],{"class":119},[44,26895,123],{"class":115},[44,26897,112],{"class":58},[44,26899,9878],{"class":62},[44,26901,112],{"class":58},[44,26903,129],{"class":115},[44,26905,59],{"class":58},[44,26907,26908],{"class":62},"missing",[44,26910,112],{"class":58},[44,26912,135],{"class":115},[44,26914,26915],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,26916,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,26918,26919,26921,26923,26926,26928],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,26920,142],{"class":141},[44,26922,123],{"class":115},[44,26924,26925],{"class":119},"result1",[44,26927,3784],{"class":115},[44,26929,26930],{"class":3787},"  # 10\n",[44,26932,26933,26935,26937,26940,26942],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,26934,142],{"class":141},[44,26936,123],{"class":115},[44,26938,26939],{"class":119},"result2",[44,26941,3784],{"class":115},[44,26943,26944],{"class":3787},"  # missing\n",[44,26946,26947,26949,26951,26953,26955],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,26948,142],{"class":141},[44,26950,123],{"class":115},[44,26952,9343],{"class":119},[44,26954,3784],{"class":115},[44,26956,26957],{"class":3787},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26959,26960,26961,6768],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[200,26962,26963],{"href":10875},[15,26964,26965],{},"dict.get()",[30,26967,5092,26969],{"id":26968},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26970,12902],{},[20,26972,189,26973,10740],{},[15,26974,12902],{},[218,26976,26977,26980,26983],{},[221,26978,26979],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[221,26981,26982],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[221,26984,26985],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26987,238],{},[35,26989,26991],{"className":37,"code":26990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26992,26993,27045,27049,27076,27080,27104,27108,27122,27136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26994,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27029,27031,27033,27036,27038,27040,27043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26996,25259],{"class":50},[44,26998,55],{"class":54},[44,27000,10629],{"class":115},[44,27002,112],{"class":58},[44,27004,126],{"class":62},[44,27006,112],{"class":58},[44,27008,790],{"class":115},[44,27010,59],{"class":58},[44,27012,27013],{"class":62},"Laptop",[44,27015,112],{"class":58},[44,27017,129],{"class":115},[44,27019,59],{"class":58},[44,27021,1089],{"class":62},[44,27023,112],{"class":58},[44,27025,790],{"class":115},[44,27027,27028],{"class":77}," 1200",[44,27030,129],{"class":115},[44,27032,59],{"class":58},[44,27034,27035],{"class":62},"discount",[44,27037,112],{"class":58},[44,27039,790],{"class":115},[44,27041,27042],{"class":77}," 200",[44,27044,9447],{"class":115},[44,27046,27047],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27048,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27050,27051,27054,27056,27058,27060,27062,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,27052,27053],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,27055,55],{"class":54},[44,27057,25336],{"class":50},[44,27059,116],{"class":115},[44,27061,26376],{"class":119},[44,27063,123],{"class":115},[44,27065,112],{"class":58},[44,27067,27035],{"class":62},[44,27069,112],{"class":58},[44,27071,129],{"class":115},[44,27073,3959],{"class":77},[44,27075,135],{"class":115},[44,27077,27078],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,27079,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27081,27082,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095,27097,27099,27101],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,27083,27084],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,27086,55],{"class":54},[44,27088,25336],{"class":50},[44,27090,4027],{"class":115},[44,27092,112],{"class":58},[44,27094,1089],{"class":62},[44,27096,112],{"class":58},[44,27098,13411],{"class":115},[44,27100,2343],{"class":54},[44,27102,27103],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,27105,27106],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,27107,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27109,27110,27112,27114,27117,27119],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,27111,142],{"class":141},[44,27113,123],{"class":115},[44,27115,27116],{"class":119},"discount_amount",[44,27118,3784],{"class":115},[44,27120,27121],{"class":3787},"  # 200\n",[44,27123,27124,27126,27128,27131,27133],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,27125,142],{"class":141},[44,27127,123],{"class":115},[44,27129,27130],{"class":119},"final_price",[44,27132,3784],{"class":115},[44,27134,27135],{"class":3787},"      # 1000\n",[44,27137,27138,27140,27142,27145,27147],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,27139,142],{"class":141},[44,27141,123],{"class":115},[44,27143,27144],{"class":119},"product",[44,27146,3784],{"class":115},[44,27148,27149],{"class":3787},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27151,27152],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[30,27154,27156,10724,27158],{"id":27155},"pop-vs-del",[15,27157,12902],{},[15,27159,27160],{},"del",[20,27162,10729,27163,536,27165,27167],{},[15,27164,12902],{},[15,27166,27160],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1474,27169,189,27171,27173],{"id":27170},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27172,12902],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,27175,27177],{"className":37,"code":27176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27178,27179,27215,27219,27241,27245,27258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27180,27181,27183,27185,27187,27189,27191,27193,27195,27197,27199,27201,27203,27205,27207,27209,27211,27213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27182,13342],{"class":50},[44,27184,55],{"class":54},[44,27186,10629],{"class":115},[44,27188,112],{"class":58},[44,27190,126],{"class":62},[44,27192,112],{"class":58},[44,27194,790],{"class":115},[44,27196,59],{"class":58},[44,27198,833],{"class":62},[44,27200,112],{"class":58},[44,27202,129],{"class":115},[44,27204,59],{"class":58},[44,27206,9437],{"class":62},[44,27208,112],{"class":58},[44,27210,790],{"class":115},[44,27212,9444],{"class":77},[44,27214,9447],{"class":115},[44,27216,27217],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27218,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27220,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,27222,72],{"class":50},[44,27224,55],{"class":54},[44,27226,13385],{"class":50},[44,27228,116],{"class":115},[44,27230,26376],{"class":119},[44,27232,123],{"class":115},[44,27234,112],{"class":58},[44,27236,9437],{"class":62},[44,27238,112],{"class":58},[44,27240,135],{"class":115},[44,27242,27243],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,27244,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27246,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,27248,142],{"class":141},[44,27250,123],{"class":115},[44,27252,9437],{"class":119},[44,27254,3784],{"class":115},[44,27256,27257],{"class":3787},"     # 25\n",[44,27259,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,27261,142],{"class":141},[44,27263,123],{"class":115},[44,27265,17445],{"class":119},[44,27267,3784],{"class":115},[44,27269,27270],{"class":3787},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1474,27272,189,27274,27276],{"id":27273},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27275,27160],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,27278,27280],{"className":37,"code":27279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27281,27282,27318,27322,27338,27342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27283,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298,27300,27302,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27285,13342],{"class":50},[44,27287,55],{"class":54},[44,27289,10629],{"class":115},[44,27291,112],{"class":58},[44,27293,126],{"class":62},[44,27295,112],{"class":58},[44,27297,790],{"class":115},[44,27299,59],{"class":58},[44,27301,833],{"class":62},[44,27303,112],{"class":58},[44,27305,129],{"class":115},[44,27307,59],{"class":58},[44,27309,9437],{"class":62},[44,27311,112],{"class":58},[44,27313,790],{"class":115},[44,27315,9444],{"class":77},[44,27317,9447],{"class":115},[44,27319,27320],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27321,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27323,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,27325,27160],{"class":4003},[44,27327,13385],{"class":50},[44,27329,4027],{"class":115},[44,27331,112],{"class":58},[44,27333,9437],{"class":62},[44,27335,112],{"class":58},[44,27337,3757],{"class":115},[44,27339,27340],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,27341,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27343,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,27345,142],{"class":141},[44,27347,123],{"class":115},[44,27349,17445],{"class":119},[44,27351,3784],{"class":115},[44,27353,27270],{"class":3787},[20,27355,27356],{},"Difference:",[218,27358,27359,27364],{},[221,27360,27361,27363],{},[15,27362,12902],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[221,27365,27366,27368],{},[15,27367,27160],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27370,27371,27372,116],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[200,27373,12714],{"href":12713},[30,27375,27377,27378],{"id":27376},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27379,19825],{},[20,27381,27382],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1474,27384,27386],{"id":27385},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,27388,27390],{"className":37,"code":27389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27391,27392,27417,27421,27447,27451,27463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27393,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404,27406,27408,27410,27413,27415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27395,11864],{"class":50},[44,27397,55],{"class":54},[44,27399,10629],{"class":115},[44,27401,112],{"class":58},[44,27403,126],{"class":62},[44,27405,112],{"class":58},[44,27407,790],{"class":115},[44,27409,59],{"class":58},[44,27411,27412],{"class":62},"Sara",[44,27414,112],{"class":58},[44,27416,9447],{"class":115},[44,27418,27419],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27420,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27422,27423,27425,27427,27429,27431,27433,27435,27437,27439,27441,27443,27445],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,27424,2568],{"class":50},[44,27426,55],{"class":54},[44,27428,11906],{"class":50},[44,27430,116],{"class":115},[44,27432,26376],{"class":119},[44,27434,123],{"class":115},[44,27436,112],{"class":58},[44,27438,9437],{"class":62},[44,27440,112],{"class":58},[44,27442,129],{"class":115},[44,27444,3979],{"class":3978},[44,27446,135],{"class":115},[44,27448,27449],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,27450,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27452,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,27454,142],{"class":141},[44,27456,123],{"class":115},[44,27458,379],{"class":119},[44,27460,3784],{"class":115},[44,27462,20698],{"class":3787},[44,27464,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,27466,142],{"class":141},[44,27468,123],{"class":115},[44,27470,11589],{"class":119},[44,27472,3784],{"class":115},[44,27474,27475],{"class":3787}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27477,27478],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1474,27480,27482],{"id":27481},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,27484,27486],{"className":37,"code":27485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27487,27488,27512,27516,27532,27555,27565,27572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27489,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27491,11864],{"class":50},[44,27493,55],{"class":54},[44,27495,10629],{"class":115},[44,27497,112],{"class":58},[44,27499,126],{"class":62},[44,27501,112],{"class":58},[44,27503,790],{"class":115},[44,27505,59],{"class":58},[44,27507,27412],{"class":62},[44,27509,112],{"class":58},[44,27511,9447],{"class":115},[44,27513,27514],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27515,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27517,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526,27528,27530],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,27519,7135],{"class":4003},[44,27521,59],{"class":58},[44,27523,9437],{"class":62},[44,27525,112],{"class":58},[44,27527,21311],{"class":54},[44,27529,11906],{"class":50},[44,27531,6530],{"class":115},[44,27533,27534,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,27535,27536],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,27538,55],{"class":54},[44,27540,11906],{"class":50},[44,27542,116],{"class":115},[44,27544,26376],{"class":119},[44,27546,123],{"class":115},[44,27548,112],{"class":58},[44,27550,9437],{"class":62},[44,27552,112],{"class":58},[44,27554,135],{"class":115},[44,27556,27557,27559,27561,27563],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,27558,8206],{"class":141},[44,27560,123],{"class":115},[44,27562,379],{"class":119},[44,27564,135],{"class":115},[44,27566,27567,27570],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,27568,27569],{"class":4003},"else",[44,27571,6530],{"class":115},[44,27573,27574,27576,27578,27580,27583,27585],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,27575,8206],{"class":141},[44,27577,123],{"class":115},[44,27579,112],{"class":58},[44,27581,27582],{"class":62},"Key not found",[44,27584,112],{"class":58},[44,27586,135],{"class":115},[1474,27588,27590,27591,27593],{"id":27589},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27592,10879],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,27595,27597],{"className":37,"code":27596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27598,27599,27623,27627,27653,27657,27669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27600,27601,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611,27613,27615,27617,27619,27621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27602,11864],{"class":50},[44,27604,55],{"class":54},[44,27606,10629],{"class":115},[44,27608,112],{"class":58},[44,27610,126],{"class":62},[44,27612,112],{"class":58},[44,27614,790],{"class":115},[44,27616,59],{"class":58},[44,27618,27412],{"class":62},[44,27620,112],{"class":58},[44,27622,9447],{"class":115},[44,27624,27625],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27626,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27628,27629,27631,27633,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649,27651],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,27630,2568],{"class":50},[44,27632,55],{"class":54},[44,27634,11906],{"class":50},[44,27636,116],{"class":115},[44,27638,19888],{"class":119},[44,27640,123],{"class":115},[44,27642,112],{"class":58},[44,27644,9437],{"class":62},[44,27646,112],{"class":58},[44,27648,129],{"class":115},[44,27650,3979],{"class":3978},[44,27652,135],{"class":115},[44,27654,27655],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,27656,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,27660,142],{"class":141},[44,27662,123],{"class":115},[44,27664,379],{"class":119},[44,27666,3784],{"class":115},[44,27668,20698],{"class":3787},[44,27670,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,27672,142],{"class":141},[44,27674,123],{"class":115},[44,27676,11589],{"class":119},[44,27678,3784],{"class":115},[44,27680,27475],{"class":3787},[20,27682,189,27683,27687,27688,116],{},[200,27684,27685],{"href":10875},[15,27686,26965],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[200,27689,11403],{"href":11214},[30,27691,4648],{"id":4647},[20,27693,27694,27695,116],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27696,12709],{},[1474,27698,25909,27700,27702],{"id":27699},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27701,12902],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27704,27705],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,27707,27709],{"className":37,"code":27708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27710,27711,27731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27712,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27714,3739],{"class":50},[44,27716,55],{"class":54},[44,27718,3744],{"class":115},[44,27720,2451],{"class":77},[44,27722,129],{"class":115},[44,27724,7928],{"class":77},[44,27726,129],{"class":115},[44,27728,7933],{"class":77},[44,27730,3757],{"class":115},[44,27732,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27734,142],{"class":141},[44,27736,123],{"class":115},[44,27738,3771],{"class":119},[44,27740,116],{"class":115},[44,27742,26376],{"class":119},[44,27744,123],{"class":115},[44,27746,3111],{"class":77},[44,27748,5495],{"class":115},[44,27750,27751],{"class":3787},"  # 20\n",[20,27753,27754],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,27756,27758],{"className":37,"code":27757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27759,27760,27796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27761,27762,27764,27766,27768,27770,27772,27774,27776,27778,27780,27782,27784,27786,27788,27790,27792,27794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27763,13342],{"class":50},[44,27765,55],{"class":54},[44,27767,10629],{"class":115},[44,27769,112],{"class":58},[44,27771,126],{"class":62},[44,27773,112],{"class":58},[44,27775,790],{"class":115},[44,27777,59],{"class":58},[44,27779,833],{"class":62},[44,27781,112],{"class":58},[44,27783,129],{"class":115},[44,27785,59],{"class":58},[44,27787,9437],{"class":62},[44,27789,112],{"class":58},[44,27791,790],{"class":115},[44,27793,9444],{"class":77},[44,27795,9447],{"class":115},[44,27797,27798,27800,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27799,142],{"class":141},[44,27801,123],{"class":115},[44,27803,17445],{"class":119},[44,27805,116],{"class":115},[44,27807,26376],{"class":119},[44,27809,123],{"class":115},[44,27811,112],{"class":58},[44,27813,9437],{"class":62},[44,27815,112],{"class":58},[44,27817,5495],{"class":115},[44,27819,27820],{"class":3787},"  # 25\n",[20,27822,27823,27824,27826,27827,27829],{},"A dictionary does ",[153,27825,4761],{}," use positions with ",[15,27828,12902],{},". It uses keys.",[1474,27831,1838,27833,27835],{"id":27832},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27834,12902],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,27837,27839],{"className":37,"code":27838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27840,27841,27873,27877,27899,27903,27916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27842,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869,27871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27844,9306],{"class":50},[44,27846,55],{"class":54},[44,27848,10629],{"class":115},[44,27850,112],{"class":58},[44,27852,2294],{"class":62},[44,27854,112],{"class":58},[44,27856,790],{"class":115},[44,27858,5632],{"class":77},[44,27860,129],{"class":115},[44,27862,59],{"class":58},[44,27864,11885],{"class":62},[44,27866,112],{"class":58},[44,27868,790],{"class":115},[44,27870,3116],{"class":77},[44,27872,9447],{"class":115},[44,27874,27875],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27876,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27878,27879,27881,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893,27895,27897],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,27880,2568],{"class":50},[44,27882,55],{"class":54},[44,27884,14704],{"class":50},[44,27886,116],{"class":115},[44,27888,26376],{"class":119},[44,27890,123],{"class":115},[44,27892,112],{"class":58},[44,27894,2294],{"class":62},[44,27896,112],{"class":58},[44,27898,135],{"class":115},[44,27900,27901],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,27902,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27904,27905,27907,27909,27911,27913],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,27906,142],{"class":141},[44,27908,123],{"class":115},[44,27910,379],{"class":119},[44,27912,3784],{"class":115},[44,27914,27915],{"class":3787},"  # 1\n",[44,27917,27918,27920,27922,27924,27926],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,27919,142],{"class":141},[44,27921,123],{"class":115},[44,27923,9343],{"class":119},[44,27925,3784],{"class":115},[44,27927,27928],{"class":3787},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27930,27931,27932,27934],{},"After ",[15,27933,12902],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1474,27936,8556,27938,27940],{"id":27937},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27939,12902],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,27942,27944],{"className":37,"code":27943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27945,27946,27970,27974,27979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27947,27948,27950,27952,27954,27956,27958,27960,27962,27964,27966,27968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27949,9306],{"class":50},[44,27951,55],{"class":54},[44,27953,10629],{"class":115},[44,27955,112],{"class":58},[44,27957,126],{"class":62},[44,27959,112],{"class":58},[44,27961,790],{"class":115},[44,27963,59],{"class":58},[44,27965,8059],{"class":62},[44,27967,112],{"class":58},[44,27969,9447],{"class":115},[44,27971,27972],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,27973,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,27975,27976],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,27977,27978],{"class":3787},"# This causes an error\n",[44,27980,27981],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,27982,27983],{"class":3787},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27985,27986],{},"Safer version:",[35,27988,27990],{"className":37,"code":27989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27991,27992,28016,28020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27993,27994,27996,27998,28000,28002,28004,28006,28008,28010,28012,28014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27995,9306],{"class":50},[44,27997,55],{"class":54},[44,27999,10629],{"class":115},[44,28001,112],{"class":58},[44,28003,126],{"class":62},[44,28005,112],{"class":58},[44,28007,790],{"class":115},[44,28009,59],{"class":58},[44,28011,8059],{"class":62},[44,28013,112],{"class":58},[44,28015,9447],{"class":115},[44,28017,28018],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28019,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,28021,28022,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,28023,142],{"class":141},[44,28025,123],{"class":115},[44,28027,9343],{"class":119},[44,28029,116],{"class":115},[44,28031,26376],{"class":119},[44,28033,123],{"class":115},[44,28035,112],{"class":58},[44,28037,9437],{"class":62},[44,28039,112],{"class":58},[44,28041,129],{"class":115},[44,28043,59],{"class":58},[44,28045,26908],{"class":62},[44,28047,112],{"class":58},[44,28049,5495],{"class":115},[44,28051,26944],{"class":3787},[1474,28053,1707,28055,28057],{"id":28054},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28056,12902],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,28059,28061],{"className":37,"code":28060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28062,28063,28095,28099,28121,28125,28137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28064,28065,28067,28069,28071,28073,28075,28077,28079,28081,28083,28085,28087,28089,28091,28093],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28066,9306],{"class":50},[44,28068,55],{"class":54},[44,28070,10629],{"class":115},[44,28072,112],{"class":58},[44,28074,200],{"class":62},[44,28076,112],{"class":58},[44,28078,790],{"class":115},[44,28080,5632],{"class":77},[44,28082,129],{"class":115},[44,28084,59],{"class":58},[44,28086,4891],{"class":62},[44,28088,112],{"class":58},[44,28090,790],{"class":115},[44,28092,3116],{"class":77},[44,28094,9447],{"class":115},[44,28096,28097],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28098,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,28100,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117,28119],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,28102,2351],{"class":50},[44,28104,55],{"class":54},[44,28106,14704],{"class":50},[44,28108,116],{"class":115},[44,28110,26376],{"class":119},[44,28112,123],{"class":115},[44,28114,112],{"class":58},[44,28116,200],{"class":62},[44,28118,112],{"class":58},[44,28120,135],{"class":115},[44,28122,28123],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,28124,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,28126,28127,28129,28131,28133,28135],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,28128,142],{"class":141},[44,28130,123],{"class":115},[44,28132,2386],{"class":119},[44,28134,3784],{"class":115},[44,28136,27915],{"class":3787},[44,28138,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,28140,142],{"class":141},[44,28142,123],{"class":115},[44,28144,9343],{"class":119},[44,28146,3784],{"class":115},[44,28148,28149],{"class":3787},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28151,28152],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[30,28154,28156],{"id":28155},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28158,28159,28160,28162],{},"Problems with ",[15,28161,12709],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[218,28164,28165,28168,28177,28180],{},[221,28166,28167],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[221,28169,28170,28171,28174,28175],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28172,28173],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28176,26472],{},[221,28178,28179],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[221,28181,28182,28183,11232,28185],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28184,3111],{},[15,28186,28187],{},"\"1\"",[20,28189,28190],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,28192,28194],{"className":37,"code":28193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28195,28196,28220,28224,28254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28197,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28199,9306],{"class":50},[44,28201,55],{"class":54},[44,28203,10629],{"class":115},[44,28205,112],{"class":58},[44,28207,3111],{"class":62},[44,28209,112],{"class":58},[44,28211,790],{"class":115},[44,28213,59],{"class":58},[44,28215,729],{"class":62},[44,28217,112],{"class":58},[44,28219,9447],{"class":115},[44,28221,28222],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28223,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,28225,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236,28238,28240,28242,28244,28247,28249,28251],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,28227,142],{"class":141},[44,28229,123],{"class":115},[44,28231,9343],{"class":119},[44,28233,116],{"class":115},[44,28235,26376],{"class":119},[44,28237,123],{"class":115},[44,28239,3111],{"class":77},[44,28241,129],{"class":115},[44,28243,59],{"class":58},[44,28245,28246],{"class":62},"not found",[44,28248,112],{"class":58},[44,28250,5495],{"class":115},[44,28252,28253],{"class":3787},"    # not found\n",[44,28255,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274,28276,28278,28280,28282,28284],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,28257,142],{"class":141},[44,28259,123],{"class":115},[44,28261,9343],{"class":119},[44,28263,116],{"class":115},[44,28265,26376],{"class":119},[44,28267,123],{"class":115},[44,28269,112],{"class":58},[44,28271,3111],{"class":62},[44,28273,112],{"class":58},[44,28275,129],{"class":115},[44,28277,59],{"class":58},[44,28279,28246],{"class":62},[44,28281,112],{"class":58},[44,28283,5495],{"class":115},[44,28285,28286],{"class":3787},"  # one\n",[20,28288,28289,536,28291,28293],{},[15,28290,3111],{},[15,28292,28187],{}," are different keys.",[30,28295,9012],{"id":9011},[20,28297,9015,28298,28300],{},[15,28299,12902],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,28302,28304],{"className":37,"code":28303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28305,28306,28316,28330,28348,28378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28307,28308,28310,28312,28314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28309,142],{"class":141},[44,28311,123],{"class":115},[44,28313,11589],{"class":119},[44,28315,135],{"class":115},[44,28317,28318,28320,28322,28324,28326,28328],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28319,142],{"class":141},[44,28321,123],{"class":115},[44,28323,11589],{"class":119},[44,28325,116],{"class":115},[44,28327,17061],{"class":119},[44,28329,7332],{"class":115},[44,28331,28332,28334,28336,28338,28340,28342,28344,28346],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,28333,142],{"class":141},[44,28335,123],{"class":115},[44,28337,1338],{"class":58},[44,28339,126],{"class":62},[44,28341,1338],{"class":58},[44,28343,21311],{"class":4003},[44,28345,11906],{"class":119},[44,28347,135],{"class":115},[44,28349,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28374,28376],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,28351,142],{"class":141},[44,28353,123],{"class":115},[44,28355,11589],{"class":119},[44,28357,116],{"class":115},[44,28359,26376],{"class":119},[44,28361,123],{"class":115},[44,28363,1338],{"class":58},[44,28365,126],{"class":62},[44,28367,1338],{"class":58},[44,28369,129],{"class":115},[44,28371,1332],{"class":58},[44,28373,26908],{"class":62},[44,28375,1338],{"class":58},[44,28377,567],{"class":115},[44,28379,28380,28382,28384,28386,28388,28390],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,28381,142],{"class":141},[44,28383,123],{"class":115},[44,28385,1297],{"class":1296},[44,28387,123],{"class":115},[44,28389,11589],{"class":119},[44,28391,567],{"class":115},[20,28393,21474],{},[218,28395,28396,28401,28406,28411,28417],{},[221,28397,28398,28400],{},[15,28399,12819],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[221,28402,28403,28405],{},[15,28404,21486],{}," shows all available keys",[221,28407,28408,28410],{},[15,28409,21492],{}," checks whether a key exists",[221,28412,28413,28416],{},[15,28414,28415],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[221,28418,28419,28421],{},[15,28420,12825],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28423,28424,28425,116],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[200,28426,9530],{"href":9529},[30,28428,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,28430,28432,28433,28435],{"id":28431},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28434,12902],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28437,28438],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1474,28440,28442],{"id":28441},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28444,28445,26673,28447,28449,28450,28452],{},[15,28446,26472],{},[15,28448,19825],{},". ",[15,28451,26476],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1474,28454,12844,28456,15034],{"id":28455},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28457,12902],{},[20,28459,28460],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1474,28462,28464,28465,28467],{"id":28463},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28466,12902],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28469,28470,28471,28473,28474,116],{},"Not with ",[15,28472,12709],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[200,28475,28476],{"href":12720},[15,28477,12909],{},[1474,28479,5312,28481,536,28483,1995],{"id":28480},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28482,10879],{},[15,28484,12902],{},[20,28486,28487,28489,28490,28492],{},[15,28488,10879],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28491,12902],{}," reads and removes it.",[30,28494,2019],{"id":2018},[218,28496,28497,28503,28510,28514,28518,28522],{},[221,28498,28499],{},[200,28500,28501],{"href":10875},[15,28502,19806],{},[221,28504,28505],{},[200,28506,28507],{"href":12720},[15,28508,28509],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[221,28511,28512],{},[200,28513,12926],{"href":12713},[221,28515,28516],{},[200,28517,21595],{"href":16734},[221,28519,28520],{},[200,28521,11403],{"href":11214},[221,28523,28524],{},[200,28525,28527],{"href":28526},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2048,28529,28530],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":28532},[28533,28534,28536,28537,28538,28540,28547,28554,28564,28565,28566,28577],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":26483,"depth":69,"text":28535},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":26968,"depth":69,"text":28539},"When to use pop()",{"id":27155,"depth":69,"text":28541,"children":28542},"pop() vs del",[28543,28545],{"id":27170,"depth":81,"text":28544},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27273,"depth":81,"text":28546},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27376,"depth":69,"text":28548,"children":28549},"How to avoid KeyError",[28550,28551,28552],{"id":27385,"depth":81,"text":27386},{"id":27481,"depth":81,"text":27482},{"id":27589,"depth":81,"text":28553},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":28555},[28556,28558,28560,28562],{"id":27699,"depth":81,"text":28557},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27832,"depth":81,"text":28559},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27937,"depth":81,"text":28561},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28054,"depth":81,"text":28563},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28155,"depth":69,"text":28156},{"id":9011,"depth":69,"text":9012},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":28567},[28568,28570,28571,28573,28575],{"id":28431,"depth":81,"text":28569},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28441,"depth":81,"text":28442},{"id":28455,"depth":81,"text":28572},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28463,"depth":81,"text":28574},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28480,"depth":81,"text":28576},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26304,"description":28578},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28585,"title":28509,"body":28586,"description":30526,"extension":2084,"meta":30527,"navigation":84,"path":30528,"seo":30529,"stem":30530,"__hash__":30531},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28587,"toc":30490},[28588,28593,28598,28601,28609,28619,28621,28710,28714,28763,28768,28773,28777,28793,28796,28798,28813,28815,28831,28838,28842,28848,28857,28859,28928,28932,28953,28956,28975,28978,29001,29003,29006,29121,29125,29184,29191,29195,29201,29326,29330,29380,29383,29387,29394,29396,29459,29463,29484,29487,29496,29511,29519,29526,29530,29542,29546,29557,29559,29705,29709,29768,29775,29780,29784,29790,29813,29818,29837,29841,29912,29919,29992,30001,30006,30011,30022,30025,30162,30167,30199,30204,30206,30210,30270,30273,30330,30333,30376,30378,30383,30389,30395,30398,30405,30413,30418,30421,30428,30436,30438,30487],[10,28589,11459,28591,18],{"id":28590},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28592,12909],{},[20,28594,213,28595,28597],{},[15,28596,12909],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28599,28600],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[218,28602,28603,28606],{},[221,28604,28605],{},"remove an item",[221,28607,28608],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28610,28611,28612,28614,28615,28618],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28613,12909],{}," removes the ",[153,28616,28617],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[30,28620,33],{"id":32},[35,28622,28624],{"className":37,"code":28623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28625,28626,28670,28686,28690,28700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28627,28628,28630,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658,28660,28662,28664,28666,28668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28629,9306],{"class":50},[44,28631,55],{"class":54},[44,28633,10629],{"class":115},[44,28635,112],{"class":58},[44,28637,200],{"class":62},[44,28639,112],{"class":58},[44,28641,790],{"class":115},[44,28643,5632],{"class":77},[44,28645,129],{"class":115},[44,28647,59],{"class":58},[44,28649,4891],{"class":62},[44,28651,112],{"class":58},[44,28653,790],{"class":115},[44,28655,3116],{"class":77},[44,28657,129],{"class":115},[44,28659,59],{"class":58},[44,28661,9878],{"class":62},[44,28663,112],{"class":58},[44,28665,790],{"class":115},[44,28667,2573],{"class":77},[44,28669,9447],{"class":115},[44,28671,28672,28675,28677,28679,28681,28684],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28673,28674],{"class":50},"item ",[44,28676,55],{"class":54},[44,28678,14704],{"class":50},[44,28680,116],{"class":115},[44,28682,28683],{"class":119},"popitem",[44,28685,8782],{"class":115},[44,28687,28688],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,28689,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,28691,28692,28694,28696,28698],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,28693,142],{"class":141},[44,28695,123],{"class":115},[44,28697,23446],{"class":119},[44,28699,135],{"class":115},[44,28701,28702,28704,28706,28708],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,28703,142],{"class":141},[44,28705,123],{"class":115},[44,28707,9343],{"class":119},[44,28709,135],{"class":115},[20,28711,28712],{},[153,28713,155],{},[35,28715,28717],{"className":37,"code":28716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28718,28719,28735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28720,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28722,123],{"class":115},[44,28724,1338],{"class":58},[44,28726,9878],{"class":62},[44,28728,1338],{"class":58},[44,28730,129],{"class":115},[44,28732,2573],{"class":77},[44,28734,135],{"class":115},[44,28736,28737,28739,28741,28743,28745,28747,28749,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759,28761],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28738,1072],{"class":115},[44,28740,1338],{"class":58},[44,28742,200],{"class":62},[44,28744,1338],{"class":58},[44,28746,790],{"class":115},[44,28748,5632],{"class":77},[44,28750,129],{"class":115},[44,28752,1332],{"class":58},[44,28754,4891],{"class":62},[44,28756,1338],{"class":58},[44,28758,790],{"class":115},[44,28760,3116],{"class":77},[44,28762,9447],{"class":115},[20,28764,28765,28767],{},[15,28766,12909],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[30,28769,3802,28771,3805],{"id":28770},"what-popitem-does",[15,28772,12909],{},[20,28774,28775,790],{},[15,28776,12909],{},[218,28778,28779,28782,28787,28790],{},[221,28780,28781],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[221,28783,28784,28785],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28786,21792],{},[221,28788,28789],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[221,28791,28792],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28794,28795],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[30,28797,351],{"id":350},[35,28799,28801],{"className":37,"code":28800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28802,28803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28804,28805,28807,28809,28811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28806,15742],{"class":50},[44,28808,116],{"class":115},[44,28810,28683],{"class":119},[44,28812,8782],{"class":115},[20,28814,11598],{},[218,28816,28817,28825,28828],{},[221,28818,28819,28821,28822],{},[15,28820,12909],{}," takes ",[153,28823,28824],{},"no arguments",[221,28826,28827],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[221,28829,28830],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28832,28833,28834,6768],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[200,28835,28836],{"href":12706},[15,28837,12902],{},[30,28839,28841],{"id":28840},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28843,28844,28845,28847],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28846,12909],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28849,28850,28851,28854],"ol",{},[221,28852,28853],{},"the key",[221,28855,28856],{},"the value",[20,28858,238],{},[35,28860,28862],{"className":37,"code":28861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28863,28864,28900,28914,28918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28865,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28867,13342],{"class":50},[44,28869,55],{"class":54},[44,28871,10629],{"class":115},[44,28873,112],{"class":58},[44,28875,126],{"class":62},[44,28877,112],{"class":58},[44,28879,790],{"class":115},[44,28881,59],{"class":58},[44,28883,5135],{"class":62},[44,28885,112],{"class":58},[44,28887,129],{"class":115},[44,28889,59],{"class":58},[44,28891,9437],{"class":62},[44,28893,112],{"class":58},[44,28895,790],{"class":115},[44,28897,9444],{"class":77},[44,28899,9447],{"class":115},[44,28901,28902,28904,28906,28908,28910,28912],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,28903,2351],{"class":50},[44,28905,55],{"class":54},[44,28907,13385],{"class":50},[44,28909,116],{"class":115},[44,28911,28683],{"class":119},[44,28913,8782],{"class":115},[44,28915,28916],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,28917,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,28919,28920,28922,28924,28926],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,28921,142],{"class":141},[44,28923,123],{"class":115},[44,28925,2386],{"class":119},[44,28927,135],{"class":115},[20,28929,28930],{},[153,28931,155],{},[35,28933,28935],{"className":37,"code":28934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28936,28937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28938,28939,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28940,123],{"class":115},[44,28942,1338],{"class":58},[44,28944,9437],{"class":62},[44,28946,1338],{"class":58},[44,28948,129],{"class":115},[44,28950,9444],{"class":77},[44,28952,135],{"class":115},[20,28954,28955],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,28957,28959],{"className":37,"code":28958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28960,28961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28962,28963,28965,28967,28969,28971,28973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28964,2351],{"class":50},[44,28966,55],{"class":54},[44,28968,13385],{"class":50},[44,28970,116],{"class":115},[44,28972,28683],{"class":119},[44,28974,8782],{"class":115},[20,28976,28977],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,28979,28981],{"className":37,"code":28980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28982,28983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28984,28985,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,28999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28986,14979],{"class":50},[44,28988,129],{"class":115},[44,28990,21722],{"class":50},[44,28992,55],{"class":54},[44,28994,13385],{"class":50},[44,28996,116],{"class":115},[44,28998,28683],{"class":119},[44,29000,8782],{"class":115},[30,29002,11615],{"id":11614},[20,29004,29005],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,29007,29009],{"className":37,"code":29008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,29010,29011,29059,29063,29078,29082,29102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29012,29013,29015,29017,29019,29021,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032,29034,29036,29038,29040,29043,29045,29047,29050,29052,29054,29057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29014,5195],{"class":50},[44,29016,55],{"class":54},[44,29018,10629],{"class":115},[44,29020,112],{"class":58},[44,29022,29023],{"class":62},"Tom",[44,29025,112],{"class":58},[44,29027,790],{"class":115},[44,29029,5207],{"class":77},[44,29031,129],{"class":115},[44,29033,59],{"class":58},[44,29035,833],{"class":62},[44,29037,112],{"class":58},[44,29039,790],{"class":115},[44,29041,29042],{"class":77}," 95",[44,29044,129],{"class":115},[44,29046,59],{"class":58},[44,29048,29049],{"class":62},"Leo",[44,29051,112],{"class":58},[44,29053,790],{"class":115},[44,29055,29056],{"class":77}," 88",[44,29058,9447],{"class":115},[44,29060,29061],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29062,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,29064,29065,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,29066,29067],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,29069,55],{"class":54},[44,29071,5242],{"class":50},[44,29073,116],{"class":115},[44,29075,28683],{"class":119},[44,29077,8782],{"class":115},[44,29079,29080],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,29081,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,29083,29084,29086,29088,29090,29093,29095,29097,29100],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,29085,142],{"class":141},[44,29087,123],{"class":115},[44,29089,112],{"class":58},[44,29091,29092],{"class":62},"Removed:",[44,29094,112],{"class":58},[44,29096,129],{"class":115},[44,29098,29099],{"class":119}," removed_pair",[44,29101,135],{"class":115},[44,29103,29104,29106,29108,29110,29113,29115,29117,29119],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,29105,142],{"class":141},[44,29107,123],{"class":115},[44,29109,112],{"class":58},[44,29111,29112],{"class":62},"After removal:",[44,29114,112],{"class":58},[44,29116,129],{"class":115},[44,29118,5242],{"class":119},[44,29120,135],{"class":115},[20,29122,29123],{},[153,29124,155],{},[35,29126,29128],{"className":37,"code":29127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29129,29130,29151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29131,29132,29135,29137,29139,29141,29143,29145,29147,29149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29133,29134],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,29136,790],{"class":115},[44,29138,9375],{"class":115},[44,29140,1338],{"class":58},[44,29142,29049],{"class":62},[44,29144,1338],{"class":58},[44,29146,129],{"class":115},[44,29148,29056],{"class":77},[44,29150,135],{"class":115},[44,29152,29153,29156,29158,29160,29162,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176,29178,29180,29182],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29154,29155],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,29157,790],{"class":115},[44,29159,10629],{"class":115},[44,29161,1338],{"class":58},[44,29163,29023],{"class":62},[44,29165,1338],{"class":58},[44,29167,790],{"class":115},[44,29169,5207],{"class":77},[44,29171,129],{"class":115},[44,29173,1332],{"class":58},[44,29175,833],{"class":62},[44,29177,1338],{"class":58},[44,29179,790],{"class":115},[44,29181,29042],{"class":77},[44,29183,9447],{"class":115},[20,29185,29186,29187,29190],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29188,29189],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[30,29192,29194],{"id":29193},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29196,29197,29198,29200],{},"Because ",[15,29199,12909],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,29202,29204],{"className":37,"code":29203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29205,29206,29242,29246,29265,29269,29288,29307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29207,29208,29210,29212,29214,29216,29218,29220,29222,29224,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29209,15585],{"class":50},[44,29211,55],{"class":54},[44,29213,10629],{"class":115},[44,29215,112],{"class":58},[44,29217,15596],{"class":62},[44,29219,112],{"class":58},[44,29221,790],{"class":115},[44,29223,59],{"class":58},[44,29225,15605],{"class":62},[44,29227,112],{"class":58},[44,29229,129],{"class":115},[44,29231,59],{"class":58},[44,29233,15616],{"class":62},[44,29235,112],{"class":58},[44,29237,790],{"class":115},[44,29239,27042],{"class":77},[44,29241,9447],{"class":115},[44,29243,29244],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29245,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,29247,29248,29250,29252,29254,29256,29259,29261,29263],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,29249,14979],{"class":50},[44,29251,129],{"class":115},[44,29253,21722],{"class":50},[44,29255,55],{"class":54},[44,29257,29258],{"class":50}," book",[44,29260,116],{"class":115},[44,29262,28683],{"class":119},[44,29264,8782],{"class":115},[44,29266,29267],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,29268,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,29270,29271,29273,29275,29277,29280,29282,29284,29286],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,29272,142],{"class":141},[44,29274,123],{"class":115},[44,29276,112],{"class":58},[44,29278,29279],{"class":62},"Key:",[44,29281,112],{"class":58},[44,29283,129],{"class":115},[44,29285,21717],{"class":119},[44,29287,135],{"class":115},[44,29289,29290,29292,29294,29296,29299,29301,29303,29305],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,29291,142],{"class":141},[44,29293,123],{"class":115},[44,29295,112],{"class":58},[44,29297,29298],{"class":62},"Value:",[44,29300,112],{"class":58},[44,29302,129],{"class":115},[44,29304,8572],{"class":119},[44,29306,135],{"class":115},[44,29308,29309,29311,29313,29315,29318,29320,29322,29324],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,29310,142],{"class":141},[44,29312,123],{"class":115},[44,29314,112],{"class":58},[44,29316,29317],{"class":62},"Dictionary:",[44,29319,112],{"class":58},[44,29321,129],{"class":115},[44,29323,29258],{"class":119},[44,29325,135],{"class":115},[20,29327,29328],{},[153,29329,155],{},[35,29331,29333],{"className":37,"code":29332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29334,29335,29345,29355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29336,29337,29340,29342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29338,29339],{"class":50},"Key",[44,29341,790],{"class":115},[44,29343,29344],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,29346,29347,29350,29352],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29348,29349],{"class":50},"Value",[44,29351,790],{"class":115},[44,29353,29354],{"class":77}," 200\n",[44,29356,29357,29360,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,29358,29359],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,29361,790],{"class":115},[44,29363,10629],{"class":115},[44,29365,1338],{"class":58},[44,29367,15596],{"class":62},[44,29369,1338],{"class":58},[44,29371,790],{"class":115},[44,29373,1332],{"class":58},[44,29375,15605],{"class":62},[44,29377,1338],{"class":58},[44,29379,9447],{"class":115},[20,29381,29382],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[30,29384,29386],{"id":29385},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29388,29389,29390,28614,29392,116],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29391,12909],{},[153,29393,28617],{},[20,29395,238],{},[35,29397,29399],{"className":37,"code":29398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29400,29401,29445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29402,29403,29405,29407,29409,29411,29413,29415,29417,29419,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441,29443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29404,9306],{"class":50},[44,29406,55],{"class":54},[44,29408,10629],{"class":115},[44,29410,112],{"class":58},[44,29412,2294],{"class":62},[44,29414,112],{"class":58},[44,29416,790],{"class":115},[44,29418,5632],{"class":77},[44,29420,129],{"class":115},[44,29422,59],{"class":58},[44,29424,11885],{"class":62},[44,29426,112],{"class":58},[44,29428,790],{"class":115},[44,29430,3116],{"class":77},[44,29432,129],{"class":115},[44,29434,59],{"class":58},[44,29436,22214],{"class":62},[44,29438,112],{"class":58},[44,29440,790],{"class":115},[44,29442,2573],{"class":77},[44,29444,9447],{"class":115},[44,29446,29447,29449,29451,29453,29455,29457],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29448,142],{"class":141},[44,29450,123],{"class":115},[44,29452,9343],{"class":119},[44,29454,116],{"class":115},[44,29456,28683],{"class":119},[44,29458,7332],{"class":115},[20,29460,29461],{},[153,29462,155],{},[35,29464,29466],{"className":37,"code":29465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29467,29468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29469,29470,29472,29474,29476,29478,29480,29482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29471,123],{"class":115},[44,29473,1338],{"class":58},[44,29475,22214],{"class":62},[44,29477,1338],{"class":58},[44,29479,129],{"class":115},[44,29481,2573],{"class":77},[44,29483,135],{"class":115},[20,29485,29486],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29488,29489,29490,29492,29493,29495],{},"As a beginner, do ",[153,29491,4761],{}," think of ",[15,29494,12909],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29497,29498,29499,2310,29503,17210,29507,116],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[200,29500,29501],{"href":17213},[15,29502,17216],{},[200,29504,29505],{"href":17200},[15,29506,17203],{},[200,29508,29509],{"href":17206},[15,29510,17209],{},[30,29512,29514,29515,536,29517],{"id":29513},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29516,12909],{},[15,29518,12902],{},[20,29520,29521,536,29523,29525],{},[15,29522,12909],{},[15,29524,12902],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1474,29527,29528],{"id":28683},[15,29529,12909],{},[218,29531,29532,29535,29538],{},[221,29533,29534],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[221,29536,29537],{},"does not need a key argument",[221,29539,3817,29540],{},[15,29541,21792],{},[1474,29543,29544],{"id":26376},[15,29545,12902],{},[218,29547,29548,29551,29554],{},[221,29549,29550],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[221,29552,29553],{},"needs the key name",[221,29555,29556],{},"returns only the value",[20,29558,238],{},[35,29560,29562],{"className":37,"code":29561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29563,29564,29608,29612,29626,29646,29650,29672,29691,29695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29565,29566,29568,29570,29572,29574,29576,29578,29580,29582,29584,29586,29588,29590,29592,29594,29596,29598,29600,29602,29604,29606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29567,9306],{"class":50},[44,29569,55],{"class":54},[44,29571,10629],{"class":115},[44,29573,112],{"class":58},[44,29575,200],{"class":62},[44,29577,112],{"class":58},[44,29579,790],{"class":115},[44,29581,5632],{"class":77},[44,29583,129],{"class":115},[44,29585,59],{"class":58},[44,29587,4891],{"class":62},[44,29589,112],{"class":58},[44,29591,790],{"class":115},[44,29593,3116],{"class":77},[44,29595,129],{"class":115},[44,29597,59],{"class":58},[44,29599,9878],{"class":62},[44,29601,112],{"class":58},[44,29603,790],{"class":115},[44,29605,2573],{"class":77},[44,29607,9447],{"class":115},[44,29609,29610],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29611,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,29613,29614,29616,29618,29620,29622,29624],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,29615,28674],{"class":50},[44,29617,55],{"class":54},[44,29619,14704],{"class":50},[44,29621,116],{"class":115},[44,29623,28683],{"class":119},[44,29625,8782],{"class":115},[44,29627,29628,29630,29632,29634,29637,29639,29641,29644],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,29629,142],{"class":141},[44,29631,123],{"class":115},[44,29633,112],{"class":58},[44,29635,29636],{"class":62},"popitem():",[44,29638,112],{"class":58},[44,29640,129],{"class":115},[44,29642,29643],{"class":119}," item",[44,29645,135],{"class":115},[44,29647,29648],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,29649,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,29651,29652,29654,29656,29658,29660,29662,29664,29666,29668,29670],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,29653,2568],{"class":50},[44,29655,55],{"class":54},[44,29657,14704],{"class":50},[44,29659,116],{"class":115},[44,29661,26376],{"class":119},[44,29663,123],{"class":115},[44,29665,112],{"class":58},[44,29667,200],{"class":62},[44,29669,112],{"class":58},[44,29671,135],{"class":115},[44,29673,29674,29676,29678,29680,29683,29685,29687,29689],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,29675,142],{"class":141},[44,29677,123],{"class":115},[44,29679,112],{"class":58},[44,29681,29682],{"class":62},"pop('a'):",[44,29684,112],{"class":58},[44,29686,129],{"class":115},[44,29688,8572],{"class":119},[44,29690,135],{"class":115},[44,29692,29693],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,29694,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,29696,29697,29699,29701,29703],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,29698,142],{"class":141},[44,29700,123],{"class":115},[44,29702,9343],{"class":119},[44,29704,135],{"class":115},[20,29706,29707],{},[153,29708,155],{},[35,29710,29712],{"className":37,"code":29711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29713,29714,29735,29752],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29715,29716,29718,29721,29723,29725,29727,29729,29731,29733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29717,28683],{"class":119},[44,29719,29720],{"class":115},"():",[44,29722,9375],{"class":115},[44,29724,1338],{"class":58},[44,29726,9878],{"class":62},[44,29728,1338],{"class":58},[44,29730,129],{"class":115},[44,29732,2573],{"class":77},[44,29734,135],{"class":115},[44,29736,29737,29739,29741,29743,29745,29747,29749],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29738,26376],{"class":119},[44,29740,123],{"class":115},[44,29742,1338],{"class":58},[44,29744,200],{"class":62},[44,29746,1338],{"class":58},[44,29748,16589],{"class":115},[44,29750,29751],{"class":77}," 1\n",[44,29753,29754,29756,29758,29760,29762,29764,29766],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,29755,1072],{"class":115},[44,29757,1338],{"class":58},[44,29759,4891],{"class":62},[44,29761,1338],{"class":58},[44,29763,790],{"class":115},[44,29765,3116],{"class":77},[44,29767,9447],{"class":115},[20,29769,189,29770,29774],{},[200,29771,29772],{"href":12706},[15,29773,12902],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29776,189,29777,29779],{},[15,29778,12909],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[30,29781,29783],{"id":29782},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29785,29786,29787,29789],{},"Calling ",[15,29788,12909],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,29791,29793],{"className":37,"code":29792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29794,29795,29803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29796,29797,29799,29801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29798,9306],{"class":50},[44,29800,55],{"class":54},[44,29802,338],{"class":115},[44,29804,29805,29807,29809,29811],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29806,9343],{"class":50},[44,29808,116],{"class":115},[44,29810,28683],{"class":119},[44,29812,8782],{"class":115},[20,29814,29815],{},[153,29816,29817],{},"Error:",[35,29819,29821],{"className":37,"code":29820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29822,29823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29824,29825,29827,29829,29831,29834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29826,19825],{"class":1296},[44,29828,790],{"class":115},[44,29830,1332],{"class":58},[44,29832,29833],{"class":62},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,29835,29836],{"class":58},"'\n",[1474,29838,29840],{"id":29839},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,29842,29844],{"className":37,"code":29843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29845,29846,29854,29858,29866,29881,29891,29897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29847,29848,29850,29852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29849,9306],{"class":50},[44,29851,55],{"class":54},[44,29853,338],{"class":115},[44,29855,29856],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29857,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,29859,29860,29862,29864],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,29861,7135],{"class":4003},[44,29863,14704],{"class":50},[44,29865,6530],{"class":115},[44,29867,29868,29871,29873,29875,29877,29879],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,29869,29870],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,29872,55],{"class":54},[44,29874,14704],{"class":50},[44,29876,116],{"class":115},[44,29878,28683],{"class":119},[44,29880,8782],{"class":115},[44,29882,29883,29885,29887,29889],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,29884,8206],{"class":141},[44,29886,123],{"class":115},[44,29888,23446],{"class":119},[44,29890,135],{"class":115},[44,29892,29893,29895],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,29894,27569],{"class":4003},[44,29896,6530],{"class":115},[44,29898,29899,29901,29903,29905,29908,29910],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,29900,8206],{"class":141},[44,29902,123],{"class":115},[44,29904,112],{"class":58},[44,29906,29907],{"class":62},"Dictionary is empty",[44,29909,112],{"class":58},[44,29911,135],{"class":115},[1474,29913,29915,29916],{"id":29914},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29917,29918],{},"try-except",[35,29920,29922],{"className":37,"code":29921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29923,29924,29932,29936,29943,29957,29967,29977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29925,29926,29928,29930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29927,9306],{"class":50},[44,29929,55],{"class":54},[44,29931,338],{"class":115},[44,29933,29934],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,29935,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,29937,29938,29941],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,29939,29940],{"class":4003},"try",[44,29942,6530],{"class":115},[44,29944,29945,29947,29949,29951,29953,29955],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,29946,29870],{"class":50},[44,29948,55],{"class":54},[44,29950,14704],{"class":50},[44,29952,116],{"class":115},[44,29954,28683],{"class":119},[44,29956,8782],{"class":115},[44,29958,29959,29961,29963,29965],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,29960,8206],{"class":141},[44,29962,123],{"class":115},[44,29964,23446],{"class":119},[44,29966,135],{"class":115},[44,29968,29969,29972,29975],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,29970,29971],{"class":4003},"except",[44,29973,29974],{"class":1296}," KeyError",[44,29976,6530],{"class":115},[44,29978,29979,29981,29983,29985,29988,29990],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,29980,8206],{"class":141},[44,29982,123],{"class":115},[44,29984,112],{"class":58},[44,29986,29987],{"class":62},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,29989,112],{"class":58},[44,29991,135],{"class":115},[20,29993,29994,29995,116],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[200,29996,25814,29998],{"href":29997},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29999,30000],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[30,30002,5092,30004],{"id":30003},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,30005,12909],{},[20,30007,30008,30010],{},[15,30009,12909],{}," is useful when:",[218,30012,30013,30016,30019],{},[221,30014,30015],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[221,30017,30018],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[221,30020,30021],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,30023,30024],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,30026,30028],{"className":37,"code":30027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,30029,30030,30039,30059,30079,30097,30101,30105,30115,30134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30031,30032,30035,30037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30033,30034],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,30036,55],{"class":54},[44,30038,11633],{"class":115},[44,30040,30041,30043,30046,30048,30050,30052,30055,30057],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30042,11638],{"class":58},[44,30044,30045],{"class":62},"first",[44,30047,112],{"class":58},[44,30049,790],{"class":115},[44,30051,59],{"class":58},[44,30053,30054],{"class":62},"wash dishes",[44,30056,112],{"class":58},[44,30058,11653],{"class":115},[44,30060,30061,30063,30066,30068,30070,30072,30075,30077],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,30062,11638],{"class":58},[44,30064,30065],{"class":62},"second",[44,30067,112],{"class":58},[44,30069,790],{"class":115},[44,30071,59],{"class":58},[44,30073,30074],{"class":62},"do homework",[44,30076,112],{"class":58},[44,30078,11653],{"class":115},[44,30080,30081,30083,30086,30088,30090,30092,30095],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,30082,11638],{"class":58},[44,30084,30085],{"class":62},"third",[44,30087,112],{"class":58},[44,30089,790],{"class":115},[44,30091,59],{"class":58},[44,30093,30094],{"class":62},"read book",[44,30096,66],{"class":58},[44,30098,30099],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,30100,9447],{"class":115},[44,30102,30103],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,30104,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,30106,30107,30110,30113],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,30108,30109],{"class":4003},"while",[44,30111,30112],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,30114,6530],{"class":115},[44,30116,30117,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,30118,30119],{"class":50},"    key",[44,30121,129],{"class":115},[44,30123,21722],{"class":50},[44,30125,55],{"class":54},[44,30127,30112],{"class":50},[44,30129,116],{"class":115},[44,30131,28683],{"class":119},[44,30133,8782],{"class":115},[44,30135,30136,30138,30140,30142,30144,30146,30148,30150,30152,30154,30156,30158,30160],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,30137,8206],{"class":141},[44,30139,123],{"class":115},[44,30141,1436],{"class":1075},[44,30143,112],{"class":62},[44,30145,1072],{"class":77},[44,30147,14979],{"class":119},[44,30149,1078],{"class":77},[44,30151,22441],{"class":62},[44,30153,1072],{"class":77},[44,30155,379],{"class":119},[44,30157,1078],{"class":77},[44,30159,112],{"class":62},[44,30161,135],{"class":115},[20,30163,30164],{},[153,30165,30166],{},"Possible output:",[35,30168,30170],{"className":37,"code":30169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30171,30172,30181,30190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30173,30174,30176,30178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30175,30085],{"class":50},[44,30177,790],{"class":115},[44,30179,30180],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,30182,30183,30185,30187],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30184,30065],{"class":50},[44,30186,790],{"class":115},[44,30188,30189],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,30191,30192,30194,30196],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,30193,30045],{"class":50},[44,30195,790],{"class":115},[44,30197,30198],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,30200,29197,30201,30203],{},[15,30202,12909],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[30,30205,1467],{"id":1466},[20,30207,14871,30208,790],{},[15,30209,12909],{},[218,30211,30212,30226,30245,30256],{},[221,30213,30214,30219],{},[153,30215,29786,30216,30218],{},[15,30217,12909],{}," on an empty dictionary",[218,30220,30221],{},[221,30222,30223,30224,116],{},"This raises ",[15,30225,19825],{},[221,30227,30228,30233],{},[153,30229,1707,30230,30232],{},[15,30231,12909],{}," to remove a specific key",[218,30234,30235,30238],{},[221,30236,30237],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[221,30239,189,30240,30244],{},[200,30241,30242],{"href":12706},[15,30243,12902],{}," if you need that.",[221,30246,30247,30251],{},[153,30248,1838,30249,27835],{},[15,30250,12909],{},[218,30252,30253],{},[221,30254,30255],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[221,30257,30258,30261],{},[153,30259,30260],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[218,30262,30263],{},[221,30264,30265,22112,30267,30269],{},[15,30266,12909],{},[15,30268,21792],{}," tuple.",[20,30271,30272],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,30274,30276],{"className":37,"code":30275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30277,30278,30288,30302,30306,30320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30279,30280,30282,30284,30286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30281,142],{"class":141},[44,30283,123],{"class":115},[44,30285,11589],{"class":119},[44,30287,135],{"class":115},[44,30289,30290,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30291,142],{"class":141},[44,30293,123],{"class":115},[44,30295,11302],{"class":141},[44,30297,123],{"class":115},[44,30299,11589],{"class":119},[44,30301,567],{"class":115},[44,30303,30304],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,30305,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,30307,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,30309,28674],{"class":50},[44,30311,55],{"class":54},[44,30313,11906],{"class":50},[44,30315,116],{"class":115},[44,30317,28683],{"class":119},[44,30319,8782],{"class":115},[44,30321,30322,30324,30326,30328],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,30323,142],{"class":141},[44,30325,123],{"class":115},[44,30327,23446],{"class":119},[44,30329,135],{"class":115},[20,30331,30332],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,30334,30336],{"className":37,"code":30335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30337,30338,30356,30366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30339,30340,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30352,30354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30341,14979],{"class":50},[44,30343,129],{"class":115},[44,30345,21722],{"class":50},[44,30347,55],{"class":54},[44,30349,11906],{"class":50},[44,30351,116],{"class":115},[44,30353,28683],{"class":119},[44,30355,8782],{"class":115},[44,30357,30358,30360,30362,30364],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30359,142],{"class":141},[44,30361,123],{"class":115},[44,30363,14979],{"class":119},[44,30365,135],{"class":115},[44,30367,30368,30370,30372,30374],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,30369,142],{"class":141},[44,30371,123],{"class":115},[44,30373,379],{"class":119},[44,30375,135],{"class":115},[30,30377,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,30379,5274,30381,5277],{"id":30380},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30382,12909],{},[20,30384,30385,30386,116],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30387,30388],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1474,30390,12844,30392,30394],{"id":30391},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30393,12909],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30396,30397],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1474,30399,30401,30402,30404],{"id":30400},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30403,12909],{}," removes?",[20,30406,30407,30408,30412],{},"No. Use ",[200,30409,30410],{"href":12706},[15,30411,12902],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1474,30414,12844,30416,15034],{"id":30415},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30417,12909],{},[20,30419,30420],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1474,30422,30424,30425,30427],{"id":30423},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30426,12909],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30429,30430,30431,30433,30434,116],{},"It raises ",[15,30432,19825],{}," with the message ",[15,30435,29833],{},[30,30437,2019],{"id":2018},[218,30439,30440,30447,30453,30459,30465,30472,30476,30480],{},[221,30441,30442],{},[200,30443,30444,30446],{"href":12706},[15,30445,12902],{}," method for dictionaries",[221,30448,30449],{},[200,30450,30451,30446],{"href":17213},[15,30452,17216],{},[221,30454,30455],{},[200,30456,30457,30446],{"href":17200},[15,30458,17203],{},[221,30460,30461],{},[200,30462,30463,30446],{"href":17206},[15,30464,17209],{},[221,30466,30467],{},[200,30468,30470,30446],{"href":30469},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30471,11462],{},[221,30473,30474],{},[200,30475,12926],{"href":12713},[221,30477,30478],{},[200,30479,21595],{"href":16734},[221,30481,30482],{},[200,30483,30484,30485],{"href":29997},"Fix ",[15,30486,30000],{},[2048,30488,30489],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":30491},[30492,30493,30495,30496,30497,30498,30499,30500,30505,30510,30512,30513,30525],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":28770,"depth":69,"text":30494},"What popitem() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":28840,"depth":69,"text":28841},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":29193,"depth":69,"text":29194},{"id":29385,"depth":69,"text":29386},{"id":29513,"depth":69,"text":30501,"children":30502},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30503,30504],{"id":28683,"depth":81,"text":12909},{"id":26376,"depth":81,"text":12902},{"id":29782,"depth":69,"text":29783,"children":30506},[30507,30508],{"id":29839,"depth":81,"text":29840},{"id":29914,"depth":81,"text":30509},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":30003,"depth":69,"text":30511},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":30514},[30515,30517,30519,30521,30523],{"id":30380,"depth":81,"text":30516},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30391,"depth":81,"text":30518},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30400,"depth":81,"text":30520},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30415,"depth":81,"text":30522},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30423,"depth":81,"text":30524},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28509,"description":30526},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30533,"title":30534,"body":30535,"description":32436,"extension":2084,"meta":32437,"navigation":84,"path":14170,"seo":32438,"stem":32439,"__hash__":32440},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30536,"toc":32408},[30537,30542,30547,30550,30552,30649,30654,30659,30664,30667,30675,30678,30693,30695,30795,30797,30854,30858,30860,30863,30883,30888,30899,30902,30929,30932,30934,30991,30993,31014,31020,31025,31028,31039,31041,31149,31151,31204,31206,31218,31225,31231,31236,31239,31327,31329,31374,31377,31385,31388,31391,31460,31463,31466,31470,31473,31543,31545,31598,31601,31604,31607,31622,31625,31637,31640,31703,31705,31711,31713,31715,31794,31796,31837,31839,31904,31906,31943,31948,31953,31957,31971,31974,32097,32099,32184,32189,32191,32195,32217,32220,32299,32302,32321,32326,32328,32334,32339,32345,32348,32354,32357,32363,32368,32374,32380,32382,32405],[10,30538,11459,30540,18],{"id":30539},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30541,15091],{},[20,30543,213,30544,30546],{},[15,30545,15091],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30548,30549],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[30,30551,33],{"id":32},[35,30553,30555],{"className":37,"code":30554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30556,30557,30593,30634,30644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30558,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589,30591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30560,13342],{"class":50},[44,30562,55],{"class":54},[44,30564,10629],{"class":115},[44,30566,112],{"class":58},[44,30568,126],{"class":62},[44,30570,112],{"class":58},[44,30572,790],{"class":115},[44,30574,59],{"class":58},[44,30576,833],{"class":62},[44,30578,112],{"class":58},[44,30580,129],{"class":115},[44,30582,59],{"class":58},[44,30584,9437],{"class":62},[44,30586,112],{"class":58},[44,30588,790],{"class":115},[44,30590,7928],{"class":77},[44,30592,9447],{"class":115},[44,30594,30595,30597,30599,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30612,30615,30617,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30596,17445],{"class":50},[44,30598,116],{"class":115},[44,30600,30601],{"class":119},"update",[44,30603,5664],{"class":115},[44,30605,112],{"class":58},[44,30607,9437],{"class":62},[44,30609,112],{"class":58},[44,30611,790],{"class":115},[44,30613,30614],{"class":77}," 21",[44,30616,129],{"class":115},[44,30618,59],{"class":58},[44,30620,10547],{"class":62},[44,30622,112],{"class":58},[44,30624,790],{"class":115},[44,30626,59],{"class":58},[44,30628,847],{"class":62},[44,30630,112],{"class":58},[44,30632,30633],{"class":115},"})\n",[44,30635,30636,30638,30640,30642],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,30637,142],{"class":141},[44,30639,123],{"class":115},[44,30641,17445],{"class":119},[44,30643,135],{"class":115},[44,30645,30646],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,30647,30648],{"class":3787},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30650,189,30651,30653],{},[15,30652,15091],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[30,30655,3802,30657,3805],{"id":30656},"what-update-does",[15,30658,15091],{},[20,30660,30661,30663],{},[15,30662,15091],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30665,30666],{},"It can do two main things:",[218,30668,30669,30672],{},[221,30670,30671],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[221,30673,30674],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30676,30677],{},"Important things to know:",[218,30679,30680,30683,30686,30690],{},[221,30681,30682],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[221,30684,30685],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[221,30687,5280,30688],{},[15,30689,3904],{},[221,30691,30692],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30694,238],{},[35,30696,30698],{"className":37,"code":30697,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30699,30700,30742,30785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30701,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30721,30723,30725,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30738,30740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30703,13003],{"class":50},[44,30705,55],{"class":54},[44,30707,10629],{"class":115},[44,30709,112],{"class":58},[44,30711,126],{"class":62},[44,30713,112],{"class":58},[44,30715,790],{"class":115},[44,30717,59],{"class":58},[44,30719,30720],{"class":62},"Mira",[44,30722,112],{"class":58},[44,30724,129],{"class":115},[44,30726,59],{"class":58},[44,30728,20028],{"class":62},[44,30730,112],{"class":58},[44,30732,790],{"class":115},[44,30734,59],{"class":58},[44,30736,30737],{"class":62},"B",[44,30739,112],{"class":58},[44,30741,9447],{"class":115},[44,30743,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778,30781,30783],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30745,945],{"class":50},[44,30747,116],{"class":115},[44,30749,30601],{"class":119},[44,30751,5664],{"class":115},[44,30753,112],{"class":58},[44,30755,20028],{"class":62},[44,30757,112],{"class":58},[44,30759,790],{"class":115},[44,30761,59],{"class":58},[44,30763,22382],{"class":62},[44,30765,112],{"class":58},[44,30767,129],{"class":115},[44,30769,59],{"class":58},[44,30771,10547],{"class":62},[44,30773,112],{"class":58},[44,30775,790],{"class":115},[44,30777,59],{"class":58},[44,30779,30780],{"class":62},"Quito",[44,30782,112],{"class":58},[44,30784,30633],{"class":115},[44,30786,30787,30789,30791,30793],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,30788,142],{"class":141},[44,30790,123],{"class":115},[44,30792,945],{"class":119},[44,30794,135],{"class":115},[20,30796,155],{},[35,30798,30800],{"className":37,"code":30799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30801,30802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30803,30804,30806,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848,30850,30852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30805,1072],{"class":115},[44,30807,1338],{"class":58},[44,30809,126],{"class":62},[44,30811,1338],{"class":58},[44,30813,790],{"class":115},[44,30815,1332],{"class":58},[44,30817,30720],{"class":62},[44,30819,1338],{"class":58},[44,30821,129],{"class":115},[44,30823,1332],{"class":58},[44,30825,20028],{"class":62},[44,30827,1338],{"class":58},[44,30829,790],{"class":115},[44,30831,1332],{"class":58},[44,30833,22382],{"class":62},[44,30835,1338],{"class":58},[44,30837,129],{"class":115},[44,30839,1332],{"class":58},[44,30841,10547],{"class":62},[44,30843,1338],{"class":58},[44,30845,790],{"class":115},[44,30847,1332],{"class":58},[44,30849,30780],{"class":62},[44,30851,1338],{"class":58},[44,30853,9447],{"class":115},[20,30855,9292,30856,116],{},[200,30857,24764],{"href":9529},[30,30859,351],{"id":350},[20,30861,30862],{},"The basic form is:",[35,30864,30866],{"className":37,"code":30865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30867,30868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30869,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30871,15742],{"class":50},[44,30873,116],{"class":115},[44,30875,30601],{"class":119},[44,30877,123],{"class":115},[44,30879,30880],{"class":119},"other",[44,30882,135],{"class":115},[20,30884,30885,30887],{},[15,30886,30880],{}," can be:",[218,30889,30890,30893,30896],{},[221,30891,30892],{},"Another dictionary",[221,30894,30895],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[221,30897,30898],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30900,30901],{},"You can also use:",[35,30903,30905],{"className":37,"code":30904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30906,30907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30908,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30910,15742],{"class":50},[44,30912,116],{"class":115},[44,30914,30601],{"class":119},[44,30916,123],{"class":115},[44,30918,126],{"class":826},[44,30920,55],{"class":54},[44,30922,112],{"class":58},[44,30924,280],{"class":62},[44,30926,112],{"class":58},[44,30928,135],{"class":115},[20,30930,30931],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30933,238],{},[35,30935,30937],{"className":37,"code":30936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30938,30939,30959,30981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30940,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30942,9306],{"class":50},[44,30944,55],{"class":54},[44,30946,10629],{"class":115},[44,30948,112],{"class":58},[44,30950,200],{"class":62},[44,30952,112],{"class":58},[44,30954,790],{"class":115},[44,30956,5632],{"class":77},[44,30958,9447],{"class":115},[44,30960,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,30962,9343],{"class":50},[44,30964,116],{"class":115},[44,30966,30601],{"class":119},[44,30968,5664],{"class":115},[44,30970,112],{"class":58},[44,30972,200],{"class":62},[44,30974,112],{"class":58},[44,30976,790],{"class":115},[44,30978,6140],{"class":77},[44,30980,30633],{"class":115},[44,30982,30983,30985,30987,30989],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,30984,142],{"class":141},[44,30986,123],{"class":115},[44,30988,9343],{"class":119},[44,30990,135],{"class":115},[20,30992,155],{},[35,30994,30996],{"className":37,"code":30995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30997,30998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30999,31000,31002,31004,31006,31008,31010,31012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31001,1072],{"class":115},[44,31003,1338],{"class":58},[44,31005,200],{"class":62},[44,31007,1338],{"class":58},[44,31009,790],{"class":115},[44,31011,6140],{"class":77},[44,31013,9447],{"class":115},[30,31015,8556,31017,31019],{"id":31016},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,31018,15091],{}," with another dictionary",[20,31021,31022,31023,116],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,31024,15091],{},[20,31026,31027],{},"It is useful when:",[218,31029,31030,31033,31036],{},[221,31031,31032],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[221,31034,31035],{},"Adding extra settings",[221,31037,31038],{},"Updating stored data",[20,31040,238],{},[35,31042,31044],{"className":37,"code":31043,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31045,31046,31083,31120,31124,31139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31047,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31049,13963],{"class":50},[44,31051,55],{"class":54},[44,31053,10629],{"class":115},[44,31055,112],{"class":58},[44,31057,12634],{"class":62},[44,31059,112],{"class":58},[44,31061,790],{"class":115},[44,31063,59],{"class":58},[44,31065,21065],{"class":62},[44,31067,112],{"class":58},[44,31069,129],{"class":115},[44,31071,59],{"class":58},[44,31073,13988],{"class":62},[44,31075,112],{"class":58},[44,31077,790],{"class":115},[44,31079,31080],{"class":77}," 12",[44,31082,9447],{"class":115},[44,31084,31085,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100,31102,31104,31106,31108,31110,31112,31114,31116,31118],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31086,31087],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,31089,55],{"class":54},[44,31091,10629],{"class":115},[44,31093,112],{"class":58},[44,31095,13988],{"class":62},[44,31097,112],{"class":58},[44,31099,790],{"class":115},[44,31101,13995],{"class":77},[44,31103,129],{"class":115},[44,31105,59],{"class":58},[44,31107,20260],{"class":62},[44,31109,112],{"class":58},[44,31111,790],{"class":115},[44,31113,59],{"class":58},[44,31115,20294],{"class":62},[44,31117,112],{"class":58},[44,31119,9447],{"class":115},[44,31121,31122],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,31123,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,31125,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31137],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,31127,14022],{"class":50},[44,31129,116],{"class":115},[44,31131,30601],{"class":119},[44,31133,123],{"class":115},[44,31135,31136],{"class":119},"new_settings",[44,31138,135],{"class":115},[44,31140,31141,31143,31145,31147],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,31142,142],{"class":141},[44,31144,123],{"class":115},[44,31146,14022],{"class":119},[44,31148,135],{"class":115},[20,31150,155],{},[35,31152,31154],{"className":37,"code":31153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31155,31156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31157,31158,31160,31162,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31159,1072],{"class":115},[44,31161,1338],{"class":58},[44,31163,12634],{"class":62},[44,31165,1338],{"class":58},[44,31167,790],{"class":115},[44,31169,1332],{"class":58},[44,31171,21065],{"class":62},[44,31173,1338],{"class":58},[44,31175,129],{"class":115},[44,31177,1332],{"class":58},[44,31179,13988],{"class":62},[44,31181,1338],{"class":58},[44,31183,790],{"class":115},[44,31185,13995],{"class":77},[44,31187,129],{"class":115},[44,31189,1332],{"class":58},[44,31191,20260],{"class":62},[44,31193,1338],{"class":58},[44,31195,790],{"class":115},[44,31197,1332],{"class":58},[44,31199,20294],{"class":62},[44,31201,1338],{"class":58},[44,31203,9447],{"class":115},[20,31205,13547],{},[218,31207,31208,31213],{},[221,31209,31210,31212],{},[15,31211,13988],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[221,31214,31215,31217],{},[15,31216,20260],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31219,31220,31221,116],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[200,31222,31224],{"href":31223},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,31226,8556,31228,31230],{"id":31227},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31229,15091],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31232,31233,31235],{},[15,31234,15091],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31237,31238],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,31240,31242],{"className":37,"code":31241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31243,31244,31264,31299,31303,31317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31245,31246,31248,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31247,5195],{"class":50},[44,31249,55],{"class":54},[44,31251,10629],{"class":115},[44,31253,112],{"class":58},[44,31255,18554],{"class":62},[44,31257,112],{"class":58},[44,31259,790],{"class":115},[44,31261,20035],{"class":77},[44,31263,9447],{"class":115},[44,31265,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288,31291,31293,31295,31297],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31267,9354],{"class":50},[44,31269,55],{"class":54},[44,31271,9359],{"class":115},[44,31273,112],{"class":58},[44,31275,18563],{"class":62},[44,31277,112],{"class":58},[44,31279,129],{"class":115},[44,31281,13645],{"class":77},[44,31283,9372],{"class":115},[44,31285,9375],{"class":115},[44,31287,112],{"class":58},[44,31289,31290],{"class":62},"english",[44,31292,112],{"class":58},[44,31294,129],{"class":115},[44,31296,29056],{"class":77},[44,31298,9388],{"class":115},[44,31300,31301],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,31302,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,31304,31305,31307,31309,31311,31313,31315],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,31306,16526],{"class":50},[44,31308,116],{"class":115},[44,31310,30601],{"class":119},[44,31312,123],{"class":115},[44,31314,9401],{"class":119},[44,31316,135],{"class":115},[44,31318,31319,31321,31323,31325],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,31320,142],{"class":141},[44,31322,123],{"class":115},[44,31324,16526],{"class":119},[44,31326,135],{"class":115},[20,31328,155],{},[35,31330,31332],{"className":37,"code":31331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31333,31334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31335,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31337,1072],{"class":115},[44,31339,1338],{"class":58},[44,31341,18554],{"class":62},[44,31343,1338],{"class":58},[44,31345,790],{"class":115},[44,31347,20035],{"class":77},[44,31349,129],{"class":115},[44,31351,1332],{"class":58},[44,31353,18563],{"class":62},[44,31355,1338],{"class":58},[44,31357,790],{"class":115},[44,31359,13645],{"class":77},[44,31361,129],{"class":115},[44,31363,1332],{"class":58},[44,31365,31290],{"class":62},[44,31367,1338],{"class":58},[44,31369,790],{"class":115},[44,31371,29056],{"class":77},[44,31373,9447],{"class":115},[20,31375,31376],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[218,31378,31379,31382],{},[221,31380,31381],{},"The key",[221,31383,31384],{},"The value",[20,31386,31387],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31389,31390],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,31392,31394],{"className":37,"code":31393,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31395,31396,31416,31441,31445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31397,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31399,9306],{"class":50},[44,31401,55],{"class":54},[44,31403,10629],{"class":115},[44,31405,112],{"class":58},[44,31407,200],{"class":62},[44,31409,112],{"class":58},[44,31411,790],{"class":115},[44,31413,5632],{"class":77},[44,31415,9447],{"class":115},[44,31417,31418,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31419,31420],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,31422,55],{"class":54},[44,31424,9359],{"class":115},[44,31426,112],{"class":58},[44,31428,4891],{"class":62},[44,31430,112],{"class":58},[44,31432,129],{"class":115},[44,31434,3116],{"class":77},[44,31436,129],{"class":115},[44,31438,2573],{"class":77},[44,31440,9388],{"class":115},[44,31442,31443],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,31444,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,31446,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31458],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,31448,9343],{"class":50},[44,31450,116],{"class":115},[44,31452,30601],{"class":119},[44,31454,123],{"class":115},[44,31456,31457],{"class":119},"bad_pairs",[44,31459,135],{"class":115},[20,31461,31462],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31464,31465],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[30,31467,31469],{"id":31468},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31471,31472],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,31474,31476],{"className":37,"code":31475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31477,31478,31502,31533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31479,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31481,11628],{"class":50},[44,31483,55],{"class":54},[44,31485,10629],{"class":115},[44,31487,112],{"class":58},[44,31489,126],{"class":62},[44,31491,112],{"class":58},[44,31493,790],{"class":115},[44,31495,59],{"class":58},[44,31497,29049],{"class":62},[44,31499,112],{"class":58},[44,31501,9447],{"class":115},[44,31503,31504,31506,31508,31510,31512,31514,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31529,31531],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31505,11721],{"class":50},[44,31507,116],{"class":115},[44,31509,30601],{"class":119},[44,31511,123],{"class":115},[44,31513,9437],{"class":826},[44,31515,55],{"class":54},[44,31517,9332],{"class":77},[44,31519,129],{"class":115},[44,31521,840],{"class":826},[44,31523,55],{"class":54},[44,31525,112],{"class":58},[44,31527,31528],{"class":62},"Madrid",[44,31530,112],{"class":58},[44,31532,135],{"class":115},[44,31534,31535,31537,31539,31541],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,31536,142],{"class":141},[44,31538,123],{"class":115},[44,31540,11721],{"class":119},[44,31542,135],{"class":115},[20,31544,155],{},[35,31546,31548],{"className":37,"code":31547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31549,31550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31551,31552,31554,31556,31558,31560,31562,31564,31566,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31553,1072],{"class":115},[44,31555,1338],{"class":58},[44,31557,126],{"class":62},[44,31559,1338],{"class":58},[44,31561,790],{"class":115},[44,31563,1332],{"class":58},[44,31565,29049],{"class":62},[44,31567,1338],{"class":58},[44,31569,129],{"class":115},[44,31571,1332],{"class":58},[44,31573,9437],{"class":62},[44,31575,1338],{"class":58},[44,31577,790],{"class":115},[44,31579,9444],{"class":77},[44,31581,129],{"class":115},[44,31583,1332],{"class":58},[44,31585,10547],{"class":62},[44,31587,1338],{"class":58},[44,31589,790],{"class":115},[44,31591,1332],{"class":58},[44,31593,31528],{"class":62},[44,31595,1338],{"class":58},[44,31597,9447],{"class":115},[20,31599,31600],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31602,31603],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31605,31606],{},"These work:",[218,31608,31609,31613,31617],{},[221,31610,31611],{},[15,31612,9437],{},[221,31614,31615],{},[15,31616,10547],{},[221,31618,31619],{},[15,31620,31621],{},"first_name",[20,31623,31624],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[218,31626,31627,31632],{},[221,31628,31629],{},[15,31630,31631],{},"\"first name\"",[221,31633,31634],{},[15,31635,31636],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31638,31639],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,31641,31643],{"className":37,"code":31642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31644,31645,31653,31693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31646,31647,31649,31651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31648,11628],{"class":50},[44,31650,55],{"class":54},[44,31652,338],{"class":115},[44,31654,31655,31657,31659,31661,31663,31665,31667,31669,31671,31673,31675,31677,31679,31681,31684,31686,31688,31691],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31656,11721],{"class":50},[44,31658,116],{"class":115},[44,31660,30601],{"class":119},[44,31662,5664],{"class":115},[44,31664,112],{"class":58},[44,31666,10651],{"class":62},[44,31668,112],{"class":58},[44,31670,790],{"class":115},[44,31672,59],{"class":58},[44,31674,29049],{"class":62},[44,31676,112],{"class":58},[44,31678,129],{"class":115},[44,31680,59],{"class":58},[44,31682,31683],{"class":62},"user-id",[44,31685,112],{"class":58},[44,31687,790],{"class":115},[44,31689,31690],{"class":77}," 1001",[44,31692,30633],{"class":115},[44,31694,31695,31697,31699,31701],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,31696,142],{"class":141},[44,31698,123],{"class":115},[44,31700,11721],{"class":119},[44,31702,135],{"class":115},[30,31704,1219],{"id":1218},[20,31706,31707,2518,31709,116],{},[15,31708,15091],{},[15,31710,3904],{},[20,31712,14186],{},[20,31714,24844],{},[35,31716,31718],{"className":37,"code":31717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31719,31720,31744,31770,31774,31784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31721,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738,31740,31742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31723,13342],{"class":50},[44,31725,55],{"class":54},[44,31727,10629],{"class":115},[44,31729,112],{"class":58},[44,31731,126],{"class":62},[44,31733,112],{"class":58},[44,31735,790],{"class":115},[44,31737,59],{"class":58},[44,31739,833],{"class":62},[44,31741,112],{"class":58},[44,31743,9447],{"class":115},[44,31745,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760,31762,31764,31766,31768],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31747,2351],{"class":50},[44,31749,55],{"class":54},[44,31751,13385],{"class":50},[44,31753,116],{"class":115},[44,31755,30601],{"class":119},[44,31757,5664],{"class":115},[44,31759,112],{"class":58},[44,31761,9437],{"class":62},[44,31763,112],{"class":58},[44,31765,790],{"class":115},[44,31767,7928],{"class":77},[44,31769,30633],{"class":115},[44,31771,31772],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,31773,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,31775,31776,31778,31780,31782],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,31777,142],{"class":141},[44,31779,123],{"class":115},[44,31781,2386],{"class":119},[44,31783,135],{"class":115},[44,31785,31786,31788,31790,31792],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,31787,142],{"class":141},[44,31789,123],{"class":115},[44,31791,17445],{"class":119},[44,31793,135],{"class":115},[20,31795,155],{},[35,31797,31799],{"className":37,"code":31798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31800,31801,31805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31802,31803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31804,11948],{"class":3978},[44,31806,31807,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31808,1072],{"class":115},[44,31810,1338],{"class":58},[44,31812,126],{"class":62},[44,31814,1338],{"class":58},[44,31816,790],{"class":115},[44,31818,1332],{"class":58},[44,31820,833],{"class":62},[44,31822,1338],{"class":58},[44,31824,129],{"class":115},[44,31826,1332],{"class":58},[44,31828,9437],{"class":62},[44,31830,1338],{"class":58},[44,31832,790],{"class":115},[44,31834,7928],{"class":77},[44,31836,9447],{"class":115},[20,31838,16793],{},[35,31840,31842],{"className":37,"code":31841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31843,31844,31868,31890,31894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31845,31846,31848,31850,31852,31854,31856,31858,31860,31862,31864,31866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31847,13342],{"class":50},[44,31849,55],{"class":54},[44,31851,10629],{"class":115},[44,31853,112],{"class":58},[44,31855,126],{"class":62},[44,31857,112],{"class":58},[44,31859,790],{"class":115},[44,31861,59],{"class":58},[44,31863,833],{"class":62},[44,31865,112],{"class":58},[44,31867,9447],{"class":115},[44,31869,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,31871,17445],{"class":50},[44,31873,116],{"class":115},[44,31875,30601],{"class":119},[44,31877,5664],{"class":115},[44,31879,112],{"class":58},[44,31881,9437],{"class":62},[44,31883,112],{"class":58},[44,31885,790],{"class":115},[44,31887,7928],{"class":77},[44,31889,30633],{"class":115},[44,31891,31892],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,31893,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,31895,31896,31898,31900,31902],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,31897,142],{"class":141},[44,31899,123],{"class":115},[44,31901,17445],{"class":119},[44,31903,135],{"class":115},[20,31905,155],{},[35,31907,31909],{"className":37,"code":31908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31910,31911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31912,31913,31915,31917,31919,31921,31923,31925,31927,31929,31931,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31914,1072],{"class":115},[44,31916,1338],{"class":58},[44,31918,126],{"class":62},[44,31920,1338],{"class":58},[44,31922,790],{"class":115},[44,31924,1332],{"class":58},[44,31926,833],{"class":62},[44,31928,1338],{"class":58},[44,31930,129],{"class":115},[44,31932,1332],{"class":58},[44,31934,9437],{"class":62},[44,31936,1338],{"class":58},[44,31938,790],{"class":115},[44,31940,7928],{"class":77},[44,31942,9447],{"class":115},[20,31944,31945,31946,116],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[200,31947,18041],{"href":10870},[30,31949,5092,31951],{"id":31950},"when-to-use-update",[15,31952,15091],{},[20,31954,189,31955,10740],{},[15,31956,15091],{},[218,31958,31959,31962,31965,31968],{},[221,31960,31961],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[221,31963,31964],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[221,31966,31967],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[221,31969,31970],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31972,31973],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,31975,31977],{"className":37,"code":31976,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31978,31979,32015,32030,32034,32073,32077,32087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31980,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31982,12226],{"class":50},[44,31984,55],{"class":54},[44,31986,10629],{"class":115},[44,31988,112],{"class":58},[44,31990,126],{"class":62},[44,31992,112],{"class":58},[44,31994,790],{"class":115},[44,31996,59],{"class":58},[44,31998,833],{"class":62},[44,32000,112],{"class":58},[44,32002,129],{"class":115},[44,32004,59],{"class":58},[44,32006,9437],{"class":62},[44,32008,112],{"class":58},[44,32010,790],{"class":115},[44,32012,7928],{"class":77},[44,32014,9447],{"class":115},[44,32016,32017,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32018,32019],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,32021,55],{"class":54},[44,32023,12301],{"class":50},[44,32025,116],{"class":115},[44,32027,13050],{"class":119},[44,32029,8782],{"class":115},[44,32031,32032],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,32033,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,32035,32036,32039,32041,32043,32045,32047,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,32037,32038],{"class":50},"updated",[44,32040,116],{"class":115},[44,32042,30601],{"class":119},[44,32044,5664],{"class":115},[44,32046,112],{"class":58},[44,32048,9437],{"class":62},[44,32050,112],{"class":58},[44,32052,790],{"class":115},[44,32054,30614],{"class":77},[44,32056,129],{"class":115},[44,32058,59],{"class":58},[44,32060,10547],{"class":62},[44,32062,112],{"class":58},[44,32064,790],{"class":115},[44,32066,59],{"class":58},[44,32068,847],{"class":62},[44,32070,112],{"class":58},[44,32072,30633],{"class":115},[44,32074,32075],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,32076,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,32078,32079,32081,32083,32085],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,32080,142],{"class":141},[44,32082,123],{"class":115},[44,32084,12273],{"class":119},[44,32086,135],{"class":115},[44,32088,32089,32091,32093,32095],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,32090,142],{"class":141},[44,32092,123],{"class":115},[44,32094,32038],{"class":119},[44,32096,135],{"class":115},[20,32098,155],{},[35,32100,32102],{"className":37,"code":32101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32103,32104,32136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32105,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122,32124,32126,32128,32130,32132,32134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32107,1072],{"class":115},[44,32109,1338],{"class":58},[44,32111,126],{"class":62},[44,32113,1338],{"class":58},[44,32115,790],{"class":115},[44,32117,1332],{"class":58},[44,32119,833],{"class":62},[44,32121,1338],{"class":58},[44,32123,129],{"class":115},[44,32125,1332],{"class":58},[44,32127,9437],{"class":62},[44,32129,1338],{"class":58},[44,32131,790],{"class":115},[44,32133,7928],{"class":77},[44,32135,9447],{"class":115},[44,32137,32138,32140,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154,32156,32158,32160,32162,32164,32166,32168,32170,32172,32174,32176,32178,32180,32182],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32139,1072],{"class":115},[44,32141,1338],{"class":58},[44,32143,126],{"class":62},[44,32145,1338],{"class":58},[44,32147,790],{"class":115},[44,32149,1332],{"class":58},[44,32151,833],{"class":62},[44,32153,1338],{"class":58},[44,32155,129],{"class":115},[44,32157,1332],{"class":58},[44,32159,9437],{"class":62},[44,32161,1338],{"class":58},[44,32163,790],{"class":115},[44,32165,30614],{"class":77},[44,32167,129],{"class":115},[44,32169,1332],{"class":58},[44,32171,10547],{"class":62},[44,32173,1338],{"class":58},[44,32175,790],{"class":115},[44,32177,1332],{"class":58},[44,32179,847],{"class":62},[44,32181,1338],{"class":58},[44,32183,9447],{"class":115},[20,32185,32186,32187,116],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[200,32188,16735],{"href":16734},[30,32190,1467],{"id":1466},[20,32192,10887,32193,790],{},[15,32194,15091],{},[218,32196,32197,32204,32208,32211,32214],{},[221,32198,12734,32199,32201,32202],{},[15,32200,15091],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32203,3904],{},[221,32205,1707,32206,12742],{},[15,32207,15091],{},[221,32209,32210],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[221,32212,32213],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[221,32215,32216],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32218,32219],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,32221,32223],{"className":37,"code":32222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32224,32225,32235,32249,32263,32285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32226,32227,32229,32231,32233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32228,142],{"class":141},[44,32230,123],{"class":115},[44,32232,11589],{"class":119},[44,32234,135],{"class":115},[44,32236,32237,32239,32241,32243,32245,32247],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32238,142],{"class":141},[44,32240,123],{"class":115},[44,32242,1297],{"class":1296},[44,32244,123],{"class":115},[44,32246,9343],{"class":119},[44,32248,567],{"class":115},[44,32250,32251,32253,32255,32257,32259,32261],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,32252,142],{"class":141},[44,32254,123],{"class":115},[44,32256,8231],{"class":1296},[44,32258,123],{"class":115},[44,32260,9343],{"class":119},[44,32262,567],{"class":115},[44,32264,32265,32267,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,32266,142],{"class":141},[44,32268,123],{"class":115},[44,32270,11589],{"class":119},[44,32272,116],{"class":115},[44,32274,19888],{"class":119},[44,32276,123],{"class":115},[44,32278,1338],{"class":58},[44,32280,14979],{"class":62},[44,32282,1338],{"class":58},[44,32284,567],{"class":115},[44,32286,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,32288,1934],{"class":141},[44,32290,123],{"class":115},[44,32292,8961],{"class":1296},[44,32294,116],{"class":115},[44,32296,30601],{"class":685},[44,32298,135],{"class":115},[20,32300,32301],{},"These can help you check:",[218,32303,32304,32307,32312,32315,32318],{},[221,32305,32306],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[221,32308,32309,32310],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32311,15091],{},[221,32313,32314],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[221,32316,32317],{},"Whether a key exists",[221,32319,32320],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32322,32323,32324,116],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[200,32325,11403],{"href":11214},[30,32327,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,32329,12844,32331,32333],{"id":32330},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32332,15091],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32335,32336,32337,116],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32338,3904],{},[1474,32340,12844,32342,32344],{"id":32341},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32343,15091],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32346,32347],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1474,32349,5302,32351,32353],{"id":32350},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32352,15091],{}," add new keys?",[20,32355,32356],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1474,32358,28464,32360,32362],{"id":32359},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32361,15091],{}," with a list?",[20,32364,32365,32366,116],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32367,11235],{},[1474,32369,5312,32371,32373],{"id":32370},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32372,15091],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32375,32376,32377,32379],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32378,15091],{}," can change many keys at once.",[30,32381,2019],{"id":2018},[218,32383,32384,32388,32392,32397,32401],{},[221,32385,32386],{},[200,32387,26230],{"href":9529},[221,32389,32390],{},[200,32391,11392],{"href":10870},[221,32393,32394],{},[200,32395,32396],{"href":31223},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[221,32398,32399],{},[200,32400,21595],{"href":16734},[221,32402,32403],{},[200,32404,11403],{"href":11214},[2048,32406,32407],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":32409},[32410,32411,32413,32414,32416,32418,32419,32420,32422,32423,32435],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":30656,"depth":69,"text":32412},"What update() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":31016,"depth":69,"text":32415},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31227,"depth":69,"text":32417},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31468,"depth":69,"text":31469},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":31950,"depth":69,"text":32421},"When to use update()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":32424},[32425,32427,32429,32431,32433],{"id":32330,"depth":81,"text":32426},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32341,"depth":81,"text":32428},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32350,"depth":81,"text":32430},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32359,"depth":81,"text":32432},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32370,"depth":81,"text":32434},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30534,"description":32436},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32442,"title":32443,"body":32444,"description":34433,"extension":2084,"meta":34434,"navigation":84,"path":23030,"seo":34435,"stem":34436,"__hash__":34437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32445,"toc":34396},[32446,32451,32458,32461,32463,32562,32564,32619,32624,32629,32643,32648,32650,32665,32667,32681,32694,32699,32705,32712,32714,32821,32823,32872,32878,32953,32955,32976,32978,32981,33086,33088,33143,33145,33173,33177,33182,33261,33263,33283,33285,33296,33306,33310,33315,33419,33421,33446,33449,33460,33465,33474,33477,33494,33496,33583,33585,33648,33650,33673,33675,33680,33686,33691,33693,33732,33738,33741,33760,33771,33777,33780,33853,33855,33874,33879,33882,33905,33911,33914,33978,33981,34058,34065,34068,34127,34133,34135,34154,34158,34161,34212,34215,34235,34237,34298,34300,34305,34310,34315,34320,34325,34330,34336,34339,34348,34356,34358,34393],[10,32447,11459,32449,18],{"id":32448},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32450,17209],{},[20,32452,32453,32454,32457],{},"The Python ",[15,32455,32456],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32459,32460],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[30,32462,33],{"id":32},[35,32464,32466],{"className":37,"code":32465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32467,32468,32520,32534,32538,32548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32469,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32471,13003],{"class":50},[44,32473,55],{"class":54},[44,32475,10629],{"class":115},[44,32477,112],{"class":58},[44,32479,126],{"class":62},[44,32481,112],{"class":58},[44,32483,790],{"class":115},[44,32485,59],{"class":58},[44,32487,833],{"class":62},[44,32489,112],{"class":58},[44,32491,129],{"class":115},[44,32493,59],{"class":58},[44,32495,9437],{"class":62},[44,32497,112],{"class":58},[44,32499,790],{"class":115},[44,32501,7928],{"class":77},[44,32503,129],{"class":115},[44,32505,59],{"class":58},[44,32507,10547],{"class":62},[44,32509,112],{"class":58},[44,32511,790],{"class":115},[44,32513,59],{"class":58},[44,32515,847],{"class":62},[44,32517,112],{"class":58},[44,32519,9447],{"class":115},[44,32521,32522,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32523,3948],{"class":50},[44,32525,55],{"class":54},[44,32527,13045],{"class":50},[44,32529,116],{"class":115},[44,32531,5492],{"class":119},[44,32533,8782],{"class":115},[44,32535,32536],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,32537,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,32539,32540,32542,32544,32546],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,32541,142],{"class":141},[44,32543,123],{"class":115},[44,32545,5492],{"class":119},[44,32547,135],{"class":115},[44,32549,32550,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,32551,142],{"class":141},[44,32553,123],{"class":115},[44,32555,8231],{"class":1296},[44,32557,123],{"class":115},[44,32559,5492],{"class":119},[44,32561,567],{"class":115},[20,32563,155],{},[35,32565,32567],{"className":37,"code":32566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32568,32569,32595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32570,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32572,17175],{"class":119},[44,32574,3108],{"class":115},[44,32576,1338],{"class":58},[44,32578,833],{"class":62},[44,32580,1338],{"class":58},[44,32582,129],{"class":115},[44,32584,7928],{"class":77},[44,32586,129],{"class":115},[44,32588,1332],{"class":58},[44,32590,847],{"class":62},[44,32592,1338],{"class":58},[44,32594,4015],{"class":115},[44,32596,32597,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32598,4027],{"class":115},[44,32600,1338],{"class":58},[44,32602,833],{"class":62},[44,32604,1338],{"class":58},[44,32606,129],{"class":115},[44,32608,7928],{"class":77},[44,32610,129],{"class":115},[44,32612,1332],{"class":58},[44,32614,847],{"class":62},[44,32616,1338],{"class":58},[44,32618,3757],{"class":115},[20,32620,32621,32623],{},[15,32622,17209],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[30,32625,3802,32627,3805],{"id":32626},"what-values-does",[15,32628,17209],{},[218,32630,32631,32634,32637,32640],{},[221,32632,32633],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[221,32635,32636],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[221,32638,32639],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[221,32641,32642],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32644,32645,32646,116],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[200,32647,9530],{"href":9529},[30,32649,351],{"id":350},[35,32651,32653],{"className":37,"code":32652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32654,32655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32656,32657,32659,32661,32663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32658,11589],{"class":50},[44,32660,116],{"class":115},[44,32662,5492],{"class":119},[44,32664,8782],{"class":115},[20,32666,13189],{},[218,32668,32669,32673,32676],{},[221,32670,32671,11605],{},[15,32672,17209],{},[221,32674,32675],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[221,32677,32678,32679],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32680,17209],{},[20,32682,32683,32684,536,32689,116],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[200,32685,32686,32688],{"href":17200},[15,32687,17203],{}," for dictionary keys",[200,32690,32691,32693],{"href":17213},[15,32692,17216],{}," for key-value pairs",[30,32695,3802,32697,11845],{"id":32696},"what-values-returns",[15,32698,17209],{},[20,32700,32701,22112,32703,24899],{},[15,32702,17209],{},[15,32704,17175],{},[20,32706,32707,32708,32711],{},"This object is a ",[153,32709,32710],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32713,238],{},[35,32715,32717],{"className":37,"code":32716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32718,32719,32755,32759,32774,32785,32789,32811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32720,32721,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735,32737,32739,32741,32743,32745,32747,32749,32751,32753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32722,13342],{"class":50},[44,32724,55],{"class":54},[44,32726,10629],{"class":115},[44,32728,112],{"class":58},[44,32730,126],{"class":62},[44,32732,112],{"class":58},[44,32734,790],{"class":115},[44,32736,59],{"class":58},[44,32738,8059],{"class":62},[44,32740,112],{"class":58},[44,32742,129],{"class":115},[44,32744,59],{"class":58},[44,32746,9437],{"class":62},[44,32748,112],{"class":58},[44,32750,790],{"class":115},[44,32752,9444],{"class":77},[44,32754,9447],{"class":115},[44,32756,32757],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32758,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,32760,32761,32764,32766,32768,32770,32772],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,32762,32763],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,32765,55],{"class":54},[44,32767,13385],{"class":50},[44,32769,116],{"class":115},[44,32771,5492],{"class":119},[44,32773,8782],{"class":115},[44,32775,32776,32778,32780,32783],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,32777,142],{"class":141},[44,32779,123],{"class":115},[44,32781,32782],{"class":119},"values_view",[44,32784,135],{"class":115},[44,32786,32787],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,32788,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,32790,32791,32793,32795,32797,32799,32801,32803,32805,32807,32809],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,32792,17445],{"class":50},[44,32794,4027],{"class":115},[44,32796,112],{"class":58},[44,32798,10547],{"class":62},[44,32800,112],{"class":58},[44,32802,13411],{"class":115},[44,32804,13414],{"class":54},[44,32806,59],{"class":58},[44,32808,30780],{"class":62},[44,32810,66],{"class":58},[44,32812,32813,32815,32817,32819],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,32814,142],{"class":141},[44,32816,123],{"class":115},[44,32818,32782],{"class":119},[44,32820,135],{"class":115},[20,32822,155],{},[35,32824,32826],{"className":37,"code":32825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32827,32828,32846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32829,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32831,17175],{"class":119},[44,32833,3108],{"class":115},[44,32835,1338],{"class":58},[44,32837,8059],{"class":62},[44,32839,1338],{"class":58},[44,32841,129],{"class":115},[44,32843,9444],{"class":77},[44,32845,4015],{"class":115},[44,32847,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868,32870],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32849,17175],{"class":119},[44,32851,3108],{"class":115},[44,32853,1338],{"class":58},[44,32855,8059],{"class":62},[44,32857,1338],{"class":58},[44,32859,129],{"class":115},[44,32861,9444],{"class":77},[44,32863,129],{"class":115},[44,32865,1332],{"class":58},[44,32867,30780],{"class":62},[44,32869,1338],{"class":58},[44,32871,4015],{"class":115},[20,32873,32874,32875,116],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32876,32877],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,32879,32881],{"className":37,"code":32880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32882,32883,32919,32938,32942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32884,32885,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32886,13342],{"class":50},[44,32888,55],{"class":54},[44,32890,10629],{"class":115},[44,32892,112],{"class":58},[44,32894,126],{"class":62},[44,32896,112],{"class":58},[44,32898,790],{"class":115},[44,32900,59],{"class":58},[44,32902,8059],{"class":62},[44,32904,112],{"class":58},[44,32906,129],{"class":115},[44,32908,59],{"class":58},[44,32910,9437],{"class":62},[44,32912,112],{"class":58},[44,32914,790],{"class":115},[44,32916,9444],{"class":77},[44,32918,9447],{"class":115},[44,32920,32921,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934,32936],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,32922,32923],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,32925,55],{"class":54},[44,32927,22695],{"class":1296},[44,32929,123],{"class":115},[44,32931,17445],{"class":119},[44,32933,116],{"class":115},[44,32935,5492],{"class":119},[44,32937,7332],{"class":115},[44,32939,32940],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,32941,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,32943,32944,32946,32948,32951],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,32945,142],{"class":141},[44,32947,123],{"class":115},[44,32949,32950],{"class":119},"values_list",[44,32952,135],{"class":115},[20,32954,155],{},[35,32956,32958],{"className":37,"code":32957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32959,32960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32961,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32963,4027],{"class":115},[44,32965,1338],{"class":58},[44,32967,8059],{"class":62},[44,32969,1338],{"class":58},[44,32971,129],{"class":115},[44,32973,9444],{"class":77},[44,32975,3757],{"class":115},[30,32977,11615],{"id":11614},[20,32979,32980],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,32982,32984],{"className":37,"code":32983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32985,32986,33040,33044,33058,33062,33072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32987,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33021,33023,33025,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036,33038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32989,24931],{"class":50},[44,32991,55],{"class":54},[44,32993,10629],{"class":115},[44,32995,112],{"class":58},[44,32997,24940],{"class":62},[44,32999,112],{"class":58},[44,33001,790],{"class":115},[44,33003,59],{"class":58},[44,33005,24949],{"class":62},[44,33007,112],{"class":58},[44,33009,129],{"class":115},[44,33011,59],{"class":58},[44,33013,24958],{"class":62},[44,33015,112],{"class":58},[44,33017,790],{"class":115},[44,33019,33020],{"class":77}," 2022",[44,33022,129],{"class":115},[44,33024,59],{"class":58},[44,33026,33027],{"class":62},"color",[44,33029,112],{"class":58},[44,33031,790],{"class":115},[44,33033,59],{"class":58},[44,33035,13247],{"class":62},[44,33037,112],{"class":58},[44,33039,9447],{"class":115},[44,33041,33042],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33043,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,33045,33046,33048,33050,33052,33054,33056],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,33047,2351],{"class":50},[44,33049,55],{"class":54},[44,33051,24980],{"class":50},[44,33053,116],{"class":115},[44,33055,5492],{"class":119},[44,33057,8782],{"class":115},[44,33059,33060],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,33061,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,33063,33064,33066,33068,33070],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,33065,142],{"class":141},[44,33067,123],{"class":115},[44,33069,2386],{"class":119},[44,33071,135],{"class":115},[44,33073,33074,33076,33078,33080,33082,33084],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,33075,142],{"class":141},[44,33077,123],{"class":115},[44,33079,8231],{"class":1296},[44,33081,123],{"class":115},[44,33083,2386],{"class":119},[44,33085,567],{"class":115},[20,33087,155],{},[35,33089,33091],{"className":37,"code":33090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33092,33093,33119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33094,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33096,17175],{"class":119},[44,33098,3108],{"class":115},[44,33100,1338],{"class":58},[44,33102,24949],{"class":62},[44,33104,1338],{"class":58},[44,33106,129],{"class":115},[44,33108,33020],{"class":77},[44,33110,129],{"class":115},[44,33112,1332],{"class":58},[44,33114,13247],{"class":62},[44,33116,1338],{"class":58},[44,33118,4015],{"class":115},[44,33120,33121,33123,33125,33127,33129,33131,33133,33135,33137,33139,33141],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33122,4027],{"class":115},[44,33124,1338],{"class":58},[44,33126,24949],{"class":62},[44,33128,1338],{"class":58},[44,33130,129],{"class":115},[44,33132,33020],{"class":77},[44,33134,129],{"class":115},[44,33136,1332],{"class":58},[44,33138,13247],{"class":62},[44,33140,1338],{"class":58},[44,33142,3757],{"class":115},[20,33144,11823],{},[218,33146,33147,33153,33159,33167],{},[221,33148,33149,33152],{},[15,33150,33151],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[221,33154,33155,33158],{},[15,33156,33157],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[221,33160,33161,33164,33165,24753],{},[15,33162,33163],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33166,17175],{},[221,33168,33169,33172],{},[15,33170,33171],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[30,33174,33176],{"id":33175},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33178,33179,33180,26199],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33181,6093],{},[35,33183,33185],{"className":37,"code":33184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33186,33187,33231,33235,33251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33188,33189,33191,33193,33195,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33190,5195],{"class":50},[44,33192,55],{"class":54},[44,33194,10629],{"class":115},[44,33196,112],{"class":58},[44,33198,18554],{"class":62},[44,33200,112],{"class":58},[44,33202,790],{"class":115},[44,33204,20035],{"class":77},[44,33206,129],{"class":115},[44,33208,59],{"class":58},[44,33210,31290],{"class":62},[44,33212,112],{"class":58},[44,33214,790],{"class":115},[44,33216,13645],{"class":77},[44,33218,129],{"class":115},[44,33220,59],{"class":58},[44,33222,18563],{"class":62},[44,33224,112],{"class":58},[44,33226,790],{"class":115},[44,33228,29056],{"class":77},[44,33230,9447],{"class":115},[44,33232,33233],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33234,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,33236,33237,33239,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,33238,6093],{"class":4003},[44,33240,21722],{"class":50},[44,33242,887],{"class":4003},[44,33244,5242],{"class":50},[44,33246,116],{"class":115},[44,33248,5492],{"class":119},[44,33250,21733],{"class":115},[44,33252,33253,33255,33257,33259],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,33254,8206],{"class":141},[44,33256,123],{"class":115},[44,33258,379],{"class":119},[44,33260,135],{"class":115},[20,33262,155],{},[35,33264,33266],{"className":37,"code":33265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33267,33268,33273,33278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33269,33270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33271,33272],{"class":77},"90\n",[44,33274,33275],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33276,33277],{"class":77},"85\n",[44,33279,33280],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,33281,33282],{"class":77},"88\n",[20,33284,17847],{},[218,33286,33287,33290,33293],{},[221,33288,33289],{},"You only need the values",[221,33291,33292],{},"You do not care about the keys",[221,33294,33295],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33297,33298,33299,3000,33303,116],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[200,33300,10876,33301,10880],{"href":17213},[15,33302,17216],{},[200,33304,22610],{"href":33305},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[30,33307,33309],{"id":33308},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33311,189,33312,33314],{},[15,33313,32877],{}," when you need a list.",[35,33316,33318],{"className":37,"code":33317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33319,33320,33366,33370,33390,33394,33405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33321,33322,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355,33358,33360,33362,33364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33323,33324],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,33326,55],{"class":54},[44,33328,10629],{"class":115},[44,33330,112],{"class":58},[44,33332,4207],{"class":62},[44,33334,112],{"class":58},[44,33336,790],{"class":115},[44,33338,3116],{"class":77},[44,33340,129],{"class":115},[44,33342,59],{"class":58},[44,33344,4216],{"class":62},[44,33346,112],{"class":58},[44,33348,790],{"class":115},[44,33350,5632],{"class":77},[44,33352,129],{"class":115},[44,33354,59],{"class":58},[44,33356,33357],{"class":62},"orange",[44,33359,112],{"class":58},[44,33361,790],{"class":115},[44,33363,2573],{"class":77},[44,33365,9447],{"class":115},[44,33367,33368],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33369,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,33371,33372,33375,33377,33379,33381,33384,33386,33388],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,33373,33374],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,33376,55],{"class":54},[44,33378,22695],{"class":1296},[44,33380,123],{"class":115},[44,33382,33383],{"class":119},"fruit_prices",[44,33385,116],{"class":115},[44,33387,5492],{"class":119},[44,33389,7332],{"class":115},[44,33391,33392],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,33393,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,33395,33396,33398,33400,33403],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,33397,142],{"class":141},[44,33399,123],{"class":115},[44,33401,33402],{"class":119},"price_list",[44,33404,135],{"class":115},[44,33406,33407,33409,33411,33413,33415,33417],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,33408,142],{"class":141},[44,33410,123],{"class":115},[44,33412,33402],{"class":119},[44,33414,4027],{"class":115},[44,33416,2240],{"class":77},[44,33418,4015],{"class":115},[20,33420,155],{},[35,33422,33424],{"className":37,"code":33423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33425,33426,33442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33427,33428,33430,33432,33434,33436,33438,33440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33429,4027],{"class":115},[44,33431,2177],{"class":77},[44,33433,129],{"class":115},[44,33435,5632],{"class":77},[44,33437,129],{"class":115},[44,33439,2573],{"class":77},[44,33441,3757],{"class":115},[44,33443,33444],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33445,17194],{"class":77},[20,33447,33448],{},"This is helpful for:",[218,33450,33451,33454,33457],{},[221,33452,33453],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[221,33455,33456],{},"Accessing values by index",[221,33458,33459],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33461,4052,33462,33464],{},[15,33463,17175],{}," is not the same as a list.",[30,33466,33468,10724,33470,10724,33472],{"id":33467},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33469,17209],{},[15,33471,17203],{},[15,33473,17216],{},[20,33475,33476],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[218,33478,33479,33484,33489],{},[221,33480,33481,33483],{},[15,33482,17209],{}," returns only the values",[221,33485,33486,33488],{},[15,33487,17203],{}," returns only the keys",[221,33490,33491,33493],{},[15,33492,17216],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33495,2246],{},[35,33497,33499],{"className":37,"code":33498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33500,33501,33537,33541,33555,33569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33502,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533,33535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33504,13003],{"class":50},[44,33506,55],{"class":54},[44,33508,10629],{"class":115},[44,33510,112],{"class":58},[44,33512,126],{"class":62},[44,33514,112],{"class":58},[44,33516,790],{"class":115},[44,33518,59],{"class":58},[44,33520,833],{"class":62},[44,33522,112],{"class":58},[44,33524,129],{"class":115},[44,33526,59],{"class":58},[44,33528,9437],{"class":62},[44,33530,112],{"class":58},[44,33532,790],{"class":115},[44,33534,7928],{"class":77},[44,33536,9447],{"class":115},[44,33538,33539],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33540,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,33542,33543,33545,33547,33549,33551,33553],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,33544,142],{"class":141},[44,33546,123],{"class":115},[44,33548,945],{"class":119},[44,33550,116],{"class":115},[44,33552,17061],{"class":119},[44,33554,7332],{"class":115},[44,33556,33557,33559,33561,33563,33565,33567],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,33558,142],{"class":141},[44,33560,123],{"class":115},[44,33562,945],{"class":119},[44,33564,116],{"class":115},[44,33566,5492],{"class":119},[44,33568,7332],{"class":115},[44,33570,33571,33573,33575,33577,33579,33581],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,33572,142],{"class":141},[44,33574,123],{"class":115},[44,33576,945],{"class":119},[44,33578,116],{"class":115},[44,33580,7948],{"class":119},[44,33582,7332],{"class":115},[20,33584,155],{},[35,33586,33588],{"className":37,"code":33587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33589,33590,33612,33630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33591,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606,33608,33610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33593,17152],{"class":119},[44,33595,3108],{"class":115},[44,33597,1338],{"class":58},[44,33599,126],{"class":62},[44,33601,1338],{"class":58},[44,33603,129],{"class":115},[44,33605,1332],{"class":58},[44,33607,9437],{"class":62},[44,33609,1338],{"class":58},[44,33611,4015],{"class":115},[44,33613,33614,33616,33618,33620,33622,33624,33626,33628],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33615,17175],{"class":119},[44,33617,3108],{"class":115},[44,33619,1338],{"class":58},[44,33621,833],{"class":62},[44,33623,1338],{"class":58},[44,33625,129],{"class":115},[44,33627,7928],{"class":77},[44,33629,4015],{"class":115},[44,33631,33632,33634,33636,33638,33640,33642,33644,33646],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,33633,22045],{"class":119},[44,33635,9796],{"class":115},[44,33637,1338],{"class":58},[44,33639,126],{"class":62},[44,33641,1338],{"class":58},[44,33643,129],{"class":115},[44,33645,7928],{"class":77},[44,33647,10818],{"class":115},[20,33649,18832],{},[218,33651,33652,33659,33666],{},[221,33653,33654,33658],{},[200,33655,33656],{"href":17200},[15,33657,17203],{}," when you need just the keys",[221,33660,33661,33665],{},[200,33662,33663],{"href":17206},[15,33664,17209],{}," when you need just the values",[221,33667,33668,33672],{},[200,33669,33670],{"href":17213},[15,33671,17216],{}," when you need both",[30,33674,4648],{"id":4647},[20,33676,33677,33678,116],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33679,17209],{},[1474,33681,29786,33683,33685],{"id":33682},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33684,17209],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33687,33688,33690],{},[15,33689,17209],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33692,16781],{},[35,33694,33696],{"className":37,"code":33695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33697,33698,33718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33699,33700,33702,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33701,8446],{"class":50},[44,33703,55],{"class":54},[44,33705,3744],{"class":115},[44,33707,3111],{"class":77},[44,33709,129],{"class":115},[44,33711,3116],{"class":77},[44,33713,129],{"class":115},[44,33715,2573],{"class":77},[44,33717,3757],{"class":115},[44,33719,33720,33722,33724,33726,33728,33730],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33721,142],{"class":141},[44,33723,123],{"class":115},[44,33725,8477],{"class":119},[44,33727,116],{"class":115},[44,33729,5492],{"class":119},[44,33731,7332],{"class":115},[20,33733,33734,33735,33737],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33736,17209],{}," method.",[20,33739,33740],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,33742,33744],{"className":37,"code":33743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33745,33746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33747,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33749,142],{"class":141},[44,33751,123],{"class":115},[44,33753,1297],{"class":1296},[44,33755,123],{"class":115},[44,33757,8477],{"class":119},[44,33759,567],{"class":115},[20,33761,33762,33763,33765,33766,116],{},"If you get an ",[15,33764,25806],{},", see ",[200,33767,25814,33768,33770],{"href":25813},[15,33769,25817],{}," errors",[1474,33772,4709,33774,33776],{"id":33773},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33775,17209],{}," returns a list",[20,33778,33779],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,33781,33783],{"className":37,"code":33782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33784,33785,33821,33835,33839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33786,33787,33789,33791,33793,33795,33797,33799,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33788,13003],{"class":50},[44,33790,55],{"class":54},[44,33792,10629],{"class":115},[44,33794,112],{"class":58},[44,33796,126],{"class":62},[44,33798,112],{"class":58},[44,33800,790],{"class":115},[44,33802,59],{"class":58},[44,33804,833],{"class":62},[44,33806,112],{"class":58},[44,33808,129],{"class":115},[44,33810,59],{"class":58},[44,33812,9437],{"class":62},[44,33814,112],{"class":58},[44,33816,790],{"class":115},[44,33818,7928],{"class":77},[44,33820,9447],{"class":115},[44,33822,33823,33825,33827,33829,33831,33833],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33824,3948],{"class":50},[44,33826,55],{"class":54},[44,33828,13045],{"class":50},[44,33830,116],{"class":115},[44,33832,5492],{"class":119},[44,33834,8782],{"class":115},[44,33836,33837],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,33838,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,33840,33841,33843,33845,33847,33849,33851],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,33842,142],{"class":141},[44,33844,123],{"class":115},[44,33846,1297],{"class":1296},[44,33848,123],{"class":115},[44,33850,5492],{"class":119},[44,33852,567],{"class":115},[20,33854,155],{},[35,33856,33858],{"className":37,"code":33857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33859,33860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33861,33862,33864,33866,33868,33870,33872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33863,1326],{"class":54},[44,33865,1329],{"class":1075},[44,33867,1332],{"class":58},[44,33869,17175],{"class":62},[44,33871,1338],{"class":58},[44,33873,1341],{"class":54},[20,33875,5280,33876,33878],{},[15,33877,17175],{},", not a list.",[20,33880,33881],{},"If you need a list:",[35,33883,33885],{"className":37,"code":33884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33886,33887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33888,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33890,3948],{"class":50},[44,33892,55],{"class":54},[44,33894,22695],{"class":1296},[44,33896,123],{"class":115},[44,33898,945],{"class":119},[44,33900,116],{"class":115},[44,33902,5492],{"class":119},[44,33904,7332],{"class":115},[1474,33906,33908,33909],{"id":33907},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33910,17175],{},[20,33912,33913],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,33915,33917],{"className":37,"code":33916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33918,33919,33955,33969,33973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33920,33921,33923,33925,33927,33929,33931,33933,33935,33937,33939,33941,33943,33945,33947,33949,33951,33953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33922,13003],{"class":50},[44,33924,55],{"class":54},[44,33926,10629],{"class":115},[44,33928,112],{"class":58},[44,33930,126],{"class":62},[44,33932,112],{"class":58},[44,33934,790],{"class":115},[44,33936,59],{"class":58},[44,33938,833],{"class":62},[44,33940,112],{"class":58},[44,33942,129],{"class":115},[44,33944,59],{"class":58},[44,33946,9437],{"class":62},[44,33948,112],{"class":58},[44,33950,790],{"class":115},[44,33952,7928],{"class":77},[44,33954,9447],{"class":115},[44,33956,33957,33959,33961,33963,33965,33967],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,33958,3948],{"class":50},[44,33960,55],{"class":54},[44,33962,13045],{"class":50},[44,33964,116],{"class":115},[44,33966,5492],{"class":119},[44,33968,8782],{"class":115},[44,33970,33971],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,33972,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,33974,33975],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,33976,33977],{"class":3787},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33979,33980],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,33982,33984],{"className":37,"code":33983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33985,33986,34022,34040,34044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33987,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000,34002,34004,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016,34018,34020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33989,13003],{"class":50},[44,33991,55],{"class":54},[44,33993,10629],{"class":115},[44,33995,112],{"class":58},[44,33997,126],{"class":62},[44,33999,112],{"class":58},[44,34001,790],{"class":115},[44,34003,59],{"class":58},[44,34005,833],{"class":62},[44,34007,112],{"class":58},[44,34009,129],{"class":115},[44,34011,59],{"class":58},[44,34013,9437],{"class":62},[44,34015,112],{"class":58},[44,34017,790],{"class":115},[44,34019,7928],{"class":77},[44,34021,9447],{"class":115},[44,34023,34024,34026,34028,34030,34032,34034,34036,34038],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34025,3948],{"class":50},[44,34027,55],{"class":54},[44,34029,22695],{"class":1296},[44,34031,123],{"class":115},[44,34033,945],{"class":119},[44,34035,116],{"class":115},[44,34037,5492],{"class":119},[44,34039,7332],{"class":115},[44,34041,34042],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,34043,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,34045,34046,34048,34050,34052,34054,34056],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,34047,142],{"class":141},[44,34049,123],{"class":115},[44,34051,5492],{"class":119},[44,34053,4027],{"class":115},[44,34055,2240],{"class":77},[44,34057,4015],{"class":115},[1474,34059,8556,34061,11232,34063],{"id":34060},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34062,5492],{},[15,34064,17209],{},[20,34066,34067],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,34069,34071],{"className":37,"code":34070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34072,34073,34109,34113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34074,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085,34087,34089,34091,34093,34095,34097,34099,34101,34103,34105,34107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34076,13003],{"class":50},[44,34078,55],{"class":54},[44,34080,10629],{"class":115},[44,34082,112],{"class":58},[44,34084,126],{"class":62},[44,34086,112],{"class":58},[44,34088,790],{"class":115},[44,34090,59],{"class":58},[44,34092,833],{"class":62},[44,34094,112],{"class":58},[44,34096,129],{"class":115},[44,34098,59],{"class":58},[44,34100,9437],{"class":62},[44,34102,112],{"class":58},[44,34104,790],{"class":115},[44,34106,7928],{"class":77},[44,34108,9447],{"class":115},[44,34110,34111],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34112,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,34114,34115,34117,34119,34121,34123,34125],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,34116,142],{"class":141},[44,34118,123],{"class":115},[44,34120,945],{"class":119},[44,34122,116],{"class":115},[44,34124,5492],{"class":685},[44,34126,135],{"class":115},[20,34128,34129,34132],{},[15,34130,34131],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34134,18832],{},[35,34136,34138],{"className":37,"code":34137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34139,34140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34141,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150,34152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34143,142],{"class":141},[44,34145,123],{"class":115},[44,34147,945],{"class":119},[44,34149,116],{"class":115},[44,34151,5492],{"class":119},[44,34153,7332],{"class":115},[1474,34155,34157],{"id":34156},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34159,34160],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,34162,34164],{"className":37,"code":34163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34165,34166,34198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34167,34168,34170,34172,34174,34176,34178,34180,34182,34184,34186,34188,34190,34192,34194,34196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34169,9306],{"class":50},[44,34171,55],{"class":54},[44,34173,10629],{"class":115},[44,34175,112],{"class":58},[44,34177,200],{"class":62},[44,34179,112],{"class":58},[44,34181,790],{"class":115},[44,34183,5632],{"class":77},[44,34185,129],{"class":115},[44,34187,59],{"class":58},[44,34189,4891],{"class":62},[44,34191,112],{"class":58},[44,34193,790],{"class":115},[44,34195,3116],{"class":77},[44,34197,9447],{"class":115},[44,34199,34200,34202,34204,34206,34208,34210],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34201,142],{"class":141},[44,34203,123],{"class":115},[44,34205,9343],{"class":119},[44,34207,116],{"class":115},[44,34209,5492],{"class":119},[44,34211,7332],{"class":115},[20,34213,34214],{},"Not like this:",[35,34216,34218],{"className":37,"code":34217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34219,34220,34225,34230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34221,34222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34223,34224],{"class":3787},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,34226,34227],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34228,34229],{"class":3787},"# data().values()\n",[44,34231,34232],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,34233,34234],{"class":3787},"# values(data)\n",[20,34236,3461],{},[35,34238,34240],{"className":37,"code":34239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34241,34242,34256,34266,34280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34243,34244,34246,34248,34250,34252,34254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34245,142],{"class":141},[44,34247,123],{"class":115},[44,34249,1297],{"class":1296},[44,34251,123],{"class":115},[44,34253,11589],{"class":119},[44,34255,567],{"class":115},[44,34257,34258,34260,34262,34264],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34259,142],{"class":141},[44,34261,123],{"class":115},[44,34263,11589],{"class":119},[44,34265,135],{"class":115},[44,34267,34268,34270,34272,34274,34276,34278],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,34269,142],{"class":141},[44,34271,123],{"class":115},[44,34273,11589],{"class":119},[44,34275,116],{"class":115},[44,34277,5492],{"class":119},[44,34279,7332],{"class":115},[44,34281,34282,34284,34286,34288,34290,34292,34294,34296],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,34283,142],{"class":141},[44,34285,123],{"class":115},[44,34287,8231],{"class":1296},[44,34289,123],{"class":115},[44,34291,11589],{"class":119},[44,34293,116],{"class":115},[44,34295,5492],{"class":119},[44,34297,6426],{"class":115},[30,34299,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,34301,5274,34303,5277],{"id":34302},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34304,32456],{},[20,34306,17558,34307,34309],{},[15,34308,17175],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1474,34311,12844,34313,24067],{"id":34312},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34314,17209],{},[20,34316,24070,34317,24074],{},[15,34318,34319],{},"list(...)",[1474,34321,26191,34323,1995],{"id":34322},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34324,32456],{},[20,34326,34327,34328,26199],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34329,6093],{},[1474,34331,12844,34333,34335],{"id":34332},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34334,32456],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34337,34338],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1474,34340,34342,34343,34345,34346,1995],{"id":34341},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34344,17209],{}," different from ",[15,34347,17216],{},[20,34349,34350,34352,34353,34355],{},[15,34351,17209],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34354,17216],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[30,34357,2019],{"id":2018},[218,34359,34360,34366,34372,34376,34382,34386],{},[221,34361,34362],{},[200,34363,10876,34364,10880],{"href":17200},[15,34365,17203],{},[221,34367,34368],{},[200,34369,10876,34370,10880],{"href":17213},[15,34371,17216],{},[221,34373,34374],{},[200,34375,11383],{"href":9529},[221,34377,34378],{},[200,34379,34381],{"href":34380},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[221,34383,34384],{},[200,34385,24152],{"href":33305},[221,34387,34388],{},[200,34389,30484,34390],{"href":25813},[15,34391,34392],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2048,34394,34395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":34397},[34398,34399,34401,34402,34404,34405,34406,34407,34409,34420,34432],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":32626,"depth":69,"text":34400},"What values() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":32696,"depth":69,"text":34403},"What values() returns",{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":33175,"depth":69,"text":33176},{"id":33308,"depth":69,"text":33309},{"id":33467,"depth":69,"text":34408},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":34410},[34411,34413,34415,34417,34419],{"id":33682,"depth":81,"text":34412},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33773,"depth":81,"text":34414},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33907,"depth":81,"text":34416},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34060,"depth":81,"text":34418},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34156,"depth":81,"text":34157},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":34421},[34422,34424,34426,34428,34430],{"id":34302,"depth":81,"text":34423},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34312,"depth":81,"text":34425},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34322,"depth":81,"text":34427},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34332,"depth":81,"text":34429},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34341,"depth":81,"text":34431},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32443,"description":34433},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34439,"title":34440,"body":34441,"description":35869,"extension":2084,"meta":35870,"navigation":84,"path":35871,"seo":35872,"stem":35873,"__hash__":35874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34442,"toc":35821},[34443,34449,34454,34457,34473,34482,34484,34516,34522,34525,34620,34623,34628,34633,34636,34647,34649,34663,34669,34671,34676,34682,34685,34724,34732,34737,34740,34785,34788,34800,34806,34812,34816,34847,34850,34868,34871,34875,34914,34916,34936,34939,34951,34956,34962,34965,35019,35022,35033,35036,35047,35050,35054,35060,35062,35092,35095,35110,35113,35116,35135,35138,35154,35163,35165,35196,35202,35207,35210,35217,35248,35251,35273,35276,35279,35293,35297,35328,35343,35350,35357,35361,35369,35373,35381,35384,35433,35444,35446,35449,35455,35460,35470,35474,35477,35480,35484,35487,35489,35510,35514,35520,35531,35537,35539,35545,35569,35572,35635,35638,35666,35669,35731,35733,35738,35741,35748,35756,35763,35766,35774,35780,35782,35809,35818],[10,34444,1013,34446,3699],{"id":34445},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34447,34448],{},"dir()",[20,34450,32453,34451,34453],{},[15,34452,34448],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34455,34456],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[218,34458,34459,34462,34465,34470],{},[221,34460,34461],{},"learning Python",[221,34463,34464],{},"exploring a new object",[221,34466,34467,34468],{},"debugging an ",[15,34469,25806],{},[221,34471,34472],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34474,34475,34476,34478,34479],{},"In short, ",[15,34477,34448],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[153,34480,34481],{},"“What can I use here?”",[30,34483,33],{"id":32},[35,34485,34487],{"className":37,"code":34486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34488,34489,34501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34490,34491,34493,34495,34497,34499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34492,51],{"class":50},[44,34494,55],{"class":54},[44,34496,59],{"class":58},[44,34498,3971],{"class":62},[44,34500,66],{"class":58},[44,34502,34503,34505,34507,34510,34512,34514],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34504,142],{"class":141},[44,34506,123],{"class":115},[44,34508,34509],{"class":141},"dir",[44,34511,123],{"class":115},[44,34513,126],{"class":119},[44,34515,567],{"class":115},[20,34517,189,34518,34521],{},[15,34519,34520],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34523,34524],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,34526,34528],{"className":37,"code":34527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34529,34530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34531,34532,34534,34536,34539,34541,34543,34545,34548,34550,34552,34554,34557,34559,34561,34563,34566,34568,34570,34572,34575,34577,34579,34581,34584,34586,34588,34592,34594,34596,34598,34600,34602,34604,34607,34609,34611,34613,34616,34618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34533,4027],{"class":115},[44,34535,1338],{"class":58},[44,34537,34538],{"class":62},"__add__",[44,34540,1338],{"class":58},[44,34542,129],{"class":115},[44,34544,1332],{"class":58},[44,34546,34547],{"class":62},"__class__",[44,34549,1338],{"class":58},[44,34551,129],{"class":115},[44,34553,1332],{"class":58},[44,34555,34556],{"class":62},"__contains__",[44,34558,1338],{"class":58},[44,34560,129],{"class":115},[44,34562,1332],{"class":58},[44,34564,34565],{"class":62},"__delattr__",[44,34567,1338],{"class":58},[44,34569,129],{"class":115},[44,34571,1332],{"class":58},[44,34573,34574],{"class":62},"__dir__",[44,34576,1338],{"class":58},[44,34578,129],{"class":115},[44,34580,1332],{"class":58},[44,34582,34583],{"class":62},"__doc__",[44,34585,1338],{"class":58},[44,34587,129],{"class":115},[44,34589,34591],{"class":34590},"s_hVV"," ...",[44,34593,129],{"class":115},[44,34595,1332],{"class":58},[44,34597,8779],{"class":62},[44,34599,1338],{"class":58},[44,34601,129],{"class":115},[44,34603,1332],{"class":58},[44,34605,34606],{"class":62},"split",[44,34608,1338],{"class":58},[44,34610,129],{"class":115},[44,34612,1332],{"class":58},[44,34614,34615],{"class":62},"upper",[44,34617,1338],{"class":58},[44,34619,3757],{"class":115},[20,34621,34622],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[30,34624,3802,34626,3805],{"id":34625},"what-dir-does",[15,34627,34448],{},[20,34629,34630,34632],{},[15,34631,34448],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34634,34635],{},"It usually includes:",[218,34637,34638,34641,34644],{},[221,34639,34640],{},"attributes",[221,34642,34643],{},"methods",[221,34645,34646],{},"special Python names",[20,34648,11598],{},[218,34650,34651,34657,34660],{},[221,34652,34653,34654],{},"The result is a ",[153,34655,34656],{},"list of strings",[221,34658,34659],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[221,34661,34662],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34664,34665,34666,34668],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34667,34448],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[30,34670,351],{"id":350},[20,34672,34673,34675],{},[15,34674,34448],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1474,34677,34679,34681],{"id":34678},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34680,34448],{}," with no argument",[20,34683,34684],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,34686,34688],{"className":37,"code":34687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34689,34690,34698,34710,34714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34691,34692,34694,34696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34693,3149],{"class":50},[44,34695,55],{"class":54},[44,34697,2709],{"class":77},[44,34699,34700,34702,34704,34706,34708],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34701,51],{"class":50},[44,34703,55],{"class":54},[44,34705,59],{"class":58},[44,34707,280],{"class":62},[44,34709,66],{"class":58},[44,34711,34712],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,34713,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,34715,34716,34718,34720,34722],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,34717,142],{"class":141},[44,34719,123],{"class":115},[44,34721,34509],{"class":141},[44,34723,7332],{"class":115},[20,34725,34726,34727,536,34729,34731],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34728,2294],{},[15,34730,126],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1474,34733,34735],{"id":34734},"dirobject",[15,34736,34520],{},[20,34738,34739],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,34741,34743],{"className":37,"code":34742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34744,34745,34763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34746,34747,34749,34751,34753,34755,34757,34759,34761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34748,142],{"class":141},[44,34750,123],{"class":115},[44,34752,34509],{"class":141},[44,34754,123],{"class":115},[44,34756,112],{"class":58},[44,34758,3971],{"class":62},[44,34760,112],{"class":58},[44,34762,567],{"class":115},[44,34764,34765,34767,34769,34771,34773,34775,34777,34779,34781,34783],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34766,142],{"class":141},[44,34768,123],{"class":115},[44,34770,34509],{"class":141},[44,34772,3108],{"class":115},[44,34774,3111],{"class":77},[44,34776,129],{"class":115},[44,34778,3116],{"class":77},[44,34780,129],{"class":115},[44,34782,2573],{"class":77},[44,34784,3123],{"class":115},[20,34786,34787],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[218,34789,34790,34792,34794,34797],{},[221,34791,5442],{},[221,34793,5433],{},[221,34795,34796],{},"modules",[221,34798,34799],{},"custom objects",[30,34801,8556,34803,34805],{"id":34802},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34804,34448],{}," with a value",[20,34807,34808,34809,34811],{},"A common use of ",[15,34810,34448],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1474,34813,34815],{"id":34814},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,34817,34819],{"className":37,"code":34818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34820,34821,34833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34822,34823,34825,34827,34829,34831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34824,248],{"class":50},[44,34826,55],{"class":54},[44,34828,59],{"class":58},[44,34830,3971],{"class":62},[44,34832,66],{"class":58},[44,34834,34835,34837,34839,34841,34843,34845],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34836,142],{"class":141},[44,34838,123],{"class":115},[44,34840,34509],{"class":141},[44,34842,123],{"class":115},[44,34844,308],{"class":119},[44,34846,567],{"class":115},[20,34848,34849],{},"You will see method names like:",[218,34851,34852,34856,34860,34864],{},[221,34853,34854],{},[15,34855,8779],{},[221,34857,34858],{},[15,34859,34615],{},[221,34861,34862],{},[15,34863,34606],{},[221,34865,34866],{},[15,34867,8773],{},[20,34869,34870],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1474,34872,34874],{"id":34873},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,34876,34878],{"className":37,"code":34877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34879,34880,34900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34881,34882,34884,34886,34888,34890,34892,34894,34896,34898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34883,3739],{"class":50},[44,34885,55],{"class":54},[44,34887,3744],{"class":115},[44,34889,3111],{"class":77},[44,34891,129],{"class":115},[44,34893,3116],{"class":77},[44,34895,129],{"class":115},[44,34897,2573],{"class":77},[44,34899,3757],{"class":115},[44,34901,34902,34904,34906,34908,34910,34912],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34903,142],{"class":141},[44,34905,123],{"class":115},[44,34907,34509],{"class":141},[44,34909,123],{"class":115},[44,34911,3771],{"class":119},[44,34913,567],{"class":115},[20,34915,34849],{},[218,34917,34918,34922,34926,34931],{},[221,34919,34920],{},[15,34921,13691],{},[221,34923,34924],{},[15,34925,26376],{},[221,34927,34928],{},[15,34929,34930],{},"remove",[221,34932,34933],{},[15,34934,34935],{},"sort",[20,34937,34938],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34940,34941,34942,34947,34948,34950],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[200,34943,34945],{"href":34944},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34946,2423],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34949,34448],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[30,34952,8556,34954,34681],{"id":34953},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34955,34448],{},[20,34957,34958,34959,34961],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34960,34448],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34963,34964],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,34966,34968],{"className":37,"code":34967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34969,34970,34979,34983,34994,35005,35009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34971,34972,34974,34976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34973,3149],{"class":50},[44,34975,55],{"class":54},[44,34977,34978],{"class":77}," 5\n",[44,34980,34981],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,34982,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,34984,34985,34988,34992],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,34986,34987],{"class":1075},"def",[44,34989,34991],{"class":34990},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,34993,21733],{"class":115},[44,34995,34996,34999,35001,35003],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,34997,34998],{"class":4003},"    return",[44,35000,59],{"class":58},[44,35002,324],{"class":62},[44,35004,66],{"class":58},[44,35006,35007],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,35008,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,35010,35011,35013,35015,35017],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,35012,142],{"class":141},[44,35014,123],{"class":115},[44,35016,34509],{"class":141},[44,35018,7332],{"class":115},[20,35020,35021],{},"The output will include names like:",[218,35023,35024,35028],{},[221,35025,35026],{},[15,35027,2294],{},[221,35029,35030],{},[15,35031,35032],{},"greet",[20,35034,35035],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[218,35037,35038,35041,35044],{},[221,35039,35040],{},"what variables exist",[221,35042,35043],{},"what functions you have defined",[221,35045,35046],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35048,35049],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[30,35051,35053],{"id":35052},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35055,35056,35057,35059],{},"When you first use ",[15,35058,34448],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35061,238],{},[35,35063,35064],{"className":37,"code":34818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35065,35066,35078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35067,35068,35070,35072,35074,35076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35069,248],{"class":50},[44,35071,55],{"class":54},[44,35073,59],{"class":58},[44,35075,3971],{"class":62},[44,35077,66],{"class":58},[44,35079,35080,35082,35084,35086,35088,35090],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35081,142],{"class":141},[44,35083,123],{"class":115},[44,35085,34509],{"class":141},[44,35087,123],{"class":115},[44,35089,308],{"class":119},[44,35091,567],{"class":115},[20,35093,35094],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[218,35096,35097,35101,35105],{},[221,35098,35099],{},[15,35100,34547],{},[221,35102,35103],{},[15,35104,34583],{},[221,35106,35107],{},[15,35108,35109],{},"__len__",[20,35111,35112],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35114,35115],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[218,35117,35118,35122,35126,35130],{},[221,35119,35120],{},[15,35121,34615],{},[221,35123,35124],{},[15,35125,8779],{},[221,35127,35128],{},[15,35129,34606],{},[221,35131,35132],{},[15,35133,35134],{},"replace",[20,35136,35137],{},"A key point to remember:",[218,35139,35140,35148],{},[221,35141,35142,35144,35145],{},[15,35143,34448],{}," lists ",[153,35146,35147],{},"names only",[221,35149,35150,35151,35153],{},"it does ",[153,35152,4761],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35155,35156,35157,116],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[200,35158,35160],{"href":35159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35161,35162],{},"help()",[20,35164,5606],{},[35,35166,35168],{"className":37,"code":35167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35169,35170,35182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35171,35172,35174,35176,35178,35180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35173,51],{"class":50},[44,35175,55],{"class":54},[44,35177,59],{"class":58},[44,35179,3971],{"class":62},[44,35181,66],{"class":58},[44,35183,35184,35186,35188,35190,35192,35194],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35185,1934],{"class":141},[44,35187,123],{"class":115},[44,35189,126],{"class":119},[44,35191,116],{"class":115},[44,35193,34615],{"class":685},[44,35195,135],{"class":115},[30,35197,35199,35201],{"id":35198},"dir-on-modules",[15,35200,34448],{}," on modules",[20,35203,15852,35204,35206],{},[15,35205,34448],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35208,35209],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1474,35211,35213,35214,35216],{"id":35212},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35215,18554],{}," module",[35,35218,35220],{"className":37,"code":35219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35221,35222,35230,35234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35223,35224,35227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35225,35226],{"class":4003},"import",[44,35228,35229],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,35231,35232],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35233,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,35235,35236,35238,35240,35242,35244,35246],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,35237,142],{"class":141},[44,35239,123],{"class":115},[44,35241,34509],{"class":141},[44,35243,123],{"class":115},[44,35245,18554],{"class":119},[44,35247,567],{"class":115},[20,35249,35250],{},"You may see names like:",[218,35252,35253,35258,35263,35268],{},[221,35254,35255],{},[15,35256,35257],{},"sqrt",[221,35259,35260],{},[15,35261,35262],{},"ceil",[221,35264,35265],{},[15,35266,35267],{},"floor",[221,35269,35270],{},[15,35271,35272],{},"pi",[20,35274,35275],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35277,35278],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[218,35280,35281,35287],{},[221,35282,35283],{},[200,35284,35286],{"href":35285},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[221,35288,35289],{},[200,35290,35292],{"href":35291},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1474,35294,35296],{"id":35295},"another-example","Another example",[35,35298,35300],{"className":37,"code":35299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35301,35302,35309,35313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35303,35304,35306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35305,35226],{"class":4003},[44,35307,35308],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,35310,35311],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35312,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,35314,35315,35317,35319,35321,35323,35326],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,35316,142],{"class":141},[44,35318,123],{"class":115},[44,35320,34509],{"class":141},[44,35322,123],{"class":115},[44,35324,35325],{"class":119},"json",[44,35327,567],{"class":115},[20,35329,35330,35331,2310,35334,2310,35337,17210,35340,116],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35332,35333],{},"dump",[15,35335,35336],{},"dumps",[15,35338,35339],{},"load",[15,35341,35342],{},"loads",[30,35344,35346,10724,35348],{"id":35345},"dir-vs-help",[15,35347,34448],{},[15,35349,35162],{},[20,35351,35352,536,35354,35356],{},[15,35353,34448],{},[15,35355,35162],{}," are often used together.",[1474,35358,35359],{"id":34509},[15,35360,34448],{},[218,35362,35363,35366],{},[221,35364,35365],{},"shows available names",[221,35367,35368],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1474,35370,35371],{"id":1934},[15,35372,35162],{},[218,35374,35375,35378],{},[221,35376,35377],{},"explains what an object or function does",[221,35379,35380],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35382,35383],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,35385,35387],{"className":37,"code":35386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35388,35389,35401,35405,35419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35390,35391,35393,35395,35397,35399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35392,51],{"class":50},[44,35394,55],{"class":54},[44,35396,59],{"class":58},[44,35398,3971],{"class":62},[44,35400,66],{"class":58},[44,35402,35403],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35404,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,35406,35407,35409,35411,35413,35415,35417],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,35408,142],{"class":141},[44,35410,123],{"class":115},[44,35412,34509],{"class":141},[44,35414,123],{"class":115},[44,35416,126],{"class":119},[44,35418,567],{"class":115},[44,35420,35421,35423,35425,35427,35429,35431],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,35422,1934],{"class":141},[44,35424,123],{"class":115},[44,35426,126],{"class":119},[44,35428,116],{"class":115},[44,35430,34615],{"class":685},[44,35432,135],{"class":115},[20,35434,189,35435,35437,35438,35440,35441,35443],{},[15,35436,34448],{}," first to find a method name.",[9984,35439],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35442,35162],{}," to understand how to use it.",[30,35445,25492],{"id":25491},[20,35447,35448],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1474,35450,35452,35454],{"id":35451},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35453,34448],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35456,35457,35459],{},[15,35458,34448],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35461,35462,35463,35465,35466,35469],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35464,34615],{}," in ",[15,35467,35468],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1474,35471,35473],{"id":35472},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35475,35476],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35478,35479],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1474,35481,35483],{"id":35482},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35485,35486],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35488,5606],{},[218,35490,35491,35496,35502],{},[221,35492,35493,35495],{},[15,35494,35468],{}," shows string-related names",[221,35497,35498,35501],{},[15,35499,35500],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[221,35503,35504,35507,35508,35216],{},[15,35505,35506],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35509,18554],{},[1474,35511,35513],{"id":35512},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35515,35516,35517,35519],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35518,34448],{}," does not mean you already know:",[218,35521,35522,35525,35528],{},[221,35523,35524],{},"what it does",[221,35526,35527],{},"what arguments it needs",[221,35529,35530],{},"what it returns",[20,35532,35533,35534,35536],{},"That is why ",[15,35535,35162],{}," is the natural next step.",[30,35538,1467],{"id":1466},[20,35540,35541,35542,35544],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35543,34448],{}," in these situations:",[218,35546,35547,35550,35559,35562],{},[221,35548,35549],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[221,35551,35552,35553,35558],{},"Seeing an ",[200,35554,35556],{"href":35555},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35557,25806],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[221,35560,35561],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[221,35563,8556,35564,35566,35567],{},[15,35565,34448],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35568,35162],{},[20,35570,35571],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,35573,35575],{"className":37,"code":35574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35576,35577,35589,35593,35607,35621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35578,35579,35581,35583,35585,35587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35580,51],{"class":50},[44,35582,55],{"class":54},[44,35584,59],{"class":58},[44,35586,3971],{"class":62},[44,35588,66],{"class":58},[44,35590,35591],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35592,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,35594,35595,35597,35599,35601,35603,35605],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,35596,142],{"class":141},[44,35598,123],{"class":115},[44,35600,1297],{"class":1296},[44,35602,123],{"class":115},[44,35604,126],{"class":119},[44,35606,567],{"class":115},[44,35608,35609,35611,35613,35615,35617,35619],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,35610,142],{"class":141},[44,35612,123],{"class":115},[44,35614,34509],{"class":141},[44,35616,123],{"class":115},[44,35618,126],{"class":119},[44,35620,567],{"class":115},[44,35622,35623,35625,35627,35629,35631,35633],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,35624,1934],{"class":141},[44,35626,123],{"class":115},[44,35628,126],{"class":119},[44,35630,116],{"class":115},[44,35632,34615],{"class":685},[44,35634,135],{"class":115},[20,35636,35637],{},"And for modules:",[35,35639,35640],{"className":37,"code":35219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35641,35642,35648,35652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35643,35644,35646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35645,35226],{"class":4003},[44,35647,35229],{"class":50},[44,35649,35650],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35651,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,35653,35654,35656,35658,35660,35662,35664],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,35655,142],{"class":141},[44,35657,123],{"class":115},[44,35659,34509],{"class":141},[44,35661,123],{"class":115},[44,35663,18554],{"class":119},[44,35665,567],{"class":115},[20,35667,35668],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,35670,35672],{"className":37,"code":35671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35673,35674,35679,35691,35701,35715,35721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35675,35676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35677,35678],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,35680,35681,35683,35685,35687,35689],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35682,51],{"class":50},[44,35684,55],{"class":54},[44,35686,59],{"class":58},[44,35688,3971],{"class":62},[44,35690,66],{"class":58},[44,35692,35693,35695,35697,35699],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,35694,34509],{"class":141},[44,35696,123],{"class":115},[44,35698,126],{"class":119},[44,35700,135],{"class":115},[44,35702,35703,35705,35707,35709,35711,35713],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,35704,1934],{"class":141},[44,35706,123],{"class":115},[44,35708,126],{"class":119},[44,35710,116],{"class":115},[44,35712,34615],{"class":685},[44,35714,135],{"class":115},[44,35716,35717,35719],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,35718,35226],{"class":4003},[44,35720,35229],{"class":50},[44,35722,35723,35725,35727,35729],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,35724,34509],{"class":141},[44,35726,123],{"class":115},[44,35728,18554],{"class":119},[44,35730,135],{"class":115},[30,35732,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,35734,5274,35736,5277],{"id":35735},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35737,34448],{},[20,35739,35740],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1474,35742,5312,35744,536,35746,1995],{"id":35743},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35745,34448],{},[15,35747,35162],{},[20,35749,35750,35752,35753,35755],{},[15,35751,34448],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35754,35162],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1474,35757,35759,35760,35762],{"id":35758},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35761,34448],{}," output?",[20,35764,35765],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1474,35767,5302,35769,35771,35772,1995],{"id":35768},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35770,34448],{}," help fix ",[15,35773,25806],{},[20,35775,35776,35777,116],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[200,35778,35779],{"href":35555},"object has no attribute",[30,35781,2019],{"id":2018},[218,35783,35784,35790,35795,35799,35803],{},[221,35785,35786],{},[200,35787,1013,35788,1017],{"href":35159},[15,35789,35162],{},[221,35791,35792],{},[200,35793,35794],{"href":35555},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[221,35796,35797],{},[200,35798,35286],{"href":35285},[221,35800,35801],{},[200,35802,35292],{"href":35291},[221,35804,35805],{},[200,35806,1013,35807,1017],{"href":34944},[15,35808,2423],{},[20,35810,35811,35812,35814,35815,35817],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35813,34448],{}," together with ",[15,35816,35162],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2048,35819,35820],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":35822},[35823,35824,35826,35831,35836,35838,35839,35845,35850,35857,35858,35868],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":34625,"depth":69,"text":35825},"What dir() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":35827},[35828,35830],{"id":34678,"depth":81,"text":35829},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34734,"depth":81,"text":34520},{"id":34802,"depth":69,"text":35832,"children":35833},"Using dir() with a value",[35834,35835],{"id":34814,"depth":81,"text":34815},{"id":34873,"depth":81,"text":34874},{"id":34953,"depth":69,"text":35837},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35052,"depth":69,"text":35053},{"id":35198,"depth":69,"text":35840,"children":35841},"dir() on modules",[35842,35844],{"id":35212,"depth":81,"text":35843},"Example: math module",{"id":35295,"depth":81,"text":35296},{"id":35345,"depth":69,"text":35846,"children":35847},"dir() vs help()",[35848,35849],{"id":34509,"depth":81,"text":34448},{"id":1934,"depth":81,"text":35162},{"id":25491,"depth":69,"text":25492,"children":35851},[35852,35854,35855,35856],{"id":35451,"depth":81,"text":35853},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35472,"depth":81,"text":35473},{"id":35482,"depth":81,"text":35483},{"id":35512,"depth":81,"text":35513},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":35859},[35860,35862,35864,35866],{"id":35735,"depth":81,"text":35861},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35743,"depth":81,"text":35863},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35758,"depth":81,"text":35865},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35768,"depth":81,"text":35867},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34440,"description":35869},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35876,"title":35877,"body":35878,"description":37696,"extension":2084,"meta":37697,"navigation":84,"path":37698,"seo":37699,"stem":37700,"__hash__":37701},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35879,"toc":37665},[35880,35886,35891,35894,35902,35908,35910,35990,35992,36018,36023,36028,36033,36036,36047,36050,36052,36131,36133,36159,36166,36168,36170,36195,36198,36211,36216,36218,36299,36301,36327,36336,36341,36349,36355,36362,36365,36367,36446,36449,36506,36508,36545,36551,36556,36561,36564,36578,36580,36683,36685,36728,36737,36747,36754,36760,36767,36850,36852,36875,36878,36881,36883,36887,36891,36894,36957,36980,36983,36987,36993,36995,37062,37065,37142,37147,37153,37156,37159,37204,37206,37230,37235,37239,37244,37250,37313,37316,37318,37321,37346,37349,37484,37486,37586,37588,37593,37596,37602,37612,37620,37625,37631,37637,37639,37662],[10,35881,1013,35883,3699],{"id":35882},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35884,35885],{},"enumerate()",[20,35887,35888,35890],{},[15,35889,35885],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35892,35893],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[218,35895,35896,35899],{},[221,35897,35898],{},"the item itself",[221,35900,35901],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35903,35904,35905,35907],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35906,35885],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[30,35909,33],{"id":32},[35,35911,35913],{"className":37,"code":35912,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35914,35915,35947,35951,35974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35916,35917,35919,35921,35923,35925,35927,35929,35931,35933,35935,35937,35939,35941,35943,35945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35918,13213],{"class":50},[44,35920,55],{"class":54},[44,35922,3744],{"class":115},[44,35924,112],{"class":58},[44,35926,13230],{"class":62},[44,35928,112],{"class":58},[44,35930,129],{"class":115},[44,35932,59],{"class":58},[44,35934,17592],{"class":62},[44,35936,112],{"class":58},[44,35938,129],{"class":115},[44,35940,59],{"class":58},[44,35942,13247],{"class":62},[44,35944,112],{"class":58},[44,35946,3757],{"class":115},[44,35948,35949],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,35950,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,35952,35953,35955,35958,35960,35963,35965,35968,35970,35972],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,35954,6093],{"class":4003},[44,35956,35957],{"class":50}," index",[44,35959,129],{"class":115},[44,35961,35962],{"class":50}," color ",[44,35964,887],{"class":4003},[44,35966,35967],{"class":141}," enumerate",[44,35969,123],{"class":115},[44,35971,17639],{"class":119},[44,35973,8480],{"class":115},[44,35975,35976,35978,35980,35983,35985,35988],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,35977,8206],{"class":141},[44,35979,123],{"class":115},[44,35981,35982],{"class":119},"index",[44,35984,129],{"class":115},[44,35986,35987],{"class":119}," color",[44,35989,135],{"class":115},[20,35991,155],{},[35,35993,35995],{"className":37,"code":35994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35996,35997,36004,36011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35998,35999,36001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36000,2240],{"class":77},[44,36002,36003],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,36005,36006,36008],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36007,3111],{"class":77},[44,36009,36010],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,36012,36013,36015],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36014,2177],{"class":77},[44,36016,36017],{"class":50}," blue\n",[20,36019,189,36020,36022],{},[15,36021,35885],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[30,36024,3802,36026,3805],{"id":36025},"what-enumerate-does",[15,36027,35885],{},[20,36029,36030,36032],{},[15,36031,35885],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,36034,36035],{},"It is commonly used with:",[218,36037,36038,36040,36042,36044],{},[221,36039,5433],{},[221,36041,5436],{},[221,36043,5442],{},[221,36045,36046],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36048,36049],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36051,238],{},[35,36053,36055],{"className":37,"code":36054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36056,36057,36091,36095,36116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36058,36059,36061,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36073,36075,36078,36080,36082,36084,36087,36089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36060,5126],{"class":50},[44,36062,55],{"class":54},[44,36064,3744],{"class":115},[44,36066,112],{"class":58},[44,36068,833],{"class":62},[44,36070,112],{"class":58},[44,36072,129],{"class":115},[44,36074,59],{"class":58},[44,36076,36077],{"class":62},"Ben",[44,36079,112],{"class":58},[44,36081,129],{"class":115},[44,36083,59],{"class":58},[44,36085,36086],{"class":62},"Cara",[44,36088,112],{"class":58},[44,36090,3757],{"class":115},[44,36092,36093],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36094,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,36096,36097,36099,36101,36103,36106,36108,36110,36112,36114],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36098,6093],{"class":4003},[44,36100,35957],{"class":50},[44,36102,129],{"class":115},[44,36104,36105],{"class":50}," name ",[44,36107,887],{"class":4003},[44,36109,35967],{"class":141},[44,36111,123],{"class":115},[44,36113,5170],{"class":119},[44,36115,8480],{"class":115},[44,36117,36118,36120,36122,36124,36126,36129],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,36119,8206],{"class":141},[44,36121,123],{"class":115},[44,36123,35982],{"class":119},[44,36125,129],{"class":115},[44,36127,36128],{"class":119}," name",[44,36130,135],{"class":115},[20,36132,155],{},[35,36134,36136],{"className":37,"code":36135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36137,36138,36145,36152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36139,36140,36142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36141,2240],{"class":77},[44,36143,36144],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,36146,36147,36149],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36148,3111],{"class":77},[44,36150,36151],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,36153,36154,36156],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36155,2177],{"class":77},[44,36157,36158],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,36160,36161,36162,116],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[200,36163,36165],{"href":36164},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[30,36167,351],{"id":350},[20,36169,2280],{},[35,36171,36173],{"className":37,"code":36172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36174,36175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36176,36177,36180,36182,36184,36186,36189,36191,36193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36178,36179],{"class":141},"enumerate",[44,36181,123],{"class":115},[44,36183,3846],{"class":119},[44,36185,129],{"class":115},[44,36187,36188],{"class":826}," start",[44,36190,55],{"class":54},[44,36192,2240],{"class":77},[44,36194,135],{"class":115},[20,36196,36197],{},"It has two parts:",[218,36199,36200,36205],{},[221,36201,36202,36204],{},[15,36203,3846],{},": the object you want to loop through",[221,36206,36207,36210],{},[15,36208,36209],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,36212,36213,36214,116],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36215,2240],{},[20,36217,238],{},[35,36219,36221],{"className":37,"code":36220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36222,36223,36256,36260,36283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36224,36225,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36226,36227],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,36229,55],{"class":54},[44,36231,3744],{"class":115},[44,36233,112],{"class":58},[44,36235,200],{"class":62},[44,36237,112],{"class":58},[44,36239,129],{"class":115},[44,36241,59],{"class":58},[44,36243,4891],{"class":62},[44,36245,112],{"class":58},[44,36247,129],{"class":115},[44,36249,59],{"class":58},[44,36251,9878],{"class":62},[44,36253,112],{"class":58},[44,36255,3757],{"class":115},[44,36257,36258],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36259,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,36261,36262,36264,36267,36269,36272,36274,36276,36278,36281],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36263,6093],{"class":4003},[44,36265,36266],{"class":50}," i",[44,36268,129],{"class":115},[44,36270,36271],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,36273,887],{"class":4003},[44,36275,35967],{"class":141},[44,36277,123],{"class":115},[44,36279,36280],{"class":119},"letters",[44,36282,8480],{"class":115},[44,36284,36285,36287,36289,36292,36294,36297],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,36286,8206],{"class":141},[44,36288,123],{"class":115},[44,36290,36291],{"class":119},"i",[44,36293,129],{"class":115},[44,36295,36296],{"class":119}," letter",[44,36298,135],{"class":115},[20,36300,155],{},[35,36302,36304],{"className":37,"code":36303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36305,36306,36313,36320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36307,36308,36310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36309,2240],{"class":77},[44,36311,36312],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,36314,36315,36317],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36316,3111],{"class":77},[44,36318,36319],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,36321,36322,36324],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36323,2177],{"class":77},[44,36325,36326],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,36328,36329,36330,116],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[200,36331,1013,36333,1017],{"href":36332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,36334,36335],{},"range()",[30,36337,3802,36339,11845],{"id":36338},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36340,35885],{},[20,36342,36343,36345,36346,116],{},[15,36344,35885],{}," returns an ",[153,36347,36348],{},"enumerate object",[20,36350,36351,36352,36354],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36353,6093],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[218,36356,36357],{},[221,36358,36359],{},[15,36360,36361],{},"(index, item)",[20,36363,36364],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36366,238],{},[35,36368,36370],{"className":37,"code":36369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36371,36372,36405,36409,36431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36373,36374,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36375,36376],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,36378,55],{"class":54},[44,36380,3744],{"class":115},[44,36382,112],{"class":58},[44,36384,4207],{"class":62},[44,36386,112],{"class":58},[44,36388,129],{"class":115},[44,36390,59],{"class":58},[44,36392,4216],{"class":62},[44,36394,112],{"class":58},[44,36396,129],{"class":115},[44,36398,59],{"class":58},[44,36400,33357],{"class":62},[44,36402,112],{"class":58},[44,36404,3757],{"class":115},[44,36406,36407],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36408,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,36410,36411,36413,36415,36417,36420,36422,36424,36426,36429],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36412,6093],{"class":4003},[44,36414,35957],{"class":50},[44,36416,129],{"class":115},[44,36418,36419],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,36421,887],{"class":4003},[44,36423,35967],{"class":141},[44,36425,123],{"class":115},[44,36427,36428],{"class":119},"fruits",[44,36430,8480],{"class":115},[44,36432,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441,36444],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,36434,8206],{"class":141},[44,36436,123],{"class":115},[44,36438,35982],{"class":119},[44,36440,129],{"class":115},[44,36442,36443],{"class":119}," fruit",[44,36445,135],{"class":115},[20,36447,36448],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,36450,36452],{"className":37,"code":36451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36453,36454,36474,36478,36496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36455,36456,36458,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36457,3739],{"class":50},[44,36459,55],{"class":54},[44,36461,3744],{"class":115},[44,36463,2451],{"class":77},[44,36465,129],{"class":115},[44,36467,7928],{"class":77},[44,36469,129],{"class":115},[44,36471,7933],{"class":77},[44,36473,3757],{"class":115},[44,36475,36476],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36477,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,36479,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36481,2351],{"class":50},[44,36483,55],{"class":54},[44,36485,22695],{"class":1296},[44,36487,123],{"class":115},[44,36489,36179],{"class":141},[44,36491,123],{"class":115},[44,36493,3771],{"class":119},[44,36495,567],{"class":115},[44,36497,36498,36500,36502,36504],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,36499,142],{"class":141},[44,36501,123],{"class":115},[44,36503,2386],{"class":119},[44,36505,135],{"class":115},[20,36507,155],{},[35,36509,36511],{"className":37,"code":36510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36512,36513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36514,36515,36517,36519,36521,36523,36525,36527,36529,36531,36533,36535,36537,36539,36541,36543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36516,21877],{"class":115},[44,36518,2240],{"class":77},[44,36520,129],{"class":115},[44,36522,6140],{"class":77},[44,36524,9372],{"class":115},[44,36526,9375],{"class":115},[44,36528,3111],{"class":77},[44,36530,129],{"class":115},[44,36532,7928],{"class":77},[44,36534,9372],{"class":115},[44,36536,9375],{"class":115},[44,36538,2177],{"class":77},[44,36540,129],{"class":115},[44,36542,7933],{"class":77},[44,36544,9388],{"class":115},[20,36546,36547,36548,36550],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36549,35885],{}," produces.",[30,36552,5092,36554],{"id":36553},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36555,35885],{},[20,36557,189,36558,36560],{},[15,36559,35885],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36562,36563],{},"Common cases:",[218,36565,36566,36569,36572,36575],{},[221,36567,36568],{},"printing numbered output",[221,36570,36571],{},"building menus",[221,36573,36574],{},"showing positions in a list",[221,36576,36577],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36579,238],{},[35,36581,36583],{"className":37,"code":36582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36584,36585,36620,36624,36654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36586,36587,36589,36591,36593,36595,36598,36600,36602,36604,36607,36609,36611,36613,36616,36618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36588,30034],{"class":50},[44,36590,55],{"class":54},[44,36592,3744],{"class":115},[44,36594,112],{"class":58},[44,36596,36597],{"class":62},"Wash dishes",[44,36599,112],{"class":58},[44,36601,129],{"class":115},[44,36603,59],{"class":58},[44,36605,36606],{"class":62},"Study Python",[44,36608,112],{"class":58},[44,36610,129],{"class":115},[44,36612,59],{"class":58},[44,36614,36615],{"class":62},"Go for a walk",[44,36617,112],{"class":58},[44,36619,3757],{"class":115},[44,36621,36622],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36623,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,36625,36626,36628,36630,36632,36635,36637,36639,36641,36644,36646,36648,36650,36652],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36627,6093],{"class":4003},[44,36629,2318],{"class":50},[44,36631,129],{"class":115},[44,36633,36634],{"class":50}," task ",[44,36636,887],{"class":4003},[44,36638,35967],{"class":141},[44,36640,123],{"class":115},[44,36642,36643],{"class":119},"tasks",[44,36645,129],{"class":115},[44,36647,36188],{"class":826},[44,36649,55],{"class":54},[44,36651,3111],{"class":77},[44,36653,8480],{"class":115},[44,36655,36656,36658,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674,36677,36679,36681],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,36657,8206],{"class":141},[44,36659,123],{"class":115},[44,36661,1436],{"class":1075},[44,36663,112],{"class":62},[44,36665,1072],{"class":77},[44,36667,2361],{"class":119},[44,36669,1078],{"class":77},[44,36671,28449],{"class":62},[44,36673,1072],{"class":77},[44,36675,36676],{"class":119},"task",[44,36678,1078],{"class":77},[44,36680,112],{"class":62},[44,36682,135],{"class":115},[20,36684,155],{},[35,36686,36688],{"className":37,"code":36687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36689,36690,36702,36714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36691,36692,36694,36696,36699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36693,3111],{"class":77},[44,36695,116],{"class":115},[44,36697,36698],{"class":685}," Wash",[44,36700,36701],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,36703,36704,36706,36708,36711],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36705,2177],{"class":77},[44,36707,116],{"class":115},[44,36709,36710],{"class":685}," Study",[44,36712,36713],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,36715,36716,36718,36720,36723,36725],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36717,2183],{"class":77},[44,36719,116],{"class":115},[44,36721,36722],{"class":685}," Go",[44,36724,4004],{"class":4003},[44,36726,36727],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,36729,36730,36731,36733,36734,116],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36732,35885],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36735,36736],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36738,36739,36740,116],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[200,36741,36743,36744,36746],{"href":36742},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36745,35885],{}," in Python",[30,36748,36750,36751,36753],{"id":36749},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36752,36209],{}," argument",[20,36755,36756,36757,36759],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36758,36209],{}," argument.",[20,36761,36762,36763,11232,36765,790],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36764,3111],{},[15,36766,2240],{},[35,36768,36770],{"className":37,"code":36769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36771,36772,36804,36808,36836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36773,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790,36792,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36775,13213],{"class":50},[44,36777,55],{"class":54},[44,36779,3744],{"class":115},[44,36781,112],{"class":58},[44,36783,13230],{"class":62},[44,36785,112],{"class":58},[44,36787,129],{"class":115},[44,36789,59],{"class":58},[44,36791,17592],{"class":62},[44,36793,112],{"class":58},[44,36795,129],{"class":115},[44,36797,59],{"class":58},[44,36799,13247],{"class":62},[44,36801,112],{"class":58},[44,36803,3757],{"class":115},[44,36805,36806],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36807,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,36809,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36811,6093],{"class":4003},[44,36813,35957],{"class":50},[44,36815,129],{"class":115},[44,36817,35962],{"class":50},[44,36819,887],{"class":4003},[44,36821,35967],{"class":141},[44,36823,123],{"class":115},[44,36825,17639],{"class":119},[44,36827,129],{"class":115},[44,36829,36188],{"class":826},[44,36831,55],{"class":54},[44,36833,3111],{"class":77},[44,36835,8480],{"class":115},[44,36837,36838,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,36839,8206],{"class":141},[44,36841,123],{"class":115},[44,36843,35982],{"class":119},[44,36845,129],{"class":115},[44,36847,35987],{"class":119},[44,36849,135],{"class":115},[20,36851,155],{},[35,36853,36855],{"className":37,"code":36854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36856,36857,36863,36869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36858,36859,36861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36860,3111],{"class":77},[44,36862,36003],{"class":50},[44,36864,36865,36867],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36866,2177],{"class":77},[44,36868,36010],{"class":50},[44,36870,36871,36873],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36872,2183],{"class":77},[44,36874,36017],{"class":50},[20,36876,36877],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36879,36880],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[30,36882,25492],{"id":25491},[20,36884,25495,36885,116],{},[15,36886,35885],{},[1474,36888,36890],{"id":36889},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36892,36893],{},"In this loop:",[35,36895,36897],{"className":37,"code":36896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36898,36899,36919,36923,36943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36900,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911,36913,36915,36917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36902,3739],{"class":50},[44,36904,55],{"class":54},[44,36906,3744],{"class":115},[44,36908,2451],{"class":77},[44,36910,129],{"class":115},[44,36912,7928],{"class":77},[44,36914,129],{"class":115},[44,36916,7933],{"class":77},[44,36918,3757],{"class":115},[44,36920,36921],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,36922,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,36924,36925,36927,36929,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,36926,6093],{"class":4003},[44,36928,35957],{"class":50},[44,36930,129],{"class":115},[44,36932,21722],{"class":50},[44,36934,887],{"class":4003},[44,36936,35967],{"class":141},[44,36938,123],{"class":115},[44,36940,3771],{"class":119},[44,36942,8480],{"class":115},[44,36944,36945,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,36946,8206],{"class":141},[44,36948,123],{"class":115},[44,36950,35982],{"class":119},[44,36952,129],{"class":115},[44,36954,8572],{"class":119},[44,36956,135],{"class":115},[218,36958,36959,36969],{},[221,36960,36961,4914,36963,2310,36965,2310,36967],{},[15,36962,35982],{},[15,36964,2240],{},[15,36966,3111],{},[15,36968,2177],{},[221,36970,36971,4914,36973,2310,36975,2310,36977],{},[15,36972,379],{},[15,36974,2451],{},[15,36976,15892],{},[15,36978,36979],{},"30",[20,36981,36982],{},"These are different things.",[1474,36984,36986],{"id":36985},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36988,36989,36990,36992],{},"Each item from ",[15,36991,35885],{}," is a pair.",[20,36994,6825],{},[35,36996,36998],{"className":37,"code":36997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36999,37000,37024,37028,37048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37001,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37003,7917],{"class":50},[44,37005,55],{"class":54},[44,37007,3744],{"class":115},[44,37009,112],{"class":58},[44,37011,2294],{"class":62},[44,37013,112],{"class":58},[44,37015,129],{"class":115},[44,37017,59],{"class":58},[44,37019,11885],{"class":62},[44,37021,112],{"class":58},[44,37023,3757],{"class":115},[44,37025,37026],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37027,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,37029,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,37031,6093],{"class":4003},[44,37033,36266],{"class":50},[44,37035,129],{"class":115},[44,37037,6096],{"class":50},[44,37039,887],{"class":4003},[44,37041,35967],{"class":141},[44,37043,123],{"class":115},[44,37045,7948],{"class":119},[44,37047,8480],{"class":115},[44,37049,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,37051,8206],{"class":141},[44,37053,123],{"class":115},[44,37055,36291],{"class":119},[44,37057,129],{"class":115},[44,37059,29643],{"class":119},[44,37061,135],{"class":115},[20,37063,37064],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,37066,37068],{"className":37,"code":37067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37069,37070,37094,37098,37123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37071,37072,37074,37076,37078,37080,37082,37084,37086,37088,37090,37092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37073,7917],{"class":50},[44,37075,55],{"class":54},[44,37077,3744],{"class":115},[44,37079,112],{"class":58},[44,37081,2294],{"class":62},[44,37083,112],{"class":58},[44,37085,129],{"class":115},[44,37087,59],{"class":58},[44,37089,11885],{"class":62},[44,37091,112],{"class":58},[44,37093,3757],{"class":115},[44,37095,37096],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37097,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,37099,37100,37102,37104,37106,37108,37110,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,37101,6093],{"class":4003},[44,37103,36266],{"class":50},[44,37105,129],{"class":115},[44,37107,29643],{"class":50},[44,37109,129],{"class":115},[44,37111,37112],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,37114,887],{"class":4003},[44,37116,35967],{"class":141},[44,37118,123],{"class":115},[44,37120,7948],{"class":119},[44,37122,8480],{"class":115},[44,37124,37125,37127,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37140],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,37126,8206],{"class":141},[44,37128,123],{"class":115},[44,37130,36291],{"class":119},[44,37132,129],{"class":115},[44,37134,29643],{"class":119},[44,37136,129],{"class":115},[44,37138,37139],{"class":119}," extra",[44,37141,135],{"class":115},[20,37143,29197,37144,37146],{},[15,37145,35885],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1474,37148,37150,37152],{"id":37149},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37151,35885],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37154,37155],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37157,37158],{},"Example with a string:",[35,37160,37162],{"className":37,"code":37161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37163,37164,37189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37165,37166,37168,37170,37172,37175,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37167,6093],{"class":4003},[44,37169,35957],{"class":50},[44,37171,129],{"class":115},[44,37173,37174],{"class":50}," char ",[44,37176,887],{"class":4003},[44,37178,35967],{"class":141},[44,37180,123],{"class":115},[44,37182,112],{"class":58},[44,37184,417],{"class":62},[44,37186,112],{"class":58},[44,37188,8480],{"class":115},[44,37190,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37202],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37192,8206],{"class":141},[44,37194,123],{"class":115},[44,37196,35982],{"class":119},[44,37198,129],{"class":115},[44,37200,37201],{"class":119}," char",[44,37203,135],{"class":115},[20,37205,155],{},[35,37207,37209],{"className":37,"code":37208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37210,37211,37217,37223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37212,37213,37215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37214,2240],{"class":77},[44,37216,36326],{"class":50},[44,37218,37219,37221],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37220,3111],{"class":77},[44,37222,36312],{"class":50},[44,37224,37225,37227],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,37226,2177],{"class":77},[44,37228,37229],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,37231,37232,37233,116],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[200,37234,5268],{"href":5721},[1474,37236,37238],{"id":37237},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37240,37241,37242,116],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37243,35885],{},[20,37245,37246,37247,37249],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37248,6093],{}," loop:",[35,37251,37253],{"className":37,"code":37252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37254,37255,37287,37291,37303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37256,37257,37259,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37258,13213],{"class":50},[44,37260,55],{"class":54},[44,37262,3744],{"class":115},[44,37264,112],{"class":58},[44,37266,13230],{"class":62},[44,37268,112],{"class":58},[44,37270,129],{"class":115},[44,37272,59],{"class":58},[44,37274,17592],{"class":62},[44,37276,112],{"class":58},[44,37278,129],{"class":115},[44,37280,59],{"class":58},[44,37282,13247],{"class":62},[44,37284,112],{"class":58},[44,37286,3757],{"class":115},[44,37288,37289],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37290,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,37292,37293,37295,37297,37299,37301],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,37294,6093],{"class":4003},[44,37296,35962],{"class":50},[44,37298,887],{"class":4003},[44,37300,13261],{"class":50},[44,37302,6530],{"class":115},[44,37304,37305,37307,37309,37311],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,37306,8206],{"class":141},[44,37308,123],{"class":115},[44,37310,33027],{"class":119},[44,37312,135],{"class":115},[20,37314,37315],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[30,37317,1467],{"id":1466},[20,37319,37320],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[218,37322,37323,37328,37334,37339],{},[221,37324,23236,37325,37327],{},[15,37326,35885],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[221,37329,37330,37331,37333],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37332,2240],{}," by default",[221,37335,8556,37336,37338],{},[15,37337,35885],{}," when only values are needed",[221,37340,37341,37342,8844,37344],{},"Confusing ",[15,37343,35885],{},[15,37345,36335],{},[20,37347,37348],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,37350,37352],{"className":37,"code":37351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37353,37354,37376,37403,37437,37470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37355,37356,37358,37360,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37357,142],{"class":141},[44,37359,123],{"class":115},[44,37361,36179],{"class":141},[44,37363,3108],{"class":115},[44,37365,2451],{"class":77},[44,37367,129],{"class":115},[44,37369,7928],{"class":77},[44,37371,129],{"class":115},[44,37373,7933],{"class":77},[44,37375,3123],{"class":115},[44,37377,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37379,142],{"class":141},[44,37381,123],{"class":115},[44,37383,8231],{"class":1296},[44,37385,123],{"class":115},[44,37387,36179],{"class":141},[44,37389,3108],{"class":115},[44,37391,2451],{"class":77},[44,37393,129],{"class":115},[44,37395,7928],{"class":77},[44,37397,129],{"class":115},[44,37399,7933],{"class":77},[44,37401,37402],{"class":115},"])))\n",[44,37404,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,37406,142],{"class":141},[44,37408,123],{"class":115},[44,37410,8231],{"class":1296},[44,37412,123],{"class":115},[44,37414,36179],{"class":141},[44,37416,3108],{"class":115},[44,37418,2451],{"class":77},[44,37420,129],{"class":115},[44,37422,7928],{"class":77},[44,37424,129],{"class":115},[44,37426,7933],{"class":77},[44,37428,18199],{"class":115},[44,37430,36188],{"class":826},[44,37432,55],{"class":54},[44,37434,3111],{"class":77},[44,37436,3034],{"class":115},[44,37438,37439,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451,37453,37455,37457,37459,37461,37463,37465,37467],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,37440,6093],{"class":4003},[44,37442,36266],{"class":50},[44,37444,129],{"class":115},[44,37446,21722],{"class":50},[44,37448,887],{"class":4003},[44,37450,35967],{"class":141},[44,37452,3108],{"class":115},[44,37454,1338],{"class":58},[44,37456,200],{"class":62},[44,37458,1338],{"class":58},[44,37460,129],{"class":115},[44,37462,1332],{"class":58},[44,37464,4891],{"class":62},[44,37466,1338],{"class":58},[44,37468,37469],{"class":115},"]):\n",[44,37471,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,37473,8206],{"class":141},[44,37475,123],{"class":115},[44,37477,36291],{"class":119},[44,37479,129],{"class":115},[44,37481,8572],{"class":119},[44,37483,135],{"class":115},[20,37485,17096],{},[35,37487,37489],{"className":37,"code":37488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37490,37491,37510,37542,37574,37580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37492,37493,37495,37497,37499,37502,37505,37508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37494,1326],{"class":54},[44,37496,36179],{"class":141},[44,37498,24753],{"class":1296},[44,37500,37501],{"class":50}," at ",[44,37503,37504],{"class":1120},"0x",[44,37506,37507],{"class":34590},"...",[44,37509,1341],{"class":54},[44,37511,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536,37538,37540],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37513,21877],{"class":115},[44,37515,2240],{"class":77},[44,37517,129],{"class":115},[44,37519,6140],{"class":77},[44,37521,9372],{"class":115},[44,37523,9375],{"class":115},[44,37525,3111],{"class":77},[44,37527,129],{"class":115},[44,37529,7928],{"class":77},[44,37531,9372],{"class":115},[44,37533,9375],{"class":115},[44,37535,2177],{"class":77},[44,37537,129],{"class":115},[44,37539,7933],{"class":77},[44,37541,9388],{"class":115},[44,37543,37544,37546,37548,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,37545,21877],{"class":115},[44,37547,3111],{"class":77},[44,37549,129],{"class":115},[44,37551,6140],{"class":77},[44,37553,9372],{"class":115},[44,37555,9375],{"class":115},[44,37557,2177],{"class":77},[44,37559,129],{"class":115},[44,37561,7928],{"class":77},[44,37563,9372],{"class":115},[44,37565,9375],{"class":115},[44,37567,2183],{"class":77},[44,37569,129],{"class":115},[44,37571,7933],{"class":77},[44,37573,9388],{"class":115},[44,37575,37576,37578],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,37577,2240],{"class":77},[44,37579,36312],{"class":50},[44,37581,37582,37584],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,37583,3111],{"class":77},[44,37585,36319],{"class":50},[30,37587,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,37589,5274,37591,5277],{"id":37590},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37592,35885],{},[20,37594,37595],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1474,37597,12844,37599,37601],{"id":37598},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37600,35885],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37603,37604,37605,37607,37608,37611],{},"It starts at ",[15,37606,2240],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37609,37610],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1474,37613,21558,37615,11232,37617,1995],{"id":37614},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37616,35885],{},[15,37618,37619],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37621,36730,37622,37624],{},[15,37623,35885],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1474,37626,5302,37628,37630],{"id":37627},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37629,35885],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37632,37633,37634,37636],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37635,35885],{}," can return each character with its index.",[30,37638,2019],{"id":2018},[218,37640,37641,37645,37651,37658],{},[221,37642,37643],{},[200,37644,36165],{"href":36164},[221,37646,37647],{},[200,37648,1013,37649,1017],{"href":36332},[15,37650,36335],{},[221,37652,37653],{},[200,37654,37655,37656,36746],{"href":36742},"How to use ",[15,37657,35885],{},[221,37659,37660],{},[200,37661,5349],{"href":5721},[2048,37663,37664],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":37666},[37667,37668,37670,37671,37673,37675,37677,37684,37685,37695],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":36025,"depth":69,"text":37669},"What enumerate() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":36338,"depth":69,"text":37672},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36553,"depth":69,"text":37674},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36749,"depth":69,"text":37676},"Using the start argument",{"id":25491,"depth":69,"text":25492,"children":37678},[37679,37680,37681,37683],{"id":36889,"depth":81,"text":36890},{"id":36985,"depth":81,"text":36986},{"id":37149,"depth":81,"text":37682},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37237,"depth":81,"text":37238},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":37686},[37687,37689,37691,37693],{"id":37590,"depth":81,"text":37688},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37598,"depth":81,"text":37690},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37614,"depth":81,"text":37692},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37627,"depth":81,"text":37694},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35877,"description":37696},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37703,"title":37704,"body":37705,"description":40221,"extension":2084,"meta":40222,"navigation":84,"path":40223,"seo":40224,"stem":40225,"__hash__":40226},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37706,"toc":40178},[37707,37713,37718,37721,37729,37743,37745,37836,37844,37849,37854,37856,37872,37874,37953,37955,37972,37978,37982,37984,38005,38009,38012,38024,38028,38031,38034,38051,38054,38130,38132,38149,38154,38158,38166,38169,38184,38186,38275,38277,38322,38325,38329,38332,38411,38413,38435,38438,38445,38450,38453,38556,38558,38583,38586,38593,38599,38604,38607,38618,38724,38726,38747,38755,38762,38768,38787,38792,38795,38814,38816,38901,38903,38932,38935,38940,38945,38948,38959,38961,39050,39052,39072,39078,39184,39186,39206,39209,39293,39295,39315,39322,39324,39328,39334,39337,39394,39397,39400,39461,39470,39473,39476,39504,39507,39567,39569,39586,39590,39593,39671,39673,39693,39696,39771,39775,39778,39780,39789,39794,39796,39847,39855,39867,39872,39933,39935,39952,39956,40019,40021,40046,40054,40056,40062,40068,40075,40083,40089,40092,40099,40109,40115,40121,40124,40141,40147,40149,40175],[10,37708,1013,37710,3699],{"id":37709},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37711,37712],{},"filter()",[20,37714,37715,37717],{},[15,37716,37712],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37719,37720],{},"It takes:",[218,37722,37723,37726],{},[221,37724,37725],{},"a function that checks each item",[221,37727,37728],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37730,37731,37732,37735,37736,37739,37740,37742],{},"The result is ",[153,37733,37734],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37737,37738],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37741,24916],{}," to see the values.",[30,37744,33],{"id":32},[35,37746,37748],{"className":37,"code":37747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37749,37750,37783,37819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37751,37752,37754,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772,37774,37776,37778,37781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37753,3739],{"class":50},[44,37755,55],{"class":54},[44,37757,3744],{"class":115},[44,37759,3111],{"class":77},[44,37761,129],{"class":115},[44,37763,3116],{"class":77},[44,37765,129],{"class":115},[44,37767,2573],{"class":77},[44,37769,129],{"class":115},[44,37771,2579],{"class":77},[44,37773,129],{"class":115},[44,37775,4735],{"class":77},[44,37777,129],{"class":115},[44,37779,37780],{"class":77}," 6",[44,37782,3757],{"class":115},[44,37784,37785,37787,37789,37792,37794,37797,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37786,2351],{"class":50},[44,37788,55],{"class":54},[44,37790,37791],{"class":141}," filter",[44,37793,123],{"class":115},[44,37795,37796],{"class":1075},"lambda",[44,37798,37800],{"class":37799},"sFwrP"," x",[44,37802,790],{"class":115},[44,37804,4007],{"class":119},[44,37806,6540],{"class":54},[44,37808,3116],{"class":77},[44,37810,6545],{"class":54},[44,37812,3959],{"class":77},[44,37814,129],{"class":115},[44,37816,4392],{"class":119},[44,37818,135],{"class":115},[44,37820,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,37822,142],{"class":141},[44,37824,123],{"class":115},[44,37826,8231],{"class":1296},[44,37828,123],{"class":115},[44,37830,2386],{"class":119},[44,37832,5495],{"class":115},[44,37834,37835],{"class":3787},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37837,37838,37840,37841,37843],{},[15,37839,37712],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37842,24916],{}," to see the results.",[30,37845,3802,37847,3805],{"id":37846},"what-filter-does",[15,37848,37712],{},[20,37850,37851,37853],{},[15,37852,37712],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37855,2227],{},[218,37857,37858,37861,37867],{},[221,37859,37860],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[221,37862,37863,37864,37866],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37865,3724],{},", the item is kept",[221,37868,37863,37869,37871],{},[15,37870,3798],{},", the item is removed",[20,37873,238],{},[35,37875,37877],{"className":37,"code":37876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37878,37879,37907,37911,37939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37880,37881,37883,37885,37887,37889,37891,37893,37895,37897,37899,37901,37903,37905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37882,3739],{"class":50},[44,37884,55],{"class":54},[44,37886,3744],{"class":115},[44,37888,3111],{"class":77},[44,37890,129],{"class":115},[44,37892,3116],{"class":77},[44,37894,129],{"class":115},[44,37896,2573],{"class":77},[44,37898,129],{"class":115},[44,37900,2579],{"class":77},[44,37902,129],{"class":115},[44,37904,4735],{"class":77},[44,37906,3757],{"class":115},[44,37908,37909],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,37910,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,37912,37913,37915,37917,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927,37929,37931,37933,37935,37937],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,37914,2351],{"class":50},[44,37916,55],{"class":54},[44,37918,37791],{"class":141},[44,37920,123],{"class":115},[44,37922,37796],{"class":1075},[44,37924,37800],{"class":37799},[44,37926,790],{"class":115},[44,37928,4007],{"class":119},[44,37930,4381],{"class":54},[44,37932,2573],{"class":77},[44,37934,129],{"class":115},[44,37936,4392],{"class":119},[44,37938,135],{"class":115},[44,37940,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,37942,142],{"class":141},[44,37944,123],{"class":115},[44,37946,8231],{"class":1296},[44,37948,123],{"class":115},[44,37950,2386],{"class":119},[44,37952,567],{"class":115},[20,37954,155],{},[35,37956,37958],{"className":37,"code":37957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37959,37960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37961,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37963,4027],{"class":115},[44,37965,2626],{"class":77},[44,37967,129],{"class":115},[44,37969,4735],{"class":77},[44,37971,3757],{"class":115},[20,37973,37974,37975,37977],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37976,2183],{}," are kept.",[30,37979,37981],{"id":37980},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37983,2280],{},[35,37985,37987],{"className":37,"code":37986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37988,37989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37990,37991,37993,37995,37998,38000,38003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37992,37738],{"class":141},[44,37994,123],{"class":115},[44,37996,37997],{"class":119},"function",[44,37999,129],{"class":115},[44,38001,38002],{"class":119}," iterable",[44,38004,135],{"class":115},[1474,38006,38007],{"id":37997},[15,38008,37997],{},[20,38010,38011],{},"This is the test function.",[218,38013,38014,38017],{},[221,38015,38016],{},"It receives one item at a time",[221,38018,38019,38020,3000,38022],{},"It should return ",[15,38021,3724],{},[15,38023,3798],{},[1474,38025,38026],{"id":3846},[15,38027,3846],{},[20,38029,38030],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,38032,38033],{},"It can be:",[218,38035,38036,38039,38042,38045,38048],{},[221,38037,38038],{},"a list",[221,38040,38041],{},"a tuple",[221,38043,38044],{},"a string",[221,38046,38047],{},"a set",[221,38049,38050],{},"another iterable object",[20,38052,38053],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,38055,38057],{"className":37,"code":38056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38058,38059,38084,38088,38116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38060,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38062,3739],{"class":50},[44,38064,55],{"class":54},[44,38066,9375],{"class":115},[44,38068,2451],{"class":77},[44,38070,129],{"class":115},[44,38072,38073],{"class":77}," 15",[44,38075,129],{"class":115},[44,38077,7928],{"class":77},[44,38079,129],{"class":115},[44,38081,9444],{"class":77},[44,38083,135],{"class":115},[44,38085,38086],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38087,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,38089,38090,38092,38094,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106,38108,38110,38112,38114],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,38091,2351],{"class":50},[44,38093,55],{"class":54},[44,38095,37791],{"class":141},[44,38097,123],{"class":115},[44,38099,37796],{"class":1075},[44,38101,37800],{"class":37799},[44,38103,790],{"class":115},[44,38105,4007],{"class":119},[44,38107,5230],{"class":54},[44,38109,7928],{"class":77},[44,38111,129],{"class":115},[44,38113,4392],{"class":119},[44,38115,135],{"class":115},[44,38117,38118,38120,38122,38124,38126,38128],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,38119,142],{"class":141},[44,38121,123],{"class":115},[44,38123,8231],{"class":1296},[44,38125,123],{"class":115},[44,38127,2386],{"class":119},[44,38129,567],{"class":115},[20,38131,155],{},[35,38133,38135],{"className":37,"code":38134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38136,38137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38138,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38140,4027],{"class":115},[44,38142,15892],{"class":77},[44,38144,129],{"class":115},[44,38146,9444],{"class":77},[44,38148,3757],{"class":115},[20,38150,38151,38152,116],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[200,38153,5268],{"href":5721},[30,38155,38157],{"id":38156},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38159,38160,38161,22112,38163,116],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38162,37712],{},[153,38164,38165],{},"filter object",[20,38167,38168],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[218,38170,38171,38174,38179],{},[221,38172,38173],{},"loop through it",[221,38175,38176,38177],{},"convert it with ",[15,38178,24916],{},[221,38180,38176,38181],{},[15,38182,38183],{},"tuple()",[20,38185,238],{},[35,38187,38189],{"className":37,"code":38188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38190,38191,38233,38237,38247,38261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38192,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215,38217,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38194,2351],{"class":50},[44,38196,55],{"class":54},[44,38198,37791],{"class":141},[44,38200,123],{"class":115},[44,38202,37796],{"class":1075},[44,38204,37800],{"class":37799},[44,38206,790],{"class":115},[44,38208,4007],{"class":119},[44,38210,4381],{"class":54},[44,38212,3116],{"class":77},[44,38214,129],{"class":115},[44,38216,3744],{"class":115},[44,38218,3111],{"class":77},[44,38220,129],{"class":115},[44,38222,3116],{"class":77},[44,38224,129],{"class":115},[44,38226,2573],{"class":77},[44,38228,129],{"class":115},[44,38230,2579],{"class":77},[44,38232,4015],{"class":115},[44,38234,38235],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38236,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,38238,38239,38241,38243,38245],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,38240,142],{"class":141},[44,38242,123],{"class":115},[44,38244,2386],{"class":119},[44,38246,135],{"class":115},[44,38248,38249,38251,38253,38255,38257,38259],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,38250,142],{"class":141},[44,38252,123],{"class":115},[44,38254,1297],{"class":1296},[44,38256,123],{"class":115},[44,38258,2386],{"class":119},[44,38260,567],{"class":115},[44,38262,38263,38265,38267,38269,38271,38273],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,38264,142],{"class":141},[44,38266,123],{"class":115},[44,38268,8231],{"class":1296},[44,38270,123],{"class":115},[44,38272,2386],{"class":119},[44,38274,567],{"class":115},[20,38276,155],{},[35,38278,38280],{"className":37,"code":38279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38281,38282,38296,38310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38283,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292,38294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38285,1326],{"class":54},[44,38287,37738],{"class":141},[44,38289,24753],{"class":1296},[44,38291,37501],{"class":50},[44,38293,37507],{"class":34590},[44,38295,1341],{"class":54},[44,38297,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38299,1326],{"class":54},[44,38301,1329],{"class":1075},[44,38303,1332],{"class":58},[44,38305,37738],{"class":62},[44,38307,1338],{"class":58},[44,38309,1341],{"class":54},[44,38311,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,38313,4027],{"class":115},[44,38315,2183],{"class":77},[44,38317,129],{"class":115},[44,38319,2579],{"class":77},[44,38321,3757],{"class":115},[20,38323,38324],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1474,38326,38328],{"id":38327},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38330,38331],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,38333,38335],{"className":37,"code":38334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38336,38337,38379,38383,38397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38338,38339,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369,38371,38373,38375,38377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38340,2351],{"class":50},[44,38342,55],{"class":54},[44,38344,37791],{"class":141},[44,38346,123],{"class":115},[44,38348,37796],{"class":1075},[44,38350,37800],{"class":37799},[44,38352,790],{"class":115},[44,38354,4007],{"class":119},[44,38356,4381],{"class":54},[44,38358,3116],{"class":77},[44,38360,129],{"class":115},[44,38362,3744],{"class":115},[44,38364,3111],{"class":77},[44,38366,129],{"class":115},[44,38368,3116],{"class":77},[44,38370,129],{"class":115},[44,38372,2573],{"class":77},[44,38374,129],{"class":115},[44,38376,2579],{"class":77},[44,38378,4015],{"class":115},[44,38380,38381],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38382,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,38384,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,38386,142],{"class":141},[44,38388,123],{"class":115},[44,38390,8231],{"class":1296},[44,38392,123],{"class":115},[44,38394,2386],{"class":119},[44,38396,567],{"class":115},[44,38398,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,38400,142],{"class":141},[44,38402,123],{"class":115},[44,38404,8231],{"class":1296},[44,38406,123],{"class":115},[44,38408,2386],{"class":119},[44,38410,567],{"class":115},[20,38412,155],{},[35,38414,38416],{"className":37,"code":38415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38417,38418,38430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38419,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38421,4027],{"class":115},[44,38423,2183],{"class":77},[44,38425,129],{"class":115},[44,38427,2579],{"class":77},[44,38429,3757],{"class":115},[44,38431,38432],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38433,38434],{"class":115},"[]\n",[20,38436,38437],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[30,38439,8556,38441,8844,38443],{"id":38440},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38442,37712],{},[15,38444,37796],{},[20,38446,15326,38447,38449],{},[15,38448,37796],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38451,38452],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,38454,38456],{"className":37,"code":38455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38457,38458,38500,38504,38542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38459,38460,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493,38496,38498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38461,4198],{"class":50},[44,38463,55],{"class":54},[44,38465,3744],{"class":115},[44,38467,112],{"class":58},[44,38469,4207],{"class":62},[44,38471,112],{"class":58},[44,38473,129],{"class":115},[44,38475,59],{"class":58},[44,38477,38478],{"class":62},"kiwi",[44,38480,112],{"class":58},[44,38482,129],{"class":115},[44,38484,59],{"class":58},[44,38486,4216],{"class":62},[44,38488,112],{"class":58},[44,38490,129],{"class":115},[44,38492,59],{"class":58},[44,38494,38495],{"class":62},"fig",[44,38497,112],{"class":58},[44,38499,3757],{"class":115},[44,38501,38502],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38503,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,38505,38506,38508,38510,38512,38514,38516,38519,38521,38524,38526,38529,38531,38534,38536,38538,38540],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,38507,2351],{"class":50},[44,38509,55],{"class":54},[44,38511,37791],{"class":141},[44,38513,123],{"class":115},[44,38515,37796],{"class":1075},[44,38517,38518],{"class":37799}," word",[44,38520,790],{"class":115},[44,38522,38523],{"class":141}," len",[44,38525,123],{"class":115},[44,38527,38528],{"class":119},"word",[44,38530,3784],{"class":115},[44,38532,38533],{"class":54}," >",[44,38535,2579],{"class":77},[44,38537,129],{"class":115},[44,38539,6304],{"class":119},[44,38541,135],{"class":115},[44,38543,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,38545,142],{"class":141},[44,38547,123],{"class":115},[44,38549,8231],{"class":1296},[44,38551,123],{"class":115},[44,38553,2386],{"class":119},[44,38555,567],{"class":115},[20,38557,155],{},[35,38559,38561],{"className":37,"code":38560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38562,38563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38564,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573,38575,38577,38579,38581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38566,4027],{"class":115},[44,38568,1338],{"class":58},[44,38570,4207],{"class":62},[44,38572,1338],{"class":58},[44,38574,129],{"class":115},[44,38576,1332],{"class":58},[44,38578,4216],{"class":62},[44,38580,1338],{"class":58},[44,38582,3757],{"class":115},[20,38584,38585],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38587,38588,38589,116],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[200,38590,38592],{"href":38591},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[30,38594,8556,38596,38598],{"id":38595},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38597,37712],{}," with a named function",[20,38600,38601,38602,116],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38603,37796],{},[20,38605,38606],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[218,38608,38609,38612,38615],{},[221,38610,38611],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[221,38613,38614],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[221,38616,38617],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,38619,38621],{"className":37,"code":38620,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38622,38623,38636,38651,38655,38687,38706,38710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38624,38625,38627,38630,38632,38634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38626,34987],{"class":1075},[44,38628,38629],{"class":34990}," is_even",[44,38631,123],{"class":115},[44,38633,2361],{"class":37799},[44,38635,8480],{"class":115},[44,38637,38638,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38639,34998],{"class":4003},[44,38641,6523],{"class":50},[44,38643,6540],{"class":54},[44,38645,3116],{"class":77},[44,38647,6545],{"class":54},[44,38649,38650],{"class":77}," 0\n",[44,38652,38653],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,38654,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,38656,38657,38659,38661,38663,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677,38679,38681,38683,38685],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,38658,3739],{"class":50},[44,38660,55],{"class":54},[44,38662,3744],{"class":115},[44,38664,3111],{"class":77},[44,38666,129],{"class":115},[44,38668,3116],{"class":77},[44,38670,129],{"class":115},[44,38672,2573],{"class":77},[44,38674,129],{"class":115},[44,38676,2579],{"class":77},[44,38678,129],{"class":115},[44,38680,4735],{"class":77},[44,38682,129],{"class":115},[44,38684,37780],{"class":77},[44,38686,3757],{"class":115},[44,38688,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38700,38702,38704],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,38690,2351],{"class":50},[44,38692,55],{"class":54},[44,38694,37791],{"class":141},[44,38696,123],{"class":115},[44,38698,38699],{"class":119},"is_even",[44,38701,129],{"class":115},[44,38703,4392],{"class":119},[44,38705,135],{"class":115},[44,38707,38708],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,38709,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,38711,38712,38714,38716,38718,38720,38722],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,38713,142],{"class":141},[44,38715,123],{"class":115},[44,38717,8231],{"class":1296},[44,38719,123],{"class":115},[44,38721,2386],{"class":119},[44,38723,567],{"class":115},[20,38725,155],{},[35,38727,38729],{"className":37,"code":38728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38730,38731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38732,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741,38743,38745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38734,4027],{"class":115},[44,38736,2177],{"class":77},[44,38738,129],{"class":115},[44,38740,2579],{"class":77},[44,38742,129],{"class":115},[44,38744,37780],{"class":77},[44,38746,3757],{"class":115},[20,38748,20908,38749,2518,38752,38754],{},[15,38750,38751],{},"is_even()",[15,38753,3724],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[30,38756,8556,38758,8844,38760],{"id":38757},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38759,3904],{},[15,38761,37712],{},[20,38763,38764,38765,38767],{},"You can pass ",[15,38766,3904],{}," as the first argument:",[35,38769,38771],{"className":37,"code":38770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38772,38773],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38774,38775,38777,38779,38781,38783,38785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38776,37738],{"class":141},[44,38778,123],{"class":115},[44,38780,3904],{"class":3978},[44,38782,129],{"class":115},[44,38784,38002],{"class":119},[44,38786,135],{"class":115},[20,38788,38789,38790,7478],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[153,38791,5731],{},[20,38793,38794],{},"Falsy values include:",[218,38796,38797,38801,38806,38810],{},[221,38798,38799],{},[15,38800,2240],{},[221,38802,38803,38805],{},[15,38804,3899],{}," (empty string)",[221,38807,38808],{},[15,38809,3904],{},[221,38811,38812],{},[15,38813,3798],{},[20,38815,238],{},[35,38817,38819],{"className":37,"code":38818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38820,38821,38865,38869,38887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38822,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855,38857,38859,38861,38863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38824,7917],{"class":50},[44,38826,55],{"class":54},[44,38828,3744],{"class":115},[44,38830,2240],{"class":77},[44,38832,129],{"class":115},[44,38834,5632],{"class":77},[44,38836,129],{"class":115},[44,38838,6262],{"class":58},[44,38840,129],{"class":115},[44,38842,59],{"class":58},[44,38844,3971],{"class":62},[44,38846,112],{"class":58},[44,38848,129],{"class":115},[44,38850,3979],{"class":3978},[44,38852,129],{"class":115},[44,38854,4043],{"class":3978},[44,38856,129],{"class":115},[44,38858,4034],{"class":3978},[44,38860,129],{"class":115},[44,38862,4735],{"class":77},[44,38864,3757],{"class":115},[44,38866,38867],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,38868,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,38870,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,38872,2351],{"class":50},[44,38874,55],{"class":54},[44,38876,37791],{"class":141},[44,38878,123],{"class":115},[44,38880,3904],{"class":3978},[44,38882,129],{"class":115},[44,38884,6101],{"class":119},[44,38886,135],{"class":115},[44,38888,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,38890,142],{"class":141},[44,38892,123],{"class":115},[44,38894,8231],{"class":1296},[44,38896,123],{"class":115},[44,38898,2386],{"class":119},[44,38900,567],{"class":115},[20,38902,155],{},[35,38904,38906],{"className":37,"code":38905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38907,38908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38909,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918,38920,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38911,4027],{"class":115},[44,38913,3111],{"class":77},[44,38915,129],{"class":115},[44,38917,1332],{"class":58},[44,38919,3971],{"class":62},[44,38921,1338],{"class":58},[44,38923,129],{"class":115},[44,38925,4043],{"class":3978},[44,38927,129],{"class":115},[44,38929,4735],{"class":77},[44,38931,3757],{"class":115},[20,38933,38934],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[30,38936,5092,38938],{"id":38937},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38939,37712],{},[20,38941,189,38942,38944],{},[15,38943,37712],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38946,38947],{},"It works well for:",[218,38949,38950,38953,38956],{},[221,38951,38952],{},"simple filtering rules",[221,38954,38955],{},"quick data cleaning",[221,38957,38958],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38960,238],{},[35,38962,38964],{"className":37,"code":38963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38965,38966,38998,39031,39035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38967,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38969,3739],{"class":50},[44,38971,55],{"class":54},[44,38973,3744],{"class":115},[44,38975,3111],{"class":77},[44,38977,129],{"class":115},[44,38979,3116],{"class":77},[44,38981,129],{"class":115},[44,38983,2573],{"class":77},[44,38985,129],{"class":115},[44,38987,2579],{"class":77},[44,38989,129],{"class":115},[44,38991,4735],{"class":77},[44,38993,129],{"class":115},[44,38995,37780],{"class":77},[44,38997,3757],{"class":115},[44,38999,39000,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39001,39002],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,39004,55],{"class":54},[44,39006,37791],{"class":141},[44,39008,123],{"class":115},[44,39010,37796],{"class":1075},[44,39012,37800],{"class":37799},[44,39014,790],{"class":115},[44,39016,4007],{"class":119},[44,39018,6540],{"class":54},[44,39020,3116],{"class":77},[44,39022,6545],{"class":54},[44,39024,3959],{"class":77},[44,39026,129],{"class":115},[44,39028,4392],{"class":119},[44,39030,135],{"class":115},[44,39032,39033],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,39034,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,39036,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39048],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,39038,142],{"class":141},[44,39040,123],{"class":115},[44,39042,8231],{"class":1296},[44,39044,123],{"class":115},[44,39046,39047],{"class":119},"evens",[44,39049,567],{"class":115},[20,39051,155],{},[35,39053,39054],{"className":37,"code":38728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39055,39056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39057,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068,39070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39059,4027],{"class":115},[44,39061,2177],{"class":77},[44,39063,129],{"class":115},[44,39065,2579],{"class":77},[44,39067,129],{"class":115},[44,39069,37780],{"class":77},[44,39071,3757],{"class":115},[20,39073,39074,39075,39077],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39076,6093],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,39079,39081],{"className":37,"code":39080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39082,39083,39115,39123,39127,39139,39155,39170,39174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39084,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39086,3739],{"class":50},[44,39088,55],{"class":54},[44,39090,3744],{"class":115},[44,39092,3111],{"class":77},[44,39094,129],{"class":115},[44,39096,3116],{"class":77},[44,39098,129],{"class":115},[44,39100,2573],{"class":77},[44,39102,129],{"class":115},[44,39104,2579],{"class":77},[44,39106,129],{"class":115},[44,39108,4735],{"class":77},[44,39110,129],{"class":115},[44,39112,37780],{"class":77},[44,39114,3757],{"class":115},[44,39116,39117,39119,39121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39118,39002],{"class":50},[44,39120,55],{"class":54},[44,39122,7977],{"class":115},[44,39124,39125],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,39126,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,39128,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,39130,6093],{"class":4003},[44,39132,6523],{"class":50},[44,39134,887],{"class":4003},[44,39136,4392],{"class":50},[44,39138,6530],{"class":115},[44,39140,39141,39143,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,39142,6535],{"class":4003},[44,39144,6523],{"class":50},[44,39146,6540],{"class":54},[44,39148,3116],{"class":77},[44,39150,6545],{"class":54},[44,39152,3959],{"class":77},[44,39154,6530],{"class":115},[44,39156,39157,39160,39162,39164,39166,39168],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,39158,39159],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,39161,116],{"class":115},[44,39163,13691],{"class":119},[44,39165,123],{"class":115},[44,39167,2361],{"class":119},[44,39169,135],{"class":115},[44,39171,39172],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,39173,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,39175,39176,39178,39180,39182],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,39177,142],{"class":141},[44,39179,123],{"class":115},[44,39181,39047],{"class":119},[44,39183,135],{"class":115},[20,39185,155],{},[35,39187,39188],{"className":37,"code":38728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39189,39190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39191,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39193,4027],{"class":115},[44,39195,2177],{"class":77},[44,39197,129],{"class":115},[44,39199,2579],{"class":77},[44,39201,129],{"class":115},[44,39203,37780],{"class":77},[44,39205,3757],{"class":115},[20,39207,39208],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,39210,39212],{"className":37,"code":39211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39213,39214,39246,39279,39283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39215,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232,39234,39236,39238,39240,39242,39244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39217,3739],{"class":50},[44,39219,55],{"class":54},[44,39221,3744],{"class":115},[44,39223,3111],{"class":77},[44,39225,129],{"class":115},[44,39227,3116],{"class":77},[44,39229,129],{"class":115},[44,39231,2573],{"class":77},[44,39233,129],{"class":115},[44,39235,2579],{"class":77},[44,39237,129],{"class":115},[44,39239,4735],{"class":77},[44,39241,129],{"class":115},[44,39243,37780],{"class":77},[44,39245,3757],{"class":115},[44,39247,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260,39262,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39249,39002],{"class":50},[44,39251,55],{"class":54},[44,39253,3744],{"class":115},[44,39255,2338],{"class":50},[44,39257,6093],{"class":4003},[44,39259,6523],{"class":50},[44,39261,887],{"class":4003},[44,39263,39264],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,39266,7135],{"class":4003},[44,39268,6523],{"class":50},[44,39270,6540],{"class":54},[44,39272,3116],{"class":77},[44,39274,6545],{"class":54},[44,39276,3959],{"class":77},[44,39278,3757],{"class":115},[44,39280,39281],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,39282,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,39284,39285,39287,39289,39291],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,39286,142],{"class":141},[44,39288,123],{"class":115},[44,39290,39047],{"class":119},[44,39292,135],{"class":115},[20,39294,155],{},[35,39296,39297],{"className":37,"code":38728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39298,39299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39300,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39302,4027],{"class":115},[44,39304,2177],{"class":77},[44,39306,129],{"class":115},[44,39308,2579],{"class":77},[44,39310,129],{"class":115},[44,39312,37780],{"class":77},[44,39314,3757],{"class":115},[20,39316,39317,39318,116],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[200,39319,39321],{"href":39320},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[30,39323,1467],{"id":1466},[20,39325,14871,39326,116],{},[15,39327,37712],{},[1474,39329,1707,39331,39333],{"id":39330},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39332,37712],{}," to return a list",[20,39335,39336],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,39338,39340],{"className":37,"code":39339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39341,39342,39384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39343,39344,39346,39348,39350,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39345,2351],{"class":50},[44,39347,55],{"class":54},[44,39349,37791],{"class":141},[44,39351,123],{"class":115},[44,39353,37796],{"class":1075},[44,39355,37800],{"class":37799},[44,39357,790],{"class":115},[44,39359,4007],{"class":119},[44,39361,4381],{"class":54},[44,39363,3116],{"class":77},[44,39365,129],{"class":115},[44,39367,3744],{"class":115},[44,39369,3111],{"class":77},[44,39371,129],{"class":115},[44,39373,3116],{"class":77},[44,39375,129],{"class":115},[44,39377,2573],{"class":77},[44,39379,129],{"class":115},[44,39381,2579],{"class":77},[44,39383,4015],{"class":115},[44,39385,39386,39388,39390,39392],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39387,142],{"class":141},[44,39389,123],{"class":115},[44,39391,2386],{"class":119},[44,39393,135],{"class":115},[20,39395,39396],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39398,39399],{},"Fix:",[35,39401,39403],{"className":37,"code":39402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39404,39405,39447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39406,39407,39409,39411,39413,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441,39443,39445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39408,2351],{"class":50},[44,39410,55],{"class":54},[44,39412,37791],{"class":141},[44,39414,123],{"class":115},[44,39416,37796],{"class":1075},[44,39418,37800],{"class":37799},[44,39420,790],{"class":115},[44,39422,4007],{"class":119},[44,39424,4381],{"class":54},[44,39426,3116],{"class":77},[44,39428,129],{"class":115},[44,39430,3744],{"class":115},[44,39432,3111],{"class":77},[44,39434,129],{"class":115},[44,39436,3116],{"class":77},[44,39438,129],{"class":115},[44,39440,2573],{"class":77},[44,39442,129],{"class":115},[44,39444,2579],{"class":77},[44,39446,4015],{"class":115},[44,39448,39449,39451,39453,39455,39457,39459],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39450,142],{"class":141},[44,39452,123],{"class":115},[44,39454,8231],{"class":1296},[44,39456,123],{"class":115},[44,39458,2386],{"class":119},[44,39460,567],{"class":115},[1474,39462,39464,39465,3000,39467,39469],{"id":39463},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39466,3724],{},[15,39468,3798],{}," clearly",[20,39471,39472],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39474,39475],{},"Good example:",[35,39477,39479],{"className":37,"code":39478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39480,39481,39494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39482,39483,39485,39488,39490,39492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39484,34987],{"class":1075},[44,39486,39487],{"class":34990}," is_positive",[44,39489,123],{"class":115},[44,39491,2361],{"class":37799},[44,39493,8480],{"class":115},[44,39495,39496,39498,39500,39502],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39497,34998],{"class":4003},[44,39499,6523],{"class":50},[44,39501,4381],{"class":54},[44,39503,38650],{"class":77},[20,39505,39506],{},"Then use it with:",[35,39508,39510],{"className":37,"code":39509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39511,39512,39544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39513,39514,39516,39518,39520,39522,39524,39526,39528,39530,39532,39534,39536,39538,39540,39542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39515,3739],{"class":50},[44,39517,55],{"class":54},[44,39519,3744],{"class":115},[44,39521,2142],{"class":54},[44,39523,2177],{"class":77},[44,39525,129],{"class":115},[44,39527,2343],{"class":54},[44,39529,3111],{"class":77},[44,39531,129],{"class":115},[44,39533,3959],{"class":77},[44,39535,129],{"class":115},[44,39537,5632],{"class":77},[44,39539,129],{"class":115},[44,39541,3116],{"class":77},[44,39543,3757],{"class":115},[44,39545,39546,39548,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39561,39563,39565],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39547,142],{"class":141},[44,39549,123],{"class":115},[44,39551,8231],{"class":1296},[44,39553,123],{"class":115},[44,39555,37738],{"class":141},[44,39557,123],{"class":115},[44,39559,39560],{"class":119},"is_positive",[44,39562,129],{"class":115},[44,39564,4392],{"class":119},[44,39566,3034],{"class":115},[20,39568,155],{},[35,39570,39572],{"className":37,"code":39571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39573,39574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39575,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39577,4027],{"class":115},[44,39579,3111],{"class":77},[44,39581,129],{"class":115},[44,39583,3116],{"class":77},[44,39585,3757],{"class":115},[1474,39587,39589],{"id":39588},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39591,39592],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,39594,39595],{"className":37,"code":38334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39596,39597,39639,39643,39657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39598,39599,39601,39603,39605,39607,39609,39611,39613,39615,39617,39619,39621,39623,39625,39627,39629,39631,39633,39635,39637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39600,2351],{"class":50},[44,39602,55],{"class":54},[44,39604,37791],{"class":141},[44,39606,123],{"class":115},[44,39608,37796],{"class":1075},[44,39610,37800],{"class":37799},[44,39612,790],{"class":115},[44,39614,4007],{"class":119},[44,39616,4381],{"class":54},[44,39618,3116],{"class":77},[44,39620,129],{"class":115},[44,39622,3744],{"class":115},[44,39624,3111],{"class":77},[44,39626,129],{"class":115},[44,39628,3116],{"class":77},[44,39630,129],{"class":115},[44,39632,2573],{"class":77},[44,39634,129],{"class":115},[44,39636,2579],{"class":77},[44,39638,4015],{"class":115},[44,39640,39641],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39642,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,39644,39645,39647,39649,39651,39653,39655],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,39646,142],{"class":141},[44,39648,123],{"class":115},[44,39650,8231],{"class":1296},[44,39652,123],{"class":115},[44,39654,2386],{"class":119},[44,39656,567],{"class":115},[44,39658,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,39660,142],{"class":141},[44,39662,123],{"class":115},[44,39664,8231],{"class":1296},[44,39666,123],{"class":115},[44,39668,2386],{"class":119},[44,39670,567],{"class":115},[20,39672,155],{},[35,39674,39675],{"className":37,"code":38415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39676,39677,39689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39678,39679,39681,39683,39685,39687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39680,4027],{"class":115},[44,39682,2183],{"class":77},[44,39684,129],{"class":115},[44,39686,2579],{"class":77},[44,39688,3757],{"class":115},[44,39690,39691],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39692,38434],{"class":115},[20,39694,39695],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,39697,39699],{"className":37,"code":39698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39700,39701,39747,39751,39761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39702,39703,39705,39707,39709,39711,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723,39725,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39739,39741,39743,39745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39704,2351],{"class":50},[44,39706,55],{"class":54},[44,39708,22695],{"class":1296},[44,39710,123],{"class":115},[44,39712,37738],{"class":141},[44,39714,123],{"class":115},[44,39716,37796],{"class":1075},[44,39718,37800],{"class":37799},[44,39720,790],{"class":115},[44,39722,4007],{"class":119},[44,39724,4381],{"class":54},[44,39726,3116],{"class":77},[44,39728,129],{"class":115},[44,39730,3744],{"class":115},[44,39732,3111],{"class":77},[44,39734,129],{"class":115},[44,39736,3116],{"class":77},[44,39738,129],{"class":115},[44,39740,2573],{"class":77},[44,39742,129],{"class":115},[44,39744,2579],{"class":77},[44,39746,3123],{"class":115},[44,39748,39749],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39750,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,39752,39753,39755,39757,39759],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,39754,142],{"class":141},[44,39756,123],{"class":115},[44,39758,2386],{"class":119},[44,39760,135],{"class":115},[44,39762,39763,39765,39767,39769],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,39764,142],{"class":141},[44,39766,123],{"class":115},[44,39768,2386],{"class":119},[44,39770,135],{"class":115},[1474,39772,39774],{"id":39773},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39776,39777],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39779,16781],{},[35,39781,39783],{"className":37,"code":39782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39784,39785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39786,39787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39788,39782],{"class":3787},[20,39790,39791,39792,6689],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39793,2451],{},[20,39795,16793],{},[35,39797,39799],{"className":37,"code":39798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39800,39801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39802,39803,39805,39807,39809,39811,39813,39815,39817,39819,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39831,39833,39835,39837,39839,39841,39843,39845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39804,142],{"class":141},[44,39806,123],{"class":115},[44,39808,8231],{"class":1296},[44,39810,123],{"class":115},[44,39812,37738],{"class":141},[44,39814,123],{"class":115},[44,39816,37796],{"class":1075},[44,39818,37800],{"class":37799},[44,39820,790],{"class":115},[44,39822,4007],{"class":119},[44,39824,4381],{"class":54},[44,39826,3116],{"class":77},[44,39828,129],{"class":115},[44,39830,3744],{"class":115},[44,39832,3111],{"class":77},[44,39834,129],{"class":115},[44,39836,3116],{"class":77},[44,39838,129],{"class":115},[44,39840,2573],{"class":77},[44,39842,129],{"class":115},[44,39844,2579],{"class":77},[44,39846,37402],{"class":115},[1474,39848,37341,39850,8844,39852],{"id":39849},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39851,37712],{},[15,39853,39854],{},"map()",[218,39856,39857,39862],{},[221,39858,39859,39861],{},[15,39860,37712],{}," keeps or removes items",[221,39863,39864,39866],{},[15,39865,39854],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39868,39869,39870,790],{},"Example of ",[15,39871,37712],{},[35,39873,39875],{"className":37,"code":39874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39876,39877,39901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39878,39879,39881,39883,39885,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39880,3739],{"class":50},[44,39882,55],{"class":54},[44,39884,3744],{"class":115},[44,39886,3111],{"class":77},[44,39888,129],{"class":115},[44,39890,3116],{"class":77},[44,39892,129],{"class":115},[44,39894,2573],{"class":77},[44,39896,129],{"class":115},[44,39898,2579],{"class":77},[44,39900,3757],{"class":115},[44,39902,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911,39913,39915,39917,39919,39921,39923,39925,39927,39929,39931],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39904,142],{"class":141},[44,39906,123],{"class":115},[44,39908,8231],{"class":1296},[44,39910,123],{"class":115},[44,39912,37738],{"class":141},[44,39914,123],{"class":115},[44,39916,37796],{"class":1075},[44,39918,37800],{"class":37799},[44,39920,790],{"class":115},[44,39922,4007],{"class":119},[44,39924,4381],{"class":54},[44,39926,3116],{"class":77},[44,39928,129],{"class":115},[44,39930,4392],{"class":119},[44,39932,3034],{"class":115},[20,39934,155],{},[35,39936,39938],{"className":37,"code":39937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39939,39940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39941,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39943,4027],{"class":115},[44,39945,2183],{"class":77},[44,39947,129],{"class":115},[44,39949,2579],{"class":77},[44,39951,3757],{"class":115},[20,39953,39869,39954,790],{},[15,39955,39854],{},[35,39957,39959],{"className":37,"code":39958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39960,39961,39985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39962,39963,39965,39967,39969,39971,39973,39975,39977,39979,39981,39983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39964,3739],{"class":50},[44,39966,55],{"class":54},[44,39968,3744],{"class":115},[44,39970,3111],{"class":77},[44,39972,129],{"class":115},[44,39974,3116],{"class":77},[44,39976,129],{"class":115},[44,39978,2573],{"class":77},[44,39980,129],{"class":115},[44,39982,2579],{"class":77},[44,39984,3757],{"class":115},[44,39986,39987,39989,39991,39993,39995,39998,40000,40002,40004,40006,40008,40011,40013,40015,40017],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,39988,142],{"class":141},[44,39990,123],{"class":115},[44,39992,8231],{"class":1296},[44,39994,123],{"class":115},[44,39996,39997],{"class":141},"map",[44,39999,123],{"class":115},[44,40001,37796],{"class":1075},[44,40003,37800],{"class":37799},[44,40005,790],{"class":115},[44,40007,4007],{"class":119},[44,40009,40010],{"class":54},"*",[44,40012,3116],{"class":77},[44,40014,129],{"class":115},[44,40016,4392],{"class":119},[44,40018,3034],{"class":115},[20,40020,155],{},[35,40022,40024],{"className":37,"code":40023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,40025,40026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40027,40028,40030,40032,40034,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40029,4027],{"class":115},[44,40031,2177],{"class":77},[44,40033,129],{"class":115},[44,40035,2579],{"class":77},[44,40037,129],{"class":115},[44,40039,37780],{"class":77},[44,40041,129],{"class":115},[44,40043,6496],{"class":77},[44,40045,3757],{"class":115},[20,40047,40048,40049,116],{},"For the related function, see ",[200,40050,1013,40052,1017],{"href":40051},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40053,39854],{},[30,40055,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,40057,12844,40059,40061],{"id":40058},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40060,37712],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40063,40064,40065,40067],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40066,24916],{}," if needed.",[1474,40069,40071,40072,40074],{"id":40070},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40073,37712],{}," need to return?",[20,40076,38019,40077,40079,40080,40082],{},[15,40078,3724],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40081,3798],{}," to remove it.",[1474,40084,28464,40086,40088],{"id":40085},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40087,37712],{}," without lambda?",[20,40090,40091],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1474,40093,5274,40095,40098],{"id":40094},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40096,40097],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40100,40101,40102,40104,40105,17210,40107,116],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40103,2240],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40106,3904],{},[15,40108,3798],{},[1474,40110,21558,40112,40114],{"id":40111},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40113,37712],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40116,40117,40118,40120],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40119,6093],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40122,40123],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[218,40125,40126,40132,40138],{},[221,40127,40128,40129,40131],{},"use ",[15,40130,37712],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[221,40133,40134,40135,40137],{},"use a ",[15,40136,6093],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[221,40139,40140],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40142,40143,40144,116],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[200,40145,5264],{"href":40146},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,40148,2019],{"id":2018},[218,40150,40151,40156,40160,40165,40171],{},[221,40152,40153],{},[200,40154,40155],{"href":38591},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[221,40157,40158],{},[200,40159,5354],{"href":40146},[221,40161,40162],{},[200,40163,40164],{"href":39320},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[221,40166,40167],{},[200,40168,1013,40169,1017],{"href":40051},[15,40170,39854],{},[221,40172,40173],{},[200,40174,5349],{"href":5721},[2048,40176,40177],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":40179},[40180,40181,40183,40187,40190,40192,40194,40196,40198,40208,40220],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":37846,"depth":69,"text":40182},"What filter() does",{"id":37980,"depth":69,"text":37981,"children":40184},[40185,40186],{"id":37997,"depth":81,"text":37997},{"id":3846,"depth":81,"text":3846},{"id":38156,"depth":69,"text":38157,"children":40188},[40189],{"id":38327,"depth":81,"text":38328},{"id":38440,"depth":69,"text":40191},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38595,"depth":69,"text":40193},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38757,"depth":69,"text":40195},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38937,"depth":69,"text":40197},"When to use filter()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":40199},[40200,40202,40204,40205,40206],{"id":39330,"depth":81,"text":40201},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39463,"depth":81,"text":40203},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39588,"depth":81,"text":39589},{"id":39773,"depth":81,"text":39774},{"id":39849,"depth":81,"text":40207},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":40209},[40210,40212,40214,40216,40218],{"id":40058,"depth":81,"text":40211},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40070,"depth":81,"text":40213},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40085,"depth":81,"text":40215},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40094,"depth":81,"text":40217},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40111,"depth":81,"text":40219},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37704,"description":40221},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40228,"title":40229,"body":40230,"description":42381,"extension":2084,"meta":42382,"navigation":84,"path":42383,"seo":42384,"stem":42385,"__hash__":42386},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40231,"toc":42335},[40232,40235,40240,40246,40248,40300,40302,40321,40326,40330,40335,40338,40353,40356,40378,40380,40429,40431,40455,40457,40459,40474,40479,40487,40502,40504,40513,40516,40550,40554,40559,40563,40570,40605,40607,40623,40627,40630,40671,40673,40687,40691,40694,40718,40720,40729,40733,40736,40769,40771,40784,40788,40794,40813,40815,40823,40827,40832,40836,40842,40865,40867,40896,40899,40918,40922,40925,40952,40954,40988,40992,40995,41019,41023,41034,41036,41041,41047,41049,41133,41135,41177,41180,41184,41191,41200,41256,41263,41272,41277,41281,41352,41354,41363,41367,41370,41414,41416,41425,41429,41435,41485,41489,41494,41498,41522,41524,41533,41537,41561,41563,41574,41578,41602,41604,41613,41616,41633,41639,41643,41649,41652,41657,41660,41681,41683,41715,41718,41723,41725,41736,41738,41782,41786,41793,41845,41847,41856,41860,41863,41956,41959,41983,41987,41990,42082,42087,42091,42098,42103,42127,42129,42138,42143,42166,42168,42176,42183,42206,42214,42216,42229,42239,42241,42245,42252,42256,42265,42269,42276,42280,42284,42288,42301,42303,42332],[10,40233,40229],{"id":40234},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40236,9263,40237,40239],{},[15,40238,3006],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40241,40242,40243,40245],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40244,3006],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[30,40247,33],{"id":32},[35,40249,40251],{"className":37,"code":40250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40252,40253,40267,40286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40254,40255,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40256,142],{"class":141},[44,40258,123],{"class":115},[44,40260,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40262,123],{"class":115},[44,40264,2257],{"class":77},[44,40266,567],{"class":115},[44,40268,40269,40271,40273,40275,40277,40279,40282,40284],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40270,142],{"class":141},[44,40272,123],{"class":115},[44,40274,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40276,123],{"class":115},[44,40278,112],{"class":58},[44,40280,40281],{"class":62},"3.14",[44,40283,112],{"class":58},[44,40285,567],{"class":115},[44,40287,40288,40290,40292,40294,40296,40298],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,40289,142],{"class":141},[44,40291,123],{"class":115},[44,40293,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40295,123],{"class":115},[44,40297,3724],{"class":3978},[44,40299,567],{"class":115},[20,40301,155],{},[35,40303,40305],{"className":37,"code":40304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40306,40307,40311,40316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40308,40309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40310,2601],{"class":77},[44,40312,40313],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40314,40315],{"class":77},"3.14\n",[44,40317,40318],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,40319,40320],{"class":77},"1.0\n",[20,40322,189,40323,40325],{},[15,40324,3006],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[30,40327,40329],{"id":40328},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40331,40332,40334],{},[15,40333,3006],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40336,40337],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[218,40339,40340,40344,40348],{},[221,40341,40342],{},[15,40343,2613],{},[221,40345,40346],{},[15,40347,40281],{},[221,40349,40350],{},[15,40351,40352],{},"0.5",[20,40354,40355],{},"A few key points:",[218,40357,40358,40365,40368,40371],{},[221,40359,40360,40362,40363],{},[15,40361,3006],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40364,2313],{},[221,40366,40367],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[221,40369,40370],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[221,40372,40373,40374],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[200,40375,40376],{"href":8357},[15,40377,3080],{},[20,40379,238],{},[35,40381,40383],{"className":37,"code":40382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40384,40385,40405,40415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40386,40387,40389,40391,40394,40396,40398,40401,40403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40388,2338],{"class":50},[44,40390,55],{"class":54},[44,40392,40393],{"class":1296}," float",[44,40395,123],{"class":115},[44,40397,112],{"class":58},[44,40399,40400],{"class":62},"2.75",[44,40402,112],{"class":58},[44,40404,135],{"class":115},[44,40406,40407,40409,40411,40413],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40408,142],{"class":141},[44,40410,123],{"class":115},[44,40412,2361],{"class":119},[44,40414,135],{"class":115},[44,40416,40417,40419,40421,40423,40425,40427],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,40418,142],{"class":141},[44,40420,123],{"class":115},[44,40422,1297],{"class":1296},[44,40424,123],{"class":115},[44,40426,2361],{"class":119},[44,40428,567],{"class":115},[20,40430,155],{},[35,40432,40434],{"className":37,"code":40433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40435,40436,40441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40437,40438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40439,40440],{"class":77},"2.75\n",[44,40442,40443,40445,40447,40449,40451,40453],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40444,1326],{"class":54},[44,40446,1329],{"class":1075},[44,40448,1332],{"class":58},[44,40450,2313],{"class":62},[44,40452,1338],{"class":58},[44,40454,1341],{"class":54},[30,40456,351],{"id":350},[20,40458,7356],{},[35,40460,40462],{"className":37,"code":40461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,40463,40464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40465,40466,40468,40470,40472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40467,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40469,123],{"class":115},[44,40471,379],{"class":119},[44,40473,135],{"class":115},[20,40475,40476,40477,116],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40478,3006],{},[20,40480,40481,40482,40484,40485,790],{},"If you call ",[15,40483,3006],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40486,3894],{},[35,40488,40490],{"className":37,"code":40489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,40491,40492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40493,40494,40496,40498,40500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40495,142],{"class":141},[44,40497,123],{"class":115},[44,40499,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40501,7332],{"class":115},[20,40503,155],{},[35,40505,40507],{"className":37,"code":40506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,40508,40509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40510,40511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40512,40506],{"class":77},[20,40514,40515],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,40517,40519],{"className":37,"code":40518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40520,40521,40540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40522,40523,40525,40527,40529,40531,40533,40536,40538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40524,1053],{"class":50},[44,40526,55],{"class":54},[44,40528,40393],{"class":1296},[44,40530,123],{"class":115},[44,40532,112],{"class":58},[44,40534,40535],{"class":62},"19.99",[44,40537,112],{"class":58},[44,40539,135],{"class":115},[44,40541,40542,40544,40546,40548],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40543,142],{"class":141},[44,40545,123],{"class":115},[44,40547,1089],{"class":119},[44,40549,135],{"class":115},[30,40551,40553],{"id":40552},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40555,40556,40558],{},[15,40557,3006],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1474,40560,40562],{"id":40561},"integers","Integers",[20,40564,40565,40566,40569],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40567,40568],{},".0"," added:",[35,40571,40573],{"className":37,"code":40572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40574,40575,40589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40576,40577,40579,40581,40583,40585,40587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40578,142],{"class":141},[44,40580,123],{"class":115},[44,40582,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40584,123],{"class":115},[44,40586,2257],{"class":77},[44,40588,567],{"class":115},[44,40590,40591,40593,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40592,142],{"class":141},[44,40594,123],{"class":115},[44,40596,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40598,123],{"class":115},[44,40600,2142],{"class":54},[44,40602,2177],{"class":77},[44,40604,567],{"class":115},[20,40606,155],{},[35,40608,40610],{"className":37,"code":40609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40611,40612,40616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40613,40614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40615,2601],{"class":77},[44,40617,40618,40620],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40619,2142],{"class":54},[44,40621,40622],{"class":77},"2.0\n",[1474,40624,40626],{"id":40625},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40628,40629],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,40631,40633],{"className":37,"code":40632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40634,40635,40653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40636,40637,40639,40641,40643,40645,40647,40649,40651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40638,142],{"class":141},[44,40640,123],{"class":115},[44,40642,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40644,123],{"class":115},[44,40646,112],{"class":58},[44,40648,40281],{"class":62},[44,40650,112],{"class":58},[44,40652,567],{"class":115},[44,40654,40655,40657,40659,40661,40663,40665,40667,40669],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40656,142],{"class":141},[44,40658,123],{"class":115},[44,40660,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40662,123],{"class":115},[44,40664,112],{"class":58},[44,40666,2451],{"class":62},[44,40668,112],{"class":58},[44,40670,567],{"class":115},[20,40672,155],{},[35,40674,40676],{"className":37,"code":40675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40677,40678,40682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40679,40680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40681,40315],{"class":77},[44,40683,40684],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40685,40686],{"class":77},"10.0\n",[1474,40688,40690],{"id":40689},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40692,40693],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,40695,40697],{"className":37,"code":40696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40698,40699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40700,40701,40703,40705,40707,40709,40711,40714,40716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40702,142],{"class":141},[44,40704,123],{"class":115},[44,40706,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40708,123],{"class":115},[44,40710,112],{"class":58},[44,40712,40713],{"class":62},"  8.5  ",[44,40715,112],{"class":58},[44,40717,567],{"class":115},[20,40719,155],{},[35,40721,40723],{"className":37,"code":40722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,40724,40725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40726,40727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40728,40722],{"class":77},[1474,40730,40732],{"id":40731},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40734,40735],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,40737,40739],{"className":37,"code":40738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40740,40741,40755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40742,40743,40745,40747,40749,40751,40753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40744,142],{"class":141},[44,40746,123],{"class":115},[44,40748,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40750,123],{"class":115},[44,40752,3724],{"class":3978},[44,40754,567],{"class":115},[44,40756,40757,40759,40761,40763,40765,40767],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40758,142],{"class":141},[44,40760,123],{"class":115},[44,40762,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40764,123],{"class":115},[44,40766,3798],{"class":3978},[44,40768,567],{"class":115},[20,40770,155],{},[35,40772,40774],{"className":37,"code":40773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40775,40776,40780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40777,40778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40779,40320],{"class":77},[44,40781,40782],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,40783,40506],{"class":77},[1474,40785,40787],{"id":40786},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40789,40790,40791,40793],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40792,3006],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,40795,40797],{"className":37,"code":40796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40798,40799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40800,40801,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40802,142],{"class":141},[44,40804,123],{"class":115},[44,40806,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40808,123],{"class":115},[44,40810,2483],{"class":77},[44,40812,567],{"class":115},[20,40814,155],{},[35,40816,40817],{"className":37,"code":2507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40818,40819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40820,40821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40822,2507],{"class":77},[30,40824,40826],{"id":40825},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40828,40829,40830,116],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40831,3006],{},[1474,40833,40835],{"id":40834},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40837,40838,40839,790],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40840,40841],{},"ValueError",[35,40843,40845],{"className":37,"code":40844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40846,40847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40848,40849,40851,40853,40855,40857,40859,40861,40863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40850,142],{"class":141},[44,40852,123],{"class":115},[44,40854,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40856,123],{"class":115},[44,40858,112],{"class":58},[44,40860,3971],{"class":62},[44,40862,112],{"class":58},[44,40864,567],{"class":115},[20,40866,29817],{},[35,40868,40870],{"className":37,"code":40869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40871,40872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40873,40874,40876,40878,40881,40883,40886,40888,40890,40892,40894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40875,40841],{"class":1296},[44,40877,790],{"class":115},[44,40879,40880],{"class":50}," could ",[44,40882,4761],{"class":54},[44,40884,40885],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,40887,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40889,790],{"class":115},[44,40891,1332],{"class":58},[44,40893,3971],{"class":62},[44,40895,29836],{"class":58},[20,40897,40898],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,40900,40902],{"className":37,"code":40901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40903,40904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40905,40906,40908,40910,40912,40914,40916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40907,142],{"class":141},[44,40909,123],{"class":115},[44,40911,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40913,123],{"class":115},[44,40915,6408],{"class":58},[44,40917,567],{"class":115},[1474,40919,40921],{"id":40920},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40923,40924],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,40926,40928],{"className":37,"code":40927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40929,40930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40931,40932,40934,40936,40938,40940,40942,40944,40946,40948,40950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40933,142],{"class":141},[44,40935,123],{"class":115},[44,40937,2313],{"class":1296},[44,40939,3108],{"class":115},[44,40941,3111],{"class":77},[44,40943,129],{"class":115},[44,40945,3116],{"class":77},[44,40947,129],{"class":115},[44,40949,2573],{"class":77},[44,40951,3123],{"class":115},[20,40953,29817],{},[35,40955,40957],{"className":37,"code":40956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40958,40959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40960,40961,40963,40965,40967,40969,40972,40975,40978,40980,40982,40984,40986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40962,3129],{"class":1296},[44,40964,790],{"class":115},[44,40966,40393],{"class":1296},[44,40968,7504],{"class":115},[44,40970,40971],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,40973,40974],{"class":54},"or",[44,40976,40977],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,40979,129],{"class":115},[44,40981,8237],{"class":54},[44,40983,1332],{"class":58},[44,40985,8231],{"class":62},[44,40987,29836],{"class":58},[1474,40989,40991],{"id":40990},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40993,40994],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,40996,40998],{"className":37,"code":40997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40999,41000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41001,41002,41004,41006,41008,41010,41012,41015,41017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41003,142],{"class":141},[44,41005,123],{"class":115},[44,41007,2313],{"class":1296},[44,41009,123],{"class":115},[44,41011,112],{"class":58},[44,41013,41014],{"class":62},"3,14",[44,41016,112],{"class":58},[44,41018,567],{"class":115},[20,41020,3126,41021,116],{},[15,41022,40841],{},[20,41024,41025,41026,536,41030,116],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[200,41027,41029],{"href":41028},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[200,41031,41033],{"href":41032},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[30,41035,1219],{"id":1218},[20,41037,41038,41040],{},[15,41039,3006],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,41042,41043,41044,41046],{},"It does ",[153,41045,4761],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41048,238],{},[35,41050,41052],{"className":37,"code":41051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41053,41054,41067,41081,41085,41095,41105,41119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41055,41056,41058,41060,41062,41065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41057,248],{"class":50},[44,41059,55],{"class":54},[44,41061,59],{"class":58},[44,41063,41064],{"class":62},"6.5",[44,41066,66],{"class":58},[44,41068,41069,41071,41073,41075,41077,41079],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41070,2338],{"class":50},[44,41072,55],{"class":54},[44,41074,40393],{"class":1296},[44,41076,123],{"class":115},[44,41078,308],{"class":119},[44,41080,135],{"class":115},[44,41082,41083],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,41084,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,41086,41087,41089,41091,41093],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,41088,142],{"class":141},[44,41090,123],{"class":115},[44,41092,308],{"class":119},[44,41094,135],{"class":115},[44,41096,41097,41099,41101,41103],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,41098,142],{"class":141},[44,41100,123],{"class":115},[44,41102,2361],{"class":119},[44,41104,135],{"class":115},[44,41106,41107,41109,41111,41113,41115,41117],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,41108,142],{"class":141},[44,41110,123],{"class":115},[44,41112,1297],{"class":1296},[44,41114,123],{"class":115},[44,41116,308],{"class":119},[44,41118,567],{"class":115},[44,41120,41121,41123,41125,41127,41129,41131],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,41122,142],{"class":141},[44,41124,123],{"class":115},[44,41126,1297],{"class":1296},[44,41128,123],{"class":115},[44,41130,2361],{"class":119},[44,41132,567],{"class":115},[20,41134,155],{},[35,41136,41138],{"className":37,"code":41137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41139,41140,41145,41149,41163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41141,41142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41143,41144],{"class":77},"6.5\n",[44,41146,41147],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41148,41144],{"class":77},[44,41150,41151,41153,41155,41157,41159,41161],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,41152,1326],{"class":54},[44,41154,1329],{"class":1075},[44,41156,1332],{"class":58},[44,41158,1335],{"class":62},[44,41160,1338],{"class":58},[44,41162,1341],{"class":54},[44,41164,41165,41167,41169,41171,41173,41175],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,41166,1326],{"class":54},[44,41168,1329],{"class":1075},[44,41170,1332],{"class":58},[44,41172,2313],{"class":62},[44,41174,1338],{"class":58},[44,41176,1341],{"class":54},[20,41178,41179],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[30,41181,41183],{"id":41182},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1474,41185,41187,41188,41190],{"id":41186},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41189,3080],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41192,213,41193,41197,41198,116],{},[200,41194,41195,1215],{"href":8357},[15,41196,3080],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41199,3006],{},[35,41201,41203],{"className":37,"code":41202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41204,41205,41224,41238,41242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41206,41207,41209,41211,41213,41215,41217,41220,41222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41208,8375],{"class":50},[44,41210,55],{"class":54},[44,41212,8380],{"class":141},[44,41214,123],{"class":115},[44,41216,112],{"class":58},[44,41218,41219],{"class":62},"Enter a price: ",[44,41221,112],{"class":58},[44,41223,135],{"class":115},[44,41225,41226,41228,41230,41232,41234,41236],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41227,1053],{"class":50},[44,41229,55],{"class":54},[44,41231,40393],{"class":1296},[44,41233,123],{"class":115},[44,41235,8404],{"class":119},[44,41237,135],{"class":115},[44,41239,41240],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,41241,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,41243,41244,41246,41248,41250,41252,41254],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,41245,142],{"class":141},[44,41247,123],{"class":115},[44,41249,1053],{"class":119},[44,41251,40010],{"class":54},[44,41253,3116],{"class":77},[44,41255,135],{"class":115},[20,41257,41258,41259,41262],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41260,41261],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,41264,41266],{"className":37,"code":41265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,41267,41268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41269,41270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41271,41265],{"class":77},[20,41273,41274,41275,116],{},"For more help with this, see ",[200,41276,9121],{"href":9120},[1474,41278,41280],{"id":41279},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,41282,41284],{"className":37,"code":41283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41285,41286,41299,41312,41316,41341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41287,41288,41290,41292,41294,41297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41289,2676],{"class":50},[44,41291,55],{"class":54},[44,41293,59],{"class":58},[44,41295,41296],{"class":62},"2.5",[44,41298,66],{"class":58},[44,41300,41301,41303,41305,41307,41310],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41302,2704],{"class":50},[44,41304,55],{"class":54},[44,41306,59],{"class":58},[44,41308,41309],{"class":62},"1.5",[44,41311,66],{"class":58},[44,41313,41314],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,41315,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,41317,41318,41321,41323,41325,41327,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41339],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,41319,41320],{"class":50},"total ",[44,41322,55],{"class":54},[44,41324,40393],{"class":1296},[44,41326,123],{"class":115},[44,41328,200],{"class":119},[44,41330,3784],{"class":115},[44,41332,2576],{"class":54},[44,41334,40393],{"class":1296},[44,41336,123],{"class":115},[44,41338,4891],{"class":119},[44,41340,135],{"class":115},[44,41342,41343,41345,41347,41350],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,41344,142],{"class":141},[44,41346,123],{"class":115},[44,41348,41349],{"class":119},"total",[44,41351,135],{"class":115},[20,41353,155],{},[35,41355,41357],{"className":37,"code":41356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,41358,41359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41360,41361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41362,41356],{"class":77},[1474,41364,41366],{"id":41365},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41368,41369],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,41371,41373],{"className":37,"code":41372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41374,41375,41385,41400,41404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41376,41377,41380,41382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41378,41379],{"class":50},"count ",[44,41381,55],{"class":54},[44,41383,41384],{"class":77}," 7\n",[44,41386,41387,41389,41391,41393,41395,41398],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41388,2351],{"class":50},[44,41390,55],{"class":54},[44,41392,40393],{"class":1296},[44,41394,123],{"class":115},[44,41396,41397],{"class":119},"count",[44,41399,135],{"class":115},[44,41401,41402],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,41403,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,41405,41406,41408,41410,41412],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,41407,142],{"class":141},[44,41409,123],{"class":115},[44,41411,2386],{"class":119},[44,41413,135],{"class":115},[20,41415,155],{},[35,41417,41419],{"className":37,"code":41418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,41420,41421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41422,41423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41424,41418],{"class":77},[1474,41426,41428],{"id":41427},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41430,41431,41432,41434],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41433,3006],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,41436,41438],{"className":37,"code":41437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41439,41440,41454,41470,41474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41441,41442,41445,41447,41449,41452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41443,41444],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,41446,55],{"class":54},[44,41448,59],{"class":58},[44,41450,41451],{"class":62},"21.8",[44,41453,66],{"class":58},[44,41455,41456,41459,41461,41463,41465,41468],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41457,41458],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,41460,55],{"class":54},[44,41462,40393],{"class":1296},[44,41464,123],{"class":115},[44,41466,41467],{"class":119},"temperature_text",[44,41469,135],{"class":115},[44,41471,41472],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,41473,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,41475,41476,41478,41480,41483],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,41477,142],{"class":141},[44,41479,123],{"class":115},[44,41481,41482],{"class":119},"temperature",[44,41484,135],{"class":115},[30,41486,41488],{"id":41487},"special-values","Special values",[20,41490,41491,41493],{},[15,41492,3006],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1474,41495,41497],{"id":41496},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,41499,41501],{"className":37,"code":41500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41502,41503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41504,41505,41507,41509,41511,41513,41515,41518,41520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41506,142],{"class":141},[44,41508,123],{"class":115},[44,41510,2313],{"class":1296},[44,41512,123],{"class":115},[44,41514,112],{"class":58},[44,41516,41517],{"class":62},"inf",[44,41519,112],{"class":58},[44,41521,567],{"class":115},[20,41523,155],{},[35,41525,41527],{"className":37,"code":41526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,41528,41529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41530,41531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41532,41526],{"class":50},[1474,41534,41536],{"id":41535},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,41538,41540],{"className":37,"code":41539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41541,41542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41543,41544,41546,41548,41550,41552,41554,41557,41559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41545,142],{"class":141},[44,41547,123],{"class":115},[44,41549,2313],{"class":1296},[44,41551,123],{"class":115},[44,41553,112],{"class":58},[44,41555,41556],{"class":62},"-inf",[44,41558,112],{"class":58},[44,41560,567],{"class":115},[20,41562,155],{},[35,41564,41566],{"className":37,"code":41565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,41567,41568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41569,41570,41572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41571,2142],{"class":54},[44,41573,41526],{"class":50},[1474,41575,41577],{"id":41576},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,41579,41581],{"className":37,"code":41580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41582,41583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41584,41585,41587,41589,41591,41593,41595,41598,41600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41586,142],{"class":141},[44,41588,123],{"class":115},[44,41590,2313],{"class":1296},[44,41592,123],{"class":115},[44,41594,112],{"class":58},[44,41596,41597],{"class":62},"nan",[44,41599,112],{"class":58},[44,41601,567],{"class":115},[20,41603,155],{},[35,41605,41607],{"className":37,"code":41606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,41608,41609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41610,41611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41612,41606],{"class":50},[20,41614,41615],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[218,41617,41618,41623,41628],{},[221,41619,41620,41622],{},[15,41621,41517],{}," means positive infinity",[221,41624,41625,41627],{},[15,41626,41556],{}," means negative infinity",[221,41629,41630,41632],{},[15,41631,41597],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41634,41635,41636,41638],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41637,3006],{}," accepts them.",[30,41640,41642],{"id":41641},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41644,41645,41646,41648],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41647,3006],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1474,41650,40841],{"id":41651},"valueerror",[20,41653,15326,41654,41656],{},[15,41655,40841],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41658,41659],{},"Common causes:",[218,41661,41662,41668,41671,41674],{},[221,41663,41664,41665],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41666,41667],{},"\"abc\"",[221,41669,41670],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[221,41672,41673],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[221,41675,1838,41676],{},[200,41677,41678,41680],{"href":8357},[15,41679,3080],{}," returns a string",[20,41682,238],{},[35,41684,41686],{"className":37,"code":41685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41687,41688,41701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41689,41690,41692,41694,41696,41699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41691,2568],{"class":50},[44,41693,55],{"class":54},[44,41695,59],{"class":58},[44,41697,41698],{"class":62},"abc",[44,41700,66],{"class":58},[44,41702,41703,41705,41707,41709,41711,41713],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41704,142],{"class":141},[44,41706,123],{"class":115},[44,41708,2313],{"class":1296},[44,41710,123],{"class":115},[44,41712,379],{"class":119},[44,41714,567],{"class":115},[1474,41716,3129],{"id":41717},"typeerror",[20,41719,15326,41720,41722],{},[15,41721,3129],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41724,41659],{},[218,41726,41727,41730,41733],{},[221,41728,41729],{},"Passing a list",[221,41731,41732],{},"Passing a dictionary",[221,41734,41735],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41737,238],{},[35,41739,41741],{"className":37,"code":41740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41742,41743,41768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41744,41745,41747,41749,41751,41753,41755,41757,41759,41761,41764,41766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41746,2568],{"class":50},[44,41748,55],{"class":54},[44,41750,10629],{"class":115},[44,41752,112],{"class":58},[44,41754,1089],{"class":62},[44,41756,112],{"class":58},[44,41758,790],{"class":115},[44,41760,59],{"class":58},[44,41762,41763],{"class":62},"9.99",[44,41765,112],{"class":58},[44,41767,9447],{"class":115},[44,41769,41770,41772,41774,41776,41778,41780],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41771,142],{"class":141},[44,41773,123],{"class":115},[44,41775,2313],{"class":1296},[44,41777,123],{"class":115},[44,41779,379],{"class":119},[44,41781,567],{"class":115},[1474,41783,41785],{"id":41784},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41787,41788,41789,41792],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41790,41791],{},"strip()"," can help:",[35,41794,41796],{"className":37,"code":41795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41797,41798,41811,41826,41830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41799,41800,41802,41804,41806,41809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41801,2568],{"class":50},[44,41803,55],{"class":54},[44,41805,59],{"class":58},[44,41807,41808],{"class":62},"  7.25  ",[44,41810,66],{"class":58},[44,41812,41813,41816,41818,41820,41822,41824],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41814,41815],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,41817,55],{"class":54},[44,41819,8572],{"class":50},[44,41821,116],{"class":115},[44,41823,8773],{"class":119},[44,41825,8782],{"class":115},[44,41827,41828],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,41829,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,41831,41832,41834,41836,41838,41840,41843],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,41833,142],{"class":141},[44,41835,123],{"class":115},[44,41837,2313],{"class":1296},[44,41839,123],{"class":115},[44,41841,41842],{"class":119},"clean_value",[44,41844,567],{"class":115},[20,41846,155],{},[35,41848,41850],{"className":37,"code":41849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,41851,41852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41853,41854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41855,41849],{"class":77},[1474,41857,41859],{"id":41858},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41861,41862],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,41864,41866],{"className":37,"code":41865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41867,41868,41881,41885,41895,41909,41924,41928,41942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41869,41870,41872,41874,41876,41879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41871,2568],{"class":50},[44,41873,55],{"class":54},[44,41875,59],{"class":58},[44,41877,41878],{"class":62}," 3.5 ",[44,41880,66],{"class":58},[44,41882,41883],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,41884,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,41886,41887,41889,41891,41893],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,41888,142],{"class":141},[44,41890,123],{"class":115},[44,41892,379],{"class":119},[44,41894,135],{"class":115},[44,41896,41897,41899,41901,41903,41905,41907],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,41898,142],{"class":141},[44,41900,123],{"class":115},[44,41902,1297],{"class":1296},[44,41904,123],{"class":115},[44,41906,379],{"class":119},[44,41908,567],{"class":115},[44,41910,41911,41913,41915,41918,41920,41922],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,41912,142],{"class":141},[44,41914,123],{"class":115},[44,41916,41917],{"class":141},"repr",[44,41919,123],{"class":115},[44,41921,379],{"class":119},[44,41923,567],{"class":115},[44,41925,41926],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,41927,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,41929,41930,41932,41934,41936,41938,41940],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,41931,41815],{"class":50},[44,41933,55],{"class":54},[44,41935,8572],{"class":50},[44,41937,116],{"class":115},[44,41939,8773],{"class":119},[44,41941,8782],{"class":115},[44,41943,41944,41946,41948,41950,41952,41954],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,41945,142],{"class":141},[44,41947,123],{"class":115},[44,41949,2313],{"class":1296},[44,41951,123],{"class":115},[44,41953,41842],{"class":119},[44,41955,567],{"class":115},[20,41957,41958],{},"Why this helps:",[218,41960,41961,41967,41972,41978],{},[221,41962,41963,41966],{},[15,41964,41965],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[221,41968,41969,21505],{},[15,41970,41971],{},"print(type(value))",[221,41973,41974,41977],{},[15,41975,41976],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[221,41979,41980,41982],{},[15,41981,41791],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1474,41984,41986],{"id":41985},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41988,41989],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,41991,41993],{"className":37,"code":41992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41994,41995,42014,42018,42024,42039,42058,42067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41996,41997,41999,42001,42003,42005,42007,42010,42012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41998,2568],{"class":50},[44,42000,55],{"class":54},[44,42002,8380],{"class":141},[44,42004,123],{"class":115},[44,42006,112],{"class":58},[44,42008,42009],{"class":62},"Enter a number: ",[44,42011,112],{"class":58},[44,42013,135],{"class":115},[44,42015,42016],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42017,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,42019,42020,42022],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,42021,29940],{"class":4003},[44,42023,6530],{"class":115},[44,42025,42026,42029,42031,42033,42035,42037],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,42027,42028],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,42030,55],{"class":54},[44,42032,40393],{"class":1296},[44,42034,123],{"class":115},[44,42036,379],{"class":119},[44,42038,135],{"class":115},[44,42040,42041,42043,42045,42047,42050,42052,42054,42056],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,42042,8206],{"class":141},[44,42044,123],{"class":115},[44,42046,112],{"class":58},[44,42048,42049],{"class":62},"Converted:",[44,42051,112],{"class":58},[44,42053,129],{"class":115},[44,42055,2318],{"class":119},[44,42057,135],{"class":115},[44,42059,42060,42062,42065],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,42061,29971],{"class":4003},[44,42063,42064],{"class":1296}," ValueError",[44,42066,6530],{"class":115},[44,42068,42069,42071,42073,42075,42078,42080],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,42070,8206],{"class":141},[44,42072,123],{"class":115},[44,42074,112],{"class":58},[44,42076,42077],{"class":62},"That is not a valid number.",[44,42079,112],{"class":58},[44,42081,135],{"class":115},[20,42083,42084,42085,116],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[200,42086,41033],{"href":41032},[30,42088,42090],{"id":42089},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42092,10729,42093,536,42095,42097],{},[15,42094,3006],{},[15,42096,2999],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42099,42100,42102],{},[15,42101,3006],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,42104,42106],{"className":37,"code":42105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42107,42108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42109,42110,42112,42114,42116,42118,42120,42123,42125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42111,142],{"class":141},[44,42113,123],{"class":115},[44,42115,2313],{"class":1296},[44,42117,123],{"class":115},[44,42119,112],{"class":58},[44,42121,42122],{"class":62},"3.9",[44,42124,112],{"class":58},[44,42126,567],{"class":115},[20,42128,155],{},[35,42130,42132],{"className":37,"code":42131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,42133,42134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42135,42136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42137,42131],{"class":77},[20,42139,42140,42142],{},[15,42141,2999],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,42144,42146],{"className":37,"code":42145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42147,42148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42149,42150,42152,42154,42156,42158,42160,42162,42164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42151,142],{"class":141},[44,42153,123],{"class":115},[44,42155,2309],{"class":1296},[44,42157,123],{"class":115},[44,42159,112],{"class":58},[44,42161,2451],{"class":62},[44,42163,112],{"class":58},[44,42165,567],{"class":115},[20,42167,155],{},[35,42169,42170],{"className":37,"code":2497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42171,42172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42173,42174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42175,2497],{"class":77},[20,42177,42178,42179,42182],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42180,42181],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,42184,42186],{"className":37,"code":42185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42187,42188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42189,42190,42192,42194,42196,42198,42200,42202,42204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42191,142],{"class":141},[44,42193,123],{"class":115},[44,42195,2309],{"class":1296},[44,42197,123],{"class":115},[44,42199,112],{"class":58},[44,42201,42122],{"class":62},[44,42203,112],{"class":58},[44,42205,567],{"class":115},[20,42207,3126,42208,8740,42210,42213],{},[15,42209,40841],{},[15,42211,42212],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42215,10852],{},[218,42217,42218,42224],{},[221,42219,42220,42223],{},[15,42221,42222],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[221,42225,42226,42228],{},[15,42227,42181],{}," fails",[20,42230,42231,42232,42235,42236,42238],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[200,42233,42234],{"href":2996},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[200,42237,2541],{"href":2540}," helpful.",[30,42240,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,42242,42244],{"id":42243},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42246,42247,42248,3000,42250,116],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42249,2613],{},[15,42251,40281],{},[1474,42253,42255],{"id":42254},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42257,42258,42259,3000,42262,116],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42260,42261],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42263,42264],{},"\"10\"",[1474,42266,42268],{"id":42267},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42270,29197,42271,42273,42274,116],{},[15,42272,41667],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42275,40841],{},[1474,42277,42279],{"id":42278},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42281,5280,42282,116],{},[15,42283,3894],{},[1474,42285,42287],{"id":42286},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42289,42290,42291,42293,42294,536,42297,42293,42299,116],{},"Yes. ",[15,42292,3724],{}," becomes ",[15,42295,42296],{},"1.0",[15,42298,3798],{},[15,42300,3894],{},[30,42302,2019],{"id":2018},[218,42304,42305,42309,42314,42319,42323,42327],{},[221,42306,42307],{},[200,42308,42234],{"href":2996},[221,42310,42311],{},[200,42312,42313],{"href":1012},"Python str() Function Explained",[221,42315,42316],{},[200,42317,42318],{"href":41028},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[221,42320,42321],{},[200,42322,9198],{"href":9120},[221,42324,42325],{},[200,42326,41033],{"href":41032},[221,42328,42329],{},[200,42330,42331],{"href":8357},"Python input() Function Explained",[2048,42333,42334],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: 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.smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":42336},[42337,42338,42339,42340,42347,42352,42353,42360,42365,42372,42373,42380],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":40328,"depth":69,"text":40329},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":40552,"depth":69,"text":40553,"children":42341},[42342,42343,42344,42345,42346],{"id":40561,"depth":81,"text":40562},{"id":40625,"depth":81,"text":40626},{"id":40689,"depth":81,"text":40690},{"id":40731,"depth":81,"text":40732},{"id":40786,"depth":81,"text":40787},{"id":40825,"depth":69,"text":40826,"children":42348},[42349,42350,42351],{"id":40834,"depth":81,"text":40835},{"id":40920,"depth":81,"text":40921},{"id":40990,"depth":81,"text":40991},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":41182,"depth":69,"text":41183,"children":42354},[42355,42357,42358,42359],{"id":41186,"depth":81,"text":42356},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41279,"depth":81,"text":41280},{"id":41365,"depth":81,"text":41366},{"id":41427,"depth":81,"text":41428},{"id":41487,"depth":69,"text":41488,"children":42361},[42362,42363,42364],{"id":41496,"depth":81,"text":41497},{"id":41535,"depth":81,"text":41536},{"id":41576,"depth":81,"text":41577},{"id":41641,"depth":69,"text":41642,"children":42366},[42367,42368,42369,42370,42371],{"id":41651,"depth":81,"text":40841},{"id":41717,"depth":81,"text":3129},{"id":41784,"depth":81,"text":41785},{"id":41858,"depth":81,"text":41859},{"id":41985,"depth":81,"text":41986},{"id":42089,"depth":69,"text":42090},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":42374},[42375,42376,42377,42378,42379],{"id":42243,"depth":81,"text":42244},{"id":42254,"depth":81,"text":42255},{"id":42267,"depth":81,"text":42268},{"id":42278,"depth":81,"text":42279},{"id":42286,"depth":81,"text":42287},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40229,"description":42381},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42388,"title":42389,"body":42390,"description":43607,"extension":2084,"meta":43608,"navigation":84,"path":35159,"seo":43609,"stem":43610,"__hash__":43611},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42391,"toc":43573},[42392,42395,42400,42403,42405,42444,42458,42462,42467,42470,42487,42490,42500,42515,42518,42520,42523,42539,42542,42545,42565,42569,42580,42583,42587,42591,42605,42640,42644,42655,42690,42693,42695,42703,42736,42752,42754,42764,42785,42796,42798,42803,42806,42820,42822,42841,42844,42857,42860,42864,42868,42882,42885,42903,42906,42921,42925,42930,42944,42950,42952,43008,43010,43043,43046,43062,43066,43073,43077,43082,43085,43096,43100,43105,43120,43129,43134,43153,43156,43168,43170,43175,43185,43188,43217,43222,43231,43235,43240,43243,43247,43252,43254,43284,43287,43294,43299,43304,43308,43311,43319,43322,43400,43403,43425,43427,43431,43434,43438,43444,43504,43508,43516,43520,43523,43525,43550,43570],[10,42393,42389],{"id":42394},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42396,3702,42397,42399],{},[15,42398,35162],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42401,42402],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[30,42404,33],{"id":32},[35,42406,42408],{"className":37,"code":42407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42409,42410,42420,42430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42411,42412,42414,42416,42418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42413,1934],{"class":141},[44,42415,123],{"class":115},[44,42417,11302],{"class":141},[44,42419,135],{"class":115},[44,42421,42422,42424,42426,42428],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42423,1934],{"class":141},[44,42425,123],{"class":115},[44,42427,1335],{"class":1296},[44,42429,135],{"class":115},[44,42431,42432,42434,42436,42438,42440,42442],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,42433,1934],{"class":141},[44,42435,123],{"class":115},[44,42437,1338],{"class":58},[44,42439,34796],{"class":62},[44,42441,1338],{"class":58},[44,42443,135],{"class":115},[20,42445,189,42446,42448,42449,3000,42451,42453,42454,42457],{},[15,42447,35162],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42450,11302],{},[15,42452,1335],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42455,42456],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[30,42459,42461],{"id":42460},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42463,42464,42466],{},[15,42465,35162],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42468,42469],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[218,42471,42472,42475,42478,42481,42484],{},[221,42473,42474],{},"Functions",[221,42476,42477],{},"Classes",[221,42479,42480],{},"Methods",[221,42482,42483],{},"Modules",[221,42485,42486],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42488,42489],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42491,42492,42493,42499],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[200,42494,42496],{"href":42495},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,42497,42498],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,42501,42503],{"className":37,"code":42502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,42504,42505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42506,42507,42509,42511,42513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42508,1934],{"class":141},[44,42510,123],{"class":115},[44,42512,11302],{"class":141},[44,42514,135],{"class":115},[20,42516,42517],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[30,42519,351],{"id":350},[20,42521,42522],{},"The main form is:",[35,42524,42526],{"className":37,"code":42525,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,42527,42528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42529,42530,42532,42534,42537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42531,1934],{"class":141},[44,42533,123],{"class":115},[44,42535,42536],{"class":1296},"object",[44,42538,135],{"class":115},[20,42540,42541],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42543,42544],{},"Common examples include:",[218,42546,42547,42551,42556,42560],{},[221,42548,42549],{},[15,42550,11302],{},[221,42552,42553],{},[15,42554,42555],{},"list.append",[221,42557,42558],{},[15,42559,1335],{},[221,42561,42562],{},[15,42563,42564],{},"open",[20,42566,7313,42567,7316],{},[15,42568,35162],{},[35,42570,42572],{"className":37,"code":42571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,42573,42574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42575,42576,42578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42577,1934],{"class":141},[44,42579,8782],{"class":115},[20,42581,42582],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[30,42584,42586],{"id":42585},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1474,42588,42590],{"id":42589},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42592,42593,42594,2310,42596,2310,42598,17210,42601,116],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42595,11302],{},[15,42597,142],{},[15,42599,42600],{},"input",[200,42602,42603],{"href":2420},[15,42604,2423],{},[35,42606,42608],{"className":37,"code":42607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42609,42610,42620,42630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42611,42612,42614,42616,42618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42613,1934],{"class":141},[44,42615,123],{"class":115},[44,42617,142],{"class":141},[44,42619,135],{"class":115},[44,42621,42622,42624,42626,42628],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42623,1934],{"class":141},[44,42625,123],{"class":115},[44,42627,42600],{"class":141},[44,42629,135],{"class":115},[44,42631,42632,42634,42636,42638],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,42633,1934],{"class":141},[44,42635,123],{"class":115},[44,42637,1297],{"class":1296},[44,42639,135],{"class":115},[1474,42641,42643],{"id":42642},"data-types","Data types",[20,42645,42646,42647,2310,42649,2310,42651,17210,42653,116],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42648,1335],{},[15,42650,8231],{},[15,42652,8961],{},[15,42654,6423],{},[35,42656,42658],{"className":37,"code":42657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42659,42660,42670,42680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42661,42662,42664,42666,42668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42663,1934],{"class":141},[44,42665,123],{"class":115},[44,42667,1335],{"class":1296},[44,42669,135],{"class":115},[44,42671,42672,42674,42676,42678],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42673,1934],{"class":141},[44,42675,123],{"class":115},[44,42677,8231],{"class":1296},[44,42679,135],{"class":115},[44,42681,42682,42684,42686,42688],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,42683,1934],{"class":141},[44,42685,123],{"class":115},[44,42687,8961],{"class":1296},[44,42689,135],{"class":115},[20,42691,42692],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1474,42694,42480],{"id":34643},[20,42696,42697,42698,536,42701,116],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42699,42700],{},"str.split",[15,42702,42555],{},[35,42704,42706],{"className":37,"code":42705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42707,42708,42722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42709,42710,42712,42714,42716,42718,42720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42711,1934],{"class":141},[44,42713,123],{"class":115},[44,42715,1335],{"class":1296},[44,42717,116],{"class":115},[44,42719,34606],{"class":685},[44,42721,135],{"class":115},[44,42723,42724,42726,42728,42730,42732,42734],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42725,1934],{"class":141},[44,42727,123],{"class":115},[44,42729,8231],{"class":1296},[44,42731,116],{"class":115},[44,42733,13691],{"class":685},[44,42735,135],{"class":115},[20,42737,42738,42739,8844,42741,28449,42746,42748,42749,42751],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42740,35162],{},[200,42742,42744],{"href":42743},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42745,34448],{},[15,42747,34448],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42750,35162],{}," explains one of them.",[1474,42753,42483],{"id":34796},[20,42755,42756,42757,2310,42759,17210,42761,116],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42758,18554],{},[15,42760,35325],{},[15,42762,42763],{},"os",[35,42765,42767],{"className":37,"code":42766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42768,42769,42775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42770,42771,42773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42772,35226],{"class":4003},[44,42774,35229],{"class":50},[44,42776,42777,42779,42781,42783],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42778,1934],{"class":141},[44,42780,123],{"class":115},[44,42782,18554],{"class":119},[44,42784,135],{"class":115},[20,42786,42787,42788,42792,42793,116],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[200,42789,42791],{"href":42790},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[200,42794,35292],{"href":42795},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[30,42797,35053],{"id":35052},[20,42799,42800,42802],{},[15,42801,35162],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42804,42805],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[218,42807,42808,42811,42814,42817],{},[221,42809,42810],{},"The function signature",[221,42812,42813],{},"The short description",[221,42815,42816],{},"Parameter names",[221,42818,42819],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42821,5606],{},[35,42823,42825],{"className":37,"code":42824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42826,42827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42828,42829,42831,42833,42835,42837,42839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42830,1934],{"class":141},[44,42832,123],{"class":115},[44,42834,1335],{"class":1296},[44,42836,116],{"class":115},[44,42838,34606],{"class":685},[44,42840,135],{"class":115},[20,42842,42843],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[218,42845,42846,42849,42852,42854],{},[221,42847,42848],{},"What object this is",[221,42850,42851],{},"What arguments it accepts",[221,42853,22107],{},[221,42855,42856],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42858,42859],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[30,42861,42863],{"id":42862},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42865,42866,30010],{},[15,42867,35162],{},[218,42869,42870,42873,42876,42879],{},[221,42871,42872],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[221,42874,42875],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[221,42877,42878],{},"You are exploring a new module",[221,42880,42881],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42883,42884],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,42886,42887],{"className":37,"code":42824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42888,42889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42890,42891,42893,42895,42897,42899,42901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42892,1934],{"class":141},[44,42894,123],{"class":115},[44,42896,1335],{"class":1296},[44,42898,116],{"class":115},[44,42900,34606],{"class":685},[44,42902,135],{"class":115},[20,42904,42905],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,42907,42909],{"className":37,"code":42908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,42910,42911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42912,42913,42915,42917,42919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42914,1934],{"class":141},[44,42916,123],{"class":115},[44,42918,42564],{"class":141},[44,42920,135],{"class":115},[30,42922,42924],{"id":42923},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42926,42927,42929],{},[15,42928,35162],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[218,42931,42932,42935,42938,42941],{},[221,42933,42934],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[221,42936,42937],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[221,42939,42940],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[221,42942,42943],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42945,42946,42947,42949],{},"So, ",[15,42948,35162],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42951,5606],{},[35,42953,42955],{"className":37,"code":42954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42956,42957,42970,42993,42997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42958,42959,42961,42963,42965,42968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42960,248],{"class":50},[44,42962,55],{"class":54},[44,42964,59],{"class":58},[44,42966,42967],{"class":62},"a,b,c",[44,42969,66],{"class":58},[44,42971,42972,42975,42977,42979,42981,42983,42985,42987,42989,42991],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,42973,42974],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,42976,55],{"class":54},[44,42978,269],{"class":50},[44,42980,116],{"class":115},[44,42982,34606],{"class":119},[44,42984,123],{"class":115},[44,42986,112],{"class":58},[44,42988,129],{"class":62},[44,42990,112],{"class":58},[44,42992,135],{"class":115},[44,42994,42995],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,42996,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,42998,42999,43001,43003,43006],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,43000,142],{"class":141},[44,43002,123],{"class":115},[44,43004,43005],{"class":119},"parts",[44,43007,135],{"class":115},[20,43009,5694],{},[35,43011,43013],{"className":37,"code":43012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43014,43015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43016,43017,43019,43021,43023,43025,43027,43029,43031,43033,43035,43037,43039,43041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43018,4027],{"class":115},[44,43020,1338],{"class":58},[44,43022,200],{"class":62},[44,43024,1338],{"class":58},[44,43026,129],{"class":115},[44,43028,1332],{"class":58},[44,43030,4891],{"class":62},[44,43032,1338],{"class":58},[44,43034,129],{"class":115},[44,43036,1332],{"class":58},[44,43038,9878],{"class":62},[44,43040,1338],{"class":58},[44,43042,3757],{"class":115},[20,43044,43045],{},"A good workflow is:",[28849,43047,43048,43053,43056,43059],{},[221,43049,189,43050,43052],{},[15,43051,35162],{}," to inspect something",[221,43054,43055],{},"Write a tiny example",[221,43057,43058],{},"Check the result",[221,43060,43061],{},"Repeat",[30,43063,43065],{"id":43064},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43067,43068,536,43070,43072],{},[15,43069,35162],{},[15,43071,34448],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1474,43074,43075],{"id":1934},[15,43076,35162],{},[20,43078,189,43079,43081],{},[15,43080,35162],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43083,43084],{},"It tells you:",[218,43086,43087,43090,43093],{},[221,43088,43089],{},"What something is",[221,43091,43092],{},"How to use it",[221,43094,43095],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1474,43097,43098],{"id":34509},[15,43099,34448],{},[20,43101,189,43102,43104],{},[15,43103,34448],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,43106,43108],{"className":37,"code":43107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,43109,43110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43111,43112,43114,43116,43118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43113,34509],{"class":141},[44,43115,123],{"class":115},[44,43117,1335],{"class":1296},[44,43119,135],{"class":115},[20,43121,43122,43123,2310,43125,17210,43127,116],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43124,34606],{},[15,43126,8773],{},[15,43128,8779],{},[20,43130,43131,43132,790],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43133,35162],{},[35,43135,43137],{"className":37,"code":43136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43138,43139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43140,43141,43143,43145,43147,43149,43151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43142,1934],{"class":141},[44,43144,123],{"class":115},[44,43146,1335],{"class":1296},[44,43148,116],{"class":115},[44,43150,8779],{"class":685},[44,43152,135],{"class":115},[20,43154,43155],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[218,43157,43158,43163],{},[221,43159,189,43160,43162],{},[15,43161,34448],{}," to discover options",[221,43164,189,43165,43167],{},[15,43166,35162],{}," to understand one option",[30,43169,1467],{"id":1466},[20,43171,43172,43173,116],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43174,35162],{},[1474,43176,8556,43178,43181,43182],{"id":43177},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43179,43180],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43183,43184],{},"help(len)",[20,43186,43187],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,43189,43191],{"className":37,"code":43190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43192,43193,43203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43194,43195,43197,43199,43201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43196,1934],{"class":141},[44,43198,123],{"class":115},[44,43200,11302],{"class":141},[44,43202,135],{"class":115},[44,43204,43205,43207,43209,43211,43213,43215],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43206,1934],{"class":141},[44,43208,123],{"class":115},[44,43210,1338],{"class":58},[44,43212,11302],{"class":62},[44,43214,1338],{"class":58},[44,43216,135],{"class":115},[20,43218,43219,43221],{},[15,43220,43184],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43223,43224,43226,43227,43230],{},[15,43225,43180],{}," treats ",[15,43228,43229],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1474,43232,43234],{"id":43233},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43236,43237,43239],{},[15,43238,35162],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43241,43242],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1474,43244,43246],{"id":43245},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43248,40481,43249,43251],{},[15,43250,35162],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43253,238],{},[35,43255,43257],{"className":37,"code":43256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43258,43259,43269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43260,43261,43263,43265,43267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43262,1934],{"class":141},[44,43264,123],{"class":115},[44,43266,11302],{"class":141},[44,43268,135],{"class":115},[44,43270,43271,43273,43275,43277,43280,43282],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43272,142],{"class":141},[44,43274,123],{"class":115},[44,43276,112],{"class":58},[44,43278,43279],{"class":62},"Done",[44,43281,112],{"class":58},[44,43283,135],{"class":115},[20,43285,43286],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1474,43288,37341,43290,8844,43292],{"id":43289},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43291,35162],{},[15,43293,34448],{},[20,43295,43296,43297,116],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43298,34448],{},[20,43300,43301,43302,116],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43303,35162],{},[30,43305,43307],{"id":43306},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43309,43310],{},"Open Python:",[35,43312,43313],{"className":37,"code":35678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43314,43315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43316,43317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43318,35678],{"class":50},[20,43320,43321],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,43323,43325],{"className":37,"code":43324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43326,43327,43337,43351,43365,43375,43390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43328,43329,43331,43333,43335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43330,1934],{"class":141},[44,43332,123],{"class":115},[44,43334,11302],{"class":141},[44,43336,135],{"class":115},[44,43338,43339,43341,43343,43345,43347,43349],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43340,1934],{"class":141},[44,43342,123],{"class":115},[44,43344,1335],{"class":1296},[44,43346,116],{"class":115},[44,43348,34606],{"class":685},[44,43350,135],{"class":115},[44,43352,43353,43355,43357,43359,43361,43363],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,43354,1934],{"class":141},[44,43356,123],{"class":115},[44,43358,8231],{"class":1296},[44,43360,116],{"class":115},[44,43362,13691],{"class":685},[44,43364,135],{"class":115},[44,43366,43367,43369,43371,43373],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,43368,1934],{"class":141},[44,43370,123],{"class":115},[44,43372,42564],{"class":141},[44,43374,135],{"class":115},[44,43376,43377,43379,43381,43383,43386,43388],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,43378,1934],{"class":141},[44,43380,123],{"class":115},[44,43382,1338],{"class":58},[44,43384,43385],{"class":62},"keywords",[44,43387,1338],{"class":58},[44,43389,135],{"class":115},[44,43391,43392,43394,43396,43398],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,43393,34509],{"class":141},[44,43395,123],{"class":115},[44,43397,1335],{"class":1296},[44,43399,135],{"class":115},[20,43401,43402],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[218,43404,43405,43408,43411,43414,43417,43420],{},[221,43406,43407],{},"A built-in function",[221,43409,43410],{},"A string method",[221,43412,43413],{},"A list method",[221,43415,43416],{},"A built-in file function",[221,43418,43419],{},"A special help topic",[221,43421,15326,43422,43424],{},[15,43423,34448],{}," example for comparison",[30,43426,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,43428,43430],{"id":43429},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43432,43433],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1474,43435,43437],{"id":43436},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43439,43440,43441,43443],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43442,35162],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,43445,43447],{"className":37,"code":43446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43448,43449,43461,43472,43490,43494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43450,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43452,34987],{"class":1075},[44,43454,34991],{"class":34990},[44,43456,123],{"class":115},[44,43458,126],{"class":37799},[44,43460,8480],{"class":115},[44,43462,43463,43466,43469],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43464,43465],{"class":364},"    \"\"\"",[44,43467,43468],{"class":367},"Return a friendly greeting.",[44,43470,43471],{"class":364},"\"\"\"\n",[44,43473,43474,43476,43479,43481,43483,43485,43487],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,43475,34998],{"class":4003},[44,43477,43478],{"class":1075}," f",[44,43480,1439],{"class":62},[44,43482,1072],{"class":77},[44,43484,126],{"class":50},[44,43486,1078],{"class":77},[44,43488,43489],{"class":62},"!\"\n",[44,43491,43492],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,43493,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,43495,43496,43498,43500,43502],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,43497,1934],{"class":141},[44,43499,123],{"class":115},[44,43501,35032],{"class":119},[44,43503,135],{"class":115},[1474,43505,43507],{"id":43506},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43509,43510,43512,43513,43515],{},[15,43511,43184],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43514,43180],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1474,43517,43519],{"id":43518},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43521,43522],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[30,43524,2019],{"id":2018},[218,43526,43527,43532,43536,43541,43546],{},[221,43528,43529],{},[200,43530,43531],{"href":42743},"Python dir() function explained",[221,43533,43534],{},[200,43535,8581],{"href":2420},[221,43537,43538],{},[200,43539,43540],{"href":42495},"Python len() function explained",[221,43542,43543],{},[200,43544,43545],{"href":42790},"How import works in Python",[221,43547,43548],{},[200,43549,35292],{"href":42795},[20,43551,43552,43553,43555,43556,2310,43558,17210,43560,43562,43563,3000,43566,43569],{},"Try ",[15,43554,35162],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43557,11302],{},[15,43559,142],{},[15,43561,42600],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43564,43565],{},"dir(str)",[15,43567,43568],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2048,43571,43572],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":43574},[43575,43576,43577,43578,43584,43585,43586,43587,43591,43599,43600,43606],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":42460,"depth":69,"text":42461},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":42585,"depth":69,"text":42586,"children":43579},[43580,43581,43582,43583],{"id":42589,"depth":81,"text":42590},{"id":42642,"depth":81,"text":42643},{"id":34643,"depth":81,"text":42480},{"id":34796,"depth":81,"text":42483},{"id":35052,"depth":69,"text":35053},{"id":42862,"depth":69,"text":42863},{"id":42923,"depth":69,"text":42924},{"id":43064,"depth":69,"text":43065,"children":43588},[43589,43590],{"id":1934,"depth":81,"text":35162},{"id":34509,"depth":81,"text":34448},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":43592},[43593,43595,43596,43597],{"id":43177,"depth":81,"text":43594},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43233,"depth":81,"text":43234},{"id":43245,"depth":81,"text":43246},{"id":43289,"depth":81,"text":43598},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43306,"depth":69,"text":43307},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":43601},[43602,43603,43604,43605],{"id":43429,"depth":81,"text":43430},{"id":43436,"depth":81,"text":43437},{"id":43506,"depth":81,"text":43507},{"id":43518,"depth":81,"text":43519},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42389,"description":43607},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43613,"title":43614,"body":43615,"description":44977,"extension":2084,"meta":44978,"navigation":84,"path":44979,"seo":44980,"stem":44981,"__hash__":44982},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43616,"toc":44950},[43617,43623,43628,43634,43644,43703,43713,43724,43729,43735,43737,43755,43763,43765,43767,43782,43785,43796,43798,43889,43892,43896,43901,43922,43924,44035,44037,44064,44075,44079,44082,44165,44167,44175,44181,44187,44191,44194,44304,44306,44319,44322,44336,44344,44351,44356,44370,44376,44489,44491,44552,44555,44561,44567,44570,44592,44595,44665,44668,44700,44707,44709,44712,44730,44733,44745,44751,44753,44758,44784,44787,44859,44861,44867,44870,44876,44879,44885,44895,44901,44904,44911,44914,44916,44947],[10,43618,1013,43620,3699],{"id":43619},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43621,43622],{},"id()",[20,43624,32453,43625,43627],{},[15,43626,43622],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43629,43630,43631,43633],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43632,43622],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43635,189,43636,43638,43639,43641,43642,116],{},[15,43637,43622],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[153,43640,4761],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43643,4819],{},[35,43645,43647],{"className":37,"code":43646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43648,43649,43661,43675,43679,43689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43650,43651,43653,43655,43657,43659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43652,51],{"class":50},[44,43654,55],{"class":54},[44,43656,59],{"class":58},[44,43658,7435],{"class":62},[44,43660,66],{"class":58},[44,43662,43663,43665,43667,43669,43671,43673],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43664,142],{"class":141},[44,43666,123],{"class":115},[44,43668,12789],{"class":141},[44,43670,123],{"class":115},[44,43672,126],{"class":119},[44,43674,567],{"class":115},[44,43676,43677],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,43678,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,43680,43681,43684,43686],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,43682,43683],{"class":50},"other ",[44,43685,55],{"class":54},[44,43687,43688],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,43690,43691,43693,43695,43697,43699,43701],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,43692,142],{"class":141},[44,43694,123],{"class":115},[44,43696,12789],{"class":141},[44,43698,123],{"class":115},[44,43700,30880],{"class":119},[44,43702,567],{"class":115},[20,43704,43705,43706,43709,43710,43712],{},"In this example, ",[15,43707,43708],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43711,43622],{}," values match.",[43714,43715,43716],"blockquote",{},[20,43717,189,43718,43720,43721,43723],{},[15,43719,43622],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43722,4819],{}," for value comparison.",[30,43725,3802,43727,3805],{"id":43726},"what-id-does",[15,43728,43622],{},[20,43730,43731,43734],{},[15,43732,43733],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43736,13189],{},[218,43738,43739,43742,43749,43752],{},[221,43740,43741],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[221,43743,43744,43745,43748],{},"It shows ",[153,43746,43747],{},"object identity",", not object value",[221,43750,43751],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[221,43753,43754],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43756,43757,43758,43762],{},"This is closely related to how ",[200,43759,43761],{"href":43760},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[30,43764,351],{"id":350},[20,43766,5568],{},[35,43768,43770],{"className":37,"code":43769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,43771,43772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43773,43774,43776,43778,43780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43775,12789],{"class":141},[44,43777,123],{"class":115},[44,43779,42536],{"class":1296},[44,43781,135],{"class":115},[20,43783,43784],{},"Important details:",[218,43786,43787,43790,43793],{},[221,43788,43789],{},"It takes one argument",[221,43791,43792],{},"It returns an integer",[221,43794,43795],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43797,238],{},[35,43799,43801],{"className":37,"code":43800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43802,43803,43815,43823,43843,43847,43861,43875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43804,43805,43807,43809,43811,43813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43806,248],{"class":50},[44,43808,55],{"class":54},[44,43810,59],{"class":58},[44,43812,3971],{"class":62},[44,43814,66],{"class":58},[44,43816,43817,43819,43821],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43818,2338],{"class":50},[44,43820,55],{"class":54},[44,43822,2891],{"class":77},[44,43824,43825,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835,43837,43839,43841],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,43826,7917],{"class":50},[44,43828,55],{"class":54},[44,43830,3744],{"class":115},[44,43832,3111],{"class":77},[44,43834,129],{"class":115},[44,43836,3116],{"class":77},[44,43838,129],{"class":115},[44,43840,2573],{"class":77},[44,43842,3757],{"class":115},[44,43844,43845],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,43846,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,43848,43849,43851,43853,43855,43857,43859],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,43850,142],{"class":141},[44,43852,123],{"class":115},[44,43854,12789],{"class":141},[44,43856,123],{"class":115},[44,43858,308],{"class":119},[44,43860,567],{"class":115},[44,43862,43863,43865,43867,43869,43871,43873],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,43864,142],{"class":141},[44,43866,123],{"class":115},[44,43868,12789],{"class":141},[44,43870,123],{"class":115},[44,43872,2361],{"class":119},[44,43874,567],{"class":115},[44,43876,43877,43879,43881,43883,43885,43887],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,43878,142],{"class":141},[44,43880,123],{"class":115},[44,43882,12789],{"class":141},[44,43884,123],{"class":115},[44,43886,7948],{"class":119},[44,43888,567],{"class":115},[20,43890,43891],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[30,43893,43895],{"id":43894},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43897,43898,43899,116],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43900,43622],{},[218,43902,43903,43910,43917],{},[221,43904,43905,43907,43908],{},[15,43906,4819],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[153,43909,379],{},[221,43911,43912,43914,43915],{},[15,43913,168],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[153,43916,42536],{},[221,43918,43919,43921],{},[15,43920,43622],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43923,238],{},[35,43925,43927],{"className":37,"code":43926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43928,43929,43949,43969,43973,43990,44007,44021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43930,43931,43933,43935,43937,43939,43941,43943,43945,43947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43932,2676],{"class":50},[44,43934,55],{"class":54},[44,43936,3744],{"class":115},[44,43938,3111],{"class":77},[44,43940,129],{"class":115},[44,43942,3116],{"class":77},[44,43944,129],{"class":115},[44,43946,2573],{"class":77},[44,43948,3757],{"class":115},[44,43950,43951,43953,43955,43957,43959,43961,43963,43965,43967],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,43952,2704],{"class":50},[44,43954,55],{"class":54},[44,43956,3744],{"class":115},[44,43958,3111],{"class":77},[44,43960,129],{"class":115},[44,43962,3116],{"class":77},[44,43964,129],{"class":115},[44,43966,2573],{"class":77},[44,43968,3757],{"class":115},[44,43970,43971],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,43972,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,43974,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983,43985,43987],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,43976,142],{"class":141},[44,43978,123],{"class":115},[44,43980,2676],{"class":119},[44,43982,4819],{"class":54},[44,43984,2681],{"class":119},[44,43986,3784],{"class":115},[44,43988,43989],{"class":3787},"   # True\n",[44,43991,43992,43994,43996,43998,44000,44002,44004],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,43993,142],{"class":141},[44,43995,123],{"class":115},[44,43997,2676],{"class":119},[44,43999,168],{"class":4003},[44,44001,2681],{"class":119},[44,44003,3784],{"class":115},[44,44005,44006],{"class":3787},"   # False\n",[44,44008,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,44010,142],{"class":141},[44,44012,123],{"class":115},[44,44014,12789],{"class":141},[44,44016,123],{"class":115},[44,44018,200],{"class":119},[44,44020,567],{"class":115},[44,44022,44023,44025,44027,44029,44031,44033],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,44024,142],{"class":141},[44,44026,123],{"class":115},[44,44028,12789],{"class":141},[44,44030,123],{"class":115},[44,44032,4891],{"class":119},[44,44034,567],{"class":115},[20,44036,2299],{},[218,44038,44039,44047,44055],{},[221,44040,44041,4914,44044,44046],{},[15,44042,44043],{},"a == b",[15,44045,3724],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[221,44048,44049,4914,44052,44054],{},[15,44050,44051],{},"a is b",[15,44053,3798],{}," because they are different list objects",[221,44056,44057,536,44060,44063],{},[15,44058,44059],{},"id(a)",[15,44061,44062],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44065,44066,44067,536,44071,116],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[200,44068,44070],{"href":44069},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[200,44072,44074],{"href":44073},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[30,44076,44078],{"id":44077},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44080,44081],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,44083,44085],{"className":37,"code":44084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44086,44087,44107,44117,44121,44135,44150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44088,44089,44091,44093,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44090,3739],{"class":50},[44,44092,55],{"class":54},[44,44094,3744],{"class":115},[44,44096,2451],{"class":77},[44,44098,129],{"class":115},[44,44100,7928],{"class":77},[44,44102,129],{"class":115},[44,44104,7933],{"class":77},[44,44106,3757],{"class":115},[44,44108,44109,44112,44114],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44110,44111],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,44113,55],{"class":54},[44,44115,44116],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,44118,44119],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,44120,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,44122,44123,44125,44127,44129,44131,44133],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,44124,142],{"class":141},[44,44126,123],{"class":115},[44,44128,12789],{"class":141},[44,44130,123],{"class":115},[44,44132,3771],{"class":119},[44,44134,567],{"class":115},[44,44136,44137,44139,44141,44143,44145,44148],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,44138,142],{"class":141},[44,44140,123],{"class":115},[44,44142,12789],{"class":141},[44,44144,123],{"class":115},[44,44146,44147],{"class":119},"other_numbers",[44,44149,567],{"class":115},[44,44151,44152,44154,44156,44158,44160,44163],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,44153,142],{"class":141},[44,44155,123],{"class":115},[44,44157,3739],{"class":119},[44,44159,168],{"class":4003},[44,44161,44162],{"class":119}," other_numbers",[44,44164,135],{"class":115},[20,44166,5694],{},[35,44168,44169],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,44170,44171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44172,44173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44174,4107],{"class":3978},[20,44176,44177,44178,44180],{},"The two ",[15,44179,43622],{}," values will also match.",[20,44182,22326,44183,44186],{},[15,44184,44185],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[30,44188,44190],{"id":44189},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44192,44193],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,44195,44197],{"className":37,"code":44196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44198,44199,44220,44241,44245,44260,44274,44289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44200,44201,44204,44206,44208,44210,44212,44214,44216,44218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44202,44203],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,44205,55],{"class":54},[44,44207,3744],{"class":115},[44,44209,3111],{"class":77},[44,44211,129],{"class":115},[44,44213,3116],{"class":77},[44,44215,129],{"class":115},[44,44217,2573],{"class":77},[44,44219,3757],{"class":115},[44,44221,44222,44225,44227,44229,44231,44233,44235,44237,44239],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44223,44224],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,44226,55],{"class":54},[44,44228,3744],{"class":115},[44,44230,3111],{"class":77},[44,44232,129],{"class":115},[44,44234,3116],{"class":77},[44,44236,129],{"class":115},[44,44238,2573],{"class":77},[44,44240,3757],{"class":115},[44,44242,44243],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,44244,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,44246,44247,44249,44251,44253,44255,44258],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,44248,142],{"class":141},[44,44250,123],{"class":115},[44,44252,44203],{"class":119},[44,44254,4819],{"class":54},[44,44256,44257],{"class":119}," list_b",[44,44259,135],{"class":115},[44,44261,44262,44264,44266,44268,44270,44272],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,44263,142],{"class":141},[44,44265,123],{"class":115},[44,44267,44203],{"class":119},[44,44269,168],{"class":4003},[44,44271,44257],{"class":119},[44,44273,135],{"class":115},[44,44275,44276,44278,44280,44282,44284,44287],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,44277,142],{"class":141},[44,44279,123],{"class":115},[44,44281,12789],{"class":141},[44,44283,123],{"class":115},[44,44285,44286],{"class":119},"list_a",[44,44288,567],{"class":115},[44,44290,44291,44293,44295,44297,44299,44302],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,44292,142],{"class":141},[44,44294,123],{"class":115},[44,44296,12789],{"class":141},[44,44298,123],{"class":115},[44,44300,44301],{"class":119},"list_b",[44,44303,567],{"class":115},[20,44305,5694],{},[35,44307,44309],{"className":37,"code":44308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44310,44311,44315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44312,44313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44314,4107],{"class":3978},[44,44316,44317],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44318,4168],{"class":3978},[20,44320,44321],{},"What this means:",[218,44323,44324,44327,44330],{},[221,44325,44326],{},"The lists are equal in value",[221,44328,44329],{},"They are not the same object",[221,44331,44332,44333,44335],{},"Their ",[15,44334,43622],{}," values are usually different",[20,44337,44338,44339,44341,44342,116],{},"This is why ",[15,44340,43622],{}," should not replace ",[15,44343,4819],{},[30,44345,44347,44348,44350],{"id":44346},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44349,43622],{}," is useful",[20,44352,44353,44355],{},[15,44354,43622],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[218,44357,44358,44361,44364,44367],{},[221,44359,44360],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[221,44362,44363],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[221,44365,44366],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[221,44368,44369],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44371,44372,44373,44375],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44374,43622],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,44377,44379],{"className":37,"code":44378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44380,44381,44405,44414,44418,44437,44441,44451,44461,44475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44382,44383,44385,44387,44389,44391,44393,44395,44397,44399,44401,44403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44384,12226],{"class":50},[44,44386,55],{"class":54},[44,44388,3744],{"class":115},[44,44390,112],{"class":58},[44,44392,200],{"class":62},[44,44394,112],{"class":58},[44,44396,129],{"class":115},[44,44398,59],{"class":58},[44,44400,4891],{"class":62},[44,44402,112],{"class":58},[44,44404,3757],{"class":115},[44,44406,44407,44410,44412],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44408,44409],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,44411,55],{"class":54},[44,44413,12264],{"class":50},[44,44415,44416],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,44417,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,44419,44420,44423,44425,44427,44429,44431,44433,44435],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,44421,44422],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,44424,116],{"class":115},[44,44426,13691],{"class":119},[44,44428,123],{"class":115},[44,44430,112],{"class":58},[44,44432,9878],{"class":62},[44,44434,112],{"class":58},[44,44436,135],{"class":115},[44,44438,44439],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,44440,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,44442,44443,44445,44447,44449],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,44444,142],{"class":141},[44,44446,123],{"class":115},[44,44448,12273],{"class":119},[44,44450,135],{"class":115},[44,44452,44453,44455,44457,44459],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,44454,142],{"class":141},[44,44456,123],{"class":115},[44,44458,44422],{"class":119},[44,44460,135],{"class":115},[44,44462,44463,44465,44467,44469,44471,44473],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,44464,142],{"class":141},[44,44466,123],{"class":115},[44,44468,12789],{"class":141},[44,44470,123],{"class":115},[44,44472,12273],{"class":119},[44,44474,567],{"class":115},[44,44476,44477,44479,44481,44483,44485,44487],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,44478,142],{"class":141},[44,44480,123],{"class":115},[44,44482,12789],{"class":141},[44,44484,123],{"class":115},[44,44486,44422],{"class":119},[44,44488,567],{"class":115},[20,44490,5694],{},[35,44492,44494],{"className":37,"code":44493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44495,44496,44524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44497,44498,44500,44502,44504,44506,44508,44510,44512,44514,44516,44518,44520,44522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44499,4027],{"class":115},[44,44501,1338],{"class":58},[44,44503,200],{"class":62},[44,44505,1338],{"class":58},[44,44507,129],{"class":115},[44,44509,1332],{"class":58},[44,44511,4891],{"class":62},[44,44513,1338],{"class":58},[44,44515,129],{"class":115},[44,44517,1332],{"class":58},[44,44519,9878],{"class":62},[44,44521,1338],{"class":58},[44,44523,3757],{"class":115},[44,44525,44526,44528,44530,44532,44534,44536,44538,44540,44542,44544,44546,44548,44550],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44527,4027],{"class":115},[44,44529,1338],{"class":58},[44,44531,200],{"class":62},[44,44533,1338],{"class":58},[44,44535,129],{"class":115},[44,44537,1332],{"class":58},[44,44539,4891],{"class":62},[44,44541,1338],{"class":58},[44,44543,129],{"class":115},[44,44545,1332],{"class":58},[44,44547,9878],{"class":62},[44,44549,1338],{"class":58},[44,44551,3757],{"class":115},[20,44553,44554],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[30,44556,44558,44559],{"id":44557},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44560,43622],{},[20,44562,44563,44564,44566],{},"Do not use ",[15,44565,43622],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44568,44569],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[218,44571,44572,44578,44584,44587],{},[221,44573,44574,44575,44577],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44576,4819],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[221,44579,44580,44581,44583],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44582,43622],{}," values across program runs",[221,44585,44586],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[221,44588,44589,44590],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44591,43622],{},[20,44593,44594],{},"Bad example:",[35,44596,44598],{"className":37,"code":44597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44599,44600,44612,44624,44628,44650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44601,44602,44604,44606,44608,44610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44603,2676],{"class":50},[44,44605,55],{"class":54},[44,44607,59],{"class":58},[44,44609,417],{"class":62},[44,44611,66],{"class":58},[44,44613,44614,44616,44618,44620,44622],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44615,2704],{"class":50},[44,44617,55],{"class":54},[44,44619,59],{"class":58},[44,44621,417],{"class":62},[44,44623,66],{"class":58},[44,44625,44626],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,44627,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,44629,44630,44632,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644,44646,44648],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,44631,7135],{"class":4003},[44,44633,14954],{"class":141},[44,44635,123],{"class":115},[44,44637,200],{"class":119},[44,44639,3784],{"class":115},[44,44641,6545],{"class":54},[44,44643,14954],{"class":141},[44,44645,123],{"class":115},[44,44647,4891],{"class":119},[44,44649,8480],{"class":115},[44,44651,44652,44654,44656,44658,44661,44663],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,44653,8206],{"class":141},[44,44655,123],{"class":115},[44,44657,112],{"class":58},[44,44659,44660],{"class":62},"The values are equal",[44,44662,112],{"class":58},[44,44664,135],{"class":115},[20,44666,44667],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,44669,44671],{"className":37,"code":44670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44672,44673,44686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44674,44675,44677,44680,44682,44684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44676,7135],{"class":4003},[44,44678,44679],{"class":50}," a ",[44,44681,4819],{"class":54},[44,44683,2681],{"class":50},[44,44685,6530],{"class":115},[44,44687,44688,44690,44692,44694,44696,44698],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44689,8206],{"class":141},[44,44691,123],{"class":115},[44,44693,112],{"class":58},[44,44695,44660],{"class":62},[44,44697,112],{"class":58},[44,44699,135],{"class":115},[20,44701,189,44702,3000,44704,44706],{},[15,44703,168],{},[15,44705,43622],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[30,44708,20938],{"id":20937},[20,44710,44711],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[218,44713,44714,44717,44720,44725],{},[221,44715,44716],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[221,44718,44719],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[221,44721,44722,44723],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44724,43622],{},[221,44726,44727,44728],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44729,43622],{},[20,44731,44732],{},"The important rule is:",[218,44734,44735,44740],{},[221,44736,189,44737,44739],{},[15,44738,4819],{}," to check value",[221,44741,189,44742,44744],{},[15,44743,168],{}," to check identity",[20,44746,44747,44748,44750],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44749,43622],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[30,44752,1467],{"id":1466},[20,44754,44755,44756,790],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44757,43622],{},[218,44759,44760,44768,44771,44774,44779],{},[221,44761,8556,44762,44764,44765,44767],{},[15,44763,43622],{}," when ",[15,44766,4819],{}," should be used",[221,44769,44770],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[221,44772,44773],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[221,44775,44776,44777],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44778,43622],{},[221,44780,8556,44781,44783],{},[15,44782,43622],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44785,44786],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,44788,44790],{"className":37,"code":44789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44791,44792,44807,44821,44835,44849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44793,44794,44796,44798,44800,44802,44805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44795,142],{"class":141},[44,44797,123],{"class":115},[44,44799,12789],{"class":141},[44,44801,123],{"class":115},[44,44803,44804],{"class":119},"my_object",[44,44806,567],{"class":115},[44,44808,44809,44811,44813,44815,44817,44819],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,44810,142],{"class":141},[44,44812,123],{"class":115},[44,44814,2676],{"class":119},[44,44816,4819],{"class":54},[44,44818,2681],{"class":119},[44,44820,135],{"class":115},[44,44822,44823,44825,44827,44829,44831,44833],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,44824,142],{"class":141},[44,44826,123],{"class":115},[44,44828,2676],{"class":119},[44,44830,168],{"class":4003},[44,44832,2681],{"class":119},[44,44834,135],{"class":115},[44,44836,44837,44839,44841,44843,44845,44847],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,44838,142],{"class":141},[44,44840,123],{"class":115},[44,44842,1297],{"class":1296},[44,44844,123],{"class":115},[44,44846,44804],{"class":119},[44,44848,567],{"class":115},[44,44850,44851,44853,44855,44857],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,44852,1934],{"class":141},[44,44854,123],{"class":115},[44,44856,12789],{"class":141},[44,44858,135],{"class":115},[30,44860,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,44862,44864,44865,1975],{"id":44863},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44866,43622],{},[20,44868,44869],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1474,44871,2006,44873,44875],{"id":44872},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44874,43622],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44877,44878],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1474,44880,21558,44882,44884],{"id":44881},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44883,43622],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44886,30407,44887,44889,44890,3000,44892,44894],{},[15,44888,4819],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44891,43622],{},[15,44893,168],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1474,44896,44898,44899,1995],{"id":44897},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44900,43622],{},[20,44902,44903],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1474,44905,44907,44908,44910],{"id":44906},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44909,43622],{}," values?",[20,44912,44913],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[30,44915,2019],{"id":2018},[218,44917,44918,44923,44928,44933,44941],{},[221,44919,44920],{},[200,44921,44922],{"href":43760},"Python variables explained for beginners",[221,44924,44925],{},[200,44926,44927],{"href":44069},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[221,44929,44930],{},[200,44931,44932],{"href":44073},"Python data types overview",[221,44934,44935],{},[200,44936,1013,44938,1017],{"href":44937},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44939,44940],{},"isinstance()",[221,44942,44943],{},[200,44944,44946],{"href":44945},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2048,44948,44949],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":44951},[44952,44954,44955,44956,44957,44958,44960,44962,44963,44964,44976],{"id":43726,"depth":69,"text":44953},"What id() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":43894,"depth":69,"text":43895},{"id":44077,"depth":69,"text":44078},{"id":44189,"depth":69,"text":44190},{"id":44346,"depth":69,"text":44959},"When id() is useful",{"id":44557,"depth":69,"text":44961},"When not to use id()",{"id":20937,"depth":69,"text":20938},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":44965},[44966,44968,44970,44972,44974],{"id":44863,"depth":81,"text":44967},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44872,"depth":81,"text":44969},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44881,"depth":81,"text":44971},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44897,"depth":81,"text":44973},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44906,"depth":81,"text":44975},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43614,"description":44977},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44984,"title":42331,"body":44985,"description":46621,"extension":2084,"meta":46622,"navigation":84,"path":46623,"seo":46624,"stem":46625,"__hash__":46626},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44986,"toc":46587},[44987,44992,44997,45000,45002,45044,45049,45052,45057,45062,45065,45081,45083,45127,45129,45156,45158,45173,45175,45177,45179,45195,45197,45209,45212,45246,45249,45274,45279,45281,45286,45290,45293,45295,45343,45345,45378,45384,45395,45397,45449,45451,45482,45484,45488,45492,45535,45541,45547,45599,45607,45612,45616,45707,45709,45742,45745,45747,45807,45809,45835,45845,45847,45851,45856,45861,45863,45900,45902,45921,45924,45928,45931,45987,45999,46008,46010,46037,46045,46052,46056,46059,46096,46099,46105,46142,46144,46148,46154,46172,46176,46224,46228,46317,46320,46327,46329,46331,46336,46354,46356,46399,46405,46422,46424,46486,46488,46490,46496,46504,46510,46516,46525,46535,46539,46547,46549,46551,46584],[10,44988,1013,44990,3699],{"id":44989},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44991,3080],{},[20,44993,213,44994,44996],{},[15,44995,3080],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44998,44999],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[30,45001,33],{"id":32},[35,45003,45005],{"className":37,"code":45004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,45006,45007,45026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45008,45009,45011,45013,45015,45017,45019,45022,45024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45010,51],{"class":50},[44,45012,55],{"class":54},[44,45014,8380],{"class":141},[44,45016,123],{"class":115},[44,45018,112],{"class":58},[44,45020,45021],{"class":62},"Enter your name: ",[44,45023,112],{"class":58},[44,45025,135],{"class":115},[44,45027,45028,45030,45032,45034,45036,45038,45040,45042],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45029,142],{"class":141},[44,45031,123],{"class":115},[44,45033,112],{"class":58},[44,45035,255],{"class":62},[44,45037,112],{"class":58},[44,45039,2576],{"class":54},[44,45041,36128],{"class":119},[44,45043,135],{"class":115},[20,45045,189,45046,45048],{},[15,45047,3080],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45050,45051],"hr",{},[30,45053,3802,45055,3805],{"id":45054},"what-input-does",[15,45056,3080],{},[20,45058,45059,45061],{},[15,45060,3080],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45063,45064],{},"Here is what happens:",[218,45066,45067,45072,45075,45078],{},[221,45068,45069,45071],{},[15,45070,3080],{}," waits for the user to type",[221,45073,45074],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[221,45076,45077],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[221,45079,45080],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45082,238],{},[35,45084,45086],{"className":37,"code":45085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45087,45088,45108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45089,45090,45093,45095,45097,45099,45101,45104,45106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45091,45092],{"class":50},"color ",[44,45094,55],{"class":54},[44,45096,8380],{"class":141},[44,45098,123],{"class":115},[44,45100,112],{"class":58},[44,45102,45103],{"class":62},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,45105,112],{"class":58},[44,45107,135],{"class":115},[44,45109,45110,45112,45114,45116,45119,45121,45123,45125],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45111,142],{"class":141},[44,45113,123],{"class":115},[44,45115,112],{"class":58},[44,45117,45118],{"class":62},"Your favorite color is",[44,45120,112],{"class":58},[44,45122,129],{"class":115},[44,45124,35987],{"class":119},[44,45126,135],{"class":115},[20,45128,30166],{},[35,45130,45132],{"className":37,"code":45131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45133,45134,45147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45135,45136,45138,45140,45143,45145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45137,3802],{"class":50},[44,45139,168],{"class":54},[44,45141,45142],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,45144,1995],{"class":1120},[44,45146,36017],{"class":50},[44,45148,45149,45152,45154],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45150,45151],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,45153,168],{"class":54},[44,45155,36017],{"class":50},[20,45157,20094],{},[218,45159,45160,45165,45170],{},[221,45161,45162,45163],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45164,45103],{},[221,45166,45167,45168],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45169,33027],{},[221,45171,45172],{},"That value is then printed",[45050,45174],{},[30,45176,351],{"id":350},[20,45178,7356],{},[35,45180,45182],{"className":37,"code":45181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45183,45184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45185,45186,45188,45190,45193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45187,42600],{"class":141},[44,45189,123],{"class":115},[44,45191,45192],{"class":119},"prompt",[44,45194,135],{"class":115},[20,45196,11598],{},[218,45198,45199,45203,45206],{},[221,45200,213,45201,20176],{},[15,45202,45192],{},[221,45204,45205],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[221,45207,45208],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45210,45211],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,45213,45215],{"className":37,"code":45214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45216,45217,45236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45218,45219,45221,45223,45225,45227,45229,45232,45234],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45220,8099],{"class":50},[44,45222,55],{"class":54},[44,45224,8380],{"class":141},[44,45226,123],{"class":115},[44,45228,112],{"class":58},[44,45230,45231],{"class":62},"Enter your username: ",[44,45233,112],{"class":58},[44,45235,135],{"class":115},[44,45237,45238,45240,45242,45244],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45239,142],{"class":141},[44,45241,123],{"class":115},[44,45243,1632],{"class":119},[44,45245,135],{"class":115},[20,45247,45248],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,45250,45252],{"className":37,"code":45251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45253,45254,45264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45255,45256,45258,45260,45262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45257,2568],{"class":50},[44,45259,55],{"class":54},[44,45261,8380],{"class":141},[44,45263,8782],{"class":115},[44,45265,45266,45268,45270,45272],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45267,142],{"class":141},[44,45269,123],{"class":115},[44,45271,379],{"class":119},[44,45273,135],{"class":115},[20,45275,7900,45276,45278],{},[15,45277,3080],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45050,45280],{},[30,45282,3802,45284,11845],{"id":45283},"what-input-returns",[15,45285,3080],{},[20,45287,45288,8363],{},[15,45289,3080],{},[20,45291,45292],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45294,238],{},[35,45296,45298],{"className":37,"code":45297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45299,45300,45319,45329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45301,45302,45304,45306,45308,45310,45312,45315,45317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45303,72],{"class":50},[44,45305,55],{"class":54},[44,45307,8380],{"class":141},[44,45309,123],{"class":115},[44,45311,112],{"class":58},[44,45313,45314],{"class":62},"Enter your age: ",[44,45316,112],{"class":58},[44,45318,135],{"class":115},[44,45320,45321,45323,45325,45327],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45322,142],{"class":141},[44,45324,123],{"class":115},[44,45326,9437],{"class":119},[44,45328,135],{"class":115},[44,45330,45331,45333,45335,45337,45339,45341],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,45332,142],{"class":141},[44,45334,123],{"class":115},[44,45336,1297],{"class":1296},[44,45338,123],{"class":115},[44,45340,9437],{"class":119},[44,45342,567],{"class":115},[20,45344,30166],{},[35,45346,45348],{"className":37,"code":45347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45349,45350,45360,45364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45351,45352,45355,45357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45353,45354],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,45356,790],{"class":115},[44,45358,45359],{"class":77}," 25\n",[44,45361,45362],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45363,2831],{"class":77},[44,45365,45366,45368,45370,45372,45374,45376],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,45367,1326],{"class":54},[44,45369,1329],{"class":1075},[44,45371,1332],{"class":58},[44,45373,1335],{"class":62},[44,45375,1338],{"class":58},[44,45377,1341],{"class":54},[20,45379,45380,45381,45383],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45382,9332],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45385,45386,45387,3000,45391,116],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[200,45388,45389],{"href":2996},[15,45390,2999],{},[200,45392,45393],{"href":3003},[15,45394,3006],{},[20,45396,238],{},[35,45398,45400],{"className":37,"code":45399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45401,45402,45425,45435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45403,45404,45406,45408,45411,45413,45415,45417,45419,45421,45423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45405,72],{"class":50},[44,45407,55],{"class":54},[44,45409,45410],{"class":1296}," int",[44,45412,123],{"class":115},[44,45414,42600],{"class":141},[44,45416,123],{"class":115},[44,45418,112],{"class":58},[44,45420,45314],{"class":62},[44,45422,112],{"class":58},[44,45424,567],{"class":115},[44,45426,45427,45429,45431,45433],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45428,142],{"class":141},[44,45430,123],{"class":115},[44,45432,9437],{"class":119},[44,45434,135],{"class":115},[44,45436,45437,45439,45441,45443,45445,45447],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,45438,142],{"class":141},[44,45440,123],{"class":115},[44,45442,1297],{"class":1296},[44,45444,123],{"class":115},[44,45446,9437],{"class":119},[44,45448,567],{"class":115},[20,45450,30166],{},[35,45452,45454],{"className":37,"code":45453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45455,45456,45464,45468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45457,45458,45460,45462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45459,45354],{"class":50},[44,45461,790],{"class":115},[44,45463,45359],{"class":77},[44,45465,45466],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45467,2831],{"class":77},[44,45469,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478,45480],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,45471,1326],{"class":54},[44,45473,1329],{"class":1075},[44,45475,1332],{"class":58},[44,45477,2309],{"class":62},[44,45479,1338],{"class":58},[44,45481,1341],{"class":54},[45050,45483],{},[30,45485,45487],{"id":45486},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1474,45489,45491],{"id":45490},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,45493,45495],{"className":37,"code":45494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45496,45497,45516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45498,45499,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45512,45514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45500,51],{"class":50},[44,45502,55],{"class":54},[44,45504,8380],{"class":141},[44,45506,123],{"class":115},[44,45508,112],{"class":58},[44,45510,45511],{"class":62},"What is your name? ",[44,45513,112],{"class":58},[44,45515,135],{"class":115},[44,45517,45518,45520,45522,45524,45527,45529,45531,45533],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45519,142],{"class":141},[44,45521,123],{"class":115},[44,45523,112],{"class":58},[44,45525,45526],{"class":62},"Hello,",[44,45528,112],{"class":58},[44,45530,129],{"class":115},[44,45532,36128],{"class":119},[44,45534,135],{"class":115},[20,45536,45537,45538,45540],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45539,126],{}," and prints it.",[1474,45542,45544,45545],{"id":45543},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45546,2999],{},[35,45548,45550],{"className":37,"code":45549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45551,45552,45575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45553,45554,45556,45558,45560,45562,45564,45566,45568,45571,45573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45555,72],{"class":50},[44,45557,55],{"class":54},[44,45559,45410],{"class":1296},[44,45561,123],{"class":115},[44,45563,42600],{"class":141},[44,45565,123],{"class":115},[44,45567,112],{"class":58},[44,45569,45570],{"class":62},"How old are you? ",[44,45572,112],{"class":58},[44,45574,567],{"class":115},[44,45576,45577,45579,45581,45583,45586,45588,45590,45593,45595,45597],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45578,142],{"class":141},[44,45580,123],{"class":115},[44,45582,112],{"class":58},[44,45584,45585],{"class":62},"Next year you will be",[44,45587,112],{"class":58},[44,45589,129],{"class":115},[44,45591,45592],{"class":119}," age ",[44,45594,2180],{"class":54},[44,45596,5632],{"class":77},[44,45598,135],{"class":115},[20,45600,6196,45601,45603,45604,45606],{},[15,45602,2999],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45605,3080],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45608,45609,45610,116],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[200,45611,9121],{"href":9120},[1474,45613,45615],{"id":45614},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,45617,45619],{"className":37,"code":45618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45620,45621,45645,45669,45683,45687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45622,45623,45626,45628,45630,45632,45634,45636,45638,45641,45643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45624,45625],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,45627,55],{"class":54},[44,45629,45410],{"class":1296},[44,45631,123],{"class":115},[44,45633,42600],{"class":141},[44,45635,123],{"class":115},[44,45637,112],{"class":58},[44,45639,45640],{"class":62},"Enter the first number: ",[44,45642,112],{"class":58},[44,45644,567],{"class":115},[44,45646,45647,45650,45652,45654,45656,45658,45660,45662,45665,45667],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45648,45649],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,45651,55],{"class":54},[44,45653,45410],{"class":1296},[44,45655,123],{"class":115},[44,45657,42600],{"class":141},[44,45659,123],{"class":115},[44,45661,112],{"class":58},[44,45663,45664],{"class":62},"Enter the second number: ",[44,45666,112],{"class":58},[44,45668,567],{"class":115},[44,45670,45671,45673,45675,45678,45680],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,45672,41320],{"class":50},[44,45674,55],{"class":54},[44,45676,45677],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,45679,2180],{"class":54},[44,45681,45682],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,45684,45685],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,45686,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,45688,45689,45691,45693,45695,45698,45700,45702,45705],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,45690,142],{"class":141},[44,45692,123],{"class":115},[44,45694,112],{"class":58},[44,45696,45697],{"class":62},"Total:",[44,45699,112],{"class":58},[44,45701,129],{"class":115},[44,45703,45704],{"class":119}," total",[44,45706,135],{"class":115},[20,45708,30166],{},[35,45710,45712],{"className":37,"code":45711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45713,45714,45724,45733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45715,45716,45719,45721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45717,45718],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,45720,790],{"class":115},[44,45722,45723],{"class":77}," 2\n",[44,45725,45726,45729,45731],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45727,45728],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,45730,790],{"class":115},[44,45732,2699],{"class":77},[44,45734,45735,45738,45740],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,45736,45737],{"class":50},"Total",[44,45739,790],{"class":115},[44,45741,34978],{"class":77},[20,45743,45744],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45746,238],{},[35,45748,45750],{"className":37,"code":45749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45751,45752,45770,45788,45792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45753,45754,45756,45758,45760,45762,45764,45766,45768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45755,45625],{"class":50},[44,45757,55],{"class":54},[44,45759,8380],{"class":141},[44,45761,123],{"class":115},[44,45763,112],{"class":58},[44,45765,45640],{"class":62},[44,45767,112],{"class":58},[44,45769,135],{"class":115},[44,45771,45772,45774,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45773,45649],{"class":50},[44,45775,55],{"class":54},[44,45777,8380],{"class":141},[44,45779,123],{"class":115},[44,45781,112],{"class":58},[44,45783,45664],{"class":62},[44,45785,112],{"class":58},[44,45787,135],{"class":115},[44,45789,45790],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,45791,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,45793,45794,45796,45798,45800,45802,45805],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,45795,142],{"class":141},[44,45797,123],{"class":115},[44,45799,45625],{"class":119},[44,45801,2180],{"class":54},[44,45803,45804],{"class":119}," num2",[44,45806,135],{"class":115},[20,45808,30166],{},[35,45810,45812],{"className":37,"code":45811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45813,45814,45822,45830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45815,45816,45818,45820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45817,45718],{"class":50},[44,45819,790],{"class":115},[44,45821,45723],{"class":77},[44,45823,45824,45826,45828],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45825,45728],{"class":50},[44,45827,790],{"class":115},[44,45829,2699],{"class":77},[44,45831,45832],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,45833,45834],{"class":77},"23\n",[20,45836,45837,45838,45841,45842,116],{},"That happens because ",[15,45839,45840],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45843,45844],{},"\"23\"",[45050,45846],{},[30,45848,45850],{"id":45849},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45852,45853,45854,116],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45855,3080],{},[1474,45857,1838,45859,41680],{"id":45858},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45860,3080],{},[20,45862,39336],{},[35,45864,45866],{"className":37,"code":45865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45867,45868,45886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45869,45870,45872,45874,45876,45878,45880,45882,45884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45871,2568],{"class":50},[44,45873,55],{"class":54},[44,45875,8380],{"class":141},[44,45877,123],{"class":115},[44,45879,112],{"class":58},[44,45881,42009],{"class":62},[44,45883,112],{"class":58},[44,45885,135],{"class":115},[44,45887,45888,45890,45892,45894,45896,45898],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45889,142],{"class":141},[44,45891,123],{"class":115},[44,45893,1297],{"class":1296},[44,45895,123],{"class":115},[44,45897,379],{"class":119},[44,45899,567],{"class":115},[20,45901,155],{},[35,45903,45905],{"className":37,"code":45904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45906,45907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45908,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45910,1326],{"class":54},[44,45912,1329],{"class":1075},[44,45914,1332],{"class":58},[44,45916,1335],{"class":62},[44,45918,1338],{"class":58},[44,45920,1341],{"class":54},[20,45922,45923],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1474,45925,45927],{"id":45926},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45929,45930],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,45932,45934],{"className":37,"code":45933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45935,45936,45954,45973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45937,45938,45940,45942,45944,45946,45948,45950,45952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45939,2676],{"class":50},[44,45941,55],{"class":54},[44,45943,8380],{"class":141},[44,45945,123],{"class":115},[44,45947,112],{"class":58},[44,45949,42009],{"class":62},[44,45951,112],{"class":58},[44,45953,135],{"class":115},[44,45955,45956,45958,45960,45962,45964,45966,45969,45971],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,45957,2704],{"class":50},[44,45959,55],{"class":54},[44,45961,8380],{"class":141},[44,45963,123],{"class":115},[44,45965,112],{"class":58},[44,45967,45968],{"class":62},"Enter another number: ",[44,45970,112],{"class":58},[44,45972,135],{"class":115},[44,45974,45975,45977,45979,45981,45983,45985],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,45976,142],{"class":141},[44,45978,123],{"class":115},[44,45980,2676],{"class":119},[44,45982,2180],{"class":54},[44,45984,2681],{"class":119},[44,45986,135],{"class":115},[20,45988,41258,45989,536,45991,45993,45994,19101,45997,116],{},[15,45990,2626],{},[15,45992,2257],{},", the result is ",[15,45995,45996],{},"45",[15,45998,2265],{},[1474,46000,46002,46003,46005,46006],{"id":46001},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,46004,40841],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,46007,2999],{},[20,46009,238],{},[35,46011,46013],{"className":37,"code":46012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,46014,46015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46016,46017,46019,46021,46023,46025,46027,46029,46031,46033,46035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46018,72],{"class":50},[44,46020,55],{"class":54},[44,46022,45410],{"class":1296},[44,46024,123],{"class":115},[44,46026,42600],{"class":141},[44,46028,123],{"class":115},[44,46030,112],{"class":58},[44,46032,45314],{"class":62},[44,46034,112],{"class":58},[44,46036,567],{"class":115},[20,46038,8409,46039,46042,46043,116],{},[15,46040,46041],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,46044,40841],{},[20,46046,46047,46048,116],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[200,46049,46051],{"href":46050},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1474,46053,46055],{"id":46054},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46057,46058],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,46060,46062],{"className":37,"code":46061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46063,46064,46082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46065,46066,46068,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078,46080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46067,51],{"class":50},[44,46069,55],{"class":54},[44,46071,8380],{"class":141},[44,46073,123],{"class":115},[44,46075,112],{"class":58},[44,46077,45021],{"class":62},[44,46079,112],{"class":58},[44,46081,135],{"class":115},[44,46083,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092,46094],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46085,142],{"class":141},[44,46087,123],{"class":115},[44,46089,41917],{"class":141},[44,46091,123],{"class":115},[44,46093,126],{"class":119},[44,46095,567],{"class":115},[20,46097,46098],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46100,46101,46102,790],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46103,46104],{},".strip()",[35,46106,46108],{"className":37,"code":46107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46109,46110,46132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46111,46112,46114,46116,46118,46120,46122,46124,46126,46128,46130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46113,51],{"class":50},[44,46115,55],{"class":54},[44,46117,8380],{"class":141},[44,46119,123],{"class":115},[44,46121,112],{"class":58},[44,46123,45021],{"class":62},[44,46125,112],{"class":58},[44,46127,8770],{"class":115},[44,46129,8773],{"class":119},[44,46131,8782],{"class":115},[44,46133,46134,46136,46138,46140],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46135,142],{"class":141},[44,46137,123],{"class":115},[44,46139,126],{"class":119},[44,46141,135],{"class":115},[45050,46143],{},[30,46145,46147],{"id":46146},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46149,46150,46151,46153],{},"These habits make ",[15,46152,3080],{}," easier and safer to use.",[218,46155,46156,46159,46164,46167],{},[221,46157,46158],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[221,46160,189,46161,46163],{},[15,46162,46104],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[221,46165,46166],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[221,46168,189,46169,46171],{},[15,46170,29918],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46173,1361,46174,790],{},[15,46175,46104],{},[35,46177,46179],{"className":37,"code":46178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46180,46181,46205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46182,46183,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194,46197,46199,46201,46203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46184,46185],{"class":50},"city ",[44,46187,55],{"class":54},[44,46189,8380],{"class":141},[44,46191,123],{"class":115},[44,46193,112],{"class":58},[44,46195,46196],{"class":62},"Enter your city: ",[44,46198,112],{"class":58},[44,46200,8770],{"class":115},[44,46202,8773],{"class":119},[44,46204,8782],{"class":115},[44,46206,46207,46209,46211,46213,46216,46218,46220,46222],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46208,142],{"class":141},[44,46210,123],{"class":115},[44,46212,112],{"class":58},[44,46214,46215],{"class":62},"City:",[44,46217,112],{"class":58},[44,46219,129],{"class":115},[44,46221,840],{"class":119},[44,46223,135],{"class":115},[20,46225,1361,46226,790],{},[15,46227,29918],{},[35,46229,46231],{"className":37,"code":46230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46232,46233,46239,46262,46294,46302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46234,46235,46237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46236,29940],{"class":4003},[44,46238,6530],{"class":115},[44,46240,46241,46244,46246,46248,46250,46252,46254,46256,46258,46260],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46242,46243],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,46245,55],{"class":54},[44,46247,45410],{"class":1296},[44,46249,123],{"class":115},[44,46251,42600],{"class":141},[44,46253,123],{"class":115},[44,46255,112],{"class":58},[44,46257,45314],{"class":62},[44,46259,112],{"class":58},[44,46261,567],{"class":115},[44,46263,46264,46266,46268,46270,46273,46275,46277,46279,46281,46283,46285,46287,46290,46292],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,46265,8206],{"class":141},[44,46267,123],{"class":115},[44,46269,112],{"class":58},[44,46271,46272],{"class":62},"You will be",[44,46274,112],{"class":58},[44,46276,129],{"class":115},[44,46278,45592],{"class":119},[44,46280,2180],{"class":54},[44,46282,5632],{"class":77},[44,46284,129],{"class":115},[44,46286,59],{"class":58},[44,46288,46289],{"class":62},"next year",[44,46291,112],{"class":58},[44,46293,135],{"class":115},[44,46295,46296,46298,46300],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,46297,29971],{"class":4003},[44,46299,42064],{"class":1296},[44,46301,6530],{"class":115},[44,46303,46304,46306,46308,46310,46313,46315],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,46305,8206],{"class":141},[44,46307,123],{"class":115},[44,46309,112],{"class":58},[44,46311,46312],{"class":62},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,46314,112],{"class":58},[44,46316,135],{"class":115},[20,46318,46319],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46321,46322,46323,116],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[200,46324,46326],{"href":46325},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45050,46328],{},[30,46330,1467],{"id":1466},[20,46332,46333,46334,790],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46335,3080],{},[218,46337,46338,46345,46348,46351],{},[221,46339,46340,46341,3000,46343],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46342,2999],{},[15,46344,3006],{},[221,46346,46347],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[221,46349,46350],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[221,46352,46353],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46355,32219],{},[35,46357,46359],{"className":37,"code":46358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46360,46361,46371,46385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46362,46363,46365,46367,46369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46364,142],{"class":141},[44,46366,123],{"class":115},[44,46368,379],{"class":119},[44,46370,135],{"class":115},[44,46372,46373,46375,46377,46379,46381,46383],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46374,142],{"class":141},[44,46376,123],{"class":115},[44,46378,1297],{"class":1296},[44,46380,123],{"class":115},[44,46382,379],{"class":119},[44,46384,567],{"class":115},[44,46386,46387,46389,46391,46393,46395,46397],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,46388,142],{"class":141},[44,46390,123],{"class":115},[44,46392,41917],{"class":141},[44,46394,123],{"class":115},[44,46396,379],{"class":119},[44,46398,567],{"class":115},[20,46400,46401,46402,46404],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46403,3080],{}," actually returned:",[218,46406,46407,46412,46417],{},[221,46408,46409,46411],{},[15,46410,41965],{}," shows the value",[221,46413,46414,46416],{},[15,46415,41971],{}," shows the data type",[221,46418,46419,46421],{},[15,46420,41976],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46423,238],{},[35,46425,46427],{"className":37,"code":46426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46428,46429,46448,46458,46472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46430,46431,46433,46435,46437,46439,46441,46444,46446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46432,2568],{"class":50},[44,46434,55],{"class":54},[44,46436,8380],{"class":141},[44,46438,123],{"class":115},[44,46440,112],{"class":58},[44,46442,46443],{"class":62},"Enter something: ",[44,46445,112],{"class":58},[44,46447,135],{"class":115},[44,46449,46450,46452,46454,46456],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46451,142],{"class":141},[44,46453,123],{"class":115},[44,46455,379],{"class":119},[44,46457,135],{"class":115},[44,46459,46460,46462,46464,46466,46468,46470],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,46461,142],{"class":141},[44,46463,123],{"class":115},[44,46465,1297],{"class":1296},[44,46467,123],{"class":115},[44,46469,379],{"class":119},[44,46471,567],{"class":115},[44,46473,46474,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,46475,142],{"class":141},[44,46477,123],{"class":115},[44,46479,41917],{"class":141},[44,46481,123],{"class":115},[44,46483,379],{"class":119},[44,46485,567],{"class":115},[45050,46487],{},[30,46489,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,46491,12844,46493,46495],{"id":46492},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46494,3080],{}," return an integer?",[20,46497,46498,46499,46501,46502,40067],{},"No. ",[15,46500,3080],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46503,2999],{},[1474,46505,46507,46508,1995],{"id":46506},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46509,3080],{},[20,46511,46512,46513,46515],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46514,3080],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1474,46517,5290,46519,46522,46523,1995],{"id":46518},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46520,46521],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46524,3080],{},[20,46526,29197,46527,46529,46530,42293,46532,46534],{},[15,46528,3080],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46531,45840],{},[15,46533,45844],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1474,46536,46538],{"id":46537},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46540,189,46541,46543,46544,116],{},[15,46542,46104],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46545,46546],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45050,46548],{},[30,46550,2019],{"id":2018},[218,46552,46553,46558,46562,46568,46574,46578],{},[221,46554,46555],{},[200,46556,46557],{"href":46325},"How to get user input in Python",[221,46559,46560],{},[200,46561,9198],{"href":9120},[221,46563,46564],{},[200,46565,1013,46566,1017],{"href":2996},[15,46567,2999],{},[221,46569,46570],{},[200,46571,1013,46572,1017],{"href":3003},[15,46573,3006],{},[221,46575,46576],{},[200,46577,46051],{"href":46050},[221,46579,46580],{},[200,46581,1013,46582,1017],{"href":1211},[15,46583,1214],{},[2048,46585,46586],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":46588},[46589,46590,46592,46593,46595,46601,46609,46610,46611,46620],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":45054,"depth":69,"text":46591},"What input() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":45283,"depth":69,"text":46594},"What input() returns",{"id":45486,"depth":69,"text":45487,"children":46596},[46597,46598,46600],{"id":45490,"depth":81,"text":45491},{"id":45543,"depth":81,"text":46599},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45614,"depth":81,"text":45615},{"id":45849,"depth":69,"text":45850,"children":46602},[46603,46605,46606,46608],{"id":45858,"depth":81,"text":46604},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45926,"depth":81,"text":45927},{"id":46001,"depth":81,"text":46607},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46054,"depth":81,"text":46055},{"id":46146,"depth":69,"text":46147},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":46612},[46613,46615,46617,46619],{"id":46492,"depth":81,"text":46614},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46506,"depth":81,"text":46616},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46518,"depth":81,"text":46618},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46537,"depth":81,"text":46538},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42331,"description":46621},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46628,"title":42234,"body":46629,"description":48941,"extension":2084,"meta":48942,"navigation":84,"path":48943,"seo":48944,"stem":48945,"__hash__":48946},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46630,"toc":48893},[46631,46636,46641,46646,46667,46670,46672,46732,46734,46753,46758,46763,46768,46770,46783,46785,46868,46870,46911,46917,46919,46949,46955,46958,46975,46977,47029,47031,47049,47055,47061,47064,47082,47084,47157,47159,47178,47185,47191,47196,47199,47259,47261,47280,47283,47286,47301,47307,47311,47372,47374,47395,47399,47528,47530,47660,47670,47676,47682,47690,47756,47758,47783,47786,47803,47815,47821,47824,47857,47859,47872,47875,47918,47920,47928,47935,47939,47946,47950,47977,47979,47987,47993,48010,48015,48019,48046,48048,48056,48060,48065,48068,48094,48097,48106,48114,48118,48128,48132,48135,48137,48188,48190,48220,48230,48257,48259,48267,48277,48281,48284,48286,48334,48336,48380,48386,48437,48439,48458,48463,48468,48471,48490,48493,48545,48547,48556,48558,48562,48566,48569,48578,48585,48587,48614,48618,48620,48629,48632,48639,48645,48705,48709,48711,48719,48722,48748,48754,48757,48777,48779,48788,48796,48798,48804,48809,48816,48826,48832,48840,48844,48847,48849,48890],[10,46632,1013,46634,3699],{"id":46633},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46635,2999],{},[20,46637,32453,46638,46640],{},[15,46639,2999],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46642,35541,46643,46645],{},[15,46644,2999],{}," when they want to:",[218,46647,46648,46658,46661,46664],{},[221,46649,46650,46651,46654,46655],{},"turn text like ",[15,46652,46653],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46656,46657],{},"42",[221,46659,46660],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[221,46662,46663],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[221,46665,46666],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46668,46669],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[30,46671,33],{"id":32},[35,46673,46675],{"className":37,"code":46674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46676,46677,46695,46709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46678,46679,46681,46683,46685,46687,46689,46691,46693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46680,142],{"class":141},[44,46682,123],{"class":115},[44,46684,2309],{"class":1296},[44,46686,123],{"class":115},[44,46688,112],{"class":58},[44,46690,46657],{"class":62},[44,46692,112],{"class":58},[44,46694,567],{"class":115},[44,46696,46697,46699,46701,46703,46705,46707],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46698,142],{"class":141},[44,46700,123],{"class":115},[44,46702,2309],{"class":1296},[44,46704,123],{"class":115},[44,46706,42122],{"class":77},[44,46708,567],{"class":115},[44,46710,46711,46713,46715,46717,46719,46721,46724,46726,46728,46730],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,46712,142],{"class":141},[44,46714,123],{"class":115},[44,46716,2309],{"class":1296},[44,46718,123],{"class":115},[44,46720,112],{"class":58},[44,46722,46723],{"class":62},"101",[44,46725,112],{"class":58},[44,46727,129],{"class":115},[44,46729,3116],{"class":77},[44,46731,567],{"class":115},[20,46733,155],{},[35,46735,46737],{"className":37,"code":46736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46738,46739,46744,46749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46740,46741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46742,46743],{"class":77},"42\n",[44,46745,46746],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46747,46748],{"class":77},"3\n",[44,46750,46751],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,46752,3069],{"class":77},[20,46754,189,46755,46757],{},[15,46756,2999],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[30,46759,3802,46761,3805],{"id":46760},"what-int-does",[15,46762,2999],{},[20,46764,46765,46767],{},[15,46766,2999],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46769,13189],{},[218,46771,46772,46777,46780],{},[221,46773,46774,46775,7478],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46776,2309],{},[221,46778,46779],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[221,46781,46782],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46784,238],{},[35,46786,46788],{"className":37,"code":46787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46789,46790,46802,46816,46820,46830,46840,46854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46791,46792,46794,46796,46798,46800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46793,248],{"class":50},[44,46795,55],{"class":54},[44,46797,59],{"class":58},[44,46799,9332],{"class":62},[44,46801,66],{"class":58},[44,46803,46804,46806,46808,46810,46812,46814],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46805,2338],{"class":50},[44,46807,55],{"class":54},[44,46809,45410],{"class":1296},[44,46811,123],{"class":115},[44,46813,308],{"class":119},[44,46815,135],{"class":115},[44,46817,46818],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,46819,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,46821,46822,46824,46826,46828],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,46823,142],{"class":141},[44,46825,123],{"class":115},[44,46827,308],{"class":119},[44,46829,135],{"class":115},[44,46831,46832,46834,46836,46838],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,46833,142],{"class":141},[44,46835,123],{"class":115},[44,46837,2361],{"class":119},[44,46839,135],{"class":115},[44,46841,46842,46844,46846,46848,46850,46852],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,46843,142],{"class":141},[44,46845,123],{"class":115},[44,46847,1297],{"class":1296},[44,46849,123],{"class":115},[44,46851,308],{"class":119},[44,46853,567],{"class":115},[44,46855,46856,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,46857,142],{"class":141},[44,46859,123],{"class":115},[44,46861,1297],{"class":1296},[44,46863,123],{"class":115},[44,46865,2361],{"class":119},[44,46867,567],{"class":115},[20,46869,155],{},[35,46871,46873],{"className":37,"code":46872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46874,46875,46879,46883,46897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46876,46877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46878,2831],{"class":77},[44,46880,46881],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46882,2831],{"class":77},[44,46884,46885,46887,46889,46891,46893,46895],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,46886,1326],{"class":54},[44,46888,1329],{"class":1075},[44,46890,1332],{"class":58},[44,46892,1335],{"class":62},[44,46894,1338],{"class":58},[44,46896,1341],{"class":54},[44,46898,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907,46909],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,46900,1326],{"class":54},[44,46902,1329],{"class":1075},[44,46904,1332],{"class":58},[44,46906,2309],{"class":62},[44,46908,1338],{"class":58},[44,46910,1341],{"class":54},[20,46912,46913,46914,46916],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46915,2999],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[30,46918,351],{"id":350},[35,46920,46922],{"className":37,"code":46921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46923,46924,46934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46925,46926,46928,46930,46932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46927,2309],{"class":1296},[44,46929,123],{"class":115},[44,46931,2294],{"class":119},[44,46933,135],{"class":115},[44,46935,46936,46938,46940,46942,46944,46947],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,46937,2309],{"class":1296},[44,46939,123],{"class":115},[44,46941,2294],{"class":119},[44,46943,129],{"class":115},[44,46945,46946],{"class":119}," base",[44,46948,135],{"class":115},[1474,46950,46952],{"id":46951},"intx",[15,46953,46954],{},"int(x)",[20,46956,46957],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[218,46959,46960,46965,46970],{},[221,46961,46962,46963],{},"a string such as ",[15,46964,42264],{},[221,46966,46967,46968],{},"a float such as ",[15,46969,42122],{},[221,46971,46972,46973],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46974,3724],{},[20,46976,238],{},[35,46978,46980],{"className":37,"code":46979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46981,46982,47000,47015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46983,46984,46986,46988,46990,46992,46994,46996,46998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46985,142],{"class":141},[44,46987,123],{"class":115},[44,46989,2309],{"class":1296},[44,46991,123],{"class":115},[44,46993,112],{"class":58},[44,46995,2451],{"class":62},[44,46997,112],{"class":58},[44,46999,567],{"class":115},[44,47001,47002,47004,47006,47008,47010,47013],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47003,142],{"class":141},[44,47005,123],{"class":115},[44,47007,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47009,123],{"class":115},[44,47011,47012],{"class":77},"8.7",[44,47014,567],{"class":115},[44,47016,47017,47019,47021,47023,47025,47027],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47018,142],{"class":141},[44,47020,123],{"class":115},[44,47022,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47024,123],{"class":115},[44,47026,3724],{"class":3978},[44,47028,567],{"class":115},[20,47030,155],{},[35,47032,47034],{"className":37,"code":47033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,47035,47036,47040,47044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47037,47038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47039,2497],{"class":77},[44,47041,47042],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47043,2502],{"class":77},[44,47045,47046],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47047,47048],{"class":77},"1\n",[1474,47050,47052],{"id":47051},"intx-base",[15,47053,47054],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47056,47057,47058,47060],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47059,2294],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47062,47063],{},"Common bases:",[218,47065,47066,47071,47076],{},[221,47067,47068,47070],{},[15,47069,2177],{}," for binary",[221,47072,47073,47075],{},[15,47074,2466],{}," for octal",[221,47077,47078,47081],{},[15,47079,47080],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47083,238],{},[35,47085,47087],{"className":37,"code":47086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47088,47089,47111,47134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47090,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103,47105,47107,47109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47092,142],{"class":141},[44,47094,123],{"class":115},[44,47096,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47098,123],{"class":115},[44,47100,112],{"class":58},[44,47102,46723],{"class":62},[44,47104,112],{"class":58},[44,47106,129],{"class":115},[44,47108,3116],{"class":77},[44,47110,567],{"class":115},[44,47112,47113,47115,47117,47119,47121,47123,47126,47128,47130,47132],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47114,142],{"class":141},[44,47116,123],{"class":115},[44,47118,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47120,123],{"class":115},[44,47122,112],{"class":58},[44,47124,47125],{"class":62},"17",[44,47127,112],{"class":58},[44,47129,129],{"class":115},[44,47131,6496],{"class":77},[44,47133,567],{"class":115},[44,47135,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146,47149,47151,47153,47155],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47137,142],{"class":141},[44,47139,123],{"class":115},[44,47141,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47143,123],{"class":115},[44,47145,112],{"class":58},[44,47147,47148],{"class":62},"1A",[44,47150,112],{"class":58},[44,47152,129],{"class":115},[44,47154,14125],{"class":77},[44,47156,567],{"class":115},[20,47158,155],{},[35,47160,47162],{"className":37,"code":47161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47163,47164,47168,47173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47165,47166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47167,3069],{"class":77},[44,47169,47170],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47171,47172],{"class":77},"15\n",[44,47174,47175],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47176,47177],{"class":77},"26\n",[20,47179,47180,47181,116],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[200,47182,47183,1215],{"href":3003},[15,47184,3006],{},[30,47186,8556,47188,47190],{"id":47187},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47189,2999],{}," with strings",[20,47192,47193,47195],{},[15,47194,2999],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47197,47198],{},"Examples that work:",[35,47200,47202],{"className":37,"code":47201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47203,47204,47222,47240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47205,47206,47208,47210,47212,47214,47216,47218,47220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47207,142],{"class":141},[44,47209,123],{"class":115},[44,47211,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47213,123],{"class":115},[44,47215,112],{"class":58},[44,47217,2257],{"class":62},[44,47219,112],{"class":58},[44,47221,567],{"class":115},[44,47223,47224,47226,47228,47230,47232,47234,47236,47238],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47225,142],{"class":141},[44,47227,123],{"class":115},[44,47229,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47231,123],{"class":115},[44,47233,112],{"class":58},[44,47235,2413],{"class":62},[44,47237,112],{"class":58},[44,47239,567],{"class":115},[44,47241,47242,47244,47246,47248,47250,47252,47255,47257],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47243,142],{"class":141},[44,47245,123],{"class":115},[44,47247,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47249,123],{"class":115},[44,47251,112],{"class":58},[44,47253,47254],{"class":62},"  42  ",[44,47256,112],{"class":58},[44,47258,567],{"class":115},[20,47260,155],{},[35,47262,47264],{"className":37,"code":47263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47265,47266,47270,47276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47267,47268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47269,3069],{"class":77},[44,47271,47272,47274],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47273,2142],{"class":54},[44,47275,2346],{"class":77},[44,47277,47278],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47279,46743],{"class":77},[20,47281,47282],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47284,47285],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,47287,47289],{"className":37,"code":47288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47290,47291,47296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47292,47293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47294,47295],{"class":3787},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,47297,47298],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47299,47300],{"class":3787},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47302,47303,47304,47306],{},"These raise ",[15,47305,40841],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1474,47308,47310],{"id":47309},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,47312,47314],{"className":37,"code":47313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47315,47316,47334,47353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47317,47318,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330,47332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47319,142],{"class":141},[44,47321,123],{"class":115},[44,47323,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47325,123],{"class":115},[44,47327,112],{"class":58},[44,47329,2240],{"class":62},[44,47331,112],{"class":58},[44,47333,567],{"class":115},[44,47335,47336,47338,47340,47342,47344,47346,47349,47351],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47337,142],{"class":141},[44,47339,123],{"class":115},[44,47341,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47343,123],{"class":115},[44,47345,112],{"class":58},[44,47347,47348],{"class":62},"+7",[44,47350,112],{"class":58},[44,47352,567],{"class":115},[44,47354,47355,47357,47359,47361,47363,47365,47368,47370],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47356,142],{"class":141},[44,47358,123],{"class":115},[44,47360,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47362,123],{"class":115},[44,47364,112],{"class":58},[44,47366,47367],{"class":62},"-100",[44,47369,112],{"class":58},[44,47371,567],{"class":115},[20,47373,155],{},[35,47375,47377],{"className":37,"code":47376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47378,47379,47384,47388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47380,47381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47382,47383],{"class":77},"0\n",[44,47385,47386],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47387,2200],{"class":77},[44,47389,47390,47392],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47391,2142],{"class":54},[44,47393,47394],{"class":77},"100\n",[1474,47396,47398],{"id":47397},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,47400,47402],{"className":37,"code":47401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47403,47404,47442,47446,47458,47465,47480,47495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47405,47406,47408,47410,47412,47414,47416,47418,47420,47422,47425,47427,47429,47431,47433,47435,47438,47440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47407,3948],{"class":50},[44,47409,55],{"class":54},[44,47411,3744],{"class":115},[44,47413,112],{"class":58},[44,47415,40281],{"class":62},[44,47417,112],{"class":58},[44,47419,129],{"class":115},[44,47421,59],{"class":58},[44,47423,47424],{"class":62},"12abc",[44,47426,112],{"class":58},[44,47428,129],{"class":115},[44,47430,6262],{"class":58},[44,47432,129],{"class":115},[44,47434,59],{"class":58},[44,47436,47437],{"class":62},"seven",[44,47439,112],{"class":58},[44,47441,3757],{"class":115},[44,47443,47444],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47445,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,47447,47448,47450,47452,47454,47456],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47449,6093],{"class":4003},[44,47451,21722],{"class":50},[44,47453,887],{"class":4003},[44,47455,4012],{"class":50},[44,47457,6530],{"class":115},[44,47459,47460,47463],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,47461,47462],{"class":4003},"    try",[44,47464,6530],{"class":115},[44,47466,47467,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,47468,47469],{"class":141},"        print",[44,47471,123],{"class":115},[44,47473,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47475,123],{"class":115},[44,47477,379],{"class":119},[44,47479,567],{"class":115},[44,47481,47482,47485,47487,47490,47493],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,47483,47484],{"class":4003},"    except",[44,47486,42064],{"class":1296},[44,47488,47489],{"class":4003}," as",[44,47491,47492],{"class":50}," error",[44,47494,6530],{"class":115},[44,47496,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505,47507,47509,47512,47514,47517,47519,47522,47524,47526],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,47498,47469],{"class":141},[44,47500,123],{"class":115},[44,47502,1436],{"class":1075},[44,47504,112],{"class":62},[44,47506,1072],{"class":77},[44,47508,379],{"class":119},[44,47510,47511],{"class":1075},"!r",[44,47513,1078],{"class":77},[44,47515,47516],{"class":62}," -> ",[44,47518,1072],{"class":77},[44,47520,47521],{"class":119},"error",[44,47523,1078],{"class":77},[44,47525,112],{"class":62},[44,47527,135],{"class":115},[20,47529,155],{},[35,47531,47533],{"className":37,"code":47532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47534,47535,47571,47603,47628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47536,47537,47539,47541,47543,47546,47549,47551,47553,47555,47558,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47538,1338],{"class":364},[44,47540,40281],{"class":367},[44,47542,1338],{"class":364},[44,47544,47545],{"class":1120}," ->",[44,47547,47548],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,47550,6093],{"class":4003},[44,47552,45410],{"class":1296},[44,47554,7504],{"class":115},[44,47556,47557],{"class":4003}," with",[44,47559,47560],{"class":50}," base ",[44,47562,2451],{"class":77},[44,47564,790],{"class":115},[44,47566,1332],{"class":58},[44,47568,40281],{"class":62},[44,47570,29836],{"class":58},[44,47572,47573,47575,47577,47579,47581,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599,47601],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47574,1338],{"class":58},[44,47576,47424],{"class":62},[44,47578,1338],{"class":58},[44,47580,47545],{"class":1120},[44,47582,47548],{"class":50},[44,47584,6093],{"class":4003},[44,47586,45410],{"class":1296},[44,47588,7504],{"class":115},[44,47590,47557],{"class":4003},[44,47592,47560],{"class":50},[44,47594,2451],{"class":77},[44,47596,790],{"class":115},[44,47598,1332],{"class":58},[44,47600,47424],{"class":62},[44,47602,29836],{"class":58},[44,47604,47605,47607,47609,47611,47613,47615,47617,47619,47621,47623,47625],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47606,3899],{"class":58},[44,47608,47545],{"class":1120},[44,47610,47548],{"class":50},[44,47612,6093],{"class":4003},[44,47614,45410],{"class":1296},[44,47616,7504],{"class":115},[44,47618,47557],{"class":4003},[44,47620,47560],{"class":50},[44,47622,2451],{"class":77},[44,47624,790],{"class":115},[44,47626,47627],{"class":58}," ''\n",[44,47629,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640,47642,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652,47654,47656,47658],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,47631,1338],{"class":58},[44,47633,47437],{"class":62},[44,47635,1338],{"class":58},[44,47637,47545],{"class":1120},[44,47639,47548],{"class":50},[44,47641,6093],{"class":4003},[44,47643,45410],{"class":1296},[44,47645,7504],{"class":115},[44,47647,47557],{"class":4003},[44,47649,47560],{"class":50},[44,47651,2451],{"class":77},[44,47653,790],{"class":115},[44,47655,1332],{"class":58},[44,47657,47437],{"class":62},[44,47659,29836],{"class":58},[20,47661,47662,47663,47665,47666,116],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[200,47664,9121],{"href":9120}," and the ",[200,47667,47668,1215],{"href":8357},[15,47669,3080],{},[30,47671,8556,47673,47675],{"id":47672},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47674,2999],{}," with floats",[20,47677,47678,47679,47681],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47680,2999],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47683,47684,47685,14191,47687,47689],{},"Important: ",[15,47686,2999],{},[153,47688,4761],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,47691,47693],{"className":37,"code":47692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47694,47695,47709,47724,47740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47696,47697,47699,47701,47703,47705,47707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47698,142],{"class":141},[44,47700,123],{"class":115},[44,47702,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47704,123],{"class":115},[44,47706,42122],{"class":77},[44,47708,567],{"class":115},[44,47710,47711,47713,47715,47717,47719,47722],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47712,142],{"class":141},[44,47714,123],{"class":115},[44,47716,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47718,123],{"class":115},[44,47720,47721],{"class":77},"3.1",[44,47723,567],{"class":115},[44,47725,47726,47728,47730,47732,47734,47736,47738],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47727,142],{"class":141},[44,47729,123],{"class":115},[44,47731,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47733,123],{"class":115},[44,47735,2142],{"class":54},[44,47737,42122],{"class":77},[44,47739,567],{"class":115},[44,47741,47742,47744,47746,47748,47750,47752,47754],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,47743,142],{"class":141},[44,47745,123],{"class":115},[44,47747,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47749,123],{"class":115},[44,47751,2142],{"class":54},[44,47753,47721],{"class":77},[44,47755,567],{"class":115},[20,47757,155],{},[35,47759,47761],{"className":37,"code":47760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47762,47763,47767,47771,47777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47764,47765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47766,46748],{"class":77},[44,47768,47769],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47770,46748],{"class":77},[44,47772,47773,47775],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47774,2142],{"class":54},[44,47776,46748],{"class":77},[44,47778,47779,47781],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,47780,2142],{"class":54},[44,47782,46748],{"class":77},[20,47784,47785],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[218,47787,47788,47795],{},[221,47789,47790,42293,47793],{},[15,47791,47792],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47794,2183],{},[221,47796,47797,42293,47800],{},[15,47798,47799],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47801,47802],{},"-3",[20,47804,47805,47806,47810,47811,116],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[200,47807,47808],{"href":3003},[15,47809,3006],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[200,47812,47813],{"href":1012},[15,47814,1016],{},[30,47816,8556,47818,47820],{"id":47817},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47819,2999],{}," with booleans",[20,47822,47823],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,47825,47827],{"className":37,"code":47826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47828,47829,47843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47830,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839,47841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47832,142],{"class":141},[44,47834,123],{"class":115},[44,47836,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47838,123],{"class":115},[44,47840,3724],{"class":3978},[44,47842,567],{"class":115},[44,47844,47845,47847,47849,47851,47853,47855],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47846,142],{"class":141},[44,47848,123],{"class":115},[44,47850,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47852,123],{"class":115},[44,47854,3798],{"class":3978},[44,47856,567],{"class":115},[20,47858,155],{},[35,47860,47862],{"className":37,"code":47861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,47863,47864,47868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47865,47866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47867,47048],{"class":77},[44,47869,47870],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47871,47383],{"class":77},[20,47873,47874],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,47876,47878],{"className":37,"code":47877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47879,47880,47889,47904,47908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47881,47882,47885,47887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47883,47884],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,47886,55],{"class":54},[44,47888,6560],{"class":3978},[44,47890,47891,47893,47895,47897,47899,47902],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,47892,41320],{"class":50},[44,47894,55],{"class":54},[44,47896,45410],{"class":1296},[44,47898,123],{"class":115},[44,47900,47901],{"class":119},"passed",[44,47903,135],{"class":115},[44,47905,47906],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,47907,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,47909,47910,47912,47914,47916],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,47911,142],{"class":141},[44,47913,123],{"class":115},[44,47915,41349],{"class":119},[44,47917,135],{"class":115},[20,47919,155],{},[35,47921,47922],{"className":37,"code":47048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47923,47924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47925,47926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47927,47048],{"class":77},[20,47929,47930,47931,116],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[200,47932,47933,1215],{"href":5915},[15,47934,3938],{},[30,47936,47938],{"id":47937},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47940,47941,47942,47945],{},"Use the ",[15,47943,47944],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1474,47947,47949],{"id":47948},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,47951,47953],{"className":37,"code":47952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47954,47955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47956,47957,47959,47961,47963,47965,47967,47969,47971,47973,47975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47958,142],{"class":141},[44,47960,123],{"class":115},[44,47962,2309],{"class":1296},[44,47964,123],{"class":115},[44,47966,112],{"class":58},[44,47968,46723],{"class":62},[44,47970,112],{"class":58},[44,47972,129],{"class":115},[44,47974,3116],{"class":77},[44,47976,567],{"class":115},[20,47978,155],{},[35,47980,47981],{"className":37,"code":3069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47982,47983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47984,47985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47986,3069],{"class":77},[20,47988,47989,47992],{},[15,47990,47991],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[218,47994,47995,48000,48005],{},[221,47996,47997],{},[15,47998,47999],{},"1 × 4",[221,48001,48002],{},[15,48003,48004],{},"0 × 2",[221,48006,48007],{},[15,48008,48009],{},"1 × 1",[20,48011,48012,48013,116],{},"So the result is ",[15,48014,2257],{},[1474,48016,48018],{"id":48017},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,48020,48022],{"className":37,"code":48021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,48023,48024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48025,48026,48028,48030,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040,48042,48044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48027,142],{"class":141},[44,48029,123],{"class":115},[44,48031,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48033,123],{"class":115},[44,48035,112],{"class":58},[44,48037,47148],{"class":62},[44,48039,112],{"class":58},[44,48041,129],{"class":115},[44,48043,14125],{"class":77},[44,48045,567],{"class":115},[20,48047,155],{},[35,48049,48050],{"className":37,"code":47177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48051,48052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48053,48054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48055,47177],{"class":77},[1474,48057,48059],{"id":48058},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48061,213,48062,48064],{},[15,48063,47944],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48066,48067],{},"Good:",[35,48069,48070],{"className":37,"code":47952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48071,48072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48073,48074,48076,48078,48080,48082,48084,48086,48088,48090,48092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48075,142],{"class":141},[44,48077,123],{"class":115},[44,48079,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48081,123],{"class":115},[44,48083,112],{"class":58},[44,48085,46723],{"class":62},[44,48087,112],{"class":58},[44,48089,129],{"class":115},[44,48091,3116],{"class":77},[44,48093,567],{"class":115},[20,48095,48096],{},"Not correct:",[35,48098,48100],{"className":37,"code":48099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48101,48102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48103,48104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48105,48099],{"class":3787},[20,48107,48108,48109,8740,48111,48113],{},"That causes a ",[15,48110,3129],{},[15,48112,47944],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[30,48115,48117],{"id":48116},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48119,48120,48121,48123,48124,536,48126,116],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48122,2999],{}," are ",[15,48125,40841],{},[15,48127,3129],{},[1474,48129,48130],{"id":41651},[15,48131,40841],{},[20,48133,48134],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48136,238],{},[35,48138,48140],{"className":37,"code":48139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48141,48142,48148,48166,48178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48143,48144,48146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48145,29940],{"class":4003},[44,48147,6530],{"class":115},[44,48149,48150,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162,48164],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48151,8206],{"class":141},[44,48153,123],{"class":115},[44,48155,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48157,123],{"class":115},[44,48159,112],{"class":58},[44,48161,40281],{"class":62},[44,48163,112],{"class":58},[44,48165,567],{"class":115},[44,48167,48168,48170,48172,48174,48176],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,48169,29971],{"class":4003},[44,48171,42064],{"class":1296},[44,48173,47489],{"class":4003},[44,48175,47492],{"class":50},[44,48177,6530],{"class":115},[44,48179,48180,48182,48184,48186],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,48181,8206],{"class":141},[44,48183,123],{"class":115},[44,48185,47521],{"class":119},[44,48187,135],{"class":115},[20,48189,155],{},[35,48191,48193],{"className":37,"code":48192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48194,48195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48196,48197,48200,48202,48204,48206,48208,48210,48212,48214,48216,48218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48198,48199],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,48201,6093],{"class":4003},[44,48203,45410],{"class":1296},[44,48205,7504],{"class":115},[44,48207,47557],{"class":4003},[44,48209,47560],{"class":50},[44,48211,2451],{"class":77},[44,48213,790],{"class":115},[44,48215,1332],{"class":58},[44,48217,40281],{"class":62},[44,48219,29836],{"class":58},[20,48221,48222,48223,48226,48227,48229],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48224,48225],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48228,2999],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,48231,48233],{"className":37,"code":48232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48234,48235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48236,48237,48239,48241,48243,48245,48247,48249,48251,48253,48255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48238,142],{"class":141},[44,48240,123],{"class":115},[44,48242,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48244,123],{"class":115},[44,48246,2313],{"class":1296},[44,48248,123],{"class":115},[44,48250,112],{"class":58},[44,48252,40281],{"class":62},[44,48254,112],{"class":58},[44,48256,3034],{"class":115},[20,48258,155],{},[35,48260,48261],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48262,48263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48264,48265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48266,46748],{"class":77},[20,48268,48269,48270,536,48273,116],{},"If you see this often, read ",[200,48271,48272],{"href":3084},"how to convert string to int in Python",[200,48274,25814,48275],{"href":46050},[15,48276,46051],{},[1474,48278,48279],{"id":41717},[15,48280,3129],{},[20,48282,48283],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48285,238],{},[35,48287,48289],{"className":37,"code":48288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48290,48291,48297,48311,48324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48292,48293,48295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48294,29940],{"class":4003},[44,48296,6530],{"class":115},[44,48298,48299,48301,48303,48305,48307,48309],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48300,8206],{"class":141},[44,48302,123],{"class":115},[44,48304,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48306,123],{"class":115},[44,48308,3904],{"class":3978},[44,48310,567],{"class":115},[44,48312,48313,48315,48318,48320,48322],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,48314,29971],{"class":4003},[44,48316,48317],{"class":1296}," TypeError",[44,48319,47489],{"class":4003},[44,48321,47492],{"class":50},[44,48323,6530],{"class":115},[44,48325,48326,48328,48330,48332],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,48327,8206],{"class":141},[44,48329,123],{"class":115},[44,48331,47521],{"class":119},[44,48333,135],{"class":115},[20,48335,155],{},[35,48337,48339],{"className":37,"code":48338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48340,48341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48342,48343,48345,48347,48350,48352,48354,48357,48359,48362,48364,48367,48369,48371,48373,48375,48378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48344,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48346,7504],{"class":115},[44,48348,48349],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,48351,129],{"class":115},[44,48353,44679],{"class":50},[44,48355,48356],{"class":1296},"bytes",[44,48358,2142],{"class":54},[44,48360,48361],{"class":50},"like ",[44,48363,42536],{"class":1296},[44,48365,48366],{"class":54}," or",[44,48368,40977],{"class":50},[44,48370,129],{"class":115},[44,48372,8237],{"class":54},[44,48374,1332],{"class":58},[44,48376,48377],{"class":62},"NoneType",[44,48379,29836],{"class":58},[20,48381,48382,48383,48385],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48384,47944],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,48387,48389],{"className":37,"code":48388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48390,48391,48397,48415,48427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48392,48393,48395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48394,29940],{"class":4003},[44,48396,6530],{"class":115},[44,48398,48399,48401,48403,48405,48407,48409,48411,48413],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48400,8206],{"class":141},[44,48402,123],{"class":115},[44,48404,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48406,123],{"class":115},[44,48408,46723],{"class":77},[44,48410,129],{"class":115},[44,48412,3116],{"class":77},[44,48414,567],{"class":115},[44,48416,48417,48419,48421,48423,48425],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,48418,29971],{"class":4003},[44,48420,48317],{"class":1296},[44,48422,47489],{"class":4003},[44,48424,47492],{"class":50},[44,48426,6530],{"class":115},[44,48428,48429,48431,48433,48435],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,48430,8206],{"class":141},[44,48432,123],{"class":115},[44,48434,47521],{"class":119},[44,48436,135],{"class":115},[20,48438,155],{},[35,48440,48442],{"className":37,"code":48441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48443,48444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48445,48446,48448,48450,48453,48455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48447,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48449,7504],{"class":115},[44,48451,48452],{"class":50}," can",[44,48454,1338],{"class":58},[44,48456,48457],{"class":62},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,48459,5092,48461],{"id":48460},"when-to-use-int",[15,48462,2999],{},[20,48464,189,48465,48467],{},[15,48466,2999],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48469,48470],{},"Common uses:",[218,48472,48473,48479,48482,48485],{},[221,48474,48475,48476,48478],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48477,3080],{}," into integers",[221,48480,48481],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[221,48483,48484],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[221,48486,48487,48488,36753],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48489,47944],{},[20,48491,48492],{},"Example with user input:",[35,48494,48496],{"className":37,"code":48495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48497,48498,48512,48527,48531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48499,48500,48503,48505,48507,48510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48501,48502],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,48504,55],{"class":54},[44,48506,59],{"class":58},[44,48508,48509],{"class":62},"18",[44,48511,66],{"class":58},[44,48513,48514,48516,48518,48520,48522,48525],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48515,72],{"class":50},[44,48517,55],{"class":54},[44,48519,45410],{"class":1296},[44,48521,123],{"class":115},[44,48523,48524],{"class":119},"age_text",[44,48526,135],{"class":115},[44,48528,48529],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,48530,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,48532,48533,48535,48537,48539,48541,48543],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,48534,142],{"class":141},[44,48536,123],{"class":115},[44,48538,72],{"class":119},[44,48540,2180],{"class":54},[44,48542,5632],{"class":77},[44,48544,135],{"class":115},[20,48546,155],{},[35,48548,48550],{"className":37,"code":48549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,48551,48552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48553,48554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48555,48549],{"class":77},[30,48557,1467],{"id":1466},[20,48559,14871,48560,116],{},[15,48561,2999],{},[1474,48563,48565],{"id":48564},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48567,48568],{},"This fails:",[35,48570,48572],{"className":37,"code":48571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48573,48574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48575,48576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48577,48571],{"class":3787},[20,48579,48580,48581,48584],{},"Why: ",[15,48582,48583],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48586,18978],{},[35,48588,48590],{"className":37,"code":48589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48591,48592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48593,48594,48596,48598,48600,48602,48604,48606,48608,48610,48612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48595,142],{"class":141},[44,48597,123],{"class":115},[44,48599,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48601,123],{"class":115},[44,48603,2313],{"class":1296},[44,48605,123],{"class":115},[44,48607,112],{"class":58},[44,48609,41261],{"class":62},[44,48611,112],{"class":58},[44,48613,3034],{"class":115},[1474,48615,48617],{"id":48616},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48619,48568],{},[35,48621,48623],{"className":37,"code":48622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48624,48625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48626,48627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48628,48622],{"class":3787},[20,48630,48631],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1474,48633,48635,48636],{"id":48634},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48637,48638],{},"int(None)",[20,48640,48641,48642,48644],{},"This fails because ",[15,48643,3904],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,48646,48648],{"className":37,"code":48647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48649,48650,48659,48663,48669,48683,48695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48651,48652,48654,48656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48653,2568],{"class":50},[44,48655,55],{"class":54},[44,48657,48658],{"class":3978}," None\n",[44,48660,48661],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48662,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,48664,48665,48667],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,48666,29940],{"class":4003},[44,48668,6530],{"class":115},[44,48670,48671,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,48672,8206],{"class":141},[44,48674,123],{"class":115},[44,48676,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48678,123],{"class":115},[44,48680,379],{"class":119},[44,48682,567],{"class":115},[44,48684,48685,48687,48689,48691,48693],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,48686,29971],{"class":4003},[44,48688,48317],{"class":1296},[44,48690,47489],{"class":4003},[44,48692,47492],{"class":50},[44,48694,6530],{"class":115},[44,48696,48697,48699,48701,48703],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,48698,8206],{"class":141},[44,48700,123],{"class":115},[44,48702,47521],{"class":119},[44,48704,135],{"class":115},[1474,48706,48708],{"id":48707},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48710,48568],{},[35,48712,48713],{"className":37,"code":48099,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48714,48715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48716,48717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48718,48099],{"class":3787},[20,48720,48721],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,48723,48724],{"className":37,"code":47952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48725,48726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48727,48728,48730,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48729,142],{"class":141},[44,48731,123],{"class":115},[44,48733,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48735,123],{"class":115},[44,48737,112],{"class":58},[44,48739,46723],{"class":62},[44,48741,112],{"class":58},[44,48743,129],{"class":115},[44,48745,3116],{"class":77},[44,48747,567],{"class":115},[1474,48749,1707,48751,48753],{"id":48750},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48752,2999],{}," to round",[20,48755,48756],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,48758,48760],{"className":37,"code":48759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48761,48762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48763,48764,48766,48768,48770,48772,48775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48765,142],{"class":141},[44,48767,123],{"class":115},[44,48769,2309],{"class":1296},[44,48771,123],{"class":115},[44,48773,48774],{"class":77},"4.9",[44,48776,567],{"class":115},[20,48778,155],{},[35,48780,48782],{"className":37,"code":48781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,48783,48784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48785,48786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48787,48781],{"class":77},[20,48789,3294,48790,48792,48793,48795],{},[15,48791,2257],{},", remember that ",[15,48794,2999],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[30,48797,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,48799,12844,48801,48803],{"id":48800},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48802,2999],{}," round numbers?",[20,48805,46498,48806,48808],{},[15,48807,2999],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1474,48810,5290,48812,48815],{"id":48811},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48813,48814],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48817,29197,48818,48820,48821,48823,48824,40067],{},[15,48819,48225],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48822,3006],{}," first, then use ",[15,48825,2999],{},[1474,48827,5274,48829,1975],{"id":48828},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48830,48831],{},"int(True)",[20,48833,5280,48834,28449,48836,42293,48838,116],{},[15,48835,3111],{},[15,48837,3798],{},[15,48839,2240],{},[1474,48841,48843],{"id":48842},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48845,48846],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[30,48848,2019],{"id":2018},[218,48850,48851,48857,48863,48869,48874,48878,48884],{},[221,48852,48853],{},[200,48854,48855,1017],{"href":3003},[15,48856,3006],{},[221,48858,48859],{},[200,48860,48861,1017],{"href":1012},[15,48862,1016],{},[221,48864,48865],{},[200,48866,48867,1017],{"href":5915},[15,48868,3938],{},[221,48870,48871],{},[200,48872,48873],{"href":3084},"How to convert string to int in Python",[221,48875,48876],{},[200,48877,9198],{"href":9120},[221,48879,48880],{},[200,48881,48882,1017],{"href":8357},[15,48883,3080],{},[221,48885,48886],{},[200,48887,30484,48888],{"href":46050},[15,48889,46051],{},[2048,48891,48892],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":48894},[48895,48896,48898,48902,48907,48909,48911,48916,48920,48922,48931,48940],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":46760,"depth":69,"text":48897},"What int() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":48899},[48900,48901],{"id":46951,"depth":81,"text":46954},{"id":47051,"depth":81,"text":47054},{"id":47187,"depth":69,"text":48903,"children":48904},"Using int() with strings",[48905,48906],{"id":47309,"depth":81,"text":47310},{"id":47397,"depth":81,"text":47398},{"id":47672,"depth":69,"text":48908},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47817,"depth":69,"text":48910},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47937,"depth":69,"text":47938,"children":48912},[48913,48914,48915],{"id":47948,"depth":81,"text":47949},{"id":48017,"depth":81,"text":48018},{"id":48058,"depth":81,"text":48059},{"id":48116,"depth":69,"text":48117,"children":48917},[48918,48919],{"id":41651,"depth":81,"text":40841},{"id":41717,"depth":81,"text":3129},{"id":48460,"depth":69,"text":48921},"When to use int()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":48923},[48924,48925,48926,48928,48929],{"id":48564,"depth":81,"text":48565},{"id":48616,"depth":81,"text":48617},{"id":48634,"depth":81,"text":48927},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48707,"depth":81,"text":48708},{"id":48750,"depth":81,"text":48930},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":48932},[48933,48935,48937,48939],{"id":48800,"depth":81,"text":48934},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48811,"depth":81,"text":48936},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48828,"depth":81,"text":48938},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48842,"depth":81,"text":48843},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42234,"description":48941},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48948,"title":48949,"body":48950,"description":50785,"extension":2084,"meta":50786,"navigation":84,"path":44937,"seo":50787,"stem":50788,"__hash__":50789},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48951,"toc":50741},[48952,48957,48962,48970,48979,48981,49040,49046,49051,49056,49059,49087,49090,49093,49104,49114,49116,49118,49138,49142,49170,49172,49211,49213,49221,49223,49226,49230,49283,49285,49297,49301,49358,49360,49372,49378,49384,49388,49391,49394,49459,49461,49473,49479,49481,49533,49536,49577,49580,49587,49596,49602,49605,49638,49644,49647,49678,49684,49687,49699,49703,49708,49712,49870,49872,49887,49890,49894,49998,50000,50017,50021,50082,50084,50092,50095,50099,50166,50168,50177,50183,50185,50194,50196,50231,50236,50238,50268,50272,50274,50311,50314,50316,50353,50359,50361,50411,50413,50421,50431,50437,50441,50446,50495,50497,50510,50513,50515,50518,50593,50596,50615,50618,50648,50658,50660,50665,50672,50678,50684,50691,50699,50705,50708,50710,50738],[10,48953,1013,48955,3699],{"id":48954},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48956,44940],{},[20,48958,48959,48961],{},[15,48960,44940],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48963,48964,48965,3000,48967,48969],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48966,3724],{},[15,48968,3798],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48971,48972,48973,48975,48976,48978],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48974,44940],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48977,2423],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[30,48980,3729],{"id":3728},[35,48982,48984],{"className":37,"code":48983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48985,48986,48994,48998,49019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48987,48988,48990,48992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48989,2568],{"class":50},[44,48991,55],{"class":54},[44,48993,2709],{"class":77},[44,48995,48996],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,48997,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,48999,49000,49002,49004,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015,49017],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,49001,142],{"class":141},[44,49003,123],{"class":115},[44,49005,49006],{"class":141},"isinstance",[44,49008,123],{"class":115},[44,49010,379],{"class":119},[44,49012,129],{"class":115},[44,49014,45410],{"class":1296},[44,49016,5495],{"class":115},[44,49018,43989],{"class":3787},[44,49020,49021,49023,49025,49027,49029,49031,49033,49036,49038],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,49022,142],{"class":141},[44,49024,123],{"class":115},[44,49026,49006],{"class":141},[44,49028,123],{"class":115},[44,49030,379],{"class":119},[44,49032,129],{"class":115},[44,49034,49035],{"class":1296}," str",[44,49037,5495],{"class":115},[44,49039,44006],{"class":3787},[20,49041,189,49042,49045],{},[15,49043,49044],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[30,49047,3802,49049,3805],{"id":49048},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49050,44940],{},[20,49052,49053,49055],{},[15,49054,44940],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49057,49058],{},"It:",[218,49060,49061,49064,49070,49073],{},[221,49062,49063],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[221,49065,11563,49066,3000,49068],{},[15,49067,3724],{},[15,49069,3798],{},[221,49071,49072],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[221,49074,49075,49076,2310,49078,2310,49080,2310,49082,17210,49085],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49077,1335],{},[15,49079,2309],{},[15,49081,8231],{},[15,49083,49084],{},"tuple",[15,49086,8961],{},[20,49088,49089],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49091,49092],{},"For example, you might want to:",[218,49094,49095,49098,49101],{},[221,49096,49097],{},"loop through a list",[221,49099,49100],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[221,49102,49103],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49105,49106,49107,3000,49110,116],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[200,49108,44932],{"href":49109},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[200,49111,49113],{"href":49112},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[30,49115,351],{"id":350},[20,49117,2280],{},[35,49119,49121],{"className":37,"code":49120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49122,49123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49124,49125,49127,49129,49131,49133,49136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49126,49006],{"class":141},[44,49128,123],{"class":115},[44,49130,42536],{"class":1296},[44,49132,129],{"class":115},[44,49134,49135],{"class":119}," classinfo",[44,49137,135],{"class":115},[1474,49139,49141],{"id":49140},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[218,49143,49144,49149,49163],{},[221,49145,49146,49148],{},[15,49147,42536],{}," is the value you want to test",[221,49150,49151,49154,49155,2310,49157,2310,49159,2314,49161],{},[15,49152,49153],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49156,2309],{},[15,49158,1335],{},[15,49160,8231],{},[15,49162,8961],{},[221,49164,49165,49166,3000,49168],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49167,3724],{},[15,49169,3798],{},[20,49171,238],{},[35,49173,49175],{"className":37,"code":49174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49176,49177,49189,49193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49178,49179,49181,49183,49185,49187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49180,51],{"class":50},[44,49182,55],{"class":54},[44,49184,59],{"class":58},[44,49186,63],{"class":62},[44,49188,66],{"class":58},[44,49190,49191],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49192,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,49194,49195,49197,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,49196,142],{"class":141},[44,49198,123],{"class":115},[44,49200,49006],{"class":141},[44,49202,123],{"class":115},[44,49204,126],{"class":119},[44,49206,129],{"class":115},[44,49208,49035],{"class":1296},[44,49210,567],{"class":115},[20,49212,155],{},[35,49214,49215],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49216,49217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49218,49219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49220,4107],{"class":3978},[30,49222,11615],{"id":11614},[20,49224,49225],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1474,49227,49229],{"id":49228},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,49231,49233],{"className":37,"code":49232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49234,49235,49243,49247,49265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49236,49237,49239,49241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49238,2568],{"class":50},[44,49240,55],{"class":54},[44,49242,45359],{"class":77},[44,49244,49245],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49246,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,49248,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261,49263],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,49250,142],{"class":141},[44,49252,123],{"class":115},[44,49254,49006],{"class":141},[44,49256,123],{"class":115},[44,49258,379],{"class":119},[44,49260,129],{"class":115},[44,49262,45410],{"class":1296},[44,49264,567],{"class":115},[44,49266,49267,49269,49271,49273,49275,49277,49279,49281],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,49268,142],{"class":141},[44,49270,123],{"class":115},[44,49272,49006],{"class":141},[44,49274,123],{"class":115},[44,49276,379],{"class":119},[44,49278,129],{"class":115},[44,49280,49035],{"class":1296},[44,49282,567],{"class":115},[20,49284,155],{},[35,49286,49287],{"className":37,"code":44308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49288,49289,49293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49290,49291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49292,4107],{"class":3978},[44,49294,49295],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49296,4168],{"class":3978},[1474,49298,49300],{"id":49299},"check-text","Check text",[35,49302,49304],{"className":37,"code":49303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49305,49306,49318,49322,49340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49307,49308,49310,49312,49314,49316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49309,248],{"class":50},[44,49311,55],{"class":54},[44,49313,59],{"class":58},[44,49315,3971],{"class":62},[44,49317,66],{"class":58},[44,49319,49320],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49321,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,49323,49324,49326,49328,49330,49332,49334,49336,49338],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,49325,142],{"class":141},[44,49327,123],{"class":115},[44,49329,49006],{"class":141},[44,49331,123],{"class":115},[44,49333,308],{"class":119},[44,49335,129],{"class":115},[44,49337,49035],{"class":1296},[44,49339,567],{"class":115},[44,49341,49342,49344,49346,49348,49350,49352,49354,49356],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,49343,142],{"class":141},[44,49345,123],{"class":115},[44,49347,49006],{"class":141},[44,49349,123],{"class":115},[44,49351,308],{"class":119},[44,49353,129],{"class":115},[44,49355,45410],{"class":1296},[44,49357,567],{"class":115},[20,49359,155],{},[35,49361,49362],{"className":37,"code":44308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49363,49364,49368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49365,49366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49367,4107],{"class":3978},[44,49369,49370],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49371,4168],{"class":3978},[20,49373,49374,49375,49377],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49376,44940],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49379,49380,49381,116],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[200,49382,49383],{"href":3084},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,49385,49387],{"id":49386},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49389,49390],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49392,49393],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,49395,49397],{"className":37,"code":49396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49398,49399,49407,49411,49435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49400,49401,49403,49405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49402,2568],{"class":50},[44,49404,55],{"class":54},[44,49406,1058],{"class":77},[44,49408,49409],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49410,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,49412,49413,49415,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425,49427,49429,49431,49433],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,49414,142],{"class":141},[44,49416,123],{"class":115},[44,49418,49006],{"class":141},[44,49420,123],{"class":115},[44,49422,379],{"class":119},[44,49424,129],{"class":115},[44,49426,9375],{"class":115},[44,49428,2309],{"class":1296},[44,49430,129],{"class":115},[44,49432,40393],{"class":1296},[44,49434,3034],{"class":115},[44,49436,49437,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,49438,142],{"class":141},[44,49440,123],{"class":115},[44,49442,49006],{"class":141},[44,49444,123],{"class":115},[44,49446,379],{"class":119},[44,49448,129],{"class":115},[44,49450,9375],{"class":115},[44,49452,1335],{"class":1296},[44,49454,129],{"class":115},[44,49456,22695],{"class":1296},[44,49458,3034],{"class":115},[20,49460,155],{},[35,49462,49463],{"className":37,"code":44308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49464,49465,49469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49466,49467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49468,4107],{"class":3978},[44,49470,49471],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49472,4168],{"class":3978},[20,49474,49475,49476,49478],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49477,40974],{}," conditions.",[20,49480,8436],{},[35,49482,49484],{"className":37,"code":49483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49485,49486,49494,49498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49487,49488,49490,49492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49489,2568],{"class":50},[44,49491,55],{"class":54},[44,49493,1058],{"class":77},[44,49495,49496],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49497,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,49499,49500,49502,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518,49521,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,49501,142],{"class":141},[44,49503,123],{"class":115},[44,49505,1297],{"class":1296},[44,49507,123],{"class":115},[44,49509,379],{"class":119},[44,49511,3784],{"class":115},[44,49513,6545],{"class":54},[44,49515,45410],{"class":1296},[44,49517,48366],{"class":4003},[44,49519,49520],{"class":1296}," type",[44,49522,123],{"class":115},[44,49524,379],{"class":119},[44,49526,3784],{"class":115},[44,49528,6545],{"class":54},[44,49530,40393],{"class":1296},[44,49532,135],{"class":115},[20,49534,49535],{},"you can write this:",[35,49537,49539],{"className":37,"code":49538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49540,49541,49549,49553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49542,49543,49545,49547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49544,2568],{"class":50},[44,49546,55],{"class":54},[44,49548,1058],{"class":77},[44,49550,49551],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49552,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,49554,49555,49557,49559,49561,49563,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,49556,142],{"class":141},[44,49558,123],{"class":115},[44,49560,49006],{"class":141},[44,49562,123],{"class":115},[44,49564,379],{"class":119},[44,49566,129],{"class":115},[44,49568,9375],{"class":115},[44,49570,2309],{"class":1296},[44,49572,129],{"class":115},[44,49574,40393],{"class":1296},[44,49576,3034],{"class":115},[20,49578,49579],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[30,49581,49583,10724,49585],{"id":49582},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49584,44940],{},[15,49586,2423],{},[20,49588,10729,49589,536,49591,49595],{},[15,49590,44940],{},[200,49592,49593],{"href":2420},[15,49594,2423],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1474,49597,49599],{"id":49598},"typevalue-int",[15,49600,49601],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49603,49604],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,49606,49608],{"className":37,"code":49607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49609,49610,49618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49611,49612,49614,49616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49613,2568],{"class":50},[44,49615,55],{"class":54},[44,49617,2709],{"class":77},[44,49619,49620,49622,49624,49626,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49621,142],{"class":141},[44,49623,123],{"class":115},[44,49625,1297],{"class":1296},[44,49627,123],{"class":115},[44,49629,379],{"class":119},[44,49631,3784],{"class":115},[44,49633,6545],{"class":54},[44,49635,45410],{"class":1296},[44,49637,135],{"class":115},[1474,49639,49641],{"id":49640},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49642,49643],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49645,49646],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,49648,49650],{"className":37,"code":49649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49651,49652,49660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49653,49654,49656,49658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49655,2568],{"class":50},[44,49657,55],{"class":54},[44,49659,2709],{"class":77},[44,49661,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672,49674,49676],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49663,142],{"class":141},[44,49665,123],{"class":115},[44,49667,49006],{"class":141},[44,49669,123],{"class":115},[44,49671,379],{"class":119},[44,49673,129],{"class":115},[44,49675,45410],{"class":1296},[44,49677,567],{"class":115},[20,49679,49680,49681,49683],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49682,44940],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49685,49686],{},"In everyday code:",[218,49688,49689,49694],{},[221,49690,40128,49691,49693],{},[15,49692,2423],{}," when you need the exact type",[221,49695,40128,49696,49698],{},[15,49697,44940],{}," when you want a practical type check",[30,49700,49702],{"id":49701},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49704,49705,49706,116],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49707,44940],{},[1474,49709,49711],{"id":49710},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,49713,49715],{"className":37,"code":49714,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49716,49717,49735,49754,49766,49771,49789,49800,49804,49816,49820,49844],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49718,49719,49721,49724,49726,49728,49730,49733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49720,34987],{"class":1075},[44,49722,49723],{"class":34990}," repeat_text",[44,49725,123],{"class":115},[44,49727,308],{"class":37799},[44,49729,129],{"class":115},[44,49731,49732],{"class":37799}," count",[44,49734,8480],{"class":115},[44,49736,49737,49739,49741,49744,49746,49748,49750,49752],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49738,6535],{"class":4003},[44,49740,8237],{"class":54},[44,49742,49743],{"class":141}," isinstance",[44,49745,123],{"class":115},[44,49747,308],{"class":119},[44,49749,129],{"class":115},[44,49751,49035],{"class":1296},[44,49753,8480],{"class":115},[44,49755,49756,49759,49761,49764],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,49757,49758],{"class":4003},"        return",[44,49760,59],{"class":58},[44,49762,49763],{"class":62},"text must be a string",[44,49765,66],{"class":58},[44,49767,49768],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,49769,49770],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,49772,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785,49787],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,49774,6535],{"class":4003},[44,49776,8237],{"class":54},[44,49778,49743],{"class":141},[44,49780,123],{"class":115},[44,49782,41397],{"class":119},[44,49784,129],{"class":115},[44,49786,45410],{"class":1296},[44,49788,8480],{"class":115},[44,49790,49791,49793,49795,49798],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,49792,49758],{"class":4003},[44,49794,59],{"class":58},[44,49796,49797],{"class":62},"count must be an integer",[44,49799,66],{"class":58},[44,49801,49802],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,49803,49770],{"class":50},[44,49805,49806,49808,49811,49813],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,49807,34998],{"class":4003},[44,49809,49810],{"class":50}," text ",[44,49812,40010],{"class":54},[44,49814,49815],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,49817,49818],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,49819,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,49821,49822,49824,49826,49829,49831,49833,49836,49838,49840,49842],{"class":46,"line":6574},[44,49823,142],{"class":141},[44,49825,123],{"class":115},[44,49827,49828],{"class":119},"repeat_text",[44,49830,123],{"class":115},[44,49832,112],{"class":58},[44,49834,49835],{"class":62},"Hi ",[44,49837,112],{"class":58},[44,49839,129],{"class":115},[44,49841,2573],{"class":77},[44,49843,567],{"class":115},[44,49845,49846,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868],{"class":46,"line":11734},[44,49847,142],{"class":141},[44,49849,123],{"class":115},[44,49851,49828],{"class":119},[44,49853,123],{"class":115},[44,49855,112],{"class":58},[44,49857,49835],{"class":62},[44,49859,112],{"class":58},[44,49861,129],{"class":115},[44,49863,59],{"class":58},[44,49865,2183],{"class":62},[44,49867,112],{"class":58},[44,49869,567],{"class":115},[20,49871,155],{},[35,49873,49875],{"className":37,"code":49874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49876,49877,49882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49878,49879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49880,49881],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,49883,49884],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49885,49886],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49888,49889],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1474,49891,49893],{"id":49892},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,49895,49897],{"className":37,"code":49896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49898,49899,49931,49935,49951,49966,49983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49900,49901,49903,49905,49907,49909,49911,49913,49915,49917,49919,49921,49923,49925,49927,49929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49902,2568],{"class":50},[44,49904,55],{"class":54},[44,49906,3744],{"class":115},[44,49908,112],{"class":58},[44,49910,200],{"class":62},[44,49912,112],{"class":58},[44,49914,129],{"class":115},[44,49916,59],{"class":58},[44,49918,4891],{"class":62},[44,49920,112],{"class":58},[44,49922,129],{"class":115},[44,49924,59],{"class":58},[44,49926,9878],{"class":62},[44,49928,112],{"class":58},[44,49930,3757],{"class":115},[44,49932,49933],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,49934,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,49936,49937,49939,49941,49943,49945,49947,49949],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,49938,7135],{"class":4003},[44,49940,49743],{"class":141},[44,49942,123],{"class":115},[44,49944,379],{"class":119},[44,49946,129],{"class":115},[44,49948,49035],{"class":1296},[44,49950,8480],{"class":115},[44,49952,49953,49955,49957,49959,49962,49964],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,49954,8206],{"class":141},[44,49956,123],{"class":115},[44,49958,112],{"class":58},[44,49960,49961],{"class":62},"This is text",[44,49963,112],{"class":58},[44,49965,135],{"class":115},[44,49967,49968,49971,49973,49975,49977,49979,49981],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,49969,49970],{"class":4003},"elif",[44,49972,49743],{"class":141},[44,49974,123],{"class":115},[44,49976,379],{"class":119},[44,49978,129],{"class":115},[44,49980,22695],{"class":1296},[44,49982,8480],{"class":115},[44,49984,49985,49987,49989,49991,49994,49996],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,49986,8206],{"class":141},[44,49988,123],{"class":115},[44,49990,112],{"class":58},[44,49992,49993],{"class":62},"This is a list",[44,49995,112],{"class":58},[44,49997,135],{"class":115},[20,49999,155],{},[35,50001,50003],{"className":37,"code":50002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,50004,50005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50006,50007,50010,50012,50014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50008,50009],{"class":50},"This ",[44,50011,168],{"class":54},[44,50013,44679],{"class":50},[44,50015,50016],{"class":1296},"list\n",[1474,50018,50020],{"id":50019},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,50022,50024],{"className":37,"code":50023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,50025,50026,50038,50042,50058,50072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50027,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50029,2568],{"class":50},[44,50031,55],{"class":54},[44,50033,59],{"class":58},[44,50035,46657],{"class":62},[44,50037,66],{"class":58},[44,50039,50040],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50041,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,50043,50044,50046,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,50045,7135],{"class":4003},[44,50047,49743],{"class":141},[44,50049,123],{"class":115},[44,50051,379],{"class":119},[44,50053,129],{"class":115},[44,50055,49035],{"class":1296},[44,50057,8480],{"class":115},[44,50059,50060,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,50061,42028],{"class":50},[44,50063,55],{"class":54},[44,50065,45410],{"class":1296},[44,50067,123],{"class":115},[44,50069,379],{"class":119},[44,50071,135],{"class":115},[44,50073,50074,50076,50078,50080],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,50075,8206],{"class":141},[44,50077,123],{"class":115},[44,50079,2361],{"class":119},[44,50081,135],{"class":115},[20,50083,155],{},[35,50085,50086],{"className":37,"code":46743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50087,50088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50089,50090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50091,46743],{"class":77},[20,50093,50094],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1474,50096,50098],{"id":50097},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,50100,50102],{"className":37,"code":50101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50103,50104,50128,50132,50148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50105,50106,50108,50110,50112,50114,50116,50118,50120,50122,50124,50126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50107,2568],{"class":50},[44,50109,55],{"class":54},[44,50111,10629],{"class":115},[44,50113,112],{"class":58},[44,50115,126],{"class":62},[44,50117,112],{"class":58},[44,50119,790],{"class":115},[44,50121,59],{"class":58},[44,50123,833],{"class":62},[44,50125,112],{"class":58},[44,50127,9447],{"class":115},[44,50129,50130],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50131,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,50133,50134,50136,50138,50140,50142,50144,50146],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,50135,7135],{"class":4003},[44,50137,49743],{"class":141},[44,50139,123],{"class":115},[44,50141,379],{"class":119},[44,50143,129],{"class":115},[44,50145,9311],{"class":1296},[44,50147,8480],{"class":115},[44,50149,50150,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162,50164],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,50151,8206],{"class":141},[44,50153,123],{"class":115},[44,50155,379],{"class":119},[44,50157,4027],{"class":115},[44,50159,112],{"class":58},[44,50161,126],{"class":62},[44,50163,112],{"class":58},[44,50165,4015],{"class":115},[20,50167,155],{},[35,50169,50171],{"className":37,"code":50170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,50172,50173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50174,50175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50176,50170],{"class":50},[20,50178,50179,50180,50182],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50181,3129],{}," messages later.",[30,50184,4648],{"id":4647},[1474,50186,50188,50189,11232,50192],{"id":50187},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50190,50191],{},"\"int\"",[15,50193,2309],{},[20,50195,16781],{},[35,50197,50199],{"className":37,"code":50198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50200,50201,50209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50202,50203,50205,50207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50204,2568],{"class":50},[44,50206,55],{"class":54},[44,50208,2709],{"class":77},[44,50210,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50212,142],{"class":141},[44,50214,123],{"class":115},[44,50216,49006],{"class":141},[44,50218,123],{"class":115},[44,50220,379],{"class":119},[44,50222,129],{"class":115},[44,50224,59],{"class":58},[44,50226,2309],{"class":62},[44,50228,112],{"class":58},[44,50230,567],{"class":115},[20,50232,50233,50235],{},[15,50234,50191],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50237,16793],{},[35,50239,50240],{"className":37,"code":49649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50241,50242,50250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50243,50244,50246,50248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50245,2568],{"class":50},[44,50247,55],{"class":54},[44,50249,2709],{"class":77},[44,50251,50252,50254,50256,50258,50260,50262,50264,50266],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50253,142],{"class":141},[44,50255,123],{"class":115},[44,50257,49006],{"class":141},[44,50259,123],{"class":115},[44,50261,379],{"class":119},[44,50263,129],{"class":115},[44,50265,45410],{"class":1296},[44,50267,567],{"class":115},[1474,50269,50271],{"id":50270},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50273,16781],{},[35,50275,50277],{"className":37,"code":50276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50278,50279,50287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50280,50281,50283,50285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50282,2568],{"class":50},[44,50284,55],{"class":54},[44,50286,34978],{"class":77},[44,50288,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50290,142],{"class":141},[44,50292,123],{"class":115},[44,50294,49006],{"class":141},[44,50296,123],{"class":115},[44,50298,379],{"class":119},[44,50300,129],{"class":115},[44,50302,3744],{"class":115},[44,50304,2309],{"class":1296},[44,50306,129],{"class":115},[44,50308,40393],{"class":1296},[44,50310,3123],{"class":115},[20,50312,50313],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50315,16793],{},[35,50317,50319],{"className":37,"code":50318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50320,50321,50329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50322,50323,50325,50327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50324,2568],{"class":50},[44,50326,55],{"class":54},[44,50328,34978],{"class":77},[44,50330,50331,50333,50335,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345,50347,50349,50351],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50332,142],{"class":141},[44,50334,123],{"class":115},[44,50336,49006],{"class":141},[44,50338,123],{"class":115},[44,50340,379],{"class":119},[44,50342,129],{"class":115},[44,50344,9375],{"class":115},[44,50346,2309],{"class":1296},[44,50348,129],{"class":115},[44,50350,40393],{"class":1296},[44,50352,3034],{"class":115},[1474,50354,25909,50356,50358],{"id":50355},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50357,44940],{}," converts a value",[20,50360,19051],{},[35,50362,50364],{"className":37,"code":50363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50365,50366,50379,50397,50401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50367,50368,50370,50372,50374,50377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50369,2568],{"class":50},[44,50371,55],{"class":54},[44,50373,59],{"class":58},[44,50375,50376],{"class":62},"123",[44,50378,66],{"class":58},[44,50380,50381,50383,50385,50387,50389,50391,50393,50395],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50382,2351],{"class":50},[44,50384,55],{"class":54},[44,50386,49743],{"class":141},[44,50388,123],{"class":115},[44,50390,379],{"class":119},[44,50392,129],{"class":115},[44,50394,45410],{"class":1296},[44,50396,135],{"class":115},[44,50398,50399],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,50400,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,50402,50403,50405,50407,50409],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,50404,142],{"class":141},[44,50406,123],{"class":115},[44,50408,2386],{"class":119},[44,50410,135],{"class":115},[20,50412,155],{},[35,50414,50415],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,50416,50417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50418,50419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50420,4168],{"class":3978},[20,50422,50423,50424,50427,50428,50430],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50425,50426],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50429,50376],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50432,50433,50434,6768],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50435,50436],{},"int(value)",[1474,50438,50440],{"id":50439},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50442,50443,50445],{},[15,50444,44940],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,50447,50449],{"className":37,"code":50448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50450,50451,50463,50467,50485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50452,50453,50455,50457,50459,50461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50454,2568],{"class":50},[44,50456,55],{"class":54},[44,50458,59],{"class":58},[44,50460,13696],{"class":62},[44,50462,66],{"class":58},[44,50464,50465],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50466,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,50468,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,50470,142],{"class":141},[44,50472,123],{"class":115},[44,50474,49006],{"class":141},[44,50476,123],{"class":115},[44,50478,379],{"class":119},[44,50480,129],{"class":115},[44,50482,49035],{"class":1296},[44,50484,567],{"class":115},[44,50486,50487,50489,50491,50493],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,50488,142],{"class":141},[44,50490,123],{"class":115},[44,50492,379],{"class":119},[44,50494,135],{"class":115},[20,50496,155],{},[35,50498,50500],{"className":37,"code":50499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,50501,50502,50506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50503,50504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50505,4107],{"class":3978},[44,50507,50508],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50509,47394],{"class":77},[20,50511,50512],{},"The value stays the same.",[30,50514,26077],{"id":26076},[20,50516,50517],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,50519,50521],{"className":37,"code":50520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50522,50523,50537,50555,50579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50524,50525,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50526,142],{"class":141},[44,50528,123],{"class":115},[44,50530,1297],{"class":1296},[44,50532,123],{"class":115},[44,50534,379],{"class":119},[44,50536,567],{"class":115},[44,50538,50539,50541,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50540,142],{"class":141},[44,50542,123],{"class":115},[44,50544,49006],{"class":141},[44,50546,123],{"class":115},[44,50548,379],{"class":119},[44,50550,129],{"class":115},[44,50552,45410],{"class":1296},[44,50554,567],{"class":115},[44,50556,50557,50559,50561,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571,50573,50575,50577],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,50558,142],{"class":141},[44,50560,123],{"class":115},[44,50562,49006],{"class":141},[44,50564,123],{"class":115},[44,50566,379],{"class":119},[44,50568,129],{"class":115},[44,50570,9375],{"class":115},[44,50572,2309],{"class":1296},[44,50574,129],{"class":115},[44,50576,40393],{"class":1296},[44,50578,3034],{"class":115},[44,50580,50581,50583,50585,50587,50589,50591],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,50582,142],{"class":141},[44,50584,123],{"class":115},[44,50586,41917],{"class":141},[44,50588,123],{"class":115},[44,50590,379],{"class":119},[44,50592,567],{"class":115},[20,50594,50595],{},"These can help when:",[218,50597,50598,50601,50606,50609],{},[221,50599,50600],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[221,50602,50603,50604],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50605,3129],{},[221,50607,50608],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[221,50610,50611,50612,50614],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50613,44940],{}," is invalid",[20,50616,50617],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[218,50619,50620,50634,50640,50645],{},[221,50621,50622,50623,3000,50626,50629,50630,3000,50632],{},"using ",[15,50624,50625],{},"'int'",[15,50627,50628],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50631,2309],{},[15,50633,1335],{},[221,50635,50636,50637,50639],{},"expecting ",[15,50638,44940],{}," to convert a value",[221,50641,50622,50642,50644],{},[15,50643,2423],{}," when inherited types should also match",[221,50646,50647],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50649,50650,50651,116],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[200,50652,50654,50655],{"href":50653},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50656,50657],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[30,50659,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,50661,5274,50663,5277],{"id":50662},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50664,44940],{},[20,50666,5280,50667,50669,50670,116],{},[15,50668,3724],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50671,3798],{},[1474,50673,5302,50675,50677],{"id":50674},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50676,44940],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50679,50680,50681,116],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50682,50683],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1474,50685,5312,50687,536,50689,1995],{"id":50686},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50688,44940],{},[15,50690,2423],{},[20,50692,50693,50695,50696,50698],{},[15,50694,2423],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50697,44940],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1474,50700,12844,50702,50704],{"id":50701},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50703,44940],{}," convert a value?",[20,50706,50707],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[30,50709,2019],{"id":2018},[218,50711,50712,50718,50722,50727,50732],{},[221,50713,50714],{},[200,50715,1013,50716,1017],{"href":2420},[15,50717,2423],{},[221,50719,50720],{},[200,50721,44932],{"href":49109},[221,50723,50724],{},[200,50725,50726],{"href":3084},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[221,50728,50729],{},[200,50730,50731],{"href":49112},"What is a data type in Python?",[221,50733,50734],{},[200,50735,50654,50736],{"href":50653},[15,50737,50657],{},[2048,50739,50740],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":50742},[50743,50744,50746,50749,50753,50754,50759,50765,50773,50774,50784],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":49048,"depth":69,"text":50745},"What isinstance() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":50747},[50748],{"id":49140,"depth":81,"text":49141},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615,"children":50750},[50751,50752],{"id":49228,"depth":81,"text":49229},{"id":49299,"depth":81,"text":49300},{"id":49386,"depth":69,"text":49387},{"id":49582,"depth":69,"text":50755,"children":50756},"isinstance() vs type()",[50757,50758],{"id":49598,"depth":81,"text":49601},{"id":49640,"depth":81,"text":49643},{"id":49701,"depth":69,"text":49702,"children":50760},[50761,50762,50763,50764],{"id":49710,"depth":81,"text":49711},{"id":49892,"depth":81,"text":49893},{"id":50019,"depth":81,"text":50020},{"id":50097,"depth":81,"text":50098},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":50766},[50767,50769,50770,50772],{"id":50187,"depth":81,"text":50768},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50270,"depth":81,"text":50271},{"id":50355,"depth":81,"text":50771},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50439,"depth":81,"text":50440},{"id":26076,"depth":69,"text":26077},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":50775},[50776,50778,50780,50782],{"id":50662,"depth":81,"text":50777},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50674,"depth":81,"text":50779},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50686,"depth":81,"text":50781},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50701,"depth":81,"text":50783},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48949,"description":50785},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50791,"title":50792,"body":50793,"description":52764,"extension":2084,"meta":52765,"navigation":84,"path":52766,"seo":52767,"stem":52768,"__hash__":52769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50794,"toc":52739},[50795,50798,50803,50808,50822,50825,50827,50902,50907,50911,50916,50919,50933,50935,51101,51113,51115,51117,51132,51135,51138,51151,51153,51251,51255,51261,51264,51273,51275,51310,51315,51336,51341,51346,51378,51381,51438,51442,51448,51451,51504,51506,51546,51549,51617,51620,51671,51678,51682,51688,51773,51779,51785,51834,51837,51840,51890,51892,51897,51901,51951,51955,52002,52006,52083,52087,52152,52155,52159,52164,52169,52181,52183,52202,52208,52210,52229,52234,52261,52268,52272,52278,52281,52376,52379,52382,52431,52436,52438,52442,52477,52480,52537,52547,52550,52584,52587,52589,52593,52596,52600,52603,52607,52610,52614,52627,52631,52636,52638,52688,52700,52702,52736],[10,50796,50792],{"id":50797},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50799,9263,50800,50802],{},[15,50801,42498],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50804,35541,50805,50807],{},[15,50806,42498],{}," to count:",[218,50809,50810,50813,50816,50819],{},[221,50811,50812],{},"characters in a string",[221,50814,50815],{},"items in a list or tuple",[221,50817,50818],{},"keys in a dictionary",[221,50820,50821],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50823,50824],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[30,50826,33],{"id":32},[35,50828,50830],{"className":37,"code":50829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50831,50832,50844,50864,50868,50885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50833,50834,50836,50838,50840,50842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50835,248],{"class":50},[44,50837,55],{"class":54},[44,50839,59],{"class":58},[44,50841,3971],{"class":62},[44,50843,66],{"class":58},[44,50845,50846,50848,50850,50852,50854,50856,50858,50860,50862],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50847,7917],{"class":50},[44,50849,55],{"class":54},[44,50851,3744],{"class":115},[44,50853,2451],{"class":77},[44,50855,129],{"class":115},[44,50857,7928],{"class":77},[44,50859,129],{"class":115},[44,50861,7933],{"class":77},[44,50863,3757],{"class":115},[44,50865,50866],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,50867,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,50869,50870,50872,50874,50876,50878,50880,50882],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,50871,142],{"class":141},[44,50873,123],{"class":115},[44,50875,11302],{"class":141},[44,50877,123],{"class":115},[44,50879,308],{"class":119},[44,50881,5495],{"class":115},[44,50883,50884],{"class":3787},"   # 5\n",[44,50886,50887,50889,50891,50893,50895,50897,50899],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,50888,142],{"class":141},[44,50890,123],{"class":115},[44,50892,11302],{"class":141},[44,50894,123],{"class":115},[44,50896,7948],{"class":119},[44,50898,5495],{"class":115},[44,50900,50901],{"class":3787},"  # 3\n",[20,50903,189,50904,50906],{},[15,50905,42498],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[30,50908,50910],{"id":50909},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50912,50913,50915],{},[15,50914,42498],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50917,50918],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[218,50920,50921,50924,50927,50930],{},[221,50922,50923],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[221,50925,50926],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[221,50928,50929],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[221,50931,50932],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50934,238],{},[35,50936,50938],{"className":37,"code":50937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50939,50940,50952,50977,51009,51029,51033,51050,51067,51084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50941,50942,50944,50946,50948,50950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50943,51],{"class":50},[44,50945,55],{"class":54},[44,50947,59],{"class":58},[44,50949,280],{"class":62},[44,50951,66],{"class":58},[44,50953,50954,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972,50975],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,50955,3739],{"class":50},[44,50957,55],{"class":54},[44,50959,3744],{"class":115},[44,50961,2451],{"class":77},[44,50963,129],{"class":115},[44,50965,7928],{"class":77},[44,50967,129],{"class":115},[44,50969,7933],{"class":77},[44,50971,129],{"class":115},[44,50973,50974],{"class":77}," 40",[44,50976,3757],{"class":115},[44,50978,50979,50981,50983,50985,50987,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999,51001,51003,51005,51007],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,50980,9306],{"class":50},[44,50982,55],{"class":54},[44,50984,10629],{"class":115},[44,50986,112],{"class":58},[44,50988,200],{"class":62},[44,50990,112],{"class":58},[44,50992,790],{"class":115},[44,50994,5632],{"class":77},[44,50996,129],{"class":115},[44,50998,59],{"class":58},[44,51000,4891],{"class":62},[44,51002,112],{"class":58},[44,51004,790],{"class":115},[44,51006,3116],{"class":77},[44,51008,9447],{"class":115},[44,51010,51011,51013,51015,51017,51019,51021,51023,51025,51027],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,51012,3948],{"class":50},[44,51014,55],{"class":54},[44,51016,10629],{"class":115},[44,51018,2257],{"class":77},[44,51020,129],{"class":115},[44,51022,37780],{"class":77},[44,51024,129],{"class":115},[44,51026,6129],{"class":77},[44,51028,9447],{"class":115},[44,51030,51031],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,51032,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,51034,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,51036,142],{"class":141},[44,51038,123],{"class":115},[44,51040,11302],{"class":141},[44,51042,123],{"class":115},[44,51044,126],{"class":119},[44,51046,5495],{"class":115},[44,51048,51049],{"class":3787},"     # 3\n",[44,51051,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,51053,142],{"class":141},[44,51055,123],{"class":115},[44,51057,11302],{"class":141},[44,51059,123],{"class":115},[44,51061,3771],{"class":119},[44,51063,5495],{"class":115},[44,51065,51066],{"class":3787},"  # 4\n",[44,51068,51069,51071,51073,51075,51077,51079,51081],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,51070,142],{"class":141},[44,51072,123],{"class":115},[44,51074,11302],{"class":141},[44,51076,123],{"class":115},[44,51078,9343],{"class":119},[44,51080,5495],{"class":115},[44,51082,51083],{"class":3787},"     # 2\n",[44,51085,51086,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,51087,142],{"class":141},[44,51089,123],{"class":115},[44,51091,11302],{"class":141},[44,51093,123],{"class":115},[44,51095,5492],{"class":119},[44,51097,5495],{"class":115},[44,51099,51100],{"class":3787},"   # 3\n",[20,51102,51103,51104,2310,51107,17210,51111,116],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[200,51105,51106],{"href":202},"Python strings explained",[200,51108,51110],{"href":51109},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[200,51112,9296],{"href":9295},[30,51114,351],{"id":350},[20,51116,2280],{},[35,51118,51120],{"className":37,"code":51119,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,51121,51122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51123,51124,51126,51128,51130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51125,11302],{"class":141},[44,51127,123],{"class":115},[44,51129,42536],{"class":1296},[44,51131,135],{"class":115},[20,51133,51134],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51136,51137],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[218,51139,51140,51142,51144,51146,51148],{},[221,51141,38044],{},[221,51143,38038],{},[221,51145,38041],{},[221,51147,38047],{},[221,51149,51150],{},"a dictionary",[20,51152,238],{},[35,51154,51156],{"className":37,"code":51155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51157,51158,51179,51203,51225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51159,51160,51162,51164,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51161,142],{"class":141},[44,51163,123],{"class":115},[44,51165,11302],{"class":141},[44,51167,123],{"class":115},[44,51169,112],{"class":58},[44,51171,39],{"class":62},[44,51173,112],{"class":58},[44,51175,5495],{"class":115},[44,51177,51178],{"class":3787},"      # 6\n",[44,51180,51181,51183,51185,51187,51189,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51182,142],{"class":141},[44,51184,123],{"class":115},[44,51186,11302],{"class":141},[44,51188,3108],{"class":115},[44,51190,3111],{"class":77},[44,51192,129],{"class":115},[44,51194,3116],{"class":77},[44,51196,129],{"class":115},[44,51198,2573],{"class":77},[44,51200,4865],{"class":115},[44,51202,51049],{"class":3787},[44,51204,51205,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219,51222],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,51206,142],{"class":141},[44,51208,123],{"class":115},[44,51210,11302],{"class":141},[44,51212,5645],{"class":115},[44,51214,2451],{"class":77},[44,51216,129],{"class":115},[44,51218,7928],{"class":77},[44,51220,51221],{"class":115},")))",[44,51223,51224],{"class":3787},"      # 2\n",[44,51226,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243,51245,51248],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,51228,142],{"class":141},[44,51230,123],{"class":115},[44,51232,11302],{"class":141},[44,51234,5664],{"class":115},[44,51236,112],{"class":58},[44,51238,2294],{"class":62},[44,51240,112],{"class":58},[44,51242,790],{"class":115},[44,51244,5632],{"class":77},[44,51246,51247],{"class":115},"}))",[44,51249,51250],{"class":3787},"      # 1\n",[30,51252,51254],{"id":51253},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51256,51257,51258,51260],{},"When you use ",[15,51259,42498],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51262,51263],{},"That includes:",[218,51265,51266,51268,51270],{},[221,51267,36280],{},[221,51269,10590],{},[221,51271,51272],{},"punctuation",[20,51274,238],{},[35,51276,51278],{"className":37,"code":51277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51279,51280,51293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51281,51282,51284,51286,51288,51291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51283,248],{"class":50},[44,51285,55],{"class":54},[44,51287,59],{"class":58},[44,51289,51290],{"class":62},"Hi there!",[44,51292,66],{"class":58},[44,51294,51295,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51296,142],{"class":141},[44,51298,123],{"class":115},[44,51300,11302],{"class":141},[44,51302,123],{"class":115},[44,51304,308],{"class":119},[44,51306,5495],{"class":115},[44,51308,51309],{"class":3787},"  # 9\n",[20,51311,51312,51313,1995],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51314,2265],{},[218,51316,51317,51323,51327,51330],{},[221,51318,51319,51322],{},[15,51320,51321],{},"H"," = 1",[221,51324,51325,51322],{},[15,51326,36291],{},[221,51328,51329],{},"space = 1",[221,51331,51332,51335],{},[15,51333,51334],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51337,51338,51339],{},"Total: ",[15,51340,2265],{},[20,51342,51343,51344,790],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51345,2240],{},[35,51347,51349],{"className":37,"code":51348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51350,51351,51360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51352,51353,51356,51358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51354,51355],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,51357,55],{"class":54},[44,51359,8019],{"class":58},[44,51361,51362,51364,51366,51368,51370,51373,51375],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51363,142],{"class":141},[44,51365,123],{"class":115},[44,51367,11302],{"class":141},[44,51369,123],{"class":115},[44,51371,51372],{"class":119},"empty_text",[44,51374,5495],{"class":115},[44,51376,51377],{"class":3787},"  # 0\n",[20,51379,51380],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,51382,51384],{"className":37,"code":51383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51385,51386,51399,51403,51423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51387,51388,51391,51393,51395,51397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51389,51390],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,51392,55],{"class":54},[44,51394,59],{"class":58},[44,51396,5135],{"class":62},[44,51398,66],{"class":58},[44,51400,51401],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51402,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,51404,51405,51407,51409,51411,51414,51416,51419,51421],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,51406,7135],{"class":4003},[44,51408,38523],{"class":141},[44,51410,123],{"class":115},[44,51412,51413],{"class":119},"user_name",[44,51415,3784],{"class":115},[44,51417,51418],{"class":54}," >=",[44,51420,2573],{"class":77},[44,51422,6530],{"class":115},[44,51424,51425,51427,51429,51431,51434,51436],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,51426,8206],{"class":141},[44,51428,123],{"class":115},[44,51430,112],{"class":58},[44,51432,51433],{"class":62},"Name is long enough",[44,51435,112],{"class":58},[44,51437,135],{"class":115},[30,51439,51441],{"id":51440},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51443,51444,51445,51447],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51446,42498],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51449,51450],{},"Example with a list:",[35,51452,51454],{"className":37,"code":51453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51455,51456,51488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51457,51458,51460,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480,51482,51484,51486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51459,13213],{"class":50},[44,51461,55],{"class":54},[44,51463,3744],{"class":115},[44,51465,112],{"class":58},[44,51467,13230],{"class":62},[44,51469,112],{"class":58},[44,51471,129],{"class":115},[44,51473,59],{"class":58},[44,51475,17592],{"class":62},[44,51477,112],{"class":58},[44,51479,129],{"class":115},[44,51481,59],{"class":58},[44,51483,13247],{"class":62},[44,51485,112],{"class":58},[44,51487,3757],{"class":115},[44,51489,51490,51492,51494,51496,51498,51500,51502],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51491,142],{"class":141},[44,51493,123],{"class":115},[44,51495,11302],{"class":141},[44,51497,123],{"class":115},[44,51499,17639],{"class":119},[44,51501,5495],{"class":115},[44,51503,50901],{"class":3787},[20,51505,38053],{},[35,51507,51509],{"className":37,"code":51508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51510,51511,51528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51512,51513,51516,51518,51520,51522,51524,51526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51514,51515],{"class":50},"point ",[44,51517,55],{"class":54},[44,51519,9375],{"class":115},[44,51521,2451],{"class":77},[44,51523,129],{"class":115},[44,51525,7928],{"class":77},[44,51527,135],{"class":115},[44,51529,51530,51532,51534,51536,51538,51541,51543],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51531,142],{"class":141},[44,51533,123],{"class":115},[44,51535,11302],{"class":141},[44,51537,123],{"class":115},[44,51539,51540],{"class":119},"point",[44,51542,5495],{"class":115},[44,51544,51545],{"class":3787},"  # 2\n",[20,51547,51548],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,51550,51552],{"className":37,"code":51551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51553,51554,51578,51582,51600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51555,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568,51570,51572,51574,51576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51557,7917],{"class":50},[44,51559,55],{"class":54},[44,51561,3744],{"class":115},[44,51563,112],{"class":58},[44,51565,4207],{"class":62},[44,51567,112],{"class":58},[44,51569,129],{"class":115},[44,51571,59],{"class":58},[44,51573,4216],{"class":62},[44,51575,112],{"class":58},[44,51577,3757],{"class":115},[44,51579,51580],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51581,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,51583,51584,51586,51588,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,51585,7135],{"class":4003},[44,51587,38523],{"class":141},[44,51589,123],{"class":115},[44,51591,7948],{"class":119},[44,51593,3784],{"class":115},[44,51595,38533],{"class":54},[44,51597,5632],{"class":77},[44,51599,6530],{"class":115},[44,51601,51602,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612,51614],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,51603,8206],{"class":141},[44,51605,123],{"class":115},[44,51607,7948],{"class":119},[44,51609,4027],{"class":115},[44,51611,3111],{"class":77},[44,51613,20583],{"class":115},[44,51615,51616],{"class":3787},"  # banana\n",[20,51618,51619],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,51621,51623],{"className":37,"code":51622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51624,51625,51648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51626,51627,51629,51631,51633,51636,51638,51641,51643,51646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51628,5195],{"class":50},[44,51630,55],{"class":54},[44,51632,3744],{"class":115},[44,51634,51635],{"class":77},"88",[44,51637,129],{"class":115},[44,51639,51640],{"class":77}," 91",[44,51642,129],{"class":115},[44,51644,51645],{"class":77}," 75",[44,51647,3757],{"class":115},[44,51649,51650,51652,51654,51656,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51651,142],{"class":141},[44,51653,123],{"class":115},[44,51655,112],{"class":58},[44,51657,51658],{"class":62},"Number of scores:",[44,51660,112],{"class":58},[44,51662,129],{"class":115},[44,51664,38523],{"class":141},[44,51666,123],{"class":115},[44,51668,16526],{"class":119},[44,51670,567],{"class":115},[20,51672,51673,51674,116],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[200,51675,51677],{"href":51676},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[30,51679,51681],{"id":51680},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51683,51684,51685,51687],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51686,42498],{}," counts keys.",[35,51689,51691],{"className":37,"code":51690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51692,51693,51701,51719,51733,51749,51753,51757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51694,51695,51697,51699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51696,13003],{"class":50},[44,51698,55],{"class":54},[44,51700,11633],{"class":115},[44,51702,51703,51705,51707,51709,51711,51713,51715,51717],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51704,11638],{"class":58},[44,51706,126],{"class":62},[44,51708,112],{"class":58},[44,51710,790],{"class":115},[44,51712,59],{"class":58},[44,51714,8059],{"class":62},[44,51716,112],{"class":58},[44,51718,11653],{"class":115},[44,51720,51721,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,51722,11638],{"class":58},[44,51724,9437],{"class":62},[44,51726,112],{"class":58},[44,51728,790],{"class":115},[44,51730,31080],{"class":77},[44,51732,11653],{"class":115},[44,51734,51735,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,51736,11638],{"class":58},[44,51738,20028],{"class":62},[44,51740,112],{"class":58},[44,51742,790],{"class":115},[44,51744,59],{"class":58},[44,51746,22382],{"class":62},[44,51748,66],{"class":58},[44,51750,51751],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,51752,9447],{"class":115},[44,51754,51755],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,51756,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,51758,51759,51761,51763,51765,51767,51769,51771],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,51760,142],{"class":141},[44,51762,123],{"class":115},[44,51764,11302],{"class":141},[44,51766,123],{"class":115},[44,51768,945],{"class":119},[44,51770,5495],{"class":115},[44,51772,50901],{"class":3787},[20,51774,51775,51776,51778],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51777,42498],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51780,51781,51782,51784],{},"For sets, ",[15,51783,42498],{}," counts unique items:",[35,51786,51788],{"className":37,"code":51787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51789,51790,51818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51791,51792,51794,51796,51798,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51793,3739],{"class":50},[44,51795,55],{"class":54},[44,51797,10629],{"class":115},[44,51799,3111],{"class":77},[44,51801,129],{"class":115},[44,51803,3116],{"class":77},[44,51805,129],{"class":115},[44,51807,2573],{"class":77},[44,51809,129],{"class":115},[44,51811,2573],{"class":77},[44,51813,129],{"class":115},[44,51815,3116],{"class":77},[44,51817,9447],{"class":115},[44,51819,51820,51822,51824,51826,51828,51830,51832],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51821,142],{"class":141},[44,51823,123],{"class":115},[44,51825,11302],{"class":141},[44,51827,123],{"class":115},[44,51829,3771],{"class":119},[44,51831,5495],{"class":115},[44,51833,50901],{"class":3787},[20,51835,51836],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51838,51839],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,51841,51843],{"className":37,"code":51842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51844,51845,51853,51857,51875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51846,51847,51849,51851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51848,9306],{"class":50},[44,51850,55],{"class":54},[44,51852,338],{"class":115},[44,51854,51855],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51856,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,51858,51859,51861,51863,51865,51867,51869,51871,51873],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,51860,7135],{"class":4003},[44,51862,38523],{"class":141},[44,51864,123],{"class":115},[44,51866,9343],{"class":119},[44,51868,3784],{"class":115},[44,51870,6545],{"class":54},[44,51872,3959],{"class":77},[44,51874,6530],{"class":115},[44,51876,51877,51879,51881,51883,51886,51888],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,51878,8206],{"class":141},[44,51880,123],{"class":115},[44,51882,112],{"class":58},[44,51884,51885],{"class":62},"The dictionary is empty",[44,51887,112],{"class":58},[44,51889,135],{"class":115},[30,51891,41183],{"id":41182},[20,51893,51894,51895,116],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51896,42498],{},[1474,51898,51900],{"id":51899},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,51902,51904],{"className":37,"code":51903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51905,51906,51914,51918,51936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51907,51908,51910,51912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51909,7917],{"class":50},[44,51911,55],{"class":54},[44,51913,7977],{"class":115},[44,51915,51916],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51917,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,51919,51920,51922,51924,51926,51928,51930,51932,51934],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,51921,7135],{"class":4003},[44,51923,38523],{"class":141},[44,51925,123],{"class":115},[44,51927,7948],{"class":119},[44,51929,3784],{"class":115},[44,51931,6545],{"class":54},[44,51933,3959],{"class":77},[44,51935,6530],{"class":115},[44,51937,51938,51940,51942,51944,51947,51949],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,51939,8206],{"class":141},[44,51941,123],{"class":115},[44,51943,112],{"class":58},[44,51945,51946],{"class":62},"The list is empty",[44,51948,112],{"class":58},[44,51950,135],{"class":115},[1474,51952,51954],{"id":51953},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,51956,51958],{"className":37,"code":51957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51959,51960,51979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51961,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970,51972,51975,51977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51963,6290],{"class":50},[44,51965,55],{"class":54},[44,51967,8380],{"class":141},[44,51969,123],{"class":115},[44,51971,112],{"class":58},[44,51973,51974],{"class":62},"Enter a word: ",[44,51976,112],{"class":58},[44,51978,135],{"class":115},[44,51980,51981,51983,51985,51987,51990,51992,51994,51996,51998,52000],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,51982,142],{"class":141},[44,51984,123],{"class":115},[44,51986,112],{"class":58},[44,51988,51989],{"class":62},"Number of characters:",[44,51991,112],{"class":58},[44,51993,129],{"class":115},[44,51995,38523],{"class":141},[44,51997,123],{"class":115},[44,51999,38528],{"class":119},[44,52001,567],{"class":115},[1474,52003,52005],{"id":52004},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,52007,52009],{"className":37,"code":52008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,52010,52011,52025,52029,52047,52062,52068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52012,52013,52016,52018,52020,52023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52014,52015],{"class":50},"password ",[44,52017,55],{"class":54},[44,52019,59],{"class":58},[44,52021,52022],{"class":62},"secret123",[44,52024,66],{"class":58},[44,52026,52027],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52028,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,52030,52031,52033,52035,52037,52039,52041,52043,52045],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,52032,7135],{"class":4003},[44,52034,38523],{"class":141},[44,52036,123],{"class":115},[44,52038,17758],{"class":119},[44,52040,3784],{"class":115},[44,52042,51418],{"class":54},[44,52044,6496],{"class":77},[44,52046,6530],{"class":115},[44,52048,52049,52051,52053,52055,52058,52060],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,52050,8206],{"class":141},[44,52052,123],{"class":115},[44,52054,112],{"class":58},[44,52056,52057],{"class":62},"Password length is valid",[44,52059,112],{"class":58},[44,52061,135],{"class":115},[44,52063,52064,52066],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,52065,27569],{"class":4003},[44,52067,6530],{"class":115},[44,52069,52070,52072,52074,52076,52079,52081],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,52071,8206],{"class":141},[44,52073,123],{"class":115},[44,52075,112],{"class":58},[44,52077,52078],{"class":62},"Password is too short",[44,52080,112],{"class":58},[44,52082,135],{"class":115},[1474,52084,52086],{"id":52085},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,52088,52090],{"className":37,"code":52089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52091,52092,52128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52093,52094,52097,52099,52101,52103,52106,52108,52110,52112,52115,52117,52119,52121,52124,52126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52095,52096],{"class":50},"results ",[44,52098,55],{"class":54},[44,52100,3744],{"class":115},[44,52102,112],{"class":58},[44,52104,52105],{"class":62},"item1",[44,52107,112],{"class":58},[44,52109,129],{"class":115},[44,52111,59],{"class":58},[44,52113,52114],{"class":62},"item2",[44,52116,112],{"class":58},[44,52118,129],{"class":115},[44,52120,59],{"class":58},[44,52122,52123],{"class":62},"item3",[44,52125,112],{"class":58},[44,52127,3757],{"class":115},[44,52129,52130,52132,52134,52136,52139,52141,52143,52145,52147,52150],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52131,142],{"class":141},[44,52133,123],{"class":115},[44,52135,112],{"class":58},[44,52137,52138],{"class":62},"Items found:",[44,52140,112],{"class":58},[44,52142,129],{"class":115},[44,52144,38523],{"class":141},[44,52146,123],{"class":115},[44,52148,52149],{"class":119},"results",[44,52151,567],{"class":115},[20,52153,52154],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[30,52156,52158],{"id":52157},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52160,52161,52163],{},[15,52162,42498],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52165,52166,52167,790],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52168,3129],{},[218,52170,52171,52174,52177],{},[221,52172,52173],{},"plain integers",[221,52175,52176],{},"floats",[221,52178,52179],{},[15,52180,3904],{},[20,52182,238],{},[35,52184,52186],{"className":37,"code":52185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52187,52188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52189,52190,52192,52194,52196,52198,52200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52191,142],{"class":141},[44,52193,123],{"class":115},[44,52195,11302],{"class":141},[44,52197,123],{"class":115},[44,52199,2257],{"class":77},[44,52201,567],{"class":115},[20,52203,52204,52205,52207],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52206,2257],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52209,1127],{},[35,52211,52213],{"className":37,"code":52212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52214,52215],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52216,52217,52219,52221,52223,52225,52227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52218,142],{"class":141},[44,52220,123],{"class":115},[44,52222,11302],{"class":141},[44,52224,123],{"class":115},[44,52226,40281],{"class":77},[44,52228,567],{"class":115},[20,52230,52231,52232,790],{},"And with ",[15,52233,3904],{},[35,52235,52237],{"className":37,"code":52236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52238,52239,52247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52240,52241,52243,52245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52242,2568],{"class":50},[44,52244,55],{"class":54},[44,52246,48658],{"class":3978},[44,52248,52249,52251,52253,52255,52257,52259],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52250,142],{"class":141},[44,52252,123],{"class":115},[44,52254,11302],{"class":141},[44,52256,123],{"class":115},[44,52258,379],{"class":119},[44,52260,567],{"class":115},[20,52262,52263,52264,116],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[200,52265,52267],{"href":52266},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[30,52269,52271],{"id":52270},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52273,52274,52275,52277],{},"Before using ",[15,52276,42498],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52279,52280],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,52282,52284],{"className":37,"code":52283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52285,52286,52294,52298,52308,52322,52340,52358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52287,52288,52290,52292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52289,2568],{"class":50},[44,52291,55],{"class":54},[44,52293,48658],{"class":3978},[44,52295,52296],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52297,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,52299,52300,52302,52304,52306],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,52301,142],{"class":141},[44,52303,123],{"class":115},[44,52305,379],{"class":119},[44,52307,135],{"class":115},[44,52309,52310,52312,52314,52316,52318,52320],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,52311,142],{"class":141},[44,52313,123],{"class":115},[44,52315,1297],{"class":1296},[44,52317,123],{"class":115},[44,52319,379],{"class":119},[44,52321,567],{"class":115},[44,52323,52324,52326,52328,52330,52332,52334,52336,52338],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,52325,142],{"class":141},[44,52327,123],{"class":115},[44,52329,49006],{"class":141},[44,52331,123],{"class":115},[44,52333,379],{"class":119},[44,52335,129],{"class":115},[44,52337,49035],{"class":1296},[44,52339,567],{"class":115},[44,52341,52342,52344,52346,52348,52350,52352,52354,52356],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,52343,142],{"class":141},[44,52345,123],{"class":115},[44,52347,49006],{"class":141},[44,52349,123],{"class":115},[44,52351,379],{"class":119},[44,52353,129],{"class":115},[44,52355,22695],{"class":1296},[44,52357,567],{"class":115},[44,52359,52360,52362,52364,52366,52368,52370,52372,52374],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,52361,142],{"class":141},[44,52363,123],{"class":115},[44,52365,49006],{"class":141},[44,52367,123],{"class":115},[44,52369,379],{"class":119},[44,52371,129],{"class":115},[44,52373,9311],{"class":1296},[44,52375,567],{"class":115},[20,52377,52378],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52380,52381],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,52383,52385],{"className":37,"code":52384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52386,52387,52399,52403,52417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52388,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52390,2568],{"class":50},[44,52392,55],{"class":54},[44,52394,59],{"class":58},[44,52396,3971],{"class":62},[44,52398,66],{"class":58},[44,52400,52401],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52402,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,52404,52405,52407,52409,52411,52413,52415],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,52406,7135],{"class":4003},[44,52408,21722],{"class":50},[44,52410,168],{"class":54},[44,52412,8237],{"class":54},[44,52414,3979],{"class":3978},[44,52416,6530],{"class":115},[44,52418,52419,52421,52423,52425,52427,52429],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,52420,8206],{"class":141},[44,52422,123],{"class":115},[44,52424,11302],{"class":141},[44,52426,123],{"class":115},[44,52428,379],{"class":119},[44,52430,567],{"class":115},[20,52432,52433,52434,116],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[200,52435,8581],{"href":2420},[30,52437,1467],{"id":1466},[20,52439,23230,52440,790],{},[15,52441,42498],{},[218,52443,52444,52452,52460,52468,52474],{},[221,52445,8556,52446,52448,52449],{},[15,52447,42498],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52450,52451],{},"len(5)",[221,52453,8556,52454,52456,52457],{},[15,52455,42498],{}," on a float like ",[15,52458,52459],{},"len(3.14)",[221,52461,8556,52462,52464,52465,52467],{},[15,52463,42498],{}," on ",[15,52466,3904],{}," after a function returns nothing",[221,52469,4709,52470,52473],{},[15,52471,52472],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[221,52475,52476],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52478,52479],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,52481,52483],{"className":37,"code":52482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52484,52485,52521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52486,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52488,13342],{"class":50},[44,52490,55],{"class":54},[44,52492,10629],{"class":115},[44,52494,112],{"class":58},[44,52496,126],{"class":62},[44,52498,112],{"class":58},[44,52500,790],{"class":115},[44,52502,59],{"class":58},[44,52504,833],{"class":62},[44,52506,112],{"class":58},[44,52508,129],{"class":115},[44,52510,59],{"class":58},[44,52512,9437],{"class":62},[44,52514,112],{"class":58},[44,52516,790],{"class":115},[44,52518,7928],{"class":77},[44,52520,9447],{"class":115},[44,52522,52523,52525,52527,52529,52531,52533,52535],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52524,142],{"class":141},[44,52526,123],{"class":115},[44,52528,11302],{"class":141},[44,52530,123],{"class":115},[44,52532,17445],{"class":119},[44,52534,5495],{"class":115},[44,52536,51545],{"class":3787},[20,52538,37731,52539,52541,52542,536,52544,116],{},[15,52540,2177],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52543,15377],{},[15,52545,52546],{},"\"age\"",[20,52548,52549],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,52551,52553],{"className":37,"code":52552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52554,52555,52568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52556,52557,52559,52561,52563,52566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52558,248],{"class":50},[44,52560,55],{"class":54},[44,52562,59],{"class":58},[44,52564,52565],{"class":62},"a b",[44,52567,66],{"class":58},[44,52569,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52571,142],{"class":141},[44,52573,123],{"class":115},[44,52575,11302],{"class":141},[44,52577,123],{"class":115},[44,52579,308],{"class":119},[44,52581,5495],{"class":115},[44,52583,50901],{"class":3787},[20,52585,52586],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[30,52588,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,52590,52592],{"id":52591},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52594,52595],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1474,52597,52599],{"id":52598},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52601,52602],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1474,52604,52606],{"id":52605},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52608,52609],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1474,52611,52613],{"id":52612},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52615,52616,52617,52619,52620,3000,52622,52624,52625,116],{},"No. Using ",[15,52618,42498],{}," on an ",[15,52621,2309],{},[15,52623,2313],{}," raises a ",[15,52626,3129],{},[1474,52628,52630],{"id":52629},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52632,7900,52633,116],{},[15,52634,52635],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52637,238],{},[35,52639,52641],{"className":37,"code":52640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52642,52643,52651,52655,52673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52644,52645,52647,52649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52646,8446],{"class":50},[44,52648,55],{"class":54},[44,52650,7977],{"class":115},[44,52652,52653],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52654,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,52656,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665,52667,52669,52671],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,52658,7135],{"class":4003},[44,52660,38523],{"class":141},[44,52662,123],{"class":115},[44,52664,8477],{"class":119},[44,52666,3784],{"class":115},[44,52668,6545],{"class":54},[44,52670,3959],{"class":77},[44,52672,6530],{"class":115},[44,52674,52675,52677,52679,52681,52684,52686],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,52676,8206],{"class":141},[44,52678,123],{"class":115},[44,52680,112],{"class":58},[44,52682,52683],{"class":62},"Empty list",[44,52685,112],{"class":58},[44,52687,135],{"class":115},[20,52689,52690,52691,52693,52694,52696,52697,52699],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52692,3798],{}," in an ",[15,52695,7135],{}," statement, but ",[15,52698,42498],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[30,52701,2019],{"id":2018},[218,52703,52704,52708,52712,52716,52721,52725,52731],{},[221,52705,52706],{},[200,52707,51106],{"href":202},[221,52709,52710],{},[200,52711,51110],{"href":51109},[221,52713,52714],{},[200,52715,9296],{"href":9295},[221,52717,52718],{},[200,52719,52720],{"href":51676},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[221,52722,52723],{},[200,52724,8581],{"href":2420},[221,52726,52727],{},[200,52728,52730],{"href":52729},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[221,52732,52733],{},[200,52734,52735],{"href":52266},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2048,52737,52738],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":52740},[52741,52742,52743,52744,52745,52746,52747,52753,52754,52755,52756,52763],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":50909,"depth":69,"text":50910},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":51253,"depth":69,"text":51254},{"id":51440,"depth":69,"text":51441},{"id":51680,"depth":69,"text":51681},{"id":41182,"depth":69,"text":41183,"children":52748},[52749,52750,52751,52752],{"id":51899,"depth":81,"text":51900},{"id":51953,"depth":81,"text":51954},{"id":52004,"depth":81,"text":52005},{"id":52085,"depth":81,"text":52086},{"id":52157,"depth":69,"text":52158},{"id":52270,"depth":69,"text":52271},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":52757},[52758,52759,52760,52761,52762],{"id":52591,"depth":81,"text":52592},{"id":52598,"depth":81,"text":52599},{"id":52605,"depth":81,"text":52606},{"id":52612,"depth":81,"text":52613},{"id":52629,"depth":81,"text":52630},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50792,"description":52764},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52771,"title":52772,"body":52773,"description":54458,"extension":2084,"meta":54459,"navigation":84,"path":54460,"seo":54461,"stem":54462,"__hash__":54463},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52774,"toc":54431},[52775,52778,52792,52798,52800,52854,52859,52863,52879,52882,52896,52902,52904,52907,52926,52942,52944,53020,53022,53059,53070,53072,53075,53136,53138,53171,53174,53180,53184,53187,53312,53314,53373,53381,53434,53436,53463,53469,53479,53483,53486,53491,53543,53545,53571,53577,53631,53633,53658,53661,53685,53691,53693,53697,53699,53756,53758,53766,53768,53790,53792,53845,53847,53871,53875,53877,53916,53918,53926,53932,53936,53988,53990,54016,54024,54028,54033,54042,54044,54110,54112,54144,54148,54153,54155,54169,54172,54245,54247,54273,54275,54279,54286,54290,54297,54301,54304,54306,54359,54361,54387,54391,54400,54402,54428],[10,52776,52772],{"id":52777},"python-list-append-method",[20,52779,213,52780,52783,52784,52787,52788,52791],{},[15,52781,52782],{},"append()"," method adds ",[153,52785,52786],{},"one item"," to the ",[153,52789,52790],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52793,52794,52795,52797],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[153,52796,4761],{}," create a new list.",[30,52799,3729],{"id":3728},[35,52801,52803],{"className":37,"code":52802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52804,52805,52825,52839,52849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52806,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815,52817,52819,52821,52823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52808,3739],{"class":50},[44,52810,55],{"class":54},[44,52812,3744],{"class":115},[44,52814,3111],{"class":77},[44,52816,129],{"class":115},[44,52818,3116],{"class":77},[44,52820,129],{"class":115},[44,52822,2573],{"class":77},[44,52824,3757],{"class":115},[44,52826,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52828,3771],{"class":50},[44,52830,116],{"class":115},[44,52832,13691],{"class":119},[44,52834,123],{"class":115},[44,52836,2626],{"class":77},[44,52838,135],{"class":115},[44,52840,52841,52843,52845,52847],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,52842,142],{"class":141},[44,52844,123],{"class":115},[44,52846,3771],{"class":119},[44,52848,135],{"class":115},[44,52850,52851],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,52852,52853],{"class":3787},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52855,189,52856,52858],{},[15,52857,52782],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[30,52860,52862],{"id":52861},"what-append-does","What append() does",[218,52864,52865,52870,52873,52876],{},[221,52866,52867,52869],{},[15,52868,52782],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[221,52871,52872],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[221,52874,52875],{},"It does not create a new list",[221,52877,52878],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52880,52881],{},"This means you can append:",[218,52883,52884,52886,52888,52890,52892,52894],{},[221,52885,3771],{},[221,52887,5442],{},[221,52889,40731],{},[221,52891,5433],{},[221,52893,7389],{},[221,52895,34799],{},[20,52897,52898,52899,116],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[200,52900,52901],{"href":51109},"Python lists explained for beginners",[30,52903,5565],{"id":5564},[20,52905,52906],{},"Basic form:",[35,52908,52910],{"className":37,"code":52909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52911,52912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52913,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52915,8477],{"class":50},[44,52917,116],{"class":115},[44,52919,13691],{"class":119},[44,52921,123],{"class":115},[44,52923,23446],{"class":119},[44,52925,135],{"class":115},[218,52927,52928,52933,52938],{},[221,52929,52930,52932],{},[15,52931,8477],{}," is the list you want to change",[221,52934,52935,52937],{},[15,52936,23446],{}," is the value or object to add",[221,52939,12051,52940],{},[15,52941,3904],{},[20,52943,238],{},[35,52945,52947],{"className":37,"code":52946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52948,52949,52973,52996,53000,53010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52950,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52952,36376],{"class":50},[44,52954,55],{"class":54},[44,52956,3744],{"class":115},[44,52958,112],{"class":58},[44,52960,4207],{"class":62},[44,52962,112],{"class":58},[44,52964,129],{"class":115},[44,52966,59],{"class":58},[44,52968,4216],{"class":62},[44,52970,112],{"class":58},[44,52972,3757],{"class":115},[44,52974,52975,52977,52979,52982,52984,52986,52988,52990,52992,52994],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,52976,2351],{"class":50},[44,52978,55],{"class":54},[44,52980,52981],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,52983,116],{"class":115},[44,52985,13691],{"class":119},[44,52987,123],{"class":115},[44,52989,112],{"class":58},[44,52991,33357],{"class":62},[44,52993,112],{"class":58},[44,52995,135],{"class":115},[44,52997,52998],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,52999,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53001,53002,53004,53006,53008],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,53003,142],{"class":141},[44,53005,123],{"class":115},[44,53007,36428],{"class":119},[44,53009,135],{"class":115},[44,53011,53012,53014,53016,53018],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,53013,142],{"class":141},[44,53015,123],{"class":115},[44,53017,2386],{"class":119},[44,53019,135],{"class":115},[20,53021,155],{},[35,53023,53025],{"className":37,"code":53024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,53026,53027,53055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53028,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041,53043,53045,53047,53049,53051,53053],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53030,4027],{"class":115},[44,53032,1338],{"class":58},[44,53034,4207],{"class":62},[44,53036,1338],{"class":58},[44,53038,129],{"class":115},[44,53040,1332],{"class":58},[44,53042,4216],{"class":62},[44,53044,1338],{"class":58},[44,53046,129],{"class":115},[44,53048,1332],{"class":58},[44,53050,33357],{"class":62},[44,53052,1338],{"class":58},[44,53054,3757],{"class":115},[44,53056,53057],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53058,11948],{"class":3978},[20,53060,53061,53062,53064,53065,53067,53068,116],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53063,52782],{}," updates ",[15,53066,36428],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53069,3904],{},[30,53071,11615],{"id":11614},[20,53073,53074],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,53076,53078],{"className":37,"code":53077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53079,53080,53104,53122,53126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53081,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53083,13213],{"class":50},[44,53085,55],{"class":54},[44,53087,3744],{"class":115},[44,53089,112],{"class":58},[44,53091,13230],{"class":62},[44,53093,112],{"class":58},[44,53095,129],{"class":115},[44,53097,59],{"class":58},[44,53099,13247],{"class":62},[44,53101,112],{"class":58},[44,53103,3757],{"class":115},[44,53105,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53107,17639],{"class":50},[44,53109,116],{"class":115},[44,53111,13691],{"class":119},[44,53113,123],{"class":115},[44,53115,112],{"class":58},[44,53117,17592],{"class":62},[44,53119,112],{"class":58},[44,53121,135],{"class":115},[44,53123,53124],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,53125,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53127,53128,53130,53132,53134],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,53129,142],{"class":141},[44,53131,123],{"class":115},[44,53133,17639],{"class":119},[44,53135,135],{"class":115},[20,53137,155],{},[35,53139,53141],{"className":37,"code":53140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53142,53143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53144,53145,53147,53149,53151,53153,53155,53157,53159,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53146,4027],{"class":115},[44,53148,1338],{"class":58},[44,53150,13230],{"class":62},[44,53152,1338],{"class":58},[44,53154,129],{"class":115},[44,53156,1332],{"class":58},[44,53158,13247],{"class":62},[44,53160,1338],{"class":58},[44,53162,129],{"class":115},[44,53164,1332],{"class":58},[44,53166,17592],{"class":62},[44,53168,1338],{"class":58},[44,53170,3757],{"class":115},[20,53172,53173],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53175,31220,53176,116],{},[200,53177,53179],{"href":53178},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[30,53181,53183],{"id":53182},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53185,53186],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,53188,53190],{"className":37,"code":53189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53191,53192,53200,53204,53218,53236,53250,53276,53298,53302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53193,53194,53196,53198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53195,7917],{"class":50},[44,53197,55],{"class":54},[44,53199,7977],{"class":115},[44,53201,53202],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53203,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53205,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214,53216],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,53207,7948],{"class":50},[44,53209,116],{"class":115},[44,53211,13691],{"class":119},[44,53213,123],{"class":115},[44,53215,2451],{"class":77},[44,53217,135],{"class":115},[44,53219,53220,53222,53224,53226,53228,53230,53232,53234],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,53221,7948],{"class":50},[44,53223,116],{"class":115},[44,53225,13691],{"class":119},[44,53227,123],{"class":115},[44,53229,112],{"class":58},[44,53231,3971],{"class":62},[44,53233,112],{"class":58},[44,53235,135],{"class":115},[44,53237,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,53239,7948],{"class":50},[44,53241,116],{"class":115},[44,53243,13691],{"class":119},[44,53245,123],{"class":115},[44,53247,3724],{"class":3978},[44,53249,135],{"class":115},[44,53251,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262,53264,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,53253,7948],{"class":50},[44,53255,116],{"class":115},[44,53257,13691],{"class":119},[44,53259,5664],{"class":115},[44,53261,112],{"class":58},[44,53263,126],{"class":62},[44,53265,112],{"class":58},[44,53267,790],{"class":115},[44,53269,59],{"class":58},[44,53271,280],{"class":62},[44,53273,112],{"class":58},[44,53275,30633],{"class":115},[44,53277,53278,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,53279,7948],{"class":50},[44,53281,116],{"class":115},[44,53283,13691],{"class":119},[44,53285,3108],{"class":115},[44,53287,3111],{"class":77},[44,53289,129],{"class":115},[44,53291,3116],{"class":77},[44,53293,129],{"class":115},[44,53295,2573],{"class":77},[44,53297,4015],{"class":115},[44,53299,53300],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,53301,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53303,53304,53306,53308,53310],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,53305,142],{"class":141},[44,53307,123],{"class":115},[44,53309,7948],{"class":119},[44,53311,135],{"class":115},[20,53313,155],{},[35,53315,53317],{"className":37,"code":53316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53318,53319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53320,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53322,4027],{"class":115},[44,53324,2451],{"class":77},[44,53326,129],{"class":115},[44,53328,1332],{"class":58},[44,53330,3971],{"class":62},[44,53332,1338],{"class":58},[44,53334,129],{"class":115},[44,53336,4043],{"class":3978},[44,53338,129],{"class":115},[44,53340,10629],{"class":115},[44,53342,1338],{"class":58},[44,53344,126],{"class":62},[44,53346,1338],{"class":58},[44,53348,790],{"class":115},[44,53350,1332],{"class":58},[44,53352,280],{"class":62},[44,53354,1338],{"class":58},[44,53356,53357],{"class":115},"},",[44,53359,3744],{"class":115},[44,53361,3111],{"class":77},[44,53363,129],{"class":115},[44,53365,3116],{"class":77},[44,53367,129],{"class":115},[44,53369,2573],{"class":77},[44,53371,53372],{"class":115},"]]\n",[20,53374,53375,53376,42293,53378,116],{},"A list added with ",[15,53377,52782],{},[153,53379,53380],{},"one single item",[35,53382,53384],{"className":37,"code":53383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53385,53386,53402,53420,53424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53387,53388,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53389,3739],{"class":50},[44,53391,55],{"class":54},[44,53393,3744],{"class":115},[44,53395,3111],{"class":77},[44,53397,129],{"class":115},[44,53399,3116],{"class":77},[44,53401,3757],{"class":115},[44,53403,53404,53406,53408,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53405,3771],{"class":50},[44,53407,116],{"class":115},[44,53409,13691],{"class":119},[44,53411,3108],{"class":115},[44,53413,2183],{"class":77},[44,53415,129],{"class":115},[44,53417,2579],{"class":77},[44,53419,4015],{"class":115},[44,53421,53422],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,53423,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53425,53426,53428,53430,53432],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,53427,142],{"class":141},[44,53429,123],{"class":115},[44,53431,3771],{"class":119},[44,53433,135],{"class":115},[20,53435,155],{},[35,53437,53439],{"className":37,"code":53438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53440,53441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53442,53443,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457,53459,53461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53444,4027],{"class":115},[44,53446,3111],{"class":77},[44,53448,129],{"class":115},[44,53450,3116],{"class":77},[44,53452,129],{"class":115},[44,53454,3744],{"class":115},[44,53456,2183],{"class":77},[44,53458,129],{"class":115},[44,53460,2579],{"class":77},[44,53462,53372],{"class":115},[20,53464,341,53465,53468],{},[15,53466,53467],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53470,53471,53472,53478],{},"This is different from ",[200,53473,53475],{"href":53474},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53476,53477],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[30,53480,53482],{"id":53481},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53484,53485],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1474,53487,8556,53489],{"id":53488},"using-append",[15,53490,52782],{},[35,53492,53493],{"className":37,"code":53383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53494,53495,53511,53529,53533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53496,53497,53499,53501,53503,53505,53507,53509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53498,3739],{"class":50},[44,53500,55],{"class":54},[44,53502,3744],{"class":115},[44,53504,3111],{"class":77},[44,53506,129],{"class":115},[44,53508,3116],{"class":77},[44,53510,3757],{"class":115},[44,53512,53513,53515,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53514,3771],{"class":50},[44,53516,116],{"class":115},[44,53518,13691],{"class":119},[44,53520,3108],{"class":115},[44,53522,2183],{"class":77},[44,53524,129],{"class":115},[44,53526,2579],{"class":77},[44,53528,4015],{"class":115},[44,53530,53531],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,53532,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53534,53535,53537,53539,53541],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,53536,142],{"class":141},[44,53538,123],{"class":115},[44,53540,3771],{"class":119},[44,53542,135],{"class":115},[20,53544,155],{},[35,53546,53547],{"className":37,"code":53438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53548,53549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53550,53551,53553,53555,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53552,4027],{"class":115},[44,53554,3111],{"class":77},[44,53556,129],{"class":115},[44,53558,3116],{"class":77},[44,53560,129],{"class":115},[44,53562,3744],{"class":115},[44,53564,2183],{"class":77},[44,53566,129],{"class":115},[44,53568,2579],{"class":77},[44,53570,53372],{"class":115},[1474,53572,8556,53574],{"id":53573},"using-extend",[15,53575,53576],{},"extend()",[35,53578,53580],{"className":37,"code":53579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53581,53582,53598,53617,53621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53583,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53585,3739],{"class":50},[44,53587,55],{"class":54},[44,53589,3744],{"class":115},[44,53591,3111],{"class":77},[44,53593,129],{"class":115},[44,53595,3116],{"class":77},[44,53597,3757],{"class":115},[44,53599,53600,53602,53604,53607,53609,53611,53613,53615],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53601,3771],{"class":50},[44,53603,116],{"class":115},[44,53605,53606],{"class":119},"extend",[44,53608,3108],{"class":115},[44,53610,2183],{"class":77},[44,53612,129],{"class":115},[44,53614,2579],{"class":77},[44,53616,4015],{"class":115},[44,53618,53619],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,53620,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53622,53623,53625,53627,53629],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,53624,142],{"class":141},[44,53626,123],{"class":115},[44,53628,3771],{"class":119},[44,53630,135],{"class":115},[20,53632,155],{},[35,53634,53636],{"className":37,"code":53635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53637,53638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53639,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648,53650,53652,53654,53656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53641,4027],{"class":115},[44,53643,3111],{"class":77},[44,53645,129],{"class":115},[44,53647,3116],{"class":77},[44,53649,129],{"class":115},[44,53651,2573],{"class":77},[44,53653,129],{"class":115},[44,53655,2579],{"class":77},[44,53657,3757],{"class":115},[20,53659,53660],{},"The difference:",[218,53662,53663,53669,53675,53680],{},[221,53664,53665,53668],{},[15,53666,53667],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[221,53670,53671,53674],{},[15,53672,53673],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[221,53676,189,53677,53679],{},[15,53678,52782],{}," for one item",[221,53681,189,53682,53684],{},[15,53683,53576],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53686,53687,53688,116],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[200,53689,53690],{"href":53474},"Python list extend() method",[30,53692,4648],{"id":4647},[1474,53694,53696],{"id":53695},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53698,25825],{},[35,53700,53702],{"className":37,"code":53701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53703,53704,53724,53742,53746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53705,53706,53708,53710,53712,53714,53716,53718,53720,53722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53707,7917],{"class":50},[44,53709,55],{"class":54},[44,53711,3744],{"class":115},[44,53713,3111],{"class":77},[44,53715,129],{"class":115},[44,53717,3116],{"class":77},[44,53719,129],{"class":115},[44,53721,2573],{"class":77},[44,53723,3757],{"class":115},[44,53725,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53727,7917],{"class":50},[44,53729,55],{"class":54},[44,53731,6101],{"class":50},[44,53733,116],{"class":115},[44,53735,13691],{"class":119},[44,53737,123],{"class":115},[44,53739,2626],{"class":77},[44,53741,135],{"class":115},[44,53743,53744],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,53745,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53747,53748,53750,53752,53754],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,53749,142],{"class":141},[44,53751,123],{"class":115},[44,53753,7948],{"class":119},[44,53755,135],{"class":115},[20,53757,155],{},[35,53759,53760],{"className":37,"code":11948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53761,53762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53763,53764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53765,11948],{"class":3978},[20,53767,12040],{},[218,53769,53770,53775,53781],{},[221,53771,53772,53774],{},[15,53773,52782],{}," changes the list in place",[221,53776,53777,2518,53779],{},[15,53778,52782],{},[15,53780,3904],{},[221,53782,53783,53784,53787,53788],{},"So ",[15,53785,53786],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53789,3904],{},[20,53791,10947],{},[35,53793,53795],{"className":37,"code":53794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53796,53797,53817,53831,53835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53798,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809,53811,53813,53815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53800,7917],{"class":50},[44,53802,55],{"class":54},[44,53804,3744],{"class":115},[44,53806,3111],{"class":77},[44,53808,129],{"class":115},[44,53810,3116],{"class":77},[44,53812,129],{"class":115},[44,53814,2573],{"class":77},[44,53816,3757],{"class":115},[44,53818,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53820,7948],{"class":50},[44,53822,116],{"class":115},[44,53824,13691],{"class":119},[44,53826,123],{"class":115},[44,53828,2626],{"class":77},[44,53830,135],{"class":115},[44,53832,53833],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,53834,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53836,53837,53839,53841,53843],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,53838,142],{"class":141},[44,53840,123],{"class":115},[44,53842,7948],{"class":119},[44,53844,135],{"class":115},[20,53846,155],{},[35,53848,53849],{"className":37,"code":53635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53850,53851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53852,53853,53855,53857,53859,53861,53863,53865,53867,53869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53854,4027],{"class":115},[44,53856,3111],{"class":77},[44,53858,129],{"class":115},[44,53860,3116],{"class":77},[44,53862,129],{"class":115},[44,53864,2573],{"class":77},[44,53866,129],{"class":115},[44,53868,2579],{"class":77},[44,53870,3757],{"class":115},[1474,53872,53874],{"id":53873},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53876,19051],{},[35,53878,53880],{"className":37,"code":53879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53881,53882,53906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53883,53884,53886,53888,53890,53892,53894,53896,53898,53900,53902,53904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53885,32019],{"class":50},[44,53887,55],{"class":54},[44,53889,3744],{"class":115},[44,53891,3111],{"class":77},[44,53893,129],{"class":115},[44,53895,3116],{"class":77},[44,53897,13688],{"class":115},[44,53899,13691],{"class":119},[44,53901,123],{"class":115},[44,53903,2183],{"class":77},[44,53905,135],{"class":115},[44,53907,53908,53910,53912,53914],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53909,142],{"class":141},[44,53911,123],{"class":115},[44,53913,32038],{"class":119},[44,53915,135],{"class":115},[20,53917,155],{},[35,53919,53920],{"className":37,"code":11948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53921,53922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53923,53924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53925,11948],{"class":3978},[20,53927,53928,53929,53931],{},"Remember: ",[15,53930,52782],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1474,53933,53935],{"id":53934},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,53937,53938],{"className":37,"code":53383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53939,53940,53956,53974,53978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53941,53942,53944,53946,53948,53950,53952,53954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53943,3739],{"class":50},[44,53945,55],{"class":54},[44,53947,3744],{"class":115},[44,53949,3111],{"class":77},[44,53951,129],{"class":115},[44,53953,3116],{"class":77},[44,53955,3757],{"class":115},[44,53957,53958,53960,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,53959,3771],{"class":50},[44,53961,116],{"class":115},[44,53963,13691],{"class":119},[44,53965,3108],{"class":115},[44,53967,2183],{"class":77},[44,53969,129],{"class":115},[44,53971,2579],{"class":77},[44,53973,4015],{"class":115},[44,53975,53976],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,53977,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,53979,53980,53982,53984,53986],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,53981,142],{"class":141},[44,53983,123],{"class":115},[44,53985,3771],{"class":119},[44,53987,135],{"class":115},[20,53989,155],{},[35,53991,53992],{"className":37,"code":53438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53993,53994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53995,53996,53998,54000,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53997,4027],{"class":115},[44,53999,3111],{"class":77},[44,54001,129],{"class":115},[44,54003,3116],{"class":77},[44,54005,129],{"class":115},[44,54007,3744],{"class":115},[44,54009,2183],{"class":77},[44,54011,129],{"class":115},[44,54013,2579],{"class":77},[44,54015,53372],{"class":115},[20,54017,3294,54018,54021,54022,6768],{},[15,54019,54020],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,54023,53576],{},[1474,54025,54027],{"id":54026},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,54029,54030,54032],{},[15,54031,52782],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,54034,54035,54036,116],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[200,54037,54039],{"href":54038},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,54040,54041],{},"list.insert()",[20,54043,238],{},[35,54045,54047],{"className":37,"code":54046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,54048,54049,54073,54096,54100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54050,54051,54053,54055,54057,54059,54061,54063,54065,54067,54069,54071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54052,36227],{"class":50},[44,54054,55],{"class":54},[44,54056,3744],{"class":115},[44,54058,112],{"class":58},[44,54060,200],{"class":62},[44,54062,112],{"class":58},[44,54064,129],{"class":115},[44,54066,59],{"class":58},[44,54068,9878],{"class":62},[44,54070,112],{"class":58},[44,54072,3757],{"class":115},[44,54074,54075,54077,54079,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090,54092,54094],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54076,36280],{"class":50},[44,54078,116],{"class":115},[44,54080,54081],{"class":119},"insert",[44,54083,123],{"class":115},[44,54085,3111],{"class":77},[44,54087,129],{"class":115},[44,54089,59],{"class":58},[44,54091,4891],{"class":62},[44,54093,112],{"class":58},[44,54095,135],{"class":115},[44,54097,54098],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,54099,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54101,54102,54104,54106,54108],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,54103,142],{"class":141},[44,54105,123],{"class":115},[44,54107,36280],{"class":119},[44,54109,135],{"class":115},[20,54111,155],{},[35,54113,54114],{"className":37,"code":43012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54115,54116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54117,54118,54120,54122,54124,54126,54128,54130,54132,54134,54136,54138,54140,54142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54119,4027],{"class":115},[44,54121,1338],{"class":58},[44,54123,200],{"class":62},[44,54125,1338],{"class":58},[44,54127,129],{"class":115},[44,54129,1332],{"class":58},[44,54131,4891],{"class":62},[44,54133,1338],{"class":58},[44,54135,129],{"class":115},[44,54137,1332],{"class":58},[44,54139,9878],{"class":62},[44,54141,1338],{"class":58},[44,54143,3757],{"class":115},[30,54145,54147],{"id":54146},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54149,54150,54152],{},[15,54151,52782],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54154,36563],{},[218,54156,54157,54160,54163,54166],{},[221,54158,54159],{},"building a list in a loop",[221,54161,54162],{},"collecting user input",[221,54164,54165],{},"storing results step by step",[221,54167,54168],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54170,54171],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,54173,54175],{"className":37,"code":54174,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54176,54177,54186,54190,54211,54230,54234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54178,54179,54182,54184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54180,54181],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,54183,55],{"class":54},[44,54185,7977],{"class":115},[44,54187,54188],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54189,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54191,54192,54194,54196,54198,54201,54203,54205,54207,54209],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,54193,6093],{"class":4003},[44,54195,6523],{"class":50},[44,54197,887],{"class":4003},[44,54199,54200],{"class":141}," range",[44,54202,123],{"class":115},[44,54204,3111],{"class":77},[44,54206,129],{"class":115},[44,54208,4735],{"class":77},[44,54210,8480],{"class":115},[44,54212,54213,54216,54218,54220,54222,54224,54226,54228],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,54214,54215],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,54217,116],{"class":115},[44,54219,13691],{"class":119},[44,54221,123],{"class":115},[44,54223,2338],{"class":119},[44,54225,40010],{"class":54},[44,54227,2318],{"class":119},[44,54229,135],{"class":115},[44,54231,54232],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,54233,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54235,54236,54238,54240,54243],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,54237,142],{"class":141},[44,54239,123],{"class":115},[44,54241,54242],{"class":119},"squares",[44,54244,135],{"class":115},[20,54246,155],{},[35,54248,54250],{"className":37,"code":54249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54251,54252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54253,54254,54256,54258,54260,54262,54264,54267,54269,54271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54255,4027],{"class":115},[44,54257,3111],{"class":77},[44,54259,129],{"class":115},[44,54261,2579],{"class":77},[44,54263,129],{"class":115},[44,54265,54266],{"class":77}," 9",[44,54268,129],{"class":115},[44,54270,14125],{"class":77},[44,54272,3757],{"class":115},[30,54274,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,54276,54278],{"id":54277},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54280,46498,54281,54283,54284,116],{},[15,54282,52782],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54285,3904],{},[1474,54287,54289],{"id":54288},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54291,54292,54293,116],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[200,54294,54295],{"href":53474},[15,54296,53576],{},[1474,54298,54300],{"id":54299},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54302,54303],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54305,238],{},[35,54307,54309],{"className":37,"code":54308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54310,54311,54327,54345,54349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54312,54313,54315,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54314,9306],{"class":50},[44,54316,55],{"class":54},[44,54318,3744],{"class":115},[44,54320,3111],{"class":77},[44,54322,129],{"class":115},[44,54324,3116],{"class":77},[44,54326,3757],{"class":115},[44,54328,54329,54331,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341,54343],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54330,9343],{"class":50},[44,54332,116],{"class":115},[44,54334,13691],{"class":119},[44,54336,3108],{"class":115},[44,54338,2183],{"class":77},[44,54340,129],{"class":115},[44,54342,2579],{"class":77},[44,54344,4015],{"class":115},[44,54346,54347],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,54348,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54350,54351,54353,54355,54357],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,54352,142],{"class":141},[44,54354,123],{"class":115},[44,54356,9343],{"class":119},[44,54358,135],{"class":115},[20,54360,155],{},[35,54362,54363],{"className":37,"code":53438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54364,54365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54366,54367,54369,54371,54373,54375,54377,54379,54381,54383,54385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54368,4027],{"class":115},[44,54370,3111],{"class":77},[44,54372,129],{"class":115},[44,54374,3116],{"class":77},[44,54376,129],{"class":115},[44,54378,3744],{"class":115},[44,54380,2183],{"class":77},[44,54382,129],{"class":115},[44,54384,2579],{"class":77},[44,54386,53372],{"class":115},[1474,54388,54390],{"id":54389},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54392,54393,54395,54396,54399],{},[15,54394,52782],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54397,54398],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[30,54401,2019],{"id":2018},[218,54403,54404,54409,54413,54418,54422],{},[221,54405,54406],{},[200,54407,54408],{"href":53178},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[221,54410,54411],{},[200,54412,53690],{"href":53474},[221,54414,54415],{},[200,54416,54417],{"href":54038},"Python list insert() method",[221,54419,54420],{},[200,54421,52901],{"href":51109},[221,54423,54424],{},[200,54425,54427],{"href":54426},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2048,54429,54430],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":54432},[54433,54434,54435,54436,54437,54438,54444,54450,54451,54457],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":52861,"depth":69,"text":52862},{"id":5564,"depth":69,"text":5565},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":53182,"depth":69,"text":53183},{"id":53481,"depth":69,"text":53482,"children":54439},[54440,54442],{"id":53488,"depth":81,"text":54441},"Using append()",{"id":53573,"depth":81,"text":54443},"Using extend()",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":54445},[54446,54447,54448,54449],{"id":53695,"depth":81,"text":53696},{"id":53873,"depth":81,"text":53874},{"id":53934,"depth":81,"text":53935},{"id":54026,"depth":81,"text":54027},{"id":54146,"depth":69,"text":54147},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":54452},[54453,54454,54455,54456],{"id":54277,"depth":81,"text":54278},{"id":54288,"depth":81,"text":54289},{"id":54299,"depth":81,"text":54300},{"id":54389,"depth":81,"text":54390},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52772,"description":54458},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54465,"title":54466,"body":54467,"description":55711,"extension":2084,"meta":55712,"navigation":84,"path":55713,"seo":55714,"stem":55715,"__hash__":55716},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54468,"toc":55676},[54469,54475,54481,54487,54489,54537,54542,54547,54551,54567,54573,54575,54578,54593,54595,54606,54608,54610,54667,54669,54677,54679,54695,54701,54703,54709,54713,54797,54800,54849,54856,54864,54867,54881,54894,54900,54975,54982,54989,55063,55071,55074,55085,55094,55098,55102,55113,55115,55192,55213,55215,55225,55228,55276,55278,55299,55302,55304,55355,55361,55368,55435,55441,55447,55450,55477,55482,55488,55491,55563,55566,55577,55583,55585,55591,55594,55600,55606,55613,55621,55627,55633,55635,55673],[10,54470,54472,54473,18],{"id":54471},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54474,11462],{},[20,54476,54477,54480],{},[15,54478,54479],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54482,54483,54484,54486],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[153,54485,11474],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[30,54488,3729],{"id":3728},[35,54490,54492],{"className":37,"code":54491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54493,54494,54514,54524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54495,54496,54498,54500,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54497,7917],{"class":50},[44,54499,55],{"class":54},[44,54501,3744],{"class":115},[44,54503,3111],{"class":77},[44,54505,129],{"class":115},[44,54507,3116],{"class":77},[44,54509,129],{"class":115},[44,54511,2573],{"class":77},[44,54513,3757],{"class":115},[44,54515,54516,54518,54520,54522],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54517,7948],{"class":50},[44,54519,116],{"class":115},[44,54521,11523],{"class":119},[44,54523,8782],{"class":115},[44,54525,54526,54528,54530,54532,54534],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,54527,142],{"class":141},[44,54529,123],{"class":115},[44,54531,7948],{"class":119},[44,54533,3784],{"class":115},[44,54535,54536],{"class":3787},"  # []\n",[20,54538,189,54539,54541],{},[15,54540,11462],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[30,54543,3802,54545,3805],{"id":54544},"what-listclear-does",[15,54546,54479],{},[20,54548,54549,790],{},[15,54550,54479],{},[218,54552,54553,54556,54559,54564],{},[221,54554,54555],{},"Removes every item from a list",[221,54557,54558],{},"Changes the original list in place",[221,54560,54561,54562],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54563,3913],{},[221,54565,54566],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54568,54569,54570,54572],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54571,11462],{},", but it contains no values.",[30,54574,351],{"id":350},[20,54576,54577],{},"Syntax:",[35,54579,54581],{"className":37,"code":54580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54582,54583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54584,54585,54587,54589,54591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54586,8477],{"class":50},[44,54588,116],{"class":115},[44,54590,11523],{"class":119},[44,54592,8782],{"class":115},[20,54594,11598],{},[218,54596,54597,54600,54603],{},[221,54598,54599],{},"Call it on a list object",[221,54601,54602],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[221,54604,54605],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[30,54607,11615],{"id":11614},[20,54609,11618],{},[35,54611,54613],{"className":37,"code":54612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54614,54615,54639,54643,54653,54657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54616,54617,54619,54621,54623,54625,54627,54629,54631,54633,54635,54637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54618,3739],{"class":50},[44,54620,55],{"class":54},[44,54622,3744],{"class":115},[44,54624,2451],{"class":77},[44,54626,129],{"class":115},[44,54628,7928],{"class":77},[44,54630,129],{"class":115},[44,54632,7933],{"class":77},[44,54634,129],{"class":115},[44,54636,50974],{"class":77},[44,54638,3757],{"class":115},[44,54640,54641],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54642,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54644,54645,54647,54649,54651],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,54646,3771],{"class":50},[44,54648,116],{"class":115},[44,54650,11523],{"class":119},[44,54652,8782],{"class":115},[44,54654,54655],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,54656,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54658,54659,54661,54663,54665],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,54660,142],{"class":141},[44,54662,123],{"class":115},[44,54664,3771],{"class":119},[44,54666,135],{"class":115},[20,54668,155],{},[35,54670,54671],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54672,54673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54674,54675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54676,38434],{"class":115},[20,54678,11823],{},[218,54680,54681,54686,54692],{},[221,54682,54683,54685],{},[15,54684,3771],{}," starts with four items",[221,54687,54688,54691],{},[15,54689,54690],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[221,54693,54694],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54696,54697,54698,116],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[200,54699,52901],{"href":54700},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[30,54702,1219],{"id":1218},[20,54704,54705,2518,54707,116],{},[15,54706,11462],{},[15,54708,3904],{},[20,54710,41043,54711,52797],{},[153,54712,4761],{},[35,54714,54716],{"className":37,"code":54715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54717,54718,54750,54754,54768,54772,54785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54719,54720,54722,54724,54726,54728,54730,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746,54748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54721,7917],{"class":50},[44,54723,55],{"class":54},[44,54725,3744],{"class":115},[44,54727,112],{"class":58},[44,54729,200],{"class":62},[44,54731,112],{"class":58},[44,54733,129],{"class":115},[44,54735,59],{"class":58},[44,54737,4891],{"class":62},[44,54739,112],{"class":58},[44,54741,129],{"class":115},[44,54743,59],{"class":58},[44,54745,9878],{"class":62},[44,54747,112],{"class":58},[44,54749,3757],{"class":115},[44,54751,54752],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54753,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54755,54756,54758,54760,54762,54764,54766],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,54757,2351],{"class":50},[44,54759,55],{"class":54},[44,54761,6101],{"class":50},[44,54763,116],{"class":115},[44,54765,11523],{"class":119},[44,54767,8782],{"class":115},[44,54769,54770],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,54771,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54773,54774,54776,54778,54780,54782],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,54775,142],{"class":141},[44,54777,123],{"class":115},[44,54779,7948],{"class":119},[44,54781,3784],{"class":115},[44,54783,54784],{"class":3787},"   # []\n",[44,54786,54787,54789,54791,54793,54795],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,54788,142],{"class":141},[44,54790,123],{"class":115},[44,54792,2386],{"class":119},[44,54794,3784],{"class":115},[44,54796,21013],{"class":3787},[20,54798,54799],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,54801,54803],{"className":37,"code":54802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54804,54805,54825,54839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54806,54807,54809,54811,54813,54815,54817,54819,54821,54823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54808,7917],{"class":50},[44,54810,55],{"class":54},[44,54812,3744],{"class":115},[44,54814,3111],{"class":77},[44,54816,129],{"class":115},[44,54818,3116],{"class":77},[44,54820,129],{"class":115},[44,54822,2573],{"class":77},[44,54824,3757],{"class":115},[44,54826,54827,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54828,7917],{"class":50},[44,54830,55],{"class":54},[44,54832,6101],{"class":50},[44,54834,116],{"class":115},[44,54836,11523],{"class":119},[44,54838,8782],{"class":115},[44,54840,54841,54843,54845,54847],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,54842,142],{"class":141},[44,54844,123],{"class":115},[44,54846,7948],{"class":119},[44,54848,135],{"class":115},[20,54850,12056,54851,42293,54853,54855],{},[15,54852,7948],{},[15,54854,3904],{},", not an empty list.",[30,54857,54859,54861,54862],{"id":54858},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54860,11462],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54863,3913],{},[20,54865,54866],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,54868,54869],{"className":37,"code":54580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54870,54871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54872,54873,54875,54877,54879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54874,8477],{"class":50},[44,54876,116],{"class":115},[44,54878,11523],{"class":119},[44,54880,8782],{"class":115},[35,54882,54884],{"className":37,"code":54883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,54885,54886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54887,54888,54890,54892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54889,8446],{"class":50},[44,54891,55],{"class":54},[44,54893,7977],{"class":115},[1474,54895,54897,54899],{"id":54896},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54898,11462],{}," empties the same list object",[35,54901,54903],{"className":37,"code":54902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54904,54905,54925,54933,54937,54947,54951,54963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54906,54907,54909,54911,54913,54915,54917,54919,54921,54923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54908,2676],{"class":50},[44,54910,55],{"class":54},[44,54912,3744],{"class":115},[44,54914,3111],{"class":77},[44,54916,129],{"class":115},[44,54918,3116],{"class":77},[44,54920,129],{"class":115},[44,54922,2573],{"class":77},[44,54924,3757],{"class":115},[44,54926,54927,54929,54931],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,54928,2704],{"class":50},[44,54930,55],{"class":54},[44,54932,36312],{"class":50},[44,54934,54935],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,54936,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54938,54939,54941,54943,54945],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,54940,200],{"class":50},[44,54942,116],{"class":115},[44,54944,11523],{"class":119},[44,54946,8782],{"class":115},[44,54948,54949],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,54950,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,54952,54953,54955,54957,54959,54961],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,54954,142],{"class":141},[44,54956,123],{"class":115},[44,54958,200],{"class":119},[44,54960,3784],{"class":115},[44,54962,54536],{"class":3787},[44,54964,54965,54967,54969,54971,54973],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,54966,142],{"class":141},[44,54968,123],{"class":115},[44,54970,4891],{"class":119},[44,54972,3784],{"class":115},[44,54974,54536],{"class":3787},[20,54976,10729,54977,536,54979,54981],{},[15,54978,200],{},[15,54980,4891],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1474,54983,54985,54988],{"id":54984},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54986,54987],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,54990,54992],{"className":37,"code":54991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54993,54994,55014,55022,55026,55034,55038,55050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54995,54996,54998,55000,55002,55004,55006,55008,55010,55012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54997,2676],{"class":50},[44,54999,55],{"class":54},[44,55001,3744],{"class":115},[44,55003,3111],{"class":77},[44,55005,129],{"class":115},[44,55007,3116],{"class":77},[44,55009,129],{"class":115},[44,55011,2573],{"class":77},[44,55013,3757],{"class":115},[44,55015,55016,55018,55020],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55017,2704],{"class":50},[44,55019,55],{"class":54},[44,55021,36312],{"class":50},[44,55023,55024],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,55025,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55027,55028,55030,55032],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,55029,2676],{"class":50},[44,55031,55],{"class":54},[44,55033,7977],{"class":115},[44,55035,55036],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,55037,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55039,55040,55042,55044,55046,55048],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,55041,142],{"class":141},[44,55043,123],{"class":115},[44,55045,200],{"class":119},[44,55047,3784],{"class":115},[44,55049,54536],{"class":3787},[44,55051,55052,55054,55056,55058,55060],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,55053,142],{"class":141},[44,55055,123],{"class":115},[44,55057,4891],{"class":119},[44,55059,3784],{"class":115},[44,55061,55062],{"class":3787},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55064,20908,55065,55067,55068,55070],{},[15,55066,200],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55069,4891],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55072,55073],{},"This difference matters when:",[218,55075,55076,55079,55082],{},[221,55077,55078],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[221,55080,55081],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[221,55083,55084],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55086,55087,55088,116],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[200,55089,55091,55092,10880],{"href":55090},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55093,12916],{},[30,55095,5092,55096],{"id":12577},[15,55097,11462],{},[20,55099,189,55100,6454],{},[15,55101,11462],{},[218,55103,55104,55107,55110],{},[221,55105,55106],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[221,55108,55109],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[221,55111,55112],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55114,238],{},[35,55116,55118],{"className":37,"code":55117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55119,55120,55156,55160,55165,55176,55180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55121,55122,55125,55127,55129,55131,55134,55136,55138,55140,55143,55145,55147,55149,55152,55154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55123,55124],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,55126,55],{"class":54},[44,55128,3744],{"class":115},[44,55130,112],{"class":58},[44,55132,55133],{"class":62},"milk",[44,55135,112],{"class":58},[44,55137,129],{"class":115},[44,55139,59],{"class":58},[44,55141,55142],{"class":62},"bread",[44,55144,112],{"class":58},[44,55146,129],{"class":115},[44,55148,59],{"class":58},[44,55150,55151],{"class":62},"eggs",[44,55153,112],{"class":58},[44,55155,3757],{"class":115},[44,55157,55158],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55159,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55161,55162],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,55163,55164],{"class":3787},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,55166,55167,55170,55172,55174],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,55168,55169],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,55171,116],{"class":115},[44,55173,11523],{"class":119},[44,55175,8782],{"class":115},[44,55177,55178],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,55179,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55181,55182,55184,55186,55188,55190],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,55183,142],{"class":141},[44,55185,123],{"class":115},[44,55187,55169],{"class":119},[44,55189,3784],{"class":115},[44,55191,54536],{"class":3787},[20,55193,55194,55195,55199,55200,55206,55207,116],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[200,55196,55198],{"href":55197},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[200,55201,55203,10880],{"href":55202},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55204,55205],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[200,55208,55210,10880],{"href":55209},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55211,55212],{},"list.pop()",[30,55214,4648],{"id":4647},[1474,55216,55218,55219,11232,55222],{"id":55217},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55220,55221],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55223,55224],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55226,55227],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,55229,55231],{"className":37,"code":55230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55232,55233,55253,55257,55266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55234,55235,55237,55239,55241,55243,55245,55247,55249,55251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55236,7917],{"class":50},[44,55238,55],{"class":54},[44,55240,3744],{"class":115},[44,55242,3111],{"class":77},[44,55244,129],{"class":115},[44,55246,3116],{"class":77},[44,55248,129],{"class":115},[44,55250,2573],{"class":77},[44,55252,3757],{"class":115},[44,55254,55255],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55256,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55258,55259,55261,55263],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,55260,7948],{"class":50},[44,55262,116],{"class":115},[44,55264,55265],{"class":685},"clear\n",[44,55267,55268,55270,55272,55274],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,55269,142],{"class":141},[44,55271,123],{"class":115},[44,55273,7948],{"class":119},[44,55275,135],{"class":115},[20,55277,155],{},[35,55279,55281],{"className":37,"code":55280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55282,55283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55284,55285,55287,55289,55291,55293,55295,55297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55286,4027],{"class":115},[44,55288,3111],{"class":77},[44,55290,129],{"class":115},[44,55292,3116],{"class":77},[44,55294,129],{"class":115},[44,55296,2573],{"class":77},[44,55298,3757],{"class":115},[20,55300,55301],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55303,10947],{},[35,55305,55307],{"className":37,"code":55306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55308,55309,55329,55333,55343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55310,55311,55313,55315,55317,55319,55321,55323,55325,55327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55312,7917],{"class":50},[44,55314,55],{"class":54},[44,55316,3744],{"class":115},[44,55318,3111],{"class":77},[44,55320,129],{"class":115},[44,55322,3116],{"class":77},[44,55324,129],{"class":115},[44,55326,2573],{"class":77},[44,55328,3757],{"class":115},[44,55330,55331],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55332,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55334,55335,55337,55339,55341],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,55336,7948],{"class":50},[44,55338,116],{"class":115},[44,55340,11523],{"class":119},[44,55342,8782],{"class":115},[44,55344,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,55346,142],{"class":141},[44,55348,123],{"class":115},[44,55350,7948],{"class":119},[44,55352,3784],{"class":115},[44,55354,54536],{"class":3787},[1474,55356,1707,55358,55360],{"id":55357},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55359,11462],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55362,55363,2518,55365,55367],{},[15,55364,11462],{},[15,55366,3904],{},", not the list.",[35,55369,55371],{"className":37,"code":55370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55372,55373,55393,55407,55411,55423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55374,55375,55377,55379,55381,55383,55385,55387,55389,55391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55376,7917],{"class":50},[44,55378,55],{"class":54},[44,55380,3744],{"class":115},[44,55382,3111],{"class":77},[44,55384,129],{"class":115},[44,55386,3116],{"class":77},[44,55388,129],{"class":115},[44,55390,2573],{"class":77},[44,55392,3757],{"class":115},[44,55394,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55396,2351],{"class":50},[44,55398,55],{"class":54},[44,55400,6101],{"class":50},[44,55402,116],{"class":115},[44,55404,11523],{"class":119},[44,55406,8782],{"class":115},[44,55408,55409],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,55410,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55412,55413,55415,55417,55419,55421],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,55414,142],{"class":141},[44,55416,123],{"class":115},[44,55418,2386],{"class":119},[44,55420,3784],{"class":115},[44,55422,21013],{"class":3787},[44,55424,55425,55427,55429,55431,55433],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,55426,142],{"class":141},[44,55428,123],{"class":115},[44,55430,7948],{"class":119},[44,55432,3784],{"class":115},[44,55434,54784],{"class":3787},[1474,55436,8556,55438,55440],{"id":55437},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55439,11462],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55442,55443,55444,55446],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55445,11462],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55448,55449],{},"This will fail:",[35,55451,55453],{"className":37,"code":55452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55454,55455,55467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55456,55457,55459,55461,55463,55465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55458,248],{"class":50},[44,55460,55],{"class":54},[44,55462,59],{"class":58},[44,55464,3971],{"class":62},[44,55466,66],{"class":58},[44,55468,55469,55471,55473,55475],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55470,308],{"class":50},[44,55472,116],{"class":115},[44,55474,11523],{"class":119},[44,55476,8782],{"class":115},[20,55478,55479,55480,33737],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55481,11462],{},[20,55483,55484,55485,55487],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55486,3904],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55489,55490],{},"Useful checks:",[35,55492,55494],{"className":37,"code":55493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55495,55496,55506,55520,55534,55543,55553],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55497,55498,55500,55502,55504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55499,142],{"class":141},[44,55501,123],{"class":115},[44,55503,8477],{"class":119},[44,55505,135],{"class":115},[44,55507,55508,55510,55512,55514,55516,55518],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55509,142],{"class":141},[44,55511,123],{"class":115},[44,55513,1297],{"class":1296},[44,55515,123],{"class":115},[44,55517,8477],{"class":119},[44,55519,567],{"class":115},[44,55521,55522,55524,55526,55528,55530,55532],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,55523,142],{"class":141},[44,55525,123],{"class":115},[44,55527,12789],{"class":141},[44,55529,123],{"class":115},[44,55531,8477],{"class":119},[44,55533,567],{"class":115},[44,55535,55536,55538,55540],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,55537,43683],{"class":50},[44,55539,55],{"class":54},[44,55541,55542],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,55544,55545,55547,55549,55551],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,55546,8477],{"class":50},[44,55548,116],{"class":115},[44,55550,11523],{"class":119},[44,55552,8782],{"class":115},[44,55554,55555,55557,55559,55561],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,55556,142],{"class":141},[44,55558,123],{"class":115},[44,55560,30880],{"class":119},[44,55562,135],{"class":115},[20,55564,55565],{},"These can help you see:",[218,55567,55568,55571,55574],{},[221,55569,55570],{},"What the variable currently contains",[221,55572,55573],{},"Whether it is really a list",[221,55575,55576],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55578,55579,55580,116],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[200,55581,55582],{"href":54426},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[30,55584,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,55586,12844,55588,55590],{"id":55587},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55589,54479],{}," delete the list?",[20,55592,55593],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1474,55595,12844,55597,55599],{"id":55596},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55598,54479],{}," return a new list?",[20,55601,55602,55603,55605],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55604,3904],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1474,55607,5312,55609,536,55611,1995],{"id":55608},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55610,11462],{},[15,55612,54987],{},[20,55614,55615,55617,55618,55620],{},[15,55616,11462],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55619,54987],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1474,55622,28464,55624,55626],{"id":55623},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55625,11462],{}," on other types?",[20,55628,55629,55630,55632],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55631,11462],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[30,55634,2019],{"id":2018},[218,55636,55637,55641,55646,55653,55660,55666],{},[221,55638,55639],{},[200,55640,52901],{"href":54700},[221,55642,55643],{},[200,55644,55645],{"href":55197},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[221,55647,55648],{},[200,55649,55650,55651,10880],{"href":55209},"Python list ",[15,55652,12902],{},[221,55654,55655],{},[200,55656,55650,55657,10880],{"href":55202},[15,55658,55659],{},"remove()",[221,55661,55662],{},[200,55663,55650,55664,10880],{"href":55090},[15,55665,12916],{},[221,55667,55668],{},[200,55669,30484,55670,33770],{"href":54426},[15,55671,55672],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2048,55674,55675],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":55677},[55678,55679,55681,55682,55683,55684,55691,55692,55700,55710],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":54544,"depth":69,"text":55680},"What list.clear() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":54858,"depth":69,"text":55685,"children":55686},"clear() vs assigning []",[55687,55689],{"id":54896,"depth":81,"text":55688},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54984,"depth":81,"text":55690},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12577,"depth":69,"text":12948},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":55693},[55694,55696,55698],{"id":55217,"depth":81,"text":55695},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55357,"depth":81,"text":55697},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55437,"depth":81,"text":55699},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":55701},[55702,55704,55706,55708],{"id":55587,"depth":81,"text":55703},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55596,"depth":81,"text":55705},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55608,"depth":81,"text":55707},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55623,"depth":81,"text":55709},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54466,"description":55711},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55718,"title":55719,"body":55720,"description":57405,"extension":2084,"meta":57406,"navigation":84,"path":57407,"seo":57408,"stem":57409,"__hash__":57410},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55721,"toc":57373},[55722,55727,55733,55741,55743,55832,55839,55844,55848,55862,55864,55941,55943,56004,56007,56009,56011,56032,56035,56049,56052,56097,56099,56107,56110,56116,56122,56125,56202,56204,56249,56252,56257,56340,56342,56383,56388,56392,56398,56400,56408,56411,56504,56506,56564,56567,56583,56588,56598,56603,56605,56610,56615,56618,56620,56677,56680,56733,56739,56744,56748,56765,56767,56851,56853,56894,56902,56904,56909,56915,56917,56980,56985,57055,57059,57094,57097,57099,57138,57142,57218,57224,57230,57235,57257,57260,57279,57287,57289,57295,57298,57305,57313,57318,57321,57325,57331,57339,57342,57344,57370],[10,55723,54472,55725,18],{"id":55724},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55726,12916],{},[20,55728,55729,55732],{},[15,55730,55731],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55734,55735,55736,14191,55738,55740],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55737,55],{},[153,55739,4761],{}," make a real copy.",[30,55742,33],{"id":32},[35,55744,55746],{"className":37,"code":55745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55747,55748,55768,55783,55787,55802,55806,55819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55749,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55751,3739],{"class":50},[44,55753,55],{"class":54},[44,55755,3744],{"class":115},[44,55757,3111],{"class":77},[44,55759,129],{"class":115},[44,55761,3116],{"class":77},[44,55763,129],{"class":115},[44,55765,2573],{"class":77},[44,55767,3757],{"class":115},[44,55769,55770,55773,55775,55777,55779,55781],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55771,55772],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,55774,55],{"class":54},[44,55776,4392],{"class":50},[44,55778,116],{"class":115},[44,55780,13050],{"class":119},[44,55782,8782],{"class":115},[44,55784,55785],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,55786,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55788,55789,55792,55794,55796,55798,55800],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,55790,55791],{"class":50},"new_numbers",[44,55793,116],{"class":115},[44,55795,13691],{"class":119},[44,55797,123],{"class":115},[44,55799,2626],{"class":77},[44,55801,135],{"class":115},[44,55803,55804],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,55805,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55807,55808,55810,55812,55814,55816],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,55809,142],{"class":141},[44,55811,123],{"class":115},[44,55813,3771],{"class":119},[44,55815,3784],{"class":115},[44,55817,55818],{"class":3787},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55820,55821,55823,55825,55827,55829],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,55822,142],{"class":141},[44,55824,123],{"class":115},[44,55826,55791],{"class":119},[44,55828,3784],{"class":115},[44,55830,55831],{"class":3787},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55833,189,55834,55836,55837,116],{},[15,55835,55731],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[153,55838,12990],{},[30,55840,3802,55842,3805],{"id":55841},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55843,55731],{},[20,55845,55846,790],{},[15,55847,55731],{},[218,55849,55850,55853,55856,55859],{},[221,55851,55852],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[221,55854,55855],{},"Returns that new list",[221,55857,55858],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[221,55860,55861],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55863,238],{},[35,55865,55867],{"className":37,"code":55866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55868,55869,55901,55916,55920,55930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55870,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885,55887,55889,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55872,36376],{"class":50},[44,55874,55],{"class":54},[44,55876,3744],{"class":115},[44,55878,112],{"class":58},[44,55880,4207],{"class":62},[44,55882,112],{"class":58},[44,55884,129],{"class":115},[44,55886,59],{"class":58},[44,55888,4216],{"class":62},[44,55890,112],{"class":58},[44,55892,129],{"class":115},[44,55894,59],{"class":58},[44,55896,33357],{"class":62},[44,55898,112],{"class":58},[44,55900,3757],{"class":115},[44,55902,55903,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55904,55905],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,55907,55],{"class":54},[44,55909,52981],{"class":50},[44,55911,116],{"class":115},[44,55913,13050],{"class":119},[44,55915,8782],{"class":115},[44,55917,55918],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,55919,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,55921,55922,55924,55926,55928],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,55923,142],{"class":141},[44,55925,123],{"class":115},[44,55927,36428],{"class":119},[44,55929,135],{"class":115},[44,55931,55932,55934,55936,55939],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,55933,142],{"class":141},[44,55935,123],{"class":115},[44,55937,55938],{"class":119},"copied_fruits",[44,55940,135],{"class":115},[20,55942,155],{},[35,55944,55946],{"className":37,"code":55945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55947,55948,55976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55949,55950,55952,55954,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964,55966,55968,55970,55972,55974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55951,4027],{"class":115},[44,55953,1338],{"class":58},[44,55955,4207],{"class":62},[44,55957,1338],{"class":58},[44,55959,129],{"class":115},[44,55961,1332],{"class":58},[44,55963,4216],{"class":62},[44,55965,1338],{"class":58},[44,55967,129],{"class":115},[44,55969,1332],{"class":58},[44,55971,33357],{"class":62},[44,55973,1338],{"class":58},[44,55975,3757],{"class":115},[44,55977,55978,55980,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,55979,4027],{"class":115},[44,55981,1338],{"class":58},[44,55983,4207],{"class":62},[44,55985,1338],{"class":58},[44,55987,129],{"class":115},[44,55989,1332],{"class":58},[44,55991,4216],{"class":62},[44,55993,1338],{"class":58},[44,55995,129],{"class":115},[44,55997,1332],{"class":58},[44,55999,33357],{"class":62},[44,56001,1338],{"class":58},[44,56003,3757],{"class":115},[20,56005,56006],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[30,56008,351],{"id":350},[20,56010,2280],{},[35,56012,56014],{"className":37,"code":56013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,56015,56016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56017,56018,56021,56023,56026,56028,56030],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56019,56020],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,56022,55],{"class":54},[44,56024,56025],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,56027,116],{"class":115},[44,56029,13050],{"class":119},[44,56031,8782],{"class":115},[20,56033,56034],{},"How it works:",[218,56036,56037,56043,56046],{},[221,56038,56039,56040,56042],{},"Call ",[15,56041,12916],{}," on an existing list",[221,56044,56045],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[221,56047,56048],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56050,56051],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,56053,56055],{"className":37,"code":56054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56056,56057,56066,56082,56086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56058,56059,56062,56064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56060,56061],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,56063,55],{"class":54},[44,56065,7977],{"class":115},[44,56067,56068,56071,56073,56076,56078,56080],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56069,56070],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,56072,55],{"class":54},[44,56074,56075],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,56077,116],{"class":115},[44,56079,13050],{"class":119},[44,56081,8782],{"class":115},[44,56083,56084],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,56085,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56087,56088,56090,56092,56095],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,56089,142],{"class":141},[44,56091,123],{"class":115},[44,56093,56094],{"class":119},"new_empty_list",[44,56096,135],{"class":115},[20,56098,155],{},[35,56100,56101],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,56102,56103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56104,56105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56106,38434],{"class":115},[20,56108,56109],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[30,56111,56113,56114],{"id":56112},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56115,55],{},[20,56117,8556,56118,14191,56120,52797],{},[15,56119,55],{},[153,56121,4761],{},[20,56123,56124],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,56126,56128],{"className":37,"code":56127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56129,56130,56150,56159,56163,56178,56182,56192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56131,56132,56134,56136,56138,56140,56142,56144,56146,56148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56133,3739],{"class":50},[44,56135,55],{"class":54},[44,56137,3744],{"class":115},[44,56139,3111],{"class":77},[44,56141,129],{"class":115},[44,56143,3116],{"class":77},[44,56145,129],{"class":115},[44,56147,2573],{"class":77},[44,56149,3757],{"class":115},[44,56151,56152,56155,56157],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56153,56154],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,56156,55],{"class":54},[44,56158,44116],{"class":50},[44,56160,56161],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,56162,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56164,56165,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,56166,56167],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,56169,116],{"class":115},[44,56171,13691],{"class":119},[44,56173,123],{"class":115},[44,56175,2626],{"class":77},[44,56177,135],{"class":115},[44,56179,56180],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,56181,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56183,56184,56186,56188,56190],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,56185,142],{"class":141},[44,56187,123],{"class":115},[44,56189,3771],{"class":119},[44,56191,135],{"class":115},[44,56193,56194,56196,56198,56200],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,56195,142],{"class":141},[44,56197,123],{"class":115},[44,56199,56167],{"class":119},[44,56201,135],{"class":115},[20,56203,155],{},[35,56205,56207],{"className":37,"code":56206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56208,56209,56229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56210,56211,56213,56215,56217,56219,56221,56223,56225,56227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56212,4027],{"class":115},[44,56214,3111],{"class":77},[44,56216,129],{"class":115},[44,56218,3116],{"class":77},[44,56220,129],{"class":115},[44,56222,2573],{"class":77},[44,56224,129],{"class":115},[44,56226,2579],{"class":77},[44,56228,3757],{"class":115},[44,56230,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245,56247],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56232,4027],{"class":115},[44,56234,3111],{"class":77},[44,56236,129],{"class":115},[44,56238,3116],{"class":77},[44,56240,129],{"class":115},[44,56242,2573],{"class":77},[44,56244,129],{"class":115},[44,56246,2579],{"class":77},[44,56248,3757],{"class":115},[20,56250,56251],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56253,56254,56255,790],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56256,12916],{},[35,56258,56260],{"className":37,"code":56259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56261,56262,56282,56297,56301,56316,56320,56330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56263,56264,56266,56268,56270,56272,56274,56276,56278,56280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56265,3739],{"class":50},[44,56267,55],{"class":54},[44,56269,3744],{"class":115},[44,56271,3111],{"class":77},[44,56273,129],{"class":115},[44,56275,3116],{"class":77},[44,56277,129],{"class":115},[44,56279,2573],{"class":77},[44,56281,3757],{"class":115},[44,56283,56284,56287,56289,56291,56293,56295],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56285,56286],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,56288,55],{"class":54},[44,56290,4392],{"class":50},[44,56292,116],{"class":115},[44,56294,13050],{"class":119},[44,56296,8782],{"class":115},[44,56298,56299],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,56300,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56302,56303,56306,56308,56310,56312,56314],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,56304,56305],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,56307,116],{"class":115},[44,56309,13691],{"class":119},[44,56311,123],{"class":115},[44,56313,2626],{"class":77},[44,56315,135],{"class":115},[44,56317,56318],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,56319,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56321,56322,56324,56326,56328],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,56323,142],{"class":141},[44,56325,123],{"class":115},[44,56327,3771],{"class":119},[44,56329,135],{"class":115},[44,56331,56332,56334,56336,56338],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,56333,142],{"class":141},[44,56335,123],{"class":115},[44,56337,56305],{"class":119},[44,56339,135],{"class":115},[20,56341,155],{},[35,56343,56345],{"className":37,"code":56344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56346,56347,56363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56348,56349,56351,56353,56355,56357,56359,56361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56350,4027],{"class":115},[44,56352,3111],{"class":77},[44,56354,129],{"class":115},[44,56356,3116],{"class":77},[44,56358,129],{"class":115},[44,56360,2573],{"class":77},[44,56362,3757],{"class":115},[44,56364,56365,56367,56369,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56366,4027],{"class":115},[44,56368,3111],{"class":77},[44,56370,129],{"class":115},[44,56372,3116],{"class":77},[44,56374,129],{"class":115},[44,56376,2573],{"class":77},[44,56378,129],{"class":115},[44,56380,2579],{"class":77},[44,56382,3757],{"class":115},[20,56384,56385,56386,116],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[200,56387,52901],{"href":51109},[30,56389,56391],{"id":56390},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56393,56394,12987,56396,116],{},[15,56395,55731],{},[153,56397,12990],{},[20,56399,2227],{},[218,56401,56402,56405],{},[221,56403,56404],{},"The outer list is new",[221,56406,56407],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56409,56410],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,56412,56414],{"className":37,"code":56413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56415,56416,56443,56457,56461,56480,56484,56494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56417,56418,56420,56422,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56419,12226],{"class":50},[44,56421,55],{"class":54},[44,56423,56424],{"class":115}," [[",[44,56426,3111],{"class":77},[44,56428,129],{"class":115},[44,56430,3116],{"class":77},[44,56432,18199],{"class":115},[44,56434,3744],{"class":115},[44,56436,2183],{"class":77},[44,56438,129],{"class":115},[44,56440,2579],{"class":77},[44,56442,53372],{"class":115},[44,56444,56445,56447,56449,56451,56453,56455],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56446,14449],{"class":50},[44,56448,55],{"class":54},[44,56450,12301],{"class":50},[44,56452,116],{"class":115},[44,56454,13050],{"class":119},[44,56456,8782],{"class":115},[44,56458,56459],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,56460,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56462,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475,56478],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,56464,14468],{"class":50},[44,56466,4027],{"class":115},[44,56468,2240],{"class":77},[44,56470,13688],{"class":115},[44,56472,13691],{"class":119},[44,56474,123],{"class":115},[44,56476,56477],{"class":77},"99",[44,56479,135],{"class":115},[44,56481,56482],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,56483,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56485,56486,56488,56490,56492],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,56487,142],{"class":141},[44,56489,123],{"class":115},[44,56491,12273],{"class":119},[44,56493,135],{"class":115},[44,56495,56496,56498,56500,56502],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,56497,142],{"class":141},[44,56499,123],{"class":115},[44,56501,14468],{"class":119},[44,56503,135],{"class":115},[20,56505,155],{},[35,56507,56509],{"className":37,"code":56508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56510,56511,56538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56512,56513,56516,56518,56520,56522,56524,56526,56528,56530,56532,56534,56536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56514,56515],{"class":115},"[[",[44,56517,3111],{"class":77},[44,56519,129],{"class":115},[44,56521,3116],{"class":77},[44,56523,129],{"class":115},[44,56525,10335],{"class":77},[44,56527,18199],{"class":115},[44,56529,3744],{"class":115},[44,56531,2183],{"class":77},[44,56533,129],{"class":115},[44,56535,2579],{"class":77},[44,56537,53372],{"class":115},[44,56539,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548,56550,56552,56554,56556,56558,56560,56562],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56541,56515],{"class":115},[44,56543,3111],{"class":77},[44,56545,129],{"class":115},[44,56547,3116],{"class":77},[44,56549,129],{"class":115},[44,56551,10335],{"class":77},[44,56553,18199],{"class":115},[44,56555,3744],{"class":115},[44,56557,2183],{"class":77},[44,56559,129],{"class":115},[44,56561,2579],{"class":77},[44,56563,53372],{"class":115},[20,56565,56566],{},"Why did both change?",[218,56568,56569,56576],{},[221,56570,56571,536,56573,56575],{},[15,56572,12273],{},[15,56574,14468],{}," are different outer lists",[221,56577,56578,56579,56582],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56580,56581],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56584,53783,56585,56587],{},[15,56586,12916],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[218,56589,56590,56593,56596],{},[221,56591,56592],{},"Numbers",[221,56594,56595],{},"Strings",[221,56597,40732],{},[20,56599,56600,56601,116],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[200,56602,13928],{"href":13927},[30,56604,1219],{"id":1218},[20,56606,56607,56609],{},[15,56608,55731],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56611,41043,56612,56614],{},[153,56613,4761],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56616,56617],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56619,16793],{},[35,56621,56623],{"className":37,"code":56622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56624,56625,56649,56663,56667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56626,56627,56629,56631,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643,56645,56647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56628,13213],{"class":50},[44,56630,55],{"class":54},[44,56632,3744],{"class":115},[44,56634,112],{"class":58},[44,56636,13230],{"class":62},[44,56638,112],{"class":58},[44,56640,129],{"class":115},[44,56642,59],{"class":58},[44,56644,13247],{"class":62},[44,56646,112],{"class":58},[44,56648,3757],{"class":115},[44,56650,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56652,13256],{"class":50},[44,56654,55],{"class":54},[44,56656,13261],{"class":50},[44,56658,116],{"class":115},[44,56660,13050],{"class":119},[44,56662,8782],{"class":115},[44,56664,56665],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,56666,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56668,56669,56671,56673,56675],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,56670,142],{"class":141},[44,56672,123],{"class":115},[44,56674,13280],{"class":119},[44,56676,135],{"class":115},[20,56678,56679],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,56681,56683],{"className":37,"code":56682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56684,56685,56709,56719,56723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56686,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705,56707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56688,13213],{"class":50},[44,56690,55],{"class":54},[44,56692,3744],{"class":115},[44,56694,112],{"class":58},[44,56696,13230],{"class":62},[44,56698,112],{"class":58},[44,56700,129],{"class":115},[44,56702,59],{"class":58},[44,56704,13247],{"class":62},[44,56706,112],{"class":58},[44,56708,3757],{"class":115},[44,56710,56711,56713,56715,56717],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56712,17639],{"class":50},[44,56714,116],{"class":115},[44,56716,13050],{"class":119},[44,56718,8782],{"class":115},[44,56720,56721],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,56722,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56724,56725,56727,56729,56731],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,56726,142],{"class":141},[44,56728,123],{"class":115},[44,56730,17639],{"class":119},[44,56732,135],{"class":115},[20,56734,56735,56736,56738],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56737,12916],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[30,56740,5092,56742],{"id":56741},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56743,55731],{},[20,56745,189,56746,10740],{},[15,56747,55731],{},[218,56749,56750,56753,56756,56759],{},[221,56751,56752],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[221,56754,56755],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[221,56757,56758],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[221,56760,56761,56762],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56763,56764],{},"[:]",[20,56766,238],{},[35,56768,56770],{"className":37,"code":56769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56771,56772,56792,56807,56811,56826,56830,56840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56773,56774,56776,56778,56780,56782,56784,56786,56788,56790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56775,5195],{"class":50},[44,56777,55],{"class":54},[44,56779,3744],{"class":115},[44,56781,2451],{"class":77},[44,56783,129],{"class":115},[44,56785,7928],{"class":77},[44,56787,129],{"class":115},[44,56789,7933],{"class":77},[44,56791,3757],{"class":115},[44,56793,56794,56797,56799,56801,56803,56805],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56795,56796],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,56798,55],{"class":54},[44,56800,5242],{"class":50},[44,56802,116],{"class":115},[44,56804,13050],{"class":119},[44,56806,8782],{"class":115},[44,56808,56809],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,56810,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56812,56813,56815,56817,56819,56821,56824],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,56814,16526],{"class":50},[44,56816,116],{"class":115},[44,56818,13691],{"class":119},[44,56820,123],{"class":115},[44,56822,56823],{"class":77},"40",[44,56825,135],{"class":115},[44,56827,56828],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,56829,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56831,56832,56834,56836,56838],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,56833,142],{"class":141},[44,56835,123],{"class":115},[44,56837,16526],{"class":119},[44,56839,135],{"class":115},[44,56841,56842,56844,56846,56849],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,56843,142],{"class":141},[44,56845,123],{"class":115},[44,56847,56848],{"class":119},"backup_scores",[44,56850,135],{"class":115},[20,56852,155],{},[35,56854,56856],{"className":37,"code":56855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56857,56858,56878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56859,56860,56862,56864,56866,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56861,4027],{"class":115},[44,56863,2451],{"class":77},[44,56865,129],{"class":115},[44,56867,7928],{"class":77},[44,56869,129],{"class":115},[44,56871,7933],{"class":77},[44,56873,129],{"class":115},[44,56875,50974],{"class":77},[44,56877,3757],{"class":115},[44,56879,56880,56882,56884,56886,56888,56890,56892],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56881,4027],{"class":115},[44,56883,2451],{"class":77},[44,56885,129],{"class":115},[44,56887,7928],{"class":77},[44,56889,129],{"class":115},[44,56891,7933],{"class":77},[44,56893,3757],{"class":115},[20,56895,56896,56897,116],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[200,56898,55650,56900,10880],{"href":56899},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56901,52782],{},[30,56903,4648],{"id":4647},[20,56905,56906,56907,116],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56908,55731],{},[1474,56910,8556,56912,56914],{"id":56911},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56913,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56916,39336],{},[35,56918,56920],{"className":37,"code":56919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56921,56922,56942,56950,56964,56968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56923,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932,56934,56936,56938,56940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56925,2676],{"class":50},[44,56927,55],{"class":54},[44,56929,3744],{"class":115},[44,56931,3111],{"class":77},[44,56933,129],{"class":115},[44,56935,3116],{"class":77},[44,56937,129],{"class":115},[44,56939,2573],{"class":77},[44,56941,3757],{"class":115},[44,56943,56944,56946,56948],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,56945,2704],{"class":50},[44,56947,55],{"class":54},[44,56949,36312],{"class":50},[44,56951,56952,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,56953,4891],{"class":50},[44,56955,116],{"class":115},[44,56957,13691],{"class":119},[44,56959,123],{"class":115},[44,56961,2626],{"class":77},[44,56963,135],{"class":115},[44,56965,56966],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,56967,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,56969,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,56971,142],{"class":141},[44,56973,123],{"class":115},[44,56975,200],{"class":119},[44,56977,3784],{"class":115},[44,56979,55831],{"class":3787},[20,56981,56982,56983,6768],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56984,12916],{},[35,56986,56988],{"className":37,"code":56987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56989,56990,57010,57025,57039,57043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56991,56992,56994,56996,56998,57000,57002,57004,57006,57008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56993,2676],{"class":50},[44,56995,55],{"class":54},[44,56997,3744],{"class":115},[44,56999,3111],{"class":77},[44,57001,129],{"class":115},[44,57003,3116],{"class":77},[44,57005,129],{"class":115},[44,57007,2573],{"class":77},[44,57009,3757],{"class":115},[44,57011,57012,57014,57016,57019,57021,57023],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57013,2704],{"class":50},[44,57015,55],{"class":54},[44,57017,57018],{"class":50}," a",[44,57020,116],{"class":115},[44,57022,13050],{"class":119},[44,57024,8782],{"class":115},[44,57026,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,57028,4891],{"class":50},[44,57030,116],{"class":115},[44,57032,13691],{"class":119},[44,57034,123],{"class":115},[44,57036,2626],{"class":77},[44,57038,135],{"class":115},[44,57040,57041],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,57042,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,57044,57045,57047,57049,57051,57053],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,57046,142],{"class":141},[44,57048,123],{"class":115},[44,57050,200],{"class":119},[44,57052,3784],{"class":115},[44,57054,55062],{"class":3787},[1474,57056,57058],{"id":57057},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,57060,57062],{"className":37,"code":57061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57063,57064,57084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57065,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57067,3739],{"class":50},[44,57069,55],{"class":54},[44,57071,3744],{"class":115},[44,57073,3111],{"class":77},[44,57075,129],{"class":115},[44,57077,3116],{"class":77},[44,57079,129],{"class":115},[44,57081,2573],{"class":77},[44,57083,3757],{"class":115},[44,57085,57086,57088,57090,57092],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57087,3771],{"class":50},[44,57089,116],{"class":115},[44,57091,13050],{"class":119},[44,57093,8782],{"class":115},[20,57095,57096],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57098,39399],{},[35,57100,57102],{"className":37,"code":57101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57103,57104,57124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57105,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57107,3739],{"class":50},[44,57109,55],{"class":54},[44,57111,3744],{"class":115},[44,57113,3111],{"class":77},[44,57115,129],{"class":115},[44,57117,3116],{"class":77},[44,57119,129],{"class":115},[44,57121,2573],{"class":77},[44,57123,3757],{"class":115},[44,57125,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57127,56286],{"class":50},[44,57129,55],{"class":54},[44,57131,4392],{"class":50},[44,57133,116],{"class":115},[44,57135,13050],{"class":119},[44,57137,8782],{"class":115},[1474,57139,57141],{"id":57140},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,57143,57145],{"className":37,"code":57144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57146,57147,57165,57179,57183,57201,57205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57148,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161,57163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57150,2676],{"class":50},[44,57152,55],{"class":54},[44,57154,56424],{"class":115},[44,57156,3111],{"class":77},[44,57158,18199],{"class":115},[44,57160,3744],{"class":115},[44,57162,2177],{"class":77},[44,57164,53372],{"class":115},[44,57166,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175,57177],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57168,2704],{"class":50},[44,57170,55],{"class":54},[44,57172,57018],{"class":50},[44,57174,116],{"class":115},[44,57176,13050],{"class":119},[44,57178,8782],{"class":115},[44,57180,57181],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,57182,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,57184,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,57186,4891],{"class":50},[44,57188,4027],{"class":115},[44,57190,2240],{"class":77},[44,57192,13688],{"class":115},[44,57194,13691],{"class":119},[44,57196,123],{"class":115},[44,57198,56477],{"class":77},[44,57200,135],{"class":115},[44,57202,57203],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,57204,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,57206,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,57208,142],{"class":141},[44,57210,123],{"class":115},[44,57212,200],{"class":119},[44,57214,3784],{"class":115},[44,57216,57217],{"class":3787},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57219,57220,57221,57223],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57222,55731],{}," is shallow.",[1474,57225,25751,57227,57229],{"id":57226},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57228,12916],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57231,57232,57234],{},[15,57233,12916],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,57236,57238],{"className":37,"code":57237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57239,57240,57252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57241,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57243,51],{"class":50},[44,57245,55],{"class":54},[44,57247,59],{"class":58},[44,57249,5135],{"class":62},[44,57251,66],{"class":58},[44,57253,57254],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57255,57256],{"class":3787},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57258,57259],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,57261,57263],{"className":37,"code":57262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57264,57265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57266,57267,57269,57271,57273,57275,57277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57268,142],{"class":141},[44,57270,123],{"class":115},[44,57272,1297],{"class":1296},[44,57274,123],{"class":115},[44,57276,126],{"class":119},[44,57278,567],{"class":115},[20,57280,57281,57282,57286],{},"You can also review ",[200,57283,57285],{"href":57284},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[30,57288,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,57290,12844,57292,57294],{"id":57291},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57293,55731],{}," change the original list?",[20,57296,57297],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1474,57299,5312,57301,536,57303,1995],{"id":57300},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57302,55731],{},[15,57304,55],{},[20,57306,57307,57309,57310,57312],{},[15,57308,12916],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57311,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1474,57314,2006,57316,15043],{"id":57315},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57317,55731],{},[20,57319,57320],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1474,57322,57324],{"id":57323},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57326,42290,57327,57330],{},[15,57328,57329],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1474,57332,2006,57334,57336,57337,1995],{"id":57333},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57335,55731],{}," the same as ",[15,57338,56764],{},[20,57340,57341],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[30,57343,2019],{"id":2018},[218,57345,57346,57351,57355,57360,57366],{},[221,57347,57348],{},[200,57349,15102],{"href":57350},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[221,57352,57353],{},[200,57354,52901],{"href":51109},[221,57356,57357],{},[200,57358,57359],{"href":57284},"Creating a list in Python",[221,57361,57362],{},[200,57363,55650,57364,10880],{"href":56899},[15,57365,52782],{},[221,57367,57368],{},[200,57369,13928],{"href":13927},[2048,57371,57372],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":57374},[57375,57376,57378,57379,57381,57382,57383,57385,57393,57404],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":55841,"depth":69,"text":57377},"What list.copy() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":56112,"depth":69,"text":57380},"Why not use =",{"id":56390,"depth":69,"text":56391},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":56741,"depth":69,"text":57384},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":57386},[57387,57389,57390,57391],{"id":56911,"depth":81,"text":57388},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57057,"depth":81,"text":57058},{"id":57140,"depth":81,"text":57141},{"id":57226,"depth":81,"text":57392},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":57394},[57395,57397,57399,57401,57402],{"id":57291,"depth":81,"text":57396},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57300,"depth":81,"text":57398},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57315,"depth":81,"text":57400},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57323,"depth":81,"text":57324},{"id":57333,"depth":81,"text":57403},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55719,"description":57405},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57412,"title":57413,"body":57414,"description":59156,"extension":2084,"meta":59157,"navigation":84,"path":59158,"seo":59159,"stem":59160,"__hash__":59161},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57415,"toc":59115},[57416,57422,57428,57431,57442,57445,57447,57510,57516,57521,57525,57539,57542,57547,57552,57554,57556,57575,57587,57589,57656,57658,57666,57671,57673,57681,57684,57701,57703,57827,57838,57842,57847,57850,57852,57870,57874,57960,57969,57977,58046,58048,58051,58063,58068,58072,58143,58146,58150,58154,58219,58221,58229,58233,58316,58318,58326,58330,58391,58393,58401,58405,58492,58494,58502,58507,58512,58515,58526,58528,58613,58618,58627,58629,58633,58637,58642,58704,58708,58716,58722,58731,58736,58785,58788,58809,58813,58875,58882,58887,58890,58977,58980,58991,58994,59014,59016,59022,59025,59029,59033,59039,59042,59048,59055,59063,59074,59076,59112],[10,57417,54472,57419,18],{"id":57418},"python-list-count-method",[15,57420,57421],{},"count()",[20,57423,57424,57427],{},[15,57425,57426],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57429,57430],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[218,57432,57433,57436,57439],{},[221,57434,57435],{},"count one specific item",[221,57437,57438],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[221,57440,57441],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57443,57444],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[30,57446,3729],{"id":3728},[35,57448,57450],{"className":37,"code":57449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57451,57452,57480,57498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57453,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470,57472,57474,57476,57478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57455,3739],{"class":50},[44,57457,55],{"class":54},[44,57459,3744],{"class":115},[44,57461,3111],{"class":77},[44,57463,129],{"class":115},[44,57465,3116],{"class":77},[44,57467,129],{"class":115},[44,57469,3116],{"class":77},[44,57471,129],{"class":115},[44,57473,2573],{"class":77},[44,57475,129],{"class":115},[44,57477,3116],{"class":77},[44,57479,3757],{"class":115},[44,57481,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57483,2351],{"class":50},[44,57485,55],{"class":54},[44,57487,4392],{"class":50},[44,57489,116],{"class":115},[44,57491,41397],{"class":119},[44,57493,123],{"class":115},[44,57495,2177],{"class":77},[44,57497,135],{"class":115},[44,57499,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,57501,142],{"class":141},[44,57503,123],{"class":115},[44,57505,2386],{"class":119},[44,57507,3784],{"class":115},[44,57509,50901],{"class":3787},[20,57511,189,57512,57515],{},[15,57513,57514],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[30,57517,3802,57519,3805],{"id":57518},"what-listcount-does",[15,57520,57426],{},[20,57522,57523,790],{},[15,57524,57426],{},[218,57526,57527,57530,57533,57536],{},[221,57528,57529],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[221,57531,57532],{},"returns an integer",[221,57534,57535],{},"does not change the original list",[221,57537,57538],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57540,57541],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57543,57544,57545,116],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57546,2183],{},[20,57548,57549,57550,116],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57551,2240],{},[30,57553,351],{"id":350},[20,57555,2280],{},[35,57557,57559],{"className":37,"code":57558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57560,57561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57562,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57564,8477],{"class":50},[44,57566,116],{"class":115},[44,57568,41397],{"class":119},[44,57570,123],{"class":115},[44,57572,379],{"class":119},[44,57574,135],{"class":115},[218,57576,57577,57582],{},[221,57578,57579,57581],{},[15,57580,8477],{}," is the list you want to search",[221,57583,57584,57586],{},[15,57585,379],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57588,238],{},[35,57590,57592],{"className":37,"code":57591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57593,57594,57634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57595,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606,57608,57610,57612,57614,57616,57618,57620,57622,57624,57626,57628,57630,57632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57597,36227],{"class":50},[44,57599,55],{"class":54},[44,57601,3744],{"class":115},[44,57603,112],{"class":58},[44,57605,200],{"class":62},[44,57607,112],{"class":58},[44,57609,129],{"class":115},[44,57611,59],{"class":58},[44,57613,4891],{"class":62},[44,57615,112],{"class":58},[44,57617,129],{"class":115},[44,57619,59],{"class":58},[44,57621,200],{"class":62},[44,57623,112],{"class":58},[44,57625,129],{"class":115},[44,57627,59],{"class":58},[44,57629,9878],{"class":62},[44,57631,112],{"class":58},[44,57633,3757],{"class":115},[44,57635,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650,57652,57654],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57637,142],{"class":141},[44,57639,123],{"class":115},[44,57641,36280],{"class":119},[44,57643,116],{"class":115},[44,57645,41397],{"class":119},[44,57647,123],{"class":115},[44,57649,112],{"class":58},[44,57651,200],{"class":62},[44,57653,112],{"class":58},[44,57655,567],{"class":115},[20,57657,155],{},[35,57659,57660],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57661,57662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57663,57664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57665,17194],{"class":77},[20,57667,57668,57669,116],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57670,2240],{},[30,57672,38157],{"id":38156},[20,57674,57675,57676,57678,57679,116],{},"The return value from ",[15,57677,57421],{}," is always an ",[15,57680,2309],{},[20,57682,57683],{},"Possible results:",[218,57685,57686,57691,57696],{},[221,57687,57688,57690],{},[15,57689,2240],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[221,57692,57693,57695],{},[15,57694,3111],{}," if it appears once",[221,57697,57698,57700],{},[15,57699,2177],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57702,238],{},[35,57704,57706],{"className":37,"code":57705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57707,57708,57748,57752,57777,57802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57709,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57711,13213],{"class":50},[44,57713,55],{"class":54},[44,57715,3744],{"class":115},[44,57717,112],{"class":58},[44,57719,13230],{"class":62},[44,57721,112],{"class":58},[44,57723,129],{"class":115},[44,57725,59],{"class":58},[44,57727,13247],{"class":62},[44,57729,112],{"class":58},[44,57731,129],{"class":115},[44,57733,59],{"class":58},[44,57735,17592],{"class":62},[44,57737,112],{"class":58},[44,57739,129],{"class":115},[44,57741,59],{"class":58},[44,57743,13247],{"class":62},[44,57745,112],{"class":58},[44,57747,3757],{"class":115},[44,57749,57750],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57751,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,57753,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,57755,142],{"class":141},[44,57757,123],{"class":115},[44,57759,17639],{"class":119},[44,57761,116],{"class":115},[44,57763,41397],{"class":119},[44,57765,123],{"class":115},[44,57767,112],{"class":58},[44,57769,13247],{"class":62},[44,57771,112],{"class":58},[44,57773,5495],{"class":115},[44,57775,57776],{"class":3787},"   # 2\n",[44,57778,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,57780,142],{"class":141},[44,57782,123],{"class":115},[44,57784,17639],{"class":119},[44,57786,116],{"class":115},[44,57788,41397],{"class":119},[44,57790,123],{"class":115},[44,57792,112],{"class":58},[44,57794,13230],{"class":62},[44,57796,112],{"class":58},[44,57798,5495],{"class":115},[44,57800,57801],{"class":3787},"    # 1\n",[44,57803,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822,57824],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,57805,142],{"class":141},[44,57807,123],{"class":115},[44,57809,17639],{"class":119},[44,57811,116],{"class":115},[44,57813,41397],{"class":119},[44,57815,123],{"class":115},[44,57817,112],{"class":58},[44,57819,22659],{"class":62},[44,57821,112],{"class":58},[44,57823,5495],{"class":115},[44,57825,57826],{"class":3787}," # 0\n",[20,57828,57829,57830,57832,57833,57835,57836,116],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57831,57421],{}," works, but using ",[15,57834,887],{}," is often simpler. See ",[200,57837,6334],{"href":6333},[30,57839,57841],{"id":57840},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57843,57844,57846],{},[15,57845,57426],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57848,57849],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57851,43784],{},[218,57853,57854,57857,57860,57867],{},[221,57855,57856],{},"matches are based on equality",[221,57858,57859],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[221,57861,57862,536,57864,57866],{},[15,57863,3111],{},[15,57865,3724],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[221,57868,57869],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1474,57871,57873],{"id":57872},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,57875,57877],{"className":37,"code":57876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57878,57879,57912,57936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57880,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57882,4198],{"class":50},[44,57884,55],{"class":54},[44,57886,3744],{"class":115},[44,57888,112],{"class":58},[44,57890,4207],{"class":62},[44,57892,112],{"class":58},[44,57894,129],{"class":115},[44,57896,59],{"class":58},[44,57898,57899],{"class":62},"Apple",[44,57901,112],{"class":58},[44,57903,129],{"class":115},[44,57905,59],{"class":58},[44,57907,4207],{"class":62},[44,57909,112],{"class":58},[44,57911,3757],{"class":115},[44,57913,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,57915,142],{"class":141},[44,57917,123],{"class":115},[44,57919,4242],{"class":119},[44,57921,116],{"class":115},[44,57923,41397],{"class":119},[44,57925,123],{"class":115},[44,57927,112],{"class":58},[44,57929,4207],{"class":62},[44,57931,112],{"class":58},[44,57933,5495],{"class":115},[44,57935,51545],{"class":3787},[44,57937,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956,57958],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,57939,142],{"class":141},[44,57941,123],{"class":115},[44,57943,4242],{"class":119},[44,57945,116],{"class":115},[44,57947,41397],{"class":119},[44,57949,123],{"class":115},[44,57951,112],{"class":58},[44,57953,57899],{"class":62},[44,57955,112],{"class":58},[44,57957,5495],{"class":115},[44,57959,27915],{"class":3787},[20,57961,57962,536,57965,57968],{},[15,57963,57964],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57966,57967],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1474,57970,57972,536,57974,57976],{"id":57971},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57973,3111],{},[15,57975,3724],{}," can match",[35,57978,57980],{"className":37,"code":57979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57981,57982,58006,58026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57983,57984,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57985,3948],{"class":50},[44,57987,55],{"class":54},[44,57989,3744],{"class":115},[44,57991,3111],{"class":77},[44,57993,129],{"class":115},[44,57995,4043],{"class":3978},[44,57997,129],{"class":115},[44,57999,3116],{"class":77},[44,58001,129],{"class":115},[44,58003,5632],{"class":77},[44,58005,3757],{"class":115},[44,58007,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58009,142],{"class":141},[44,58011,123],{"class":115},[44,58013,5492],{"class":119},[44,58015,116],{"class":115},[44,58017,41397],{"class":119},[44,58019,123],{"class":115},[44,58021,3111],{"class":77},[44,58023,5495],{"class":115},[44,58025,51049],{"class":3787},[44,58027,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,58029,142],{"class":141},[44,58031,123],{"class":115},[44,58033,5492],{"class":119},[44,58035,116],{"class":115},[44,58037,41397],{"class":119},[44,58039,123],{"class":115},[44,58041,3724],{"class":3978},[44,58043,5495],{"class":115},[44,58045,50901],{"class":3787},[20,58047,4539],{},[20,58049,58050],{},"In Python:",[218,58052,58053,58058],{},[221,58054,58055],{},[15,58056,58057],{},"True == 1",[221,58059,58060],{},[15,58061,58062],{},"False == 0",[20,58064,53783,58065,58067],{},[15,58066,57421],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1474,58069,58071],{"id":58070},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,58073,58075],{"className":37,"code":58074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58076,58077,58119],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58078,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087,58089,58091,58093,58095,58097,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111,58113,58115,58117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58080,7917],{"class":50},[44,58082,55],{"class":54},[44,58084,56424],{"class":115},[44,58086,3111],{"class":77},[44,58088,129],{"class":115},[44,58090,3116],{"class":77},[44,58092,18199],{"class":115},[44,58094,3744],{"class":115},[44,58096,2183],{"class":77},[44,58098,129],{"class":115},[44,58100,2579],{"class":77},[44,58102,18199],{"class":115},[44,58104,3744],{"class":115},[44,58106,3111],{"class":77},[44,58108,129],{"class":115},[44,58110,3116],{"class":77},[44,58112,18199],{"class":115},[44,58114,3744],{"class":115},[44,58116,3111],{"class":77},[44,58118,53372],{"class":115},[44,58120,58121,58123,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58122,142],{"class":141},[44,58124,123],{"class":115},[44,58126,7948],{"class":119},[44,58128,116],{"class":115},[44,58130,41397],{"class":119},[44,58132,3108],{"class":115},[44,58134,3111],{"class":77},[44,58136,129],{"class":115},[44,58138,3116],{"class":77},[44,58140,4865],{"class":115},[44,58142,51545],{"class":3787},[20,58144,58145],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[30,58147,58149],{"id":58148},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1474,58151,58153],{"id":58152},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,58155,58157],{"className":37,"code":58156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58158,58159,58187,58205,58209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58160,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177,58179,58181,58183,58185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58162,3739],{"class":50},[44,58164,55],{"class":54},[44,58166,3744],{"class":115},[44,58168,2451],{"class":77},[44,58170,129],{"class":115},[44,58172,7928],{"class":77},[44,58174,129],{"class":115},[44,58176,6140],{"class":77},[44,58178,129],{"class":115},[44,58180,7933],{"class":77},[44,58182,129],{"class":115},[44,58184,6140],{"class":77},[44,58186,3757],{"class":115},[44,58188,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58190,2351],{"class":50},[44,58192,55],{"class":54},[44,58194,4392],{"class":50},[44,58196,116],{"class":115},[44,58198,41397],{"class":119},[44,58200,123],{"class":115},[44,58202,2451],{"class":77},[44,58204,135],{"class":115},[44,58206,58207],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,58208,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,58210,58211,58213,58215,58217],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,58212,142],{"class":141},[44,58214,123],{"class":115},[44,58216,2386],{"class":119},[44,58218,135],{"class":115},[20,58220,155],{},[35,58222,58223],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58224,58225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58226,58227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58228,46748],{"class":77},[1474,58230,58232],{"id":58231},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,58234,58236],{"className":37,"code":58235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58237,58238,58280,58302,58306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58239,58240,58242,58244,58246,58248,58250,58252,58254,58256,58259,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273,58276,58278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58241,4198],{"class":50},[44,58243,55],{"class":54},[44,58245,3744],{"class":115},[44,58247,112],{"class":58},[44,58249,417],{"class":62},[44,58251,112],{"class":58},[44,58253,129],{"class":115},[44,58255,59],{"class":58},[44,58257,58258],{"class":62},"dog",[44,58260,112],{"class":58},[44,58262,129],{"class":115},[44,58264,59],{"class":58},[44,58266,417],{"class":62},[44,58268,112],{"class":58},[44,58270,129],{"class":115},[44,58272,59],{"class":58},[44,58274,58275],{"class":62},"bird",[44,58277,112],{"class":58},[44,58279,3757],{"class":115},[44,58281,58282,58284,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58283,2351],{"class":50},[44,58285,55],{"class":54},[44,58287,6304],{"class":50},[44,58289,116],{"class":115},[44,58291,41397],{"class":119},[44,58293,123],{"class":115},[44,58295,112],{"class":58},[44,58297,417],{"class":62},[44,58299,112],{"class":58},[44,58301,135],{"class":115},[44,58303,58304],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,58305,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,58307,58308,58310,58312,58314],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,58309,142],{"class":141},[44,58311,123],{"class":115},[44,58313,2386],{"class":119},[44,58315,135],{"class":115},[20,58317,155],{},[35,58319,58320],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58321,58322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58323,58324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58325,17194],{"class":77},[1474,58327,58329],{"id":58328},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,58331,58333],{"className":37,"code":58332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58334,58335,58359,58377,58381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58336,58337,58339,58341,58343,58345,58347,58349,58351,58353,58355,58357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58338,3739],{"class":50},[44,58340,55],{"class":54},[44,58342,3744],{"class":115},[44,58344,3111],{"class":77},[44,58346,129],{"class":115},[44,58348,3116],{"class":77},[44,58350,129],{"class":115},[44,58352,2573],{"class":77},[44,58354,129],{"class":115},[44,58356,2579],{"class":77},[44,58358,3757],{"class":115},[44,58360,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58362,2351],{"class":50},[44,58364,55],{"class":54},[44,58366,4392],{"class":50},[44,58368,116],{"class":115},[44,58370,41397],{"class":119},[44,58372,123],{"class":115},[44,58374,2257],{"class":77},[44,58376,135],{"class":115},[44,58378,58379],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,58380,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,58382,58383,58385,58387,58389],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,58384,142],{"class":141},[44,58386,123],{"class":115},[44,58388,2386],{"class":119},[44,58390,135],{"class":115},[20,58392,155],{},[35,58394,58395],{"className":37,"code":47383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58396,58397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58398,58399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58400,47383],{"class":77},[1474,58402,58404],{"id":58403},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,58406,58408],{"className":37,"code":58407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58409,58410,58456,58478,58482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58411,58412,58414,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424,58426,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438,58440,58442,58444,58446,58448,58450,58452,58454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58413,9306],{"class":50},[44,58415,55],{"class":54},[44,58417,56424],{"class":115},[44,58419,3111],{"class":77},[44,58421,129],{"class":115},[44,58423,3116],{"class":77},[44,58425,18199],{"class":115},[44,58427,3744],{"class":115},[44,58429,3111],{"class":77},[44,58431,129],{"class":115},[44,58433,3116],{"class":77},[44,58435,18199],{"class":115},[44,58437,3744],{"class":115},[44,58439,2177],{"class":77},[44,58441,129],{"class":115},[44,58443,2573],{"class":77},[44,58445,18199],{"class":115},[44,58447,3744],{"class":115},[44,58449,3111],{"class":77},[44,58451,129],{"class":115},[44,58453,3116],{"class":77},[44,58455,53372],{"class":115},[44,58457,58458,58460,58462,58464,58466,58468,58470,58472,58474,58476],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58459,2351],{"class":50},[44,58461,55],{"class":54},[44,58463,14704],{"class":50},[44,58465,116],{"class":115},[44,58467,41397],{"class":119},[44,58469,3108],{"class":115},[44,58471,3111],{"class":77},[44,58473,129],{"class":115},[44,58475,3116],{"class":77},[44,58477,4015],{"class":115},[44,58479,58480],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,58481,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,58483,58484,58486,58488,58490],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,58485,142],{"class":141},[44,58487,123],{"class":115},[44,58489,2386],{"class":119},[44,58491,135],{"class":115},[20,58493,155],{},[35,58495,58496],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,58497,58498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58499,58500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58501,46748],{"class":77},[30,58503,5092,58505],{"id":58504},"when-to-use-count",[15,58506,57421],{},[20,58508,189,58509,58511],{},[15,58510,57421],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58513,58514],{},"Good use cases:",[218,58516,58517,58520,58523],{},[221,58518,58519],{},"counting one specific item",[221,58521,58522],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[221,58524,58525],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58527,238],{},[35,58529,58531],{"className":37,"code":58530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58532,58533,58574,58598,58602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58534,58535,58538,58540,58542,58544,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560,58562,58564,58566,58568,58570,58572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58536,58537],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,58539,55],{"class":54},[44,58541,3744],{"class":115},[44,58543,112],{"class":58},[44,58545,8797],{"class":62},[44,58547,112],{"class":58},[44,58549,129],{"class":115},[44,58551,59],{"class":58},[44,58553,8736],{"class":62},[44,58555,112],{"class":58},[44,58557,129],{"class":115},[44,58559,59],{"class":58},[44,58561,8797],{"class":62},[44,58563,112],{"class":58},[44,58565,129],{"class":115},[44,58567,59],{"class":58},[44,58569,8797],{"class":62},[44,58571,112],{"class":58},[44,58573,3757],{"class":115},[44,58575,58576,58579,58581,58584,58586,58588,58590,58592,58594,58596],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58577,58578],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,58580,55],{"class":54},[44,58582,58583],{"class":50}," votes",[44,58585,116],{"class":115},[44,58587,41397],{"class":119},[44,58589,123],{"class":115},[44,58591,112],{"class":58},[44,58593,8797],{"class":62},[44,58595,112],{"class":58},[44,58597,135],{"class":115},[44,58599,58600],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,58601,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,58603,58604,58606,58608,58611],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,58605,142],{"class":141},[44,58607,123],{"class":115},[44,58609,58610],{"class":119},"yes_votes",[44,58612,135],{"class":115},[20,58614,58615,58617],{},[15,58616,57421],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58619,58620,58621,536,58623,116],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[200,58622,52901],{"href":51109},[200,58624,58626],{"href":58625},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[30,58628,1467],{"id":1466},[20,58630,8586,58631,116],{},[15,58632,57426],{},[1474,58634,58636],{"id":58635},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58638,58639,58641],{},[15,58640,57426],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,58643,58645],{"className":37,"code":58644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58646,58647,58680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58648,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657,58660,58662,58664,58666,58668,58670,58672,58674,58676,58678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58650,4198],{"class":50},[44,58652,55],{"class":54},[44,58654,3744],{"class":115},[44,58656,112],{"class":58},[44,58658,58659],{"class":62},"apple pie",[44,58661,112],{"class":58},[44,58663,129],{"class":115},[44,58665,59],{"class":58},[44,58667,4216],{"class":62},[44,58669,112],{"class":58},[44,58671,129],{"class":115},[44,58673,59],{"class":58},[44,58675,58659],{"class":62},[44,58677,112],{"class":58},[44,58679,3757],{"class":115},[44,58681,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58683,142],{"class":141},[44,58685,123],{"class":115},[44,58687,4242],{"class":119},[44,58689,116],{"class":115},[44,58691,41397],{"class":119},[44,58693,123],{"class":115},[44,58695,112],{"class":58},[44,58697,4207],{"class":62},[44,58699,112],{"class":58},[44,58701,5495],{"class":115},[44,58703,51377],{"class":3787},[20,58705,2610,58706,1995],{},[15,58707,2240],{},[20,58709,29197,58710,58712,58713,116],{},[15,58711,57964],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58714,58715],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58717,58718,58719,116],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58720,58721],{},"str.count()",[1474,58723,1707,58725,8594,58727,3000,58729],{"id":58724},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58726,57421],{},[15,58728,3724],{},[15,58730,3798],{},[20,58732,58733,58735],{},[15,58734,57421],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,58737,58739],{"className":37,"code":58738,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58740,58741,58765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58742,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757,58759,58761,58763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58744,3739],{"class":50},[44,58746,55],{"class":54},[44,58748,3744],{"class":115},[44,58750,3111],{"class":77},[44,58752,129],{"class":115},[44,58754,3116],{"class":77},[44,58756,129],{"class":115},[44,58758,3116],{"class":77},[44,58760,129],{"class":115},[44,58762,2573],{"class":77},[44,58764,3757],{"class":115},[44,58766,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58768,142],{"class":141},[44,58770,123],{"class":115},[44,58772,3771],{"class":119},[44,58774,116],{"class":115},[44,58776,41397],{"class":119},[44,58778,123],{"class":115},[44,58780,2177],{"class":77},[44,58782,5495],{"class":115},[44,58784,51545],{"class":3787},[20,58786,58787],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,58789,58791],{"className":37,"code":58790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58792,58793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58794,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58796,142],{"class":141},[44,58798,123],{"class":115},[44,58800,2177],{"class":77},[44,58802,21311],{"class":4003},[44,58804,4392],{"class":119},[44,58806,3784],{"class":115},[44,58808,3788],{"class":3787},[1474,58810,58812],{"id":58811},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,58814,58816],{"className":37,"code":58815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58817,58818,58851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58819,58820,58822,58824,58826,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58847,58849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58821,5126],{"class":50},[44,58823,55],{"class":54},[44,58825,3744],{"class":115},[44,58827,112],{"class":58},[44,58829,280],{"class":62},[44,58831,112],{"class":58},[44,58833,129],{"class":115},[44,58835,59],{"class":58},[44,58837,20355],{"class":62},[44,58839,112],{"class":58},[44,58841,129],{"class":115},[44,58843,59],{"class":58},[44,58845,58846],{"class":62},"SAM",[44,58848,112],{"class":58},[44,58850,3757],{"class":115},[44,58852,58853,58855,58857,58859,58861,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58854,142],{"class":141},[44,58856,123],{"class":115},[44,58858,5170],{"class":119},[44,58860,116],{"class":115},[44,58862,41397],{"class":119},[44,58864,123],{"class":115},[44,58866,112],{"class":58},[44,58868,20355],{"class":62},[44,58870,112],{"class":58},[44,58872,5495],{"class":115},[44,58874,27915],{"class":3787},[20,58876,58877,58878,58881],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58879,58880],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1474,58883,29786,58885,33685],{"id":58884},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58886,57421],{},[20,58888,58889],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,58891,58893],{"className":37,"code":58892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58894,58895,58905,58919,58937,58951,58963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58896,58897,58899,58901,58903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58898,142],{"class":141},[44,58900,123],{"class":115},[44,58902,8477],{"class":119},[44,58904,135],{"class":115},[44,58906,58907,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,58908,142],{"class":141},[44,58910,123],{"class":115},[44,58912,1297],{"class":1296},[44,58914,123],{"class":115},[44,58916,8477],{"class":119},[44,58918,567],{"class":115},[44,58920,58921,58923,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,58922,142],{"class":141},[44,58924,123],{"class":115},[44,58926,8477],{"class":119},[44,58928,116],{"class":115},[44,58930,41397],{"class":119},[44,58932,123],{"class":115},[44,58934,379],{"class":119},[44,58936,567],{"class":115},[44,58938,58939,58941,58943,58945,58947,58949],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,58940,142],{"class":141},[44,58942,123],{"class":115},[44,58944,2568],{"class":119},[44,58946,887],{"class":4003},[44,58948,8534],{"class":119},[44,58950,135],{"class":115},[44,58952,58953,58955,58957,58959,58961],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,58954,6093],{"class":4003},[44,58956,6096],{"class":50},[44,58958,887],{"class":4003},[44,58960,8534],{"class":50},[44,58962,6530],{"class":115},[44,58964,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,58966,8206],{"class":141},[44,58968,123],{"class":115},[44,58970,41917],{"class":141},[44,58972,123],{"class":115},[44,58974,23446],{"class":119},[44,58976,567],{"class":115},[20,58978,58979],{},"These checks can help you see:",[218,58981,58982,58985,58988],{},[221,58983,58984],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[221,58986,58987],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[221,58989,58990],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58992,58993],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[218,58995,58996,59001,59004,59011],{},[221,58997,50622,58998,59000],{},[15,58999,57421],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[221,59002,59003],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[221,59005,11247,59006,59008,59009],{},[15,59007,57426],{}," with string ",[15,59010,57421],{},[221,59012,59013],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[30,59015,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,59017,12844,59019,59021],{"id":59018},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,59020,57426],{}," change the list?",[20,59023,59024],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1474,59026,59028],{"id":59027},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,59030,12051,59031,116],{},[15,59032,2240],{},[1474,59034,5302,59036,59038],{"id":59035},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,59037,57426],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,59040,59041],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1474,59043,2006,59045,59047],{"id":59044},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,59046,57426],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,59049,42290,59050,536,59052,59054],{},[15,59051,57967],{},[15,59053,57964],{}," are different values.",[1474,59056,5290,59058,59060,59061,1995],{"id":59057},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59059,3724],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59062,3111],{},[20,59064,8925,59065,59067,59068,536,59070,59067,59072,116],{},[15,59066,3724],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59069,3111],{},[15,59071,3798],{},[15,59073,2240],{},[30,59075,2019],{"id":2018},[218,59077,59078,59082,59088,59092,59100,59107],{},[221,59079,59080],{},[200,59081,52901],{"href":51109},[221,59083,59084],{},[200,59085,59087],{"href":59086},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[221,59089,59090],{},[200,59091,7073],{"href":6333},[221,59093,59094],{},[200,59095,55650,59097,10880],{"href":59096},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59098,59099],{},"index()",[221,59101,59102],{},[200,59103,1013,59105],{"href":59104},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59106,42498],{},[221,59108,59109],{},[200,59110,59111],{"href":58625},"What is a list in Python",[2048,59113,59114],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":59116},[59117,59118,59120,59121,59122,59128,59134,59136,59144,59155],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":57518,"depth":69,"text":59119},"What list.count() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":38156,"depth":69,"text":38157},{"id":57840,"depth":69,"text":57841,"children":59123},[59124,59125,59127],{"id":57872,"depth":81,"text":57873},{"id":57971,"depth":81,"text":59126},"1 and True can match",{"id":58070,"depth":81,"text":58071},{"id":58148,"depth":69,"text":58149,"children":59129},[59130,59131,59132,59133],{"id":58152,"depth":81,"text":58153},{"id":58231,"depth":81,"text":58232},{"id":58328,"depth":81,"text":58329},{"id":58403,"depth":81,"text":58404},{"id":58504,"depth":69,"text":59135},"When to use count()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":59137},[59138,59139,59141,59142],{"id":58635,"depth":81,"text":58636},{"id":58724,"depth":81,"text":59140},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58811,"depth":81,"text":58812},{"id":58884,"depth":81,"text":59143},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":59145},[59146,59148,59149,59151,59153],{"id":59018,"depth":81,"text":59147},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":59027,"depth":81,"text":59028},{"id":59035,"depth":81,"text":59150},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":59044,"depth":81,"text":59152},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59057,"depth":81,"text":59154},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57413,"description":59156},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59163,"title":59164,"body":59165,"description":61128,"extension":2084,"meta":61129,"navigation":84,"path":61130,"seo":61131,"stem":61132,"__hash__":61133},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59166,"toc":61091},[59167,59170,59173,59175,59303,59307,59388,59399,59401,59420,59424,59427,59430,59448,59450,59493,59497,59522,59531,59535,59540,59543,59660,59664,59733,59737,59749,59753,59756,59797,59801,59814,59817,59902,59906,59939,59946,59952,59957,59959,59971,59975,60008,60012,60044,60048,60085,60089,60109,60113,60147,60151,60180,60191,60195,60198,60201,60214,60271,60275,60314,60320,60323,60325,60328,60332,60335,60360,60362,60387,60394,60397,60442,60446,60465,60468,60507,60514,60519,60553,60557,60658,60665,60698,60702,60728,60732,60735,60773,60776,60813,60817,60820,60839,60843,60904,60906,60924,60928,60931,60934,60963,60965,60969,60972,60980,60984,60987,61007,61013,61019,61023,61026,61033,61041,61043,61082,61088],[10,59168,59164],{"id":59169},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59171,59172],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[30,59174,3729],{"id":3728},[35,59176,59178],{"className":37,"code":59177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59179,59180,59200,59232,59240,59258,59262,59272,59282,59293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59181,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59183,3739],{"class":50},[44,59185,55],{"class":54},[44,59187,3744],{"class":115},[44,59189,3111],{"class":77},[44,59191,129],{"class":115},[44,59193,3116],{"class":77},[44,59195,129],{"class":115},[44,59197,2573],{"class":77},[44,59199,3757],{"class":115},[44,59201,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212,59214,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228,59230],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59203,5126],{"class":50},[44,59205,55],{"class":54},[44,59207,3744],{"class":115},[44,59209,112],{"class":58},[44,59211,833],{"class":62},[44,59213,112],{"class":58},[44,59215,129],{"class":115},[44,59217,59],{"class":58},[44,59219,36077],{"class":62},[44,59221,112],{"class":58},[44,59223,129],{"class":115},[44,59225,59],{"class":58},[44,59227,36086],{"class":62},[44,59229,112],{"class":58},[44,59231,3757],{"class":115},[44,59233,59234,59236,59238],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,59235,56061],{"class":50},[44,59237,55],{"class":54},[44,59239,7977],{"class":115},[44,59241,59242,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254,59256],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,59243,36227],{"class":50},[44,59245,55],{"class":54},[44,59247,22695],{"class":1296},[44,59249,123],{"class":115},[44,59251,112],{"class":58},[44,59253,41698],{"class":62},[44,59255,112],{"class":58},[44,59257,135],{"class":115},[44,59259,59260],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,59261,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,59263,59264,59266,59268,59270],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,59265,142],{"class":141},[44,59267,123],{"class":115},[44,59269,3771],{"class":119},[44,59271,135],{"class":115},[44,59273,59274,59276,59278,59280],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,59275,142],{"class":141},[44,59277,123],{"class":115},[44,59279,5170],{"class":119},[44,59281,135],{"class":115},[44,59283,59284,59286,59288,59291],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,59285,142],{"class":141},[44,59287,123],{"class":115},[44,59289,59290],{"class":119},"empty_list",[44,59292,135],{"class":115},[44,59294,59295,59297,59299,59301],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,59296,142],{"class":141},[44,59298,123],{"class":115},[44,59300,36280],{"class":119},[44,59302,135],{"class":115},[20,59304,59305],{},[153,59306,155],{},[35,59308,59310],{"className":37,"code":59309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59311,59312,59328,59356,59360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59313,59314,59316,59318,59320,59322,59324,59326],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59315,4027],{"class":115},[44,59317,3111],{"class":77},[44,59319,129],{"class":115},[44,59321,3116],{"class":77},[44,59323,129],{"class":115},[44,59325,2573],{"class":77},[44,59327,3757],{"class":115},[44,59329,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346,59348,59350,59352,59354],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59331,4027],{"class":115},[44,59333,1338],{"class":58},[44,59335,833],{"class":62},[44,59337,1338],{"class":58},[44,59339,129],{"class":115},[44,59341,1332],{"class":58},[44,59343,36077],{"class":62},[44,59345,1338],{"class":58},[44,59347,129],{"class":115},[44,59349,1332],{"class":58},[44,59351,36086],{"class":62},[44,59353,1338],{"class":58},[44,59355,3757],{"class":115},[44,59357,59358],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,59359,38434],{"class":115},[44,59361,59362,59364,59366,59368,59370,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,59363,4027],{"class":115},[44,59365,1338],{"class":58},[44,59367,200],{"class":62},[44,59369,1338],{"class":58},[44,59371,129],{"class":115},[44,59373,1332],{"class":58},[44,59375,4891],{"class":62},[44,59377,1338],{"class":58},[44,59379,129],{"class":115},[44,59381,1332],{"class":58},[44,59383,9878],{"class":62},[44,59385,1338],{"class":58},[44,59387,3757],{"class":115},[20,59389,59390,59391,59393,59394,59396,59397,116],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59392,3913],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59395,24916],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59398,36335],{},[30,59400,15300],{"id":15299},[218,59402,59403,59406,59409,59412,59417],{},[221,59404,59405],{},"What a list is in Python",[221,59407,59408],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[221,59410,59411],{},"How to create an empty list",[221,59413,59414,59415,1215],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59416,24916],{},[221,59418,59419],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[30,59421,59423],{"id":59422},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59425,59426],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59428,59429],{},"This means:",[218,59431,59432,59435,59438,59441],{},[221,59433,59434],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[221,59436,59437],{},"The order of items is kept",[221,59439,59440],{},"A list can hold different data types",[221,59442,59443,59444,59447],{},"A list is ",[153,59445,59446],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59449,238],{},[35,59451,59453],{"className":37,"code":59452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59454,59455,59479,59483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59456,59457,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469,59471,59473,59475,59477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59458,7917],{"class":50},[44,59460,55],{"class":54},[44,59462,3744],{"class":115},[44,59464,112],{"class":58},[44,59466,4207],{"class":62},[44,59468,112],{"class":58},[44,59470,129],{"class":115},[44,59472,6140],{"class":77},[44,59474,129],{"class":115},[44,59476,4043],{"class":3978},[44,59478,3757],{"class":115},[44,59480,59481],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59482,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,59484,59485,59487,59489,59491],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,59486,142],{"class":141},[44,59488,123],{"class":115},[44,59490,7948],{"class":119},[44,59492,135],{"class":115},[20,59494,59495],{},[153,59496,155],{},[35,59498,59500],{"className":37,"code":59499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59501,59502],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59503,59504,59506,59508,59510,59512,59514,59516,59518,59520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59505,4027],{"class":115},[44,59507,1338],{"class":58},[44,59509,4207],{"class":62},[44,59511,1338],{"class":58},[44,59513,129],{"class":115},[44,59515,6140],{"class":77},[44,59517,129],{"class":115},[44,59519,4043],{"class":3978},[44,59521,3757],{"class":115},[20,59523,59524,59525,3000,59528,116],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[200,59526,59527],{"href":51109},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[200,59529,59530],{"href":58625},"What is a List in Python?",[30,59532,59534],{"id":59533},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59536,59390,59537,59539],{},[15,59538,3913],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59541,59542],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,59544,59546],{"className":37,"code":59545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59547,59548,59568,59600,59625,59629,59639,59649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59549,59550,59552,59554,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59551,3739],{"class":50},[44,59553,55],{"class":54},[44,59555,3744],{"class":115},[44,59557,3111],{"class":77},[44,59559,129],{"class":115},[44,59561,3116],{"class":77},[44,59563,129],{"class":115},[44,59565,2573],{"class":77},[44,59567,3757],{"class":115},[44,59569,59570,59572,59574,59576,59578,59580,59582,59584,59586,59588,59590,59592,59594,59596,59598],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59571,5126],{"class":50},[44,59573,55],{"class":54},[44,59575,3744],{"class":115},[44,59577,112],{"class":58},[44,59579,833],{"class":62},[44,59581,112],{"class":58},[44,59583,129],{"class":115},[44,59585,59],{"class":58},[44,59587,36077],{"class":62},[44,59589,112],{"class":58},[44,59591,129],{"class":115},[44,59593,59],{"class":58},[44,59595,36086],{"class":62},[44,59597,112],{"class":58},[44,59599,3757],{"class":115},[44,59601,59602,59605,59607,59609,59611,59613,59615,59617,59619,59621,59623],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,59603,59604],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,59606,55],{"class":54},[44,59608,3744],{"class":115},[44,59610,2451],{"class":77},[44,59612,129],{"class":115},[44,59614,59],{"class":58},[44,59616,3971],{"class":62},[44,59618,112],{"class":58},[44,59620,129],{"class":115},[44,59622,4034],{"class":3978},[44,59624,3757],{"class":115},[44,59626,59627],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,59628,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,59630,59631,59633,59635,59637],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,59632,142],{"class":141},[44,59634,123],{"class":115},[44,59636,3771],{"class":119},[44,59638,135],{"class":115},[44,59640,59641,59643,59645,59647],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,59642,142],{"class":141},[44,59644,123],{"class":115},[44,59646,5170],{"class":119},[44,59648,135],{"class":115},[44,59650,59651,59653,59655,59658],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,59652,142],{"class":141},[44,59654,123],{"class":115},[44,59656,59657],{"class":119},"mixed",[44,59659,135],{"class":115},[20,59661,59662],{},[153,59663,155],{},[35,59665,59667],{"className":37,"code":59666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59668,59669,59685,59713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59670,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59672,4027],{"class":115},[44,59674,3111],{"class":77},[44,59676,129],{"class":115},[44,59678,3116],{"class":77},[44,59680,129],{"class":115},[44,59682,2573],{"class":77},[44,59684,3757],{"class":115},[44,59686,59687,59689,59691,59693,59695,59697,59699,59701,59703,59705,59707,59709,59711],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59688,4027],{"class":115},[44,59690,1338],{"class":58},[44,59692,833],{"class":62},[44,59694,1338],{"class":58},[44,59696,129],{"class":115},[44,59698,1332],{"class":58},[44,59700,36077],{"class":62},[44,59702,1338],{"class":58},[44,59704,129],{"class":115},[44,59706,1332],{"class":58},[44,59708,36086],{"class":62},[44,59710,1338],{"class":58},[44,59712,3757],{"class":115},[44,59714,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725,59727,59729,59731],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,59716,4027],{"class":115},[44,59718,2451],{"class":77},[44,59720,129],{"class":115},[44,59722,1332],{"class":58},[44,59724,3971],{"class":62},[44,59726,1338],{"class":58},[44,59728,129],{"class":115},[44,59730,4034],{"class":3978},[44,59732,3757],{"class":115},[1474,59734,59736],{"id":59735},"key-points","Key points",[218,59738,59739,59744,59746],{},[221,59740,189,59741,59743],{},[15,59742,3913],{}," to make a new list",[221,59745,15570],{},[221,59747,59748],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[30,59750,59752],{"id":59751},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59754,59755],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,59757,59759],{"className":37,"code":59758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59760,59761,59769,59773,59783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59762,59763,59765,59767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59764,8446],{"class":50},[44,59766,55],{"class":54},[44,59768,7977],{"class":115},[44,59770,59771],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59772,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,59774,59775,59777,59779,59781],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,59776,142],{"class":141},[44,59778,123],{"class":115},[44,59780,8477],{"class":119},[44,59782,135],{"class":115},[44,59784,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,59786,142],{"class":141},[44,59788,123],{"class":115},[44,59790,11302],{"class":141},[44,59792,123],{"class":115},[44,59794,8477],{"class":119},[44,59796,567],{"class":115},[20,59798,59799],{},[153,59800,155],{},[35,59802,59804],{"className":37,"code":59803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,59805,59806,59810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59807,59808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59809,38434],{"class":115},[44,59811,59812],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59813,47383],{"class":77},[20,59815,59816],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,59818,59820],{"className":37,"code":59819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59821,59822,59830,59834,59852,59870,59888,59892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59823,59824,59826,59828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59825,5126],{"class":50},[44,59827,55],{"class":54},[44,59829,7977],{"class":115},[44,59831,59832],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,59833,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,59835,59836,59838,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848,59850],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,59837,5170],{"class":50},[44,59839,116],{"class":115},[44,59841,13691],{"class":119},[44,59843,123],{"class":115},[44,59845,112],{"class":58},[44,59847,833],{"class":62},[44,59849,112],{"class":58},[44,59851,135],{"class":115},[44,59853,59854,59856,59858,59860,59862,59864,59866,59868],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,59855,5170],{"class":50},[44,59857,116],{"class":115},[44,59859,13691],{"class":119},[44,59861,123],{"class":115},[44,59863,112],{"class":58},[44,59865,36077],{"class":62},[44,59867,112],{"class":58},[44,59869,135],{"class":115},[44,59871,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,59873,5170],{"class":50},[44,59875,116],{"class":115},[44,59877,13691],{"class":119},[44,59879,123],{"class":115},[44,59881,112],{"class":58},[44,59883,36086],{"class":62},[44,59885,112],{"class":58},[44,59887,135],{"class":115},[44,59889,59890],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,59891,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,59893,59894,59896,59898,59900],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,59895,142],{"class":141},[44,59897,123],{"class":115},[44,59899,5170],{"class":119},[44,59901,135],{"class":115},[20,59903,59904],{},[153,59905,155],{},[35,59907,59909],{"className":37,"code":59908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59910,59911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59912,59913,59915,59917,59919,59921,59923,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59914,4027],{"class":115},[44,59916,1338],{"class":58},[44,59918,833],{"class":62},[44,59920,1338],{"class":58},[44,59922,129],{"class":115},[44,59924,1332],{"class":58},[44,59926,36077],{"class":62},[44,59928,1338],{"class":58},[44,59930,129],{"class":115},[44,59932,1332],{"class":58},[44,59934,36086],{"class":62},[44,59936,1338],{"class":58},[44,59938,3757],{"class":115},[20,59940,59941,59942,116],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[200,59943,59944,10880],{"href":56899},[15,59945,52782],{},[30,59947,59949,59950],{"id":59948},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59951,24916],{},[20,59953,189,59954,59956],{},[15,59955,24916],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59958,5591],{},[218,59960,59961,59963,59965,59967],{},[221,59962,5442],{},[221,59964,5436],{},[221,59966,5439],{},[221,59968,59969],{},[15,59970,36335],{},[1474,59972,59974],{"id":59973},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,59976,59978],{"className":37,"code":59977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59979,59980,59998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59981,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992,59994,59996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59983,36227],{"class":50},[44,59985,55],{"class":54},[44,59987,22695],{"class":1296},[44,59989,123],{"class":115},[44,59991,112],{"class":58},[44,59993,41698],{"class":62},[44,59995,112],{"class":58},[44,59997,135],{"class":115},[44,59999,60000,60002,60004,60006],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60001,142],{"class":141},[44,60003,123],{"class":115},[44,60005,36280],{"class":119},[44,60007,135],{"class":115},[20,60009,60010],{},[153,60011,155],{},[35,60013,60014],{"className":37,"code":43012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60015,60016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60017,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036,60038,60040,60042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60019,4027],{"class":115},[44,60021,1338],{"class":58},[44,60023,200],{"class":62},[44,60025,1338],{"class":58},[44,60027,129],{"class":115},[44,60029,1332],{"class":58},[44,60031,4891],{"class":62},[44,60033,1338],{"class":58},[44,60035,129],{"class":115},[44,60037,1332],{"class":58},[44,60039,9878],{"class":62},[44,60041,1338],{"class":58},[44,60043,3757],{"class":115},[1474,60045,60047],{"id":60046},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,60049,60051],{"className":37,"code":60050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60052,60053,60075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60054,60055,60057,60059,60061,60063,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60056,3739],{"class":50},[44,60058,55],{"class":54},[44,60060,22695],{"class":1296},[44,60062,5645],{"class":115},[44,60064,3111],{"class":77},[44,60066,129],{"class":115},[44,60068,3116],{"class":77},[44,60070,129],{"class":115},[44,60072,2573],{"class":77},[44,60074,567],{"class":115},[44,60076,60077,60079,60081,60083],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60078,142],{"class":141},[44,60080,123],{"class":115},[44,60082,3771],{"class":119},[44,60084,135],{"class":115},[20,60086,60087],{},[153,60088,155],{},[35,60090,60091],{"className":37,"code":55280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60092,60093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60094,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60096,4027],{"class":115},[44,60098,3111],{"class":77},[44,60100,129],{"class":115},[44,60102,3116],{"class":77},[44,60104,129],{"class":115},[44,60106,2573],{"class":77},[44,60108,3757],{"class":115},[1474,60110,60112],{"id":60111},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,60114,60116],{"className":37,"code":60115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60117,60118,60137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60119,60120,60122,60124,60126,60128,60131,60133,60135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60121,3948],{"class":50},[44,60123,55],{"class":54},[44,60125,22695],{"class":1296},[44,60127,123],{"class":115},[44,60129,60130],{"class":141},"range",[44,60132,123],{"class":115},[44,60134,2257],{"class":77},[44,60136,567],{"class":115},[44,60138,60139,60141,60143,60145],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60140,142],{"class":141},[44,60142,123],{"class":115},[44,60144,5492],{"class":119},[44,60146,135],{"class":115},[20,60148,60149],{},[153,60150,155],{},[35,60152,60154],{"className":37,"code":60153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60155,60156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60157,60158,60160,60162,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60159,4027],{"class":115},[44,60161,2240],{"class":77},[44,60163,129],{"class":115},[44,60165,5632],{"class":77},[44,60167,129],{"class":115},[44,60169,3116],{"class":77},[44,60171,129],{"class":115},[44,60173,2573],{"class":77},[44,60175,129],{"class":115},[44,60177,2579],{"class":77},[44,60179,3757],{"class":115},[20,60181,60182,60184,60185,116],{},[15,60183,24916],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[200,60186,60188,60190],{"href":60187},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60189,24916],{},": Function Explained",[30,60192,60194],{"id":60193},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60196,60197],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60199,60200],{},"Examples include:",[218,60202,60203,60205,60207,60209,60211],{},[221,60204,5442],{},[221,60206,40561],{},[221,60208,52176],{},[221,60210,40731],{},[221,60212,60213],{},"other lists",[35,60215,60217],{"className":37,"code":60216,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60218,60219,60257,60261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60220,60221,60223,60225,60227,60229,60231,60233,60235,60237,60239,60241,60243,60245,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60222,9306],{"class":50},[44,60224,55],{"class":54},[44,60226,3744],{"class":115},[44,60228,112],{"class":58},[44,60230,833],{"class":62},[44,60232,112],{"class":58},[44,60234,129],{"class":115},[44,60236,9444],{"class":77},[44,60238,129],{"class":115},[44,60240,4043],{"class":3978},[44,60242,129],{"class":115},[44,60244,3744],{"class":115},[44,60246,3111],{"class":77},[44,60248,129],{"class":115},[44,60250,3116],{"class":77},[44,60252,129],{"class":115},[44,60254,2573],{"class":77},[44,60256,53372],{"class":115},[44,60258,60259],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60260,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,60262,60263,60265,60267,60269],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,60264,142],{"class":141},[44,60266,123],{"class":115},[44,60268,9343],{"class":119},[44,60270,135],{"class":115},[20,60272,60273],{},[153,60274,155],{},[35,60276,60278],{"className":37,"code":60277,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60279,60280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60281,60282,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308,60310,60312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60283,4027],{"class":115},[44,60285,1338],{"class":58},[44,60287,833],{"class":62},[44,60289,1338],{"class":58},[44,60291,129],{"class":115},[44,60293,9444],{"class":77},[44,60295,129],{"class":115},[44,60297,4043],{"class":3978},[44,60299,129],{"class":115},[44,60301,3744],{"class":115},[44,60303,3111],{"class":77},[44,60305,129],{"class":115},[44,60307,3116],{"class":77},[44,60309,129],{"class":115},[44,60311,2573],{"class":77},[44,60313,53372],{"class":115},[20,60315,60316,60317,116],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[153,60318,60319],{},"nested list",[20,60321,60322],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[30,60324,4648],{"id":4647},[20,60326,60327],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1474,60329,60331],{"id":60330},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60333,60334],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,60336,60338],{"className":37,"code":60337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60339,60340,60344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60341,60342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60343,4665],{"class":3787},[44,60345,60346,60348,60350,60352,60354,60356,60358],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60347,3739],{"class":50},[44,60349,55],{"class":54},[44,60351,3744],{"class":115},[44,60353,3111],{"class":77},[44,60355,3116],{"class":77},[44,60357,2573],{"class":77},[44,60359,3757],{"class":115},[20,60361,10947],{},[35,60363,60365],{"className":37,"code":60364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60366,60367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60368,60369,60371,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60370,3739],{"class":50},[44,60372,55],{"class":54},[44,60374,3744],{"class":115},[44,60376,3111],{"class":77},[44,60378,129],{"class":115},[44,60380,3116],{"class":77},[44,60382,129],{"class":115},[44,60384,2573],{"class":77},[44,60386,3757],{"class":115},[1474,60388,8556,60390,11232,60392],{"id":60389},"using-instead-of",[15,60391,7504],{},[15,60393,3913],{},[20,60395,60396],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,60398,60400],{"className":37,"code":60399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60401,60402,60423,60427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60403,60404,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417,60419,60421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60405,60406],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,60408,55],{"class":54},[44,60410,9375],{"class":115},[44,60412,3111],{"class":77},[44,60414,129],{"class":115},[44,60416,3116],{"class":77},[44,60418,129],{"class":115},[44,60420,2573],{"class":77},[44,60422,135],{"class":115},[44,60424,60425],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60426,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,60428,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60440],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,60430,142],{"class":141},[44,60432,123],{"class":115},[44,60434,1297],{"class":1296},[44,60436,123],{"class":115},[44,60438,60439],{"class":119},"my_values",[44,60441,567],{"class":115},[20,60443,60444],{},[153,60445,155],{},[35,60447,60449],{"className":37,"code":60448,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60450,60451],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60452,60453,60455,60457,60459,60461,60463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60454,1326],{"class":54},[44,60456,1329],{"class":1075},[44,60458,1332],{"class":58},[44,60460,49084],{"class":62},[44,60462,1338],{"class":58},[44,60464,1341],{"class":54},[20,60466,60467],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,60469,60471],{"className":37,"code":60470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60472,60473,60493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60474,60475,60477,60479,60481,60483,60485,60487,60489,60491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60476,60406],{"class":50},[44,60478,55],{"class":54},[44,60480,3744],{"class":115},[44,60482,3111],{"class":77},[44,60484,129],{"class":115},[44,60486,3116],{"class":77},[44,60488,129],{"class":115},[44,60490,2573],{"class":77},[44,60492,3757],{"class":115},[44,60494,60495,60497,60499,60501,60503,60505],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60496,142],{"class":141},[44,60498,123],{"class":115},[44,60500,1297],{"class":1296},[44,60502,123],{"class":115},[44,60504,60439],{"class":119},[44,60506,567],{"class":115},[1474,60508,1707,60510,60513],{"id":60509},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60511,60512],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60515,60516,60518],{},[15,60517,24916],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,60520,60522],{"className":37,"code":60521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60523,60524,60543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60525,60526,60528,60530,60532,60534,60536,60539,60541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60527,2351],{"class":50},[44,60529,55],{"class":54},[44,60531,22695],{"class":1296},[44,60533,123],{"class":115},[44,60535,112],{"class":58},[44,60537,60538],{"class":62},"hello world",[44,60540,112],{"class":58},[44,60542,135],{"class":115},[44,60544,60545,60547,60549,60551],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60546,142],{"class":141},[44,60548,123],{"class":115},[44,60550,2386],{"class":119},[44,60552,135],{"class":115},[20,60554,60555],{},[153,60556,155],{},[35,60558,60560],{"className":37,"code":60559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60561,60562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60563,60564,60566,60568,60571,60573,60575,60577,60580,60582,60584,60586,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599,60601,60603,60606,60608,60610,60612,60614,60616,60618,60621,60623,60625,60627,60629,60631,60633,60635,60638,60640,60642,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654,60656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60565,4027],{"class":115},[44,60567,1338],{"class":58},[44,60569,60570],{"class":62},"h",[44,60572,1338],{"class":58},[44,60574,129],{"class":115},[44,60576,1332],{"class":58},[44,60578,60579],{"class":62},"e",[44,60581,1338],{"class":58},[44,60583,129],{"class":115},[44,60585,1332],{"class":58},[44,60587,60588],{"class":62},"l",[44,60590,1338],{"class":58},[44,60592,129],{"class":115},[44,60594,1332],{"class":58},[44,60596,60588],{"class":62},[44,60598,1338],{"class":58},[44,60600,129],{"class":115},[44,60602,1332],{"class":58},[44,60604,60605],{"class":62},"o",[44,60607,1338],{"class":58},[44,60609,129],{"class":115},[44,60611,1332],{"class":58},[44,60613,1332],{"class":58},[44,60615,129],{"class":115},[44,60617,1332],{"class":58},[44,60619,60620],{"class":62},"w",[44,60622,1338],{"class":58},[44,60624,129],{"class":115},[44,60626,1332],{"class":58},[44,60628,60605],{"class":62},[44,60630,1338],{"class":58},[44,60632,129],{"class":115},[44,60634,1332],{"class":58},[44,60636,60637],{"class":62},"r",[44,60639,1338],{"class":58},[44,60641,129],{"class":115},[44,60643,1332],{"class":58},[44,60645,60588],{"class":62},[44,60647,1338],{"class":58},[44,60649,129],{"class":115},[44,60651,1332],{"class":58},[44,60653,18905],{"class":62},[44,60655,1338],{"class":58},[44,60657,3757],{"class":115},[20,60659,60660,60661,60664],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60662,60663],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,60666,60668],{"className":37,"code":60667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60669,60670,60688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60671,60672,60674,60676,60678,60680,60682,60684,60686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60673,4198],{"class":50},[44,60675,55],{"class":54},[44,60677,59],{"class":58},[44,60679,60538],{"class":62},[44,60681,112],{"class":58},[44,60683,116],{"class":115},[44,60685,34606],{"class":119},[44,60687,8782],{"class":115},[44,60689,60690,60692,60694,60696],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60691,142],{"class":141},[44,60693,123],{"class":115},[44,60695,4242],{"class":119},[44,60697,135],{"class":115},[20,60699,60700],{},[153,60701,155],{},[35,60703,60705],{"className":37,"code":60704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60706,60707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60708,60709,60711,60713,60715,60717,60719,60721,60724,60726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60710,4027],{"class":115},[44,60712,1338],{"class":58},[44,60714,3971],{"class":62},[44,60716,1338],{"class":58},[44,60718,129],{"class":115},[44,60720,1332],{"class":58},[44,60722,60723],{"class":62},"world",[44,60725,1338],{"class":58},[44,60727,3757],{"class":115},[1474,60729,60731],{"id":60730},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60733,60734],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,60736,60738],{"className":37,"code":60737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60739,60740,60744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60741,60742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60743,4665],{"class":3787},[44,60745,60746,60748,60750,60752,60754,60756,60758,60760,60762,60765,60767,60769,60771],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60747,5126],{"class":50},[44,60749,55],{"class":54},[44,60751,3744],{"class":115},[44,60753,112],{"class":58},[44,60755,833],{"class":62},[44,60757,112],{"class":58},[44,60759,129],{"class":115},[44,60761,59],{"class":58},[44,60763,60764],{"class":62},"Ben', ",[44,60766,112],{"class":58},[44,60768,36086],{"class":50},[44,60770,112],{"class":58},[44,60772,3757],{"class":62},[20,60774,60775],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,60777,60779],{"className":37,"code":60778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60780,60781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60782,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803,60805,60807,60809,60811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60784,5126],{"class":50},[44,60786,55],{"class":54},[44,60788,3744],{"class":115},[44,60790,112],{"class":58},[44,60792,833],{"class":62},[44,60794,112],{"class":58},[44,60796,129],{"class":115},[44,60798,59],{"class":58},[44,60800,36077],{"class":62},[44,60802,112],{"class":58},[44,60804,129],{"class":115},[44,60806,59],{"class":58},[44,60808,36086],{"class":62},[44,60810,112],{"class":58},[44,60812,3757],{"class":115},[1474,60814,60816],{"id":60815},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60818,60819],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[218,60821,60822,60825,60828,60833],{},[221,60823,60824],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[221,60826,60827],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[221,60829,60830,60831],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60832,24916],{},[221,60834,1707,60835,60838],{},[15,60836,60837],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1474,60840,60842],{"id":60841},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[35,60844,60846],{"className":37,"code":60845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60847,60848,60858,60872,60886],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60849,60850,60852,60854,60856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60851,142],{"class":141},[44,60853,123],{"class":115},[44,60855,8477],{"class":119},[44,60857,135],{"class":115},[44,60859,60860,60862,60864,60866,60868,60870],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,60861,142],{"class":141},[44,60863,123],{"class":115},[44,60865,1297],{"class":1296},[44,60867,123],{"class":115},[44,60869,8477],{"class":119},[44,60871,567],{"class":115},[44,60873,60874,60876,60878,60880,60882,60884],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,60875,142],{"class":141},[44,60877,123],{"class":115},[44,60879,11302],{"class":141},[44,60881,123],{"class":115},[44,60883,8477],{"class":119},[44,60885,567],{"class":115},[44,60887,60888,60890,60892,60894,60896,60898,60900,60902],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,60889,142],{"class":141},[44,60891,123],{"class":115},[44,60893,8231],{"class":1296},[44,60895,123],{"class":115},[44,60897,60130],{"class":141},[44,60899,123],{"class":115},[44,60901,2257],{"class":77},[44,60903,3034],{"class":115},[20,60905,26143],{},[218,60907,60908,60911,60914,60917],{},[221,60909,60910],{},"what the list contains",[221,60912,60913],{},"whether the value is really a list",[221,60915,60916],{},"how many items it has",[221,60918,26154,60919,60921,60922],{},[15,60920,24916],{}," does with ",[15,60923,36335],{},[30,60925,60927],{"id":60926},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60929,60930],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60932,60933],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[218,60935,60936,60951,60956],{},[221,60937,189,60938,2310,60942,17210,60946,60950],{},[200,60939,60940],{"href":56899},[15,60941,52782],{},[200,60943,60944],{"href":53474},[15,60945,53576],{},[200,60947,60948],{"href":54038},[15,60949,54398],{}," to add items later",[221,60952,189,60953,60955],{},[200,60954,59527],{"href":51109}," for a broader introduction",[221,60957,189,60958,60962],{},[200,60959,60960,60190],{"href":60187},[15,60961,24916],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[30,60964,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,60966,60968],{"id":60967},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60970,60971],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,60973,60974],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60975,60976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60977,60978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60979,38434],{"class":115},[1474,60981,60983],{"id":60982},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60985,60986],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,60988,60989],{"className":37,"code":55280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60990,60991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60992,60993,60995,60997,60999,61001,61003,61005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60994,4027],{"class":115},[44,60996,3111],{"class":77},[44,60998,129],{"class":115},[44,61000,3116],{"class":77},[44,61002,129],{"class":115},[44,61004,2573],{"class":77},[44,61006,3757],{"class":115},[1474,61008,5274,61010,61012],{"id":61009},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,61011,24916],{}," do in Python?",[20,61014,61015,61016,61018],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,61017,36335],{},", into a list.",[1474,61020,61022],{"id":61021},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,61024,61025],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1474,61027,5312,61029,536,61031,1995],{"id":61028},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,61030,3913],{},[15,61032,7504],{},[20,61034,61035,61037,61038,61040],{},[15,61036,3913],{}," creates a list. ",[15,61039,7504],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[30,61042,2019],{"id":2018},[218,61044,61045,61049,61055,61061,61067,61073,61077],{},[221,61046,61047],{},[200,61048,59527],{"href":51109},[221,61050,61051],{},[200,61052,55650,61053,18],{"href":56899},[15,61054,52782],{},[221,61056,61057],{},[200,61058,55650,61059,18],{"href":53474},[15,61060,53576],{},[221,61062,61063],{},[200,61064,55650,61065,18],{"href":54038},[15,61066,54398],{},[221,61068,61069],{},[200,61070,1013,61071,3699],{"href":60187},[15,61072,24916],{},[221,61074,61075],{},[200,61076,59530],{"href":58625},[221,61078,61079],{},[200,61080,61081],{"href":12205},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61083,61084,61085,61087],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61086,52782],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2048,61089,61090],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":61092},[61093,61094,61095,61096,61099,61100,61106,61107,61117,61118,61127],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":15299,"depth":69,"text":15300},{"id":59422,"depth":69,"text":59423},{"id":59533,"depth":69,"text":59534,"children":61097},[61098],{"id":59735,"depth":81,"text":59736},{"id":59751,"depth":69,"text":59752},{"id":59948,"depth":69,"text":61101,"children":61102},"Create a list with list()",[61103,61104,61105],{"id":59973,"depth":81,"text":59974},{"id":60046,"depth":81,"text":60047},{"id":60111,"depth":81,"text":60112},{"id":60193,"depth":69,"text":60194},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":61108},[61109,61110,61112,61114,61115,61116],{"id":60330,"depth":81,"text":60331},{"id":60389,"depth":81,"text":61111},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60509,"depth":81,"text":61113},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60730,"depth":81,"text":60731},{"id":60815,"depth":81,"text":60816},{"id":60841,"depth":81,"text":60842},{"id":60926,"depth":69,"text":60927},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":61119},[61120,61121,61122,61124,61125],{"id":60967,"depth":81,"text":60968},{"id":60982,"depth":81,"text":60983},{"id":61009,"depth":81,"text":61123},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":61021,"depth":81,"text":61022},{"id":61028,"depth":81,"text":61126},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59164,"description":61128},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61135,"title":61136,"body":61137,"description":62878,"extension":2084,"meta":62879,"navigation":84,"path":62880,"seo":62881,"stem":62882,"__hash__":62883},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61138,"toc":62833},[61139,61144,61149,61152,61154,61225,61230,61235,61239,61253,61258,61260,61280,61285,61288,61311,61315,61320,61412,61414,61436,61442,61448,61455,61462,61468,61525,61531,61589,61591,61603,61611,61617,61622,61626,61683,61686,61690,61749,61752,61756,61814,61826,61830,61883,61886,61890,61896,61902,61964,61967,62028,62031,62087,62092,62094,62098,62105,62166,62171,62180,62236,62243,62247,62305,62314,62372,62376,62411,62415,62425,62428,62483,62497,62500,62615,62620,62624,62635,62637,62716,62726,62728,62733,62738,62745,62753,62759,62762,62768,62771,62777,62783,62785,62821,62830],[10,61140,54472,61142,18],{"id":61141},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61143,53576],{},[20,61145,61146,61148],{},[15,61147,53477],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61150,61151],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[30,61153,33],{"id":32},[35,61155,61157],{"className":37,"code":61156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61158,61159,61175,61192,61196,61211,61221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61160,61161,61163,61165,61167,61169,61171,61173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61162,3739],{"class":50},[44,61164,55],{"class":54},[44,61166,3744],{"class":115},[44,61168,3111],{"class":77},[44,61170,129],{"class":115},[44,61172,3116],{"class":77},[44,61174,3757],{"class":115},[44,61176,61177,61180,61182,61184,61186,61188,61190],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61178,61179],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,61181,55],{"class":54},[44,61183,3744],{"class":115},[44,61185,2183],{"class":77},[44,61187,129],{"class":115},[44,61189,2579],{"class":77},[44,61191,3757],{"class":115},[44,61193,61194],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,61195,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61197,61198,61200,61202,61204,61206,61209],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,61199,3771],{"class":50},[44,61201,116],{"class":115},[44,61203,53606],{"class":119},[44,61205,123],{"class":115},[44,61207,61208],{"class":119},"more_numbers",[44,61210,135],{"class":115},[44,61212,61213,61215,61217,61219],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,61214,142],{"class":141},[44,61216,123],{"class":115},[44,61218,3771],{"class":119},[44,61220,135],{"class":115},[44,61222,61223],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,61224,52853],{"class":3787},[20,61226,189,61227,61229],{},[15,61228,53576],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[30,61231,3802,61233,3805],{"id":61232},"what-listextend-does",[15,61234,53477],{},[20,61236,61237,790],{},[15,61238,53576],{},[218,61240,61241,61244,61246,61249],{},[221,61242,61243],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[221,61245,54558],{},[221,61247,61248],{},"Does not create a new list",[221,61250,11563,61251],{},[15,61252,3904],{},[20,61254,61255,61256,53931],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61257,53576],{},[30,61259,351],{"id":350},[35,61261,61263],{"className":37,"code":61262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61264,61265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61266,61267,61270,61272,61274,61276,61278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61268,61269],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,61271,116],{"class":115},[44,61273,53606],{"class":119},[44,61275,123],{"class":115},[44,61277,3846],{"class":119},[44,61279,135],{"class":115},[20,61281,5586,61282,61284],{},[153,61283,3846],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61286,61287],{},"Common iterables include:",[218,61289,61290,61294,61298,61302,61307],{},[221,61291,61292],{},[15,61293,8231],{},[221,61295,61296],{},[15,61297,49084],{},[221,61299,61300],{},[15,61301,6423],{},[221,61303,61304],{},[15,61305,61306],{},"string",[221,61308,61309],{},[15,61310,60130],{},[30,61312,61314],{"id":61313},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61316,61317,61318,790],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61319,53576],{},[35,61321,61323],{"className":37,"code":61322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61324,61325,61349,61374,61378,61393,61397,61407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61326,61327,61329,61331,61333,61335,61337,61339,61341,61343,61345,61347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61328,36376],{"class":50},[44,61330,55],{"class":54},[44,61332,3744],{"class":115},[44,61334,112],{"class":58},[44,61336,4207],{"class":62},[44,61338,112],{"class":58},[44,61340,129],{"class":115},[44,61342,59],{"class":58},[44,61344,4216],{"class":62},[44,61346,112],{"class":58},[44,61348,3757],{"class":115},[44,61350,61351,61354,61356,61358,61360,61362,61364,61366,61368,61370,61372],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61352,61353],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,61355,55],{"class":54},[44,61357,3744],{"class":115},[44,61359,112],{"class":58},[44,61361,33357],{"class":62},[44,61363,112],{"class":58},[44,61365,129],{"class":115},[44,61367,59],{"class":58},[44,61369,22668],{"class":62},[44,61371,112],{"class":58},[44,61373,3757],{"class":115},[44,61375,61376],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,61377,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61379,61380,61382,61384,61386,61388,61391],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,61381,36428],{"class":50},[44,61383,116],{"class":115},[44,61385,53606],{"class":119},[44,61387,123],{"class":115},[44,61389,61390],{"class":119},"more_fruits",[44,61392,135],{"class":115},[44,61394,61395],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,61396,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61398,61399,61401,61403,61405],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,61400,142],{"class":141},[44,61402,123],{"class":115},[44,61404,36428],{"class":119},[44,61406,135],{"class":115},[44,61408,61409],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,61410,61411],{"class":3787},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61413,11823],{},[218,61415,61416,61421,61426],{},[221,61417,61418,61420],{},[15,61419,36428],{}," starts with two items",[221,61422,61423,61425],{},[15,61424,61390],{}," has two more items",[221,61427,61428,61430,61431,61433,61434],{},[15,61429,53576],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61432,61390],{}," to ",[15,61435,36428],{},[20,61437,61438,61439,61441],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61440,36428],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61443,54697,61444,536,61446,116],{},[200,61445,52901],{"href":51109},[200,61447,57285],{"href":57284},[30,61449,61451,10724,61453],{"id":61450},"extend-vs-append",[15,61452,53576],{},[15,61454,52782],{},[20,61456,61457,536,61459,61461],{},[15,61458,53576],{},[15,61460,52782],{}," are often confused.",[1474,61463,61465,61467],{"id":61464},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61466,53576],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,61469,61471],{"className":37,"code":61470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61472,61473,61489,61507,61511,61521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61474,61475,61477,61479,61481,61483,61485,61487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61476,3739],{"class":50},[44,61478,55],{"class":54},[44,61480,3744],{"class":115},[44,61482,3111],{"class":77},[44,61484,129],{"class":115},[44,61486,3116],{"class":77},[44,61488,3757],{"class":115},[44,61490,61491,61493,61495,61497,61499,61501,61503,61505],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61492,3771],{"class":50},[44,61494,116],{"class":115},[44,61496,53606],{"class":119},[44,61498,3108],{"class":115},[44,61500,2183],{"class":77},[44,61502,129],{"class":115},[44,61504,2579],{"class":77},[44,61506,4015],{"class":115},[44,61508,61509],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,61510,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61512,61513,61515,61517,61519],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,61514,142],{"class":141},[44,61516,123],{"class":115},[44,61518,3771],{"class":119},[44,61520,135],{"class":115},[44,61522,61523],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,61524,52853],{"class":3787},[1474,61526,61528,61530],{"id":61527},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61529,52782],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,61532,61534],{"className":37,"code":61533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61535,61536,61552,61570,61574,61584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61537,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548,61550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61539,3739],{"class":50},[44,61541,55],{"class":54},[44,61543,3744],{"class":115},[44,61545,3111],{"class":77},[44,61547,129],{"class":115},[44,61549,3116],{"class":77},[44,61551,3757],{"class":115},[44,61553,61554,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61555,3771],{"class":50},[44,61557,116],{"class":115},[44,61559,13691],{"class":119},[44,61561,3108],{"class":115},[44,61563,2183],{"class":77},[44,61565,129],{"class":115},[44,61567,2579],{"class":77},[44,61569,4015],{"class":115},[44,61571,61572],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,61573,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61575,61576,61578,61580,61582],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,61577,142],{"class":141},[44,61579,123],{"class":115},[44,61581,3771],{"class":119},[44,61583,135],{"class":115},[44,61585,61586],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,61587,61588],{"class":3787},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61590,18832],{},[218,61592,61593,61598],{},[221,61594,61595,61597],{},[15,61596,53576],{}," to combine values",[221,61599,61600,61602],{},[15,61601,52782],{}," to add one item",[20,61604,42231,61605,536,61609,116],{},[200,61606,55650,61607,10880],{"href":56899},[15,61608,52782],{},[200,61610,53179],{"href":53178},[30,61612,8556,61614,61616],{"id":61613},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61615,53576],{}," with different iterables",[20,61618,61619,61621],{},[15,61620,53576],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1474,61623,61625],{"id":61624},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,61627,61629],{"className":37,"code":61628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61630,61631,61647,61665,61669,61679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61632,61633,61635,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61634,3948],{"class":50},[44,61636,55],{"class":54},[44,61638,3744],{"class":115},[44,61640,3111],{"class":77},[44,61642,129],{"class":115},[44,61644,3116],{"class":77},[44,61646,3757],{"class":115},[44,61648,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657,61659,61661,61663],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61650,5492],{"class":50},[44,61652,116],{"class":115},[44,61654,53606],{"class":119},[44,61656,5645],{"class":115},[44,61658,2183],{"class":77},[44,61660,129],{"class":115},[44,61662,2579],{"class":77},[44,61664,567],{"class":115},[44,61666,61667],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,61668,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61670,61671,61673,61675,61677],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,61672,142],{"class":141},[44,61674,123],{"class":115},[44,61676,5492],{"class":119},[44,61678,135],{"class":115},[44,61680,61681],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,61682,52853],{"class":3787},[20,61684,61685],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1474,61687,61689],{"id":61688},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,61691,61693],{"className":37,"code":61692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61694,61695,61711,61730,61734,61744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61696,61697,61699,61701,61703,61705,61707,61709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61698,36227],{"class":50},[44,61700,55],{"class":54},[44,61702,3744],{"class":115},[44,61704,112],{"class":58},[44,61706,200],{"class":62},[44,61708,112],{"class":58},[44,61710,3757],{"class":115},[44,61712,61713,61715,61717,61719,61721,61723,61726,61728],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61714,36280],{"class":50},[44,61716,116],{"class":115},[44,61718,53606],{"class":119},[44,61720,123],{"class":115},[44,61722,112],{"class":58},[44,61724,61725],{"class":62},"bc",[44,61727,112],{"class":58},[44,61729,135],{"class":115},[44,61731,61732],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,61733,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61735,61736,61738,61740,61742],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,61737,142],{"class":141},[44,61739,123],{"class":115},[44,61741,36280],{"class":119},[44,61743,135],{"class":115},[44,61745,61746],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,61747,61748],{"class":3787},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61750,61751],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1474,61753,61755],{"id":61754},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,61757,61759],{"className":37,"code":61758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61760,61761,61773,61795,61799,61809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61762,61763,61765,61767,61769,61771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61764,3739],{"class":50},[44,61766,55],{"class":54},[44,61768,3744],{"class":115},[44,61770,2240],{"class":77},[44,61772,3757],{"class":115},[44,61774,61775,61777,61779,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61776,3771],{"class":50},[44,61778,116],{"class":115},[44,61780,53606],{"class":119},[44,61782,123],{"class":115},[44,61784,60130],{"class":141},[44,61786,123],{"class":115},[44,61788,3111],{"class":77},[44,61790,129],{"class":115},[44,61792,2579],{"class":77},[44,61794,567],{"class":115},[44,61796,61797],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,61798,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61800,61801,61803,61805,61807],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,61802,142],{"class":141},[44,61804,123],{"class":115},[44,61806,3771],{"class":119},[44,61808,135],{"class":115},[44,61810,61811],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,61812,61813],{"class":3787},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61815,61816,61819,61820,2310,61822,17210,61824,116],{},[15,61817,61818],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61821,3111],{},[15,61823,2177],{},[15,61825,2183],{},[1474,61827,61829],{"id":61828},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,61831,61833],{"className":37,"code":61832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61834,61835,61851,61869,61873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61836,61837,61839,61841,61843,61845,61847,61849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61838,7917],{"class":50},[44,61840,55],{"class":54},[44,61842,3744],{"class":115},[44,61844,3111],{"class":77},[44,61846,129],{"class":115},[44,61848,3116],{"class":77},[44,61850,3757],{"class":115},[44,61852,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863,61865,61867],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61854,7948],{"class":50},[44,61856,116],{"class":115},[44,61858,53606],{"class":119},[44,61860,5664],{"class":115},[44,61862,2183],{"class":77},[44,61864,129],{"class":115},[44,61866,2579],{"class":77},[44,61868,30633],{"class":115},[44,61870,61871],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,61872,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61874,61875,61877,61879,61881],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,61876,142],{"class":141},[44,61878,123],{"class":115},[44,61880,7948],{"class":119},[44,61882,135],{"class":115},[20,61884,61885],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[30,61887,61889],{"id":61888},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61891,61892,2518,61894,116],{},[15,61893,53576],{},[15,61895,3904],{},[20,61897,61898,61899,790],{},"That means this is ",[153,61900,61901],{},"wrong",[35,61903,61905],{"className":37,"code":61904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61906,61907,61923,61945,61949,61959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61908,61909,61911,61913,61915,61917,61919,61921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61910,3739],{"class":50},[44,61912,55],{"class":54},[44,61914,3744],{"class":115},[44,61916,3111],{"class":77},[44,61918,129],{"class":115},[44,61920,3116],{"class":77},[44,61922,3757],{"class":115},[44,61924,61925,61927,61929,61931,61933,61935,61937,61939,61941,61943],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61926,2351],{"class":50},[44,61928,55],{"class":54},[44,61930,4392],{"class":50},[44,61932,116],{"class":115},[44,61934,53606],{"class":119},[44,61936,3108],{"class":115},[44,61938,2183],{"class":77},[44,61940,129],{"class":115},[44,61942,2579],{"class":77},[44,61944,4015],{"class":115},[44,61946,61947],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,61948,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,61950,61951,61953,61955,61957],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,61952,142],{"class":141},[44,61954,123],{"class":115},[44,61956,2386],{"class":119},[44,61958,135],{"class":115},[44,61960,61961],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,61962,61963],{"class":3787},"# None\n",[20,61965,61966],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,61968,61970],{"className":37,"code":61969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61971,61972,61988,62010,62014,62024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61973,61974,61976,61978,61980,61982,61984,61986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61975,3739],{"class":50},[44,61977,55],{"class":54},[44,61979,3744],{"class":115},[44,61981,3111],{"class":77},[44,61983,129],{"class":115},[44,61985,3116],{"class":77},[44,61987,3757],{"class":115},[44,61989,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998,62000,62002,62004,62006,62008],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,61991,3739],{"class":50},[44,61993,55],{"class":54},[44,61995,4392],{"class":50},[44,61997,116],{"class":115},[44,61999,53606],{"class":119},[44,62001,3108],{"class":115},[44,62003,2183],{"class":77},[44,62005,129],{"class":115},[44,62007,2579],{"class":77},[44,62009,4015],{"class":115},[44,62011,62012],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62013,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62015,62016,62018,62020,62022],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62017,142],{"class":141},[44,62019,123],{"class":115},[44,62021,3771],{"class":119},[44,62023,135],{"class":115},[44,62025,62026],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,62027,61963],{"class":3787},[20,62029,62030],{},"The correct way is:",[35,62032,62033],{"className":37,"code":61470,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62034,62035,62051,62069,62073,62083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62036,62037,62039,62041,62043,62045,62047,62049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62038,3739],{"class":50},[44,62040,55],{"class":54},[44,62042,3744],{"class":115},[44,62044,3111],{"class":77},[44,62046,129],{"class":115},[44,62048,3116],{"class":77},[44,62050,3757],{"class":115},[44,62052,62053,62055,62057,62059,62061,62063,62065,62067],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62054,3771],{"class":50},[44,62056,116],{"class":115},[44,62058,53606],{"class":119},[44,62060,3108],{"class":115},[44,62062,2183],{"class":77},[44,62064,129],{"class":115},[44,62066,2579],{"class":77},[44,62068,4015],{"class":115},[44,62070,62071],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62072,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62074,62075,62077,62079,62081],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62076,142],{"class":141},[44,62078,123],{"class":115},[44,62080,3771],{"class":119},[44,62082,135],{"class":115},[44,62084,62085],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,62086,52853],{"class":3787},[20,62088,56039,62089,62091],{},[15,62090,53576],{}," first, then use the original list.",[30,62093,4648],{"id":4647},[20,62095,14871,62096,116],{},[15,62097,53576],{},[1474,62099,62101,62102,62104],{"id":62100},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62103,53576],{}," to return a new list",[35,62106,62108],{"className":37,"code":62107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62109,62110,62126,62148,62152,62162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62111,62112,62114,62116,62118,62120,62122,62124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62113,3739],{"class":50},[44,62115,55],{"class":54},[44,62117,3744],{"class":115},[44,62119,3111],{"class":77},[44,62121,129],{"class":115},[44,62123,3116],{"class":77},[44,62125,3757],{"class":115},[44,62127,62128,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142,62144,62146],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62129,55772],{"class":50},[44,62131,55],{"class":54},[44,62133,4392],{"class":50},[44,62135,116],{"class":115},[44,62137,53606],{"class":119},[44,62139,3108],{"class":115},[44,62141,2183],{"class":77},[44,62143,129],{"class":115},[44,62145,2579],{"class":77},[44,62147,4015],{"class":115},[44,62149,62150],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62151,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62153,62154,62156,62158,62160],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62155,142],{"class":141},[44,62157,123],{"class":115},[44,62159,55791],{"class":119},[44,62161,135],{"class":115},[44,62163,62164],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,62165,61963],{"class":3787},[20,62167,62168,62169,116],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62170,53576],{},[1474,62172,62174,62175,44764,62177,62179],{"id":62173},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62176,52782],{},[15,62178,53576],{}," is needed",[35,62181,62182],{"className":37,"code":61533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62183,62184,62200,62218,62222,62232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62185,62186,62188,62190,62192,62194,62196,62198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62187,3739],{"class":50},[44,62189,55],{"class":54},[44,62191,3744],{"class":115},[44,62193,3111],{"class":77},[44,62195,129],{"class":115},[44,62197,3116],{"class":77},[44,62199,3757],{"class":115},[44,62201,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62203,3771],{"class":50},[44,62205,116],{"class":115},[44,62207,13691],{"class":119},[44,62209,3108],{"class":115},[44,62211,2183],{"class":77},[44,62213,129],{"class":115},[44,62215,2579],{"class":77},[44,62217,4015],{"class":115},[44,62219,62220],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62221,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62223,62224,62226,62228,62230],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62225,142],{"class":141},[44,62227,123],{"class":115},[44,62229,3771],{"class":119},[44,62231,135],{"class":115},[44,62233,62234],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,62235,61588],{"class":3787},[20,62237,62238,62239,54021,62241,6768],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62240,54020],{},[15,62242,53576],{},[1474,62244,62246],{"id":62245},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,62248,62250],{"className":37,"code":62249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62251,62252,62268,62286,62290,62300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62253,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264,62266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62255,4198],{"class":50},[44,62257,55],{"class":54},[44,62259,3744],{"class":115},[44,62261,112],{"class":58},[44,62263,3971],{"class":62},[44,62265,112],{"class":58},[44,62267,3757],{"class":115},[44,62269,62270,62272,62274,62276,62278,62280,62282,62284],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62271,4242],{"class":50},[44,62273,116],{"class":115},[44,62275,53606],{"class":119},[44,62277,123],{"class":115},[44,62279,112],{"class":58},[44,62281,60723],{"class":62},[44,62283,112],{"class":58},[44,62285,135],{"class":115},[44,62287,62288],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62289,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62291,62292,62294,62296,62298],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62293,142],{"class":141},[44,62295,123],{"class":115},[44,62297,4242],{"class":119},[44,62299,135],{"class":115},[44,62301,62302],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,62303,62304],{"class":3787},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62306,62307,62308,62311,62312,790],{},"If you want ",[15,62309,62310],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62313,52782],{},[35,62315,62317],{"className":37,"code":62316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62318,62319,62335,62353,62357,62367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62320,62321,62323,62325,62327,62329,62331,62333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62322,4198],{"class":50},[44,62324,55],{"class":54},[44,62326,3744],{"class":115},[44,62328,112],{"class":58},[44,62330,3971],{"class":62},[44,62332,112],{"class":58},[44,62334,3757],{"class":115},[44,62336,62337,62339,62341,62343,62345,62347,62349,62351],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62338,4242],{"class":50},[44,62340,116],{"class":115},[44,62342,13691],{"class":119},[44,62344,123],{"class":115},[44,62346,112],{"class":58},[44,62348,60723],{"class":62},[44,62350,112],{"class":58},[44,62352,135],{"class":115},[44,62354,62355],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62356,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62358,62359,62361,62363,62365],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62360,142],{"class":141},[44,62362,123],{"class":115},[44,62364,4242],{"class":119},[44,62366,135],{"class":115},[44,62368,62369],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,62370,62371],{"class":3787},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1474,62373,62375],{"id":62374},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,62377,62379],{"className":37,"code":62378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62380,62381,62397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62382,62383,62385,62387,62389,62391,62393,62395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62384,3739],{"class":50},[44,62386,55],{"class":54},[44,62388,3744],{"class":115},[44,62390,3111],{"class":77},[44,62392,129],{"class":115},[44,62394,3116],{"class":77},[44,62396,3757],{"class":115},[44,62398,62399,62401,62403,62405,62407,62409],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62400,3771],{"class":50},[44,62402,116],{"class":115},[44,62404,53606],{"class":119},[44,62406,123],{"class":115},[44,62408,2257],{"class":77},[44,62410,135],{"class":115},[20,62412,39791,62413,6689],{},[15,62414,2257],{},[20,62416,62417,62418,62420,62421,62424],{},"You will get a ",[15,62419,3129],{},". See ",[200,62422,62423],{"href":52729},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62426,62427],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,62429,62431],{"className":37,"code":62430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62432,62433,62443,62457,62469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62434,62435,62437,62439,62441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62436,142],{"class":141},[44,62438,123],{"class":115},[44,62440,8477],{"class":119},[44,62442,135],{"class":115},[44,62444,62445,62447,62449,62451,62453,62455],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62446,142],{"class":141},[44,62448,123],{"class":115},[44,62450,1297],{"class":1296},[44,62452,123],{"class":115},[44,62454,5492],{"class":119},[44,62456,567],{"class":115},[44,62458,62459,62461,62463,62465,62467],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62460,142],{"class":141},[44,62462,123],{"class":115},[44,62464,2386],{"class":119},[44,62466,3784],{"class":115},[44,62468,135],{"class":50},[44,62470,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479,62481],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62472,1934],{"class":141},[44,62474,123],{"class":115},[44,62476,8231],{"class":1296},[44,62478,116],{"class":115},[44,62480,53606],{"class":685},[44,62482,135],{"class":115},[43714,62484,62485],{},[20,62486,62487,62488,62491,62492,62494,62495,116],{},"Note: ",[15,62489,62490],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62493,3784],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62496,33163],{},[20,62498,62499],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,62501,62503],{"className":37,"code":62502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62504,62505,62521,62537,62541,62555,62559,62567,62577,62591,62601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62506,62507,62509,62511,62513,62515,62517,62519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62508,8446],{"class":50},[44,62510,55],{"class":54},[44,62512,3744],{"class":115},[44,62514,3111],{"class":77},[44,62516,129],{"class":115},[44,62518,3116],{"class":77},[44,62520,3757],{"class":115},[44,62522,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62524,3948],{"class":50},[44,62526,55],{"class":54},[44,62528,3744],{"class":115},[44,62530,2183],{"class":77},[44,62532,129],{"class":115},[44,62534,2579],{"class":77},[44,62536,3757],{"class":115},[44,62538,62539],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62540,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62542,62543,62545,62547,62549,62551,62553],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62544,8477],{"class":50},[44,62546,116],{"class":115},[44,62548,53606],{"class":119},[44,62550,123],{"class":115},[44,62552,5492],{"class":119},[44,62554,135],{"class":115},[44,62556,62557],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,62558,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62560,62561,62563,62565],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,62562,2351],{"class":50},[44,62564,55],{"class":54},[44,62566,48658],{"class":3978},[44,62568,62569,62571,62573,62575],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,62570,142],{"class":141},[44,62572,123],{"class":115},[44,62574,8477],{"class":119},[44,62576,135],{"class":115},[44,62578,62579,62581,62583,62585,62587,62589],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,62580,142],{"class":141},[44,62582,123],{"class":115},[44,62584,1297],{"class":1296},[44,62586,123],{"class":115},[44,62588,5492],{"class":119},[44,62590,567],{"class":115},[44,62592,62593,62595,62597,62599],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,62594,142],{"class":141},[44,62596,123],{"class":115},[44,62598,2386],{"class":119},[44,62600,135],{"class":115},[44,62602,62603,62605,62607,62609,62611,62613],{"class":46,"line":6574},[44,62604,1934],{"class":141},[44,62606,123],{"class":115},[44,62608,8231],{"class":1296},[44,62610,116],{"class":115},[44,62612,53606],{"class":685},[44,62614,135],{"class":115},[30,62616,5092,62618],{"id":62617},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62619,53576],{},[20,62621,189,62622,6454],{},[15,62623,53576],{},[218,62625,62626,62629,62632],{},[221,62627,62628],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[221,62630,62631],{},"Add multiple values at once",[221,62633,62634],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62636,5606],{},[35,62638,62640],{"className":37,"code":62639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62641,62642,62659,62677,62681,62697,62701,62711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62643,62644,62647,62649,62651,62653,62655,62657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62645,62646],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,62648,55],{"class":54},[44,62650,3744],{"class":115},[44,62652,13640],{"class":77},[44,62654,129],{"class":115},[44,62656,13645],{"class":77},[44,62658,3757],{"class":115},[44,62660,62661,62664,62666,62668,62670,62672,62675],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62662,62663],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,62665,55],{"class":54},[44,62667,3744],{"class":115},[44,62669,51635],{"class":77},[44,62671,129],{"class":115},[44,62673,62674],{"class":77}," 92",[44,62676,3757],{"class":115},[44,62678,62679],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62680,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62682,62683,62686,62688,62690,62692,62695],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62684,62685],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,62687,116],{"class":115},[44,62689,53606],{"class":119},[44,62691,123],{"class":115},[44,62693,62694],{"class":119},"new_scores",[44,62696,135],{"class":115},[44,62698,62699],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,62700,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62702,62703,62705,62707,62709],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,62704,142],{"class":141},[44,62706,123],{"class":115},[44,62708,62685],{"class":119},[44,62710,135],{"class":115},[44,62712,62713],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,62714,62715],{"class":3787},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62717,62718,62719,62721,62722,116],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62720,52782],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[200,62723,55650,62724,10880],{"href":54038},[15,62725,54398],{},[30,62727,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,62729,12844,62731,55599],{"id":62730},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62732,53477],{},[20,62734,62735,62736,116],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62737,3904],{},[1474,62739,5312,62741,536,62743,1995],{"id":62740},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62742,53576],{},[15,62744,52782],{},[20,62746,62747,62749,62750,62752],{},[15,62748,53576],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62751,52782],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1474,62754,28464,62756,62758],{"id":62755},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62757,53576],{}," with a string?",[20,62760,62761],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1474,62763,28464,62765,62767],{"id":62764},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62766,53576],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62769,62770],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1474,62772,62774,62775,1995],{"id":62773},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62776,53576],{},[20,62778,62779,62780,62782],{},"You get a ",[15,62781,3129],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[30,62784,2019],{"id":2018},[218,62786,62787,62793,62797,62801,62805,62811,62815],{},[221,62788,62789],{},[200,62790,55650,62791,10880],{"href":56899},[15,62792,52782],{},[221,62794,62795],{},[200,62796,54408],{"href":53178},[221,62798,62799],{},[200,62800,57359],{"href":57284},[221,62802,62803],{},[200,62804,52901],{"href":51109},[221,62806,62807],{},[200,62808,55650,62809,10880],{"href":54038},[15,62810,54398],{},[221,62812,62813],{},[200,62814,62423],{"href":52729},[221,62816,62817],{},[200,62818,55650,62819,10880],{"href":55090},[15,62820,12916],{},[20,62822,62823,62824,62826,62827,62829],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62825,52782],{},", when to use ",[15,62828,54398],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2048,62831,62832],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":62834},[62835,62836,62838,62839,62840,62847,62854,62855,62863,62865,62877],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":61232,"depth":69,"text":62837},"What list.extend() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":61313,"depth":69,"text":61314},{"id":61450,"depth":69,"text":62841,"children":62842},"extend() vs append()",[62843,62845],{"id":61464,"depth":81,"text":62844},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61527,"depth":81,"text":62846},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61613,"depth":69,"text":62848,"children":62849},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62850,62851,62852,62853],{"id":61624,"depth":81,"text":61625},{"id":61688,"depth":81,"text":61689},{"id":61754,"depth":81,"text":61755},{"id":61828,"depth":81,"text":61829},{"id":61888,"depth":69,"text":61889},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":62856},[62857,62859,62861,62862],{"id":62100,"depth":81,"text":62858},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62173,"depth":81,"text":62860},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62245,"depth":81,"text":62246},{"id":62374,"depth":81,"text":62375},{"id":62617,"depth":69,"text":62864},"When to use extend()",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":62866},[62867,62869,62871,62873,62875],{"id":62730,"depth":81,"text":62868},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62740,"depth":81,"text":62870},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62755,"depth":81,"text":62872},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62764,"depth":81,"text":62874},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62773,"depth":81,"text":62876},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61136,"description":62878},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62885,"title":62886,"body":62887,"description":64978,"extension":2084,"meta":64979,"navigation":84,"path":64980,"seo":64981,"stem":64982,"__hash__":64983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62888,"toc":64941},[62889,62892,62897,62903,62914,62920,62922,62991,62993,63042,63050,63054,63059,63062,63073,63078,63080,63082,63103,63116,63119,63132,63134,63139,63164,63166,63174,63177,63246,63248,63272,63278,63282,63286,63322,63324,63344,63351,63355,63388,63390,63424,63429,63433,63466,63468,63496,63504,63508,63545,63547,63568,63571,63575,63644,63646,63670,63676,63683,63687,63690,63692,63706,63709,63733,63735,63760,63763,63782,63784,63810,63819,63823,63830,63907,63909,63950,63956,63962,64053,64055,64111,64114,64119,64123,64128,64132,64191,64193,64218,64222,64285,64287,64312,64316,64379,64381,64424,64427,64431,64435,64457,64461,64543,64545,64580,64588,64590,64594,64598,64600,64627,64632,64634,64661,64668,64671,64694,64696,64745,64748,64751,64770,64774,64777,64828,64831,64837,64841,64846,64849,64851,64857,64866,64870,64876,64880,64883,64887,64890,64894,64900,64902,64938],[10,62890,62886],{"id":62891},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62893,9263,62894,62896],{},[15,62895,24916],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62898,62899,62900,62902],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62901,24916],{}," for two main reasons:",[218,62904,62905,62908],{},[221,62906,62907],{},"to make an empty list",[221,62909,62910,62911,62913],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62912,60130],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62915,62916,62917,62919],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62918,24916],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[30,62921,33],{"id":32},[35,62923,62925],{"className":37,"code":62924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62926,62927,62949,62967,62971,62981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62928,62929,62931,62933,62935,62937,62939,62941,62943,62945,62947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62930,3739],{"class":50},[44,62932,55],{"class":54},[44,62934,22695],{"class":1296},[44,62936,5645],{"class":115},[44,62938,3111],{"class":77},[44,62940,129],{"class":115},[44,62942,3116],{"class":77},[44,62944,129],{"class":115},[44,62946,2573],{"class":77},[44,62948,567],{"class":115},[44,62950,62951,62953,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963,62965],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,62952,36227],{"class":50},[44,62954,55],{"class":54},[44,62956,22695],{"class":1296},[44,62958,123],{"class":115},[44,62960,112],{"class":58},[44,62962,41698],{"class":62},[44,62964,112],{"class":58},[44,62966,135],{"class":115},[44,62968,62969],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,62970,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,62972,62973,62975,62977,62979],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,62974,142],{"class":141},[44,62976,123],{"class":115},[44,62978,3771],{"class":119},[44,62980,135],{"class":115},[44,62982,62983,62985,62987,62989],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,62984,142],{"class":141},[44,62986,123],{"class":115},[44,62988,36280],{"class":119},[44,62990,135],{"class":115},[20,62992,155],{},[35,62994,62996],{"className":37,"code":62995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62997,62998,63014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62999,63000,63002,63004,63006,63008,63010,63012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63001,4027],{"class":115},[44,63003,3111],{"class":77},[44,63005,129],{"class":115},[44,63007,3116],{"class":77},[44,63009,129],{"class":115},[44,63011,2573],{"class":77},[44,63013,3757],{"class":115},[44,63015,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034,63036,63038,63040],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63017,4027],{"class":115},[44,63019,1338],{"class":58},[44,63021,200],{"class":62},[44,63023,1338],{"class":58},[44,63025,129],{"class":115},[44,63027,1332],{"class":58},[44,63029,4891],{"class":62},[44,63031,1338],{"class":58},[44,63033,129],{"class":115},[44,63035,1332],{"class":58},[44,63037,9878],{"class":62},[44,63039,1338],{"class":58},[44,63041,3757],{"class":115},[20,63043,189,63044,63046,63047,63049],{},[15,63045,24916],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,63048,60130],{},", set, or dictionary.",[30,63051,63053],{"id":63052},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,63055,63056,63058],{},[15,63057,24916],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63060,63061],{},"It can:",[218,63063,63064,63067,63070],{},[221,63065,63066],{},"create a new list object",[221,63068,63069],{},"make an empty list",[221,63071,63072],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63074,63075,63076,116],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[200,63077,52901],{"href":51109},[30,63079,351],{"id":350},[20,63081,26622],{},[35,63083,63085],{"className":37,"code":63084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63086,63087,63093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63088,63089,63091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63090,8231],{"class":1296},[44,63092,8782],{"class":115},[44,63094,63095,63097,63099,63101],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63096,8231],{"class":1296},[44,63098,123],{"class":115},[44,63100,3846],{"class":119},[44,63102,135],{"class":115},[218,63104,63105,63110],{},[221,63106,63107,63109],{},[15,63108,24916],{}," makes an empty list",[221,63111,63112,63115],{},[15,63113,63114],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63117,63118],{},"Common iterable values include:",[218,63120,63121,63123,63125,63127,63130],{},[221,63122,5442],{},[221,63124,5436],{},[221,63126,5439],{},[221,63128,63129],{},"ranges",[221,63131,7389],{},[30,63133,59752],{"id":59751},[20,63135,189,63136,63138],{},[15,63137,24916],{}," with no arguments:",[35,63140,63142],{"className":37,"code":63141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63143,63144,63154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63145,63146,63148,63150,63152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63147,7917],{"class":50},[44,63149,55],{"class":54},[44,63151,22695],{"class":1296},[44,63153,8782],{"class":115},[44,63155,63156,63158,63160,63162],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63157,142],{"class":141},[44,63159,123],{"class":115},[44,63161,7948],{"class":119},[44,63163,135],{"class":115},[20,63165,155],{},[35,63167,63168],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63169,63170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63171,63172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63173,38434],{"class":115},[20,63175,63176],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,63178,63180],{"className":37,"code":63179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63181,63182,63192,63196,63214,63232,63236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63183,63184,63186,63188,63190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63185,7917],{"class":50},[44,63187,55],{"class":54},[44,63189,22695],{"class":1296},[44,63191,8782],{"class":115},[44,63193,63194],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63195,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,63197,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,63199,7948],{"class":50},[44,63201,116],{"class":115},[44,63203,13691],{"class":119},[44,63205,123],{"class":115},[44,63207,112],{"class":58},[44,63209,4207],{"class":62},[44,63211,112],{"class":58},[44,63213,135],{"class":115},[44,63215,63216,63218,63220,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,63217,7948],{"class":50},[44,63219,116],{"class":115},[44,63221,13691],{"class":119},[44,63223,123],{"class":115},[44,63225,112],{"class":58},[44,63227,4216],{"class":62},[44,63229,112],{"class":58},[44,63231,135],{"class":115},[44,63233,63234],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,63235,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,63237,63238,63240,63242,63244],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,63239,142],{"class":141},[44,63241,123],{"class":115},[44,63243,7948],{"class":119},[44,63245,135],{"class":115},[20,63247,155],{},[35,63249,63250],{"className":37,"code":38560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63251,63252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63253,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266,63268,63270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63255,4027],{"class":115},[44,63257,1338],{"class":58},[44,63259,4207],{"class":62},[44,63261,1338],{"class":58},[44,63263,129],{"class":115},[44,63265,1332],{"class":58},[44,63267,4216],{"class":62},[44,63269,1338],{"class":58},[44,63271,3757],{"class":115},[20,63273,63274,63275,63277],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63276,3913],{},". Both are valid.",[30,63279,63281],{"id":63280},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1474,63283,63285],{"id":63284},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,63287,63288],{"className":37,"code":60050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63289,63290,63312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63291,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63293,3739],{"class":50},[44,63295,55],{"class":54},[44,63297,22695],{"class":1296},[44,63299,5645],{"class":115},[44,63301,3111],{"class":77},[44,63303,129],{"class":115},[44,63305,3116],{"class":77},[44,63307,129],{"class":115},[44,63309,2573],{"class":77},[44,63311,567],{"class":115},[44,63313,63314,63316,63318,63320],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63315,142],{"class":141},[44,63317,123],{"class":115},[44,63319,3771],{"class":119},[44,63321,135],{"class":115},[20,63323,155],{},[35,63325,63326],{"className":37,"code":55280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63327,63328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63329,63330,63332,63334,63336,63338,63340,63342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63331,4027],{"class":115},[44,63333,3111],{"class":77},[44,63335,129],{"class":115},[44,63337,3116],{"class":77},[44,63339,129],{"class":115},[44,63341,2573],{"class":77},[44,63343,3757],{"class":115},[20,63345,63346,63347,116],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[200,63348,63350],{"href":63349},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1474,63352,63354],{"id":63353},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,63356,63358],{"className":37,"code":63357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63359,63360,63378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63361,63362,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63363,36227],{"class":50},[44,63365,55],{"class":54},[44,63367,22695],{"class":1296},[44,63369,123],{"class":115},[44,63371,112],{"class":58},[44,63373,417],{"class":62},[44,63375,112],{"class":58},[44,63377,135],{"class":115},[44,63379,63380,63382,63384,63386],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63381,142],{"class":141},[44,63383,123],{"class":115},[44,63385,36280],{"class":119},[44,63387,135],{"class":115},[20,63389,155],{},[35,63391,63393],{"className":37,"code":63392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63394,63395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63396,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407,63409,63411,63413,63415,63417,63420,63422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63398,4027],{"class":115},[44,63400,1338],{"class":58},[44,63402,9878],{"class":62},[44,63404,1338],{"class":58},[44,63406,129],{"class":115},[44,63408,1332],{"class":58},[44,63410,200],{"class":62},[44,63412,1338],{"class":58},[44,63414,129],{"class":115},[44,63416,1332],{"class":58},[44,63418,63419],{"class":62},"t",[44,63421,1338],{"class":58},[44,63423,3757],{"class":115},[20,63425,63426,63428],{},[15,63427,24916],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1474,63430,63432],{"id":63431},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,63434,63436],{"className":37,"code":63435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63437,63438,63456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63439,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63441,3739],{"class":50},[44,63443,55],{"class":54},[44,63445,22695],{"class":1296},[44,63447,123],{"class":115},[44,63449,60130],{"class":141},[44,63451,123],{"class":115},[44,63453,2257],{"class":77},[44,63455,567],{"class":115},[44,63457,63458,63460,63462,63464],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63459,142],{"class":141},[44,63461,123],{"class":115},[44,63463,3771],{"class":119},[44,63465,135],{"class":115},[20,63467,155],{},[35,63469,63470],{"className":37,"code":60153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63471,63472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63473,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492,63494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63475,4027],{"class":115},[44,63477,2240],{"class":77},[44,63479,129],{"class":115},[44,63481,5632],{"class":77},[44,63483,129],{"class":115},[44,63485,3116],{"class":77},[44,63487,129],{"class":115},[44,63489,2573],{"class":77},[44,63491,129],{"class":115},[44,63493,2579],{"class":77},[44,63495,3757],{"class":115},[20,63497,63498,63499,63503],{},"This is common when working with ",[200,63500,63501],{"href":36332},[15,63502,36335],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1474,63505,63507],{"id":63506},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,63509,63511],{"className":37,"code":63510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63512,63513,63535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63514,63515,63517,63519,63521,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63516,3948],{"class":50},[44,63518,55],{"class":54},[44,63520,22695],{"class":1296},[44,63522,5664],{"class":115},[44,63524,2451],{"class":77},[44,63526,129],{"class":115},[44,63528,7928],{"class":77},[44,63530,129],{"class":115},[44,63532,7933],{"class":77},[44,63534,30633],{"class":115},[44,63536,63537,63539,63541,63543],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63538,142],{"class":141},[44,63540,123],{"class":115},[44,63542,5492],{"class":119},[44,63544,135],{"class":115},[20,63546,17096],{},[35,63548,63550],{"className":37,"code":63549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63551,63552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63553,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63555,4027],{"class":115},[44,63557,2451],{"class":77},[44,63559,129],{"class":115},[44,63561,7928],{"class":77},[44,63563,129],{"class":115},[44,63565,7933],{"class":77},[44,63567,3757],{"class":115},[20,63569,63570],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1474,63572,63574],{"id":63573},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,63576,63578],{"className":37,"code":63577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63579,63580,63616,63630,63634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63581,63582,63584,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63583,13342],{"class":50},[44,63585,55],{"class":54},[44,63587,10629],{"class":115},[44,63589,112],{"class":58},[44,63591,126],{"class":62},[44,63593,112],{"class":58},[44,63595,790],{"class":115},[44,63597,59],{"class":58},[44,63599,833],{"class":62},[44,63601,112],{"class":58},[44,63603,129],{"class":115},[44,63605,59],{"class":58},[44,63607,9437],{"class":62},[44,63609,112],{"class":58},[44,63611,790],{"class":115},[44,63613,9444],{"class":77},[44,63615,9447],{"class":115},[44,63617,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63619,2351],{"class":50},[44,63621,55],{"class":54},[44,63623,22695],{"class":1296},[44,63625,123],{"class":115},[44,63627,17445],{"class":119},[44,63629,135],{"class":115},[44,63631,63632],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,63633,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,63635,63636,63638,63640,63642],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,63637,142],{"class":141},[44,63639,123],{"class":115},[44,63641,2386],{"class":119},[44,63643,135],{"class":115},[20,63645,155],{},[35,63647,63648],{"className":37,"code":25615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63649,63650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63651,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63653,4027],{"class":115},[44,63655,1338],{"class":58},[44,63657,126],{"class":62},[44,63659,1338],{"class":58},[44,63661,129],{"class":115},[44,63663,1332],{"class":58},[44,63665,9437],{"class":62},[44,63667,1338],{"class":58},[44,63669,3757],{"class":115},[20,63671,63672,63673,63675],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63674,24916],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63677,63678,63679,116],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[200,63680,63682],{"href":63681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[30,63684,63686],{"id":63685},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63688,63689],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63691,61287],{},[218,63693,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704],{},[221,63695,5433],{},[221,63697,5436],{},[221,63699,5442],{},[221,63701,5439],{},[221,63703,63129],{},[221,63705,7389],{},[20,63707,63708],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,63710,63712],{"className":37,"code":63711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63713,63714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63715,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63729,63731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63717,142],{"class":141},[44,63719,123],{"class":115},[44,63721,8231],{"class":1296},[44,63723,123],{"class":115},[44,63725,112],{"class":58},[44,63727,63728],{"class":62},"hi",[44,63730,112],{"class":58},[44,63732,567],{"class":115},[20,63734,155],{},[35,63736,63738],{"className":37,"code":63737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63739,63740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63741,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63743,4027],{"class":115},[44,63745,1338],{"class":58},[44,63747,60570],{"class":62},[44,63749,1338],{"class":58},[44,63751,129],{"class":115},[44,63753,1332],{"class":58},[44,63755,36291],{"class":62},[44,63757,1338],{"class":58},[44,63759,3757],{"class":115},[20,63761,63762],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,63764,63766],{"className":37,"code":63765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63767,63768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63769,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63771,142],{"class":141},[44,63773,123],{"class":115},[44,63775,8231],{"class":1296},[44,63777,123],{"class":115},[44,63779,2257],{"class":77},[44,63781,567],{"class":115},[20,63783,155],{},[35,63785,63787],{"className":37,"code":63786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63788,63789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63790,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63792,3129],{"class":1296},[44,63794,790],{"class":115},[44,63796,1332],{"class":58},[44,63798,2309],{"class":62},[44,63800,1338],{"class":58},[44,63802,24753],{"class":1296},[44,63804,8234],{"class":54},[44,63806,8237],{"class":54},[44,63808,63809],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,63811,63812,63813,63815,63816,116],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[200,63814,5268],{"href":5721},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[200,63817,63818],{"href":52729},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,63820,63822],{"id":63821},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63824,63825,63826,63829],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63827,63828],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,63831,63833],{"className":37,"code":63832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63834,63835,63855,63869,63873,63883,63893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63836,63837,63839,63841,63843,63845,63847,63849,63851,63853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63838,12226],{"class":50},[44,63840,55],{"class":54},[44,63842,3744],{"class":115},[44,63844,3111],{"class":77},[44,63846,129],{"class":115},[44,63848,3116],{"class":77},[44,63850,129],{"class":115},[44,63852,2573],{"class":77},[44,63854,3757],{"class":115},[44,63856,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63858,14449],{"class":50},[44,63860,55],{"class":54},[44,63862,22695],{"class":1296},[44,63864,123],{"class":115},[44,63866,12273],{"class":119},[44,63868,135],{"class":115},[44,63870,63871],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,63872,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,63874,63875,63877,63879,63881],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,63876,142],{"class":141},[44,63878,123],{"class":115},[44,63880,12273],{"class":119},[44,63882,135],{"class":115},[44,63884,63885,63887,63889,63891],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,63886,142],{"class":141},[44,63888,123],{"class":115},[44,63890,14468],{"class":119},[44,63892,135],{"class":115},[44,63894,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,63896,142],{"class":141},[44,63898,123],{"class":115},[44,63900,12226],{"class":119},[44,63902,168],{"class":4003},[44,63904,14522],{"class":119},[44,63906,135],{"class":115},[20,63908,155],{},[35,63910,63912],{"className":37,"code":63911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63913,63914,63930,63946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63915,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63917,4027],{"class":115},[44,63919,3111],{"class":77},[44,63921,129],{"class":115},[44,63923,3116],{"class":77},[44,63925,129],{"class":115},[44,63927,2573],{"class":77},[44,63929,3757],{"class":115},[44,63931,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63933,4027],{"class":115},[44,63935,3111],{"class":77},[44,63937,129],{"class":115},[44,63939,3116],{"class":77},[44,63941,129],{"class":115},[44,63943,2573],{"class":77},[44,63945,3757],{"class":115},[44,63947,63948],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,63949,4168],{"class":3978},[20,63951,63952,63953,63955],{},"This means ",[15,63954,14468],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63957,63958,63959,63961],{},"However, this is only a ",[153,63960,12990],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,63963,63965],{"className":37,"code":63964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63966,63967,63993,64007,64011,64029,64033,64043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63968,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63970,12226],{"class":50},[44,63972,55],{"class":54},[44,63974,56424],{"class":115},[44,63976,3111],{"class":77},[44,63978,129],{"class":115},[44,63980,3116],{"class":77},[44,63982,18199],{"class":115},[44,63984,3744],{"class":115},[44,63986,2183],{"class":77},[44,63988,129],{"class":115},[44,63990,2579],{"class":77},[44,63992,53372],{"class":115},[44,63994,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003,64005],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,63996,14449],{"class":50},[44,63998,55],{"class":54},[44,64000,22695],{"class":1296},[44,64002,123],{"class":115},[44,64004,12273],{"class":119},[44,64006,135],{"class":115},[44,64008,64009],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,64010,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,64012,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,64014,14468],{"class":50},[44,64016,4027],{"class":115},[44,64018,2240],{"class":77},[44,64020,13688],{"class":115},[44,64022,13691],{"class":119},[44,64024,123],{"class":115},[44,64026,56477],{"class":77},[44,64028,135],{"class":115},[44,64030,64031],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,64032,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,64034,64035,64037,64039,64041],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,64036,142],{"class":141},[44,64038,123],{"class":115},[44,64040,12273],{"class":119},[44,64042,135],{"class":115},[44,64044,64045,64047,64049,64051],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,64046,142],{"class":141},[44,64048,123],{"class":115},[44,64050,14468],{"class":119},[44,64052,135],{"class":115},[20,64054,155],{},[35,64056,64057],{"className":37,"code":56508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64058,64059,64085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64060,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077,64079,64081,64083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64062,56515],{"class":115},[44,64064,3111],{"class":77},[44,64066,129],{"class":115},[44,64068,3116],{"class":77},[44,64070,129],{"class":115},[44,64072,10335],{"class":77},[44,64074,18199],{"class":115},[44,64076,3744],{"class":115},[44,64078,2183],{"class":77},[44,64080,129],{"class":115},[44,64082,2579],{"class":77},[44,64084,53372],{"class":115},[44,64086,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64088,56515],{"class":115},[44,64090,3111],{"class":77},[44,64092,129],{"class":115},[44,64094,3116],{"class":77},[44,64096,129],{"class":115},[44,64098,10335],{"class":77},[44,64100,18199],{"class":115},[44,64102,3744],{"class":115},[44,64104,2183],{"class":77},[44,64106,129],{"class":115},[44,64108,2579],{"class":77},[44,64110,53372],{"class":115},[20,64112,64113],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64115,64116,64117,116],{},"For more on this, see ",[200,64118,13928],{"href":13927},[30,64120,64122],{"id":64121},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64124,64125,64126,116],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64127,24916],{},[1474,64129,64131],{"id":64130},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,64133,64135],{"className":37,"code":64134,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64136,64137,64177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64138,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159,64161,64163,64165,64167,64169,64171,64173,64175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64140,13003],{"class":50},[44,64142,55],{"class":54},[44,64144,10629],{"class":115},[44,64146,112],{"class":58},[44,64148,126],{"class":62},[44,64150,112],{"class":58},[44,64152,790],{"class":115},[44,64154,59],{"class":58},[44,64156,8059],{"class":62},[44,64158,112],{"class":58},[44,64160,129],{"class":115},[44,64162,59],{"class":58},[44,64164,20028],{"class":62},[44,64166,112],{"class":58},[44,64168,790],{"class":115},[44,64170,59],{"class":58},[44,64172,22382],{"class":62},[44,64174,112],{"class":58},[44,64176,9447],{"class":115},[44,64178,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64180,142],{"class":141},[44,64182,123],{"class":115},[44,64184,8231],{"class":1296},[44,64186,123],{"class":115},[44,64188,945],{"class":119},[44,64190,567],{"class":115},[20,64192,155],{},[35,64194,64196],{"className":37,"code":64195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64197,64198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64199,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64201,4027],{"class":115},[44,64203,1338],{"class":58},[44,64205,126],{"class":62},[44,64207,1338],{"class":58},[44,64209,129],{"class":115},[44,64211,1332],{"class":58},[44,64213,20028],{"class":62},[44,64215,1338],{"class":58},[44,64217,3757],{"class":115},[1474,64219,64221],{"id":64220},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,64223,64225],{"className":37,"code":64224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64226,64227,64267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64228,64229,64231,64233,64235,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64230,13003],{"class":50},[44,64232,55],{"class":54},[44,64234,10629],{"class":115},[44,64236,112],{"class":58},[44,64238,126],{"class":62},[44,64240,112],{"class":58},[44,64242,790],{"class":115},[44,64244,59],{"class":58},[44,64246,8059],{"class":62},[44,64248,112],{"class":58},[44,64250,129],{"class":115},[44,64252,59],{"class":58},[44,64254,20028],{"class":62},[44,64256,112],{"class":58},[44,64258,790],{"class":115},[44,64260,59],{"class":58},[44,64262,22382],{"class":62},[44,64264,112],{"class":58},[44,64266,9447],{"class":115},[44,64268,64269,64271,64273,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64270,142],{"class":141},[44,64272,123],{"class":115},[44,64274,8231],{"class":1296},[44,64276,123],{"class":115},[44,64278,945],{"class":119},[44,64280,116],{"class":115},[44,64282,5492],{"class":119},[44,64284,6426],{"class":115},[20,64286,155],{},[35,64288,64290],{"className":37,"code":64289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64291,64292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64293,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302,64304,64306,64308,64310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64295,4027],{"class":115},[44,64297,1338],{"class":58},[44,64299,8059],{"class":62},[44,64301,1338],{"class":58},[44,64303,129],{"class":115},[44,64305,1332],{"class":58},[44,64307,22382],{"class":62},[44,64309,1338],{"class":58},[44,64311,3757],{"class":115},[1474,64313,64315],{"id":64314},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,64317,64319],{"className":37,"code":64318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64320,64321,64361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64322,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64324,13003],{"class":50},[44,64326,55],{"class":54},[44,64328,10629],{"class":115},[44,64330,112],{"class":58},[44,64332,126],{"class":62},[44,64334,112],{"class":58},[44,64336,790],{"class":115},[44,64338,59],{"class":58},[44,64340,8059],{"class":62},[44,64342,112],{"class":58},[44,64344,129],{"class":115},[44,64346,59],{"class":58},[44,64348,20028],{"class":62},[44,64350,112],{"class":58},[44,64352,790],{"class":115},[44,64354,59],{"class":58},[44,64356,22382],{"class":62},[44,64358,112],{"class":58},[44,64360,9447],{"class":115},[44,64362,64363,64365,64367,64369,64371,64373,64375,64377],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64364,142],{"class":141},[44,64366,123],{"class":115},[44,64368,8231],{"class":1296},[44,64370,123],{"class":115},[44,64372,945],{"class":119},[44,64374,116],{"class":115},[44,64376,7948],{"class":119},[44,64378,6426],{"class":115},[20,64380,155],{},[35,64382,64384],{"className":37,"code":64383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64385,64386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64387,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64400,64402,64404,64406,64408,64410,64412,64414,64416,64418,64420,64422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64389,21877],{"class":115},[44,64391,1338],{"class":58},[44,64393,126],{"class":62},[44,64395,1338],{"class":58},[44,64397,129],{"class":115},[44,64399,1332],{"class":58},[44,64401,8059],{"class":62},[44,64403,1338],{"class":58},[44,64405,9372],{"class":115},[44,64407,9375],{"class":115},[44,64409,1338],{"class":58},[44,64411,20028],{"class":62},[44,64413,1338],{"class":58},[44,64415,129],{"class":115},[44,64417,1332],{"class":58},[44,64419,22382],{"class":62},[44,64421,1338],{"class":58},[44,64423,9388],{"class":115},[20,64425,64426],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[30,64428,64430],{"id":64429},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64432,189,64433,10740],{},[15,64434,24916],{},[218,64436,64437,64445,64454],{},[221,64438,64439,64440,3000,64442],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64441,52782],{},[15,64443,64444],{},"sort()",[221,64446,64447,64448,3000,64450,64453],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64449,36335],{},[15,64451,64452],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[221,64455,64456],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64458,1361,64459,790],{},[15,64460,64452],{},[35,64462,64464],{"className":37,"code":64463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64465,64466,64490,64506,64510,64533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64467,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478,64480,64482,64484,64486,64488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64469,5126],{"class":50},[44,64471,55],{"class":54},[44,64473,3744],{"class":115},[44,64475,112],{"class":58},[44,64477,833],{"class":62},[44,64479,112],{"class":58},[44,64481,129],{"class":115},[44,64483,59],{"class":58},[44,64485,36077],{"class":62},[44,64487,112],{"class":58},[44,64489,3757],{"class":115},[44,64491,64492,64494,64496,64498,64500,64502,64504],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64493,5195],{"class":50},[44,64495,55],{"class":54},[44,64497,3744],{"class":115},[44,64499,13640],{"class":77},[44,64501,129],{"class":115},[44,64503,13645],{"class":77},[44,64505,3757],{"class":115},[44,64507,64508],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,64509,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,64511,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64523,64525,64527,64529,64531],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,64513,9354],{"class":50},[44,64515,55],{"class":54},[44,64517,22695],{"class":1296},[44,64519,123],{"class":115},[44,64521,64522],{"class":141},"zip",[44,64524,123],{"class":115},[44,64526,5170],{"class":119},[44,64528,129],{"class":115},[44,64530,5242],{"class":119},[44,64532,567],{"class":115},[44,64534,64535,64537,64539,64541],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,64536,142],{"class":141},[44,64538,123],{"class":115},[44,64540,9401],{"class":119},[44,64542,135],{"class":115},[20,64544,155],{},[35,64546,64548],{"className":37,"code":64547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64549,64550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64551,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64553,21877],{"class":115},[44,64555,1338],{"class":58},[44,64557,833],{"class":62},[44,64559,1338],{"class":58},[44,64561,129],{"class":115},[44,64563,20035],{"class":77},[44,64565,9372],{"class":115},[44,64567,9375],{"class":115},[44,64569,1338],{"class":58},[44,64571,36077],{"class":62},[44,64573,1338],{"class":58},[44,64575,129],{"class":115},[44,64577,13645],{"class":77},[44,64579,9388],{"class":115},[20,64581,64582,64583,64585,64586,116],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64584,52782],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[200,64587,53179],{"href":53178},[30,64589,4648],{"id":4647},[20,64591,56906,64592,116],{},[15,64593,24916],{},[1474,64595,64597],{"id":64596},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64599,4655],{},[35,64601,64603],{"className":37,"code":64602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64604,64605,64609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64606,64607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64608,4665],{"class":3787},[44,64610,64611,64613,64615,64617,64619,64621,64623,64625],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64612,8231],{"class":1296},[44,64614,123],{"class":115},[44,64616,3111],{"class":77},[44,64618,129],{"class":115},[44,64620,3116],{"class":77},[44,64622,129],{"class":115},[44,64624,2573],{"class":77},[44,64626,135],{"class":115},[20,64628,64629,64631],{},[15,64630,24916],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64633,18832],{},[35,64635,64637],{"className":37,"code":64636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64638,64639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64640,64641,64643,64645,64647,64649,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64642,142],{"class":141},[44,64644,123],{"class":115},[44,64646,8231],{"class":1296},[44,64648,5645],{"class":115},[44,64650,3111],{"class":77},[44,64652,129],{"class":115},[44,64654,3116],{"class":77},[44,64656,129],{"class":115},[44,64658,2573],{"class":77},[44,64660,3034],{"class":115},[1474,64662,64664,64665],{"id":64663},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,64666,64667],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64669,64670],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,64672,64674],{"className":37,"code":64673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64675,64676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64677,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686,64688,64690,64692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64679,142],{"class":141},[44,64681,123],{"class":115},[44,64683,8231],{"class":1296},[44,64685,123],{"class":115},[44,64687,112],{"class":58},[44,64689,3971],{"class":62},[44,64691,112],{"class":58},[44,64693,567],{"class":115},[20,64695,155],{},[35,64697,64699],{"className":37,"code":64698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64700,64701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64702,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711,64713,64715,64717,64719,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64704,4027],{"class":115},[44,64706,1338],{"class":58},[44,64708,60570],{"class":62},[44,64710,1338],{"class":58},[44,64712,129],{"class":115},[44,64714,1332],{"class":58},[44,64716,60579],{"class":62},[44,64718,1338],{"class":58},[44,64720,129],{"class":115},[44,64722,1332],{"class":58},[44,64724,60588],{"class":62},[44,64726,1338],{"class":58},[44,64728,129],{"class":115},[44,64730,1332],{"class":58},[44,64732,60588],{"class":62},[44,64734,1338],{"class":58},[44,64736,129],{"class":115},[44,64738,1332],{"class":58},[44,64740,60605],{"class":62},[44,64742,1338],{"class":58},[44,64744,3757],{"class":115},[20,64746,64747],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64749,64750],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,64752,64754],{"className":37,"code":64753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64755,64756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64757,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64759,142],{"class":141},[44,64761,3108],{"class":115},[44,64763,112],{"class":58},[44,64765,3971],{"class":62},[44,64767,112],{"class":58},[44,64769,4015],{"class":115},[1474,64771,64773],{"id":64772},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64775,64776],{},"This:",[35,64778,64780],{"className":37,"code":64779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64781,64782,64814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64783,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804,64806,64808,64810,64812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64785,9306],{"class":50},[44,64787,55],{"class":54},[44,64789,10629],{"class":115},[44,64791,112],{"class":58},[44,64793,200],{"class":62},[44,64795,112],{"class":58},[44,64797,790],{"class":115},[44,64799,5632],{"class":77},[44,64801,129],{"class":115},[44,64803,59],{"class":58},[44,64805,4891],{"class":62},[44,64807,112],{"class":58},[44,64809,790],{"class":115},[44,64811,3116],{"class":77},[44,64813,9447],{"class":115},[44,64815,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,64817,142],{"class":141},[44,64819,123],{"class":115},[44,64821,8231],{"class":1296},[44,64823,123],{"class":115},[44,64825,9343],{"class":119},[44,64827,567],{"class":115},[20,64829,64830],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64832,189,64833,64836],{},[15,64834,64835],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1474,64838,64840],{"id":64839},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64842,64843,64845],{},[15,64844,24916],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64847,64848],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[30,64850,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,64852,5312,64854,64856],{"id":64853},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,64855],{}," and list()?",[20,64858,64859,64860,64862,64863,64865],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64861,3913],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64864,24916],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1474,64867,64869],{"id":64868},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64871,64872,64873,64875],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64874,24916],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1474,64877,64879],{"id":64878},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64881,64882],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1474,64884,64886],{"id":64885},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64888,64889],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1474,64891,64893],{"id":64892},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64895,64896,64897,64899],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64898,24916],{}," cannot loop through it.",[30,64901,2019],{"id":2018},[218,64903,64904,64908,64913,64917,64921,64925,64929,64934],{},[221,64905,64906],{},[200,64907,52901],{"href":51109},[221,64909,64910],{},[200,64911,64912],{"href":36332},"Python range() function explained",[221,64914,64915],{},[200,64916,63350],{"href":63349},[221,64918,64919],{},[200,64920,63682],{"href":63681},[221,64922,64923],{},[200,64924,5349],{"href":5721},[221,64926,64927],{},[200,64928,13928],{"href":13927},[221,64930,64931],{},[200,64932,64933],{"href":52729},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[221,64935,64936],{},[200,64937,54408],{"href":53178},[2048,64939,64940],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":64942},[64943,64944,64945,64946,64947,64954,64955,64956,64961,64962,64969,64977],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":63052,"depth":69,"text":63053},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":59751,"depth":69,"text":59752},{"id":63280,"depth":69,"text":63281,"children":64948},[64949,64950,64951,64952,64953],{"id":63284,"depth":81,"text":63285},{"id":63353,"depth":81,"text":63354},{"id":63431,"depth":81,"text":63432},{"id":63506,"depth":81,"text":63507},{"id":63573,"depth":81,"text":63574},{"id":63685,"depth":69,"text":63686},{"id":63821,"depth":69,"text":63822},{"id":64121,"depth":69,"text":64122,"children":64957},[64958,64959,64960],{"id":64130,"depth":81,"text":64131},{"id":64220,"depth":81,"text":64221},{"id":64314,"depth":81,"text":64315},{"id":64429,"depth":69,"text":64430},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":64963},[64964,64965,64967,64968],{"id":64596,"depth":81,"text":64597},{"id":64663,"depth":81,"text":64966},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64772,"depth":81,"text":64773},{"id":64839,"depth":81,"text":64840},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":64970},[64971,64973,64974,64975,64976],{"id":64853,"depth":81,"text":64972},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64868,"depth":81,"text":64869},{"id":64878,"depth":81,"text":64879},{"id":64885,"depth":81,"text":64886},{"id":64892,"depth":81,"text":64893},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62886,"description":64978},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64985,"title":64986,"body":64987,"description":66338,"extension":2084,"meta":66339,"navigation":84,"path":66340,"seo":66341,"stem":66342,"__hash__":66343},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64988,"toc":66312},[64989,64994,65000,65009,65011,65084,65093,65098,65102,65118,65122,65124,65126,65145,65148,65176,65179,65204,65212,65214,65219,65226,65228,65285,65287,65295,65301,65305,65308,65381,65383,65391,65394,65417,65424,65430,65434,65440,65511,65513,65521,65530,65537,65544,65552,65696,65698,65715,65718,65757,65760,65764,65769,65771,65830,65836,65839,65946,65948,65963,65966,65973,65975,65979,66127,66130,66191,66194,66197,66218,66223,66227,66238,66241,66243,66248,66251,66259,66264,66270,66273,66279,66287,66289,66309],[10,64990,54472,64992,18],{"id":64991},"python-list-index-method",[15,64993,59099],{},[20,64995,64996,64999],{},[15,64997,64998],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,65001,65002,65003,65006,65007,116],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[153,65004,65005],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65008,40841],{},[30,65010,3729],{"id":3728},[35,65012,65014],{"className":37,"code":65013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,65015,65016,65048,65071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65017,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044,65046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65019,7917],{"class":50},[44,65021,55],{"class":54},[44,65023,3744],{"class":115},[44,65025,112],{"class":58},[44,65027,4207],{"class":62},[44,65029,112],{"class":58},[44,65031,129],{"class":115},[44,65033,59],{"class":58},[44,65035,4216],{"class":62},[44,65037,112],{"class":58},[44,65039,129],{"class":115},[44,65041,59],{"class":58},[44,65043,4225],{"class":62},[44,65045,112],{"class":58},[44,65047,3757],{"class":115},[44,65049,65050,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65051,65052],{"class":50},"position ",[44,65054,55],{"class":54},[44,65056,6101],{"class":50},[44,65058,116],{"class":115},[44,65060,35982],{"class":119},[44,65062,123],{"class":115},[44,65064,112],{"class":58},[44,65066,4216],{"class":62},[44,65068,112],{"class":58},[44,65070,135],{"class":115},[44,65072,65073,65075,65077,65080,65082],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,65074,142],{"class":141},[44,65076,123],{"class":115},[44,65078,65079],{"class":119},"position",[44,65081,3784],{"class":115},[44,65083,27915],{"class":3787},[20,65085,189,65086,65089,65090,65092],{},[15,65087,65088],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65091,40841],{}," if the item is not found.",[30,65094,3802,65096,3805],{"id":65095},"what-listindex-does",[15,65097,64998],{},[20,65099,65100,790],{},[15,65101,64998],{},[218,65103,65104,65107,65110,65115],{},[221,65105,65106],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[221,65108,65109],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[221,65111,65112,65113],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65114,2240],{},[221,65116,65117],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65119,54697,65120,116],{},[200,65121,52901],{"href":54700},[30,65123,351],{"id":350},[20,65125,30862],{},[35,65127,65129],{"className":37,"code":65128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65130,65131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65132,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65134,8477],{"class":50},[44,65136,116],{"class":115},[44,65138,35982],{"class":119},[44,65140,123],{"class":115},[44,65142,379],{"class":119},[44,65144,135],{"class":115},[20,65146,65147],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,65149,65151],{"className":37,"code":65150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65152,65153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65154,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65156,8477],{"class":50},[44,65158,116],{"class":115},[44,65160,35982],{"class":119},[44,65162,123],{"class":115},[44,65164,379],{"class":119},[44,65166,129],{"class":115},[44,65168,36188],{"class":119},[44,65170,129],{"class":115},[44,65172,65173],{"class":119}," end",[44,65175,135],{"class":115},[20,65177,65178],{},"Here is what each part means:",[218,65180,65181,65186,65191,65196],{},[221,65182,65183,65185],{},[15,65184,379],{},": the item to search for",[221,65187,65188,65190],{},[15,65189,36209],{},": where the search begins",[221,65192,65193,65195],{},[15,65194,52790],{},": where the search stops",[221,65197,65198,4914,65200,65203],{},[15,65199,52790],{},[153,65201,65202],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65205,65206,65207,65209,65210,116],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65208,36209],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65211,52790],{},[30,65213,38157],{"id":38156},[20,65215,65216,65218],{},[15,65217,64998],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65220,65221,65222,65225],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[153,65223,65224],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65227,238],{},[35,65229,65231],{"className":37,"code":65230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65232,65233,65253,65271,65275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65234,65235,65237,65239,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65236,3739],{"class":50},[44,65238,55],{"class":54},[44,65240,3744],{"class":115},[44,65242,2451],{"class":77},[44,65244,129],{"class":115},[44,65246,7928],{"class":77},[44,65248,129],{"class":115},[44,65250,7933],{"class":77},[44,65252,3757],{"class":115},[44,65254,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65256,2351],{"class":50},[44,65258,55],{"class":54},[44,65260,4392],{"class":50},[44,65262,116],{"class":115},[44,65264,35982],{"class":119},[44,65266,123],{"class":115},[44,65268,15892],{"class":77},[44,65270,135],{"class":115},[44,65272,65273],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,65274,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,65276,65277,65279,65281,65283],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,65278,142],{"class":141},[44,65280,123],{"class":115},[44,65282,2386],{"class":119},[44,65284,135],{"class":115},[20,65286,155],{},[35,65288,65289],{"className":37,"code":47048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65290,65291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65292,65293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65294,47048],{"class":77},[20,65296,65297,65298,65300],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65299,59099],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[30,65302,65304],{"id":65303},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65306,65307],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,65309,65311],{"className":37,"code":65310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65312,65313,65345,65367,65371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65314,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65316,36376],{"class":50},[44,65318,55],{"class":54},[44,65320,3744],{"class":115},[44,65322,112],{"class":58},[44,65324,4207],{"class":62},[44,65326,112],{"class":58},[44,65328,129],{"class":115},[44,65330,59],{"class":58},[44,65332,4216],{"class":62},[44,65334,112],{"class":58},[44,65336,129],{"class":115},[44,65338,59],{"class":58},[44,65340,4225],{"class":62},[44,65342,112],{"class":58},[44,65344,3757],{"class":115},[44,65346,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363,65365],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65348,65052],{"class":50},[44,65350,55],{"class":54},[44,65352,52981],{"class":50},[44,65354,116],{"class":115},[44,65356,35982],{"class":119},[44,65358,123],{"class":115},[44,65360,112],{"class":58},[44,65362,4225],{"class":62},[44,65364,112],{"class":58},[44,65366,135],{"class":115},[44,65368,65369],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,65370,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,65372,65373,65375,65377,65379],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,65374,142],{"class":141},[44,65376,123],{"class":115},[44,65378,65079],{"class":119},[44,65380,135],{"class":115},[20,65382,155],{},[35,65384,65385],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65386,65387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65388,65389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65390,17194],{"class":77},[20,65392,65393],{},"In this list:",[218,65395,65396,65403,65410],{},[221,65397,65398,65400,65401],{},[15,65399,57964],{}," is at index ",[15,65402,2240],{},[221,65404,65405,65400,65408],{},[15,65406,65407],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65409,3111],{},[221,65411,65412,65400,65415],{},[15,65413,65414],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65416,2177],{},[20,65418,53783,65419,2518,65422,116],{},[15,65420,65421],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65423,2177],{},[20,65425,51673,65426,116],{},[200,65427,65429],{"href":65428},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[30,65431,65433],{"id":65432},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65435,65436,65437,65439],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65438,59099],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,65441,65443],{"className":37,"code":65442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65444,65445,65485,65489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65446,65447,65449,65451,65453,65455,65457,65459,65461,65463,65465,65467,65469,65471,65473,65475,65477,65479,65481,65483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65448,13213],{"class":50},[44,65450,55],{"class":54},[44,65452,3744],{"class":115},[44,65454,112],{"class":58},[44,65456,13230],{"class":62},[44,65458,112],{"class":58},[44,65460,129],{"class":115},[44,65462,59],{"class":58},[44,65464,13247],{"class":62},[44,65466,112],{"class":58},[44,65468,129],{"class":115},[44,65470,59],{"class":58},[44,65472,13230],{"class":62},[44,65474,112],{"class":58},[44,65476,129],{"class":115},[44,65478,59],{"class":58},[44,65480,17592],{"class":62},[44,65482,112],{"class":58},[44,65484,3757],{"class":115},[44,65486,65487],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65488,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,65490,65491,65493,65495,65497,65499,65501,65503,65505,65507,65509],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,65492,142],{"class":141},[44,65494,123],{"class":115},[44,65496,17639],{"class":119},[44,65498,116],{"class":115},[44,65500,35982],{"class":119},[44,65502,123],{"class":115},[44,65504,112],{"class":58},[44,65506,13230],{"class":62},[44,65508,112],{"class":58},[44,65510,567],{"class":115},[20,65512,155],{},[35,65514,65515],{"className":37,"code":47383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65516,65517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65518,65519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65520,47383],{"class":77},[20,65522,21115,65523,65526,65527,65529],{},[15,65524,65525],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65528,2240],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65531,65532,65533,116],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[200,65534,55650,65535,10880],{"href":59158},[15,65536,57421],{},[30,65538,8556,65540,536,65542],{"id":65539},"using-start-and-end",[15,65541,36209],{},[15,65543,52790],{},[20,65545,65546,65547,536,65549,65551],{},"The optional ",[15,65548,36209],{},[15,65550,52790],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,65553,65555],{"className":37,"code":65554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65556,65557,65605,65609,65634,65663],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65558,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65560,36227],{"class":50},[44,65562,55],{"class":54},[44,65564,3744],{"class":115},[44,65566,112],{"class":58},[44,65568,200],{"class":62},[44,65570,112],{"class":58},[44,65572,129],{"class":115},[44,65574,59],{"class":58},[44,65576,4891],{"class":62},[44,65578,112],{"class":58},[44,65580,129],{"class":115},[44,65582,59],{"class":58},[44,65584,9878],{"class":62},[44,65586,112],{"class":58},[44,65588,129],{"class":115},[44,65590,59],{"class":58},[44,65592,4891],{"class":62},[44,65594,112],{"class":58},[44,65596,129],{"class":115},[44,65598,59],{"class":58},[44,65600,18905],{"class":62},[44,65602,112],{"class":58},[44,65604,3757],{"class":115},[44,65606,65607],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65608,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,65610,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,65612,142],{"class":141},[44,65614,123],{"class":115},[44,65616,36280],{"class":119},[44,65618,116],{"class":115},[44,65620,35982],{"class":119},[44,65622,123],{"class":115},[44,65624,112],{"class":58},[44,65626,4891],{"class":62},[44,65628,112],{"class":58},[44,65630,5495],{"class":115},[44,65632,65633],{"class":3787},"        # first match\n",[44,65635,65636,65638,65640,65642,65644,65646,65648,65650,65652,65654,65656,65658,65660],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,65637,142],{"class":141},[44,65639,123],{"class":115},[44,65641,36280],{"class":119},[44,65643,116],{"class":115},[44,65645,35982],{"class":119},[44,65647,123],{"class":115},[44,65649,112],{"class":58},[44,65651,4891],{"class":62},[44,65653,112],{"class":58},[44,65655,129],{"class":115},[44,65657,3116],{"class":77},[44,65659,5495],{"class":115},[44,65661,65662],{"class":3787},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,65664,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675,65677,65679,65681,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,65666,142],{"class":141},[44,65668,123],{"class":115},[44,65670,36280],{"class":119},[44,65672,116],{"class":115},[44,65674,35982],{"class":119},[44,65676,123],{"class":115},[44,65678,112],{"class":58},[44,65680,4891],{"class":62},[44,65682,112],{"class":58},[44,65684,129],{"class":115},[44,65686,5632],{"class":77},[44,65688,129],{"class":115},[44,65690,2579],{"class":77},[44,65692,5495],{"class":115},[44,65694,65695],{"class":3787},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65697,155],{},[35,65699,65701],{"className":37,"code":65700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65702,65703,65707,65711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65704,65705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65706,47048],{"class":77},[44,65708,65709],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65710,46748],{"class":77},[44,65712,65713],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,65714,47048],{"class":77},[20,65716,65717],{},"How this works:",[218,65719,65720,65732,65745],{},[221,65721,65722,65725,65726,65729,65730],{},[15,65723,65724],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65727,65728],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65731,3111],{},[221,65733,65734,65737,65738,65740,65741,65729,65743],{},[15,65735,65736],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65739,2177],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65742,65728],{},[15,65744,2183],{},[221,65746,65747,65750,65751,2310,65753,17210,65755],{},[15,65748,65749],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65752,3111],{},[15,65754,2177],{},[15,65756,2183],{},[20,65758,65759],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[30,65761,65763],{"id":65762},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65765,65766,65767,116],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65768,40841],{},[20,65770,238],{},[35,65772,65774],{"className":37,"code":65773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65775,65776,65808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65777,65778,65780,65782,65784,65786,65788,65790,65792,65794,65796,65798,65800,65802,65804,65806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65779,7917],{"class":50},[44,65781,55],{"class":54},[44,65783,3744],{"class":115},[44,65785,112],{"class":58},[44,65787,4207],{"class":62},[44,65789,112],{"class":58},[44,65791,129],{"class":115},[44,65793,59],{"class":58},[44,65795,4216],{"class":62},[44,65797,112],{"class":58},[44,65799,129],{"class":115},[44,65801,59],{"class":58},[44,65803,4225],{"class":62},[44,65805,112],{"class":58},[44,65807,3757],{"class":115},[44,65809,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826,65828],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65811,142],{"class":141},[44,65813,123],{"class":115},[44,65815,7948],{"class":119},[44,65817,116],{"class":115},[44,65819,35982],{"class":119},[44,65821,123],{"class":115},[44,65823,112],{"class":58},[44,65825,33357],{"class":62},[44,65827,112],{"class":58},[44,65829,567],{"class":115},[20,65831,39791,65832,65835],{},[15,65833,65834],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65837,65838],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,65840,65842],{"className":37,"code":65841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65843,65844,65876,65889,65893,65906,65925,65931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65845,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856,65858,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65847,7917],{"class":50},[44,65849,55],{"class":54},[44,65851,3744],{"class":115},[44,65853,112],{"class":58},[44,65855,4207],{"class":62},[44,65857,112],{"class":58},[44,65859,129],{"class":115},[44,65861,59],{"class":58},[44,65863,4216],{"class":62},[44,65865,112],{"class":58},[44,65867,129],{"class":115},[44,65869,59],{"class":58},[44,65871,4225],{"class":62},[44,65873,112],{"class":58},[44,65875,3757],{"class":115},[44,65877,65878,65881,65883,65885,65887],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,65879,65880],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,65882,55],{"class":54},[44,65884,59],{"class":58},[44,65886,33357],{"class":62},[44,65888,66],{"class":58},[44,65890,65891],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,65892,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,65894,65895,65897,65900,65902,65904],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,65896,7135],{"class":4003},[44,65898,65899],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,65901,887],{"class":54},[44,65903,6101],{"class":50},[44,65905,6530],{"class":115},[44,65907,65908,65910,65912,65914,65916,65918,65920,65923],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,65909,8206],{"class":141},[44,65911,123],{"class":115},[44,65913,7948],{"class":119},[44,65915,116],{"class":115},[44,65917,35982],{"class":119},[44,65919,123],{"class":115},[44,65921,65922],{"class":119},"search_value",[44,65924,567],{"class":115},[44,65926,65927,65929],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,65928,27569],{"class":4003},[44,65930,6530],{"class":115},[44,65932,65933,65935,65937,65939,65942,65944],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,65934,8206],{"class":141},[44,65936,123],{"class":115},[44,65938,112],{"class":58},[44,65940,65941],{"class":62},"Item not found",[44,65943,112],{"class":58},[44,65945,135],{"class":115},[20,65947,155],{},[35,65949,65951],{"className":37,"code":65950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,65952,65953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65954,65955,65958,65960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65956,65957],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,65959,4761],{"class":54},[44,65961,65962],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,65964,65965],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65967,65968,65969,116],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[200,65970,65972],{"href":65971},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,65974,4648],{"id":4647},[20,65976,21349,65977,790],{},[15,65978,64998],{},[218,65980,65981,65999,66011,66071],{},[221,65982,25909,65983,2518,65985,65988,65989,65991,65992,5293,65994,65996,65997,116],{},[15,65984,59099],{},[15,65986,65987],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9984,65990],{},"\nPython does ",[153,65993,4761],{},[15,65995,65987],{},". It raises ",[15,65998,40841],{},[221,66000,66001,66002,66004,66007,66008,66010],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9984,66003],{},[15,66005,66006],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,66009,65407],{},", not the value itself.",[221,66012,8556,66013,11232,66016,66018,66020,66021,16793,66023,66046,16781,66048],{},[15,66014,66015],{},"index[]",[15,66017,59099],{},[9984,66019],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9984,66022],{},[35,66024,66026],{"className":37,"code":66025,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,66027,66028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66029,66030,66032,66034,66036,66038,66040,66042,66044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66031,7948],{"class":50},[44,66033,116],{"class":115},[44,66035,35982],{"class":119},[44,66037,123],{"class":115},[44,66039,112],{"class":58},[44,66041,4216],{"class":62},[44,66043,112],{"class":58},[44,66045,135],{"class":115},[9984,66047],{},[35,66049,66051],{"className":37,"code":66050,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,66052,66053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66054,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067,66069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66056,7948],{"class":50},[44,66058,116],{"class":115},[44,66060,35982],{"class":685},[44,66062,4027],{"class":115},[44,66064,112],{"class":58},[44,66066,4216],{"class":62},[44,66068,112],{"class":58},[44,66070,3757],{"class":115},[221,66072,66073,66074,66076,536,66079,66081,66082],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9984,66075],{},[15,66077,66078],{},"\"3\"",[15,66080,2183],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,66083,66085],{"className":37,"code":66084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66086,66087,66107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66088,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66090,3739],{"class":50},[44,66092,55],{"class":54},[44,66094,3744],{"class":115},[44,66096,3111],{"class":77},[44,66098,129],{"class":115},[44,66100,3116],{"class":77},[44,66102,129],{"class":115},[44,66104,2573],{"class":77},[44,66106,3757],{"class":115},[44,66108,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66110,142],{"class":141},[44,66112,123],{"class":115},[44,66114,112],{"class":58},[44,66116,2183],{"class":62},[44,66118,112],{"class":58},[44,66120,21311],{"class":4003},[44,66122,4392],{"class":119},[44,66124,3784],{"class":115},[44,66126,4902],{"class":3787},[20,66128,66129],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,66131,66133],{"className":37,"code":66132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66134,66135,66145,66159,66173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66136,66137,66139,66141,66143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66138,142],{"class":141},[44,66140,123],{"class":115},[44,66142,8477],{"class":119},[44,66144,135],{"class":115},[44,66146,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66148,142],{"class":141},[44,66150,123],{"class":115},[44,66152,1297],{"class":1296},[44,66154,123],{"class":115},[44,66156,65922],{"class":119},[44,66158,567],{"class":115},[44,66160,66161,66163,66165,66167,66169,66171],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,66162,142],{"class":141},[44,66164,123],{"class":115},[44,66166,65880],{"class":119},[44,66168,887],{"class":4003},[44,66170,8534],{"class":119},[44,66172,135],{"class":115},[44,66174,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183,66185,66187,66189],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,66176,142],{"class":141},[44,66178,123],{"class":115},[44,66180,8477],{"class":119},[44,66182,116],{"class":115},[44,66184,35982],{"class":119},[44,66186,123],{"class":115},[44,66188,65922],{"class":119},[44,66190,567],{"class":115},[20,66192,66193],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66195,66196],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[218,66198,66199,66202,66209,66215],{},[221,66200,66201],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[221,66203,66204,66205,11232,66207],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66206,66078],{},[15,66208,2183],{},[221,66210,66211,66212,66214],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66213,59099],{}," returns only the first one",[221,66216,66217],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[30,66219,5092,66221],{"id":66220},"when-to-use-index",[15,66222,59099],{},[20,66224,189,66225,10740],{},[15,66226,59099],{},[218,66228,66229,66232,66235],{},[221,66230,66231],{},"You need the position of a known value",[221,66233,66234],{},"You are working with a small list",[221,66236,66237],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66239,66240],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[30,66242,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,66244,5274,66246,5277],{"id":66245},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66247,64998],{},[20,66249,66250],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1474,66252,12844,66254,5293,66256,66258],{"id":66253},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66255,64998],{},[15,66257,65987],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66260,66261,66262,6768],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66263,40841],{},[1474,66265,5302,66267,66269],{"id":66266},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66268,64998],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66271,66272],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1474,66274,66276,66277,1995],{"id":66275},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66278,59099],{},[20,66280,66281,66282,536,66284,66286],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66283,36209],{},[15,66285,52790],{}," arguments.",[30,66288,2019],{"id":2018},[218,66290,66291,66295,66299,66303],{},[221,66292,66293],{},[200,66294,59087],{"href":65428},[221,66296,66297],{},[200,66298,52901],{"href":54700},[221,66300,66301],{},[200,66302,65972],{"href":65971},[221,66304,66305],{},[200,66306,55650,66307,10880],{"href":59158},[15,66308,57421],{},[2048,66310,66311],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":66313},[66314,66315,66317,66318,66319,66320,66321,66323,66324,66325,66327,66337],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":65095,"depth":69,"text":66316},"What list.index() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":38156,"depth":69,"text":38157},{"id":65303,"depth":69,"text":65304},{"id":65432,"depth":69,"text":65433},{"id":65539,"depth":69,"text":66322},"Using start and end",{"id":65762,"depth":69,"text":65763},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648},{"id":66220,"depth":69,"text":66326},"When to use index()",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":66328},[66329,66331,66333,66335],{"id":66245,"depth":81,"text":66330},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66253,"depth":81,"text":66332},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66266,"depth":81,"text":66334},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66275,"depth":81,"text":66336},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64986,"description":66338},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66345,"title":66346,"body":66347,"description":68287,"extension":2084,"meta":68288,"navigation":84,"path":68289,"seo":68290,"stem":68291,"__hash__":68292},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66348,"toc":68247},[66349,66354,66359,66362,66371,66428,66434,66439,66443,66457,66463,66465,66488,66505,66507,66568,66570,66602,66615,66617,66620,66720,66722,66800,66806,66810,66818,66822,66828,66883,66885,66909,66913,66916,66969,66971,66995,66999,67002,67055,67057,67081,67085,67091,67162,67164,67205,67211,67218,67221,67226,67234,67239,67247,67249,67346,67348,67417,67424,67429,67431,67435,67440,67442,67513,67515,67544,67550,67552,67579,67582,67605,67609,67612,67634,67637,67660,67662,67722,67724,67756,67762,67767,67820,67822,67847,67850,67899,67901,67922,67926,67931,67934,67989,67991,68018,68025,68027,68032,68103,68106,68120,68125,68130,68132,68146,68158,68163,68165,68170,68175,68179,68182,68188,68194,68201,68209,68211,68244],[10,66350,54472,66352,18],{"id":66351},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66353,54398],{},[20,66355,66356,66358],{},[15,66357,54041],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66360,66361],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66363,189,66364,66366,66367,116],{},[15,66365,54398],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[200,66368,55650,66369,10880],{"href":56899},[15,66370,52782],{},[35,66372,66374],{"className":37,"code":66373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66375,66376,66396,66414,66424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66377,66378,66380,66382,66384,66386,66388,66390,66392,66394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66379,3739],{"class":50},[44,66381,55],{"class":54},[44,66383,3744],{"class":115},[44,66385,3111],{"class":77},[44,66387,129],{"class":115},[44,66389,3116],{"class":77},[44,66391,129],{"class":115},[44,66393,2579],{"class":77},[44,66395,3757],{"class":115},[44,66397,66398,66400,66402,66404,66406,66408,66410,66412],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66399,3771],{"class":50},[44,66401,116],{"class":115},[44,66403,54081],{"class":119},[44,66405,123],{"class":115},[44,66407,2177],{"class":77},[44,66409,129],{"class":115},[44,66411,2573],{"class":77},[44,66413,135],{"class":115},[44,66415,66416,66418,66420,66422],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,66417,142],{"class":141},[44,66419,123],{"class":115},[44,66421,3771],{"class":119},[44,66423,135],{"class":115},[44,66425,66426],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,66427,52853],{"class":3787},[20,66429,189,66430,66433],{},[15,66431,66432],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[30,66435,3802,66437,3805],{"id":66436},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66438,54041],{},[20,66440,66441,790],{},[15,66442,54041],{},[218,66444,66445,66448,66451,66453],{},[221,66446,66447],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[221,66449,66450],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[221,66452,54558],{},[221,66454,11563,66455],{},[15,66456,3904],{},[20,66458,66459,66460,66462],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66461,54398],{}," does not create a new list.",[30,66464,5565],{"id":5564},[35,66466,66468],{"className":37,"code":66467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66469,66470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66471,66472,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66473,8477],{"class":50},[44,66475,116],{"class":115},[44,66477,54081],{"class":119},[44,66479,123],{"class":115},[44,66481,35982],{"class":119},[44,66483,129],{"class":115},[44,66485,29643],{"class":119},[44,66487,135],{"class":115},[218,66489,66490,66495,66500],{},[221,66491,66492,66494],{},[15,66493,35982],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[221,66496,66497,66499],{},[15,66498,23446],{}," is the value to add",[221,66501,66502,66503],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66504,2240],{},[20,66506,238],{},[35,66508,66510],{"className":37,"code":66509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66511,66512,66536,66558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66513,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66515,36227],{"class":50},[44,66517,55],{"class":54},[44,66519,3744],{"class":115},[44,66521,112],{"class":58},[44,66523,200],{"class":62},[44,66525,112],{"class":58},[44,66527,129],{"class":115},[44,66529,59],{"class":58},[44,66531,9878],{"class":62},[44,66533,112],{"class":58},[44,66535,3757],{"class":115},[44,66537,66538,66540,66542,66544,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66539,36280],{"class":50},[44,66541,116],{"class":115},[44,66543,54081],{"class":119},[44,66545,123],{"class":115},[44,66547,3111],{"class":77},[44,66549,129],{"class":115},[44,66551,59],{"class":58},[44,66553,4891],{"class":62},[44,66555,112],{"class":58},[44,66557,135],{"class":115},[44,66559,66560,66562,66564,66566],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,66561,142],{"class":141},[44,66563,123],{"class":115},[44,66565,36280],{"class":119},[44,66567,135],{"class":115},[20,66569,155],{},[35,66571,66572],{"className":37,"code":43012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66573,66574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66575,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66577,4027],{"class":115},[44,66579,1338],{"class":58},[44,66581,200],{"class":62},[44,66583,1338],{"class":58},[44,66585,129],{"class":115},[44,66587,1332],{"class":58},[44,66589,4891],{"class":62},[44,66591,1338],{"class":58},[44,66593,129],{"class":115},[44,66595,1332],{"class":58},[44,66597,9878],{"class":62},[44,66599,1338],{"class":58},[44,66601,3757],{"class":115},[20,66603,20908,66604,66606,66607,66609,66610,536,66612,116],{},[15,66605,65728],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66608,3111],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66611,18233],{},[15,66613,66614],{},"\"c\"",[30,66616,5922],{"id":5921},[20,66618,66619],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,66621,66623],{"className":37,"code":66622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66624,66625,66657,66675,66679,66701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66626,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66628,13213],{"class":50},[44,66630,55],{"class":54},[44,66632,3744],{"class":115},[44,66634,112],{"class":58},[44,66636,13230],{"class":62},[44,66638,112],{"class":58},[44,66640,129],{"class":115},[44,66642,59],{"class":58},[44,66644,13247],{"class":62},[44,66646,112],{"class":58},[44,66648,129],{"class":115},[44,66650,59],{"class":58},[44,66652,17592],{"class":62},[44,66654,112],{"class":58},[44,66656,3757],{"class":115},[44,66658,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66660,142],{"class":141},[44,66662,123],{"class":115},[44,66664,112],{"class":58},[44,66666,11703],{"class":62},[44,66668,112],{"class":58},[44,66670,129],{"class":115},[44,66672,13261],{"class":119},[44,66674,135],{"class":115},[44,66676,66677],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,66678,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,66680,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,66682,17639],{"class":50},[44,66684,116],{"class":115},[44,66686,54081],{"class":119},[44,66688,123],{"class":115},[44,66690,3111],{"class":77},[44,66692,129],{"class":115},[44,66694,59],{"class":58},[44,66696,22659],{"class":62},[44,66698,112],{"class":58},[44,66700,135],{"class":115},[44,66702,66703,66705,66707,66709,66712,66714,66716,66718],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,66704,142],{"class":141},[44,66706,123],{"class":115},[44,66708,112],{"class":58},[44,66710,66711],{"class":62},"After: ",[44,66713,112],{"class":58},[44,66715,129],{"class":115},[44,66717,13261],{"class":119},[44,66719,135],{"class":115},[20,66721,155],{},[35,66723,66725],{"className":37,"code":66724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66726,66727,66759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66728,66729,66731,66733,66735,66737,66739,66741,66743,66745,66747,66749,66751,66753,66755,66757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66730,11763],{"class":50},[44,66732,790],{"class":115},[44,66734,3744],{"class":115},[44,66736,1338],{"class":58},[44,66738,13230],{"class":62},[44,66740,1338],{"class":58},[44,66742,129],{"class":115},[44,66744,1332],{"class":58},[44,66746,13247],{"class":62},[44,66748,1338],{"class":58},[44,66750,129],{"class":115},[44,66752,1332],{"class":58},[44,66754,17592],{"class":62},[44,66756,1338],{"class":58},[44,66758,3757],{"class":115},[44,66760,66761,66763,66765,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796,66798],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66762,11816],{"class":50},[44,66764,790],{"class":115},[44,66766,66767],{"class":115},"  [",[44,66769,1338],{"class":58},[44,66771,13230],{"class":62},[44,66773,1338],{"class":58},[44,66775,129],{"class":115},[44,66777,1332],{"class":58},[44,66779,22659],{"class":62},[44,66781,1338],{"class":58},[44,66783,129],{"class":115},[44,66785,1332],{"class":58},[44,66787,13247],{"class":62},[44,66789,1338],{"class":58},[44,66791,129],{"class":115},[44,66793,1332],{"class":58},[44,66795,17592],{"class":62},[44,66797,1338],{"class":58},[44,66799,3757],{"class":115},[20,66801,66802,66803,66805],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66804,3111],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[30,66807,66809],{"id":66808},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66811,213,66812,35465,66814,66817],{},[15,66813,35982],{},[15,66815,66816],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1474,66819,66821],{"id":66820},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66823,66824,66825,66827],{},"Use index ",[15,66826,2240],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,66829,66831],{"className":37,"code":66830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66832,66833,66854,66873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66834,66835,66838,66840,66842,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66836,66837],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,66839,55],{"class":54},[44,66841,3744],{"class":115},[44,66843,2177],{"class":77},[44,66845,129],{"class":115},[44,66847,2573],{"class":77},[44,66849,129],{"class":115},[44,66851,2579],{"class":77},[44,66853,3757],{"class":115},[44,66855,66856,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66857,66858],{"class":50},"nums",[44,66860,116],{"class":115},[44,66862,54081],{"class":119},[44,66864,123],{"class":115},[44,66866,2240],{"class":77},[44,66868,129],{"class":115},[44,66870,5632],{"class":77},[44,66872,135],{"class":115},[44,66874,66875,66877,66879,66881],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,66876,142],{"class":141},[44,66878,123],{"class":115},[44,66880,66858],{"class":119},[44,66882,135],{"class":115},[20,66884,155],{},[35,66886,66887],{"className":37,"code":53635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66888,66889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66890,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899,66901,66903,66905,66907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66892,4027],{"class":115},[44,66894,3111],{"class":77},[44,66896,129],{"class":115},[44,66898,3116],{"class":77},[44,66900,129],{"class":115},[44,66902,2573],{"class":77},[44,66904,129],{"class":115},[44,66906,2579],{"class":77},[44,66908,3757],{"class":115},[1474,66910,66912],{"id":66911},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66914,66915],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,66917,66919],{"className":37,"code":66918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66920,66921,66941,66959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66922,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66924,66837],{"class":50},[44,66926,55],{"class":54},[44,66928,3744],{"class":115},[44,66930,3111],{"class":77},[44,66932,129],{"class":115},[44,66934,3116],{"class":77},[44,66936,129],{"class":115},[44,66938,2579],{"class":77},[44,66940,3757],{"class":115},[44,66942,66943,66945,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,66944,66858],{"class":50},[44,66946,116],{"class":115},[44,66948,54081],{"class":119},[44,66950,123],{"class":115},[44,66952,2177],{"class":77},[44,66954,129],{"class":115},[44,66956,2573],{"class":77},[44,66958,135],{"class":115},[44,66960,66961,66963,66965,66967],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,66962,142],{"class":141},[44,66964,123],{"class":115},[44,66966,66858],{"class":119},[44,66968,135],{"class":115},[20,66970,155],{},[35,66972,66973],{"className":37,"code":53635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66974,66975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66976,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991,66993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66978,4027],{"class":115},[44,66980,3111],{"class":77},[44,66982,129],{"class":115},[44,66984,3116],{"class":77},[44,66986,129],{"class":115},[44,66988,2573],{"class":77},[44,66990,129],{"class":115},[44,66992,2579],{"class":77},[44,66994,3757],{"class":115},[1474,66996,66998],{"id":66997},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,67000,67001],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,67003,67005],{"className":37,"code":67004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,67006,67007,67027,67045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67008,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67010,66837],{"class":50},[44,67012,55],{"class":54},[44,67014,3744],{"class":115},[44,67016,3111],{"class":77},[44,67018,129],{"class":115},[44,67020,3116],{"class":77},[44,67022,129],{"class":115},[44,67024,2573],{"class":77},[44,67026,3757],{"class":115},[44,67028,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67030,66858],{"class":50},[44,67032,116],{"class":115},[44,67034,54081],{"class":119},[44,67036,123],{"class":115},[44,67038,2451],{"class":77},[44,67040,129],{"class":115},[44,67042,2579],{"class":77},[44,67044,135],{"class":115},[44,67046,67047,67049,67051,67053],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,67048,142],{"class":141},[44,67050,123],{"class":115},[44,67052,66858],{"class":119},[44,67054,135],{"class":115},[20,67056,155],{},[35,67058,67059],{"className":37,"code":53635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67060,67061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67062,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071,67073,67075,67077,67079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67064,4027],{"class":115},[44,67066,3111],{"class":77},[44,67068,129],{"class":115},[44,67070,3116],{"class":77},[44,67072,129],{"class":115},[44,67074,2573],{"class":77},[44,67076,129],{"class":115},[44,67078,2579],{"class":77},[44,67080,3757],{"class":115},[1474,67082,67084],{"id":67083},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67086,67087,67088,67090],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67089,54398],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,67092,67094],{"className":37,"code":67093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67095,67096,67128,67152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67097,67098,67100,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120,67122,67124,67126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67099,36227],{"class":50},[44,67101,55],{"class":54},[44,67103,3744],{"class":115},[44,67105,112],{"class":58},[44,67107,200],{"class":62},[44,67109,112],{"class":58},[44,67111,129],{"class":115},[44,67113,59],{"class":58},[44,67115,4891],{"class":62},[44,67117,112],{"class":58},[44,67119,129],{"class":115},[44,67121,59],{"class":58},[44,67123,18905],{"class":62},[44,67125,112],{"class":58},[44,67127,3757],{"class":115},[44,67129,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67131,36280],{"class":50},[44,67133,116],{"class":115},[44,67135,54081],{"class":119},[44,67137,123],{"class":115},[44,67139,2142],{"class":54},[44,67141,3111],{"class":77},[44,67143,129],{"class":115},[44,67145,59],{"class":58},[44,67147,9878],{"class":62},[44,67149,112],{"class":58},[44,67151,135],{"class":115},[44,67153,67154,67156,67158,67160],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,67155,142],{"class":141},[44,67157,123],{"class":115},[44,67159,36280],{"class":119},[44,67161,135],{"class":115},[20,67163,155],{},[35,67165,67167],{"className":37,"code":67166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67168,67169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67170,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179,67181,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67172,4027],{"class":115},[44,67174,1338],{"class":58},[44,67176,200],{"class":62},[44,67178,1338],{"class":58},[44,67180,129],{"class":115},[44,67182,1332],{"class":58},[44,67184,4891],{"class":62},[44,67186,1338],{"class":58},[44,67188,129],{"class":115},[44,67190,1332],{"class":58},[44,67192,9878],{"class":62},[44,67194,1338],{"class":58},[44,67196,129],{"class":115},[44,67198,1332],{"class":58},[44,67200,18905],{"class":62},[44,67202,1338],{"class":58},[44,67204,3757],{"class":115},[20,67206,67207,67208,2424],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[200,67209,67210],{"href":51109},"Python lists beginner guide",[30,67212,67214,10724,67216],{"id":67213},"insert-vs-append",[15,67215,54398],{},[15,67217,52782],{},[20,67219,67220],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1474,67222,189,67224,10740],{"id":67223},"use-insert-when",[15,67225,54398],{},[218,67227,67228,67231],{},[221,67229,67230],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[221,67232,67233],{},"The order of the list matters",[1474,67235,189,67237,10740],{"id":67236},"use-append-when",[15,67238,52782],{},[218,67240,67241,67244],{},[221,67242,67243],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[221,67245,67246],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67248,238],{},[35,67250,67252],{"className":37,"code":67251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67253,67254,67278,67282,67304,67314,67318,67336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67255,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67257,7917],{"class":50},[44,67259,55],{"class":54},[44,67261,3744],{"class":115},[44,67263,112],{"class":58},[44,67265,4207],{"class":62},[44,67267,112],{"class":58},[44,67269,129],{"class":115},[44,67271,59],{"class":58},[44,67273,33357],{"class":62},[44,67275,112],{"class":58},[44,67277,3757],{"class":115},[44,67279,67280],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67281,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,67283,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292,67294,67296,67298,67300,67302],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,67285,7948],{"class":50},[44,67287,116],{"class":115},[44,67289,54081],{"class":119},[44,67291,123],{"class":115},[44,67293,3111],{"class":77},[44,67295,129],{"class":115},[44,67297,59],{"class":58},[44,67299,4216],{"class":62},[44,67301,112],{"class":58},[44,67303,135],{"class":115},[44,67305,67306,67308,67310,67312],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,67307,142],{"class":141},[44,67309,123],{"class":115},[44,67311,7948],{"class":119},[44,67313,135],{"class":115},[44,67315,67316],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,67317,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,67319,67320,67322,67324,67326,67328,67330,67332,67334],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,67321,7948],{"class":50},[44,67323,116],{"class":115},[44,67325,13691],{"class":119},[44,67327,123],{"class":115},[44,67329,112],{"class":58},[44,67331,22668],{"class":62},[44,67333,112],{"class":58},[44,67335,135],{"class":115},[44,67337,67338,67340,67342,67344],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,67339,142],{"class":141},[44,67341,123],{"class":115},[44,67343,7948],{"class":119},[44,67345,135],{"class":115},[20,67347,155],{},[35,67349,67351],{"className":37,"code":67350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67352,67353,67381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67354,67355,67357,67359,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371,67373,67375,67377,67379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67356,4027],{"class":115},[44,67358,1338],{"class":58},[44,67360,4207],{"class":62},[44,67362,1338],{"class":58},[44,67364,129],{"class":115},[44,67366,1332],{"class":58},[44,67368,4216],{"class":62},[44,67370,1338],{"class":58},[44,67372,129],{"class":115},[44,67374,1332],{"class":58},[44,67376,33357],{"class":62},[44,67378,1338],{"class":58},[44,67380,3757],{"class":115},[44,67382,67383,67385,67387,67389,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67384,4027],{"class":115},[44,67386,1338],{"class":58},[44,67388,4207],{"class":62},[44,67390,1338],{"class":58},[44,67392,129],{"class":115},[44,67394,1332],{"class":58},[44,67396,4216],{"class":62},[44,67398,1338],{"class":58},[44,67400,129],{"class":115},[44,67402,1332],{"class":58},[44,67404,33357],{"class":62},[44,67406,1338],{"class":58},[44,67408,129],{"class":115},[44,67410,1332],{"class":58},[44,67412,22668],{"class":62},[44,67414,1338],{"class":58},[44,67416,3757],{"class":115},[20,67418,67419,67420,116],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[200,67421,55650,67422,10880],{"href":56899},[15,67423,52782],{},[20,67425,67426,67427,116],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[200,67428,53179],{"href":53178},[30,67430,4648],{"id":4647},[20,67432,14871,67433,116],{},[15,67434,54398],{},[1474,67436,12734,67438],{"id":67437},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67439,54398],{},[20,67441,25825],{},[35,67443,67445],{"className":37,"code":67444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67446,67447,67467,67489,67493,67503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67448,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461,67463,67465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67450,3739],{"class":50},[44,67452,55],{"class":54},[44,67454,3744],{"class":115},[44,67456,3111],{"class":77},[44,67458,129],{"class":115},[44,67460,3116],{"class":77},[44,67462,129],{"class":115},[44,67464,2573],{"class":77},[44,67466,3757],{"class":115},[44,67468,67469,67471,67473,67475,67477,67479,67481,67483,67485,67487],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67470,2351],{"class":50},[44,67472,55],{"class":54},[44,67474,4392],{"class":50},[44,67476,116],{"class":115},[44,67478,54081],{"class":119},[44,67480,123],{"class":115},[44,67482,3111],{"class":77},[44,67484,129],{"class":115},[44,67486,10335],{"class":77},[44,67488,135],{"class":115},[44,67490,67491],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,67492,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,67494,67495,67497,67499,67501],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,67496,142],{"class":141},[44,67498,123],{"class":115},[44,67500,2386],{"class":119},[44,67502,135],{"class":115},[44,67504,67505,67507,67509,67511],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,67506,142],{"class":141},[44,67508,123],{"class":115},[44,67510,3771],{"class":119},[44,67512,135],{"class":115},[20,67514,155],{},[35,67516,67518],{"className":37,"code":67517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67519,67520,67524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67521,67522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67523,11948],{"class":3978},[44,67525,67526,67528,67530,67532,67534,67536,67538,67540,67542],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67527,4027],{"class":115},[44,67529,3111],{"class":77},[44,67531,129],{"class":115},[44,67533,10335],{"class":77},[44,67535,129],{"class":115},[44,67537,3116],{"class":77},[44,67539,129],{"class":115},[44,67541,2573],{"class":77},[44,67543,3757],{"class":115},[20,67545,67546,54283,67548,116],{},[15,67547,54398],{},[15,67549,3904],{},[20,67551,16781],{},[35,67553,67555],{"className":37,"code":67554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67556,67557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67558,67559,67561,67563,67565,67567,67569,67571,67573,67575,67577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67560,56020],{"class":50},[44,67562,55],{"class":54},[44,67564,4392],{"class":50},[44,67566,116],{"class":115},[44,67568,54081],{"class":119},[44,67570,123],{"class":115},[44,67572,3111],{"class":77},[44,67574,129],{"class":115},[44,67576,10335],{"class":77},[44,67578,135],{"class":115},[20,67580,67581],{},"Right:",[35,67583,67585],{"className":37,"code":67584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67586,67587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67588,67589,67591,67593,67595,67597,67599,67601,67603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67590,3771],{"class":50},[44,67592,116],{"class":115},[44,67594,54081],{"class":119},[44,67596,123],{"class":115},[44,67598,3111],{"class":77},[44,67600,129],{"class":115},[44,67602,10335],{"class":77},[44,67604,135],{"class":115},[1474,67606,67608],{"id":67607},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67610,67611],{},"The correct order is:",[35,67613,67614],{"className":37,"code":66467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67615,67616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67617,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630,67632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67619,8477],{"class":50},[44,67621,116],{"class":115},[44,67623,54081],{"class":119},[44,67625,123],{"class":115},[44,67627,35982],{"class":119},[44,67629,129],{"class":115},[44,67631,29643],{"class":119},[44,67633,135],{"class":115},[20,67635,67636],{},"Not:",[35,67638,67640],{"className":37,"code":67639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67641,67642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67643,67644,67646,67648,67650,67652,67654,67656,67658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67645,8477],{"class":50},[44,67647,116],{"class":115},[44,67649,54081],{"class":119},[44,67651,123],{"class":115},[44,67653,23446],{"class":119},[44,67655,129],{"class":115},[44,67657,35957],{"class":119},[44,67659,135],{"class":115},[20,67661,238],{},[35,67663,67664],{"className":37,"code":66509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67665,67666,67690,67712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67667,67668,67670,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67669,36227],{"class":50},[44,67671,55],{"class":54},[44,67673,3744],{"class":115},[44,67675,112],{"class":58},[44,67677,200],{"class":62},[44,67679,112],{"class":58},[44,67681,129],{"class":115},[44,67683,59],{"class":58},[44,67685,9878],{"class":62},[44,67687,112],{"class":58},[44,67689,3757],{"class":115},[44,67691,67692,67694,67696,67698,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67693,36280],{"class":50},[44,67695,116],{"class":115},[44,67697,54081],{"class":119},[44,67699,123],{"class":115},[44,67701,3111],{"class":77},[44,67703,129],{"class":115},[44,67705,59],{"class":58},[44,67707,4891],{"class":62},[44,67709,112],{"class":58},[44,67711,135],{"class":115},[44,67713,67714,67716,67718,67720],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,67715,142],{"class":141},[44,67717,123],{"class":115},[44,67719,36280],{"class":119},[44,67721,135],{"class":115},[20,67723,155],{},[35,67725,67726],{"className":37,"code":43012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67727,67728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67729,67730,67732,67734,67736,67738,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67731,4027],{"class":115},[44,67733,1338],{"class":58},[44,67735,200],{"class":62},[44,67737,1338],{"class":58},[44,67739,129],{"class":115},[44,67741,1332],{"class":58},[44,67743,4891],{"class":62},[44,67745,1338],{"class":58},[44,67747,129],{"class":115},[44,67749,1332],{"class":58},[44,67751,9878],{"class":62},[44,67753,1338],{"class":58},[44,67755,3757],{"class":115},[1474,67757,1707,67759,67761],{"id":67758},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67760,54398],{}," to replace an item",[20,67763,67764,67766],{},[15,67765,54398],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,67768,67770],{"className":37,"code":67769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67771,67772,67792,67810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67773,67774,67776,67778,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67775,3739],{"class":50},[44,67777,55],{"class":54},[44,67779,3744],{"class":115},[44,67781,3111],{"class":77},[44,67783,129],{"class":115},[44,67785,3116],{"class":77},[44,67787,129],{"class":115},[44,67789,2573],{"class":77},[44,67791,3757],{"class":115},[44,67793,67794,67796,67798,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67795,3771],{"class":50},[44,67797,116],{"class":115},[44,67799,54081],{"class":119},[44,67801,123],{"class":115},[44,67803,3111],{"class":77},[44,67805,129],{"class":115},[44,67807,10335],{"class":77},[44,67809,135],{"class":115},[44,67811,67812,67814,67816,67818],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,67813,142],{"class":141},[44,67815,123],{"class":115},[44,67817,3771],{"class":119},[44,67819,135],{"class":115},[20,67821,155],{},[35,67823,67825],{"className":37,"code":67824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67826,67827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67828,67829,67831,67833,67835,67837,67839,67841,67843,67845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67830,4027],{"class":115},[44,67832,3111],{"class":77},[44,67834,129],{"class":115},[44,67836,10335],{"class":77},[44,67838,129],{"class":115},[44,67840,3116],{"class":77},[44,67842,129],{"class":115},[44,67844,2573],{"class":77},[44,67846,3757],{"class":115},[20,67848,67849],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,67851,67853],{"className":37,"code":67852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67854,67855,67875,67889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67856,67857,67859,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67858,3739],{"class":50},[44,67860,55],{"class":54},[44,67862,3744],{"class":115},[44,67864,3111],{"class":77},[44,67866,129],{"class":115},[44,67868,3116],{"class":77},[44,67870,129],{"class":115},[44,67872,2573],{"class":77},[44,67874,3757],{"class":115},[44,67876,67877,67879,67881,67883,67885,67887],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67878,3771],{"class":50},[44,67880,4027],{"class":115},[44,67882,3111],{"class":77},[44,67884,13411],{"class":115},[44,67886,13414],{"class":54},[44,67888,14268],{"class":77},[44,67890,67891,67893,67895,67897],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,67892,142],{"class":141},[44,67894,123],{"class":115},[44,67896,3771],{"class":119},[44,67898,135],{"class":115},[20,67900,155],{},[35,67902,67904],{"className":37,"code":67903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67905,67906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67907,67908,67910,67912,67914,67916,67918,67920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67909,4027],{"class":115},[44,67911,3111],{"class":77},[44,67913,129],{"class":115},[44,67915,10335],{"class":77},[44,67917,129],{"class":115},[44,67919,2573],{"class":77},[44,67921,3757],{"class":115},[1474,67923,67925],{"id":67924},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67927,67928,67930],{},[15,67929,54398],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67932,67933],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,67935,67937],{"className":37,"code":67936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67938,67939,67955,67979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67940,67941,67943,67945,67947,67949,67951,67953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67942,3739],{"class":50},[44,67944,55],{"class":54},[44,67946,3744],{"class":115},[44,67948,3111],{"class":77},[44,67950,129],{"class":115},[44,67952,2579],{"class":77},[44,67954,3757],{"class":115},[44,67956,67957,67959,67961,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,67958,3771],{"class":50},[44,67960,116],{"class":115},[44,67962,54081],{"class":119},[44,67964,123],{"class":115},[44,67966,3111],{"class":77},[44,67968,129],{"class":115},[44,67970,3744],{"class":115},[44,67972,2177],{"class":77},[44,67974,129],{"class":115},[44,67976,2573],{"class":77},[44,67978,4015],{"class":115},[44,67980,67981,67983,67985,67987],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,67982,142],{"class":141},[44,67984,123],{"class":115},[44,67986,3771],{"class":119},[44,67988,135],{"class":115},[20,67990,155],{},[35,67992,67994],{"className":37,"code":67993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67995,67996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67997,67998,68000,68002,68004,68006,68008,68010,68012,68014,68016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67999,4027],{"class":115},[44,68001,3111],{"class":77},[44,68003,129],{"class":115},[44,68005,3744],{"class":115},[44,68007,2177],{"class":77},[44,68009,129],{"class":115},[44,68011,2573],{"class":77},[44,68013,18199],{"class":115},[44,68015,2579],{"class":77},[44,68017,3757],{"class":115},[20,68019,68020,68021,116],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[200,68022,55650,68023,10880],{"href":53474},[15,68024,53576],{},[1474,68026,1868],{"id":1867},[20,68028,9015,68029,68031],{},[15,68030,54398],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,68033,68035],{"className":37,"code":68034,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,68036,68037,68047,68061,68079,68093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68038,68039,68041,68043,68045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68040,142],{"class":141},[44,68042,123],{"class":115},[44,68044,8477],{"class":119},[44,68046,135],{"class":115},[44,68048,68049,68051,68053,68055,68057,68059],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68050,142],{"class":141},[44,68052,123],{"class":115},[44,68054,11302],{"class":141},[44,68056,123],{"class":115},[44,68058,8477],{"class":119},[44,68060,567],{"class":115},[44,68062,68063,68065,68067,68069,68071,68073,68075,68077],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,68064,142],{"class":141},[44,68066,123],{"class":115},[44,68068,8477],{"class":119},[44,68070,116],{"class":115},[44,68072,54081],{"class":685},[44,68074,116],{"class":115},[44,68076,34583],{"class":34590},[44,68078,135],{"class":115},[44,68080,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,68082,1934],{"class":141},[44,68084,123],{"class":115},[44,68086,8231],{"class":1296},[44,68088,116],{"class":115},[44,68090,54081],{"class":685},[44,68092,135],{"class":115},[44,68094,68095,68097,68099,68101],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,68096,1297],{"class":1296},[44,68098,123],{"class":115},[44,68100,8477],{"class":119},[44,68102,135],{"class":115},[20,68104,68105],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[218,68107,68108,68111,68114,68117],{},[221,68109,68110],{},"What is currently in the list",[221,68112,68113],{},"How long the list is",[221,68115,68116],{},"That you are working with a real list",[221,68118,68119],{},"How Python describes the method",[30,68121,5092,68123],{"id":68122},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68124,54398],{},[20,68126,189,68127,68129],{},[15,68128,54398],{}," when position matters.",[20,68131,36563],{},[218,68133,68134,68137,68140,68143],{},[221,68135,68136],{},"Ordered menus",[221,68138,68139],{},"Rankings or score lists",[221,68141,68142],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[221,68144,68145],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68147,68148,68149,68151,68152,68154,68155,68157],{},"You usually do ",[153,68150,4761],{}," need ",[15,68153,54398],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68156,52782],{}," is simpler.",[20,68159,68160,68161,116],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[200,68162,57285],{"href":57284},[30,68164,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,68166,12844,68168,55599],{"id":68167},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68169,54041],{},[20,68171,68172,68173,116],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68174,3904],{},[1474,68176,68178],{"id":68177},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68180,68181],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1474,68183,5302,68185,68187],{"id":68184},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68186,54041],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68189,68190,68191,68193],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68192,53576],{}," or slicing.",[1474,68195,5312,68197,536,68199,1995],{"id":68196},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68198,54398],{},[15,68200,52782],{},[20,68202,68203,68205,68206,68208],{},[15,68204,54398],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68207,52782],{}," adds only at the end.",[30,68210,2019],{"id":2018},[218,68212,68213,68219,68225,68229,68233,68237],{},[221,68214,68215],{},[200,68216,55650,68217,10880],{"href":56899},[15,68218,52782],{},[221,68220,68221],{},[200,68222,55650,68223,10880],{"href":53474},[15,68224,53576],{},[221,68226,68227],{},[200,68228,54408],{"href":53178},[221,68230,68231],{},[200,68232,52901],{"href":51109},[221,68234,68235],{},[200,68236,57359],{"href":57284},[221,68238,68239],{},[200,68240,30484,68241,33770],{"href":54426},[15,68242,68243],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2048,68245,68246],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":68248},[68249,68251,68252,68253,68259,68266,68275,68277,68286],{"id":66436,"depth":69,"text":68250},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5564,"depth":69,"text":5565},{"id":5921,"depth":69,"text":5922},{"id":66808,"depth":69,"text":66809,"children":68254},[68255,68256,68257,68258],{"id":66820,"depth":81,"text":66821},{"id":66911,"depth":81,"text":66912},{"id":66997,"depth":81,"text":66998},{"id":67083,"depth":81,"text":67084},{"id":67213,"depth":69,"text":68260,"children":68261},"insert() vs append()",[68262,68264],{"id":67223,"depth":81,"text":68263},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67236,"depth":81,"text":68265},"Use append() when:",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":68267},[68268,68270,68271,68273,68274],{"id":67437,"depth":81,"text":68269},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67607,"depth":81,"text":67608},{"id":67758,"depth":81,"text":68272},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67924,"depth":81,"text":67925},{"id":1867,"depth":81,"text":1868},{"id":68122,"depth":69,"text":68276},"When to use insert()",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":68278},[68279,68281,68282,68284],{"id":68167,"depth":81,"text":68280},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68177,"depth":81,"text":68178},{"id":68184,"depth":81,"text":68283},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68196,"depth":81,"text":68285},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66346,"description":68287},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68294,"title":68295,"body":68296,"description":69851,"extension":2084,"meta":69852,"navigation":84,"path":59104,"seo":69853,"stem":69854,"__hash__":69855},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68297,"toc":69824},[68298,68304,68313,68362,68364,68372,68378,68380,68398,68404,68409,68412,68415,68430,68432,68484,68486,68494,68502,68509,68511,68517,68582,68584,68592,68594,68613,68616,68667,68671,68676,68703,68705,68713,68716,68785,68787,68802,68808,68812,68821,68824,68879,68881,68889,68892,68894,68939,68941,68949,68955,68957,68965,68968,68970,69009,69011,69050,69055,69057,69059,69094,69097,69099,69137,69141,69147,69149,69200,69202,69210,69217,69220,69241,69244,69299,69310,69312,69373,69375,69384,69391,69397,69400,69403,69460,69463,69476,69483,69489,69495,69497,69510,69513,69610,69612,69629,69632,69714,69716,69738,69745,69751,69753,69757,69763,69769,69774,69778,69781,69787,69794,69796,69821],[10,68299,68301,68302,3784],{"id":68300},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68303,11302],{},[20,68305,68306,68307,68309,68310,68312],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68308,42498],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68311,42498],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,68314,68316],{"className":37,"code":68315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68317,68318,68338,68352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68319,68320,68322,68324,68326,68328,68330,68332,68334,68336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68321,3739],{"class":50},[44,68323,55],{"class":54},[44,68325,3744],{"class":115},[44,68327,2451],{"class":77},[44,68329,129],{"class":115},[44,68331,7928],{"class":77},[44,68333,129],{"class":115},[44,68335,7933],{"class":77},[44,68337,3757],{"class":115},[44,68339,68340,68342,68344,68346,68348,68350],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68341,41379],{"class":50},[44,68343,55],{"class":54},[44,68345,38523],{"class":141},[44,68347,123],{"class":115},[44,68349,3771],{"class":119},[44,68351,135],{"class":115},[44,68353,68354,68356,68358,68360],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,68355,142],{"class":141},[44,68357,123],{"class":115},[44,68359,41397],{"class":119},[44,68361,135],{"class":115},[20,68363,155],{},[35,68365,68366],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68367,68368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68369,68370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68371,46748],{"class":77},[20,68373,189,68374,68377],{},[15,68375,68376],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[30,68379,15300],{"id":15299},[218,68381,68382,68387,68392,68395],{},[221,68383,4327,68384,68386],{},[15,68385,42498],{}," works with Python lists",[221,68388,68389,68390,11845],{},"What value ",[15,68391,42498],{},[221,68393,68394],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[221,68396,68397],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[30,68399,3802,68401,68403],{"id":68400},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68402,42498],{}," returns for a list",[20,68405,68406,65218],{},[15,68407,68408],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68410,68411],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68413,68414],{},"A few important points:",[218,68416,68417,68420,68425],{},[221,68418,68419],{},"It counts list items",[221,68421,41043,68422,68424],{},[153,68423,4761],{}," count characters inside a string item",[221,68426,68427,68428],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68429,2240],{},[20,68431,238],{},[35,68433,68435],{"className":37,"code":68434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68436,68437,68470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68438,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455,68458,68460,68462,68464,68466,68468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68440,4198],{"class":50},[44,68442,55],{"class":54},[44,68444,3744],{"class":115},[44,68446,112],{"class":58},[44,68448,417],{"class":62},[44,68450,112],{"class":58},[44,68452,129],{"class":115},[44,68454,59],{"class":58},[44,68456,68457],{"class":62},"elephant",[44,68459,112],{"class":58},[44,68461,129],{"class":115},[44,68463,59],{"class":58},[44,68465,58258],{"class":62},[44,68467,112],{"class":58},[44,68469,3757],{"class":115},[44,68471,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68473,142],{"class":141},[44,68475,123],{"class":115},[44,68477,11302],{"class":141},[44,68479,123],{"class":115},[44,68481,4242],{"class":119},[44,68483,567],{"class":115},[20,68485,155],{},[35,68487,68488],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68489,68490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68491,68492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68493,46748],{"class":77},[20,68495,21115,68496,68499,68500,65225],{},[15,68497,68498],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[153,68501,52786],{},[20,68503,68504,68505,116],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[200,68506,1013,68507,1017],{"href":42495},[15,68508,42498],{},[30,68510,5922],{"id":5921},[20,68512,68513,68514,68516],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68515,42498],{},", and print the result.",[35,68518,68520],{"className":37,"code":68519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68521,68522,68554,68568,68572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68523,68524,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546,68548,68550,68552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68525,13213],{"class":50},[44,68527,55],{"class":54},[44,68529,3744],{"class":115},[44,68531,112],{"class":58},[44,68533,13230],{"class":62},[44,68535,112],{"class":58},[44,68537,129],{"class":115},[44,68539,59],{"class":58},[44,68541,17592],{"class":62},[44,68543,112],{"class":58},[44,68545,129],{"class":115},[44,68547,59],{"class":58},[44,68549,13247],{"class":62},[44,68551,112],{"class":58},[44,68553,3757],{"class":115},[44,68555,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68557,41379],{"class":50},[44,68559,55],{"class":54},[44,68561,38523],{"class":141},[44,68563,123],{"class":115},[44,68565,17639],{"class":119},[44,68567,135],{"class":115},[44,68569,68570],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,68571,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,68573,68574,68576,68578,68580],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,68575,142],{"class":141},[44,68577,123],{"class":115},[44,68579,41397],{"class":119},[44,68581,135],{"class":115},[20,68583,155],{},[35,68585,68586],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68587,68588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68589,68590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68591,46748],{"class":77},[20,68593,11823],{},[218,68595,68596,68601,68608],{},[221,68597,68598,68600],{},[15,68599,17639],{}," is a list with 3 items",[221,68602,68603,2518,68606],{},[15,68604,68605],{},"len(colors)",[15,68607,2183],{},[221,68609,68610,68611],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68612,41397],{},[20,68614,68615],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,68617,68619],{"className":37,"code":68618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68620,68621,68653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68622,68623,68625,68627,68629,68631,68633,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645,68647,68649,68651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68624,13213],{"class":50},[44,68626,55],{"class":54},[44,68628,3744],{"class":115},[44,68630,112],{"class":58},[44,68632,13230],{"class":62},[44,68634,112],{"class":58},[44,68636,129],{"class":115},[44,68638,59],{"class":58},[44,68640,17592],{"class":62},[44,68642,112],{"class":58},[44,68644,129],{"class":115},[44,68646,59],{"class":58},[44,68648,13247],{"class":62},[44,68650,112],{"class":58},[44,68652,3757],{"class":115},[44,68654,68655,68657,68659,68661,68663,68665],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68656,142],{"class":141},[44,68658,123],{"class":115},[44,68660,11302],{"class":141},[44,68662,123],{"class":115},[44,68664,17639],{"class":119},[44,68666,567],{"class":115},[30,68668,68670],{"id":68669},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68672,68673,68674,116],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68675,2240],{},[35,68677,68679],{"className":37,"code":68678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68680,68681,68689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68682,68683,68685,68687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68684,7917],{"class":50},[44,68686,55],{"class":54},[44,68688,7977],{"class":115},[44,68690,68691,68693,68695,68697,68699,68701],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68692,142],{"class":141},[44,68694,123],{"class":115},[44,68696,11302],{"class":141},[44,68698,123],{"class":115},[44,68700,7948],{"class":119},[44,68702,567],{"class":115},[20,68704,155],{},[35,68706,68707],{"className":37,"code":47383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68708,68709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68710,68711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68712,47383],{"class":77},[20,68714,68715],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,68717,68719],{"className":37,"code":68718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68720,68721,68729,68733,68751,68765,68771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68722,68723,68725,68727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68724,7917],{"class":50},[44,68726,55],{"class":54},[44,68728,7977],{"class":115},[44,68730,68731],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68732,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,68734,68735,68737,68739,68741,68743,68745,68747,68749],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,68736,7135],{"class":4003},[44,68738,38523],{"class":141},[44,68740,123],{"class":115},[44,68742,7948],{"class":119},[44,68744,3784],{"class":115},[44,68746,38533],{"class":54},[44,68748,3959],{"class":77},[44,68750,6530],{"class":115},[44,68752,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,68754,8206],{"class":141},[44,68756,123],{"class":115},[44,68758,7948],{"class":119},[44,68760,4027],{"class":115},[44,68762,2240],{"class":77},[44,68764,4015],{"class":115},[44,68766,68767,68769],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,68768,27569],{"class":4003},[44,68770,6530],{"class":115},[44,68772,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,68774,8206],{"class":141},[44,68776,123],{"class":115},[44,68778,112],{"class":58},[44,68780,51946],{"class":62},[44,68782,112],{"class":58},[44,68784,135],{"class":115},[20,68786,155],{},[35,68788,68790],{"className":37,"code":68789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,68791,68792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68793,68794,68796,68798,68800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68795,213],{"class":50},[44,68797,8231],{"class":1296},[44,68799,8234],{"class":54},[44,68801,8240],{"class":50},[20,68803,68804,68805,68807],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[200,68806,52901],{"href":51109}," is a good next step.",[30,68809,68811],{"id":68810},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68813,68814,68816,68817,68820],{},[15,68815,42498],{}," counts only the ",[153,68818,68819],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68822,68823],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,68825,68827],{"className":37,"code":68826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68828,68829,68865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68830,68831,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68832,9306],{"class":50},[44,68834,55],{"class":54},[44,68836,56424],{"class":115},[44,68838,3111],{"class":77},[44,68840,129],{"class":115},[44,68842,3116],{"class":77},[44,68844,18199],{"class":115},[44,68846,3744],{"class":115},[44,68848,2183],{"class":77},[44,68850,129],{"class":115},[44,68852,2579],{"class":77},[44,68854,18199],{"class":115},[44,68856,3744],{"class":115},[44,68858,2257],{"class":77},[44,68860,129],{"class":115},[44,68862,37780],{"class":77},[44,68864,53372],{"class":115},[44,68866,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68868,142],{"class":141},[44,68870,123],{"class":115},[44,68872,11302],{"class":141},[44,68874,123],{"class":115},[44,68876,9343],{"class":119},[44,68878,567],{"class":115},[20,68880,155],{},[35,68882,68883],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68884,68885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68886,68887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68888,46748],{"class":77},[20,68890,68891],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68893,1127],{},[35,68895,68897],{"className":37,"code":68896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68898,68899,68925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68900,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913,68915,68917,68919,68921,68923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68902,59604],{"class":50},[44,68904,55],{"class":54},[44,68906,3744],{"class":115},[44,68908,3111],{"class":77},[44,68910,129],{"class":115},[44,68912,3744],{"class":115},[44,68914,2177],{"class":77},[44,68916,129],{"class":115},[44,68918,2573],{"class":77},[44,68920,18199],{"class":115},[44,68922,2579],{"class":77},[44,68924,3757],{"class":115},[44,68926,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68928,142],{"class":141},[44,68930,123],{"class":115},[44,68932,11302],{"class":141},[44,68934,123],{"class":115},[44,68936,59657],{"class":119},[44,68938,567],{"class":115},[20,68940,155],{},[35,68942,68943],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68944,68945],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68946,68947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68948,46748],{"class":77},[20,68950,21115,68951,68954],{},[15,68952,68953],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[30,68956,4648],{"id":4647},[1474,68958,8556,68960,11232,68963],{"id":68959},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68961,68962],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68964,68408],{},[20,68966,68967],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68969,16781],{},[35,68971,68973],{"className":37,"code":68972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68974,68975,68995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68976,68977,68979,68981,68983,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68978,3739],{"class":50},[44,68980,55],{"class":54},[44,68982,3744],{"class":115},[44,68984,2451],{"class":77},[44,68986,129],{"class":115},[44,68988,7928],{"class":77},[44,68990,129],{"class":115},[44,68992,7933],{"class":77},[44,68994,3757],{"class":115},[44,68996,68997,68999,69001,69003,69005,69007],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,68998,142],{"class":141},[44,69000,123],{"class":115},[44,69002,3771],{"class":119},[44,69004,116],{"class":115},[44,69006,11302],{"class":119},[44,69008,7332],{"class":115},[20,69010,16793],{},[35,69012,69014],{"className":37,"code":69013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,69015,69016,69036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69017,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69019,3739],{"class":50},[44,69021,55],{"class":54},[44,69023,3744],{"class":115},[44,69025,2451],{"class":77},[44,69027,129],{"class":115},[44,69029,7928],{"class":77},[44,69031,129],{"class":115},[44,69033,7933],{"class":77},[44,69035,3757],{"class":115},[44,69037,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69039,142],{"class":141},[44,69041,123],{"class":115},[44,69043,11302],{"class":141},[44,69045,123],{"class":115},[44,69047,3771],{"class":119},[44,69049,567],{"class":115},[20,69051,69052,69054],{},[15,69053,42498],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1474,69056,25822],{"id":25821},[20,69058,16781],{},[35,69060,69062],{"className":37,"code":69061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69063,69064,69084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69065,69066,69068,69070,69072,69074,69076,69078,69080,69082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69067,3739],{"class":50},[44,69069,55],{"class":54},[44,69071,3744],{"class":115},[44,69073,2451],{"class":77},[44,69075,129],{"class":115},[44,69077,7928],{"class":77},[44,69079,129],{"class":115},[44,69081,7933],{"class":77},[44,69083,3757],{"class":115},[44,69085,69086,69088,69090,69092],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69087,142],{"class":141},[44,69089,123],{"class":115},[44,69091,11302],{"class":141},[44,69093,135],{"class":115},[20,69095,69096],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69098,16793],{},[35,69100,69101],{"className":37,"code":69013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69102,69103,69123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69104,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119,69121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69106,3739],{"class":50},[44,69108,55],{"class":54},[44,69110,3744],{"class":115},[44,69112,2451],{"class":77},[44,69114,129],{"class":115},[44,69116,7928],{"class":77},[44,69118,129],{"class":115},[44,69120,7933],{"class":77},[44,69122,3757],{"class":115},[44,69124,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69126,142],{"class":141},[44,69128,123],{"class":115},[44,69130,11302],{"class":141},[44,69132,123],{"class":115},[44,69134,3771],{"class":119},[44,69136,567],{"class":115},[1474,69138,69140],{"id":69139},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69142,69143,69144,69146],{},"The length of a list is ",[153,69145,4761],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69148,238],{},[35,69150,69152],{"className":37,"code":69151,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69153,69154,69186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69155,69156,69158,69160,69162,69164,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178,69180,69182,69184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69157,36227],{"class":50},[44,69159,55],{"class":54},[44,69161,3744],{"class":115},[44,69163,112],{"class":58},[44,69165,200],{"class":62},[44,69167,112],{"class":58},[44,69169,129],{"class":115},[44,69171,59],{"class":58},[44,69173,4891],{"class":62},[44,69175,112],{"class":58},[44,69177,129],{"class":115},[44,69179,59],{"class":58},[44,69181,9878],{"class":62},[44,69183,112],{"class":58},[44,69185,3757],{"class":115},[44,69187,69188,69190,69192,69194,69196,69198],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69189,142],{"class":141},[44,69191,123],{"class":115},[44,69193,11302],{"class":141},[44,69195,123],{"class":115},[44,69197,36280],{"class":119},[44,69199,567],{"class":115},[20,69201,155],{},[35,69203,69204],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69205,69206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69207,69208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69209,46748],{"class":77},[20,69211,69212,69213,19101,69215,116],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69214,2177],{},[15,69216,2183],{},[20,69218,69219],{},"Indexes are:",[218,69221,69222,69229,69235],{},[221,69223,69224,69226,69227],{},[15,69225,2240],{}," for ",[15,69228,18233],{},[221,69230,69231,69226,69233],{},[15,69232,3111],{},[15,69234,65728],{},[221,69236,69237,69226,69239],{},[15,69238,2177],{},[15,69240,66614],{},[20,69242,69243],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,69245,69247],{"className":37,"code":69246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69248,69249,69281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69250,69251,69253,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69252,36227],{"class":50},[44,69254,55],{"class":54},[44,69256,3744],{"class":115},[44,69258,112],{"class":58},[44,69260,200],{"class":62},[44,69262,112],{"class":58},[44,69264,129],{"class":115},[44,69266,59],{"class":58},[44,69268,4891],{"class":62},[44,69270,112],{"class":58},[44,69272,129],{"class":115},[44,69274,59],{"class":58},[44,69276,9878],{"class":62},[44,69278,112],{"class":58},[44,69280,3757],{"class":115},[44,69282,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291,69293,69295,69297],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69284,142],{"class":141},[44,69286,123],{"class":115},[44,69288,36280],{"class":119},[44,69290,4027],{"class":115},[44,69292,11302],{"class":141},[44,69294,123],{"class":115},[44,69296,36280],{"class":119},[44,69298,10818],{"class":115},[20,69300,8634,69301,4914,69304,69306,69307,69309],{},[15,69302,69303],{},"len(letters)",[15,69305,2183],{},", and index ",[15,69308,2183],{}," does not exist.",[20,69311,18978],{},[35,69313,69315],{"className":37,"code":69314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69316,69317,69349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69318,69319,69321,69323,69325,69327,69329,69331,69333,69335,69337,69339,69341,69343,69345,69347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69320,36227],{"class":50},[44,69322,55],{"class":54},[44,69324,3744],{"class":115},[44,69326,112],{"class":58},[44,69328,200],{"class":62},[44,69330,112],{"class":58},[44,69332,129],{"class":115},[44,69334,59],{"class":58},[44,69336,4891],{"class":62},[44,69338,112],{"class":58},[44,69340,129],{"class":115},[44,69342,59],{"class":58},[44,69344,9878],{"class":62},[44,69346,112],{"class":58},[44,69348,3757],{"class":115},[44,69350,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359,69361,69363,69365,69367,69369,69371],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69352,142],{"class":141},[44,69354,123],{"class":115},[44,69356,36280],{"class":119},[44,69358,4027],{"class":115},[44,69360,11302],{"class":141},[44,69362,123],{"class":115},[44,69364,36280],{"class":119},[44,69366,3784],{"class":115},[44,69368,2343],{"class":54},[44,69370,5632],{"class":77},[44,69372,4015],{"class":115},[20,69374,155],{},[35,69376,69378],{"className":37,"code":69377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,69379,69380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69381,69382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69383,69377],{"class":50},[20,69385,69386,69387,116],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[200,69388,69390],{"href":69389},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1474,69392,8556,69394,69396],{"id":69393},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69395,42498],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69398,69399],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69401,69402],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,69404,69406],{"className":37,"code":69405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69407,69408,69418,69432,69446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69409,69410,69412,69414,69416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69411,142],{"class":141},[44,69413,123],{"class":115},[44,69415,8477],{"class":119},[44,69417,135],{"class":115},[44,69419,69420,69422,69424,69426,69428,69430],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69421,142],{"class":141},[44,69423,123],{"class":115},[44,69425,11302],{"class":141},[44,69427,123],{"class":115},[44,69429,8477],{"class":119},[44,69431,567],{"class":115},[44,69433,69434,69436,69438,69440,69442,69444],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,69435,142],{"class":141},[44,69437,123],{"class":115},[44,69439,1297],{"class":1296},[44,69441,123],{"class":115},[44,69443,8477],{"class":119},[44,69445,567],{"class":115},[44,69447,69448,69450,69452,69454,69456,69458],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,69449,142],{"class":141},[44,69451,123],{"class":115},[44,69453,8477],{"class":119},[44,69455,4027],{"class":115},[44,69457,2240],{"class":77},[44,69459,4015],{"class":115},[20,69461,69462],{},"These help you verify:",[218,69464,69465,69468,69470,69473],{},[221,69466,69467],{},"what the variable contains",[221,69469,60916],{},[221,69471,69472],{},"whether it is really a list",[221,69474,69475],{},"what the first item is",[20,69477,69478,69479,69482],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69480,69481],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[30,69484,5092,69486,69488],{"id":69485},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69487,42498],{}," with lists",[20,69490,69491,69492,69494],{},"You will often use ",[15,69493,42498],{}," in real programs.",[20,69496,9512],{},[218,69498,69499,69501,69504,69507],{},[221,69500,51900],{},[221,69502,69503],{},"Control loops",[221,69505,69506],{},"Validate input or results",[221,69508,69509],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69511,69512],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,69514,69516],{"className":37,"code":69515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69517,69518,69538,69554,69558,69572,69586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69519,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534,69536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69521,2676],{"class":50},[44,69523,55],{"class":54},[44,69525,3744],{"class":115},[44,69527,3111],{"class":77},[44,69529,129],{"class":115},[44,69531,3116],{"class":77},[44,69533,129],{"class":115},[44,69535,2573],{"class":77},[44,69537,3757],{"class":115},[44,69539,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69541,2704],{"class":50},[44,69543,55],{"class":54},[44,69545,3744],{"class":115},[44,69547,2451],{"class":77},[44,69549,129],{"class":115},[44,69551,7928],{"class":77},[44,69553,3757],{"class":115},[44,69555,69556],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,69557,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,69559,69560,69562,69564,69566,69568,69570],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,69561,142],{"class":141},[44,69563,123],{"class":115},[44,69565,11302],{"class":141},[44,69567,123],{"class":115},[44,69569,200],{"class":119},[44,69571,567],{"class":115},[44,69573,69574,69576,69578,69580,69582,69584],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,69575,142],{"class":141},[44,69577,123],{"class":115},[44,69579,11302],{"class":141},[44,69581,123],{"class":115},[44,69583,4891],{"class":119},[44,69585,567],{"class":115},[44,69587,69588,69590,69592,69594,69596,69598,69600,69602,69604,69606,69608],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,69589,142],{"class":141},[44,69591,123],{"class":115},[44,69593,11302],{"class":141},[44,69595,123],{"class":115},[44,69597,200],{"class":119},[44,69599,3784],{"class":115},[44,69601,38533],{"class":54},[44,69603,38523],{"class":141},[44,69605,123],{"class":115},[44,69607,4891],{"class":119},[44,69609,567],{"class":115},[20,69611,155],{},[35,69613,69615],{"className":37,"code":69614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69616,69617,69621,69625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69618,69619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69620,46748],{"class":77},[44,69622,69623],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69624,17194],{"class":77},[44,69626,69627],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,69628,4107],{"class":3978},[20,69630,69631],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,69633,69635],{"className":37,"code":69634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69636,69637,69669,69673,69695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69638,69639,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69640,5126],{"class":50},[44,69642,55],{"class":54},[44,69644,3744],{"class":115},[44,69646,112],{"class":58},[44,69648,833],{"class":62},[44,69650,112],{"class":58},[44,69652,129],{"class":115},[44,69654,59],{"class":58},[44,69656,36077],{"class":62},[44,69658,112],{"class":58},[44,69660,129],{"class":115},[44,69662,59],{"class":58},[44,69664,36086],{"class":62},[44,69666,112],{"class":58},[44,69668,3757],{"class":115},[44,69670,69671],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69672,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,69674,69675,69677,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,69676,6093],{"class":4003},[44,69678,69679],{"class":50}," i ",[44,69681,887],{"class":4003},[44,69683,54200],{"class":141},[44,69685,123],{"class":115},[44,69687,11302],{"class":141},[44,69689,123],{"class":115},[44,69691,5170],{"class":119},[44,69693,69694],{"class":115},")):\n",[44,69696,69697,69699,69701,69703,69705,69708,69710,69712],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,69698,8206],{"class":141},[44,69700,123],{"class":115},[44,69702,36291],{"class":119},[44,69704,129],{"class":115},[44,69706,69707],{"class":119}," names",[44,69709,4027],{"class":115},[44,69711,36291],{"class":119},[44,69713,4015],{"class":115},[20,69715,155],{},[35,69717,69718],{"className":37,"code":36135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69719,69720,69726,69732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69721,69722,69724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69723,2240],{"class":77},[44,69725,36144],{"class":50},[44,69727,69728,69730],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69729,3111],{"class":77},[44,69731,36151],{"class":50},[44,69733,69734,69736],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,69735,2177],{"class":77},[44,69737,36158],{"class":50},[20,69739,69740,69741,116],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[200,69742,69744],{"href":69743},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69746,69747,69748,69750],{},"You can also read ",[200,69749,51677],{"href":51676}," for a task-focused guide.",[30,69752,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,69754,69756],{"id":69755},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69758,189,69759,69762],{},[15,69760,69761],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1474,69764,5274,69766,1975],{"id":69765},"what-does-len-return",[15,69767,69768],{},"len([])",[20,69770,5280,69771,69773],{},[15,69772,2240],{}," because the list is empty.",[1474,69775,69777],{"id":69776},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69779,69780],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1474,69782,28464,69784,69786],{"id":69783},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69785,68962],{}," in Python?",[20,69788,30407,69789,8360,69791,69793],{},[15,69790,68408],{},[15,69792,42498],{}," is a built-in function.",[30,69795,2019],{"id":2018},[218,69797,69798,69804,69808,69812,69816],{},[221,69799,69800],{},[200,69801,1013,69802,1017],{"href":42495},[15,69803,42498],{},[221,69805,69806],{},[200,69807,52720],{"href":51676},[221,69809,69810],{},[200,69811,52901],{"href":51109},[221,69813,69814],{},[200,69815,69390],{"href":69389},[221,69817,69818],{},[200,69819,69820],{"href":69743},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2048,69822,69823],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":69825},[69826,69827,69829,69830,69831,69832,69840,69842,69850],{"id":15299,"depth":69,"text":15300},{"id":68400,"depth":69,"text":69828},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5921,"depth":69,"text":5922},{"id":68669,"depth":69,"text":68670},{"id":68810,"depth":69,"text":68811},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":69833},[69834,69836,69837,69838],{"id":68959,"depth":81,"text":69835},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25821,"depth":81,"text":25822},{"id":69139,"depth":81,"text":69140},{"id":69393,"depth":81,"text":69839},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69485,"depth":69,"text":69841},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":69843},[69844,69845,69847,69848],{"id":69755,"depth":81,"text":69756},{"id":69765,"depth":81,"text":69846},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69776,"depth":81,"text":69777},{"id":69783,"depth":81,"text":69849},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68295,"description":69851},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69857,"title":69858,"body":69859,"description":71841,"extension":2084,"meta":71842,"navigation":84,"path":71843,"seo":71844,"stem":71845,"__hash__":71846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69860,"toc":71814},[69861,69864,69869,69872,69880,69893,69895,69960,69962,69984,69989,69993,69998,70006,70008,70018,70020,70101,70103,70133,70135,70154,70159,70176,70178,70262,70264,70294,70299,70303,70309,70393,70395,70425,70428,70432,70435,70526,70528,70566,70569,70654,70656,70686,70692,70699,70703,70708,70717,70719,70804,70806,70835,70838,70846,70850,70854,70863,70886,70888,70910,70912,70926,70928,70988,70992,70997,71036,71038,71055,71057,71067,71166,71171,71175,71180,71223,71225,71253,71255,71269,71344,71346,71368,71372,71375,71380,71391,71396,71404,71407,71478,71480,71505,71562,71564,71585,71594,71602,71607,71609,71614,71635,71638,71713,71716,71730,71737,71739,71743,71749,71753,71763,71767,71774,71778,71784,71786,71811],[10,69862,69858],{"id":69863},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69865,69866,69868],{},[15,69867,55212],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69870,69871],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[218,69873,69874,69877],{},[221,69875,69876],{},"delete an item from a list",[221,69878,69879],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69881,69882,69883,69885,69886,8844,69888,69892],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69884,12902],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69887,12902],{},[200,69889,69890],{"href":55202},[15,69891,55659],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[30,69894,33],{"id":32},[35,69896,69898],{"className":37,"code":69897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69899,69900,69920,69935,69939,69950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69901,69902,69904,69906,69908,69910,69912,69914,69916,69918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69903,3739],{"class":50},[44,69905,55],{"class":54},[44,69907,3744],{"class":115},[44,69909,2451],{"class":77},[44,69911,129],{"class":115},[44,69913,7928],{"class":77},[44,69915,129],{"class":115},[44,69917,7933],{"class":77},[44,69919,3757],{"class":115},[44,69921,69922,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69923,69924],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,69926,55],{"class":54},[44,69928,4392],{"class":50},[44,69930,116],{"class":115},[44,69932,26376],{"class":119},[44,69934,8782],{"class":115},[44,69936,69937],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,69938,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,69940,69941,69943,69945,69948],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,69942,142],{"class":141},[44,69944,123],{"class":115},[44,69946,69947],{"class":119},"last_item",[44,69949,135],{"class":115},[44,69951,69952,69954,69956,69958],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,69953,142],{"class":141},[44,69955,123],{"class":115},[44,69957,3771],{"class":119},[44,69959,135],{"class":115},[20,69961,155],{},[35,69963,69965],{"className":37,"code":69964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69966,69967,69972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69968,69969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69970,69971],{"class":77},"30\n",[44,69973,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,69975,4027],{"class":115},[44,69977,2451],{"class":77},[44,69979,129],{"class":115},[44,69981,7928],{"class":77},[44,69983,3757],{"class":115},[20,69985,189,69986,69988],{},[15,69987,12902],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[30,69990,69992],{"id":69991},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69994,69995,69997],{},[15,69996,12902],{}," has two main jobs:",[218,69999,70000,70003],{},[221,70001,70002],{},"It removes one item from a list",[221,70004,70005],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,70007,43784],{},[218,70009,70010,70013,70016],{},[221,70011,70012],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[221,70014,70015],{},"It changes the original list",[221,70017,52875],{},[20,70019,238],{},[35,70021,70023],{"className":37,"code":70022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,70024,70025,70057,70061,70076,70080,70091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70026,70027,70029,70031,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70028,13213],{"class":50},[44,70030,55],{"class":54},[44,70032,3744],{"class":115},[44,70034,112],{"class":58},[44,70036,13230],{"class":62},[44,70038,112],{"class":58},[44,70040,129],{"class":115},[44,70042,59],{"class":58},[44,70044,17592],{"class":62},[44,70046,112],{"class":58},[44,70048,129],{"class":115},[44,70050,59],{"class":58},[44,70052,13247],{"class":62},[44,70054,112],{"class":58},[44,70056,3757],{"class":115},[44,70058,70059],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70060,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70062,70063,70066,70068,70070,70072,70074],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,70064,70065],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,70067,55],{"class":54},[44,70069,13261],{"class":50},[44,70071,116],{"class":115},[44,70073,26376],{"class":119},[44,70075,8782],{"class":115},[44,70077,70078],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,70079,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70081,70082,70084,70086,70089],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,70083,142],{"class":141},[44,70085,123],{"class":115},[44,70087,70088],{"class":119},"removed",[44,70090,135],{"class":115},[44,70092,70093,70095,70097,70099],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,70094,142],{"class":141},[44,70096,123],{"class":115},[44,70098,17639],{"class":119},[44,70100,135],{"class":115},[20,70102,155],{},[35,70104,70106],{"className":37,"code":70105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70107,70108,70113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70109,70110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70111,70112],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,70114,70115,70117,70119,70121,70123,70125,70127,70129,70131],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70116,4027],{"class":115},[44,70118,1338],{"class":58},[44,70120,13230],{"class":62},[44,70122,1338],{"class":58},[44,70124,129],{"class":115},[44,70126,1332],{"class":58},[44,70128,17592],{"class":62},[44,70130,1338],{"class":58},[44,70132,3757],{"class":115},[30,70134,351],{"id":350},[35,70136,70138],{"className":37,"code":70137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70139,70140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70141,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70143,8231],{"class":1296},[44,70145,116],{"class":115},[44,70147,26376],{"class":119},[44,70149,3108],{"class":115},[44,70151,35982],{"class":119},[44,70153,4015],{"class":115},[20,70155,213,70156,70158],{},[15,70157,35982],{}," is optional.",[218,70160,70161,70167,70173],{},[221,70162,70163,70164,70166],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70165,12902],{}," removes the last item",[221,70168,70169,70170,70172],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70171,12902],{}," removes the item at that position",[221,70174,70175],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70177,238],{},[35,70179,70181],{"className":37,"code":70180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70182,70183,70215,70219,70238,70242,70252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70184,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70186,36227],{"class":50},[44,70188,55],{"class":54},[44,70190,3744],{"class":115},[44,70192,112],{"class":58},[44,70194,200],{"class":62},[44,70196,112],{"class":58},[44,70198,129],{"class":115},[44,70200,59],{"class":58},[44,70202,4891],{"class":62},[44,70204,112],{"class":58},[44,70206,129],{"class":115},[44,70208,59],{"class":58},[44,70210,9878],{"class":62},[44,70212,112],{"class":58},[44,70214,3757],{"class":115},[44,70216,70217],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70218,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70220,70221,70223,70225,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,70222,28674],{"class":50},[44,70224,55],{"class":54},[44,70226,70227],{"class":50}," letters",[44,70229,116],{"class":115},[44,70231,26376],{"class":119},[44,70233,123],{"class":115},[44,70235,3111],{"class":77},[44,70237,135],{"class":115},[44,70239,70240],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,70241,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70243,70244,70246,70248,70250],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,70245,142],{"class":141},[44,70247,123],{"class":115},[44,70249,23446],{"class":119},[44,70251,135],{"class":115},[44,70253,70254,70256,70258,70260],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,70255,142],{"class":141},[44,70257,123],{"class":115},[44,70259,36280],{"class":119},[44,70261,135],{"class":115},[20,70263,155],{},[35,70265,70267],{"className":37,"code":70266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70268,70269,70274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70270,70271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70272,70273],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,70275,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70277,4027],{"class":115},[44,70279,1338],{"class":58},[44,70281,200],{"class":62},[44,70283,1338],{"class":58},[44,70285,129],{"class":115},[44,70287,1332],{"class":58},[44,70289,9878],{"class":62},[44,70291,1338],{"class":58},[44,70293,3757],{"class":115},[20,70295,70296,70297,116],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[200,70298,52901],{"href":51109},[30,70300,70302],{"id":70301},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70304,70305,70306,70308],{},"When you call ",[15,70307,12902],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,70310,70312],{"className":37,"code":70311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70313,70314,70349,70353,70368,70372,70383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70315,70316,70318,70320,70322,70324,70327,70329,70331,70333,70336,70338,70340,70342,70345,70347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70317,30034],{"class":50},[44,70319,55],{"class":54},[44,70321,3744],{"class":115},[44,70323,112],{"class":58},[44,70325,70326],{"class":62},"write",[44,70328,112],{"class":58},[44,70330,129],{"class":115},[44,70332,59],{"class":58},[44,70334,70335],{"class":62},"test",[44,70337,112],{"class":58},[44,70339,129],{"class":115},[44,70341,59],{"class":58},[44,70343,70344],{"class":62},"submit",[44,70346,112],{"class":58},[44,70348,3757],{"class":115},[44,70350,70351],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70352,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70354,70355,70358,70360,70362,70364,70366],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,70356,70357],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,70359,55],{"class":54},[44,70361,30112],{"class":50},[44,70363,116],{"class":115},[44,70365,26376],{"class":119},[44,70367,8782],{"class":115},[44,70369,70370],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,70371,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70373,70374,70376,70378,70381],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,70375,142],{"class":141},[44,70377,123],{"class":115},[44,70379,70380],{"class":119},"last_task",[44,70382,135],{"class":115},[44,70384,70385,70387,70389,70391],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,70386,142],{"class":141},[44,70388,123],{"class":115},[44,70390,36643],{"class":119},[44,70392,135],{"class":115},[20,70394,155],{},[35,70396,70398],{"className":37,"code":70397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70399,70400,70405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70401,70402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70403,70404],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,70406,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70408,4027],{"class":115},[44,70410,1338],{"class":58},[44,70412,70326],{"class":62},[44,70414,1338],{"class":58},[44,70416,129],{"class":115},[44,70418,1332],{"class":58},[44,70420,70335],{"class":62},[44,70422,1338],{"class":58},[44,70424,3757],{"class":115},[20,70426,70427],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[30,70429,70431],{"id":70430},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70433,70434],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,70436,70438],{"className":37,"code":70437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70439,70440,70480,70484,70502,70506,70516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70441,70442,70444,70446,70448,70450,70452,70454,70456,70458,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70443,36376],{"class":50},[44,70445,55],{"class":54},[44,70447,3744],{"class":115},[44,70449,112],{"class":58},[44,70451,4207],{"class":62},[44,70453,112],{"class":58},[44,70455,129],{"class":115},[44,70457,59],{"class":58},[44,70459,4216],{"class":62},[44,70461,112],{"class":58},[44,70463,129],{"class":115},[44,70465,59],{"class":58},[44,70467,4225],{"class":62},[44,70469,112],{"class":58},[44,70471,129],{"class":115},[44,70473,59],{"class":58},[44,70475,33357],{"class":62},[44,70477,112],{"class":58},[44,70479,3757],{"class":115},[44,70481,70482],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70483,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70485,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,70487,70065],{"class":50},[44,70489,55],{"class":54},[44,70491,52981],{"class":50},[44,70493,116],{"class":115},[44,70495,26376],{"class":119},[44,70497,123],{"class":115},[44,70499,3111],{"class":77},[44,70501,135],{"class":115},[44,70503,70504],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,70505,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70507,70508,70510,70512,70514],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,70509,142],{"class":141},[44,70511,123],{"class":115},[44,70513,70088],{"class":119},[44,70515,135],{"class":115},[44,70517,70518,70520,70522,70524],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,70519,142],{"class":141},[44,70521,123],{"class":115},[44,70523,36428],{"class":119},[44,70525,135],{"class":115},[20,70527,155],{},[35,70529,70531],{"className":37,"code":70530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70532,70533,70538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70534,70535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70536,70537],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,70539,70540,70542,70544,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560,70562,70564],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70541,4027],{"class":115},[44,70543,1338],{"class":58},[44,70545,4207],{"class":62},[44,70547,1338],{"class":58},[44,70549,129],{"class":115},[44,70551,1332],{"class":58},[44,70553,4225],{"class":62},[44,70555,1338],{"class":58},[44,70557,129],{"class":115},[44,70559,1332],{"class":58},[44,70561,33357],{"class":62},[44,70563,1338],{"class":58},[44,70565,3757],{"class":115},[20,70567,70568],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,70570,70572],{"className":37,"code":70571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70573,70574,70606,70610,70630,70634,70644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70575,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70577,36376],{"class":50},[44,70579,55],{"class":54},[44,70581,3744],{"class":115},[44,70583,112],{"class":58},[44,70585,4207],{"class":62},[44,70587,112],{"class":58},[44,70589,129],{"class":115},[44,70591,59],{"class":58},[44,70593,4216],{"class":62},[44,70595,112],{"class":58},[44,70597,129],{"class":115},[44,70599,59],{"class":58},[44,70601,4225],{"class":62},[44,70603,112],{"class":58},[44,70605,3757],{"class":115},[44,70607,70608],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70609,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70611,70612,70614,70616,70618,70620,70622,70624,70626,70628],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,70613,70065],{"class":50},[44,70615,55],{"class":54},[44,70617,52981],{"class":50},[44,70619,116],{"class":115},[44,70621,26376],{"class":119},[44,70623,123],{"class":115},[44,70625,2142],{"class":54},[44,70627,3111],{"class":77},[44,70629,135],{"class":115},[44,70631,70632],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,70633,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70635,70636,70638,70640,70642],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,70637,142],{"class":141},[44,70639,123],{"class":115},[44,70641,70088],{"class":119},[44,70643,135],{"class":115},[44,70645,70646,70648,70650,70652],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,70647,142],{"class":141},[44,70649,123],{"class":115},[44,70651,36428],{"class":119},[44,70653,135],{"class":115},[20,70655,155],{},[35,70657,70659],{"className":37,"code":70658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70660,70661,70666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70662,70663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70664,70665],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,70667,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70669,4027],{"class":115},[44,70671,1338],{"class":58},[44,70673,4207],{"class":62},[44,70675,1338],{"class":58},[44,70677,129],{"class":115},[44,70679,1332],{"class":58},[44,70681,4216],{"class":62},[44,70683,1338],{"class":58},[44,70685,3757],{"class":115},[20,70687,70688,70689,70691],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70690,65987],{}," means the last item.",[20,70693,70694,70695,116],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[200,70696,70697,10880],{"href":59096},[15,70698,64998],{},[30,70700,70702],{"id":70701},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70704,70705,70707],{},[15,70706,12902],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70709,70710,70711,536,70713,116],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70712,12902],{},[200,70714,70715],{"href":55202},[15,70716,55659],{},[20,70718,238],{},[35,70720,70722],{"className":37,"code":70721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70723,70724,70756,70760,70779,70783,70794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70725,70726,70728,70730,70732,70734,70736,70738,70740,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70727,5126],{"class":50},[44,70729,55],{"class":54},[44,70731,3744],{"class":115},[44,70733,112],{"class":58},[44,70735,833],{"class":62},[44,70737,112],{"class":58},[44,70739,129],{"class":115},[44,70741,59],{"class":58},[44,70743,36077],{"class":62},[44,70745,112],{"class":58},[44,70747,129],{"class":115},[44,70749,59],{"class":58},[44,70751,36086],{"class":62},[44,70753,112],{"class":58},[44,70755,3757],{"class":115},[44,70757,70758],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70759,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70761,70762,70765,70767,70769,70771,70773,70775,70777],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,70763,70764],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,70766,55],{"class":54},[44,70768,69707],{"class":50},[44,70770,116],{"class":115},[44,70772,26376],{"class":119},[44,70774,123],{"class":115},[44,70776,2240],{"class":77},[44,70778,135],{"class":115},[44,70780,70781],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,70782,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70784,70785,70787,70789,70792],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,70786,142],{"class":141},[44,70788,123],{"class":115},[44,70790,70791],{"class":119},"removed_name",[44,70793,135],{"class":115},[44,70795,70796,70798,70800,70802],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,70797,142],{"class":141},[44,70799,123],{"class":115},[44,70801,5170],{"class":119},[44,70803,135],{"class":115},[20,70805,155],{},[35,70807,70809],{"className":37,"code":70808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70810,70811,70815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70812,70813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70814,50170],{"class":50},[44,70816,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70818,4027],{"class":115},[44,70820,1338],{"class":58},[44,70822,36077],{"class":62},[44,70824,1338],{"class":58},[44,70826,129],{"class":115},[44,70828,1332],{"class":58},[44,70830,36086],{"class":62},[44,70832,1338],{"class":58},[44,70834,3757],{"class":115},[20,70836,70837],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70839,70840,70841,70843,70844,116],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70842,55659],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70845,3904],{},[30,70847,70849],{"id":70848},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1474,70851,70853],{"id":70852},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70855,70856,70857,70859,70860,116],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70858,12902],{}," raises an ",[15,70861,70862],{},"IndexError",[35,70864,70866],{"className":37,"code":70865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70867,70868,70876],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70869,70870,70872,70874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70871,7917],{"class":50},[44,70873,55],{"class":54},[44,70875,7977],{"class":115},[44,70877,70878,70880,70882,70884],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70879,7948],{"class":50},[44,70881,116],{"class":115},[44,70883,26376],{"class":119},[44,70885,8782],{"class":115},[20,70887,155],{},[35,70889,70891],{"className":37,"code":70890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70892,70893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70894,70895,70897,70899,70902,70905,70908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70896,70862],{"class":1296},[44,70898,790],{"class":115},[44,70900,70901],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,70903,70904],{"class":4003},"from",[44,70906,70907],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,70909,50016],{"class":1296},[20,70911,39399],{},[218,70913,70914,70919],{},[221,70915,70916,70917],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70918,12902],{},[221,70920,70921,70922,536,70924],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70923,29940],{},[15,70925,29971],{},[20,70927,238],{},[35,70929,70931],{"className":37,"code":70930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70932,70933,70941,70945,70953,70967,70973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70934,70935,70937,70939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70936,7917],{"class":50},[44,70938,55],{"class":54},[44,70940,7977],{"class":115},[44,70942,70943],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,70944,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,70946,70947,70949,70951],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,70948,7135],{"class":4003},[44,70950,6101],{"class":50},[44,70952,6530],{"class":115},[44,70954,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,70956,8206],{"class":141},[44,70958,123],{"class":115},[44,70960,7948],{"class":119},[44,70962,116],{"class":115},[44,70964,26376],{"class":119},[44,70966,7332],{"class":115},[44,70968,70969,70971],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,70970,27569],{"class":4003},[44,70972,6530],{"class":115},[44,70974,70975,70977,70979,70981,70984,70986],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,70976,8206],{"class":141},[44,70978,123],{"class":115},[44,70980,112],{"class":58},[44,70982,70983],{"class":62},"The list is empty.",[44,70985,112],{"class":58},[44,70987,135],{"class":115},[1474,70989,70991],{"id":70990},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70993,70994,70995,116],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70996,70862],{},[35,70998,71000],{"className":37,"code":70999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,71001,71002,71022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71003,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018,71020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71005,3739],{"class":50},[44,71007,55],{"class":54},[44,71009,3744],{"class":115},[44,71011,2451],{"class":77},[44,71013,129],{"class":115},[44,71015,7928],{"class":77},[44,71017,129],{"class":115},[44,71019,7933],{"class":77},[44,71021,3757],{"class":115},[44,71023,71024,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71025,3771],{"class":50},[44,71027,116],{"class":115},[44,71029,26376],{"class":119},[44,71031,123],{"class":115},[44,71033,2257],{"class":77},[44,71035,135],{"class":115},[20,71037,155],{},[35,71039,71041],{"className":37,"code":71040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,71042,71043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71044,71045,71047,71049,71052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71046,70862],{"class":1296},[44,71048,790],{"class":115},[44,71050,71051],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,71053,71054],{"class":141},"range\n",[20,71056,39399],{},[218,71058,71059,71064],{},[221,71060,71061,71062],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71063,42498],{},[221,71065,71066],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,71068,71070],{"className":37,"code":71069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71071,71072,71092,71101,71105,71127,71145,71151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71073,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082,71084,71086,71088,71090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71075,3739],{"class":50},[44,71077,55],{"class":54},[44,71079,3744],{"class":115},[44,71081,2451],{"class":77},[44,71083,129],{"class":115},[44,71085,7928],{"class":77},[44,71087,129],{"class":115},[44,71089,7933],{"class":77},[44,71091,3757],{"class":115},[44,71093,71094,71097,71099],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71095,71096],{"class":50},"index ",[44,71098,55],{"class":54},[44,71100,45723],{"class":77},[44,71102,71103],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,71104,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,71106,71107,71109,71111,71114,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,71108,7135],{"class":4003},[44,71110,3959],{"class":77},[44,71112,71113],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,71115,71116],{"class":50}," index ",[44,71118,1326],{"class":54},[44,71120,38523],{"class":141},[44,71122,123],{"class":115},[44,71124,3771],{"class":119},[44,71126,8480],{"class":115},[44,71128,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,71130,8206],{"class":141},[44,71132,123],{"class":115},[44,71134,3771],{"class":119},[44,71136,116],{"class":115},[44,71138,26376],{"class":119},[44,71140,123],{"class":115},[44,71142,35982],{"class":119},[44,71144,567],{"class":115},[44,71146,71147,71149],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,71148,27569],{"class":4003},[44,71150,6530],{"class":115},[44,71152,71153,71155,71157,71159,71162,71164],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,71154,8206],{"class":141},[44,71156,123],{"class":115},[44,71158,112],{"class":58},[44,71160,71161],{"class":62},"Index is out of range.",[44,71163,112],{"class":58},[44,71165,135],{"class":115},[20,71167,71168,71169,116],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[200,71170,69390],{"href":69389},[1474,71172,71174],{"id":71173},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71176,71177,71179],{},[15,71178,12902],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,71181,71183],{"className":37,"code":71182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71184,71185,71205],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71186,71187,71189,71191,71193,71195,71197,71199,71201,71203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71188,3739],{"class":50},[44,71190,55],{"class":54},[44,71192,3744],{"class":115},[44,71194,2451],{"class":77},[44,71196,129],{"class":115},[44,71198,7928],{"class":77},[44,71200,129],{"class":115},[44,71202,7933],{"class":77},[44,71204,3757],{"class":115},[44,71206,71207,71209,71211,71213,71215,71217,71219,71221],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71208,3771],{"class":50},[44,71210,116],{"class":115},[44,71212,26376],{"class":119},[44,71214,123],{"class":115},[44,71216,112],{"class":58},[44,71218,3111],{"class":62},[44,71220,112],{"class":58},[44,71222,135],{"class":115},[20,71224,155],{},[35,71226,71228],{"className":37,"code":71227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71229,71230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71231,71232,71234,71236,71238,71240,71242,71244,71247,71250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71233,3129],{"class":1296},[44,71235,790],{"class":115},[44,71237,1332],{"class":58},[44,71239,1335],{"class":62},[44,71241,1338],{"class":58},[44,71243,24753],{"class":1296},[44,71245,71246],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,71248,71249],{"class":4003},"as",[44,71251,71252],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,71254,39399],{},[218,71256,71257,71266],{},[221,71258,71259,71260,2310,71262,2314,71264],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71261,2240],{},[15,71263,3111],{},[15,71265,65987],{},[221,71267,71268],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,71270,71272],{"className":37,"code":71271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71273,71274,71294,71312,71316,71334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71275,71276,71278,71280,71282,71284,71286,71288,71290,71292],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71277,3739],{"class":50},[44,71279,55],{"class":54},[44,71281,3744],{"class":115},[44,71283,2451],{"class":77},[44,71285,129],{"class":115},[44,71287,7928],{"class":77},[44,71289,129],{"class":115},[44,71291,7933],{"class":77},[44,71293,3757],{"class":115},[44,71295,71296,71298,71300,71302,71304,71306,71308,71310],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71297,71096],{"class":50},[44,71299,55],{"class":54},[44,71301,45410],{"class":1296},[44,71303,123],{"class":115},[44,71305,112],{"class":58},[44,71307,3111],{"class":62},[44,71309,112],{"class":58},[44,71311,135],{"class":115},[44,71313,71314],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,71315,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,71317,71318,71320,71322,71324,71326,71328,71330,71332],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,71319,142],{"class":141},[44,71321,123],{"class":115},[44,71323,3771],{"class":119},[44,71325,116],{"class":115},[44,71327,26376],{"class":119},[44,71329,123],{"class":115},[44,71331,35982],{"class":119},[44,71333,567],{"class":115},[44,71335,71336,71338,71340,71342],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,71337,142],{"class":141},[44,71339,123],{"class":115},[44,71341,3771],{"class":119},[44,71343,135],{"class":115},[20,71345,155],{},[35,71347,71349],{"className":37,"code":71348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71350,71351,71356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71352,71353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71354,71355],{"class":77},"20\n",[44,71357,71358,71360,71362,71364,71366],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71359,4027],{"class":115},[44,71361,2451],{"class":77},[44,71363,129],{"class":115},[44,71365,7933],{"class":77},[44,71367,3757],{"class":115},[30,71369,71371],{"id":71370},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71373,71374],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1474,71376,189,71378,10740],{"id":71377},"use-pop-when",[15,71379,12902],{},[218,71381,71382,71385,71388],{},[221,71383,71384],{},"you want to remove by index",[221,71386,71387],{},"you want the removed item returned",[221,71389,71390],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1474,71392,189,71394,10740],{"id":71393},"use-remove-when",[15,71395,55659],{},[218,71397,71398,71401],{},[221,71399,71400],{},"you want to remove by value",[221,71402,71403],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71405,71406],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,71408,71410],{"className":37,"code":71409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71411,71412,71436,71440,71458,71468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71413,71414,71416,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71415,3739],{"class":50},[44,71417,55],{"class":54},[44,71419,3744],{"class":115},[44,71421,2451],{"class":77},[44,71423,129],{"class":115},[44,71425,7928],{"class":77},[44,71427,129],{"class":115},[44,71429,7933],{"class":77},[44,71431,129],{"class":115},[44,71433,7928],{"class":77},[44,71435,3757],{"class":115},[44,71437,71438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71439,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,71441,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,71443,70065],{"class":50},[44,71445,55],{"class":54},[44,71447,4392],{"class":50},[44,71449,116],{"class":115},[44,71451,26376],{"class":119},[44,71453,123],{"class":115},[44,71455,3111],{"class":77},[44,71457,135],{"class":115},[44,71459,71460,71462,71464,71466],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,71461,142],{"class":141},[44,71463,123],{"class":115},[44,71465,70088],{"class":119},[44,71467,135],{"class":115},[44,71469,71470,71472,71474,71476],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,71471,142],{"class":141},[44,71473,123],{"class":115},[44,71475,3771],{"class":119},[44,71477,135],{"class":115},[20,71479,155],{},[35,71481,71483],{"className":37,"code":71482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71484,71485,71489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71486,71487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71488,71355],{"class":77},[44,71490,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71492,4027],{"class":115},[44,71494,2451],{"class":77},[44,71496,129],{"class":115},[44,71498,7933],{"class":77},[44,71500,129],{"class":115},[44,71502,7928],{"class":77},[44,71504,3757],{"class":115},[35,71506,71508],{"className":37,"code":71507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71509,71510,71534,71538,71552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71511,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71513,3739],{"class":50},[44,71515,55],{"class":54},[44,71517,3744],{"class":115},[44,71519,2451],{"class":77},[44,71521,129],{"class":115},[44,71523,7928],{"class":77},[44,71525,129],{"class":115},[44,71527,7933],{"class":77},[44,71529,129],{"class":115},[44,71531,7928],{"class":77},[44,71533,3757],{"class":115},[44,71535,71536],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71537,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,71539,71540,71542,71544,71546,71548,71550],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,71541,3771],{"class":50},[44,71543,116],{"class":115},[44,71545,34930],{"class":119},[44,71547,123],{"class":115},[44,71549,15892],{"class":77},[44,71551,135],{"class":115},[44,71553,71554,71556,71558,71560],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,71555,142],{"class":141},[44,71557,123],{"class":115},[44,71559,3771],{"class":119},[44,71561,135],{"class":115},[20,71563,155],{},[35,71565,71567],{"className":37,"code":71566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71568,71569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71570,71571,71573,71575,71577,71579,71581,71583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71572,4027],{"class":115},[44,71574,2451],{"class":77},[44,71576,129],{"class":115},[44,71578,7933],{"class":77},[44,71580,129],{"class":115},[44,71582,7928],{"class":77},[44,71584,3757],{"class":115},[20,71586,71587,71588,71591,71592,116],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71589,71590],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71593,3111],{},[20,71595,56735,71596,71599,71600,116],{},[15,71597,71598],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71601,15892],{},[20,71603,71604,71605,116],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[200,71606,55198],{"href":55197},[30,71608,1467],{"id":1466},[20,71610,71611,71612,790],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71613,12902],{},[218,71615,71616,71619,71622,71628,71632],{},[221,71617,71618],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[221,71620,71621],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[221,71623,37341,71624,8844,71626],{},[15,71625,12902],{},[15,71627,55659],{},[221,71629,1707,71630,62104],{},[15,71631,12902],{},[221,71633,71634],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71636,71637],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,71639,71641],{"className":37,"code":71640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71642,71643,71653,71667,71681,71699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71644,71645,71647,71649,71651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71646,142],{"class":141},[44,71648,123],{"class":115},[44,71650,8477],{"class":119},[44,71652,135],{"class":115},[44,71654,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663,71665],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71656,142],{"class":141},[44,71658,123],{"class":115},[44,71660,11302],{"class":141},[44,71662,123],{"class":115},[44,71664,8477],{"class":119},[44,71666,567],{"class":115},[44,71668,71669,71671,71673,71675,71677,71679],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,71670,142],{"class":141},[44,71672,123],{"class":115},[44,71674,8477],{"class":119},[44,71676,116],{"class":115},[44,71678,26376],{"class":119},[44,71680,7332],{"class":115},[44,71682,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,71684,142],{"class":141},[44,71686,123],{"class":115},[44,71688,8477],{"class":119},[44,71690,116],{"class":115},[44,71692,26376],{"class":119},[44,71694,123],{"class":115},[44,71696,2240],{"class":77},[44,71698,567],{"class":115},[44,71700,71701,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,71702,142],{"class":141},[44,71704,123],{"class":115},[44,71706,1297],{"class":1296},[44,71708,123],{"class":115},[44,71710,35982],{"class":119},[44,71712,567],{"class":115},[20,71714,71715],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[218,71717,71718,71724],{},[221,71719,71720,71723],{},[15,71721,71722],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[221,71725,71726,71729],{},[15,71727,71728],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71731,71732,71733,71736],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71734,71735],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[30,71738,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,71740,71742],{"id":71741},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71744,71745,71746,71748],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71747,12902],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1474,71750,71752],{"id":71751},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71754,71755,71757,71758,71760,71761,116],{},[15,71756,12902],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71759,55659],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71762,3904],{},[1474,71764,71766],{"id":71765},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71768,71769,71770,71773],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71771,71772],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1474,71775,71777],{"id":71776},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71779,71780,71781,71783],{},"Python raises ",[15,71782,70862],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[30,71785,2019],{"id":2018},[218,71787,71788,71792,71797,71802,71807],{},[221,71789,71790],{},[200,71791,55645],{"href":55197},[221,71793,71794],{},[200,71795,71796],{"href":55202},"Python list remove() method",[221,71798,71799],{},[200,71800,71801],{"href":59096},"Python list index() method",[221,71803,71804],{},[200,71805,71806],{"href":51109},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[221,71808,71809],{},[200,71810,69390],{"href":69389},[2048,71812,71813],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":71815},[71816,71817,71818,71819,71820,71821,71822,71827,71833,71834,71840],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":69991,"depth":69,"text":69992},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":70301,"depth":69,"text":70302},{"id":70430,"depth":69,"text":70431},{"id":70701,"depth":69,"text":70702},{"id":70848,"depth":69,"text":70849,"children":71823},[71824,71825,71826],{"id":70852,"depth":81,"text":70853},{"id":70990,"depth":81,"text":70991},{"id":71173,"depth":81,"text":71174},{"id":71370,"depth":69,"text":71371,"children":71828},[71829,71831],{"id":71377,"depth":81,"text":71830},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71393,"depth":81,"text":71832},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":71835},[71836,71837,71838,71839],{"id":71741,"depth":81,"text":71742},{"id":71751,"depth":81,"text":71752},{"id":71765,"depth":81,"text":71766},{"id":71776,"depth":81,"text":71777},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69858,"description":71841},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71848,"title":71849,"body":71850,"description":73636,"extension":2084,"meta":73637,"navigation":84,"path":73638,"seo":73639,"stem":73640,"__hash__":73641},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71851,"toc":73618},[71852,71855,71860,71866,71868,71938,71944,71948,71953,71974,71977,72044,72046,72067,72075,72077,72096,72112,72114,72179,72181,72206,72208,72210,72275,72277,72302,72304,72318,72321,72374,72376,72397,72401,72409,72482,72484,72517,72523,72529,72620,72622,72647,72653,72742,72744,72768,72770,72774,72829,72831,72863,72866,72869,72963,72965,72998,73004,73010,73014,73021,73047,73051,73116,73118,73143,73147,73228,73230,73259,73264,73269,73275,73279,73286,73308,73312,73371,73373,73397,73406,73411,73413,73417,73446,73448,73523,73526,73540,73546,73548,73552,73555,73559,73564,73568,73577,73581,73589,73591,73615],[10,71853,71849],{"id":71854},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71856,213,71857,71859],{},[15,71858,55205],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71861,71862,71863,71865],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[153,71864,379],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[30,71867,33],{"id":32},[35,71869,71871],{"className":37,"code":71870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71872,71873,71905,71923,71933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71874,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71876,7917],{"class":50},[44,71878,55],{"class":54},[44,71880,3744],{"class":115},[44,71882,112],{"class":58},[44,71884,4207],{"class":62},[44,71886,112],{"class":58},[44,71888,129],{"class":115},[44,71890,59],{"class":58},[44,71892,4216],{"class":62},[44,71894,112],{"class":58},[44,71896,129],{"class":115},[44,71898,59],{"class":58},[44,71900,33357],{"class":62},[44,71902,112],{"class":58},[44,71904,3757],{"class":115},[44,71906,71907,71909,71911,71913,71915,71917,71919,71921],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,71908,7948],{"class":50},[44,71910,116],{"class":115},[44,71912,34930],{"class":119},[44,71914,123],{"class":115},[44,71916,112],{"class":58},[44,71918,4216],{"class":62},[44,71920,112],{"class":58},[44,71922,135],{"class":115},[44,71924,71925,71927,71929,71931],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,71926,142],{"class":141},[44,71928,123],{"class":115},[44,71930,7948],{"class":119},[44,71932,135],{"class":115},[44,71934,71935],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,71936,71937],{"class":3787},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71939,189,71940,71943],{},[15,71941,71942],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[30,71945,71947],{"id":71946},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71949,71950,71952],{},[15,71951,55659],{}," is a list method that:",[218,71954,71955,71961,71966,71971],{},[221,71956,71957,71958,71960],{},"Deletes the ",[153,71959,30045],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[221,71962,71963,71964],{},"Changes the original list ",[153,71965,11474],{},[221,71967,12844,71968,71970],{},[153,71969,4761],{}," return a new list",[221,71972,71973],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71975,71976],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,71978,71980],{"className":37,"code":71979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71981,71982,72002,72020,72024,72034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71983,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994,71996,71998,72000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71985,3739],{"class":50},[44,71987,55],{"class":54},[44,71989,3744],{"class":115},[44,71991,3111],{"class":77},[44,71993,129],{"class":115},[44,71995,3116],{"class":77},[44,71997,129],{"class":115},[44,71999,2573],{"class":77},[44,72001,3757],{"class":115},[44,72003,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72005,2351],{"class":50},[44,72007,55],{"class":54},[44,72009,4392],{"class":50},[44,72011,116],{"class":115},[44,72013,34930],{"class":119},[44,72015,123],{"class":115},[44,72017,2177],{"class":77},[44,72019,135],{"class":115},[44,72021,72022],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,72023,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,72025,72026,72028,72030,72032],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,72027,142],{"class":141},[44,72029,123],{"class":115},[44,72031,3771],{"class":119},[44,72033,135],{"class":115},[44,72035,72036,72038,72040,72042],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,72037,142],{"class":141},[44,72039,123],{"class":115},[44,72041,2386],{"class":119},[44,72043,135],{"class":115},[20,72045,155],{},[35,72047,72049],{"className":37,"code":72048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,72050,72051,72063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72052,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72054,4027],{"class":115},[44,72056,3111],{"class":77},[44,72058,129],{"class":115},[44,72060,2573],{"class":77},[44,72062,3757],{"class":115},[44,72064,72065],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72066,11948],{"class":3978},[20,72068,72069,72070,72072,72073,116],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72071,55659],{}," itself returned ",[15,72074,3904],{},[30,72076,5565],{"id":5564},[35,72078,72080],{"className":37,"code":72079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72081,72082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72083,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72085,8231],{"class":1296},[44,72087,116],{"class":115},[44,72089,34930],{"class":119},[44,72091,123],{"class":115},[44,72093,379],{"class":119},[44,72095,135],{"class":115},[218,72097,72098,72103,72106],{},[221,72099,72100,72102],{},[15,72101,379],{}," is the item you want to delete",[221,72104,72105],{},"Python searches from left to right",[221,72107,72108,72109,72111],{},"Only the ",[153,72110,30045],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72113,238],{},[35,72115,72117],{"className":37,"code":72116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72118,72119,72151,72169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72120,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72122,36227],{"class":50},[44,72124,55],{"class":54},[44,72126,3744],{"class":115},[44,72128,112],{"class":58},[44,72130,200],{"class":62},[44,72132,112],{"class":58},[44,72134,129],{"class":115},[44,72136,59],{"class":58},[44,72138,4891],{"class":62},[44,72140,112],{"class":58},[44,72142,129],{"class":115},[44,72144,59],{"class":58},[44,72146,9878],{"class":62},[44,72148,112],{"class":58},[44,72150,3757],{"class":115},[44,72152,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72154,36280],{"class":50},[44,72156,116],{"class":115},[44,72158,34930],{"class":119},[44,72160,123],{"class":115},[44,72162,112],{"class":58},[44,72164,4891],{"class":62},[44,72166,112],{"class":58},[44,72168,135],{"class":115},[44,72170,72171,72173,72175,72177],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,72172,142],{"class":141},[44,72174,123],{"class":115},[44,72176,36280],{"class":119},[44,72178,135],{"class":115},[20,72180,155],{},[35,72182,72184],{"className":37,"code":72183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72185,72186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72187,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202,72204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72189,4027],{"class":115},[44,72191,1338],{"class":58},[44,72193,200],{"class":62},[44,72195,1338],{"class":58},[44,72197,129],{"class":115},[44,72199,1332],{"class":58},[44,72201,9878],{"class":62},[44,72203,1338],{"class":58},[44,72205,3757],{"class":115},[30,72207,5922],{"id":5921},[20,72209,65307],{},[35,72211,72213],{"className":37,"code":72212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72214,72215,72247,72265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72216,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243,72245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72218,13213],{"class":50},[44,72220,55],{"class":54},[44,72222,3744],{"class":115},[44,72224,112],{"class":58},[44,72226,13230],{"class":62},[44,72228,112],{"class":58},[44,72230,129],{"class":115},[44,72232,59],{"class":58},[44,72234,13247],{"class":62},[44,72236,112],{"class":58},[44,72238,129],{"class":115},[44,72240,59],{"class":58},[44,72242,17592],{"class":62},[44,72244,112],{"class":58},[44,72246,3757],{"class":115},[44,72248,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72250,17639],{"class":50},[44,72252,116],{"class":115},[44,72254,34930],{"class":119},[44,72256,123],{"class":115},[44,72258,112],{"class":58},[44,72260,13247],{"class":62},[44,72262,112],{"class":58},[44,72264,135],{"class":115},[44,72266,72267,72269,72271,72273],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,72268,142],{"class":141},[44,72270,123],{"class":115},[44,72272,17639],{"class":119},[44,72274,135],{"class":115},[20,72276,155],{},[35,72278,72280],{"className":37,"code":72279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72281,72282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72283,72284,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72285,4027],{"class":115},[44,72287,1338],{"class":58},[44,72289,13230],{"class":62},[44,72291,1338],{"class":58},[44,72293,129],{"class":115},[44,72295,1332],{"class":58},[44,72297,17592],{"class":62},[44,72299,1338],{"class":58},[44,72301,3757],{"class":115},[20,72303,11823],{},[218,72305,72306,72309,72315],{},[221,72307,72308],{},"A list is created with three values",[221,72310,72311,72314],{},[15,72312,72313],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[221,72316,72317],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72319,72320],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,72322,72324],{"className":37,"code":72323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72325,72326,72350,72364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72327,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72329,5195],{"class":50},[44,72331,55],{"class":54},[44,72333,3744],{"class":115},[44,72335,2451],{"class":77},[44,72337,129],{"class":115},[44,72339,7928],{"class":77},[44,72341,129],{"class":115},[44,72343,7933],{"class":77},[44,72345,129],{"class":115},[44,72347,50974],{"class":77},[44,72349,3757],{"class":115},[44,72351,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72353,16526],{"class":50},[44,72355,116],{"class":115},[44,72357,34930],{"class":119},[44,72359,123],{"class":115},[44,72361,36979],{"class":77},[44,72363,135],{"class":115},[44,72365,72366,72368,72370,72372],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,72367,142],{"class":141},[44,72369,123],{"class":115},[44,72371,16526],{"class":119},[44,72373,135],{"class":115},[20,72375,155],{},[35,72377,72379],{"className":37,"code":72378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72380,72381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72382,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72384,4027],{"class":115},[44,72386,2451],{"class":77},[44,72388,129],{"class":115},[44,72390,7928],{"class":77},[44,72392,129],{"class":115},[44,72394,50974],{"class":77},[44,72396,3757],{"class":115},[30,72398,72400],{"id":72399},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72402,65297,72403,72405,72406,72408],{},[15,72404,55659],{}," deletes only the ",[153,72407,30045],{}," one.",[35,72410,72412],{"className":37,"code":72411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72413,72414,72454,72472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72415,72416,72418,72420,72422,72424,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72417,7917],{"class":50},[44,72419,55],{"class":54},[44,72421,3744],{"class":115},[44,72423,112],{"class":58},[44,72425,4207],{"class":62},[44,72427,112],{"class":58},[44,72429,129],{"class":115},[44,72431,59],{"class":58},[44,72433,4216],{"class":62},[44,72435,112],{"class":58},[44,72437,129],{"class":115},[44,72439,59],{"class":58},[44,72441,4207],{"class":62},[44,72443,112],{"class":58},[44,72445,129],{"class":115},[44,72447,59],{"class":58},[44,72449,33357],{"class":62},[44,72451,112],{"class":58},[44,72453,3757],{"class":115},[44,72455,72456,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72457,7948],{"class":50},[44,72459,116],{"class":115},[44,72461,34930],{"class":119},[44,72463,123],{"class":115},[44,72465,112],{"class":58},[44,72467,4207],{"class":62},[44,72469,112],{"class":58},[44,72471,135],{"class":115},[44,72473,72474,72476,72478,72480],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,72475,142],{"class":141},[44,72477,123],{"class":115},[44,72479,7948],{"class":119},[44,72481,135],{"class":115},[20,72483,155],{},[35,72485,72487],{"className":37,"code":72486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72488,72489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72490,72491,72493,72495,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72492,4027],{"class":115},[44,72494,1338],{"class":58},[44,72496,4216],{"class":62},[44,72498,1338],{"class":58},[44,72500,129],{"class":115},[44,72502,1332],{"class":58},[44,72504,4207],{"class":62},[44,72506,1338],{"class":58},[44,72508,129],{"class":115},[44,72510,1332],{"class":58},[44,72512,33357],{"class":62},[44,72514,1338],{"class":58},[44,72516,3757],{"class":115},[20,72518,72519,72520,72522],{},"Only the first ",[15,72521,57964],{}," was removed.",[20,72524,72525,72526,72528],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72527,55659],{}," again:",[35,72530,72532],{"className":37,"code":72531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72533,72534,72574,72592,72610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72535,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72537,7917],{"class":50},[44,72539,55],{"class":54},[44,72541,3744],{"class":115},[44,72543,112],{"class":58},[44,72545,4207],{"class":62},[44,72547,112],{"class":58},[44,72549,129],{"class":115},[44,72551,59],{"class":58},[44,72553,4216],{"class":62},[44,72555,112],{"class":58},[44,72557,129],{"class":115},[44,72559,59],{"class":58},[44,72561,4207],{"class":62},[44,72563,112],{"class":58},[44,72565,129],{"class":115},[44,72567,59],{"class":58},[44,72569,33357],{"class":62},[44,72571,112],{"class":58},[44,72573,3757],{"class":115},[44,72575,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72577,7948],{"class":50},[44,72579,116],{"class":115},[44,72581,34930],{"class":119},[44,72583,123],{"class":115},[44,72585,112],{"class":58},[44,72587,4207],{"class":62},[44,72589,112],{"class":58},[44,72591,135],{"class":115},[44,72593,72594,72596,72598,72600,72602,72604,72606,72608],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,72595,7948],{"class":50},[44,72597,116],{"class":115},[44,72599,34930],{"class":119},[44,72601,123],{"class":115},[44,72603,112],{"class":58},[44,72605,4207],{"class":62},[44,72607,112],{"class":58},[44,72609,135],{"class":115},[44,72611,72612,72614,72616,72618],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,72613,142],{"class":141},[44,72615,123],{"class":115},[44,72617,7948],{"class":119},[44,72619,135],{"class":115},[20,72621,155],{},[35,72623,72625],{"className":37,"code":72624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72626,72627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72628,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641,72643,72645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72630,4027],{"class":115},[44,72632,1338],{"class":58},[44,72634,4216],{"class":62},[44,72636,1338],{"class":58},[44,72638,129],{"class":115},[44,72640,1332],{"class":58},[44,72642,33357],{"class":62},[44,72644,1338],{"class":58},[44,72646,3757],{"class":115},[20,72648,72649,72650,72652],{},"If you need to remove ",[153,72651,3841],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,72654,72656],{"className":37,"code":72655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72657,72658,72698,72732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72659,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668,72670,72672,72674,72676,72678,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72661,7917],{"class":50},[44,72663,55],{"class":54},[44,72665,3744],{"class":115},[44,72667,112],{"class":58},[44,72669,4207],{"class":62},[44,72671,112],{"class":58},[44,72673,129],{"class":115},[44,72675,59],{"class":58},[44,72677,4216],{"class":62},[44,72679,112],{"class":58},[44,72681,129],{"class":115},[44,72683,59],{"class":58},[44,72685,4207],{"class":62},[44,72687,112],{"class":58},[44,72689,129],{"class":115},[44,72691,59],{"class":58},[44,72693,33357],{"class":62},[44,72695,112],{"class":58},[44,72697,3757],{"class":115},[44,72699,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712,72714,72717,72719,72721,72724,72726,72728,72730],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72701,7917],{"class":50},[44,72703,55],{"class":54},[44,72705,3744],{"class":115},[44,72707,28674],{"class":50},[44,72709,6093],{"class":4003},[44,72711,6096],{"class":50},[44,72713,887],{"class":4003},[44,72715,72716],{"class":50}," items ",[44,72718,7135],{"class":4003},[44,72720,6096],{"class":50},[44,72722,72723],{"class":54},"!=",[44,72725,59],{"class":58},[44,72727,4207],{"class":62},[44,72729,112],{"class":58},[44,72731,3757],{"class":115},[44,72733,72734,72736,72738,72740],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,72735,142],{"class":141},[44,72737,123],{"class":115},[44,72739,7948],{"class":119},[44,72741,135],{"class":115},[20,72743,155],{},[35,72745,72746],{"className":37,"code":72624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72747,72748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72749,72750,72752,72754,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72751,4027],{"class":115},[44,72753,1338],{"class":58},[44,72755,4216],{"class":62},[44,72757,1338],{"class":58},[44,72759,129],{"class":115},[44,72761,1332],{"class":58},[44,72763,33357],{"class":62},[44,72765,1338],{"class":58},[44,72767,3757],{"class":115},[30,72769,65763],{"id":65762},[20,72771,65766,72772,116],{},[15,72773,40841],{},[35,72775,72777],{"className":37,"code":72776,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72778,72779,72811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72780,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807,72809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72782,7917],{"class":50},[44,72784,55],{"class":54},[44,72786,3744],{"class":115},[44,72788,112],{"class":58},[44,72790,4207],{"class":62},[44,72792,112],{"class":58},[44,72794,129],{"class":115},[44,72796,59],{"class":58},[44,72798,4216],{"class":62},[44,72800,112],{"class":58},[44,72802,129],{"class":115},[44,72804,59],{"class":58},[44,72806,33357],{"class":62},[44,72808,112],{"class":58},[44,72810,3757],{"class":115},[44,72812,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72814,7948],{"class":50},[44,72816,116],{"class":115},[44,72818,34930],{"class":119},[44,72820,123],{"class":115},[44,72822,112],{"class":58},[44,72824,22668],{"class":62},[44,72826,112],{"class":58},[44,72828,135],{"class":115},[20,72830,155],{},[35,72832,72834],{"className":37,"code":72833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72835,72836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72837,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854,72856,72858,72860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72839,40841],{"class":1296},[44,72841,790],{"class":115},[44,72843,22695],{"class":1296},[44,72845,116],{"class":115},[44,72847,34930],{"class":119},[44,72849,123],{"class":115},[44,72851,2294],{"class":119},[44,72853,16589],{"class":115},[44,72855,4007],{"class":50},[44,72857,4761],{"class":54},[44,72859,21311],{"class":54},[44,72861,72862],{"class":1296}," list\n",[20,72864,72865],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72867,72868],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,72870,72872],{"className":37,"code":72871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72873,72874,72906,72918,72922,72934,72949,72953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72875,72876,72878,72880,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890,72892,72894,72896,72898,72900,72902,72904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72877,7917],{"class":50},[44,72879,55],{"class":54},[44,72881,3744],{"class":115},[44,72883,112],{"class":58},[44,72885,4207],{"class":62},[44,72887,112],{"class":58},[44,72889,129],{"class":115},[44,72891,59],{"class":58},[44,72893,4216],{"class":62},[44,72895,112],{"class":58},[44,72897,129],{"class":115},[44,72899,59],{"class":58},[44,72901,33357],{"class":62},[44,72903,112],{"class":58},[44,72905,3757],{"class":115},[44,72907,72908,72910,72912,72914,72916],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,72909,2568],{"class":50},[44,72911,55],{"class":54},[44,72913,59],{"class":58},[44,72915,22668],{"class":62},[44,72917,66],{"class":58},[44,72919,72920],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,72921,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,72923,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,72925,7135],{"class":4003},[44,72927,21722],{"class":50},[44,72929,887],{"class":54},[44,72931,6101],{"class":50},[44,72933,6530],{"class":115},[44,72935,72936,72939,72941,72943,72945,72947],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,72937,72938],{"class":50},"    items",[44,72940,116],{"class":115},[44,72942,34930],{"class":119},[44,72944,123],{"class":115},[44,72946,379],{"class":119},[44,72948,135],{"class":115},[44,72950,72951],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,72952,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,72954,72955,72957,72959,72961],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,72956,142],{"class":141},[44,72958,123],{"class":115},[44,72960,7948],{"class":119},[44,72962,135],{"class":115},[20,72964,155],{},[35,72966,72968],{"className":37,"code":72967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72969,72970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72971,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980,72982,72984,72986,72988,72990,72992,72994,72996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72973,4027],{"class":115},[44,72975,1338],{"class":58},[44,72977,4207],{"class":62},[44,72979,1338],{"class":58},[44,72981,129],{"class":115},[44,72983,1332],{"class":58},[44,72985,4216],{"class":62},[44,72987,1338],{"class":58},[44,72989,129],{"class":115},[44,72991,1332],{"class":58},[44,72993,33357],{"class":62},[44,72995,1338],{"class":58},[44,72997,3757],{"class":115},[20,72999,73000,73001,73003],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,73002,55659],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,73005,73006,73007,116],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[200,73008,65972],{"href":73009},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[30,73011,73013],{"id":73012},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,73015,73016,536,73018,73020],{},[15,73017,55659],{},[15,73019,12902],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[218,73022,73023,73030,73036,73042],{},[221,73024,73025,73027,73028],{},[15,73026,55659],{}," deletes by ",[153,73029,379],{},[221,73031,73032,73027,73034],{},[15,73033,12902],{},[153,73035,35982],{},[221,73037,73038,2518,73040],{},[15,73039,55659],{},[15,73041,3904],{},[221,73043,73044,73046],{},[15,73045,12902],{}," returns the removed item",[20,73048,1361,73049,790],{},[15,73050,55659],{},[35,73052,73054],{"className":37,"code":73053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,73055,73056,73088,73106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73057,73058,73060,73062,73064,73066,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076,73078,73080,73082,73084,73086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73059,7917],{"class":50},[44,73061,55],{"class":54},[44,73063,3744],{"class":115},[44,73065,112],{"class":58},[44,73067,4207],{"class":62},[44,73069,112],{"class":58},[44,73071,129],{"class":115},[44,73073,59],{"class":58},[44,73075,4216],{"class":62},[44,73077,112],{"class":58},[44,73079,129],{"class":115},[44,73081,59],{"class":58},[44,73083,33357],{"class":62},[44,73085,112],{"class":58},[44,73087,3757],{"class":115},[44,73089,73090,73092,73094,73096,73098,73100,73102,73104],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73091,7948],{"class":50},[44,73093,116],{"class":115},[44,73095,34930],{"class":119},[44,73097,123],{"class":115},[44,73099,112],{"class":58},[44,73101,4216],{"class":62},[44,73103,112],{"class":58},[44,73105,135],{"class":115},[44,73107,73108,73110,73112,73114],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,73109,142],{"class":141},[44,73111,123],{"class":115},[44,73113,7948],{"class":119},[44,73115,135],{"class":115},[20,73117,155],{},[35,73119,73121],{"className":37,"code":73120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73122,73123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73124,73125,73127,73129,73131,73133,73135,73137,73139,73141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73126,4027],{"class":115},[44,73128,1338],{"class":58},[44,73130,4207],{"class":62},[44,73132,1338],{"class":58},[44,73134,129],{"class":115},[44,73136,1332],{"class":58},[44,73138,33357],{"class":62},[44,73140,1338],{"class":58},[44,73142,3757],{"class":115},[20,73144,1361,73145,790],{},[15,73146,12902],{},[35,73148,73150],{"className":37,"code":73149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73151,73152,73184,73203,73207,73217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73153,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162,73164,73166,73168,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73155,7917],{"class":50},[44,73157,55],{"class":54},[44,73159,3744],{"class":115},[44,73161,112],{"class":58},[44,73163,4207],{"class":62},[44,73165,112],{"class":58},[44,73167,129],{"class":115},[44,73169,59],{"class":58},[44,73171,4216],{"class":62},[44,73173,112],{"class":58},[44,73175,129],{"class":115},[44,73177,59],{"class":58},[44,73179,33357],{"class":62},[44,73181,112],{"class":58},[44,73183,3757],{"class":115},[44,73185,73186,73189,73191,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73187,73188],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,73190,55],{"class":54},[44,73192,6101],{"class":50},[44,73194,116],{"class":115},[44,73196,26376],{"class":119},[44,73198,123],{"class":115},[44,73200,3111],{"class":77},[44,73202,135],{"class":115},[44,73204,73205],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,73206,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,73208,73209,73211,73213,73215],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,73210,142],{"class":141},[44,73212,123],{"class":115},[44,73214,7948],{"class":119},[44,73216,135],{"class":115},[44,73218,73219,73221,73223,73226],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,73220,142],{"class":141},[44,73222,123],{"class":115},[44,73224,73225],{"class":119},"removed_item",[44,73227,135],{"class":115},[20,73229,155],{},[35,73231,73233],{"className":37,"code":73232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73234,73235,73255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73236,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73238,4027],{"class":115},[44,73240,1338],{"class":58},[44,73242,4207],{"class":62},[44,73244,1338],{"class":58},[44,73246,129],{"class":115},[44,73248,1332],{"class":58},[44,73250,33357],{"class":62},[44,73252,1338],{"class":58},[44,73254,3757],{"class":115},[44,73256,73257],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73258,70537],{"class":50},[20,73260,189,73261,73263],{},[15,73262,55659],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73265,189,73266,73268],{},[15,73267,12902],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73270,73271,73272,116],{},"For more detail, see the ",[200,73273,73274],{"href":55209},"Python list pop() method",[30,73276,73278],{"id":73277},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73280,73281,536,73283,73285],{},[15,73282,55659],{},[15,73284,27160],{}," are also different.",[218,73287,73288,73293,73298,73303],{},[221,73289,73290,73292],{},[15,73291,55659],{}," deletes by matching value",[221,73294,73295,73297],{},[15,73296,27160],{}," deletes by index or slice",[221,73299,189,73300,73302],{},[15,73301,27160],{}," when you know the position",[221,73304,189,73305,73307],{},[15,73306,55659],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73309,1361,73310,790],{},[15,73311,27160],{},[35,73313,73315],{"className":37,"code":73314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73316,73317,73349,73361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73318,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73320,7917],{"class":50},[44,73322,55],{"class":54},[44,73324,3744],{"class":115},[44,73326,112],{"class":58},[44,73328,4207],{"class":62},[44,73330,112],{"class":58},[44,73332,129],{"class":115},[44,73334,59],{"class":58},[44,73336,4216],{"class":62},[44,73338,112],{"class":58},[44,73340,129],{"class":115},[44,73342,59],{"class":58},[44,73344,33357],{"class":62},[44,73346,112],{"class":58},[44,73348,3757],{"class":115},[44,73350,73351,73353,73355,73357,73359],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73352,27160],{"class":4003},[44,73354,6101],{"class":50},[44,73356,4027],{"class":115},[44,73358,3111],{"class":77},[44,73360,3757],{"class":115},[44,73362,73363,73365,73367,73369],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,73364,142],{"class":141},[44,73366,123],{"class":115},[44,73368,7948],{"class":119},[44,73370,135],{"class":115},[20,73372,155],{},[35,73374,73375],{"className":37,"code":73120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,73376,73377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73378,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391,73393,73395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73380,4027],{"class":115},[44,73382,1338],{"class":58},[44,73384,4207],{"class":62},[44,73386,1338],{"class":58},[44,73388,129],{"class":115},[44,73390,1332],{"class":58},[44,73392,33357],{"class":62},[44,73394,1338],{"class":58},[44,73396,3757],{"class":115},[20,73398,73399,73400,73402,73403,73405],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73401,3111],{},", not the value ",[15,73404,65407],{}," directly.",[20,73407,73408,73409,116],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[200,73410,55198],{"href":55197},[30,73412,1467],{"id":1466},[20,73414,21349,73415,790],{},[15,73416,55659],{},[218,73418,73419,73422,73427,73434,73443],{},[221,73420,73421],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[221,73423,1707,73424,73426],{},[15,73425,55659],{}," to delete all matching values",[221,73428,12734,73429,73431,73432],{},[15,73430,55659],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73433,3904],{},[221,73435,8556,73436,44764,73438,3000,73440,73442],{},[15,73437,55659],{},[15,73439,12902],{},[15,73441,27160],{}," would be a better fit",[221,73444,73445],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73447,71637],{},[35,73449,73451],{"className":37,"code":73450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73452,73453,73463,73477,73495,73509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73454,73455,73457,73459,73461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73456,142],{"class":141},[44,73458,123],{"class":115},[44,73460,8477],{"class":119},[44,73462,135],{"class":115},[44,73464,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73466,142],{"class":141},[44,73468,123],{"class":115},[44,73470,2568],{"class":119},[44,73472,887],{"class":4003},[44,73474,8534],{"class":119},[44,73476,135],{"class":115},[44,73478,73479,73481,73483,73485,73487,73489,73491,73493],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,73480,142],{"class":141},[44,73482,123],{"class":115},[44,73484,8477],{"class":119},[44,73486,116],{"class":115},[44,73488,41397],{"class":119},[44,73490,123],{"class":115},[44,73492,379],{"class":119},[44,73494,567],{"class":115},[44,73496,73497,73499,73501,73503,73505,73507],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,73498,142],{"class":141},[44,73500,123],{"class":115},[44,73502,1297],{"class":1296},[44,73504,123],{"class":115},[44,73506,8477],{"class":119},[44,73508,567],{"class":115},[44,73510,73511,73513,73515,73517,73519,73521],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,73512,1934],{"class":141},[44,73514,123],{"class":115},[44,73516,8231],{"class":1296},[44,73518,116],{"class":115},[44,73520,34930],{"class":685},[44,73522,135],{"class":115},[20,73524,73525],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[218,73527,73528,73531,73534,73537],{},[221,73529,73530],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[221,73532,73533],{},"How many times does it appear?",[221,73535,73536],{},"Am I working with a list?",[221,73538,73539],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73541,73542,73543,73545],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[200,73544,71801],{"href":59096}," may also help.",[30,73547,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,73549,73551],{"id":73550},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73553,73554],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1474,73556,73558],{"id":73557},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73560,5280,73561,73563],{},[15,73562,3904],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1474,73565,73567],{"id":73566},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73569,73570,73571,73574,73575,116],{},"Check with ",[15,73572,73573],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73576,55659],{},[1474,73578,73580],{"id":73579},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73582,189,73583,73585,73586,73588],{},[15,73584,55659],{}," for a value and ",[15,73587,12902],{}," for an index.",[30,73590,2019],{"id":2018},[218,73592,73593,73597,73601,73605,73609],{},[221,73594,73595],{},[200,73596,55645],{"href":55197},[221,73598,73599],{},[200,73600,73274],{"href":55209},[221,73602,73603],{},[200,73604,71801],{"href":59096},[221,73606,73607],{},[200,73608,65972],{"href":73009},[221,73610,73611],{},[200,73612,73614],{"href":73613},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2048,73616,73617],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":73619},[73620,73621,73622,73623,73624,73625,73626,73627,73628,73629,73635],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":71946,"depth":69,"text":71947},{"id":5564,"depth":69,"text":5565},{"id":5921,"depth":69,"text":5922},{"id":72399,"depth":69,"text":72400},{"id":65762,"depth":69,"text":65763},{"id":73012,"depth":69,"text":73013},{"id":73277,"depth":69,"text":73278},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":73630},[73631,73632,73633,73634],{"id":73550,"depth":81,"text":73551},{"id":73557,"depth":81,"text":73558},{"id":73566,"depth":81,"text":73567},{"id":73579,"depth":81,"text":73580},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71849,"description":73636},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73643,"title":73644,"body":73645,"description":75536,"extension":2084,"meta":75537,"navigation":84,"path":75538,"seo":75539,"stem":75540,"__hash__":75541},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73646,"toc":75506},[73647,73653,73659,73662,73673,73675,73724,73729,73734,73738,73753,73755,73820,73822,73863,73865,73867,73882,73884,73895,73897,73954,73956,73989,73991,73994,74043,74045,74070,74072,74088,74094,74101,74162,74164,74197,74202,74205,74285,74287,74348,74354,74358,74361,74425,74427,74452,74454,74474,74476,74525,74527,74548,74557,74560,74564,74569,74614,74616,74637,74643,74648,74656,74720,74722,74759,74765,74769,74776,74841,74843,74880,74884,74901,74911,74916,74921,74932,74939,74941,74947,74970,74973,75000,75005,75008,75109,75111,75166,75169,75276,75278,75349,75352,75378,75380,75385,75389,75397,75402,75407,75413,75418,75422,75425,75442,75445,75465,75473,75475,75503],[10,73648,54472,73650,18],{"id":73649},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73651,73652],{},"reverse()",[20,73654,73655,73658],{},[15,73656,73657],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73660,73661],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73663,73664,73665,73667,73668,73672],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73666,73652],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[200,73669,73671],{"href":73670},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[30,73674,3729],{"id":3728},[35,73676,73678],{"className":37,"code":73677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73679,73680,73700,73711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73681,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73683,3739],{"class":50},[44,73685,55],{"class":54},[44,73687,3744],{"class":115},[44,73689,3111],{"class":77},[44,73691,129],{"class":115},[44,73693,3116],{"class":77},[44,73695,129],{"class":115},[44,73697,2573],{"class":77},[44,73699,3757],{"class":115},[44,73701,73702,73704,73706,73709],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73703,3771],{"class":50},[44,73705,116],{"class":115},[44,73707,73708],{"class":119},"reverse",[44,73710,8782],{"class":115},[44,73712,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,73714,142],{"class":141},[44,73716,123],{"class":115},[44,73718,3771],{"class":119},[44,73720,3784],{"class":115},[44,73722,73723],{"class":3787},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73725,73726,73728],{},[15,73727,73652],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[30,73730,3802,73732,3805],{"id":73731},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73733,73657],{},[20,73735,73736,790],{},[15,73737,73657],{},[218,73739,73740,73743,73746,73750],{},[221,73741,73742],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[221,73744,73745],{},"Changes the original list directly",[221,73747,11563,73748],{},[15,73749,3904],{},[221,73751,73752],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73754,238],{},[35,73756,73758],{"className":37,"code":73757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73759,73760,73800,73810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73761,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778,73780,73782,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73763,36227],{"class":50},[44,73765,55],{"class":54},[44,73767,3744],{"class":115},[44,73769,112],{"class":58},[44,73771,200],{"class":62},[44,73773,112],{"class":58},[44,73775,129],{"class":115},[44,73777,59],{"class":58},[44,73779,4891],{"class":62},[44,73781,112],{"class":58},[44,73783,129],{"class":115},[44,73785,59],{"class":58},[44,73787,9878],{"class":62},[44,73789,112],{"class":58},[44,73791,129],{"class":115},[44,73793,59],{"class":58},[44,73795,18905],{"class":62},[44,73797,112],{"class":58},[44,73799,3757],{"class":115},[44,73801,73802,73804,73806,73808],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73803,36280],{"class":50},[44,73805,116],{"class":115},[44,73807,73708],{"class":119},[44,73809,8782],{"class":115},[44,73811,73812,73814,73816,73818],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,73813,142],{"class":141},[44,73815,123],{"class":115},[44,73817,36280],{"class":119},[44,73819,135],{"class":115},[20,73821,155],{},[35,73823,73825],{"className":37,"code":73824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73826,73827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73828,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73830,4027],{"class":115},[44,73832,1338],{"class":58},[44,73834,18905],{"class":62},[44,73836,1338],{"class":58},[44,73838,129],{"class":115},[44,73840,1332],{"class":58},[44,73842,9878],{"class":62},[44,73844,1338],{"class":58},[44,73846,129],{"class":115},[44,73848,1332],{"class":58},[44,73850,4891],{"class":62},[44,73852,1338],{"class":58},[44,73854,129],{"class":115},[44,73856,1332],{"class":58},[44,73858,200],{"class":62},[44,73860,1338],{"class":58},[44,73862,3757],{"class":115},[30,73864,351],{"id":350},[20,73866,2280],{},[35,73868,73870],{"className":37,"code":73869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73871,73872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73873,73874,73876,73878,73880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73875,8477],{"class":50},[44,73877,116],{"class":115},[44,73879,73708],{"class":119},[44,73881,8782],{"class":115},[20,73883,13189],{},[218,73885,73886,73889,73892],{},[221,73887,73888],{},"No arguments are needed",[221,73890,73891],{},"You call it on an existing list",[221,73893,73894],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73896,238],{},[35,73898,73900],{"className":37,"code":73899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73901,73902,73934,73944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73903,73904,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73905,13213],{"class":50},[44,73907,55],{"class":54},[44,73909,3744],{"class":115},[44,73911,112],{"class":58},[44,73913,13230],{"class":62},[44,73915,112],{"class":58},[44,73917,129],{"class":115},[44,73919,59],{"class":58},[44,73921,17592],{"class":62},[44,73923,112],{"class":58},[44,73925,129],{"class":115},[44,73927,59],{"class":58},[44,73929,13247],{"class":62},[44,73931,112],{"class":58},[44,73933,3757],{"class":115},[44,73935,73936,73938,73940,73942],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,73937,17639],{"class":50},[44,73939,116],{"class":115},[44,73941,73708],{"class":119},[44,73943,8782],{"class":115},[44,73945,73946,73948,73950,73952],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,73947,142],{"class":141},[44,73949,123],{"class":115},[44,73951,17639],{"class":119},[44,73953,135],{"class":115},[20,73955,155],{},[35,73957,73959],{"className":37,"code":73958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73960,73961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73962,73963,73965,73967,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985,73987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73964,4027],{"class":115},[44,73966,1338],{"class":58},[44,73968,13247],{"class":62},[44,73970,1338],{"class":58},[44,73972,129],{"class":115},[44,73974,1332],{"class":58},[44,73976,17592],{"class":62},[44,73978,1338],{"class":58},[44,73980,129],{"class":115},[44,73982,1332],{"class":58},[44,73984,13230],{"class":62},[44,73986,1338],{"class":58},[44,73988,3757],{"class":115},[30,73990,11615],{"id":11614},[20,73992,73993],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,73995,73997],{"className":37,"code":73996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73998,73999,74023,74033],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74000,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74002,3739],{"class":50},[44,74004,55],{"class":54},[44,74006,3744],{"class":115},[44,74008,2451],{"class":77},[44,74010,129],{"class":115},[44,74012,7928],{"class":77},[44,74014,129],{"class":115},[44,74016,7933],{"class":77},[44,74018,129],{"class":115},[44,74020,50974],{"class":77},[44,74022,3757],{"class":115},[44,74024,74025,74027,74029,74031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74026,3771],{"class":50},[44,74028,116],{"class":115},[44,74030,73708],{"class":119},[44,74032,8782],{"class":115},[44,74034,74035,74037,74039,74041],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,74036,142],{"class":141},[44,74038,123],{"class":115},[44,74040,3771],{"class":119},[44,74042,135],{"class":115},[20,74044,155],{},[35,74046,74048],{"className":37,"code":74047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74049,74050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74051,74052,74054,74056,74058,74060,74062,74064,74066,74068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74053,4027],{"class":115},[44,74055,56823],{"class":77},[44,74057,129],{"class":115},[44,74059,7933],{"class":77},[44,74061,129],{"class":115},[44,74063,7928],{"class":77},[44,74065,129],{"class":115},[44,74067,6140],{"class":77},[44,74069,3757],{"class":115},[20,74071,11823],{},[218,74073,74074,74080,74085],{},[221,74075,74076,74077],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74078,74079],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[221,74081,74082,74084],{},[15,74083,73652],{}," flips the order",[221,74086,74087],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[30,74089,74091,74093],{"id":74090},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74092,73652],{}," changes the original list",[20,74095,74096,74097,74100],{},"This method is ",[153,74098,74099],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,74102,74104],{"className":37,"code":74103,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74105,74106,74138,74148,74152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74107,74108,74110,74112,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74109,36376],{"class":50},[44,74111,55],{"class":54},[44,74113,3744],{"class":115},[44,74115,112],{"class":58},[44,74117,4207],{"class":62},[44,74119,112],{"class":58},[44,74121,129],{"class":115},[44,74123,59],{"class":58},[44,74125,4216],{"class":62},[44,74127,112],{"class":58},[44,74129,129],{"class":115},[44,74131,59],{"class":58},[44,74133,4225],{"class":62},[44,74135,112],{"class":58},[44,74137,3757],{"class":115},[44,74139,74140,74142,74144,74146],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74141,36428],{"class":50},[44,74143,116],{"class":115},[44,74145,73708],{"class":119},[44,74147,8782],{"class":115},[44,74149,74150],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,74151,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,74153,74154,74156,74158,74160],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,74155,142],{"class":141},[44,74157,123],{"class":115},[44,74159,36428],{"class":119},[44,74161,135],{"class":115},[20,74163,155],{},[35,74165,74167],{"className":37,"code":74166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74168,74169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74170,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183,74185,74187,74189,74191,74193,74195],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74172,4027],{"class":115},[44,74174,1338],{"class":58},[44,74176,4225],{"class":62},[44,74178,1338],{"class":58},[44,74180,129],{"class":115},[44,74182,1332],{"class":58},[44,74184,4216],{"class":62},[44,74186,1338],{"class":58},[44,74188,129],{"class":115},[44,74190,1332],{"class":58},[44,74192,4207],{"class":62},[44,74194,1338],{"class":58},[44,74196,3757],{"class":115},[20,74198,189,74199,74201],{},[15,74200,73652],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74203,74204],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,74206,74208],{"className":37,"code":74207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74209,74210,74242,74260,74264,74274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74211,74212,74214,74216,74218,74220,74222,74224,74226,74228,74230,74232,74234,74236,74238,74240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74213,36376],{"class":50},[44,74215,55],{"class":54},[44,74217,3744],{"class":115},[44,74219,112],{"class":58},[44,74221,4207],{"class":62},[44,74223,112],{"class":58},[44,74225,129],{"class":115},[44,74227,59],{"class":58},[44,74229,4216],{"class":62},[44,74231,112],{"class":58},[44,74233,129],{"class":115},[44,74235,59],{"class":58},[44,74237,4225],{"class":62},[44,74239,112],{"class":58},[44,74241,3757],{"class":115},[44,74243,74244,74247,74249,74251,74254,74256,74258],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74245,74246],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,74248,55],{"class":54},[44,74250,52981],{"class":50},[44,74252,74253],{"class":115},"[::",[44,74255,2142],{"class":54},[44,74257,3111],{"class":77},[44,74259,3757],{"class":115},[44,74261,74262],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,74263,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,74265,74266,74268,74270,74272],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,74267,142],{"class":141},[44,74269,123],{"class":115},[44,74271,36428],{"class":119},[44,74273,135],{"class":115},[44,74275,74276,74278,74280,74283],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,74277,142],{"class":141},[44,74279,123],{"class":115},[44,74281,74282],{"class":119},"reversed_fruits",[44,74284,135],{"class":115},[20,74286,155],{},[35,74288,74290],{"className":37,"code":74289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74291,74292,74320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74293,74294,74296,74298,74300,74302,74304,74306,74308,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74295,4027],{"class":115},[44,74297,1338],{"class":58},[44,74299,4207],{"class":62},[44,74301,1338],{"class":58},[44,74303,129],{"class":115},[44,74305,1332],{"class":58},[44,74307,4216],{"class":62},[44,74309,1338],{"class":58},[44,74311,129],{"class":115},[44,74313,1332],{"class":58},[44,74315,4225],{"class":62},[44,74317,1338],{"class":58},[44,74319,3757],{"class":115},[44,74321,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74323,4027],{"class":115},[44,74325,1338],{"class":58},[44,74327,4225],{"class":62},[44,74329,1338],{"class":58},[44,74331,129],{"class":115},[44,74333,1332],{"class":58},[44,74335,4216],{"class":62},[44,74337,1338],{"class":58},[44,74339,129],{"class":115},[44,74341,1332],{"class":58},[44,74343,4207],{"class":62},[44,74345,1338],{"class":58},[44,74347,3757],{"class":115},[20,74349,74350,74351,116],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[200,74352,74353],{"href":73670},"Python list slicing explained",[30,74355,74357],{"id":74356},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74359,74360],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,74362,74364],{"className":37,"code":74363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74365,74366,74386,74400,74404,74415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74367,74368,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378,74380,74382,74384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74369,3739],{"class":50},[44,74371,55],{"class":54},[44,74373,3744],{"class":115},[44,74375,3111],{"class":77},[44,74377,129],{"class":115},[44,74379,3116],{"class":77},[44,74381,129],{"class":115},[44,74383,2573],{"class":77},[44,74385,3757],{"class":115},[44,74387,74388,74390,74392,74394,74396,74398],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74389,56020],{"class":50},[44,74391,55],{"class":54},[44,74393,4392],{"class":50},[44,74395,116],{"class":115},[44,74397,73708],{"class":119},[44,74399,8782],{"class":115},[44,74401,74402],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,74403,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,74405,74406,74408,74410,74413],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,74407,142],{"class":141},[44,74409,123],{"class":115},[44,74411,74412],{"class":119},"new_list",[44,74414,135],{"class":115},[44,74416,74417,74419,74421,74423],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,74418,142],{"class":141},[44,74420,123],{"class":115},[44,74422,3771],{"class":119},[44,74424,135],{"class":115},[20,74426,155],{},[35,74428,74430],{"className":37,"code":74429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74431,74432,74436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74433,74434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74435,11948],{"class":3978},[44,74437,74438,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448,74450],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74439,4027],{"class":115},[44,74441,2183],{"class":77},[44,74443,129],{"class":115},[44,74445,3116],{"class":77},[44,74447,129],{"class":115},[44,74449,5632],{"class":77},[44,74451,3757],{"class":115},[20,74453,12040],{},[218,74455,74456,74464,74468],{},[221,74457,74458,74460,74461,74463],{},[15,74459,73652],{}," changes ",[15,74462,3771],{}," directly",[221,74465,41043,74466,71970],{},[153,74467,4761],{},[221,74469,53783,74470,42293,74472],{},[15,74471,74412],{},[15,74473,3904],{},[20,74475,62030],{},[35,74477,74479],{"className":37,"code":74478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74480,74481,74501,74511,74515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74482,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493,74495,74497,74499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74484,3739],{"class":50},[44,74486,55],{"class":54},[44,74488,3744],{"class":115},[44,74490,3111],{"class":77},[44,74492,129],{"class":115},[44,74494,3116],{"class":77},[44,74496,129],{"class":115},[44,74498,2573],{"class":77},[44,74500,3757],{"class":115},[44,74502,74503,74505,74507,74509],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74504,3771],{"class":50},[44,74506,116],{"class":115},[44,74508,73708],{"class":119},[44,74510,8782],{"class":115},[44,74512,74513],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,74514,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,74516,74517,74519,74521,74523],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,74518,142],{"class":141},[44,74520,123],{"class":115},[44,74522,3771],{"class":119},[44,74524,135],{"class":115},[20,74526,155],{},[35,74528,74530],{"className":37,"code":74529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74531,74532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74533,74534,74536,74538,74540,74542,74544,74546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74535,4027],{"class":115},[44,74537,2183],{"class":77},[44,74539,129],{"class":115},[44,74541,3116],{"class":77},[44,74543,129],{"class":115},[44,74545,5632],{"class":77},[44,74547,3757],{"class":115},[30,74549,74551,10724,74553,74556],{"id":74550},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74552,73652],{},[15,74554,74555],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74558,74559],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1474,74561,74562],{"id":73708},[15,74563,73652],{},[20,74565,74566,74568],{},[15,74567,73652],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,74570,74572],{"className":37,"code":74571,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74573,74574,74594,74604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74575,74576,74578,74580,74582,74584,74586,74588,74590,74592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74577,3739],{"class":50},[44,74579,55],{"class":54},[44,74581,3744],{"class":115},[44,74583,2183],{"class":77},[44,74585,129],{"class":115},[44,74587,5632],{"class":77},[44,74589,129],{"class":115},[44,74591,3116],{"class":77},[44,74593,3757],{"class":115},[44,74595,74596,74598,74600,74602],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74597,3771],{"class":50},[44,74599,116],{"class":115},[44,74601,73708],{"class":119},[44,74603,8782],{"class":115},[44,74605,74606,74608,74610,74612],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,74607,142],{"class":141},[44,74609,123],{"class":115},[44,74611,3771],{"class":119},[44,74613,135],{"class":115},[20,74615,155],{},[35,74617,74619],{"className":37,"code":74618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74620,74621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74622,74623,74625,74627,74629,74631,74633,74635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74624,4027],{"class":115},[44,74626,2177],{"class":77},[44,74628,129],{"class":115},[44,74630,5632],{"class":77},[44,74632,129],{"class":115},[44,74634,2573],{"class":77},[44,74636,3757],{"class":115},[20,74638,74639,74640,74642],{},"Notice that this is ",[153,74641,4761],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1474,74644,74646],{"id":74645},"sorted",[15,74647,74555],{},[20,74649,74650,74655],{},[200,74651,74653],{"href":74652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74654,74555],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,74657,74659],{"className":37,"code":74658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74660,74661,74681,74696,74700,74710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74662,74663,74665,74667,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74664,3739],{"class":50},[44,74666,55],{"class":54},[44,74668,3744],{"class":115},[44,74670,2183],{"class":77},[44,74672,129],{"class":115},[44,74674,5632],{"class":77},[44,74676,129],{"class":115},[44,74678,3116],{"class":77},[44,74680,3757],{"class":115},[44,74682,74683,74685,74687,74690,74692,74694],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74684,2351],{"class":50},[44,74686,55],{"class":54},[44,74688,74689],{"class":141}," sorted",[44,74691,123],{"class":115},[44,74693,3771],{"class":119},[44,74695,135],{"class":115},[44,74697,74698],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,74699,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,74701,74702,74704,74706,74708],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,74703,142],{"class":141},[44,74705,123],{"class":115},[44,74707,3771],{"class":119},[44,74709,135],{"class":115},[44,74711,74712,74714,74716,74718],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,74713,142],{"class":141},[44,74715,123],{"class":115},[44,74717,2386],{"class":119},[44,74719,135],{"class":115},[20,74721,155],{},[35,74723,74725],{"className":37,"code":74724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74726,74727,74743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74728,74729,74731,74733,74735,74737,74739,74741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74730,4027],{"class":115},[44,74732,2183],{"class":77},[44,74734,129],{"class":115},[44,74736,5632],{"class":77},[44,74738,129],{"class":115},[44,74740,3116],{"class":77},[44,74742,3757],{"class":115},[44,74744,74745,74747,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74746,4027],{"class":115},[44,74748,3111],{"class":77},[44,74750,129],{"class":115},[44,74752,3116],{"class":77},[44,74754,129],{"class":115},[44,74756,2573],{"class":77},[44,74758,3757],{"class":115},[20,74760,74761,74762,116],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74763,74764],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1474,74766,74768],{"id":74767},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74770,74771,74772,74775],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74773,74774],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,74777,74779],{"className":37,"code":74778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74780,74781,74801,74817,74821,74831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74782,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791,74793,74795,74797,74799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74784,3739],{"class":50},[44,74786,55],{"class":54},[44,74788,3744],{"class":115},[44,74790,2183],{"class":77},[44,74792,129],{"class":115},[44,74794,5632],{"class":77},[44,74796,129],{"class":115},[44,74798,3116],{"class":77},[44,74800,3757],{"class":115},[44,74802,74803,74805,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74804,2351],{"class":50},[44,74806,55],{"class":54},[44,74808,4392],{"class":50},[44,74810,74253],{"class":115},[44,74812,2142],{"class":54},[44,74814,3111],{"class":77},[44,74816,3757],{"class":115},[44,74818,74819],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,74820,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,74822,74823,74825,74827,74829],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,74824,142],{"class":141},[44,74826,123],{"class":115},[44,74828,3771],{"class":119},[44,74830,135],{"class":115},[44,74832,74833,74835,74837,74839],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,74834,142],{"class":141},[44,74836,123],{"class":115},[44,74838,2386],{"class":119},[44,74840,135],{"class":115},[20,74842,155],{},[35,74844,74846],{"className":37,"code":74845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74847,74848,74864],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74849,74850,74852,74854,74856,74858,74860,74862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74851,4027],{"class":115},[44,74853,2183],{"class":77},[44,74855,129],{"class":115},[44,74857,5632],{"class":77},[44,74859,129],{"class":115},[44,74861,3116],{"class":77},[44,74863,3757],{"class":115},[44,74865,74866,74868,74870,74872,74874,74876,74878],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74867,4027],{"class":115},[44,74869,2177],{"class":77},[44,74871,129],{"class":115},[44,74873,5632],{"class":77},[44,74875,129],{"class":115},[44,74877,2573],{"class":77},[44,74879,3757],{"class":115},[1474,74881,74883],{"id":74882},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[218,74885,74886,74891,74896],{},[221,74887,189,74888,74890],{},[15,74889,73652],{}," when you want to change the original list",[221,74892,189,74893,74895],{},[15,74894,74774],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[221,74897,189,74898,74900],{},[15,74899,74555],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74902,74903,74904,74910],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[200,74905,74907,74908,10880],{"href":74906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74909,64444],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[30,74912,5092,74914],{"id":74913},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74915,73652],{},[20,74917,74918,74920],{},[15,74919,73652],{}," is a good choice:",[218,74922,74923,74926,74929],{},[221,74924,74925],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[221,74927,74928],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[221,74930,74931],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74933,74934,74935,116],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[200,74936,74938],{"href":74937},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[30,74940,1467],{"id":1466},[20,74942,74943,74944,74946],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74945,73652],{}," for these reasons:",[218,74948,74949,74953,74958,74963],{},[221,74950,12734,74951,12737],{},[15,74952,73652],{},[221,74954,1707,74955,74957],{},[15,74956,73652],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[221,74959,8556,74960,74962],{},[15,74961,73652],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[221,74964,37341,74965,8844,74967],{},[15,74966,73652],{},[15,74968,74969],{},"reversed()",[20,74971,74972],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,74974,74976],{"className":37,"code":74975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74977,74978,74990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74979,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74981,248],{"class":50},[44,74983,55],{"class":54},[44,74985,59],{"class":58},[44,74987,3971],{"class":62},[44,74989,66],{"class":58},[44,74991,74992,74994,74996,74998],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,74993,308],{"class":50},[44,74995,116],{"class":115},[44,74997,73708],{"class":119},[44,74999,8782],{"class":115},[20,75001,75002,75003,33737],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,75004,73652],{},[20,75006,75007],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,75009,75011],{"className":37,"code":75010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75012,75013,75033,75037,75047,75061,75065,75079,75089,75093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75014,75015,75017,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75016,8446],{"class":50},[44,75018,55],{"class":54},[44,75020,3744],{"class":115},[44,75022,3111],{"class":77},[44,75024,129],{"class":115},[44,75026,3116],{"class":77},[44,75028,129],{"class":115},[44,75030,2573],{"class":77},[44,75032,3757],{"class":115},[44,75034,75035],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75036,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,75038,75039,75041,75043,75045],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,75040,142],{"class":141},[44,75042,123],{"class":115},[44,75044,8477],{"class":119},[44,75046,135],{"class":115},[44,75048,75049,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,75050,142],{"class":141},[44,75052,123],{"class":115},[44,75054,1297],{"class":1296},[44,75056,123],{"class":115},[44,75058,8477],{"class":119},[44,75060,567],{"class":115},[44,75062,75063],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,75064,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,75066,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,75068,2351],{"class":50},[44,75070,55],{"class":54},[44,75072,8534],{"class":50},[44,75074,116],{"class":115},[44,75076,73708],{"class":119},[44,75078,8782],{"class":115},[44,75080,75081,75083,75085,75087],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,75082,142],{"class":141},[44,75084,123],{"class":115},[44,75086,2386],{"class":119},[44,75088,135],{"class":115},[44,75090,75091],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,75092,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,75094,75095,75097,75099,75101,75103,75105,75107],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,75096,142],{"class":141},[44,75098,123],{"class":115},[44,75100,8477],{"class":119},[44,75102,74253],{"class":115},[44,75104,2142],{"class":54},[44,75106,3111],{"class":77},[44,75108,4015],{"class":115},[20,75110,155],{},[35,75112,75114],{"className":37,"code":75113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75115,75116,75132,75146,75150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75117,75118,75120,75122,75124,75126,75128,75130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75119,4027],{"class":115},[44,75121,3111],{"class":77},[44,75123,129],{"class":115},[44,75125,3116],{"class":77},[44,75127,129],{"class":115},[44,75129,2573],{"class":77},[44,75131,3757],{"class":115},[44,75133,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75135,1326],{"class":54},[44,75137,1329],{"class":1075},[44,75139,1332],{"class":58},[44,75141,8231],{"class":62},[44,75143,1338],{"class":58},[44,75145,1341],{"class":54},[44,75147,75148],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,75149,11948],{"class":3978},[44,75151,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162,75164],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,75153,4027],{"class":115},[44,75155,3111],{"class":77},[44,75157,129],{"class":115},[44,75159,3116],{"class":77},[44,75161,129],{"class":115},[44,75163,5632],{"class":77},[44,75165,3757],{"class":115},[20,75167,75168],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,75170,75172],{"className":37,"code":75171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75173,75174,75194,75198,75208,75222,75226,75240,75250,75260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75175,75176,75178,75180,75182,75184,75186,75188,75190,75192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75177,8446],{"class":50},[44,75179,55],{"class":54},[44,75181,3744],{"class":115},[44,75183,3111],{"class":77},[44,75185,129],{"class":115},[44,75187,3116],{"class":77},[44,75189,129],{"class":115},[44,75191,2573],{"class":77},[44,75193,3757],{"class":115},[44,75195,75196],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75197,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,75199,75200,75202,75204,75206],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,75201,142],{"class":141},[44,75203,123],{"class":115},[44,75205,8477],{"class":119},[44,75207,135],{"class":115},[44,75209,75210,75212,75214,75216,75218,75220],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,75211,142],{"class":141},[44,75213,123],{"class":115},[44,75215,1297],{"class":1296},[44,75217,123],{"class":115},[44,75219,8477],{"class":119},[44,75221,567],{"class":115},[44,75223,75224],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,75225,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,75227,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,75229,2351],{"class":50},[44,75231,55],{"class":54},[44,75233,8534],{"class":50},[44,75235,116],{"class":115},[44,75237,73708],{"class":119},[44,75239,8782],{"class":115},[44,75241,75242,75244,75246,75248],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,75243,142],{"class":141},[44,75245,123],{"class":115},[44,75247,2386],{"class":119},[44,75249,135],{"class":115},[44,75251,75252,75254,75256,75258],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,75253,142],{"class":141},[44,75255,123],{"class":115},[44,75257,8477],{"class":119},[44,75259,135],{"class":115},[44,75261,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270,75272,75274],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,75263,142],{"class":141},[44,75265,123],{"class":115},[44,75267,8477],{"class":119},[44,75269,74253],{"class":115},[44,75271,2142],{"class":54},[44,75273,3111],{"class":77},[44,75275,4015],{"class":115},[20,75277,155],{},[35,75279,75281],{"className":37,"code":75280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75282,75283,75299,75313,75317,75333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75284,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75286,4027],{"class":115},[44,75288,3111],{"class":77},[44,75290,129],{"class":115},[44,75292,3116],{"class":77},[44,75294,129],{"class":115},[44,75296,2573],{"class":77},[44,75298,3757],{"class":115},[44,75300,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75302,1326],{"class":54},[44,75304,1329],{"class":1075},[44,75306,1332],{"class":58},[44,75308,8231],{"class":62},[44,75310,1338],{"class":58},[44,75312,1341],{"class":54},[44,75314,75315],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,75316,11948],{"class":3978},[44,75318,75319,75321,75323,75325,75327,75329,75331],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,75320,4027],{"class":115},[44,75322,2183],{"class":77},[44,75324,129],{"class":115},[44,75326,3116],{"class":77},[44,75328,129],{"class":115},[44,75330,5632],{"class":77},[44,75332,3757],{"class":115},[44,75334,75335,75337,75339,75341,75343,75345,75347],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,75336,4027],{"class":115},[44,75338,3111],{"class":77},[44,75340,129],{"class":115},[44,75342,3116],{"class":77},[44,75344,129],{"class":115},[44,75346,2573],{"class":77},[44,75348,3757],{"class":115},[20,75350,75351],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[218,75353,75354,75363,75372],{},[221,75355,27931,75356,75359,75360],{},[15,75357,75358],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75361,75362],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[221,75364,12056,75365,75368,75369,22695],{},[15,75366,75367],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[153,75370,75371],{},"current",[221,75373,75374,75375],{},"So it prints ",[15,75376,75377],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[30,75379,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,75381,12844,75383,55599],{"id":75382},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75384,73657],{},[20,75386,62735,75387,116],{},[15,75388,3904],{},[1474,75390,34342,75392,34345,75394,1995],{"id":75391},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75393,73652],{},[15,75395,75396],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75398,75399,75401],{},[15,75400,73652],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75403,75404,75406],{},[15,75405,75396],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1474,75408,28464,75410,75412],{"id":75409},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75411,73652],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75414,46498,75415,75417],{},[15,75416,73652],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1474,75419,75421],{"id":75420},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75423,75424],{},"Use slicing:",[35,75426,75428],{"className":37,"code":75427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75429,75430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75431,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75433,8477],{"class":50},[44,75435,74253],{"class":115},[44,75437,2142],{"class":54},[44,75439,3111],{"class":77},[44,75441,3757],{"class":115},[20,75443,75444],{},"Or use:",[35,75446,75448],{"className":37,"code":75447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75449,75450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75451,75452,75454,75456,75459,75461,75463],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75453,8231],{"class":1296},[44,75455,123],{"class":115},[44,75457,75458],{"class":141},"reversed",[44,75460,123],{"class":115},[44,75462,8477],{"class":119},[44,75464,567],{"class":115},[20,75466,75467,75468,75472],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[200,75469,55650,75470],{"href":55090},[15,75471,12916],{}," can also help.",[30,75474,2019],{"id":2018},[218,75476,75477,75483,75489,75493,75497],{},[221,75478,75479],{},[200,75480,55650,75481,10880],{"href":74906},[15,75482,64444],{},[221,75484,75485],{},[200,75486,1013,75487,1017],{"href":74652},[15,75488,74555],{},[221,75490,75491],{},[200,75492,74938],{"href":74937},[221,75494,75495],{},[200,75496,74353],{"href":73670},[221,75498,75499],{},[200,75500,55650,75501,10880],{"href":55090},[15,75502,12916],{},[2048,75504,75505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":75507},[75508,75509,75511,75512,75513,75515,75516,75523,75525,75526,75535],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":73731,"depth":69,"text":75510},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":74090,"depth":69,"text":75514},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74356,"depth":69,"text":74357},{"id":74550,"depth":69,"text":75517,"children":75518},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75519,75520,75521,75522],{"id":73708,"depth":81,"text":73652},{"id":74645,"depth":81,"text":74555},{"id":74767,"depth":81,"text":74768},{"id":74882,"depth":81,"text":74883},{"id":74913,"depth":69,"text":75524},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":75527},[75528,75530,75532,75534],{"id":75382,"depth":81,"text":75529},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75391,"depth":81,"text":75531},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75409,"depth":81,"text":75533},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75420,"depth":81,"text":75421},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73644,"description":75536},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75543,"title":75544,"body":75545,"description":77978,"extension":2084,"meta":77979,"navigation":84,"path":77980,"seo":77981,"stem":77982,"__hash__":77983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75546,"toc":77946},[75547,75550,75562,75565,75588,75596,75598,75710,75719,75723,75726,75729,75816,75818,75851,75853,75876,75882,75886,75889,75911,75913,75930,75933,75953,75955,76065,76067,76144,76148,76151,76194,76196,76329,76331,76433,76438,76442,76445,76447,76461,76464,76578,76580,76654,76656,76684,76688,76693,76723,76726,76852,76854,76936,76942,76946,76948,76987,76996,77000,77003,77007,77054,77056,77064,77068,77119,77121,77134,77136,77150,77153,77161,77163,77210,77212,77220,77223,77266,77271,77274,77277,77300,77304,77355,77358,77379,77389,77393,77395,77425,77428,77451,77455,77458,77525,77527,77564,77567,77575,77642,77644,77681,77687,77694,77698,77701,77731,77736,77740,77743,77767,77770,77864,77874,77876,77880,77883,77887,77890,77895,77898,77904,77907,77909,77937,77943],[10,75548,75544],{"id":75549},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75551,75552,75553,2310,75555,17210,75558,75561],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75554,36209],{},[15,75556,75557],{},"stop",[15,75559,75560],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75563,75564],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,75566,75568],{"className":37,"code":75567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75569,75570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75571,75572,75574,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75573,8477],{"class":50},[44,75575,4027],{"class":115},[44,75577,36209],{"class":50},[44,75579,790],{"class":115},[44,75581,75557],{"class":50},[44,75583,790],{"class":115},[44,75585,75560],{"class":50},[44,75587,3757],{"class":115},[20,75589,75590,75591,75593,75594,116],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75592,75557],{}," position is ",[153,75595,65202],{},[30,75597,33],{"id":32},[35,75599,75601],{"className":37,"code":75600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75602,75603,75631,75635,75656,75674,75691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75604,75605,75607,75609,75611,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75606,3739],{"class":50},[44,75608,55],{"class":54},[44,75610,3744],{"class":115},[44,75612,2451],{"class":77},[44,75614,129],{"class":115},[44,75616,7928],{"class":77},[44,75618,129],{"class":115},[44,75620,7933],{"class":77},[44,75622,129],{"class":115},[44,75624,50974],{"class":77},[44,75626,129],{"class":115},[44,75628,5212],{"class":77},[44,75630,3757],{"class":115},[44,75632,75633],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75634,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,75636,75637,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,75638,142],{"class":141},[44,75640,123],{"class":115},[44,75642,3771],{"class":119},[44,75644,4027],{"class":115},[44,75646,3111],{"class":77},[44,75648,790],{"class":115},[44,75650,2626],{"class":77},[44,75652,20583],{"class":115},[44,75654,75655],{"class":3787},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,75657,75658,75660,75662,75664,75667,75669,75671],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,75659,142],{"class":141},[44,75661,123],{"class":115},[44,75663,3771],{"class":119},[44,75665,75666],{"class":115},"[:",[44,75668,2183],{"class":77},[44,75670,20583],{"class":115},[44,75672,75673],{"class":3787},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,75675,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,75677,142],{"class":141},[44,75679,123],{"class":115},[44,75681,3771],{"class":119},[44,75683,74253],{"class":115},[44,75685,2177],{"class":77},[44,75687,20583],{"class":115},[44,75689,75690],{"class":3787},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,75692,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,75694,142],{"class":141},[44,75696,123],{"class":115},[44,75698,3771],{"class":119},[44,75700,74253],{"class":115},[44,75702,2142],{"class":54},[44,75704,3111],{"class":77},[44,75706,20583],{"class":115},[44,75708,75709],{"class":3787},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75711,189,75712,75715,75716,75718],{},[15,75713,75714],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75717,75557],{}," value is not included.",[30,75720,75722],{"id":75721},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75724,75725],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75727,75728],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,75730,75732],{"className":37,"code":75731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75733,75734,75782,75786,75805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75735,75736,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750,75752,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75737,36227],{"class":50},[44,75739,55],{"class":54},[44,75741,3744],{"class":115},[44,75743,112],{"class":58},[44,75745,200],{"class":62},[44,75747,112],{"class":58},[44,75749,129],{"class":115},[44,75751,59],{"class":58},[44,75753,4891],{"class":62},[44,75755,112],{"class":58},[44,75757,129],{"class":115},[44,75759,59],{"class":58},[44,75761,9878],{"class":62},[44,75763,112],{"class":58},[44,75765,129],{"class":115},[44,75767,59],{"class":58},[44,75769,18905],{"class":62},[44,75771,112],{"class":58},[44,75773,129],{"class":115},[44,75775,59],{"class":58},[44,75777,60579],{"class":62},[44,75779,112],{"class":58},[44,75781,3757],{"class":115},[44,75783,75784],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75785,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,75787,75788,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,75789,75790],{"class":50},"part ",[44,75792,55],{"class":54},[44,75794,70227],{"class":50},[44,75796,4027],{"class":115},[44,75798,3111],{"class":77},[44,75800,790],{"class":115},[44,75802,2626],{"class":77},[44,75804,3757],{"class":115},[44,75806,75807,75809,75811,75814],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,75808,142],{"class":141},[44,75810,123],{"class":115},[44,75812,75813],{"class":119},"part",[44,75815,135],{"class":115},[20,75817,155],{},[35,75819,75821],{"className":37,"code":75820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75822,75823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75824,75825,75827,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845,75847,75849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75826,4027],{"class":115},[44,75828,1338],{"class":58},[44,75830,4891],{"class":62},[44,75832,1338],{"class":58},[44,75834,129],{"class":115},[44,75836,1332],{"class":58},[44,75838,9878],{"class":62},[44,75840,1338],{"class":58},[44,75842,129],{"class":115},[44,75844,1332],{"class":58},[44,75846,18905],{"class":62},[44,75848,1338],{"class":58},[44,75850,3757],{"class":115},[20,75852,13189],{},[218,75854,75855,75858,75861,75867,75873],{},[221,75856,75857],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[221,75859,75860],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[221,75862,75863,75864],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75865,75866],{},"list[start:stop]",[221,75868,75869,75870,75872],{},"The item at ",[15,75871,75557],{}," is not included",[221,75874,75875],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75877,75878,75879,116],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[200,75880,75881],{"href":51109},"beginner guide to Python lists",[30,75883,75885],{"id":75884},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75887,75888],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,75890,75891],{"className":37,"code":75567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,75892,75893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75894,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75896,8477],{"class":50},[44,75898,4027],{"class":115},[44,75900,36209],{"class":50},[44,75902,790],{"class":115},[44,75904,75557],{"class":50},[44,75906,790],{"class":115},[44,75908,75560],{"class":50},[44,75910,3757],{"class":115},[20,75912,65178],{},[218,75914,75915,75920,75925],{},[221,75916,75917,75919],{},[15,75918,36209],{}," is where slicing begins",[221,75921,75922,75924],{},[15,75923,75557],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[221,75926,75927,75929],{},[15,75928,75560],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75931,75932],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[218,75934,75935,75941,75946],{},[221,75936,75937,75938,75940],{},"Missing ",[15,75939,36209],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[221,75942,75937,75943,75945],{},[15,75944,75557],{}," means go to the end of the list",[221,75947,75937,75948,75950,75951],{},[15,75949,75560],{}," means use ",[15,75952,3111],{},[20,75954,238],{},[35,75956,75958],{"className":37,"code":75957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75959,75960,75988,75992,76013,76030,76048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75961,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974,75976,75978,75980,75982,75984,75986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75963,3739],{"class":50},[44,75965,55],{"class":54},[44,75967,3744],{"class":115},[44,75969,2451],{"class":77},[44,75971,129],{"class":115},[44,75973,7928],{"class":77},[44,75975,129],{"class":115},[44,75977,7933],{"class":77},[44,75979,129],{"class":115},[44,75981,50974],{"class":77},[44,75983,129],{"class":115},[44,75985,5212],{"class":77},[44,75987,3757],{"class":115},[44,75989,75990],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,75991,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,75993,75994,75996,75998,76000,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,75995,142],{"class":141},[44,75997,123],{"class":115},[44,75999,3771],{"class":119},[44,76001,4027],{"class":115},[44,76003,3111],{"class":77},[44,76005,790],{"class":115},[44,76007,2626],{"class":77},[44,76009,20583],{"class":115},[44,76011,76012],{"class":3787},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,76014,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,76016,142],{"class":141},[44,76018,123],{"class":115},[44,76020,3771],{"class":119},[44,76022,75666],{"class":115},[44,76024,2183],{"class":77},[44,76026,20583],{"class":115},[44,76028,76029],{"class":3787},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,76031,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76045],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,76033,142],{"class":141},[44,76035,123],{"class":115},[44,76037,3771],{"class":119},[44,76039,4027],{"class":115},[44,76041,2177],{"class":77},[44,76043,76044],{"class":115},":])",[44,76046,76047],{"class":3787},"    # go to the end\n",[44,76049,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,76051,142],{"class":141},[44,76053,123],{"class":115},[44,76055,3771],{"class":119},[44,76057,74253],{"class":115},[44,76059,3111],{"class":77},[44,76061,20583],{"class":115},[44,76063,76064],{"class":3787},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76066,155],{},[35,76068,76070],{"className":37,"code":76069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76071,76072,76088,76104,76120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76073,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76075,4027],{"class":115},[44,76077,15892],{"class":77},[44,76079,129],{"class":115},[44,76081,7933],{"class":77},[44,76083,129],{"class":115},[44,76085,50974],{"class":77},[44,76087,3757],{"class":115},[44,76089,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76091,4027],{"class":115},[44,76093,2451],{"class":77},[44,76095,129],{"class":115},[44,76097,7928],{"class":77},[44,76099,129],{"class":115},[44,76101,7933],{"class":77},[44,76103,3757],{"class":115},[44,76105,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,76107,4027],{"class":115},[44,76109,36979],{"class":77},[44,76111,129],{"class":115},[44,76113,50974],{"class":77},[44,76115,129],{"class":115},[44,76117,5212],{"class":77},[44,76119,3757],{"class":115},[44,76121,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,76123,4027],{"class":115},[44,76125,2451],{"class":77},[44,76127,129],{"class":115},[44,76129,7928],{"class":77},[44,76131,129],{"class":115},[44,76133,7933],{"class":77},[44,76135,129],{"class":115},[44,76137,50974],{"class":77},[44,76139,129],{"class":115},[44,76141,5212],{"class":77},[44,76143,3757],{"class":115},[30,76145,76147],{"id":76146},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76149,76150],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[218,76152,76153,76162,76171,76182,76188],{},[221,76154,76155,76158,76159,6101],{},[15,76156,76157],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76160,76161],{},"n",[221,76163,76164,76167,76168,76170],{},[15,76165,76166],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76169,76161],{}," to the end",[221,76172,76173,76176,76177,76179,76180],{},[15,76174,76175],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76178,200],{}," up to ",[15,76181,4891],{},[221,76183,76184,76187],{},[15,76185,76186],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[221,76189,76190,76193],{},[15,76191,76192],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76195,238],{},[35,76197,76199],{"className":37,"code":76198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76200,76201,76234,76238,76255,76272,76293,76310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76202,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76204,3739],{"class":50},[44,76206,55],{"class":54},[44,76208,3744],{"class":115},[44,76210,2451],{"class":77},[44,76212,129],{"class":115},[44,76214,7928],{"class":77},[44,76216,129],{"class":115},[44,76218,7933],{"class":77},[44,76220,129],{"class":115},[44,76222,50974],{"class":77},[44,76224,129],{"class":115},[44,76226,5212],{"class":77},[44,76228,129],{"class":115},[44,76230,76231],{"class":77}," 60",[44,76233,3757],{"class":115},[44,76235,76236],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76237,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,76239,76240,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,76241,142],{"class":141},[44,76243,123],{"class":115},[44,76245,3771],{"class":119},[44,76247,75666],{"class":115},[44,76249,2183],{"class":77},[44,76251,20583],{"class":115},[44,76253,76254],{"class":3787},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,76256,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267,76269],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,76258,142],{"class":141},[44,76260,123],{"class":115},[44,76262,3771],{"class":119},[44,76264,4027],{"class":115},[44,76266,2183],{"class":77},[44,76268,76044],{"class":115},[44,76270,76271],{"class":3787},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,76273,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,76275,142],{"class":141},[44,76277,123],{"class":115},[44,76279,3771],{"class":119},[44,76281,4027],{"class":115},[44,76283,3111],{"class":77},[44,76285,790],{"class":115},[44,76287,2257],{"class":77},[44,76289,20583],{"class":115},[44,76291,76292],{"class":3787},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,76294,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,76296,142],{"class":141},[44,76298,123],{"class":115},[44,76300,3771],{"class":119},[44,76302,74253],{"class":115},[44,76304,2177],{"class":77},[44,76306,20583],{"class":115},[44,76308,76309],{"class":3787},"   # every second item\n",[44,76311,76312,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,76313,142],{"class":141},[44,76315,123],{"class":115},[44,76317,3771],{"class":119},[44,76319,74253],{"class":115},[44,76321,2142],{"class":54},[44,76323,3111],{"class":77},[44,76325,20583],{"class":115},[44,76327,76328],{"class":3787},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76330,155],{},[35,76332,76334],{"className":37,"code":76333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76335,76336,76352,76368,76388,76404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76337,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348,76350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76339,4027],{"class":115},[44,76341,2451],{"class":77},[44,76343,129],{"class":115},[44,76345,7928],{"class":77},[44,76347,129],{"class":115},[44,76349,7933],{"class":77},[44,76351,3757],{"class":115},[44,76353,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76355,4027],{"class":115},[44,76357,56823],{"class":77},[44,76359,129],{"class":115},[44,76361,5212],{"class":77},[44,76363,129],{"class":115},[44,76365,76231],{"class":77},[44,76367,3757],{"class":115},[44,76369,76370,76372,76374,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,76371,4027],{"class":115},[44,76373,15892],{"class":77},[44,76375,129],{"class":115},[44,76377,7933],{"class":77},[44,76379,129],{"class":115},[44,76381,50974],{"class":77},[44,76383,129],{"class":115},[44,76385,5212],{"class":77},[44,76387,3757],{"class":115},[44,76389,76390,76392,76394,76396,76398,76400,76402],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,76391,4027],{"class":115},[44,76393,2451],{"class":77},[44,76395,129],{"class":115},[44,76397,7933],{"class":77},[44,76399,129],{"class":115},[44,76401,5212],{"class":77},[44,76403,3757],{"class":115},[44,76405,76406,76408,76411,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,76407,4027],{"class":115},[44,76409,76410],{"class":77},"60",[44,76412,129],{"class":115},[44,76414,5212],{"class":77},[44,76416,129],{"class":115},[44,76418,50974],{"class":77},[44,76420,129],{"class":115},[44,76422,7933],{"class":77},[44,76424,129],{"class":115},[44,76426,7928],{"class":77},[44,76428,129],{"class":115},[44,76430,6140],{"class":77},[44,76432,3757],{"class":115},[20,76434,76435,76436,116],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[200,76437,15026],{"href":57350},[30,76439,76441],{"id":76440},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76443,76444],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76446,5606],{},[218,76448,76449,76455],{},[221,76450,76451,76454],{},[15,76452,76453],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[221,76456,76457,76460],{},[15,76458,76459],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76462,76463],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,76465,76467],{"className":37,"code":76466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76468,76469,76517,76521,76540,76559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76470,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76472,36227],{"class":50},[44,76474,55],{"class":54},[44,76476,3744],{"class":115},[44,76478,112],{"class":58},[44,76480,200],{"class":62},[44,76482,112],{"class":58},[44,76484,129],{"class":115},[44,76486,59],{"class":58},[44,76488,4891],{"class":62},[44,76490,112],{"class":58},[44,76492,129],{"class":115},[44,76494,59],{"class":58},[44,76496,9878],{"class":62},[44,76498,112],{"class":58},[44,76500,129],{"class":115},[44,76502,59],{"class":58},[44,76504,18905],{"class":62},[44,76506,112],{"class":58},[44,76508,129],{"class":115},[44,76510,59],{"class":58},[44,76512,60579],{"class":62},[44,76514,112],{"class":58},[44,76516,3757],{"class":115},[44,76518,76519],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76520,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,76522,76523,76525,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,76524,142],{"class":141},[44,76526,123],{"class":115},[44,76528,36280],{"class":119},[44,76530,4027],{"class":115},[44,76532,2142],{"class":54},[44,76534,3111],{"class":77},[44,76536,20583],{"class":115},[44,76538,76539],{"class":3787},"    # last item\n",[44,76541,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,76543,142],{"class":141},[44,76545,123],{"class":115},[44,76547,36280],{"class":119},[44,76549,4027],{"class":115},[44,76551,2142],{"class":54},[44,76553,2183],{"class":77},[44,76555,76044],{"class":115},[44,76557,76558],{"class":3787},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,76560,76561,76563,76565,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,76562,142],{"class":141},[44,76564,123],{"class":115},[44,76566,36280],{"class":119},[44,76568,75666],{"class":115},[44,76570,2142],{"class":54},[44,76572,3111],{"class":77},[44,76574,20583],{"class":115},[44,76576,76577],{"class":3787},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76579,155],{},[35,76581,76583],{"className":37,"code":76582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76584,76585,76590,76618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76586,76587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76588,76589],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,76591,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602,76604,76606,76608,76610,76612,76614,76616],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76593,4027],{"class":115},[44,76595,1338],{"class":58},[44,76597,9878],{"class":62},[44,76599,1338],{"class":58},[44,76601,129],{"class":115},[44,76603,1332],{"class":58},[44,76605,18905],{"class":62},[44,76607,1338],{"class":58},[44,76609,129],{"class":115},[44,76611,1332],{"class":58},[44,76613,60579],{"class":62},[44,76615,1338],{"class":58},[44,76617,3757],{"class":115},[44,76619,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,76621,4027],{"class":115},[44,76623,1338],{"class":58},[44,76625,200],{"class":62},[44,76627,1338],{"class":58},[44,76629,129],{"class":115},[44,76631,1332],{"class":58},[44,76633,4891],{"class":62},[44,76635,1338],{"class":58},[44,76637,129],{"class":115},[44,76639,1332],{"class":58},[44,76641,9878],{"class":62},[44,76643,1338],{"class":58},[44,76645,129],{"class":115},[44,76647,1332],{"class":58},[44,76649,18905],{"class":62},[44,76651,1338],{"class":58},[44,76653,3757],{"class":115},[20,76655,13189],{},[218,76657,76658,76661,76665,76671,76677],{},[221,76659,76660],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[221,76662,76663,76454],{},[15,76664,76453],{},[221,76666,76667,76670],{},[15,76668,76669],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[221,76672,76673,76676],{},[15,76674,76675],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[221,76678,76679,76680,536,76682],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76681,36209],{},[15,76683,75557],{},[30,76685,76687],{"id":76686},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76689,213,76690,76692],{},[15,76691,75560],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[218,76694,76695,76698,76701,76706,76716],{},[221,76696,76697],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[221,76699,76700],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[221,76702,76703,76705],{},[15,76704,76192],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[221,76707,9015,76708,76710,76711,76713,76714],{},[15,76709,75560],{}," is negative, ",[15,76712,36209],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76715,75557],{},[221,76717,76718,76720,76721],{},[15,76719,75560],{}," cannot be ",[15,76722,2240],{},[20,76724,76725],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,76727,76729],{"className":37,"code":76728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76730,76731,76763,76767,76784,76806,76825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76732,76733,76735,76737,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749,76751,76753,76755,76757,76759,76761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76734,3739],{"class":50},[44,76736,55],{"class":54},[44,76738,3744],{"class":115},[44,76740,2451],{"class":77},[44,76742,129],{"class":115},[44,76744,7928],{"class":77},[44,76746,129],{"class":115},[44,76748,7933],{"class":77},[44,76750,129],{"class":115},[44,76752,50974],{"class":77},[44,76754,129],{"class":115},[44,76756,5212],{"class":77},[44,76758,129],{"class":115},[44,76760,76231],{"class":77},[44,76762,3757],{"class":115},[44,76764,76765],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76766,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,76768,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,76770,142],{"class":141},[44,76772,123],{"class":115},[44,76774,3771],{"class":119},[44,76776,74253],{"class":115},[44,76778,2177],{"class":77},[44,76780,20583],{"class":115},[44,76782,76783],{"class":3787},"     # every second item\n",[44,76785,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794,76796,76799,76801,76803],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,76787,142],{"class":141},[44,76789,123],{"class":115},[44,76791,3771],{"class":119},[44,76793,4027],{"class":115},[44,76795,3111],{"class":77},[44,76797,76798],{"class":115},"::",[44,76800,2177],{"class":77},[44,76802,20583],{"class":115},[44,76804,76805],{"class":3787},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,76807,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,76809,142],{"class":141},[44,76811,123],{"class":115},[44,76813,3771],{"class":119},[44,76815,74253],{"class":115},[44,76817,2142],{"class":54},[44,76819,3111],{"class":77},[44,76821,20583],{"class":115},[44,76823,76824],{"class":3787},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,76826,76827,76829,76831,76833,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,76828,142],{"class":141},[44,76830,123],{"class":115},[44,76832,3771],{"class":119},[44,76834,4027],{"class":115},[44,76836,2626],{"class":77},[44,76838,790],{"class":115},[44,76840,3111],{"class":77},[44,76842,790],{"class":115},[44,76844,2142],{"class":54},[44,76846,3111],{"class":77},[44,76848,20583],{"class":115},[44,76850,76851],{"class":3787},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76853,155],{},[35,76855,76857],{"className":37,"code":76856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76858,76859,76875,76891,76919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76860,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76862,4027],{"class":115},[44,76864,2451],{"class":77},[44,76866,129],{"class":115},[44,76868,7933],{"class":77},[44,76870,129],{"class":115},[44,76872,5212],{"class":77},[44,76874,3757],{"class":115},[44,76876,76877,76879,76881,76883,76885,76887,76889],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76878,4027],{"class":115},[44,76880,15892],{"class":77},[44,76882,129],{"class":115},[44,76884,50974],{"class":77},[44,76886,129],{"class":115},[44,76888,76231],{"class":77},[44,76890,3757],{"class":115},[44,76892,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913,76915,76917],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,76894,4027],{"class":115},[44,76896,76410],{"class":77},[44,76898,129],{"class":115},[44,76900,5212],{"class":77},[44,76902,129],{"class":115},[44,76904,50974],{"class":77},[44,76906,129],{"class":115},[44,76908,7933],{"class":77},[44,76910,129],{"class":115},[44,76912,7928],{"class":77},[44,76914,129],{"class":115},[44,76916,6140],{"class":77},[44,76918,3757],{"class":115},[44,76920,76921,76923,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,76922,4027],{"class":115},[44,76924,76925],{"class":77},"50",[44,76927,129],{"class":115},[44,76929,50974],{"class":77},[44,76931,129],{"class":115},[44,76933,7933],{"class":77},[44,76935,3757],{"class":115},[20,76937,76938,76939,116],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[200,76940,76941],{"href":74937},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1474,76943,76945],{"id":76944},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76947,2958],{},[35,76949,76951],{"className":37,"code":76950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76952,76953,76973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76954,76955,76957,76959,76961,76963,76965,76967,76969,76971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76956,3739],{"class":50},[44,76958,55],{"class":54},[44,76960,3744],{"class":115},[44,76962,3111],{"class":77},[44,76964,129],{"class":115},[44,76966,3116],{"class":77},[44,76968,129],{"class":115},[44,76970,2573],{"class":77},[44,76972,3757],{"class":115},[44,76974,76975,76977,76979,76981,76983,76985],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,76976,142],{"class":141},[44,76978,123],{"class":115},[44,76980,3771],{"class":119},[44,76982,74253],{"class":115},[44,76984,2240],{"class":77},[44,76986,4015],{"class":115},[20,76988,76989,76990,76992,76993,76995],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76991,40841],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76994,2240],{}," does not make sense.",[30,76997,76999],{"id":76998},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,77001,77002],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1474,77004,77006],{"id":77005},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,77008,77010],{"className":37,"code":77009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,77011,77012,77036,77040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77013,77014,77016,77018,77020,77022,77024,77026,77028,77030,77032,77034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77015,3739],{"class":50},[44,77017,55],{"class":54},[44,77019,3744],{"class":115},[44,77021,2451],{"class":77},[44,77023,129],{"class":115},[44,77025,7928],{"class":77},[44,77027,129],{"class":115},[44,77029,7933],{"class":77},[44,77031,129],{"class":115},[44,77033,50974],{"class":77},[44,77035,3757],{"class":115},[44,77037,77038],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77039,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,77041,77042,77044,77046,77048,77050,77052],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,77043,142],{"class":141},[44,77045,123],{"class":115},[44,77047,3771],{"class":119},[44,77049,4027],{"class":115},[44,77051,2177],{"class":77},[44,77053,4015],{"class":115},[20,77055,155],{},[35,77057,77058],{"className":37,"code":69971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,77059,77060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77061,77062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77063,69971],{"class":77},[1474,77065,77067],{"id":77066},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,77069,77071],{"className":37,"code":77070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77072,77073,77097,77101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77074,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083,77085,77087,77089,77091,77093,77095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77076,3739],{"class":50},[44,77078,55],{"class":54},[44,77080,3744],{"class":115},[44,77082,2451],{"class":77},[44,77084,129],{"class":115},[44,77086,7928],{"class":77},[44,77088,129],{"class":115},[44,77090,7933],{"class":77},[44,77092,129],{"class":115},[44,77094,50974],{"class":77},[44,77096,3757],{"class":115},[44,77098,77099],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77100,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,77102,77103,77105,77107,77109,77111,77113,77115,77117],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,77104,142],{"class":141},[44,77106,123],{"class":115},[44,77108,3771],{"class":119},[44,77110,4027],{"class":115},[44,77112,2177],{"class":77},[44,77114,790],{"class":115},[44,77116,2183],{"class":77},[44,77118,4015],{"class":115},[20,77120,155],{},[35,77122,77124],{"className":37,"code":77123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,77125,77126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77127,77128,77130,77132],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77129,4027],{"class":115},[44,77131,36979],{"class":77},[44,77133,3757],{"class":115},[20,77135,13900],{},[218,77137,77138,77144],{},[221,77139,77140,77143],{},[15,77141,77142],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[221,77145,77146,77149],{},[15,77147,77148],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77151,77152],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[218,77154,77155,77158],{},[221,77156,77157],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[221,77159,77160],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77162,238],{},[35,77164,77166],{"className":37,"code":77165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77167,77168,77188,77192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77169,77170,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77171,3739],{"class":50},[44,77173,55],{"class":54},[44,77175,3744],{"class":115},[44,77177,2451],{"class":77},[44,77179,129],{"class":115},[44,77181,7928],{"class":77},[44,77183,129],{"class":115},[44,77185,7933],{"class":77},[44,77187,3757],{"class":115},[44,77189,77190],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77191,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,77193,77194,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206,77208],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,77195,142],{"class":141},[44,77197,123],{"class":115},[44,77199,3771],{"class":119},[44,77201,4027],{"class":115},[44,77203,2257],{"class":77},[44,77205,790],{"class":115},[44,77207,2451],{"class":77},[44,77209,4015],{"class":115},[20,77211,155],{},[35,77213,77214],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,77215,77216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77217,77218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77219,38434],{"class":115},[20,77221,77222],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,77224,77226],{"className":37,"code":77225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77227,77228,77248,77252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77229,77230,77232,77234,77236,77238,77240,77242,77244,77246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77231,3739],{"class":50},[44,77233,55],{"class":54},[44,77235,3744],{"class":115},[44,77237,2451],{"class":77},[44,77239,129],{"class":115},[44,77241,7928],{"class":77},[44,77243,129],{"class":115},[44,77245,7933],{"class":77},[44,77247,3757],{"class":115},[44,77249,77250],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77251,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,77253,77254,77256,77258,77260,77262,77264],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,77255,142],{"class":141},[44,77257,123],{"class":115},[44,77259,3771],{"class":119},[44,77261,4027],{"class":115},[44,77263,2257],{"class":77},[44,77265,4015],{"class":115},[20,77267,77268,77269,116],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[200,77270,69390],{"href":69389},[30,77272,15314],{"id":77273},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77275,77276],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[218,77278,77279,77283,77285,77288,77294],{},[221,77280,1838,77281,75872],{},[15,77282,75557],{},[221,77284,60824],{},[221,77286,77287],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[221,77289,37341,77290,8844,77292],{},[15,77291,76192],{},[15,77293,73657],{},[221,77295,77296,77297,77299],{},"Using step ",[15,77298,2240],{},", which causes an error",[1474,77301,77303],{"id":77302},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,77305,77307],{"className":37,"code":77306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77308,77309,77337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77310,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321,77323,77325,77327,77329,77331,77333,77335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77312,3739],{"class":50},[44,77314,55],{"class":54},[44,77316,3744],{"class":115},[44,77318,2451],{"class":77},[44,77320,129],{"class":115},[44,77322,7928],{"class":77},[44,77324,129],{"class":115},[44,77326,7933],{"class":77},[44,77328,129],{"class":115},[44,77330,50974],{"class":77},[44,77332,129],{"class":115},[44,77334,5212],{"class":77},[44,77336,3757],{"class":115},[44,77338,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347,77349,77351,77353],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77340,142],{"class":141},[44,77342,123],{"class":115},[44,77344,3771],{"class":119},[44,77346,4027],{"class":115},[44,77348,3111],{"class":77},[44,77350,790],{"class":115},[44,77352,2626],{"class":77},[44,77354,4015],{"class":115},[20,77356,77357],{},"This returns:",[35,77359,77361],{"className":37,"code":77360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77362,77363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77364,77365,77367,77369,77371,77373,77375,77377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77366,4027],{"class":115},[44,77368,15892],{"class":77},[44,77370,129],{"class":115},[44,77372,7933],{"class":77},[44,77374,129],{"class":115},[44,77376,50974],{"class":77},[44,77378,3757],{"class":115},[20,77380,41043,77381,77383,77384,77386,77387,116],{},[153,77382,4761],{}," include ",[15,77385,76925],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77388,2626],{},[1474,77390,77392],{"id":77391},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77394,16781],{},[35,77396,77398],{"className":37,"code":77397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77399,77400,77420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77401,77402,77404,77406,77408,77410,77412,77414,77416,77418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77403,3739],{"class":50},[44,77405,55],{"class":54},[44,77407,3744],{"class":115},[44,77409,2451],{"class":77},[44,77411,129],{"class":115},[44,77413,7928],{"class":77},[44,77415,129],{"class":115},[44,77417,7933],{"class":77},[44,77419,3757],{"class":115},[44,77421,77422],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77423,77424],{"class":3787},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77426,77427],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,77429,77431],{"className":37,"code":77430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77432,77433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77434,77435,77437,77439,77441,77443,77445,77447,77449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77436,142],{"class":141},[44,77438,123],{"class":115},[44,77440,3771],{"class":119},[44,77442,4027],{"class":115},[44,77444,3111],{"class":77},[44,77446,790],{"class":115},[44,77448,2183],{"class":77},[44,77450,4015],{"class":115},[1474,77452,77454],{"id":77453},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77456,77457],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,77459,77461],{"className":37,"code":77460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77462,77463,77487,77501,77505,77515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77464,77465,77467,77469,77471,77473,77475,77477,77479,77481,77483,77485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77466,3739],{"class":50},[44,77468,55],{"class":54},[44,77470,3744],{"class":115},[44,77472,2451],{"class":77},[44,77474,129],{"class":115},[44,77476,7928],{"class":77},[44,77478,129],{"class":115},[44,77480,7933],{"class":77},[44,77482,129],{"class":115},[44,77484,50974],{"class":77},[44,77486,3757],{"class":115},[44,77488,77489,77491,77493,77495,77497,77499],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77490,75790],{"class":50},[44,77492,55],{"class":54},[44,77494,4392],{"class":50},[44,77496,75666],{"class":115},[44,77498,2177],{"class":77},[44,77500,3757],{"class":115},[44,77502,77503],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,77504,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,77506,77507,77509,77511,77513],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,77508,142],{"class":141},[44,77510,123],{"class":115},[44,77512,75813],{"class":119},[44,77514,135],{"class":115},[44,77516,77517,77519,77521,77523],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,77518,142],{"class":141},[44,77520,123],{"class":115},[44,77522,3771],{"class":119},[44,77524,135],{"class":115},[20,77526,155],{},[35,77528,77530],{"className":37,"code":77529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77531,77532,77544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77533,77534,77536,77538,77540,77542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77535,4027],{"class":115},[44,77537,2451],{"class":77},[44,77539,129],{"class":115},[44,77541,7928],{"class":77},[44,77543,3757],{"class":115},[44,77545,77546,77548,77550,77552,77554,77556,77558,77560,77562],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77547,4027],{"class":115},[44,77549,2451],{"class":77},[44,77551,129],{"class":115},[44,77553,7928],{"class":77},[44,77555,129],{"class":115},[44,77557,7933],{"class":77},[44,77559,129],{"class":115},[44,77561,50974],{"class":77},[44,77563,3757],{"class":115},[20,77565,77566],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1474,77568,77570,77571,8844,77573],{"id":77569},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77572,76192],{},[15,77574,73657],{},[35,77576,77578],{"className":37,"code":77577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77579,77580,77600,77604,77621,77632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77581,77582,77584,77586,77588,77590,77592,77594,77596,77598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77583,3739],{"class":50},[44,77585,55],{"class":54},[44,77587,3744],{"class":115},[44,77589,2451],{"class":77},[44,77591,129],{"class":115},[44,77593,7928],{"class":77},[44,77595,129],{"class":115},[44,77597,7933],{"class":77},[44,77599,3757],{"class":115},[44,77601,77602],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77603,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,77605,77606,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,77607,77608],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,77610,55],{"class":54},[44,77612,4392],{"class":50},[44,77614,74253],{"class":115},[44,77616,2142],{"class":54},[44,77618,3111],{"class":77},[44,77620,3757],{"class":115},[44,77622,77623,77625,77627,77630],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,77624,142],{"class":141},[44,77626,123],{"class":115},[44,77628,77629],{"class":119},"reversed_copy",[44,77631,135],{"class":115},[44,77633,77634,77636,77638,77640],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,77635,142],{"class":141},[44,77637,123],{"class":115},[44,77639,3771],{"class":119},[44,77641,135],{"class":115},[20,77643,155],{},[35,77645,77647],{"className":37,"code":77646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77648,77649,77665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77650,77651,77653,77655,77657,77659,77661,77663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77652,4027],{"class":115},[44,77654,36979],{"class":77},[44,77656,129],{"class":115},[44,77658,7928],{"class":77},[44,77660,129],{"class":115},[44,77662,6140],{"class":77},[44,77664,3757],{"class":115},[44,77666,77667,77669,77671,77673,77675,77677,77679],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77668,4027],{"class":115},[44,77670,2451],{"class":77},[44,77672,129],{"class":115},[44,77674,7928],{"class":77},[44,77676,129],{"class":115},[44,77678,7933],{"class":77},[44,77680,3757],{"class":115},[20,77682,77683,77686],{},[15,77684,77685],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77688,77689,77690,77693],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77691,77692],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1474,77695,77697],{"id":77696},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77699,77700],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,77702,77704],{"className":37,"code":77703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77705,77706,77726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77707,77708,77710,77712,77714,77716,77718,77720,77722,77724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77709,3739],{"class":50},[44,77711,55],{"class":54},[44,77713,3744],{"class":115},[44,77715,2451],{"class":77},[44,77717,129],{"class":115},[44,77719,7928],{"class":77},[44,77721,129],{"class":115},[44,77723,7933],{"class":77},[44,77725,3757],{"class":115},[44,77727,77728],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77729,77730],{"class":3787},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77732,77733,77734,116],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77735,40841],{},[30,77737,77739],{"id":77738},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77741,77742],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[218,77744,77745,77752,77758,77761,77764],{},[221,77746,37341,77747,536,77749,77751],{},[15,77748,36209],{},[15,77750,75557],{}," positions",[221,77753,77754,77755,77757],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77756,75557],{}," index is included",[221,77759,77760],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[221,77762,77763],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[221,77765,77766],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77768,77769],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,77771,77773],{"className":37,"code":77772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77774,77775,77785,77799,77817,77831,77848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77776,77777,77779,77781,77783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77778,142],{"class":141},[44,77780,123],{"class":115},[44,77782,8477],{"class":119},[44,77784,135],{"class":115},[44,77786,77787,77789,77791,77793,77795,77797],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,77788,142],{"class":141},[44,77790,123],{"class":115},[44,77792,11302],{"class":141},[44,77794,123],{"class":115},[44,77796,8477],{"class":119},[44,77798,567],{"class":115},[44,77800,77801,77803,77805,77807,77809,77811,77813,77815],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,77802,142],{"class":141},[44,77804,123],{"class":115},[44,77806,8477],{"class":119},[44,77808,4027],{"class":115},[44,77810,3111],{"class":77},[44,77812,790],{"class":115},[44,77814,2626],{"class":77},[44,77816,4015],{"class":115},[44,77818,77819,77821,77823,77825,77827,77829],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,77820,142],{"class":141},[44,77822,123],{"class":115},[44,77824,8477],{"class":119},[44,77826,75666],{"class":115},[44,77828,2183],{"class":77},[44,77830,4015],{"class":115},[44,77832,77833,77835,77837,77839,77841,77843,77845],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,77834,142],{"class":141},[44,77836,123],{"class":115},[44,77838,8477],{"class":119},[44,77840,4027],{"class":115},[44,77842,2142],{"class":54},[44,77844,2183],{"class":77},[44,77846,77847],{"class":115},":])\n",[44,77849,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,77851,142],{"class":141},[44,77853,123],{"class":115},[44,77855,8477],{"class":119},[44,77857,74253],{"class":115},[44,77859,2142],{"class":54},[44,77861,3111],{"class":77},[44,77863,4015],{"class":115},[20,77865,8556,77866,77868,77869,77873],{},[15,77867,42498],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[200,77870,77872],{"href":77871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[30,77875,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,77877,77879],{"id":77878},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77881,77882],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1474,77884,77886],{"id":77885},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77888,77889],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1474,77891,5274,77893,40098],{"id":77892},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77894,76192],{},[20,77896,77897],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1474,77899,77901,77902,1995],{"id":77900},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77903,70862],{},[20,77905,77906],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[30,77908,2019],{"id":2018},[218,77910,77911,77916,77921,77925,77929,77933],{},[221,77912,77913],{},[200,77914,77915],{"href":51109},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[221,77917,77918],{},[200,77919,77920],{"href":57284},"How to create a list in Python",[221,77922,77923],{},[200,77924,15102],{"href":57350},[221,77926,77927],{},[200,77928,74938],{"href":74937},[221,77930,77931],{},[200,77932,77872],{"href":77871},[221,77934,77935],{},[200,77936,69390],{"href":69389},[20,77938,77939,77940,77942],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77941,42498],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2048,77944,77945],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":77947},[77948,77949,77950,77951,77952,77953,77956,77960,77968,77969,77977],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":75721,"depth":69,"text":75722},{"id":75884,"depth":69,"text":75885},{"id":76146,"depth":69,"text":76147},{"id":76440,"depth":69,"text":76441},{"id":76686,"depth":69,"text":76687,"children":77954},[77955],{"id":76944,"depth":81,"text":76945},{"id":76998,"depth":69,"text":76999,"children":77957},[77958,77959],{"id":77005,"depth":81,"text":77006},{"id":77066,"depth":81,"text":77067},{"id":77273,"depth":69,"text":15314,"children":77961},[77962,77963,77964,77965,77967],{"id":77302,"depth":81,"text":77303},{"id":77391,"depth":81,"text":77392},{"id":77453,"depth":81,"text":77454},{"id":77569,"depth":81,"text":77966},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77696,"depth":81,"text":77697},{"id":77738,"depth":69,"text":77739},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":77970},[77971,77972,77973,77975],{"id":77878,"depth":81,"text":77879},{"id":77885,"depth":81,"text":77886},{"id":77892,"depth":81,"text":77974},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77900,"depth":81,"text":77976},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75544,"description":77978},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77985,"title":77986,"body":77987,"description":80055,"extension":2084,"meta":80056,"navigation":84,"path":80057,"seo":80058,"stem":80059,"__hash__":80060},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77988,"toc":80021},[77989,77994,78000,78006,78008,78055,78062,78067,78071,78086,78089,78142,78144,78169,78174,78176,78208,78211,78227,78229,78290,78292,78317,78321,78326,78379,78381,78406,78411,78472,78474,78499,78502,78509,78513,78516,78577,78579,78612,78615,78676,78678,78711,78717,78790,78792,78824,78831,78836,78841,78843,78855,78858,78936,78938,78979,78982,79056,79058,79091,79096,79103,79110,79114,79123,79127,79135,79137,79204,79206,79242,79247,79258,79260,79265,79270,79272,79335,79337,79362,79369,79374,79378,79381,79420,79425,79431,79436,79438,79465,79470,79473,79520,79522,79579,79586,79591,79597,79666,79670,79673,79736,79738,79771,79776,79778,79781,79862,79864,79888,79894,79896,79901,79905,79912,79920,79924,79926,79949,79953,79955,79982,79985,79992,79995,79997,80018],[10,77990,54472,77992,18],{"id":77991},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77993,64444],{},[20,77995,77996,77999],{},[15,77997,77998],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,78001,78002,78003,78005],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,78004,64444],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[30,78007,33],{"id":32},[35,78009,78011],{"className":37,"code":78010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78012,78013,78033,78043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78014,78015,78017,78019,78021,78023,78025,78027,78029,78031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78016,3739],{"class":50},[44,78018,55],{"class":54},[44,78020,3744],{"class":115},[44,78022,2183],{"class":77},[44,78024,129],{"class":115},[44,78026,5632],{"class":77},[44,78028,129],{"class":115},[44,78030,3116],{"class":77},[44,78032,3757],{"class":115},[44,78034,78035,78037,78039,78041],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78036,3771],{"class":50},[44,78038,116],{"class":115},[44,78040,34935],{"class":119},[44,78042,8782],{"class":115},[44,78044,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,78046,142],{"class":141},[44,78048,123],{"class":115},[44,78050,3771],{"class":119},[44,78052,3784],{"class":115},[44,78054,55062],{"class":3787},[20,78056,189,78057,78059,78060,116],{},[15,78058,77998],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78061,3904],{},[30,78063,3802,78065,3805],{"id":78064},"what-listsort-does",[15,78066,77998],{},[20,78068,78069,790],{},[15,78070,77998],{},[218,78072,78073,78076,78079,78083],{},[221,78074,78075],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[221,78077,78078],{},"Changes the original list",[221,78080,11563,78081],{},[15,78082,3904],{},[221,78084,78085],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78087,78088],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,78090,78092],{"className":37,"code":78091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78093,78094,78118,78128,78132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78095,78096,78098,78100,78102,78104,78106,78108,78110,78112,78114,78116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78097,3739],{"class":50},[44,78099,55],{"class":54},[44,78101,3744],{"class":115},[44,78103,2257],{"class":77},[44,78105,129],{"class":115},[44,78107,3116],{"class":77},[44,78109,129],{"class":115},[44,78111,54266],{"class":77},[44,78113,129],{"class":115},[44,78115,5632],{"class":77},[44,78117,3757],{"class":115},[44,78119,78120,78122,78124,78126],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78121,3771],{"class":50},[44,78123,116],{"class":115},[44,78125,34935],{"class":119},[44,78127,8782],{"class":115},[44,78129,78130],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,78131,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,78133,78134,78136,78138,78140],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,78135,142],{"class":141},[44,78137,123],{"class":115},[44,78139,3771],{"class":119},[44,78141,135],{"class":115},[20,78143,155],{},[35,78145,78147],{"className":37,"code":78146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78148,78149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78150,78151,78153,78155,78157,78159,78161,78163,78165,78167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78152,4027],{"class":115},[44,78154,3111],{"class":77},[44,78156,129],{"class":115},[44,78158,3116],{"class":77},[44,78160,129],{"class":115},[44,78162,4735],{"class":77},[44,78164,129],{"class":115},[44,78166,54266],{"class":77},[44,78168,3757],{"class":115},[20,78170,78171,78172,116],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[200,78173,67210],{"href":51109},[30,78175,351],{"id":350},[35,78177,78179],{"className":37,"code":78178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78180,78181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78182,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78202,78204,78206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78184,8477],{"class":50},[44,78186,116],{"class":115},[44,78188,34935],{"class":119},[44,78190,123],{"class":115},[44,78192,14979],{"class":826},[44,78194,55],{"class":54},[44,78196,3904],{"class":3978},[44,78198,129],{"class":115},[44,78200,78201],{"class":826}," reverse",[44,78203,55],{"class":54},[44,78205,3798],{"class":3978},[44,78207,135],{"class":115},[20,78209,78210],{},"Main arguments:",[218,78212,78213,78218,78224],{},[221,78214,78215,78217],{},[15,78216,14979],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[221,78219,78220,78223],{},[15,78221,78222],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[221,78225,78226],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78228,238],{},[35,78230,78232],{"className":37,"code":78231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78233,78234,78258,78276,78280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78235,78236,78238,78240,78242,78244,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78237,3739],{"class":50},[44,78239,55],{"class":54},[44,78241,3744],{"class":115},[44,78243,2626],{"class":77},[44,78245,129],{"class":115},[44,78247,5632],{"class":77},[44,78249,129],{"class":115},[44,78251,6129],{"class":77},[44,78253,129],{"class":115},[44,78255,3116],{"class":77},[44,78257,3757],{"class":115},[44,78259,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78261,3771],{"class":50},[44,78263,116],{"class":115},[44,78265,34935],{"class":119},[44,78267,123],{"class":115},[44,78269,73708],{"class":826},[44,78271,55],{"class":54},[44,78273,3724],{"class":3978},[44,78275,135],{"class":115},[44,78277,78278],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,78279,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,78281,78282,78284,78286,78288],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,78283,142],{"class":141},[44,78285,123],{"class":115},[44,78287,3771],{"class":119},[44,78289,135],{"class":115},[20,78291,155],{},[35,78293,78295],{"className":37,"code":78294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78296,78297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78300,4027],{"class":115},[44,78302,2145],{"class":77},[44,78304,129],{"class":115},[44,78306,2579],{"class":77},[44,78308,129],{"class":115},[44,78310,3116],{"class":77},[44,78312,129],{"class":115},[44,78314,5632],{"class":77},[44,78316,3757],{"class":115},[30,78318,78320],{"id":78319},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78322,189,78323,78325],{},[15,78324,64444],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,78327,78329],{"className":37,"code":78328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78330,78331,78355,78365,78369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78332,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78334,3739],{"class":50},[44,78336,55],{"class":54},[44,78338,3744],{"class":115},[44,78340,2451],{"class":77},[44,78342,129],{"class":115},[44,78344,2573],{"class":77},[44,78346,129],{"class":115},[44,78348,6496],{"class":77},[44,78350,129],{"class":115},[44,78352,5632],{"class":77},[44,78354,3757],{"class":115},[44,78356,78357,78359,78361,78363],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78358,3771],{"class":50},[44,78360,116],{"class":115},[44,78362,34935],{"class":119},[44,78364,8782],{"class":115},[44,78366,78367],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,78368,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,78370,78371,78373,78375,78377],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,78372,142],{"class":141},[44,78374,123],{"class":115},[44,78376,3771],{"class":119},[44,78378,135],{"class":115},[20,78380,155],{},[35,78382,78384],{"className":37,"code":78383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78385,78386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78387,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78389,4027],{"class":115},[44,78391,3111],{"class":77},[44,78393,129],{"class":115},[44,78395,2573],{"class":77},[44,78397,129],{"class":115},[44,78399,6496],{"class":77},[44,78401,129],{"class":115},[44,78403,6140],{"class":77},[44,78405,3757],{"class":115},[20,78407,189,78408,78410],{},[15,78409,78222],{}," for descending order:",[35,78412,78414],{"className":37,"code":78413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78415,78416,78440,78458,78462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78417,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434,78436,78438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78419,3739],{"class":50},[44,78421,55],{"class":54},[44,78423,3744],{"class":115},[44,78425,2451],{"class":77},[44,78427,129],{"class":115},[44,78429,2573],{"class":77},[44,78431,129],{"class":115},[44,78433,6496],{"class":77},[44,78435,129],{"class":115},[44,78437,5632],{"class":77},[44,78439,3757],{"class":115},[44,78441,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78443,3771],{"class":50},[44,78445,116],{"class":115},[44,78447,34935],{"class":119},[44,78449,123],{"class":115},[44,78451,73708],{"class":826},[44,78453,55],{"class":54},[44,78455,3724],{"class":3978},[44,78457,135],{"class":115},[44,78459,78460],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,78461,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,78463,78464,78466,78468,78470],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,78465,142],{"class":141},[44,78467,123],{"class":115},[44,78469,3771],{"class":119},[44,78471,135],{"class":115},[20,78473,155],{},[35,78475,78477],{"className":37,"code":78476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78478,78479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78480,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78482,4027],{"class":115},[44,78484,2451],{"class":77},[44,78486,129],{"class":115},[44,78488,6496],{"class":77},[44,78490,129],{"class":115},[44,78492,2573],{"class":77},[44,78494,129],{"class":115},[44,78496,5632],{"class":77},[44,78498,3757],{"class":115},[20,78500,78501],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78503,78504,78505,116],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[200,78506,78508],{"href":78507},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[30,78510,78512],{"id":78511},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78514,78515],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,78517,78519],{"className":37,"code":78518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78520,78521,78553,78563,78567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78522,78523,78525,78527,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541,78543,78545,78547,78549,78551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78524,4198],{"class":50},[44,78526,55],{"class":54},[44,78528,3744],{"class":115},[44,78530,112],{"class":58},[44,78532,4216],{"class":62},[44,78534,112],{"class":58},[44,78536,129],{"class":115},[44,78538,59],{"class":58},[44,78540,4207],{"class":62},[44,78542,112],{"class":58},[44,78544,129],{"class":115},[44,78546,59],{"class":58},[44,78548,4225],{"class":62},[44,78550,112],{"class":58},[44,78552,3757],{"class":115},[44,78554,78555,78557,78559,78561],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78556,4242],{"class":50},[44,78558,116],{"class":115},[44,78560,34935],{"class":119},[44,78562,8782],{"class":115},[44,78564,78565],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,78566,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,78568,78569,78571,78573,78575],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,78570,142],{"class":141},[44,78572,123],{"class":115},[44,78574,4242],{"class":119},[44,78576,135],{"class":115},[20,78578,155],{},[35,78580,78582],{"className":37,"code":78581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78583,78584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78585,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596,78598,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78587,4027],{"class":115},[44,78589,1338],{"class":58},[44,78591,4207],{"class":62},[44,78593,1338],{"class":58},[44,78595,129],{"class":115},[44,78597,1332],{"class":58},[44,78599,4216],{"class":62},[44,78601,1338],{"class":58},[44,78603,129],{"class":115},[44,78605,1332],{"class":58},[44,78607,4225],{"class":62},[44,78609,1338],{"class":58},[44,78611,3757],{"class":115},[20,78613,78614],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,78616,78618],{"className":37,"code":78617,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78619,78620,78652,78662,78666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78621,78622,78624,78626,78628,78630,78632,78634,78636,78638,78640,78642,78644,78646,78648,78650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78623,4198],{"class":50},[44,78625,55],{"class":54},[44,78627,3744],{"class":115},[44,78629,112],{"class":58},[44,78631,4216],{"class":62},[44,78633,112],{"class":58},[44,78635,129],{"class":115},[44,78637,59],{"class":58},[44,78639,57899],{"class":62},[44,78641,112],{"class":58},[44,78643,129],{"class":115},[44,78645,59],{"class":58},[44,78647,4225],{"class":62},[44,78649,112],{"class":58},[44,78651,3757],{"class":115},[44,78653,78654,78656,78658,78660],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78655,4242],{"class":50},[44,78657,116],{"class":115},[44,78659,34935],{"class":119},[44,78661,8782],{"class":115},[44,78663,78664],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,78665,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,78667,78668,78670,78672,78674],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,78669,142],{"class":141},[44,78671,123],{"class":115},[44,78673,4242],{"class":119},[44,78675,135],{"class":115},[20,78677,155],{},[35,78679,78681],{"className":37,"code":78680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78682,78683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78684,78685,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78686,4027],{"class":115},[44,78688,1338],{"class":58},[44,78690,57899],{"class":62},[44,78692,1338],{"class":58},[44,78694,129],{"class":115},[44,78696,1332],{"class":58},[44,78698,4216],{"class":62},[44,78700,1338],{"class":58},[44,78702,129],{"class":115},[44,78704,1332],{"class":58},[44,78706,4225],{"class":62},[44,78708,1338],{"class":58},[44,78710,3757],{"class":115},[20,78712,78713,78714,790],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78715,78716],{},"key=str.lower",[35,78718,78720],{"className":37,"code":78719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78721,78722,78754,78776,78780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78723,78724,78726,78728,78730,78732,78734,78736,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78725,4198],{"class":50},[44,78727,55],{"class":54},[44,78729,3744],{"class":115},[44,78731,112],{"class":58},[44,78733,4216],{"class":62},[44,78735,112],{"class":58},[44,78737,129],{"class":115},[44,78739,59],{"class":58},[44,78741,57899],{"class":62},[44,78743,112],{"class":58},[44,78745,129],{"class":115},[44,78747,59],{"class":58},[44,78749,4225],{"class":62},[44,78751,112],{"class":58},[44,78753,3757],{"class":115},[44,78755,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78757,4242],{"class":50},[44,78759,116],{"class":115},[44,78761,34935],{"class":119},[44,78763,123],{"class":115},[44,78765,14979],{"class":826},[44,78767,55],{"class":54},[44,78769,1335],{"class":1296},[44,78771,116],{"class":115},[44,78773,8779],{"class":685},[44,78775,135],{"class":115},[44,78777,78778],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,78779,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,78781,78782,78784,78786,78788],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,78783,142],{"class":141},[44,78785,123],{"class":115},[44,78787,4242],{"class":119},[44,78789,135],{"class":115},[20,78791,155],{},[35,78793,78794],{"className":37,"code":78680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78795,78796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78797,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806,78808,78810,78812,78814,78816,78818,78820,78822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78799,4027],{"class":115},[44,78801,1338],{"class":58},[44,78803,57899],{"class":62},[44,78805,1338],{"class":58},[44,78807,129],{"class":115},[44,78809,1332],{"class":58},[44,78811,4216],{"class":62},[44,78813,1338],{"class":58},[44,78815,129],{"class":115},[44,78817,1332],{"class":58},[44,78819,4225],{"class":62},[44,78821,1338],{"class":58},[44,78823,3757],{"class":115},[20,78825,78826,78827,78830],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78828,78829],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[30,78832,36750,78834,36753],{"id":78833},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78835,14979],{},[20,78837,213,78838,78840],{},[15,78839,14979],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78842,7481],{},[218,78844,78845,78850],{},[221,78846,78847,78849],{},[15,78848,11302],{}," to sort by length",[221,78851,78852,78854],{},[15,78853,78829],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78856,78857],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,78859,78861],{"className":37,"code":78860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78862,78863,78904,78922,78926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78864,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78876,78878,78880,78882,78884,78886,78888,78890,78892,78894,78896,78898,78900,78902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78866,4198],{"class":50},[44,78868,55],{"class":54},[44,78870,3744],{"class":115},[44,78872,112],{"class":58},[44,78874,78875],{"class":62},"pear",[44,78877,112],{"class":58},[44,78879,129],{"class":115},[44,78881,59],{"class":58},[44,78883,4216],{"class":62},[44,78885,112],{"class":58},[44,78887,129],{"class":115},[44,78889,59],{"class":58},[44,78891,38495],{"class":62},[44,78893,112],{"class":58},[44,78895,129],{"class":115},[44,78897,59],{"class":58},[44,78899,4207],{"class":62},[44,78901,112],{"class":58},[44,78903,3757],{"class":115},[44,78905,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,78907,4242],{"class":50},[44,78909,116],{"class":115},[44,78911,34935],{"class":119},[44,78913,123],{"class":115},[44,78915,14979],{"class":826},[44,78917,55],{"class":54},[44,78919,11302],{"class":141},[44,78921,135],{"class":115},[44,78923,78924],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,78925,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,78927,78928,78930,78932,78934],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,78929,142],{"class":141},[44,78931,123],{"class":115},[44,78933,4242],{"class":119},[44,78935,135],{"class":115},[20,78937,155],{},[35,78939,78941],{"className":37,"code":78940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78942,78943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78944,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78957,78959,78961,78963,78965,78967,78969,78971,78973,78975,78977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78946,4027],{"class":115},[44,78948,1338],{"class":58},[44,78950,38495],{"class":62},[44,78952,1338],{"class":58},[44,78954,129],{"class":115},[44,78956,1332],{"class":58},[44,78958,78875],{"class":62},[44,78960,1338],{"class":58},[44,78962,129],{"class":115},[44,78964,1332],{"class":58},[44,78966,4207],{"class":62},[44,78968,1338],{"class":58},[44,78970,129],{"class":115},[44,78972,1332],{"class":58},[44,78974,4216],{"class":62},[44,78976,1338],{"class":58},[44,78978,3757],{"class":115},[20,78980,78981],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,78983,78985],{"className":37,"code":78984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78986,78987,79020,79042,79046],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78988,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013,79016,79018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78990,4198],{"class":50},[44,78992,55],{"class":54},[44,78994,3744],{"class":115},[44,78996,112],{"class":58},[44,78998,5144],{"class":62},[44,79000,112],{"class":58},[44,79002,129],{"class":115},[44,79004,59],{"class":58},[44,79006,17940],{"class":62},[44,79008,112],{"class":58},[44,79010,129],{"class":115},[44,79012,59],{"class":58},[44,79014,79015],{"class":62},"Carol",[44,79017,112],{"class":58},[44,79019,3757],{"class":115},[44,79021,79022,79024,79026,79028,79030,79032,79034,79036,79038,79040],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79023,4242],{"class":50},[44,79025,116],{"class":115},[44,79027,34935],{"class":119},[44,79029,123],{"class":115},[44,79031,14979],{"class":826},[44,79033,55],{"class":54},[44,79035,1335],{"class":1296},[44,79037,116],{"class":115},[44,79039,8779],{"class":685},[44,79041,135],{"class":115},[44,79043,79044],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,79045,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,79047,79048,79050,79052,79054],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,79049,142],{"class":141},[44,79051,123],{"class":115},[44,79053,4242],{"class":119},[44,79055,135],{"class":115},[20,79057,155],{},[35,79059,79061],{"className":37,"code":79060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79062,79063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79064,79065,79067,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79066,4027],{"class":115},[44,79068,1338],{"class":58},[44,79070,17940],{"class":62},[44,79072,1338],{"class":58},[44,79074,129],{"class":115},[44,79076,1332],{"class":58},[44,79078,5144],{"class":62},[44,79080,1338],{"class":58},[44,79082,129],{"class":115},[44,79084,1332],{"class":58},[44,79086,79015],{"class":62},[44,79088,1338],{"class":58},[44,79090,3757],{"class":115},[20,79092,213,79093,79095],{},[15,79094,14979],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[30,79097,79099,10724,79101],{"id":79098},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79100,77998],{},[15,79102,74555],{},[20,79104,79105,536,79107,79109],{},[15,79106,77998],{},[15,79108,74555],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79111,79112,790],{},[15,79113,77998],{},[218,79115,79116,79119],{},[221,79117,79118],{},"Changes the existing list",[221,79120,11563,79121],{},[15,79122,3904],{},[20,79124,79125,790],{},[15,79126,74555],{},[218,79128,79129,79132],{},[221,79130,79131],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[221,79133,79134],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79136,238],{},[35,79138,79140],{"className":37,"code":79139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79141,79142,79162,79166,79180,79184,79194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79143,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79145,3739],{"class":50},[44,79147,55],{"class":54},[44,79149,3744],{"class":115},[44,79151,2183],{"class":77},[44,79153,129],{"class":115},[44,79155,5632],{"class":77},[44,79157,129],{"class":115},[44,79159,3116],{"class":77},[44,79161,3757],{"class":115},[44,79163,79164],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79165,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,79167,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,79169,56020],{"class":50},[44,79171,55],{"class":54},[44,79173,74689],{"class":141},[44,79175,123],{"class":115},[44,79177,3771],{"class":119},[44,79179,135],{"class":115},[44,79181,79182],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,79183,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,79185,79186,79188,79190,79192],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,79187,142],{"class":141},[44,79189,123],{"class":115},[44,79191,3771],{"class":119},[44,79193,135],{"class":115},[44,79195,79196,79198,79200,79202],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,79197,142],{"class":141},[44,79199,123],{"class":115},[44,79201,74412],{"class":119},[44,79203,135],{"class":115},[20,79205,155],{},[35,79207,79208],{"className":37,"code":74724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79209,79210,79226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79211,79212,79214,79216,79218,79220,79222,79224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79213,4027],{"class":115},[44,79215,2183],{"class":77},[44,79217,129],{"class":115},[44,79219,5632],{"class":77},[44,79221,129],{"class":115},[44,79223,3116],{"class":77},[44,79225,3757],{"class":115},[44,79227,79228,79230,79232,79234,79236,79238,79240],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79229,4027],{"class":115},[44,79231,3111],{"class":77},[44,79233,129],{"class":115},[44,79235,3116],{"class":77},[44,79237,129],{"class":115},[44,79239,2573],{"class":77},[44,79241,3757],{"class":115},[20,79243,189,79244,79246],{},[15,79245,74555],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79248,79249,79250,536,79254,116],{},"You can learn more in ",[200,79251,1013,79252,5918],{"href":74652},[15,79253,74555],{},[200,79255,79257],{"href":79256},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[30,79259,1467],{"id":1466},[20,79261,79262,79263,116],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79264,77998],{},[1474,79266,12734,79268],{"id":79267},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79269,64444],{},[20,79271,25825],{},[35,79273,79275],{"className":37,"code":79274,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79276,79277,79297,79311,79315,79325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79278,79279,79281,79283,79285,79287,79289,79291,79293,79295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79280,3739],{"class":50},[44,79282,55],{"class":54},[44,79284,3744],{"class":115},[44,79286,2183],{"class":77},[44,79288,129],{"class":115},[44,79290,5632],{"class":77},[44,79292,129],{"class":115},[44,79294,3116],{"class":77},[44,79296,3757],{"class":115},[44,79298,79299,79301,79303,79305,79307,79309],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79300,2351],{"class":50},[44,79302,55],{"class":54},[44,79304,4392],{"class":50},[44,79306,116],{"class":115},[44,79308,34935],{"class":119},[44,79310,8782],{"class":115},[44,79312,79313],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,79314,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,79316,79317,79319,79321,79323],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,79318,142],{"class":141},[44,79320,123],{"class":115},[44,79322,2386],{"class":119},[44,79324,135],{"class":115},[44,79326,79327,79329,79331,79333],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,79328,142],{"class":141},[44,79330,123],{"class":115},[44,79332,3771],{"class":119},[44,79334,135],{"class":115},[20,79336,155],{},[35,79338,79340],{"className":37,"code":79339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79341,79342,79346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79343,79344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79345,11948],{"class":3978},[44,79347,79348,79350,79352,79354,79356,79358,79360],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79349,4027],{"class":115},[44,79351,3111],{"class":77},[44,79353,129],{"class":115},[44,79355,3116],{"class":77},[44,79357,129],{"class":115},[44,79359,2573],{"class":77},[44,79361,3757],{"class":115},[20,79363,79364,79366,79367,116],{},[15,79365,64444],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79368,3904],{},[20,79370,79371,79372,6768],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79373,74555],{},[1474,79375,79377],{"id":79376},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79379,79380],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,79382,79384],{"className":37,"code":79383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79385,79386,79410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79387,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404,79406,79408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79389,7917],{"class":50},[44,79391,55],{"class":54},[44,79393,3744],{"class":115},[44,79395,3111],{"class":77},[44,79397,129],{"class":115},[44,79399,59],{"class":58},[44,79401,738],{"class":62},[44,79403,112],{"class":58},[44,79405,129],{"class":115},[44,79407,2573],{"class":77},[44,79409,3757],{"class":115},[44,79411,79412,79414,79416,79418],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79413,7948],{"class":50},[44,79415,116],{"class":115},[44,79417,34935],{"class":119},[44,79419,8782],{"class":115},[20,79421,3126,79422,79424],{},[15,79423,3129],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1474,79426,1838,79428,79430],{"id":79427},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79429,64444],{}," only works on lists",[20,79432,79433,79435],{},[15,79434,64444],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79437,16781],{},[35,79439,79441],{"className":37,"code":79440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79442,79443,79455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79444,79445,79447,79449,79451,79453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79446,248],{"class":50},[44,79448,55],{"class":54},[44,79450,59],{"class":58},[44,79452,39],{"class":62},[44,79454,66],{"class":58},[44,79456,79457,79459,79461,79463],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79458,308],{"class":50},[44,79460,116],{"class":115},[44,79462,34935],{"class":119},[44,79464,8782],{"class":115},[20,79466,79467,79468,33737],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79469,64444],{},[20,79471,79472],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,79474,79476],{"className":37,"code":79475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79477,79478,79496,79506,79510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79479,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79481,36227],{"class":50},[44,79483,55],{"class":54},[44,79485,22695],{"class":1296},[44,79487,123],{"class":115},[44,79489,112],{"class":58},[44,79491,39],{"class":62},[44,79493,112],{"class":58},[44,79495,135],{"class":115},[44,79497,79498,79500,79502,79504],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79499,36280],{"class":50},[44,79501,116],{"class":115},[44,79503,34935],{"class":119},[44,79505,8782],{"class":115},[44,79507,79508],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,79509,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,79511,79512,79514,79516,79518],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,79513,142],{"class":141},[44,79515,123],{"class":115},[44,79517,36280],{"class":119},[44,79519,135],{"class":115},[20,79521,155],{},[35,79523,79525],{"className":37,"code":79524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79526,79527],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79528,79529,79531,79533,79535,79537,79539,79541,79543,79545,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79530,4027],{"class":115},[44,79532,1338],{"class":58},[44,79534,60570],{"class":62},[44,79536,1338],{"class":58},[44,79538,129],{"class":115},[44,79540,1332],{"class":58},[44,79542,76161],{"class":62},[44,79544,1338],{"class":58},[44,79546,129],{"class":115},[44,79548,1332],{"class":58},[44,79550,60605],{"class":62},[44,79552,1338],{"class":58},[44,79554,129],{"class":115},[44,79556,1332],{"class":58},[44,79558,20],{"class":62},[44,79560,1338],{"class":58},[44,79562,129],{"class":115},[44,79564,1332],{"class":58},[44,79566,63419],{"class":62},[44,79568,1338],{"class":58},[44,79570,129],{"class":115},[44,79572,1332],{"class":58},[44,79574,11885],{"class":62},[44,79576,1338],{"class":58},[44,79578,3757],{"class":115},[1474,79580,79582,79583,79585],{"id":79581},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79584,14979],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79587,79588,79589,116],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79590,14979],{},[20,79592,79593,79594,79596],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79595,64444],{}," will not do that:",[35,79598,79600],{"className":37,"code":79599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79601,79602,79634,79652,79656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79603,79604,79606,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616,79618,79620,79622,79624,79626,79628,79630,79632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79605,4198],{"class":50},[44,79607,55],{"class":54},[44,79609,3744],{"class":115},[44,79611,112],{"class":58},[44,79613,4216],{"class":62},[44,79615,112],{"class":58},[44,79617,129],{"class":115},[44,79619,59],{"class":58},[44,79621,38495],{"class":62},[44,79623,112],{"class":58},[44,79625,129],{"class":115},[44,79627,59],{"class":58},[44,79629,4207],{"class":62},[44,79631,112],{"class":58},[44,79633,3757],{"class":115},[44,79635,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79650],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79637,4242],{"class":50},[44,79639,116],{"class":115},[44,79641,34935],{"class":119},[44,79643,123],{"class":115},[44,79645,14979],{"class":826},[44,79647,55],{"class":54},[44,79649,11302],{"class":141},[44,79651,135],{"class":115},[44,79653,79654],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,79655,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,79657,79658,79660,79662,79664],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,79659,142],{"class":141},[44,79661,123],{"class":115},[44,79663,4242],{"class":119},[44,79665,135],{"class":115},[1474,79667,79669],{"id":79668},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79671,79672],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,79674,79676],{"className":37,"code":79675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79677,79678,79712,79722,79726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79679,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688,79691,79693,79695,79697,79699,79701,79703,79705,79708,79710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79681,4198],{"class":50},[44,79683,55],{"class":54},[44,79685,3744],{"class":115},[44,79687,112],{"class":58},[44,79689,79690],{"class":62},"zebra",[44,79692,112],{"class":58},[44,79694,129],{"class":115},[44,79696,59],{"class":58},[44,79698,57899],{"class":62},[44,79700,112],{"class":58},[44,79702,129],{"class":115},[44,79704,59],{"class":58},[44,79706,79707],{"class":62},"monkey",[44,79709,112],{"class":58},[44,79711,3757],{"class":115},[44,79713,79714,79716,79718,79720],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79715,4242],{"class":50},[44,79717,116],{"class":115},[44,79719,34935],{"class":119},[44,79721,8782],{"class":115},[44,79723,79724],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,79725,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,79727,79728,79730,79732,79734],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,79729,142],{"class":141},[44,79731,123],{"class":115},[44,79733,4242],{"class":119},[44,79735,135],{"class":115},[20,79737,155],{},[35,79739,79741],{"className":37,"code":79740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79742,79743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79744,79745,79747,79749,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765,79767,79769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79746,4027],{"class":115},[44,79748,1338],{"class":58},[44,79750,57899],{"class":62},[44,79752,1338],{"class":58},[44,79754,129],{"class":115},[44,79756,1332],{"class":58},[44,79758,79707],{"class":62},[44,79760,1338],{"class":58},[44,79762,129],{"class":115},[44,79764,1332],{"class":58},[44,79766,79690],{"class":62},[44,79768,1338],{"class":58},[44,79770,3757],{"class":115},[20,79772,189,79773,79775],{},[15,79774,78716],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1474,79777,60842],{"id":60841},[20,79779,79780],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,79782,79784],{"className":37,"code":79783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79785,79786,79796,79810,79824,79838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79787,79788,79790,79792,79794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79789,142],{"class":141},[44,79791,123],{"class":115},[44,79793,8477],{"class":119},[44,79795,135],{"class":115},[44,79797,79798,79800,79802,79804,79806,79808],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,79799,142],{"class":141},[44,79801,123],{"class":115},[44,79803,1297],{"class":1296},[44,79805,123],{"class":115},[44,79807,8477],{"class":119},[44,79809,567],{"class":115},[44,79811,79812,79814,79816,79818,79820,79822],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,79813,142],{"class":141},[44,79815,123],{"class":115},[44,79817,8477],{"class":119},[44,79819,116],{"class":115},[44,79821,34935],{"class":119},[44,79823,7332],{"class":115},[44,79825,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,79827,142],{"class":141},[44,79829,123],{"class":115},[44,79831,74645],{"class":141},[44,79833,123],{"class":115},[44,79835,8477],{"class":119},[44,79837,567],{"class":115},[44,79839,79840,79842,79844,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854,79856,79858,79860],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,79841,142],{"class":141},[44,79843,3108],{"class":115},[44,79845,1297],{"class":1296},[44,79847,123],{"class":115},[44,79849,23446],{"class":119},[44,79851,3784],{"class":115},[44,79853,4004],{"class":4003},[44,79855,6096],{"class":119},[44,79857,887],{"class":4003},[44,79859,8534],{"class":119},[44,79861,4015],{"class":115},[20,79863,11311],{},[218,79865,79866,79869,79872,79879,79885],{},[221,79867,79868],{},"What values are in the list",[221,79870,79871],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[221,79873,79874,79875,2518,79877],{},"That ",[15,79876,64444],{},[15,79878,3904],{},[221,79880,79881,79882,79884],{},"Whether ",[15,79883,74555],{}," works better for your case",[221,79886,79887],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79889,79890,79891,79893],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79892,3129],{}," problems.",[30,79895,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,79897,12844,79899,55599],{"id":79898},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79900,77998],{},[20,79902,62735,79903,116],{},[15,79904,3904],{},[1474,79906,5312,79908,536,79910,1995],{"id":79907},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79909,64444],{},[15,79911,74555],{},[20,79913,79914,79916,79917,79919],{},[15,79915,64444],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79918,74555],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1474,79921,79923],{"id":79922},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79925,18832],{},[35,79927,79929],{"className":37,"code":79928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79930,79931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79932,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79934,8477],{"class":50},[44,79936,116],{"class":115},[44,79938,34935],{"class":119},[44,79940,123],{"class":115},[44,79942,73708],{"class":826},[44,79944,55],{"class":54},[44,79946,3724],{"class":3978},[44,79948,135],{"class":115},[1474,79950,79952],{"id":79951},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79954,18832],{},[35,79956,79958],{"className":37,"code":79957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79959,79960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79961,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978,79980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79963,8477],{"class":50},[44,79965,116],{"class":115},[44,79967,34935],{"class":119},[44,79969,123],{"class":115},[44,79971,14979],{"class":826},[44,79973,55],{"class":54},[44,79975,1335],{"class":1296},[44,79977,116],{"class":115},[44,79979,8779],{"class":685},[44,79981,135],{"class":115},[20,79983,79984],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1474,79986,79988,79989,79991],{"id":79987},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79990,3129],{}," when sorting?",[20,79993,79994],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[30,79996,2019],{"id":2018},[218,79998,79999,80004,80010,80014],{},[221,80000,80001],{},[200,80002,80003],{"href":78507},"How to sort a list in Python",[221,80005,80006],{},[200,80007,1013,80008,5918],{"href":74652},[15,80009,74555],{},[221,80011,80012],{},[200,80013,67210],{"href":51109},[221,80015,80016],{},[200,80017,79257],{"href":79256},[2048,80019,80020],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":80022},[80023,80024,80026,80027,80028,80029,80031,80033,80044,80054],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":78064,"depth":69,"text":80025},"What list.sort() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":78319,"depth":69,"text":78320},{"id":78511,"depth":69,"text":78512},{"id":78833,"depth":69,"text":80030},"Using the key argument",{"id":79098,"depth":69,"text":80032},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":80034},[80035,80037,80038,80040,80042,80043],{"id":79267,"depth":81,"text":80036},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79376,"depth":81,"text":79377},{"id":79427,"depth":81,"text":80039},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79581,"depth":81,"text":80041},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79668,"depth":81,"text":79669},{"id":60841,"depth":81,"text":60842},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":80045},[80046,80048,80050,80051,80052],{"id":79898,"depth":81,"text":80047},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79907,"depth":81,"text":80049},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79922,"depth":81,"text":79923},{"id":79951,"depth":81,"text":79952},{"id":79987,"depth":81,"text":80053},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77986,"description":80055},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80062,"title":80063,"body":80064,"description":82695,"extension":2084,"meta":82696,"navigation":84,"path":82697,"seo":82698,"stem":82699,"__hash__":82700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80065,"toc":82654},[80066,80071,80076,80079,80090,80093,80113,80115,80177,80179,80220,80229,80234,80239,80245,80256,80258,80277,80280,80285,80290,80292,80297,80311,80313,80331,80334,80351,80354,80360,80383,80388,80390,80393,80454,80456,80489,80491,80530,80538,80548,80554,80559,80652,80654,80678,80680,80698,80701,80732,80738,80743,80746,80748,80873,80875,80899,80901,80920,80926,80932,81051,81053,81070,81077,81083,81088,81095,81101,81103,81160,81163,81184,81187,81190,81251,81253,81286,81290,81360,81362,81379,81383,81386,81461,81463,81500,81503,81506,81577,81579,81640,81645,81650,81653,81667,81669,81742,81744,81764,81767,81770,81827,81889,81892,81924,81927,81942,81947,81949,81955,81958,82014,82017,82019,82038,82042,82044,82088,82097,82099,82159,82163,82166,82168,82261,82263,82378,82382,82384,82458,82461,82464,82466,82471,82536,82538,82562,82572,82574,82580,82589,82598,82607,82613,82616,82620,82623,82625,82651],[10,80067,1013,80069,3699],{"id":80068},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80070,39854],{},[20,80072,3702,80073,80075],{},[15,80074,39854],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80077,80078],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[218,80080,80081,80084,80087],{},[221,80082,80083],{},"converting numbers to strings",[221,80085,80086],{},"changing strings to integers",[221,80088,80089],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80091,80092],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[218,80094,80095,80102,80108],{},[221,80096,80097,14191,80099,80101],{},[15,80098,39854],{},[153,80100,4761],{}," return a list in Python 3",[221,80103,80104,80105],{},"it returns a ",[153,80106,80107],{},"map object",[221,80109,80110,80111],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80112,24916],{},[30,80114,33],{"id":32},[35,80116,80118],{"className":37,"code":80117,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80119,80120,80144,80163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80121,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136,80138,80140,80142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80123,3739],{"class":50},[44,80125,55],{"class":54},[44,80127,3744],{"class":115},[44,80129,3111],{"class":77},[44,80131,129],{"class":115},[44,80133,3116],{"class":77},[44,80135,129],{"class":115},[44,80137,2573],{"class":77},[44,80139,129],{"class":115},[44,80141,2579],{"class":77},[44,80143,3757],{"class":115},[44,80145,80146,80148,80150,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80147,2351],{"class":50},[44,80149,55],{"class":54},[44,80151,80152],{"class":141}," map",[44,80154,123],{"class":115},[44,80156,1335],{"class":1296},[44,80158,129],{"class":115},[44,80160,4392],{"class":119},[44,80162,135],{"class":115},[44,80164,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173,80175],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,80166,142],{"class":141},[44,80168,123],{"class":115},[44,80170,8231],{"class":1296},[44,80172,123],{"class":115},[44,80174,2386],{"class":119},[44,80176,567],{"class":115},[20,80178,155],{},[35,80180,80182],{"className":37,"code":80181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80183,80184],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80185,80186,80188,80190,80192,80194,80196,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80187,4027],{"class":115},[44,80189,1338],{"class":58},[44,80191,3111],{"class":62},[44,80193,1338],{"class":58},[44,80195,129],{"class":115},[44,80197,1332],{"class":58},[44,80199,2177],{"class":62},[44,80201,1338],{"class":58},[44,80203,129],{"class":115},[44,80205,1332],{"class":58},[44,80207,2183],{"class":62},[44,80209,1338],{"class":58},[44,80211,129],{"class":115},[44,80213,1332],{"class":58},[44,80215,2626],{"class":62},[44,80217,1338],{"class":58},[44,80219,3757],{"class":115},[20,80221,189,80222,80225,80226,80228],{},[15,80223,80224],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80227,24916],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[30,80230,3802,80232,3805],{"id":80231},"what-map-does",[15,80233,39854],{},[20,80235,80236,80238],{},[15,80237,39854],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80240,80241,80242,80244],{},"An ",[153,80243,3846],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[218,80246,80247,80249,80251,80253],{},[221,80248,38038],{},[221,80250,38041],{},[221,80252,38044],{},[221,80254,80255],{},"a range object",[20,80257,30862],{},[35,80259,80261],{"className":37,"code":80260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80262,80263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80264,80265,80267,80269,80271,80273,80275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80266,39997],{"class":141},[44,80268,123],{"class":115},[44,80270,37997],{"class":119},[44,80272,129],{"class":115},[44,80274,38002],{"class":119},[44,80276,135],{"class":115},[20,80278,80279],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80281,80282,80283,33878],{},"Important: the result is a ",[153,80284,80107],{},[20,80286,80287,80288,116],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[200,80289,5268],{"href":5267},[30,80291,351],{"id":350},[20,80293,80294,80296],{},[15,80295,39854],{}," needs at least two parts:",[218,80298,80299,80305],{},[221,80300,80301,80304],{},[153,80302,80303],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[221,80306,80307,80310],{},[153,80308,80309],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80312,3831],{},[35,80314,80315],{"className":37,"code":80260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80316,80317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80318,80319,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80320,39997],{"class":141},[44,80322,123],{"class":115},[44,80324,37997],{"class":119},[44,80326,129],{"class":115},[44,80328,38002],{"class":119},[44,80330,135],{"class":115},[20,80332,80333],{},"You can pass:",[218,80335,80336,80345,80348],{},[221,80337,80338,80339,2310,80341,2314,80343],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80340,1335],{},[15,80342,2309],{},[15,80344,2137],{},[221,80346,80347],{},"your own custom function",[221,80349,80350],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80352,80353],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80355,80356,80357,80359],{},"You will often see ",[15,80358,39854],{}," used like this:",[35,80361,80363],{"className":37,"code":80362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80364,80365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80366,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377,80379,80381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80368,8231],{"class":1296},[44,80370,123],{"class":115},[44,80372,39997],{"class":141},[44,80374,123],{"class":115},[44,80376,37997],{"class":119},[44,80378,129],{"class":115},[44,80380,4012],{"class":119},[44,80382,567],{"class":115},[20,80384,6814,80385,80387],{},[15,80386,24916],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[30,80389,11615],{"id":11614},[20,80391,80392],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,80394,80396],{"className":37,"code":80395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80397,80398,80418,80436,80440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80399,80400,80402,80404,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80401,3739],{"class":50},[44,80403,55],{"class":54},[44,80405,3744],{"class":115},[44,80407,2451],{"class":77},[44,80409,129],{"class":115},[44,80411,7928],{"class":77},[44,80413,129],{"class":115},[44,80415,7933],{"class":77},[44,80417,3757],{"class":115},[44,80419,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80421,2351],{"class":50},[44,80423,55],{"class":54},[44,80425,80152],{"class":141},[44,80427,123],{"class":115},[44,80429,1335],{"class":1296},[44,80431,129],{"class":115},[44,80433,4392],{"class":119},[44,80435,135],{"class":115},[44,80437,80438],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,80439,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,80441,80442,80444,80446,80448,80450,80452],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,80443,142],{"class":141},[44,80445,123],{"class":115},[44,80447,8231],{"class":1296},[44,80449,123],{"class":115},[44,80451,2386],{"class":119},[44,80453,567],{"class":115},[20,80455,155],{},[35,80457,80459],{"className":37,"code":80458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80460,80461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80462,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80464,4027],{"class":115},[44,80466,1338],{"class":58},[44,80468,2451],{"class":62},[44,80470,1338],{"class":58},[44,80472,129],{"class":115},[44,80474,1332],{"class":58},[44,80476,15892],{"class":62},[44,80478,1338],{"class":58},[44,80480,129],{"class":115},[44,80482,1332],{"class":58},[44,80484,36979],{"class":62},[44,80486,1338],{"class":58},[44,80488,3757],{"class":115},[20,80490,11823],{},[218,80492,80493,80498,80506,80514,80522],{},[221,80494,80495,80497],{},[15,80496,3771],{}," contains integers",[221,80499,80500,80503,80504],{},[15,80501,80502],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80505,1016],{},[221,80507,80508,42293,80511],{},[15,80509,80510],{},"str(10)",[15,80512,80513],{},"'10'",[221,80515,80516,42293,80519],{},[15,80517,80518],{},"str(20)",[15,80520,80521],{},"'20'",[221,80523,80524,42293,80527],{},[15,80525,80526],{},"str(30)",[15,80528,80529],{},"'30'",[20,80531,53783,80532,80534,80535,80537],{},[15,80533,39854],{}," applies ",[15,80536,1016],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80539,80540,80541,80543,80544,116],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80542,24916],{}," better, see ",[200,80545,1013,80546,1017],{"href":64980},[15,80547,24916],{},[30,80549,8556,80551,80553],{"id":80550},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80552,39854],{}," with your own function",[20,80555,15852,80556,80558],{},[15,80557,39854],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,80560,80562],{"className":37,"code":80561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80563,80564,80577,80587,80591,80615,80634,80638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80565,80566,80568,80571,80573,80575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80567,34987],{"class":1075},[44,80569,80570],{"class":34990}," double",[44,80572,123],{"class":115},[44,80574,2294],{"class":37799},[44,80576,8480],{"class":115},[44,80578,80579,80581,80583,80585],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80580,34998],{"class":4003},[44,80582,4007],{"class":50},[44,80584,40010],{"class":54},[44,80586,45723],{"class":77},[44,80588,80589],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,80590,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,80592,80593,80595,80597,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,80594,3739],{"class":50},[44,80596,55],{"class":54},[44,80598,3744],{"class":115},[44,80600,3111],{"class":77},[44,80602,129],{"class":115},[44,80604,3116],{"class":77},[44,80606,129],{"class":115},[44,80608,2573],{"class":77},[44,80610,129],{"class":115},[44,80612,2579],{"class":77},[44,80614,3757],{"class":115},[44,80616,80617,80619,80621,80623,80625,80628,80630,80632],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,80618,2351],{"class":50},[44,80620,55],{"class":54},[44,80622,80152],{"class":141},[44,80624,123],{"class":115},[44,80626,80627],{"class":119},"double",[44,80629,129],{"class":115},[44,80631,4392],{"class":119},[44,80633,135],{"class":115},[44,80635,80636],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,80637,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,80639,80640,80642,80644,80646,80648,80650],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,80641,142],{"class":141},[44,80643,123],{"class":115},[44,80645,8231],{"class":1296},[44,80647,123],{"class":115},[44,80649,2386],{"class":119},[44,80651,567],{"class":115},[20,80653,155],{},[35,80655,80656],{"className":37,"code":40023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80657,80658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80659,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674,80676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80661,4027],{"class":115},[44,80663,2177],{"class":77},[44,80665,129],{"class":115},[44,80667,2579],{"class":77},[44,80669,129],{"class":115},[44,80671,37780],{"class":77},[44,80673,129],{"class":115},[44,80675,6496],{"class":77},[44,80677,3757],{"class":115},[20,80679,65717],{},[218,80681,80682,80689,80695],{},[221,80683,80684,80686,80687],{},[15,80685,39854],{}," takes the function ",[15,80688,80627],{},[221,80690,80691,80692,80694],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80693,3771],{}," into that function",[221,80696,80697],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80699,80700],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[218,80702,80703,80710,80717,80725],{},[221,80704,80705,6208,80708],{},[15,80706,80707],{},"double(1)",[15,80709,2177],{},[221,80711,80712,6208,80715],{},[15,80713,80714],{},"double(2)",[15,80716,2626],{},[221,80718,80719,6208,80722],{},[15,80720,80721],{},"double(3)",[15,80723,80724],{},"6",[221,80726,80727,6208,80730],{},[15,80728,80729],{},"double(4)",[15,80731,2466],{},[30,80733,8556,80735,80737],{"id":80734},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80736,39854],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80739,80740,80742],{},[15,80741,39854],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80744,80745],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80747,238],{},[35,80749,80751],{"className":37,"code":80750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80752,80753,80770,80780,80784,80805,80826,80830,80855,80859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80754,80755,80757,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80756,34987],{"class":1075},[44,80758,80759],{"class":34990}," add_numbers",[44,80761,123],{"class":115},[44,80763,200],{"class":37799},[44,80765,129],{"class":115},[44,80767,2681],{"class":37799},[44,80769,8480],{"class":115},[44,80771,80772,80774,80776,80778],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80773,34998],{"class":4003},[44,80775,44679],{"class":50},[44,80777,2180],{"class":54},[44,80779,36319],{"class":50},[44,80781,80782],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,80783,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,80785,80786,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797,80799,80801,80803],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,80787,80788],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,80790,55],{"class":54},[44,80792,3744],{"class":115},[44,80794,3111],{"class":77},[44,80796,129],{"class":115},[44,80798,3116],{"class":77},[44,80800,129],{"class":115},[44,80802,2573],{"class":77},[44,80804,3757],{"class":115},[44,80806,80807,80810,80812,80814,80816,80818,80820,80822,80824],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,80808,80809],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,80811,55],{"class":54},[44,80813,3744],{"class":115},[44,80815,2451],{"class":77},[44,80817,129],{"class":115},[44,80819,7928],{"class":77},[44,80821,129],{"class":115},[44,80823,7933],{"class":77},[44,80825,3757],{"class":115},[44,80827,80828],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,80829,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,80831,80832,80834,80836,80838,80840,80843,80845,80848,80850,80853],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,80833,2351],{"class":50},[44,80835,55],{"class":54},[44,80837,80152],{"class":141},[44,80839,123],{"class":115},[44,80841,80842],{"class":119},"add_numbers",[44,80844,129],{"class":115},[44,80846,80847],{"class":119}," list1",[44,80849,129],{"class":115},[44,80851,80852],{"class":119}," list2",[44,80854,135],{"class":115},[44,80856,80857],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,80858,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,80860,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869,80871],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,80862,142],{"class":141},[44,80864,123],{"class":115},[44,80866,8231],{"class":1296},[44,80868,123],{"class":115},[44,80870,2386],{"class":119},[44,80872,567],{"class":115},[20,80874,155],{},[35,80876,80878],{"className":37,"code":80877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80879,80880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80881,80882,80884,80887,80889,80892,80894,80897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80883,4027],{"class":115},[44,80885,80886],{"class":77},"11",[44,80888,129],{"class":115},[44,80890,80891],{"class":77}," 22",[44,80893,129],{"class":115},[44,80895,80896],{"class":77}," 33",[44,80898,3757],{"class":115},[20,80900,2299],{},[218,80902,80903,80909,80915],{},[221,80904,80905,80906],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80907,80908],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[221,80910,80911,80912],{},"then ",[15,80913,80914],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[221,80916,80911,80917],{},[15,80918,80919],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1474,80921,80923,80925],{"id":80922},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80924,39854],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80927,80928,80929,80931],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80930,39854],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,80933,80935],{"className":37,"code":80934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80936,80937,80953,80963,80967,80991,81007,81011,81033,81037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80938,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80940,34987],{"class":1075},[44,80942,80759],{"class":34990},[44,80944,123],{"class":115},[44,80946,200],{"class":37799},[44,80948,129],{"class":115},[44,80950,2681],{"class":37799},[44,80952,8480],{"class":115},[44,80954,80955,80957,80959,80961],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,80956,34998],{"class":4003},[44,80958,44679],{"class":50},[44,80960,2180],{"class":54},[44,80962,36319],{"class":50},[44,80964,80965],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,80966,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,80968,80969,80971,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,80970,80788],{"class":50},[44,80972,55],{"class":54},[44,80974,3744],{"class":115},[44,80976,3111],{"class":77},[44,80978,129],{"class":115},[44,80980,3116],{"class":77},[44,80982,129],{"class":115},[44,80984,2573],{"class":77},[44,80986,129],{"class":115},[44,80988,2579],{"class":77},[44,80990,3757],{"class":115},[44,80992,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,80994,80809],{"class":50},[44,80996,55],{"class":54},[44,80998,3744],{"class":115},[44,81000,2451],{"class":77},[44,81002,129],{"class":115},[44,81004,7928],{"class":77},[44,81006,3757],{"class":115},[44,81008,81009],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,81010,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,81012,81013,81015,81017,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,81014,2351],{"class":50},[44,81016,55],{"class":54},[44,81018,80152],{"class":141},[44,81020,123],{"class":115},[44,81022,80842],{"class":119},[44,81024,129],{"class":115},[44,81026,80847],{"class":119},[44,81028,129],{"class":115},[44,81030,80852],{"class":119},[44,81032,135],{"class":115},[44,81034,81035],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,81036,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,81038,81039,81041,81043,81045,81047,81049],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,81040,142],{"class":141},[44,81042,123],{"class":115},[44,81044,8231],{"class":1296},[44,81046,123],{"class":115},[44,81048,2386],{"class":119},[44,81050,567],{"class":115},[20,81052,155],{},[35,81054,81056],{"className":37,"code":81055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81057,81058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81059,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81061,4027],{"class":115},[44,81063,80886],{"class":77},[44,81065,129],{"class":115},[44,81067,80891],{"class":77},[44,81069,3757],{"class":115},[20,81071,81072,81073,81076],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81074,81075],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[30,81078,81080,81082],{"id":81079},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81081,39854],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81084,38160,81085,81087],{},[15,81086,39854],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81089,81090,81091,81094],{},"This object is ",[153,81092,81093],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1474,81096,2610,81098,81100],{"id":81097},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81099,33163],{}," looks strange",[20,81102,33779],{},[35,81104,81106],{"className":37,"code":81105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81107,81108,81128,81146,81150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81109,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124,81126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81111,3739],{"class":50},[44,81113,55],{"class":54},[44,81115,3744],{"class":115},[44,81117,3111],{"class":77},[44,81119,129],{"class":115},[44,81121,3116],{"class":77},[44,81123,129],{"class":115},[44,81125,2573],{"class":77},[44,81127,3757],{"class":115},[44,81129,81130,81132,81134,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81131,2351],{"class":50},[44,81133,55],{"class":54},[44,81135,80152],{"class":141},[44,81137,123],{"class":115},[44,81139,1335],{"class":1296},[44,81141,129],{"class":115},[44,81143,4392],{"class":119},[44,81145,135],{"class":115},[44,81147,81148],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,81149,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,81151,81152,81154,81156,81158],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,81153,142],{"class":141},[44,81155,123],{"class":115},[44,81157,2386],{"class":119},[44,81159,135],{"class":115},[20,81161,81162],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,81164,81166],{"className":37,"code":81165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81167,81168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81169,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81171,1326],{"class":54},[44,81173,39997],{"class":141},[44,81175,24753],{"class":1296},[44,81177,37501],{"class":50},[44,81179,37504],{"class":1120},[44,81181,37507],{"class":34590},[44,81183,1341],{"class":54},[20,81185,81186],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81188,81189],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,81191,81193],{"className":37,"code":81192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81194,81195,81215,81233,81237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81196,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81198,3739],{"class":50},[44,81200,55],{"class":54},[44,81202,3744],{"class":115},[44,81204,3111],{"class":77},[44,81206,129],{"class":115},[44,81208,3116],{"class":77},[44,81210,129],{"class":115},[44,81212,2573],{"class":77},[44,81214,3757],{"class":115},[44,81216,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227,81229,81231],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81218,2351],{"class":50},[44,81220,55],{"class":54},[44,81222,80152],{"class":141},[44,81224,123],{"class":115},[44,81226,1335],{"class":1296},[44,81228,129],{"class":115},[44,81230,4392],{"class":119},[44,81232,135],{"class":115},[44,81234,81235],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,81236,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,81238,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,81240,142],{"class":141},[44,81242,123],{"class":115},[44,81244,8231],{"class":1296},[44,81246,123],{"class":115},[44,81248,2386],{"class":119},[44,81250,567],{"class":115},[20,81252,155],{},[35,81254,81256],{"className":37,"code":81255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81257,81258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81259,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282,81284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81261,4027],{"class":115},[44,81263,1338],{"class":58},[44,81265,3111],{"class":62},[44,81267,1338],{"class":58},[44,81269,129],{"class":115},[44,81271,1332],{"class":58},[44,81273,2177],{"class":62},[44,81275,1338],{"class":58},[44,81277,129],{"class":115},[44,81279,1332],{"class":58},[44,81281,2183],{"class":62},[44,81283,1338],{"class":58},[44,81285,3757],{"class":115},[1474,81287,81289],{"id":81288},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,81291,81293],{"className":37,"code":81292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81294,81295,81315,81333,81337,81350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81296,81297,81299,81301,81303,81305,81307,81309,81311,81313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81298,3739],{"class":50},[44,81300,55],{"class":54},[44,81302,3744],{"class":115},[44,81304,3111],{"class":77},[44,81306,129],{"class":115},[44,81308,3116],{"class":77},[44,81310,129],{"class":115},[44,81312,2573],{"class":77},[44,81314,3757],{"class":115},[44,81316,81317,81319,81321,81323,81325,81327,81329,81331],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81318,2351],{"class":50},[44,81320,55],{"class":54},[44,81322,80152],{"class":141},[44,81324,123],{"class":115},[44,81326,1335],{"class":1296},[44,81328,129],{"class":115},[44,81330,4392],{"class":119},[44,81332,135],{"class":115},[44,81334,81335],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,81336,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,81338,81339,81341,81343,81345,81348],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,81340,6093],{"class":4003},[44,81342,6096],{"class":50},[44,81344,887],{"class":4003},[44,81346,81347],{"class":50}," result",[44,81349,6530],{"class":115},[44,81351,81352,81354,81356,81358],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,81353,8206],{"class":141},[44,81355,123],{"class":115},[44,81357,23446],{"class":119},[44,81359,135],{"class":115},[20,81361,155],{},[35,81363,81365],{"className":37,"code":81364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81366,81367,81371,81375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81368,81369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81370,47048],{"class":77},[44,81372,81373],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81374,17194],{"class":77},[44,81376,81377],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,81378,46748],{"class":77},[1474,81380,81382],{"id":81381},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81384,81385],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,81387,81389],{"className":37,"code":81388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81390,81391,81411,81429,81433,81447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81392,81393,81395,81397,81399,81401,81403,81405,81407,81409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81394,3739],{"class":50},[44,81396,55],{"class":54},[44,81398,3744],{"class":115},[44,81400,3111],{"class":77},[44,81402,129],{"class":115},[44,81404,3116],{"class":77},[44,81406,129],{"class":115},[44,81408,2573],{"class":77},[44,81410,3757],{"class":115},[44,81412,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81414,2351],{"class":50},[44,81416,55],{"class":54},[44,81418,80152],{"class":141},[44,81420,123],{"class":115},[44,81422,1335],{"class":1296},[44,81424,129],{"class":115},[44,81426,4392],{"class":119},[44,81428,135],{"class":115},[44,81430,81431],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,81432,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,81434,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,81436,142],{"class":141},[44,81438,123],{"class":115},[44,81440,8231],{"class":1296},[44,81442,123],{"class":115},[44,81444,2386],{"class":119},[44,81446,567],{"class":115},[44,81448,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,81450,142],{"class":141},[44,81452,123],{"class":115},[44,81454,8231],{"class":1296},[44,81456,123],{"class":115},[44,81458,2386],{"class":119},[44,81460,567],{"class":115},[20,81462,155],{},[35,81464,81466],{"className":37,"code":81465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81467,81468,81496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81469,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81471,4027],{"class":115},[44,81473,1338],{"class":58},[44,81475,3111],{"class":62},[44,81477,1338],{"class":58},[44,81479,129],{"class":115},[44,81481,1332],{"class":58},[44,81483,2177],{"class":62},[44,81485,1338],{"class":58},[44,81487,129],{"class":115},[44,81489,1332],{"class":58},[44,81491,2183],{"class":62},[44,81493,1338],{"class":58},[44,81495,3757],{"class":115},[44,81497,81498],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81499,38434],{"class":115},[20,81501,81502],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81504,81505],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,81507,81509],{"className":37,"code":81508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81510,81511,81531,81553,81557,81567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81512,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527,81529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81514,3739],{"class":50},[44,81516,55],{"class":54},[44,81518,3744],{"class":115},[44,81520,3111],{"class":77},[44,81522,129],{"class":115},[44,81524,3116],{"class":77},[44,81526,129],{"class":115},[44,81528,2573],{"class":77},[44,81530,3757],{"class":115},[44,81532,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81534,2351],{"class":50},[44,81536,55],{"class":54},[44,81538,22695],{"class":1296},[44,81540,123],{"class":115},[44,81542,39997],{"class":141},[44,81544,123],{"class":115},[44,81546,1335],{"class":1296},[44,81548,129],{"class":115},[44,81550,4392],{"class":119},[44,81552,567],{"class":115},[44,81554,81555],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,81556,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,81558,81559,81561,81563,81565],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,81560,142],{"class":141},[44,81562,123],{"class":115},[44,81564,2386],{"class":119},[44,81566,135],{"class":115},[44,81568,81569,81571,81573,81575],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,81570,142],{"class":141},[44,81572,123],{"class":115},[44,81574,2386],{"class":119},[44,81576,135],{"class":115},[20,81578,155],{},[35,81580,81582],{"className":37,"code":81581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81583,81584,81612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81585,81586,81588,81590,81592,81594,81596,81598,81600,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81587,4027],{"class":115},[44,81589,1338],{"class":58},[44,81591,3111],{"class":62},[44,81593,1338],{"class":58},[44,81595,129],{"class":115},[44,81597,1332],{"class":58},[44,81599,2177],{"class":62},[44,81601,1338],{"class":58},[44,81603,129],{"class":115},[44,81605,1332],{"class":58},[44,81607,2183],{"class":62},[44,81609,1338],{"class":58},[44,81611,3757],{"class":115},[44,81613,81614,81616,81618,81620,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81615,4027],{"class":115},[44,81617,1338],{"class":58},[44,81619,3111],{"class":62},[44,81621,1338],{"class":58},[44,81623,129],{"class":115},[44,81625,1332],{"class":58},[44,81627,2177],{"class":62},[44,81629,1338],{"class":58},[44,81631,129],{"class":115},[44,81633,1332],{"class":58},[44,81635,2183],{"class":62},[44,81637,1338],{"class":58},[44,81639,3757],{"class":115},[30,81641,5092,81643],{"id":81642},"when-to-use-map",[15,81644,39854],{},[20,81646,81647,81649],{},[15,81648,39854],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81651,81652],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[218,81654,81655,81659,81663],{},[221,81656,81657],{},[15,81658,1335],{},[221,81660,81661],{},[15,81662,2309],{},[221,81664,81665],{},[15,81666,2137],{},[20,81668,238],{},[35,81670,81672],{"className":37,"code":81671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81673,81674,81706,81728,81732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81675,81676,81678,81680,81682,81684,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81677,3948],{"class":50},[44,81679,55],{"class":54},[44,81681,3744],{"class":115},[44,81683,1338],{"class":58},[44,81685,3111],{"class":62},[44,81687,1338],{"class":58},[44,81689,129],{"class":115},[44,81691,1332],{"class":58},[44,81693,2177],{"class":62},[44,81695,1338],{"class":58},[44,81697,129],{"class":115},[44,81699,1332],{"class":58},[44,81701,2183],{"class":62},[44,81703,1338],{"class":58},[44,81705,3757],{"class":115},[44,81707,81708,81710,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81709,3739],{"class":50},[44,81711,55],{"class":54},[44,81713,22695],{"class":1296},[44,81715,123],{"class":115},[44,81717,39997],{"class":141},[44,81719,123],{"class":115},[44,81721,2309],{"class":1296},[44,81723,129],{"class":115},[44,81725,4012],{"class":119},[44,81727,567],{"class":115},[44,81729,81730],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,81731,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,81733,81734,81736,81738,81740],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,81735,142],{"class":141},[44,81737,123],{"class":115},[44,81739,3771],{"class":119},[44,81741,135],{"class":115},[20,81743,155],{},[35,81745,81746],{"className":37,"code":55280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81747,81748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81749,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758,81760,81762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81751,4027],{"class":115},[44,81753,3111],{"class":77},[44,81755,129],{"class":115},[44,81757,3116],{"class":77},[44,81759,129],{"class":115},[44,81761,2573],{"class":77},[44,81763,3757],{"class":115},[20,81765,81766],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81768,81769],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,81771,81773],{"className":37,"code":81772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81774,81775,81795,81817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81776,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81778,3739],{"class":50},[44,81780,55],{"class":54},[44,81782,3744],{"class":115},[44,81784,3111],{"class":77},[44,81786,129],{"class":115},[44,81788,3116],{"class":77},[44,81790,129],{"class":115},[44,81792,2573],{"class":77},[44,81794,3757],{"class":115},[44,81796,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81815],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81798,2351],{"class":50},[44,81800,55],{"class":54},[44,81802,22695],{"class":1296},[44,81804,123],{"class":115},[44,81806,39997],{"class":141},[44,81808,123],{"class":115},[44,81810,1335],{"class":1296},[44,81812,129],{"class":115},[44,81814,4392],{"class":119},[44,81816,567],{"class":115},[44,81818,81819,81821,81823,81825],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,81820,142],{"class":141},[44,81822,123],{"class":115},[44,81824,2386],{"class":119},[44,81826,135],{"class":115},[35,81828,81830],{"className":37,"code":81829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81831,81832,81852,81879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81833,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844,81846,81848,81850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81835,3739],{"class":50},[44,81837,55],{"class":54},[44,81839,3744],{"class":115},[44,81841,3111],{"class":77},[44,81843,129],{"class":115},[44,81845,3116],{"class":77},[44,81847,129],{"class":115},[44,81849,2573],{"class":77},[44,81851,3757],{"class":115},[44,81853,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866,81868,81870,81873,81875,81877],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81855,2351],{"class":50},[44,81857,55],{"class":54},[44,81859,3744],{"class":115},[44,81861,1335],{"class":1296},[44,81863,123],{"class":115},[44,81865,76161],{"class":119},[44,81867,3784],{"class":115},[44,81869,4004],{"class":4003},[44,81871,81872],{"class":50}," n ",[44,81874,887],{"class":4003},[44,81876,4392],{"class":50},[44,81878,3757],{"class":115},[44,81880,81881,81883,81885,81887],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,81882,142],{"class":141},[44,81884,123],{"class":115},[44,81886,2386],{"class":119},[44,81888,135],{"class":115},[20,81890,81891],{},"Both produce:",[35,81893,81894],{"className":37,"code":81255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81895,81896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81897,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916,81918,81920,81922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81899,4027],{"class":115},[44,81901,1338],{"class":58},[44,81903,3111],{"class":62},[44,81905,1338],{"class":58},[44,81907,129],{"class":115},[44,81909,1332],{"class":58},[44,81911,2177],{"class":62},[44,81913,1338],{"class":58},[44,81915,129],{"class":115},[44,81917,1332],{"class":58},[44,81919,2183],{"class":62},[44,81921,1338],{"class":58},[44,81923,3757],{"class":115},[20,81925,81926],{},"A simple rule:",[218,81928,81929,81934,81939],{},[221,81930,40128,81931,81933],{},[15,81932,39854],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[221,81935,40134,81936,81938],{},[15,81937,6093],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[221,81940,81941],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81943,81944,81945,116],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[200,81946,4522],{"href":4521},[30,81948,4648],{"id":4647},[1474,81950,81952,81953],{"id":81951},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81954,24916],{},[20,81956,81957],{},"This is very common:",[35,81959,81960],{"className":37,"code":81105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81961,81962,81982,82000,82004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81963,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972,81974,81976,81978,81980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81965,3739],{"class":50},[44,81967,55],{"class":54},[44,81969,3744],{"class":115},[44,81971,3111],{"class":77},[44,81973,129],{"class":115},[44,81975,3116],{"class":77},[44,81977,129],{"class":115},[44,81979,2573],{"class":77},[44,81981,3757],{"class":115},[44,81983,81984,81986,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,81985,2351],{"class":50},[44,81987,55],{"class":54},[44,81989,80152],{"class":141},[44,81991,123],{"class":115},[44,81993,1335],{"class":1296},[44,81995,129],{"class":115},[44,81997,4392],{"class":119},[44,81999,135],{"class":115},[44,82001,82002],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,82003,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,82005,82006,82008,82010,82012],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,82007,142],{"class":141},[44,82009,123],{"class":115},[44,82011,2386],{"class":119},[44,82013,135],{"class":115},[20,82015,82016],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,82018,39399],{},[35,82020,82022],{"className":37,"code":82021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,82023,82024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82025,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034,82036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82027,142],{"class":141},[44,82029,123],{"class":115},[44,82031,8231],{"class":1296},[44,82033,123],{"class":115},[44,82035,2386],{"class":119},[44,82037,567],{"class":115},[1474,82039,82041],{"id":82040},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,82043,16781],{},[35,82045,82047],{"className":37,"code":82046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,82048,82049,82069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82050,82051,82053,82055,82057,82059,82061,82063,82065,82067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82052,3739],{"class":50},[44,82054,55],{"class":54},[44,82056,3744],{"class":115},[44,82058,3111],{"class":77},[44,82060,129],{"class":115},[44,82062,3116],{"class":77},[44,82064,129],{"class":115},[44,82066,2573],{"class":77},[44,82068,3757],{"class":115},[44,82070,82071,82073,82075,82077,82079,82081,82084,82086],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82072,2351],{"class":50},[44,82074,55],{"class":54},[44,82076,80152],{"class":141},[44,82078,123],{"class":115},[44,82080,1335],{"class":1296},[44,82082,82083],{"class":115},"(),",[44,82085,4392],{"class":119},[44,82087,135],{"class":115},[20,82089,82090,82091,82093,82094,82096],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82092,1016],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82095,39854],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82098,16793],{},[35,82100,82101],{"className":37,"code":81192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82102,82103,82123,82141,82145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82104,82105,82107,82109,82111,82113,82115,82117,82119,82121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82106,3739],{"class":50},[44,82108,55],{"class":54},[44,82110,3744],{"class":115},[44,82112,3111],{"class":77},[44,82114,129],{"class":115},[44,82116,3116],{"class":77},[44,82118,129],{"class":115},[44,82120,2573],{"class":77},[44,82122,3757],{"class":115},[44,82124,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82126,2351],{"class":50},[44,82128,55],{"class":54},[44,82130,80152],{"class":141},[44,82132,123],{"class":115},[44,82134,1335],{"class":1296},[44,82136,129],{"class":115},[44,82138,4392],{"class":119},[44,82140,135],{"class":115},[44,82142,82143],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,82144,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,82146,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,82148,142],{"class":141},[44,82150,123],{"class":115},[44,82152,8231],{"class":1296},[44,82154,123],{"class":115},[44,82156,2386],{"class":119},[44,82158,567],{"class":115},[1474,82160,82162],{"id":82161},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82164,82165],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82167,16781],{},[35,82169,82171],{"className":37,"code":82170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82172,82173,82190,82200,82204,82224,82243,82247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82174,82175,82177,82180,82182,82184,82186,82188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82176,34987],{"class":1075},[44,82178,82179],{"class":34990}," add",[44,82181,123],{"class":115},[44,82183,200],{"class":37799},[44,82185,129],{"class":115},[44,82187,2681],{"class":37799},[44,82189,8480],{"class":115},[44,82191,82192,82194,82196,82198],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82193,34998],{"class":4003},[44,82195,44679],{"class":50},[44,82197,2180],{"class":54},[44,82199,36319],{"class":50},[44,82201,82202],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,82203,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,82205,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214,82216,82218,82220,82222],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,82207,3739],{"class":50},[44,82209,55],{"class":54},[44,82211,3744],{"class":115},[44,82213,3111],{"class":77},[44,82215,129],{"class":115},[44,82217,3116],{"class":77},[44,82219,129],{"class":115},[44,82221,2573],{"class":77},[44,82223,3757],{"class":115},[44,82225,82226,82228,82230,82232,82234,82237,82239,82241],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,82227,2351],{"class":50},[44,82229,55],{"class":54},[44,82231,80152],{"class":141},[44,82233,123],{"class":115},[44,82235,82236],{"class":119},"add",[44,82238,129],{"class":115},[44,82240,4392],{"class":119},[44,82242,135],{"class":115},[44,82244,82245],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,82246,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,82248,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,82250,142],{"class":141},[44,82252,123],{"class":115},[44,82254,8231],{"class":1296},[44,82256,123],{"class":115},[44,82258,2386],{"class":119},[44,82260,567],{"class":115},[20,82262,16793],{},[35,82264,82266],{"className":37,"code":82265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82267,82268,82284,82294,82298,82318,82338,82360,82364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82269,82270,82272,82274,82276,82278,82280,82282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82271,34987],{"class":1075},[44,82273,82179],{"class":34990},[44,82275,123],{"class":115},[44,82277,200],{"class":37799},[44,82279,129],{"class":115},[44,82281,2681],{"class":37799},[44,82283,8480],{"class":115},[44,82285,82286,82288,82290,82292],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82287,34998],{"class":4003},[44,82289,44679],{"class":50},[44,82291,2180],{"class":54},[44,82293,36319],{"class":50},[44,82295,82296],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,82297,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,82299,82300,82302,82304,82306,82308,82310,82312,82314,82316],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,82301,80788],{"class":50},[44,82303,55],{"class":54},[44,82305,3744],{"class":115},[44,82307,3111],{"class":77},[44,82309,129],{"class":115},[44,82311,3116],{"class":77},[44,82313,129],{"class":115},[44,82315,2573],{"class":77},[44,82317,3757],{"class":115},[44,82319,82320,82322,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82334,82336],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,82321,80809],{"class":50},[44,82323,55],{"class":54},[44,82325,3744],{"class":115},[44,82327,2451],{"class":77},[44,82329,129],{"class":115},[44,82331,7928],{"class":77},[44,82333,129],{"class":115},[44,82335,7933],{"class":77},[44,82337,3757],{"class":115},[44,82339,82340,82342,82344,82346,82348,82350,82352,82354,82356,82358],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,82341,2351],{"class":50},[44,82343,55],{"class":54},[44,82345,80152],{"class":141},[44,82347,123],{"class":115},[44,82349,82236],{"class":119},[44,82351,129],{"class":115},[44,82353,80847],{"class":119},[44,82355,129],{"class":115},[44,82357,80852],{"class":119},[44,82359,135],{"class":115},[44,82361,82362],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,82363,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,82365,82366,82368,82370,82372,82374,82376],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,82367,142],{"class":141},[44,82369,123],{"class":115},[44,82371,8231],{"class":1296},[44,82373,123],{"class":115},[44,82375,2386],{"class":119},[44,82377,567],{"class":115},[1474,82379,82381],{"id":82380},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82383,16781],{},[35,82385,82386],{"className":37,"code":81388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82387,82388,82408,82426,82430,82444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82389,82390,82392,82394,82396,82398,82400,82402,82404,82406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82391,3739],{"class":50},[44,82393,55],{"class":54},[44,82395,3744],{"class":115},[44,82397,3111],{"class":77},[44,82399,129],{"class":115},[44,82401,3116],{"class":77},[44,82403,129],{"class":115},[44,82405,2573],{"class":77},[44,82407,3757],{"class":115},[44,82409,82410,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82422,82424],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82411,2351],{"class":50},[44,82413,55],{"class":54},[44,82415,80152],{"class":141},[44,82417,123],{"class":115},[44,82419,1335],{"class":1296},[44,82421,129],{"class":115},[44,82423,4392],{"class":119},[44,82425,135],{"class":115},[44,82427,82428],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,82429,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,82431,82432,82434,82436,82438,82440,82442],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,82433,142],{"class":141},[44,82435,123],{"class":115},[44,82437,8231],{"class":1296},[44,82439,123],{"class":115},[44,82441,2386],{"class":119},[44,82443,567],{"class":115},[44,82445,82446,82448,82450,82452,82454,82456],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,82447,142],{"class":141},[44,82449,123],{"class":115},[44,82451,8231],{"class":1296},[44,82453,123],{"class":115},[44,82455,2386],{"class":119},[44,82457,567],{"class":115},[20,82459,82460],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82462,82463],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[30,82465,1868],{"id":1867},[20,82467,9015,82468,82470],{},[15,82469,39854],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,82472,82474],{"className":37,"code":82473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82475,82476,82486,82500,82514,82526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82477,82478,82480,82482,82484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82479,142],{"class":141},[44,82481,123],{"class":115},[44,82483,2386],{"class":119},[44,82485,135],{"class":115},[44,82487,82488,82490,82492,82494,82496,82498],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82489,142],{"class":141},[44,82491,123],{"class":115},[44,82493,8231],{"class":1296},[44,82495,123],{"class":115},[44,82497,2386],{"class":119},[44,82499,567],{"class":115},[44,82501,82502,82504,82506,82508,82510,82512],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,82503,142],{"class":141},[44,82505,123],{"class":115},[44,82507,1297],{"class":1296},[44,82509,123],{"class":115},[44,82511,2386],{"class":119},[44,82513,567],{"class":115},[44,82515,82516,82518,82520,82522,82524],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,82517,6093],{"class":4003},[44,82519,6096],{"class":50},[44,82521,887],{"class":4003},[44,82523,81347],{"class":50},[44,82525,6530],{"class":115},[44,82527,82528,82530,82532,82534],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,82529,8206],{"class":141},[44,82531,123],{"class":115},[44,82533,23446],{"class":119},[44,82535,135],{"class":115},[20,82537,12812],{},[218,82539,82540,82545,82550,82556],{},[221,82541,82542,82544],{},[15,82543,33163],{}," shows that you have a map object",[221,82546,82547,82549],{},[15,82548,33171],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[221,82551,82552,82555],{},[15,82553,82554],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[221,82557,82558,82559,82561],{},"looping over ",[15,82560,2386],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82563,82564,82565,82568,82569,82571],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82566,82567],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82570,6093],{}," loop consume the map object.",[30,82573,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,82575,12844,82577,82579],{"id":82576},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82578,39854],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82581,82582,82583,82585,82586,24074],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82584,39854],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82587,82588],{},"list(map(...))",[1474,82590,2006,82592,82594,82595,82597],{"id":82591},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82593,39854],{}," better than a ",[15,82596,6093],{}," loop?",[20,82599,82600,82601,82603,82604,82606],{},"Not always. ",[15,82602,39854],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82605,6093],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1474,82608,5302,82610,82612],{"id":82609},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82611,39854],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82614,82615],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1474,82617,82619],{"id":82618},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82621,82622],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[30,82624,2019],{"id":2018},[218,82626,82627,82633,82639,82643,82647],{},[221,82628,82629],{},[200,82630,1013,82631,1017],{"href":40223},[15,82632,37712],{},[221,82634,82635],{},[200,82636,1013,82637,1017],{"href":64980},[15,82638,24916],{},[221,82640,82641],{},[200,82642,5354],{"href":5263},[221,82644,82645],{},[200,82646,5359],{"href":4521},[221,82648,82649],{},[200,82650,5349],{"href":5267},[2048,82652,82653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":82655},[82656,82657,82659,82660,82661,82663,82668,82675,82677,82684,82685,82694],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":80231,"depth":69,"text":82658},"What map() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":80550,"depth":69,"text":82662},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80734,"depth":69,"text":82664,"children":82665},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82666],{"id":80922,"depth":81,"text":82667},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81079,"depth":69,"text":82669,"children":82670},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82671,82673,82674],{"id":81097,"depth":81,"text":82672},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81288,"depth":81,"text":81289},{"id":81381,"depth":81,"text":81382},{"id":81642,"depth":69,"text":82676},"When to use map()",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":82678},[82679,82681,82682,82683],{"id":81951,"depth":81,"text":82680},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":82040,"depth":81,"text":82041},{"id":82161,"depth":81,"text":82162},{"id":82380,"depth":81,"text":82381},{"id":1867,"depth":69,"text":1868},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":82686},[82687,82689,82691,82693],{"id":82576,"depth":81,"text":82688},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82591,"depth":81,"text":82690},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82609,"depth":81,"text":82692},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82618,"depth":81,"text":82619},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80063,"description":82695},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82702,"title":82703,"body":82704,"description":84722,"extension":2084,"meta":84723,"navigation":84,"path":84724,"seo":84725,"stem":84726,"__hash__":84727},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82705,"toc":84680},[82706,82712,82717,82720,82728,82731,82733,82857,82859,82877,82879,82899,82904,82908,82922,82925,82928,82930,82935,83047,83050,83068,83074,83077,83139,83141,83150,83153,83167,83169,83216,83218,83227,83237,83243,83246,83273,83275,83283,83286,83289,83359,83361,83369,83372,83377,83382,83433,83435,83443,83446,83448,83464,83466,83518,83521,83527,83531,83536,83539,83543,83602,83604,83613,83619,83628,83632,83695,83697,83705,83710,83714,83719,83799,83801,83810,83817,83822,83827,83830,83865,83867,83875,83878,83884,83886,83936,83938,83947,83950,83968,83970,83975,83981,83988,84015,84017,84040,84045,84080,84085,84091,84096,84139,84142,84145,84184,84191,84197,84202,84217,84221,84228,84231,84235,84240,84244,84249,84251,84312,84314,84343,84348,84355,84364,84366,84369,84394,84396,84499,84502,84520,84529,84531,84536,84539,84545,84548,84550,84560,84566,84570,84628,84635,84643,84645,84677],[10,82707,1013,82709,3699],{"id":82708},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82710,82711],{},"max()",[20,82713,9263,82714,82716],{},[15,82715,82711],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82718,82719],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[218,82721,82722,82725],{},[221,82723,82724],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[221,82726,82727],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82729,82730],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[30,82732,33],{"id":32},[35,82734,82736],{"className":37,"code":82735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82737,82738,82762,82777,82781,82807,82811,82843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82739,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758,82760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82741,3739],{"class":50},[44,82743,55],{"class":54},[44,82745,3744],{"class":115},[44,82747,2183],{"class":77},[44,82749,129],{"class":115},[44,82751,6496],{"class":77},[44,82753,129],{"class":115},[44,82755,3116],{"class":77},[44,82757,129],{"class":115},[44,82759,4735],{"class":77},[44,82761,3757],{"class":115},[44,82763,82764,82766,82768,82771,82773,82775],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82765,142],{"class":141},[44,82767,123],{"class":115},[44,82769,82770],{"class":141},"max",[44,82772,123],{"class":115},[44,82774,3771],{"class":119},[44,82776,567],{"class":115},[44,82778,82779],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,82780,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,82782,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,82784,142],{"class":141},[44,82786,123],{"class":115},[44,82788,82770],{"class":141},[44,82790,123],{"class":115},[44,82792,2183],{"class":77},[44,82794,129],{"class":115},[44,82796,6496],{"class":77},[44,82798,129],{"class":115},[44,82800,3116],{"class":77},[44,82802,129],{"class":115},[44,82804,4735],{"class":77},[44,82806,567],{"class":115},[44,82808,82809],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,82810,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,82812,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833,82835,82837,82839,82841],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,82814,4198],{"class":50},[44,82816,55],{"class":54},[44,82818,3744],{"class":115},[44,82820,112],{"class":58},[44,82822,4207],{"class":62},[44,82824,112],{"class":58},[44,82826,129],{"class":115},[44,82828,59],{"class":58},[44,82830,4216],{"class":62},[44,82832,112],{"class":58},[44,82834,129],{"class":115},[44,82836,59],{"class":58},[44,82838,78875],{"class":62},[44,82840,112],{"class":58},[44,82842,3757],{"class":115},[44,82844,82845,82847,82849,82851,82853,82855],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,82846,142],{"class":141},[44,82848,123],{"class":115},[44,82850,82770],{"class":141},[44,82852,123],{"class":115},[44,82854,4242],{"class":119},[44,82856,567],{"class":115},[20,82858,155],{},[35,82860,82862],{"className":37,"code":82861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82863,82864,82868,82872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82865,82866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82867,2502],{"class":77},[44,82869,82870],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82871,2502],{"class":77},[44,82873,82874],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,82875,82876],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,82878,20094],{},[218,82880,82881,82887,82893],{},[221,82882,82883,82886],{},[15,82884,82885],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[221,82888,82889,82892],{},[15,82890,82891],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[221,82894,82895,82898],{},[15,82896,82897],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[30,82900,3802,82902,3805],{"id":82901},"what-max-does",[15,82903,82711],{},[20,82905,82906,790],{},[15,82907,82711],{},[218,82909,82910,82913,82916,82919],{},[221,82911,82912],{},"Returns the largest item",[221,82914,82915],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[221,82917,82918],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[221,82920,82921],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82923,82924],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82926,82927],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[30,82929,351],{"id":350},[20,82931,82932,82933,790],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82934,82711],{},[35,82936,82938],{"className":37,"code":82937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82939,82940,82950,82974,82996,83019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82941,82942,82944,82946,82948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82943,82770],{"class":141},[44,82945,123],{"class":115},[44,82947,3846],{"class":119},[44,82949,135],{"class":115},[44,82951,82952,82954,82956,82958,82960,82963,82965,82967,82969,82972],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,82953,82770],{"class":141},[44,82955,123],{"class":115},[44,82957,3846],{"class":119},[44,82959,129],{"class":115},[44,82961,82962],{"class":54}," *",[44,82964,129],{"class":115},[44,82966,21717],{"class":826},[44,82968,55],{"class":54},[44,82970,82971],{"class":119},"func",[44,82973,135],{"class":115},[44,82975,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990,82992,82994],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,82977,82770],{"class":141},[44,82979,123],{"class":115},[44,82981,3846],{"class":119},[44,82983,129],{"class":115},[44,82985,82962],{"class":54},[44,82987,129],{"class":115},[44,82989,26658],{"class":826},[44,82991,55],{"class":54},[44,82993,379],{"class":119},[44,82995,135],{"class":115},[44,82997,82998,83000,83002,83005,83007,83010,83012,83014,83017],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,82999,82770],{"class":141},[44,83001,123],{"class":115},[44,83003,83004],{"class":119},"arg1",[44,83006,129],{"class":115},[44,83008,83009],{"class":119}," arg2",[44,83011,129],{"class":115},[44,83013,82962],{"class":54},[44,83015,83016],{"class":119},"args",[44,83018,135],{"class":115},[44,83020,83021,83023,83025,83027,83029,83031,83033,83035,83037,83039,83041,83043,83045],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,83022,82770],{"class":141},[44,83024,123],{"class":115},[44,83026,83004],{"class":119},[44,83028,129],{"class":115},[44,83030,83009],{"class":119},[44,83032,129],{"class":115},[44,83034,82962],{"class":54},[44,83036,83016],{"class":119},[44,83038,129],{"class":115},[44,83040,21717],{"class":826},[44,83042,55],{"class":54},[44,83044,82971],{"class":119},[44,83046,135],{"class":115},[20,83048,83049],{},"The most important parts are:",[218,83051,83052,83057,83062],{},[221,83053,83054,83056],{},[15,83055,3846],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[221,83058,83059,83061],{},[15,83060,14979],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[221,83063,83064,83067],{},[15,83065,83066],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[30,83069,8556,83071,83073],{"id":83070},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83072,82711],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83075,83076],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,83078,83080],{"className":37,"code":83079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83081,83082,83108,83124,83128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83083,83084,83086,83088,83090,83093,83095,83097,83099,83101,83103,83106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83085,5195],{"class":50},[44,83087,55],{"class":54},[44,83089,3744],{"class":115},[44,83091,83092],{"class":77},"72",[44,83094,129],{"class":115},[44,83096,51640],{"class":77},[44,83098,129],{"class":115},[44,83100,13645],{"class":77},[44,83102,129],{"class":115},[44,83104,83105],{"class":77}," 66",[44,83107,3757],{"class":115},[44,83109,83110,83113,83115,83118,83120,83122],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83111,83112],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,83114,55],{"class":54},[44,83116,83117],{"class":141}," max",[44,83119,123],{"class":115},[44,83121,16526],{"class":119},[44,83123,135],{"class":115},[44,83125,83126],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,83127,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,83129,83130,83132,83134,83137],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,83131,142],{"class":141},[44,83133,123],{"class":115},[44,83135,83136],{"class":119},"highest_score",[44,83138,135],{"class":115},[20,83140,155],{},[35,83142,83144],{"className":37,"code":83143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,83145,83146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83147,83148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83149,83143],{"class":77},[20,83151,83152],{},"This works well for:",[218,83154,83155,83158,83161,83164],{},[221,83156,83157],{},"Scores",[221,83159,83160],{},"Prices",[221,83162,83163],{},"Ages",[221,83165,83166],{},"Counts",[20,83168,1127],{},[35,83170,83172],{"className":37,"code":83171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83173,83174,83202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83175,83176,83179,83181,83183,83185,83187,83190,83192,83195,83197,83200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83177,83178],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,83180,55],{"class":54},[44,83182,3744],{"class":115},[44,83184,40535],{"class":77},[44,83186,129],{"class":115},[44,83188,83189],{"class":77}," 5.50",[44,83191,129],{"class":115},[44,83193,83194],{"class":77}," 12.75",[44,83196,129],{"class":115},[44,83198,83199],{"class":77}," 29.00",[44,83201,3757],{"class":115},[44,83203,83204,83206,83208,83210,83212,83214],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83205,142],{"class":141},[44,83207,123],{"class":115},[44,83209,82770],{"class":141},[44,83211,123],{"class":115},[44,83213,1199],{"class":119},[44,83215,567],{"class":115},[20,83217,155],{},[35,83219,83221],{"className":37,"code":83220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,83222,83223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83224,83225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83226,83220],{"class":77},[20,83228,83229,83230,83232,83233,116],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83231,82711],{}," is simpler than ",[200,83234,83235],{"href":74652},[15,83236,74555],{},[30,83238,8556,83240,83242],{"id":83239},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83241,82711],{}," with separate values",[20,83244,83245],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,83247,83249],{"className":37,"code":83248,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83250,83251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83252,83253,83255,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269,83271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83254,142],{"class":141},[44,83256,123],{"class":115},[44,83258,82770],{"class":141},[44,83260,123],{"class":115},[44,83262,2626],{"class":77},[44,83264,129],{"class":115},[44,83266,31080],{"class":77},[44,83268,129],{"class":115},[44,83270,6129],{"class":77},[44,83272,567],{"class":115},[20,83274,155],{},[35,83276,83277],{"className":37,"code":2346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83278,83279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83280,83281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83282,2346],{"class":77},[20,83284,83285],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83287,83288],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,83290,83292],{"className":37,"code":83291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83293,83294,83303,83311,83321,83325,83348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83295,83296,83298,83300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83297,2676],{"class":50},[44,83299,55],{"class":54},[44,83301,83302],{"class":77}," 15\n",[44,83304,83305,83307,83309],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83306,2704],{"class":50},[44,83308,55],{"class":54},[44,83310,2891],{"class":77},[44,83312,83313,83316,83318],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,83314,83315],{"class":50},"c ",[44,83317,55],{"class":54},[44,83319,83320],{"class":77}," 27\n",[44,83322,83323],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,83324,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,83326,83327,83330,83332,83334,83336,83338,83340,83342,83344,83346],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,83328,83329],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,83331,55],{"class":54},[44,83333,83117],{"class":141},[44,83335,123],{"class":115},[44,83337,200],{"class":119},[44,83339,129],{"class":115},[44,83341,2681],{"class":119},[44,83343,129],{"class":115},[44,83345,9820],{"class":119},[44,83347,135],{"class":115},[44,83349,83350,83352,83354,83357],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,83351,142],{"class":141},[44,83353,123],{"class":115},[44,83355,83356],{"class":119},"largest",[44,83358,135],{"class":115},[20,83360,155],{},[35,83362,83363],{"className":37,"code":46743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83364,83365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83366,83367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83368,46743],{"class":77},[20,83370,83371],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[30,83373,8556,83375,47190],{"id":83374},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83376,82711],{},[20,83378,83379,83381],{},[15,83380,82711],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,83383,83385],{"className":37,"code":83384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83386,83387,83419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83388,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413,83415,83417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83390,4198],{"class":50},[44,83392,55],{"class":54},[44,83394,3744],{"class":115},[44,83396,112],{"class":58},[44,83398,4207],{"class":62},[44,83400,112],{"class":58},[44,83402,129],{"class":115},[44,83404,59],{"class":58},[44,83406,4216],{"class":62},[44,83408,112],{"class":58},[44,83410,129],{"class":115},[44,83412,59],{"class":58},[44,83414,78875],{"class":62},[44,83416,112],{"class":58},[44,83418,3757],{"class":115},[44,83420,83421,83423,83425,83427,83429,83431],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83422,142],{"class":141},[44,83424,123],{"class":115},[44,83426,82770],{"class":141},[44,83428,123],{"class":115},[44,83430,4242],{"class":119},[44,83432,567],{"class":115},[20,83434,155],{},[35,83436,83437],{"className":37,"code":82876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83438,83439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83440,83441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83442,82876],{"class":50},[20,83444,83445],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83447,68414],{},[218,83449,83450,83458,83461],{},[221,83451,83452,712,83455,83457],{},[15,83453,83454],{},"\"pear\"",[15,83456,65407],{}," alphabetically",[221,83459,83460],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[221,83462,83463],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83465,238],{},[35,83467,83469],{"className":37,"code":83468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83470,83471,83504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83472,83473,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485,83487,83489,83492,83494,83496,83498,83500,83502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83474,4198],{"class":50},[44,83476,55],{"class":54},[44,83478,3744],{"class":115},[44,83480,112],{"class":58},[44,83482,4207],{"class":62},[44,83484,112],{"class":58},[44,83486,129],{"class":115},[44,83488,59],{"class":58},[44,83490,83491],{"class":62},"Banana",[44,83493,112],{"class":58},[44,83495,129],{"class":115},[44,83497,59],{"class":58},[44,83499,78875],{"class":62},[44,83501,112],{"class":58},[44,83503,3757],{"class":115},[44,83505,83506,83508,83510,83512,83514,83516],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83507,142],{"class":141},[44,83509,123],{"class":115},[44,83511,82770],{"class":141},[44,83513,123],{"class":115},[44,83515,4242],{"class":119},[44,83517,567],{"class":115},[20,83519,83520],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83522,83523,83524,83526],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83525,14979],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[30,83528,36750,83529,36753],{"id":78833},[15,83530,14979],{},[20,83532,213,83533,83535],{},[15,83534,14979],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83537,83538],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1474,83540,83542],{"id":83541},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,83544,83546],{"className":37,"code":83545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83547,83548,83580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83549,83550,83552,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572,83574,83576,83578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83551,4198],{"class":50},[44,83553,55],{"class":54},[44,83555,3744],{"class":115},[44,83557,112],{"class":58},[44,83559,417],{"class":62},[44,83561,112],{"class":58},[44,83563,129],{"class":115},[44,83565,59],{"class":58},[44,83567,68457],{"class":62},[44,83569,112],{"class":58},[44,83571,129],{"class":115},[44,83573,59],{"class":58},[44,83575,58258],{"class":62},[44,83577,112],{"class":58},[44,83579,3757],{"class":115},[44,83581,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83583,142],{"class":141},[44,83585,123],{"class":115},[44,83587,82770],{"class":141},[44,83589,123],{"class":115},[44,83591,4242],{"class":119},[44,83593,129],{"class":115},[44,83595,21717],{"class":826},[44,83597,55],{"class":54},[44,83599,11302],{"class":141},[44,83601,567],{"class":115},[20,83603,155],{},[35,83605,83607],{"className":37,"code":83606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,83608,83609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83610,83611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83612,83606],{"class":50},[20,83614,20908,83615,83618],{},[15,83616,83617],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83620,83621,83622,33765,83624,116],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83623,42498],{},[200,83625,83626,5918],{"href":42495},[15,83627,42498],{},[1474,83629,83631],{"id":83630},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,83633,83635],{"className":37,"code":83634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83636,83637,83669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83638,83639,83641,83643,83645,83647,83649,83651,83653,83655,83657,83659,83661,83663,83665,83667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83640,4198],{"class":50},[44,83642,55],{"class":54},[44,83644,3744],{"class":115},[44,83646,112],{"class":58},[44,83648,4207],{"class":62},[44,83650,112],{"class":58},[44,83652,129],{"class":115},[44,83654,59],{"class":58},[44,83656,83491],{"class":62},[44,83658,112],{"class":58},[44,83660,129],{"class":115},[44,83662,59],{"class":58},[44,83664,78875],{"class":62},[44,83666,112],{"class":58},[44,83668,3757],{"class":115},[44,83670,83671,83673,83675,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685,83687,83689,83691,83693],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83672,142],{"class":141},[44,83674,123],{"class":115},[44,83676,82770],{"class":141},[44,83678,123],{"class":115},[44,83680,4242],{"class":119},[44,83682,129],{"class":115},[44,83684,21717],{"class":826},[44,83686,55],{"class":54},[44,83688,1335],{"class":1296},[44,83690,116],{"class":115},[44,83692,8779],{"class":685},[44,83694,567],{"class":115},[20,83696,155],{},[35,83698,83699],{"className":37,"code":82876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83700,83701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83702,83703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83704,82876],{"class":50},[20,83706,20908,83707,83709],{},[15,83708,78829],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1474,83711,83713],{"id":83712},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83715,83716,83717,790],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83718,37796],{},[35,83720,83722],{"className":37,"code":83721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83723,83724,83767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83725,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740,83742,83745,83747,83749,83751,83754,83756,83758,83760,83763,83765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83727,7917],{"class":50},[44,83729,55],{"class":54},[44,83731,3744],{"class":115},[44,83733,112],{"class":58},[44,83735,200],{"class":62},[44,83737,112],{"class":58},[44,83739,129],{"class":115},[44,83741,59],{"class":58},[44,83743,83744],{"class":62},"bb",[44,83746,112],{"class":58},[44,83748,129],{"class":115},[44,83750,59],{"class":58},[44,83752,83753],{"class":62},"cccc",[44,83755,112],{"class":58},[44,83757,129],{"class":115},[44,83759,59],{"class":58},[44,83761,83762],{"class":62},"ddd",[44,83764,112],{"class":58},[44,83766,3757],{"class":115},[44,83768,83769,83771,83773,83775,83777,83779,83781,83783,83785,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83770,142],{"class":141},[44,83772,123],{"class":115},[44,83774,82770],{"class":141},[44,83776,123],{"class":115},[44,83778,7948],{"class":119},[44,83780,129],{"class":115},[44,83782,21717],{"class":826},[44,83784,55],{"class":54},[44,83786,37796],{"class":1075},[44,83788,269],{"class":37799},[44,83790,790],{"class":115},[44,83792,38523],{"class":141},[44,83794,123],{"class":115},[44,83796,308],{"class":119},[44,83798,3034],{"class":115},[20,83800,155],{},[35,83802,83804],{"className":37,"code":83803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,83805,83806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83807,83808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83809,83803],{"class":50},[20,83811,49680,83812,536,83814,83816],{},[15,83813,83617],{},[15,83815,78716],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[30,83818,36750,83820,36753],{"id":83819},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83821,83066],{},[20,83823,213,83824,83826],{},[15,83825,83066],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83828,83829],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,83831,83833],{"className":37,"code":83832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83834,83835,83843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83836,83837,83839,83841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83838,3739],{"class":50},[44,83840,55],{"class":54},[44,83842,7977],{"class":115},[44,83844,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857,83859,83861,83863],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83846,142],{"class":141},[44,83848,123],{"class":115},[44,83850,82770],{"class":141},[44,83852,123],{"class":115},[44,83854,3771],{"class":119},[44,83856,129],{"class":115},[44,83858,26658],{"class":826},[44,83860,55],{"class":54},[44,83862,2240],{"class":77},[44,83864,567],{"class":115},[20,83866,155],{},[35,83868,83869],{"className":37,"code":47383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83870,83871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83872,83873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83874,47383],{"class":77},[20,83876,83877],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83879,83880,83881,83883],{},"Without ",[15,83882,83066],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83885,1127],{},[35,83887,83889],{"className":37,"code":83888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83890,83891,83899,83926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83892,83893,83895,83897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83894,4198],{"class":50},[44,83896,55],{"class":54},[44,83898,7977],{"class":115},[44,83900,83901,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913,83915,83917,83919,83922,83924],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,83902,2351],{"class":50},[44,83904,55],{"class":54},[44,83906,83117],{"class":141},[44,83908,123],{"class":115},[44,83910,4242],{"class":119},[44,83912,129],{"class":115},[44,83914,26658],{"class":826},[44,83916,55],{"class":54},[44,83918,112],{"class":58},[44,83920,83921],{"class":62},"no words found",[44,83923,112],{"class":58},[44,83925,135],{"class":115},[44,83927,83928,83930,83932,83934],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,83929,142],{"class":141},[44,83931,123],{"class":115},[44,83933,2386],{"class":119},[44,83935,135],{"class":115},[20,83937,155],{},[35,83939,83941],{"className":37,"code":83940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,83942,83943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83944,83945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83946,83940],{"class":50},[20,83948,83949],{},"Important:",[218,83951,83952,83960],{},[221,83953,83954,83956,83957],{},[15,83955,83066],{}," works with ",[15,83958,83959],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[221,83961,41043,83962,83964,83965],{},[153,83963,4761],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83966,83967],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[30,83969,48117],{"id":48116},[20,83971,83972,83973,116],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83974,82711],{},[1474,83976,83978,83980],{"id":83977},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83979,40841],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83982,83983,83984,46042,83986,116],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83985,83066],{},[15,83987,40841],{},[35,83989,83991],{"className":37,"code":83990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83992,83993,84001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83994,83995,83997,83999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83996,3739],{"class":50},[44,83998,55],{"class":54},[44,84000,7977],{"class":115},[44,84002,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84004,142],{"class":141},[44,84006,123],{"class":115},[44,84008,82770],{"class":141},[44,84010,123],{"class":115},[44,84012,3771],{"class":119},[44,84014,567],{"class":115},[20,84016,29817],{},[35,84018,84020],{"className":37,"code":84019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,84021,84022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84023,84024,84026,84028,84030,84032,84035,84037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84025,40841],{"class":1296},[44,84027,790],{"class":115},[44,84029,83117],{"class":141},[44,84031,7504],{"class":115},[44,84033,84034],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,84036,168],{"class":54},[44,84038,84039],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,84041,84042,84043,790],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,84044,83066],{},[35,84046,84048],{"className":37,"code":84047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,84049,84050,84058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84051,84052,84054,84056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84053,3739],{"class":50},[44,84055,55],{"class":54},[44,84057,7977],{"class":115},[44,84059,84060,84062,84064,84066,84068,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84061,142],{"class":141},[44,84063,123],{"class":115},[44,84065,82770],{"class":141},[44,84067,123],{"class":115},[44,84069,3771],{"class":119},[44,84071,129],{"class":115},[44,84073,26658],{"class":826},[44,84075,55],{"class":54},[44,84077,3904],{"class":3978},[44,84079,567],{"class":115},[20,84081,84082,84083,116],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[200,84084,65972],{"href":73009},[1474,84086,84088,84090],{"id":84087},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84089,3129],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84092,84093,84094,116],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84095,3129],{},[35,84097,84099],{"className":37,"code":84098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84100,84101,84125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84102,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84104,7917],{"class":50},[44,84106,55],{"class":54},[44,84108,3744],{"class":115},[44,84110,2451],{"class":77},[44,84112,129],{"class":115},[44,84114,59],{"class":58},[44,84116,15892],{"class":62},[44,84118,112],{"class":58},[44,84120,129],{"class":115},[44,84122,7933],{"class":77},[44,84124,3757],{"class":115},[44,84126,84127,84129,84131,84133,84135,84137],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84128,142],{"class":141},[44,84130,123],{"class":115},[44,84132,82770],{"class":141},[44,84134,123],{"class":115},[44,84136,7948],{"class":119},[44,84138,567],{"class":115},[20,84140,84141],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84143,84144],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,84146,84148],{"className":37,"code":84147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84149,84150,84170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84151,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160,84162,84164,84166,84168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84153,7917],{"class":50},[44,84155,55],{"class":54},[44,84157,3744],{"class":115},[44,84159,2451],{"class":77},[44,84161,129],{"class":115},[44,84163,7928],{"class":77},[44,84165,129],{"class":115},[44,84167,7933],{"class":77},[44,84169,3757],{"class":115},[44,84171,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180,84182],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84173,142],{"class":141},[44,84175,123],{"class":115},[44,84177,82770],{"class":141},[44,84179,123],{"class":115},[44,84181,7948],{"class":119},[44,84183,567],{"class":115},[20,84185,84186,84187,116],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[200,84188,84190],{"href":84189},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1474,84192,84194,84196],{"id":84193},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84195,3129],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84198,84199,84201],{},[15,84200,82711],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,84203,84205],{"className":37,"code":84204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,84206,84207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84208,84209,84211,84213,84215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84210,142],{"class":141},[44,84212,123],{"class":115},[44,84214,82770],{"class":141},[44,84216,7332],{"class":115},[20,84218,3126,84219,116],{},[15,84220,3129],{},[30,84222,84224,10724,84226],{"id":84223},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84225,82711],{},[15,84227,74555],{},[20,84229,84230],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84232,84233,790],{},[15,84234,82711],{},[218,84236,84237],{},[221,84238,84239],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84241,84242,790],{},[15,84243,74555],{},[218,84245,84246],{},[221,84247,84248],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84250,238],{},[35,84252,84254],{"className":37,"code":84253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84255,84256,84280,84284,84298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84257,84258,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84259,3739],{"class":50},[44,84261,55],{"class":54},[44,84263,3744],{"class":115},[44,84265,2183],{"class":77},[44,84267,129],{"class":115},[44,84269,6496],{"class":77},[44,84271,129],{"class":115},[44,84273,3116],{"class":77},[44,84275,129],{"class":115},[44,84277,4735],{"class":77},[44,84279,3757],{"class":115},[44,84281,84282],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84283,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,84285,84286,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,84287,142],{"class":141},[44,84289,123],{"class":115},[44,84291,82770],{"class":141},[44,84293,123],{"class":115},[44,84295,3771],{"class":119},[44,84297,567],{"class":115},[44,84299,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,84301,142],{"class":141},[44,84303,123],{"class":115},[44,84305,74645],{"class":141},[44,84307,123],{"class":115},[44,84309,3771],{"class":119},[44,84311,567],{"class":115},[20,84313,155],{},[35,84315,84317],{"className":37,"code":84316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84318,84319,84323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84320,84321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84322,2502],{"class":77},[44,84324,84325,84327,84329,84331,84333,84335,84337,84339,84341],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84326,4027],{"class":115},[44,84328,2177],{"class":77},[44,84330,129],{"class":115},[44,84332,2573],{"class":77},[44,84334,129],{"class":115},[44,84336,4735],{"class":77},[44,84338,129],{"class":115},[44,84340,6496],{"class":77},[44,84342,3757],{"class":115},[20,84344,189,84345,84347],{},[15,84346,82711],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84349,189,84350,84354],{},[200,84351,84352],{"href":74652},[15,84353,74555],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84356,84357,84358,116],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[200,84359,84361],{"href":84360},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84362,84363],{},"min()",[30,84365,1467],{"id":1466},[20,84367,84368],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[218,84370,84371,84378,84381,84386,84389],{},[221,84372,29786,84373,84375,84376],{},[15,84374,82711],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84377,83066],{},[221,84379,84380],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[221,84382,1707,84383,84385],{},[15,84384,82711],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[221,84387,84388],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[221,84390,8556,84391,84393],{},[15,84392,83066],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84395,11253],{},[35,84397,84399],{"className":37,"code":84398,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84400,84401,84411,84425,84439,84453,84475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84402,84403,84405,84407,84409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84404,142],{"class":141},[44,84406,123],{"class":115},[44,84408,7948],{"class":119},[44,84410,135],{"class":115},[44,84412,84413,84415,84417,84419,84421,84423],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84414,142],{"class":141},[44,84416,123],{"class":115},[44,84418,1297],{"class":1296},[44,84420,123],{"class":115},[44,84422,7948],{"class":119},[44,84424,567],{"class":115},[44,84426,84427,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,84428,142],{"class":141},[44,84430,123],{"class":115},[44,84432,11302],{"class":141},[44,84434,123],{"class":115},[44,84436,7948],{"class":119},[44,84438,567],{"class":115},[44,84440,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449,84451],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,84442,142],{"class":141},[44,84444,123],{"class":115},[44,84446,82770],{"class":141},[44,84448,123],{"class":115},[44,84450,7948],{"class":119},[44,84452,567],{"class":115},[44,84454,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463,84465,84467,84469,84471,84473],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,84456,142],{"class":141},[44,84458,123],{"class":115},[44,84460,82770],{"class":141},[44,84462,123],{"class":115},[44,84464,7948],{"class":119},[44,84466,129],{"class":115},[44,84468,26658],{"class":826},[44,84470,55],{"class":54},[44,84472,3904],{"class":3978},[44,84474,567],{"class":115},[44,84476,84477,84479,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489,84491,84493,84495,84497],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,84478,142],{"class":141},[44,84480,3108],{"class":115},[44,84482,1297],{"class":1296},[44,84484,123],{"class":115},[44,84486,2294],{"class":119},[44,84488,3784],{"class":115},[44,84490,4004],{"class":4003},[44,84492,4007],{"class":119},[44,84494,887],{"class":4003},[44,84496,6101],{"class":119},[44,84498,4015],{"class":115},[20,84500,84501],{},"These are useful for checking:",[218,84503,84504,84509,84514,84517],{},[221,84505,84506,84507],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84508,7948],{},[221,84510,79881,84511,84513],{},[15,84512,7948],{}," is a list or some other type",[221,84515,84516],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[221,84518,84519],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84521,69478,84522,84525,84526,84528],{},[15,84523,84524],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84527,7948],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[30,84530,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,84532,5274,84534,5277],{"id":84533},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84535,82711],{},[20,84537,84538],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1474,84540,5302,84542,84544],{"id":84541},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84543,82711],{}," work with strings?",[20,84546,84547],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1474,84549,71777],{"id":71776},[20,84551,84552,52624,84554,84556,84557,84559],{},[15,84553,82711],{},[15,84555,40841],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84558,83066],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1474,84561,84563,84564,1995],{"id":84562},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84565,82711],{},[20,84567,189,84568,790],{},[15,84569,83617],{},[35,84571,84572],{"className":37,"code":83545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84573,84574,84606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84575,84576,84578,84580,84582,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596,84598,84600,84602,84604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84577,4198],{"class":50},[44,84579,55],{"class":54},[44,84581,3744],{"class":115},[44,84583,112],{"class":58},[44,84585,417],{"class":62},[44,84587,112],{"class":58},[44,84589,129],{"class":115},[44,84591,59],{"class":58},[44,84593,68457],{"class":62},[44,84595,112],{"class":58},[44,84597,129],{"class":115},[44,84599,59],{"class":58},[44,84601,58258],{"class":62},[44,84603,112],{"class":58},[44,84605,3757],{"class":115},[44,84607,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84609,142],{"class":141},[44,84611,123],{"class":115},[44,84613,82770],{"class":141},[44,84615,123],{"class":115},[44,84617,4242],{"class":119},[44,84619,129],{"class":115},[44,84621,21717],{"class":826},[44,84623,55],{"class":54},[44,84625,11302],{"class":141},[44,84627,567],{"class":115},[1474,84629,5312,84631,536,84633,1995],{"id":84630},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84632,82711],{},[15,84634,74555],{},[20,84636,84637,84639,84640,84642],{},[15,84638,82711],{}," returns one largest item. 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":84681},[84682,84683,84685,84686,84688,84690,84692,84697,84699,84707,84709,84710,84721],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":82901,"depth":69,"text":84684},"What max() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":83070,"depth":69,"text":84687},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83239,"depth":69,"text":84689},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83374,"depth":69,"text":84691},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78833,"depth":69,"text":80030,"children":84693},[84694,84695,84696],{"id":83541,"depth":81,"text":83542},{"id":83630,"depth":81,"text":83631},{"id":83712,"depth":81,"text":83713},{"id":83819,"depth":69,"text":84698},"Using the default argument",{"id":48116,"depth":69,"text":48117,"children":84700},[84701,84703,84705],{"id":83977,"depth":81,"text":84702},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84087,"depth":81,"text":84704},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84193,"depth":81,"text":84706},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84223,"depth":69,"text":84708},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":84711},[84712,84714,84716,84717,84719],{"id":84533,"depth":81,"text":84713},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84541,"depth":81,"text":84715},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71776,"depth":81,"text":71777},{"id":84562,"depth":81,"text":84718},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84630,"depth":81,"text":84720},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82703,"description":84722},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84729,"title":84730,"body":84731,"description":86685,"extension":2084,"meta":86686,"navigation":84,"path":86687,"seo":86688,"stem":86689,"__hash__":86690},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84732,"toc":86642},[84733,84738,84743,84749,84751,84825,84827,84840,84845,84850,84866,84870,84875,84951,84957,84960,85003,85005,85013,85019,85022,85053,85055,85063,85069,85074,85133,85135,85144,85147,85157,85163,85168,85203,85205,85213,85219,85225,85230,85274,85276,85285,85288,85328,85330,85339,85342,85354,85359,85364,85415,85417,85426,85429,85480,85482,85491,85494,85501,85507,85512,85514,85529,85533,85593,85595,85604,85608,85780,85782,85819,85826,85832,85835,85862,85864,85885,85890,85925,85927,85935,85938,85941,85957,85962,85964,85968,85974,85978,86005,86008,86018,86058,86062,86065,86108,86110,86119,86122,86127,86196,86198,86206,86211,86215,86218,86269,86271,86279,86282,86345,86347,86355,86358,86363,86367,86380,86387,86395,86397,86399,86429,86435,86536,86546,86548,86553,86556,86561,86564,86566,86574,86582,86590,86597,86605,86607,86639],[10,84734,1013,84736,3699],{"id":84735},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84737,84363],{},[20,84739,84740,84742],{},[15,84741,84363],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84744,84745,84746,84748],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84747,84363],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[30,84750,33],{"id":32},[35,84752,84754],{"className":37,"code":84753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84755,84756,84780,84795,84799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84757,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766,84768,84770,84772,84774,84776,84778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84759,3739],{"class":50},[44,84761,55],{"class":54},[44,84763,3744],{"class":115},[44,84765,2257],{"class":77},[44,84767,129],{"class":115},[44,84769,3116],{"class":77},[44,84771,129],{"class":115},[44,84773,54266],{"class":77},[44,84775,129],{"class":115},[44,84777,5632],{"class":77},[44,84779,3757],{"class":115},[44,84781,84782,84784,84786,84789,84791,84793],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84783,142],{"class":141},[44,84785,123],{"class":115},[44,84787,84788],{"class":141},"min",[44,84790,123],{"class":115},[44,84792,3771],{"class":119},[44,84794,567],{"class":115},[44,84796,84797],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,84798,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,84800,84801,84803,84805,84807,84809,84811,84813,84815,84817,84819,84821,84823],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,84802,142],{"class":141},[44,84804,123],{"class":115},[44,84806,84788],{"class":141},[44,84808,123],{"class":115},[44,84810,2257],{"class":77},[44,84812,129],{"class":115},[44,84814,3116],{"class":77},[44,84816,129],{"class":115},[44,84818,54266],{"class":77},[44,84820,129],{"class":115},[44,84822,5632],{"class":77},[44,84824,567],{"class":115},[20,84826,155],{},[35,84828,84830],{"className":37,"code":84829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,84831,84832,84836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84833,84834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84835,47048],{"class":77},[44,84837,84838],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84839,47048],{"class":77},[20,84841,189,84842,84844],{},[15,84843,84363],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[30,84846,3802,84848,3805],{"id":84847},"what-min-does",[15,84849,84363],{},[218,84851,84852,84857,84860,84863],{},[221,84853,84854,84856],{},[15,84855,84363],{}," returns the smallest item",[221,84858,84859],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[221,84861,84862],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[221,84864,84865],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[30,84867,84869],{"id":84868},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84871,84872,84873,790],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84874,84363],{},[35,84876,84878],{"className":37,"code":84877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84879,84880,84890,84915,84933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84881,84882,84884,84886,84888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84883,84788],{"class":141},[44,84885,123],{"class":115},[44,84887,3846],{"class":119},[44,84889,135],{"class":115},[44,84891,84892,84894,84896,84899,84901,84904,84906,84909,84911,84913],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84893,84788],{"class":141},[44,84895,123],{"class":115},[44,84897,84898],{"class":119},"value1",[44,84900,129],{"class":115},[44,84902,84903],{"class":119}," value2",[44,84905,129],{"class":115},[44,84907,84908],{"class":119}," value3",[44,84910,129],{"class":115},[44,84912,34591],{"class":141},[44,84914,135],{"class":115},[44,84916,84917,84919,84921,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,84918,84788],{"class":141},[44,84920,123],{"class":115},[44,84922,3846],{"class":119},[44,84924,129],{"class":115},[44,84926,21717],{"class":826},[44,84928,55],{"class":54},[44,84930,37507],{"class":141},[44,84932,135],{"class":115},[44,84934,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,84936,84788],{"class":141},[44,84938,123],{"class":115},[44,84940,3846],{"class":119},[44,84942,129],{"class":115},[44,84944,26658],{"class":826},[44,84946,55],{"class":54},[44,84948,37507],{"class":141},[44,84950,135],{"class":115},[1474,84952,84954],{"id":84953},"miniterable",[15,84955,84956],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84958,84959],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,84961,84963],{"className":37,"code":84962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84964,84965,84989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84966,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84968,3739],{"class":50},[44,84970,55],{"class":54},[44,84972,3744],{"class":115},[44,84974,2466],{"class":77},[44,84976,129],{"class":115},[44,84978,2573],{"class":77},[44,84980,129],{"class":115},[44,84982,31080],{"class":77},[44,84984,129],{"class":115},[44,84986,5632],{"class":77},[44,84988,3757],{"class":115},[44,84990,84991,84993,84995,84997,84999,85001],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,84992,142],{"class":141},[44,84994,123],{"class":115},[44,84996,84788],{"class":141},[44,84998,123],{"class":115},[44,85000,3771],{"class":119},[44,85002,567],{"class":115},[20,85004,155],{},[35,85006,85007],{"className":37,"code":47048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85008,85009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85010,85011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85012,47048],{"class":77},[1474,85014,85016],{"id":85015},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,85017,85018],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,85020,85021],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,85023,85025],{"className":37,"code":85024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,85026,85027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85028,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85030,142],{"class":141},[44,85032,123],{"class":115},[44,85034,84788],{"class":141},[44,85036,123],{"class":115},[44,85038,2466],{"class":77},[44,85040,129],{"class":115},[44,85042,2573],{"class":77},[44,85044,129],{"class":115},[44,85046,31080],{"class":77},[44,85048,129],{"class":115},[44,85050,5632],{"class":77},[44,85052,567],{"class":115},[20,85054,155],{},[35,85056,85057],{"className":37,"code":47048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85058,85059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85060,85061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85062,47048],{"class":77},[1474,85064,85066],{"id":85065},"miniterable-key",[15,85067,85068],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85070,189,85071,85073],{},[15,85072,14979],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,85075,85077],{"className":37,"code":85076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85078,85079,85111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85080,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091,85093,85095,85097,85099,85101,85103,85105,85107,85109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85082,4198],{"class":50},[44,85084,55],{"class":54},[44,85086,3744],{"class":115},[44,85088,112],{"class":58},[44,85090,78875],{"class":62},[44,85092,112],{"class":58},[44,85094,129],{"class":115},[44,85096,59],{"class":58},[44,85098,38478],{"class":62},[44,85100,112],{"class":58},[44,85102,129],{"class":115},[44,85104,59],{"class":58},[44,85106,4216],{"class":62},[44,85108,112],{"class":58},[44,85110,3757],{"class":115},[44,85112,85113,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85114,142],{"class":141},[44,85116,123],{"class":115},[44,85118,84788],{"class":141},[44,85120,123],{"class":115},[44,85122,4242],{"class":119},[44,85124,129],{"class":115},[44,85126,21717],{"class":826},[44,85128,55],{"class":54},[44,85130,11302],{"class":141},[44,85132,567],{"class":115},[20,85134,155],{},[35,85136,85138],{"className":37,"code":85137,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,85139,85140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85141,85142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85143,85137],{"class":50},[20,85145,85146],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85148,85149,85150,85152,85153,116],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85151,42498],{},", see the ",[200,85154,85155,1017],{"href":42495},[15,85156,42498],{},[1474,85158,85160],{"id":85159},"miniterable-default",[15,85161,85162],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85164,189,85165,85167],{},[15,85166,83066],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,85169,85171],{"className":37,"code":85170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85172,85173,85181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85174,85175,85177,85179],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85176,3739],{"class":50},[44,85178,55],{"class":54},[44,85180,7977],{"class":115},[44,85182,85183,85185,85187,85189,85191,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85184,142],{"class":141},[44,85186,123],{"class":115},[44,85188,84788],{"class":141},[44,85190,123],{"class":115},[44,85192,3771],{"class":119},[44,85194,129],{"class":115},[44,85196,26658],{"class":826},[44,85198,55],{"class":54},[44,85200,2240],{"class":77},[44,85202,567],{"class":115},[20,85204,155],{},[35,85206,85207],{"className":37,"code":47383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85208,85209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85210,85211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85212,47383],{"class":77},[20,85214,85215,85216,85218],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85217,40841],{}," when there is no item to return.",[30,85220,8556,85222,85224],{"id":85221},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85223,84363],{}," with numbers",[20,85226,85227,85229],{},[15,85228,84363],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,85231,85233],{"className":37,"code":85232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85234,85235,85260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85236,85237,85239,85241,85243,85245,85247,85250,85252,85254,85256,85258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85238,5195],{"class":50},[44,85240,55],{"class":54},[44,85242,3744],{"class":115},[44,85244,51635],{"class":77},[44,85246,129],{"class":115},[44,85248,85249],{"class":77}," 72",[44,85251,129],{"class":115},[44,85253,29042],{"class":77},[44,85255,129],{"class":115},[44,85257,76231],{"class":77},[44,85259,3757],{"class":115},[44,85261,85262,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85263,142],{"class":141},[44,85265,123],{"class":115},[44,85267,84788],{"class":141},[44,85269,123],{"class":115},[44,85271,16526],{"class":119},[44,85273,567],{"class":115},[20,85275,155],{},[35,85277,85279],{"className":37,"code":85278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,85280,85281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85282,85283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85284,85278],{"class":77},[20,85286,85287],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,85289,85291],{"className":37,"code":85290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85292,85293,85314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85294,85295,85297,85299,85301,85303,85305,85308,85310,85312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85296,83178],{"class":50},[44,85298,55],{"class":54},[44,85300,3744],{"class":115},[44,85302,40535],{"class":77},[44,85304,129],{"class":115},[44,85306,85307],{"class":77}," 5.49",[44,85309,129],{"class":115},[44,85311,83194],{"class":77},[44,85313,3757],{"class":115},[44,85315,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85317,142],{"class":141},[44,85319,123],{"class":115},[44,85321,84788],{"class":141},[44,85323,123],{"class":115},[44,85325,1199],{"class":119},[44,85327,567],{"class":115},[20,85329,155],{},[35,85331,85333],{"className":37,"code":85332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,85334,85335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85336,85337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85338,85332],{"class":77},[20,85340,85341],{},"This is useful for things like:",[218,85343,85344,85346,85348,85351],{},[221,85345,16526],{},[221,85347,1199],{},[221,85349,85350],{},"measurements",[221,85352,85353],{},"ages",[30,85355,8556,85357,47190],{"id":85356},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85358,84363],{},[20,85360,85361,85363],{},[15,85362,84363],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,85365,85367],{"className":37,"code":85366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85368,85369,85401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85370,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85372,4198],{"class":50},[44,85374,55],{"class":54},[44,85376,3744],{"class":115},[44,85378,112],{"class":58},[44,85380,4216],{"class":62},[44,85382,112],{"class":58},[44,85384,129],{"class":115},[44,85386,59],{"class":58},[44,85388,4207],{"class":62},[44,85390,112],{"class":58},[44,85392,129],{"class":115},[44,85394,59],{"class":58},[44,85396,4225],{"class":62},[44,85398,112],{"class":58},[44,85400,3757],{"class":115},[44,85402,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411,85413],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85404,142],{"class":141},[44,85406,123],{"class":115},[44,85408,84788],{"class":141},[44,85410,123],{"class":115},[44,85412,4242],{"class":119},[44,85414,567],{"class":115},[20,85416,155],{},[35,85418,85420],{"className":37,"code":85419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,85421,85422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85423,85424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85425,85419],{"class":50},[20,85427,85428],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,85430,85432],{"className":37,"code":85431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85433,85434,85466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85435,85436,85438,85440,85442,85444,85446,85448,85450,85452,85454,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85437,4198],{"class":50},[44,85439,55],{"class":54},[44,85441,3744],{"class":115},[44,85443,112],{"class":58},[44,85445,4216],{"class":62},[44,85447,112],{"class":58},[44,85449,129],{"class":115},[44,85451,59],{"class":58},[44,85453,57899],{"class":62},[44,85455,112],{"class":58},[44,85457,129],{"class":115},[44,85459,59],{"class":58},[44,85461,4225],{"class":62},[44,85463,112],{"class":58},[44,85465,3757],{"class":115},[44,85467,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85469,142],{"class":141},[44,85471,123],{"class":115},[44,85473,84788],{"class":141},[44,85475,123],{"class":115},[44,85477,4242],{"class":119},[44,85479,567],{"class":115},[20,85481,155],{},[35,85483,85485],{"className":37,"code":85484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,85486,85487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85488,85489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85490,85484],{"class":50},[20,85492,85493],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85495,85496,85497,116],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[200,85498,85499,5918],{"href":74652},[15,85500,74555],{},[30,85502,8556,85504,85506],{"id":85503},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85505,84363],{}," with a key function",[20,85508,213,85509,85511],{},[15,85510,14979],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85513,11598],{},[218,85515,85516,85521,85526],{},[221,85517,85518,85520],{},[15,85519,14979],{}," changes the comparison rule",[221,85522,85523,85525],{},[15,85524,84363],{}," still returns the original item",[221,85527,85528],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1474,85530,85532],{"id":85531},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,85534,85536],{"className":37,"code":85535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85537,85538,85571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85539,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85567,85569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85541,4198],{"class":50},[44,85543,55],{"class":54},[44,85545,3744],{"class":115},[44,85547,112],{"class":58},[44,85549,68457],{"class":62},[44,85551,112],{"class":58},[44,85553,129],{"class":115},[44,85555,59],{"class":58},[44,85557,417],{"class":62},[44,85559,112],{"class":58},[44,85561,129],{"class":115},[44,85563,59],{"class":58},[44,85565,85566],{"class":62},"giraffe",[44,85568,112],{"class":58},[44,85570,3757],{"class":115},[44,85572,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85574,142],{"class":141},[44,85576,123],{"class":115},[44,85578,84788],{"class":141},[44,85580,123],{"class":115},[44,85582,4242],{"class":119},[44,85584,129],{"class":115},[44,85586,21717],{"class":826},[44,85588,55],{"class":54},[44,85590,11302],{"class":141},[44,85592,567],{"class":115},[20,85594,155],{},[35,85596,85598],{"className":37,"code":85597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,85599,85600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85601,85602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85603,85597],{"class":50},[1474,85605,85607],{"id":85606},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,85609,85611],{"className":37,"code":85610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85612,85613,85623,85658,85690,85722,85726,85730,85769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85614,85615,85618,85620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85616,85617],{"class":50},"students ",[44,85619,55],{"class":54},[44,85621,85622],{"class":115}," [\n",[44,85624,85625,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646,85649,85651,85653,85655],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85626,85627],{"class":115},"    {",[44,85629,112],{"class":58},[44,85631,126],{"class":62},[44,85633,112],{"class":58},[44,85635,790],{"class":115},[44,85637,59],{"class":58},[44,85639,833],{"class":62},[44,85641,112],{"class":58},[44,85643,129],{"class":115},[44,85645,59],{"class":58},[44,85647,85648],{"class":62},"score",[44,85650,112],{"class":58},[44,85652,790],{"class":115},[44,85654,13645],{"class":77},[44,85656,85657],{"class":115},"},\n",[44,85659,85660,85662,85664,85666,85668,85670,85672,85674,85676,85678,85680,85682,85684,85686,85688],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,85661,85627],{"class":115},[44,85663,112],{"class":58},[44,85665,126],{"class":62},[44,85667,112],{"class":58},[44,85669,790],{"class":115},[44,85671,59],{"class":58},[44,85673,36077],{"class":62},[44,85675,112],{"class":58},[44,85677,129],{"class":115},[44,85679,59],{"class":58},[44,85681,85648],{"class":62},[44,85683,112],{"class":58},[44,85685,790],{"class":115},[44,85687,85249],{"class":77},[44,85689,85657],{"class":115},[44,85691,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,85693,85627],{"class":115},[44,85695,112],{"class":58},[44,85697,126],{"class":62},[44,85699,112],{"class":58},[44,85701,790],{"class":115},[44,85703,59],{"class":58},[44,85705,36086],{"class":62},[44,85707,112],{"class":58},[44,85709,129],{"class":115},[44,85711,59],{"class":58},[44,85713,85648],{"class":62},[44,85715,112],{"class":58},[44,85717,790],{"class":115},[44,85719,20035],{"class":77},[44,85721,9447],{"class":115},[44,85723,85724],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,85725,3757],{"class":115},[44,85727,85728],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,85729,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,85731,85732,85735,85737,85740,85742,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,85733,85734],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,85736,55],{"class":54},[44,85738,85739],{"class":141}," min",[44,85741,123],{"class":115},[44,85743,85744],{"class":119},"students",[44,85746,129],{"class":115},[44,85748,21717],{"class":826},[44,85750,55],{"class":54},[44,85752,37796],{"class":1075},[44,85754,13045],{"class":37799},[44,85756,790],{"class":115},[44,85758,13045],{"class":119},[44,85760,4027],{"class":115},[44,85762,112],{"class":58},[44,85764,85648],{"class":62},[44,85766,112],{"class":58},[44,85768,4015],{"class":115},[44,85770,85771,85773,85775,85778],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,85772,142],{"class":141},[44,85774,123],{"class":115},[44,85776,85777],{"class":119},"lowest",[44,85779,135],{"class":115},[20,85781,155],{},[35,85783,85785],{"className":37,"code":85784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85786,85787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85788,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815,85817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85790,1072],{"class":115},[44,85792,1338],{"class":58},[44,85794,126],{"class":62},[44,85796,1338],{"class":58},[44,85798,790],{"class":115},[44,85800,1332],{"class":58},[44,85802,36077],{"class":62},[44,85804,1338],{"class":58},[44,85806,129],{"class":115},[44,85808,1332],{"class":58},[44,85810,85648],{"class":62},[44,85812,1338],{"class":58},[44,85814,790],{"class":115},[44,85816,85249],{"class":77},[44,85818,9447],{"class":115},[20,85820,85821,85822,85825],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85823,85824],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[30,85827,8556,85829,85831],{"id":85828},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85830,83066],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85833,85834],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,85836,85838],{"className":37,"code":85837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85839,85840,85848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85841,85842,85844,85846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85843,3739],{"class":50},[44,85845,55],{"class":54},[44,85847,7977],{"class":115},[44,85849,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858,85860],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85851,142],{"class":141},[44,85853,123],{"class":115},[44,85855,84788],{"class":141},[44,85857,123],{"class":115},[44,85859,3771],{"class":119},[44,85861,567],{"class":115},[20,85863,155],{},[35,85865,85867],{"className":37,"code":85866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85868,85869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85870,85871,85873,85875,85877,85879,85881,85883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85872,40841],{"class":1296},[44,85874,790],{"class":115},[44,85876,85739],{"class":141},[44,85878,7504],{"class":115},[44,85880,84034],{"class":50},[44,85882,168],{"class":54},[44,85884,84039],{"class":50},[20,85886,85887,85888,790],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85889,83066],{},[35,85891,85893],{"className":37,"code":85892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85894,85895,85903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85896,85897,85899,85901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85898,3739],{"class":50},[44,85900,55],{"class":54},[44,85902,7977],{"class":115},[44,85904,85905,85907,85909,85911,85913,85915,85917,85919,85921,85923],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85906,142],{"class":141},[44,85908,123],{"class":115},[44,85910,84788],{"class":141},[44,85912,123],{"class":115},[44,85914,3771],{"class":119},[44,85916,129],{"class":115},[44,85918,26658],{"class":826},[44,85920,55],{"class":54},[44,85922,3904],{"class":3978},[44,85924,567],{"class":115},[20,85926,155],{},[35,85928,85929],{"className":37,"code":11948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85930,85931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85932,85933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85934,11948],{"class":3978},[20,85936,85937],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85939,85940],{},"Remember:",[218,85942,85943,85951],{},[221,85944,85945,85947,85948,85950],{},[15,85946,83066],{}," works only when ",[15,85949,84363],{}," gets one iterable argument",[221,85952,85953,85954],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85955,85956],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85958,85959,85960,116],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[200,85961,65972],{"href":73009},[30,85963,10884],{"id":10883},[20,85965,56906,85966,116],{},[15,85967,84363],{},[1474,85969,85971,85972],{"id":85970},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85973,83066],{},[20,85975,3126,85976,790],{},[15,85977,40841],{},[35,85979,85981],{"className":37,"code":85980,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85982,85983,85991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85984,85985,85987,85989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85986,7917],{"class":50},[44,85988,55],{"class":54},[44,85990,7977],{"class":115},[44,85992,85993,85995,85997,85999,86001,86003],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,85994,142],{"class":141},[44,85996,123],{"class":115},[44,85998,84788],{"class":141},[44,86000,123],{"class":115},[44,86002,7948],{"class":119},[44,86004,567],{"class":115},[20,86006,86007],{},"Fix it by:",[218,86009,86010,86013],{},[221,86011,86012],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[221,86014,86015,86016],{},"or using ",[15,86017,83066],{},[35,86019,86021],{"className":37,"code":86020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,86022,86023,86031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86024,86025,86027,86029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86026,7917],{"class":50},[44,86028,55],{"class":54},[44,86030,7977],{"class":115},[44,86032,86033,86035,86037,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049,86051,86054,86056],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86034,142],{"class":141},[44,86036,123],{"class":115},[44,86038,84788],{"class":141},[44,86040,123],{"class":115},[44,86042,7948],{"class":119},[44,86044,129],{"class":115},[44,86046,26658],{"class":826},[44,86048,55],{"class":54},[44,86050,112],{"class":58},[44,86052,86053],{"class":62},"no items",[44,86055,112],{"class":58},[44,86057,567],{"class":115},[1474,86059,86061],{"id":86060},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86063,86064],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,86066,86068],{"className":37,"code":86067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86069,86070,86094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86071,86072,86074,86076,86078,86080,86082,86084,86086,86088,86090,86092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86073,9306],{"class":50},[44,86075,55],{"class":54},[44,86077,3744],{"class":115},[44,86079,2451],{"class":77},[44,86081,129],{"class":115},[44,86083,59],{"class":58},[44,86085,15892],{"class":62},[44,86087,112],{"class":58},[44,86089,129],{"class":115},[44,86091,4735],{"class":77},[44,86093,3757],{"class":115},[44,86095,86096,86098,86100,86102,86104,86106],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86097,142],{"class":141},[44,86099,123],{"class":115},[44,86101,84788],{"class":141},[44,86103,123],{"class":115},[44,86105,9343],{"class":119},[44,86107,567],{"class":115},[20,86109,155],{},[35,86111,86113],{"className":37,"code":86112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,86114,86115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86116,86117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86118,86112],{"class":1296},[20,86120,86121],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86123,86124,86125,116],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86126,84363],{},[35,86128,86130],{"className":37,"code":86129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86131,86132,86156,86182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86133,86134,86136,86138,86140,86142,86144,86146,86148,86150,86152,86154],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86135,9306],{"class":50},[44,86137,55],{"class":54},[44,86139,3744],{"class":115},[44,86141,2451],{"class":77},[44,86143,129],{"class":115},[44,86145,59],{"class":58},[44,86147,15892],{"class":62},[44,86149,112],{"class":58},[44,86151,129],{"class":115},[44,86153,4735],{"class":77},[44,86155,3757],{"class":115},[44,86157,86158,86160,86162,86164,86166,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86159,3739],{"class":50},[44,86161,55],{"class":54},[44,86163,3744],{"class":115},[44,86165,2309],{"class":1296},[44,86167,123],{"class":115},[44,86169,2294],{"class":119},[44,86171,3784],{"class":115},[44,86173,4004],{"class":4003},[44,86175,4007],{"class":50},[44,86177,887],{"class":4003},[44,86179,14704],{"class":50},[44,86181,3757],{"class":115},[44,86183,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,86185,142],{"class":141},[44,86187,123],{"class":115},[44,86189,84788],{"class":141},[44,86191,123],{"class":115},[44,86193,3771],{"class":119},[44,86195,567],{"class":115},[20,86197,155],{},[35,86199,86200],{"className":37,"code":3069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86201,86202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86203,86204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86205,3069],{"class":77},[20,86207,86208,86209,116],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86210,3129],{},[1474,86212,86214],{"id":86213},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86216,86217],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,86219,86221],{"className":37,"code":86220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86222,86223,86255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86224,86225,86227,86229,86231,86233,86235,86237,86239,86241,86243,86245,86247,86249,86251,86253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86226,4198],{"class":50},[44,86228,55],{"class":54},[44,86230,3744],{"class":115},[44,86232,112],{"class":58},[44,86234,79690],{"class":62},[44,86236,112],{"class":58},[44,86238,129],{"class":115},[44,86240,59],{"class":58},[44,86242,57899],{"class":62},[44,86244,112],{"class":58},[44,86246,129],{"class":115},[44,86248,59],{"class":58},[44,86250,79707],{"class":62},[44,86252,112],{"class":58},[44,86254,3757],{"class":115},[44,86256,86257,86259,86261,86263,86265,86267],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86258,142],{"class":141},[44,86260,123],{"class":115},[44,86262,84788],{"class":141},[44,86264,123],{"class":115},[44,86266,4242],{"class":119},[44,86268,567],{"class":115},[20,86270,155],{},[35,86272,86273],{"className":37,"code":85484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86274,86275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86276,86277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86278,85484],{"class":50},[20,86280,86281],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,86283,86285],{"className":37,"code":86284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86286,86287,86319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86288,86289,86291,86293,86295,86297,86299,86301,86303,86305,86307,86309,86311,86313,86315,86317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86290,4198],{"class":50},[44,86292,55],{"class":54},[44,86294,3744],{"class":115},[44,86296,112],{"class":58},[44,86298,79690],{"class":62},[44,86300,112],{"class":58},[44,86302,129],{"class":115},[44,86304,59],{"class":58},[44,86306,57899],{"class":62},[44,86308,112],{"class":58},[44,86310,129],{"class":115},[44,86312,59],{"class":58},[44,86314,79707],{"class":62},[44,86316,112],{"class":58},[44,86318,3757],{"class":115},[44,86320,86321,86323,86325,86327,86329,86331,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86322,142],{"class":141},[44,86324,123],{"class":115},[44,86326,84788],{"class":141},[44,86328,123],{"class":115},[44,86330,4242],{"class":119},[44,86332,129],{"class":115},[44,86334,21717],{"class":826},[44,86336,55],{"class":54},[44,86338,1335],{"class":1296},[44,86340,116],{"class":115},[44,86342,8779],{"class":685},[44,86344,567],{"class":115},[20,86346,155],{},[35,86348,86349],{"className":37,"code":85484,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86350,86351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86352,86353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86354,85484],{"class":50},[20,86356,86357],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[30,86359,5092,86361],{"id":86360},"when-to-use-min",[15,86362,84363],{},[20,86364,189,86365,10740],{},[15,86366,84363],{},[218,86368,86369,86372,86377],{},[221,86370,86371],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[221,86373,86374,86375],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86376,14979],{},[221,86378,86379],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86381,189,86382,86386],{},[200,86383,86384],{"href":74652},[15,86385,74555],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86388,189,86389,86394],{},[200,86390,86392],{"href":86391},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86393,82711],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[30,86396,1467],{"id":1466},[20,86398,84368],{},[218,86400,86401,86409,86412,86417,86424],{},[221,86402,86403,86404,86406,86407],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86405,84363],{}," without using ",[15,86408,83066],{},[221,86410,86411],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[221,86413,1707,86414,86416],{},[15,86415,84363],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[221,86418,1838,86419,86421,86422,85525],{},[15,86420,14979],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86423,84363],{},[221,86425,8556,86426,86428],{},[15,86427,83066],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86430,86431,86432,86434],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86433,84363],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,86436,86438],{"className":37,"code":86437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86439,86440,86454,86464,86478,86492,86514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86441,86442,86444,86446,86448,86450,86452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86443,142],{"class":141},[44,86445,123],{"class":115},[44,86447,1297],{"class":1296},[44,86449,123],{"class":115},[44,86451,9343],{"class":119},[44,86453,567],{"class":115},[44,86455,86456,86458,86460,86462],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86457,142],{"class":141},[44,86459,123],{"class":115},[44,86461,9343],{"class":119},[44,86463,135],{"class":115},[44,86465,86466,86468,86470,86472,86474,86476],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,86467,142],{"class":141},[44,86469,123],{"class":115},[44,86471,11302],{"class":141},[44,86473,123],{"class":115},[44,86475,9343],{"class":119},[44,86477,567],{"class":115},[44,86479,86480,86482,86484,86486,86488,86490],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,86481,142],{"class":141},[44,86483,123],{"class":115},[44,86485,84788],{"class":141},[44,86487,123],{"class":115},[44,86489,9343],{"class":119},[44,86491,567],{"class":115},[44,86493,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,86495,142],{"class":141},[44,86497,123],{"class":115},[44,86499,84788],{"class":141},[44,86501,123],{"class":115},[44,86503,9343],{"class":119},[44,86505,129],{"class":115},[44,86507,26658],{"class":826},[44,86509,55],{"class":54},[44,86511,3904],{"class":3978},[44,86513,567],{"class":115},[44,86515,86516,86518,86520,86522,86524,86526,86528,86530,86532,86534],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,86517,142],{"class":141},[44,86519,123],{"class":115},[44,86521,84788],{"class":141},[44,86523,123],{"class":115},[44,86525,4242],{"class":119},[44,86527,129],{"class":115},[44,86529,21717],{"class":826},[44,86531,55],{"class":54},[44,86533,11302],{"class":141},[44,86535,567],{"class":115},[20,86537,86538,86539,86542,86543,86545],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86540,86541],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86544,9343],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[30,86547,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,86549,5274,86551,5277],{"id":86550},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86552,84363],{},[20,86554,86555],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1474,86557,5302,86559,84544],{"id":86558},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86560,84363],{},[20,86562,86563],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1474,86565,71777],{"id":71776},[20,86567,86568,52624,86570,84556,86572,36759],{},[15,86569,84363],{},[15,86571,40841],{},[15,86573,83066],{},[1474,86575,5274,86577,86579,86580,1995],{"id":86576},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86578,14979],{}," do in ",[15,86581,84363],{},[20,86583,86584,86586,86587,86589],{},[15,86585,14979],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86588,83617],{}," compares strings by length.",[1474,86591,5312,86593,536,86595,1995],{"id":86592},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86594,84363],{},[15,86596,74555],{},[20,86598,86599,86601,86602,86604],{},[15,86600,84363],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86603,74555],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[30,86606,2019],{"id":2018},[218,86608,86609,86615,86621,86627,86631,86635],{},[221,86610,86611],{},[200,86612,86613,1017],{"href":86391},[15,86614,82711],{},[221,86616,86617],{},[200,86618,86619,1017],{"href":74652},[15,86620,74555],{},[221,86622,86623],{},[200,86624,86625,1017],{"href":42495},[15,86626,42498],{},[221,86628,86629],{},[200,86630,80003],{"href":78507},[221,86632,86633],{},[200,86634,59087],{"href":59086},[221,86636,86637],{},[200,86638,65972],{"href":73009},[2048,86640,86641],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":86643},[86644,86645,86647,86653,86655,86657,86662,86664,86670,86672,86673,86684],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":84847,"depth":69,"text":86646},"What min() does",{"id":84868,"depth":69,"text":84869,"children":86648},[86649,86650,86651,86652],{"id":84953,"depth":81,"text":84956},{"id":85015,"depth":81,"text":85018},{"id":85065,"depth":81,"text":85068},{"id":85159,"depth":81,"text":85162},{"id":85221,"depth":69,"text":86654},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85356,"depth":69,"text":86656},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85503,"depth":69,"text":86658,"children":86659},"Using min() with a key function",[86660,86661],{"id":85531,"depth":81,"text":85532},{"id":85606,"depth":81,"text":85607},{"id":85828,"depth":69,"text":86663},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10883,"depth":69,"text":10884,"children":86665},[86666,86668,86669],{"id":85970,"depth":81,"text":86667},"Empty list without default",{"id":86060,"depth":81,"text":86061},{"id":86213,"depth":81,"text":86214},{"id":86360,"depth":69,"text":86671},"When to use min()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":86674},[86675,86677,86679,86680,86682],{"id":86550,"depth":81,"text":86676},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86558,"depth":81,"text":86678},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71776,"depth":81,"text":71777},{"id":86576,"depth":81,"text":86681},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86592,"depth":81,"text":86683},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84730,"description":86685},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86692,"title":86693,"body":86694,"description":88873,"extension":2084,"meta":88874,"navigation":84,"path":88875,"seo":88876,"stem":88877,"__hash__":88878},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86695,"toc":88837},[86696,86699,86705,86711,86713,86794,86803,86807,86812,86814,86859,86861,86941,86947,86949,86952,86984,86986,87004,87006,87079,87081,87100,87104,87107,87143,87145,87212,87286,87359,87364,87368,87374,87377,87394,87397,87399,87460,87462,87482,87488,87492,87495,87565,87568,87587,87592,87668,87671,87675,87681,87685,87690,87760,87764,87769,87843,87847,87850,87925,87936,87940,87945,88035,88040,88108,88111,88130,88141,88145,88148,88153,88156,88218,88221,88232,88237,88240,88243,88248,88251,88254,88258,88261,88267,88270,88281,88283,88345,88360,88366,88369,88372,88383,88394,88400,88403,88405,88467,88477,88483,88488,88494,88498,88504,88507,88528,88530,88535,88562,88565,88592,88595,88634,88637,88675,88678,88739,88742,88744,88748,88751,88755,88761,88769,88777,88781,88784,88788,88794,88796,88834],[10,86697,86693],{"id":86698},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86700,86701,86704],{},[15,86702,86703],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86706,86707,86708,86710],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86709,86703],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[30,86712,33],{"id":32},[35,86714,86716],{"className":37,"code":86715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86717,86718,86767,86783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86719,86720,86723,86726,86728,86730,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745,86748,86750,86752,86755,86757,86759,86761,86765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86721,86722],{"class":4003},"with",[44,86724,86725],{"class":141}," open",[44,86727,123],{"class":115},[44,86729,112],{"class":58},[44,86731,86732],{"class":62},"example.txt",[44,86734,112],{"class":58},[44,86736,129],{"class":115},[44,86738,59],{"class":58},[44,86740,60637],{"class":62},[44,86742,112],{"class":58},[44,86744,129],{"class":115},[44,86746,86747],{"class":826}," encoding",[44,86749,55],{"class":54},[44,86751,112],{"class":58},[44,86753,86754],{"class":62},"utf-8",[44,86756,112],{"class":58},[44,86758,3784],{"class":115},[44,86760,47489],{"class":4003},[44,86762,86764],{"class":86763},"sMMDD"," file",[44,86766,6530],{"class":115},[44,86768,86769,86772,86774,86776,86778,86781],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86770,86771],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,86773,55],{"class":54},[44,86775,86764],{"class":86763},[44,86777,116],{"class":115},[44,86779,86780],{"class":119},"read",[44,86782,8782],{"class":115},[44,86784,86785,86787,86789,86792],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,86786,8206],{"class":141},[44,86788,123],{"class":115},[44,86790,86791],{"class":119},"content",[44,86793,135],{"class":115},[20,86795,189,86796,86798,86799,86802],{},[15,86797,86722],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86800,86801],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[30,86804,86806],{"id":86805},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86808,86809,86811],{},[15,86810,86703],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86813,11598],{},[218,86815,86816,86819,86824,86829],{},[221,86817,86818],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[221,86820,41043,86821,86823],{},[153,86822,4761],{}," read or write anything by itself",[221,86825,17558,86826],{},[153,86827,86828],{},"file object",[221,86830,86831,86832],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[218,86833,86834,86839,86844,86849,86854],{},[221,86835,86836],{},[15,86837,86838],{},"read()",[221,86840,86841],{},[15,86842,86843],{},"readline()",[221,86845,86846],{},[15,86847,86848],{},"readlines()",[221,86850,86851],{},[15,86852,86853],{},"write()",[221,86855,86856],{},[15,86857,86858],{},"close()",[20,86860,238],{},[35,86862,86864],{"className":37,"code":86863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86865,86866,86905,86920,86930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86867,86868,86871,86873,86875,86877,86879,86881,86883,86885,86887,86889,86891,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901,86903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86869,86870],{"class":86763},"file",[44,86872,13414],{"class":54},[44,86874,86725],{"class":141},[44,86876,123],{"class":115},[44,86878,112],{"class":58},[44,86880,86732],{"class":62},[44,86882,112],{"class":58},[44,86884,129],{"class":115},[44,86886,59],{"class":58},[44,86888,60637],{"class":62},[44,86890,112],{"class":58},[44,86892,129],{"class":115},[44,86894,86747],{"class":826},[44,86896,55],{"class":54},[44,86898,112],{"class":58},[44,86900,86754],{"class":62},[44,86902,112],{"class":58},[44,86904,135],{"class":115},[44,86906,86907,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,86908,86909],{"class":50},"content ",[44,86911,55],{"class":54},[44,86913,86764],{"class":86763},[44,86915,116],{"class":115},[44,86917,86780],{"class":119},[44,86919,8782],{"class":115},[44,86921,86922,86924,86926,86928],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,86923,142],{"class":141},[44,86925,123],{"class":115},[44,86927,86791],{"class":119},[44,86929,135],{"class":115},[44,86931,86932,86934,86936,86939],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,86933,86870],{"class":86763},[44,86935,116],{"class":115},[44,86937,86938],{"class":119},"close",[44,86940,8782],{"class":115},[20,86942,86943,86944,86946],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86945,86722],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[30,86948,351],{"id":350},[20,86950,86951],{},"A common form is:",[35,86953,86955],{"className":37,"code":86954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86956,86957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86958,86959,86961,86963,86965,86967,86970,86972,86974,86976,86978,86980,86982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86960,42564],{"class":141},[44,86962,123],{"class":115},[44,86964,86870],{"class":86763},[44,86966,129],{"class":115},[44,86968,86969],{"class":119}," mode",[44,86971,129],{"class":115},[44,86973,86747],{"class":826},[44,86975,55],{"class":54},[44,86977,112],{"class":58},[44,86979,86754],{"class":62},[44,86981,112],{"class":58},[44,86983,135],{"class":115},[20,86985,65178],{},[218,86987,86988,86993,86998],{},[221,86989,86990,86992],{},[15,86991,86870],{}," is the file name or file path",[221,86994,86995,86997],{},[15,86996,21056],{}," controls how the file is opened",[221,86999,87000,87003],{},[15,87001,87002],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,87005,238],{},[35,87007,87009],{"className":37,"code":87008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,87010,87011,87054,87069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87012,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87024,87026,87028,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040,87042,87044,87046,87048,87050,87052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87014,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87016,86725],{"class":141},[44,87018,123],{"class":115},[44,87020,112],{"class":58},[44,87022,87023],{"class":62},"notes.txt",[44,87025,112],{"class":58},[44,87027,129],{"class":115},[44,87029,59],{"class":58},[44,87031,60637],{"class":62},[44,87033,112],{"class":58},[44,87035,129],{"class":115},[44,87037,86747],{"class":826},[44,87039,55],{"class":54},[44,87041,112],{"class":58},[44,87043,86754],{"class":62},[44,87045,112],{"class":58},[44,87047,3784],{"class":115},[44,87049,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87051,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87053,6530],{"class":115},[44,87055,87056,87059,87061,87063,87065,87067],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87057,87058],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,87060,55],{"class":54},[44,87062,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87064,116],{"class":115},[44,87066,86780],{"class":119},[44,87068,8782],{"class":115},[44,87070,87071,87073,87075,87077],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,87072,8206],{"class":141},[44,87074,123],{"class":115},[44,87076,308],{"class":119},[44,87078,135],{"class":115},[20,87080,20094],{},[218,87082,87083,87089,87094],{},[221,87084,87085,87088],{},[15,87086,87087],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[221,87090,87091,87093],{},[15,87092,86801],{}," means open for reading",[221,87095,87096,87099],{},[15,87097,87098],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[30,87101,87103],{"id":87102},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87105,87106],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[218,87108,87109,87114,87120,87125,87131,87137],{},[221,87110,87111,87113],{},[15,87112,86801],{}," = read a text file",[221,87115,87116,87119],{},[15,87117,87118],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[221,87121,87122,87124],{},[15,87123,18233],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[221,87126,87127,87130],{},[15,87128,87129],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[221,87132,87133,87136],{},[15,87134,87135],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[221,87138,87139,87142],{},[15,87140,87141],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87144,2246],{},[35,87146,87148],{"className":37,"code":87147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87149,87150,87155,87198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87151,87152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87153,87154],{"class":3787},"# Read a text file\n",[44,87156,87157,87159,87161,87163,87165,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87158,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87160,86725],{"class":141},[44,87162,123],{"class":115},[44,87164,112],{"class":58},[44,87166,87167],{"class":62},"data.txt",[44,87169,112],{"class":58},[44,87171,129],{"class":115},[44,87173,59],{"class":58},[44,87175,60637],{"class":62},[44,87177,112],{"class":58},[44,87179,129],{"class":115},[44,87181,86747],{"class":826},[44,87183,55],{"class":54},[44,87185,112],{"class":58},[44,87187,86754],{"class":62},[44,87189,112],{"class":58},[44,87191,3784],{"class":115},[44,87193,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87195,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87197,6530],{"class":115},[44,87199,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,87201,8206],{"class":141},[44,87203,123],{"class":115},[44,87205,86870],{"class":86763},[44,87207,116],{"class":115},[44,87209,86780],{"class":119},[44,87211,7332],{"class":115},[35,87213,87215],{"className":37,"code":87214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87216,87217,87222,87264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87218,87219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87220,87221],{"class":3787},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,87223,87224,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87225,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87227,86725],{"class":141},[44,87229,123],{"class":115},[44,87231,112],{"class":58},[44,87233,87167],{"class":62},[44,87235,112],{"class":58},[44,87237,129],{"class":115},[44,87239,59],{"class":58},[44,87241,60620],{"class":62},[44,87243,112],{"class":58},[44,87245,129],{"class":115},[44,87247,86747],{"class":826},[44,87249,55],{"class":54},[44,87251,112],{"class":58},[44,87253,86754],{"class":62},[44,87255,112],{"class":58},[44,87257,3784],{"class":115},[44,87259,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87261,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87263,6530],{"class":115},[44,87265,87266,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87282,87284],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,87267,87268],{"class":86763},"    file",[44,87270,116],{"class":115},[44,87272,70326],{"class":119},[44,87274,123],{"class":115},[44,87276,112],{"class":58},[44,87278,324],{"class":62},[44,87280,87281],{"class":34590},"\\n",[44,87283,112],{"class":58},[44,87285,135],{"class":115},[35,87287,87289],{"className":37,"code":87288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87290,87291,87296,87338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87292,87293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87294,87295],{"class":3787},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,87297,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316,87318,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87332,87334,87336],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87299,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87301,86725],{"class":141},[44,87303,123],{"class":115},[44,87305,112],{"class":58},[44,87307,87167],{"class":62},[44,87309,112],{"class":58},[44,87311,129],{"class":115},[44,87313,59],{"class":58},[44,87315,200],{"class":62},[44,87317,112],{"class":58},[44,87319,129],{"class":115},[44,87321,86747],{"class":826},[44,87323,55],{"class":54},[44,87325,112],{"class":58},[44,87327,86754],{"class":62},[44,87329,112],{"class":58},[44,87331,3784],{"class":115},[44,87333,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87335,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87337,6530],{"class":115},[44,87339,87340,87342,87344,87346,87348,87350,87353,87355,87357],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,87341,87268],{"class":86763},[44,87343,116],{"class":115},[44,87345,70326],{"class":119},[44,87347,123],{"class":115},[44,87349,112],{"class":58},[44,87351,87352],{"class":62},"Another line",[44,87354,87281],{"class":34590},[44,87356,112],{"class":58},[44,87358,135],{"class":115},[20,87360,69478,87361,87363],{},[15,87362,87118],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[30,87365,87367],{"id":87366},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87369,87370,22112,87372,116],{},[15,87371,86703],{},[153,87373,86828],{},[20,87375,87376],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[218,87378,87379,87384,87389],{},[221,87380,87381],{},[15,87382,87383],{},"file.read()",[221,87385,87386],{},[15,87387,87388],{},"file.write()",[221,87390,87391],{},[15,87392,87393],{},"file.close()",[20,87395,87396],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87398,238],{},[35,87400,87402],{"className":37,"code":87401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87403,87404,87446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87405,87406,87408,87410,87412,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87424,87426,87428,87430,87432,87434,87436,87438,87440,87442,87444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87407,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87409,86725],{"class":141},[44,87411,123],{"class":115},[44,87413,112],{"class":58},[44,87415,86732],{"class":62},[44,87417,112],{"class":58},[44,87419,129],{"class":115},[44,87421,59],{"class":58},[44,87423,60637],{"class":62},[44,87425,112],{"class":58},[44,87427,129],{"class":115},[44,87429,86747],{"class":826},[44,87431,55],{"class":54},[44,87433,112],{"class":58},[44,87435,86754],{"class":62},[44,87437,112],{"class":58},[44,87439,3784],{"class":115},[44,87441,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87443,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87445,6530],{"class":115},[44,87447,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87449,8206],{"class":141},[44,87451,123],{"class":115},[44,87453,1297],{"class":1296},[44,87455,123],{"class":115},[44,87457,86870],{"class":86763},[44,87459,567],{"class":115},[20,87461,30166],{},[35,87463,87465],{"className":37,"code":87464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87466,87467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87468,87469,87471,87473,87475,87478,87480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87470,1326],{"class":54},[44,87472,1329],{"class":1075},[44,87474,1332],{"class":58},[44,87476,87477],{"class":62},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,87479,1338],{"class":58},[44,87481,1341],{"class":54},[20,87483,87484,87485,87487],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87486,86703],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[30,87489,87491],{"id":87490},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87493,87494],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,87496,87497],{"className":37,"code":86715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87498,87499,87541,87555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87500,87501,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87502,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87504,86725],{"class":141},[44,87506,123],{"class":115},[44,87508,112],{"class":58},[44,87510,86732],{"class":62},[44,87512,112],{"class":58},[44,87514,129],{"class":115},[44,87516,59],{"class":58},[44,87518,60637],{"class":62},[44,87520,112],{"class":58},[44,87522,129],{"class":115},[44,87524,86747],{"class":826},[44,87526,55],{"class":54},[44,87528,112],{"class":58},[44,87530,86754],{"class":62},[44,87532,112],{"class":58},[44,87534,3784],{"class":115},[44,87536,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87538,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87540,6530],{"class":115},[44,87542,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87544,86771],{"class":50},[44,87546,55],{"class":54},[44,87548,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87550,116],{"class":115},[44,87552,86780],{"class":119},[44,87554,8782],{"class":115},[44,87556,87557,87559,87561,87563],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,87558,8206],{"class":141},[44,87560,123],{"class":115},[44,87562,86791],{"class":119},[44,87564,135],{"class":115},[20,87566,87567],{},"Why this is recommended:",[218,87569,87570,87575,87581,87584],{},[221,87571,87572,87574],{},[15,87573,86722],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[221,87576,87577,87578,87580],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87579,86858],{}," yourself",[221,87582,87583],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[221,87585,87586],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87588,83880,87589,87591],{},[15,87590,86722],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,87593,87594],{"className":37,"code":86863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87595,87596,87634,87648,87658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87597,87598,87600,87602,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87599,86870],{"class":86763},[44,87601,13414],{"class":54},[44,87603,86725],{"class":141},[44,87605,123],{"class":115},[44,87607,112],{"class":58},[44,87609,86732],{"class":62},[44,87611,112],{"class":58},[44,87613,129],{"class":115},[44,87615,59],{"class":58},[44,87617,60637],{"class":62},[44,87619,112],{"class":58},[44,87621,129],{"class":115},[44,87623,86747],{"class":826},[44,87625,55],{"class":54},[44,87627,112],{"class":58},[44,87629,86754],{"class":62},[44,87631,112],{"class":58},[44,87633,135],{"class":115},[44,87635,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87637,86909],{"class":50},[44,87639,55],{"class":54},[44,87641,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87643,116],{"class":115},[44,87645,86780],{"class":119},[44,87647,8782],{"class":115},[44,87649,87650,87652,87654,87656],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,87651,142],{"class":141},[44,87653,123],{"class":115},[44,87655,86791],{"class":119},[44,87657,135],{"class":115},[44,87659,87660,87662,87664,87666],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,87661,86870],{"class":86763},[44,87663,116],{"class":115},[44,87665,86938],{"class":119},[44,87667,8782],{"class":115},[20,87669,87670],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[30,87672,87674],{"id":87673},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87676,87677,87678,87680],{},"Use mode ",[15,87679,86801],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1474,87682,87684],{"id":87683},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87686,87687,87689],{},[15,87688,86838],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,87691,87692],{"className":37,"code":86715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87693,87694,87736,87750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87695,87696,87698,87700,87702,87704,87706,87708,87710,87712,87714,87716,87718,87720,87722,87724,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87697,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87699,86725],{"class":141},[44,87701,123],{"class":115},[44,87703,112],{"class":58},[44,87705,86732],{"class":62},[44,87707,112],{"class":58},[44,87709,129],{"class":115},[44,87711,59],{"class":58},[44,87713,60637],{"class":62},[44,87715,112],{"class":58},[44,87717,129],{"class":115},[44,87719,86747],{"class":826},[44,87721,55],{"class":54},[44,87723,112],{"class":58},[44,87725,86754],{"class":62},[44,87727,112],{"class":58},[44,87729,3784],{"class":115},[44,87731,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87733,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87735,6530],{"class":115},[44,87737,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87739,86771],{"class":50},[44,87741,55],{"class":54},[44,87743,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87745,116],{"class":115},[44,87747,86780],{"class":119},[44,87749,8782],{"class":115},[44,87751,87752,87754,87756,87758],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,87753,8206],{"class":141},[44,87755,123],{"class":115},[44,87757,86791],{"class":119},[44,87759,135],{"class":115},[1474,87761,87763],{"id":87762},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87765,87766,87768],{},[15,87767,86843],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,87770,87772],{"className":37,"code":87771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87773,87774,87816,87832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87775,87776,87778,87780,87782,87784,87786,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87777,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87779,86725],{"class":141},[44,87781,123],{"class":115},[44,87783,112],{"class":58},[44,87785,86732],{"class":62},[44,87787,112],{"class":58},[44,87789,129],{"class":115},[44,87791,59],{"class":58},[44,87793,60637],{"class":62},[44,87795,112],{"class":58},[44,87797,129],{"class":115},[44,87799,86747],{"class":826},[44,87801,55],{"class":54},[44,87803,112],{"class":58},[44,87805,86754],{"class":62},[44,87807,112],{"class":58},[44,87809,3784],{"class":115},[44,87811,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87813,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87815,6530],{"class":115},[44,87817,87818,87821,87823,87825,87827,87830],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87819,87820],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,87822,55],{"class":54},[44,87824,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87826,116],{"class":115},[44,87828,87829],{"class":119},"readline",[44,87831,8782],{"class":115},[44,87833,87834,87836,87838,87841],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,87835,8206],{"class":141},[44,87837,123],{"class":115},[44,87839,87840],{"class":119},"first_line",[44,87842,135],{"class":115},[1474,87844,87846],{"id":87845},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87848,87849],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,87851,87853],{"className":37,"code":87852,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87854,87855,87897,87911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87856,87857,87859,87861,87863,87865,87867,87869,87871,87873,87875,87877,87879,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87858,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87860,86725],{"class":141},[44,87862,123],{"class":115},[44,87864,112],{"class":58},[44,87866,86732],{"class":62},[44,87868,112],{"class":58},[44,87870,129],{"class":115},[44,87872,59],{"class":58},[44,87874,60637],{"class":62},[44,87876,112],{"class":58},[44,87878,129],{"class":115},[44,87880,86747],{"class":826},[44,87882,55],{"class":54},[44,87884,112],{"class":58},[44,87886,86754],{"class":62},[44,87888,112],{"class":58},[44,87890,3784],{"class":115},[44,87892,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87894,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87896,6530],{"class":115},[44,87898,87899,87902,87905,87907,87909],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87900,87901],{"class":4003},"    for",[44,87903,87904],{"class":50}," line ",[44,87906,887],{"class":4003},[44,87908,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87910,6530],{"class":115},[44,87912,87913,87915,87917,87919,87921,87923],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,87914,47469],{"class":141},[44,87916,123],{"class":115},[44,87918,46],{"class":119},[44,87920,116],{"class":115},[44,87922,8773],{"class":119},[44,87924,7332],{"class":115},[20,87926,87927,87928,3000,87932,116],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[200,87929,87931],{"href":87930},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[200,87933,87935],{"href":87934},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[30,87937,87939],{"id":87938},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87941,189,87942,87944],{},[15,87943,87118],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,87946,87948],{"className":37,"code":87947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87949,87950,87993,88014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87951,87952,87954,87956,87958,87960,87963,87965,87967,87969,87971,87973,87975,87977,87979,87981,87983,87985,87987,87989,87991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87953,86722],{"class":4003},[44,87955,86725],{"class":141},[44,87957,123],{"class":115},[44,87959,112],{"class":58},[44,87961,87962],{"class":62},"output.txt",[44,87964,112],{"class":58},[44,87966,129],{"class":115},[44,87968,59],{"class":58},[44,87970,60620],{"class":62},[44,87972,112],{"class":58},[44,87974,129],{"class":115},[44,87976,86747],{"class":826},[44,87978,55],{"class":54},[44,87980,112],{"class":58},[44,87982,86754],{"class":62},[44,87984,112],{"class":58},[44,87986,3784],{"class":115},[44,87988,47489],{"class":4003},[44,87990,86764],{"class":86763},[44,87992,6530],{"class":115},[44,87994,87995,87997,87999,88001,88003,88005,88008,88010,88012],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,87996,87268],{"class":86763},[44,87998,116],{"class":115},[44,88000,70326],{"class":119},[44,88002,123],{"class":115},[44,88004,112],{"class":58},[44,88006,88007],{"class":62},"First line",[44,88009,87281],{"class":34590},[44,88011,112],{"class":58},[44,88013,135],{"class":115},[44,88015,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88029,88031,88033],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,88017,87268],{"class":86763},[44,88019,116],{"class":115},[44,88021,70326],{"class":119},[44,88023,123],{"class":115},[44,88025,112],{"class":58},[44,88027,88028],{"class":62},"Second line",[44,88030,87281],{"class":34590},[44,88032,112],{"class":58},[44,88034,135],{"class":115},[20,88036,189,88037,88039],{},[15,88038,18233],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,88041,88043],{"className":37,"code":88042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,88044,88045,88087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88046,88047,88049,88051,88053,88055,88057,88059,88061,88063,88065,88067,88069,88071,88073,88075,88077,88079,88081,88083,88085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88048,86722],{"class":4003},[44,88050,86725],{"class":141},[44,88052,123],{"class":115},[44,88054,112],{"class":58},[44,88056,87962],{"class":62},[44,88058,112],{"class":58},[44,88060,129],{"class":115},[44,88062,59],{"class":58},[44,88064,200],{"class":62},[44,88066,112],{"class":58},[44,88068,129],{"class":115},[44,88070,86747],{"class":826},[44,88072,55],{"class":54},[44,88074,112],{"class":58},[44,88076,86754],{"class":62},[44,88078,112],{"class":58},[44,88080,3784],{"class":115},[44,88082,47489],{"class":4003},[44,88084,86764],{"class":86763},[44,88086,6530],{"class":115},[44,88088,88089,88091,88093,88095,88097,88099,88102,88104,88106],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88090,87268],{"class":86763},[44,88092,116],{"class":115},[44,88094,70326],{"class":119},[44,88096,123],{"class":115},[44,88098,112],{"class":58},[44,88100,88101],{"class":62},"Third line",[44,88103,87281],{"class":34590},[44,88105,112],{"class":58},[44,88107,135],{"class":115},[20,88109,88110],{},"Important detail:",[218,88112,88113,88118,88125],{},[221,88114,88115,88117],{},[15,88116,86853],{}," writes a string",[221,88119,88120,14191,88122,88124],{},[15,88121,86853],{},[153,88123,4761],{}," add a newline for you",[221,88126,88127,88128,87580],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88129,87281],{},[20,88131,88132,88133,3000,88137,116],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[200,88134,88136],{"href":88135},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[200,88138,88140],{"href":88139},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[30,88142,88144],{"id":88143},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88146,88147],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1474,88149,88151],{"id":88150},"encodingutf-8",[15,88152,87098],{},[20,88154,88155],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,88157,88159],{"className":37,"code":88158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88160,88161,88204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88162,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88164,86722],{"class":4003},[44,88166,86725],{"class":141},[44,88168,123],{"class":115},[44,88170,112],{"class":58},[44,88172,88173],{"class":62},"message.txt",[44,88175,112],{"class":58},[44,88177,129],{"class":115},[44,88179,59],{"class":58},[44,88181,60637],{"class":62},[44,88183,112],{"class":58},[44,88185,129],{"class":115},[44,88187,86747],{"class":826},[44,88189,55],{"class":54},[44,88191,112],{"class":58},[44,88193,86754],{"class":62},[44,88195,112],{"class":58},[44,88197,3784],{"class":115},[44,88199,47489],{"class":4003},[44,88201,86764],{"class":86763},[44,88203,6530],{"class":115},[44,88205,88206,88208,88210,88212,88214,88216],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88207,8206],{"class":141},[44,88209,123],{"class":115},[44,88211,86870],{"class":86763},[44,88213,116],{"class":115},[44,88215,86780],{"class":119},[44,88217,7332],{"class":115},[20,88219,88220],{},"Why it matters:",[218,88222,88223,88226,88229],{},[221,88224,88225],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[221,88227,88228],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[221,88230,88231],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1474,88233,88235],{"id":88234},"newline",[15,88236,88234],{},[20,88238,88239],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88241,88242],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1474,88244,88246],{"id":88245},"buffering",[15,88247,88245],{},[20,88249,88250],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88252,88253],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[30,88255,88257],{"id":88256},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88259,88260],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1474,88262,88264],{"id":88263},"filenotfounderror",[15,88265,88266],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88268,88269],{},"This happens when:",[218,88271,88272,88275,88278],{},[221,88273,88274],{},"the file does not exist",[221,88276,88277],{},"the path is wrong",[221,88279,88280],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88282,238],{},[35,88284,88286],{"className":37,"code":88285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88287,88288,88331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88289,88290,88292,88294,88296,88298,88301,88303,88305,88307,88309,88311,88313,88315,88317,88319,88321,88323,88325,88327,88329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88291,86722],{"class":4003},[44,88293,86725],{"class":141},[44,88295,123],{"class":115},[44,88297,112],{"class":58},[44,88299,88300],{"class":62},"missing.txt",[44,88302,112],{"class":58},[44,88304,129],{"class":115},[44,88306,59],{"class":58},[44,88308,60637],{"class":62},[44,88310,112],{"class":58},[44,88312,129],{"class":115},[44,88314,86747],{"class":826},[44,88316,55],{"class":54},[44,88318,112],{"class":58},[44,88320,86754],{"class":62},[44,88322,112],{"class":58},[44,88324,3784],{"class":115},[44,88326,47489],{"class":4003},[44,88328,86764],{"class":86763},[44,88330,6530],{"class":115},[44,88332,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88334,8206],{"class":141},[44,88336,123],{"class":115},[44,88338,86870],{"class":86763},[44,88340,116],{"class":115},[44,88342,86780],{"class":119},[44,88344,7332],{"class":115},[20,88346,88347,88348,536,88356,116],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[200,88349,88351,88352,88355],{"href":88350},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,88353,88354],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[200,88357,88359],{"href":88358},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1474,88361,88363],{"id":88362},"permissionerror",[15,88364,88365],{},"PermissionError",[20,88367,88368],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88370,88371],{},"Example causes:",[218,88373,88374,88377,88380],{},[221,88375,88376],{},"the file is protected",[221,88378,88379],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[221,88381,88382],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88384,88385,88386],{},"Related page: ",[200,88387,88389,88390,88393],{"href":88388},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,88391,88392],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1474,88395,88397],{"id":88396},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88398,88399],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88401,88402],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88404,238],{},[35,88406,88408],{"className":37,"code":88407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88409,88410,88453],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88411,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420,88423,88425,88427,88429,88431,88433,88435,88437,88439,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88413,86722],{"class":4003},[44,88415,86725],{"class":141},[44,88417,123],{"class":115},[44,88419,112],{"class":58},[44,88421,88422],{"class":62},"my_folder",[44,88424,112],{"class":58},[44,88426,129],{"class":115},[44,88428,59],{"class":58},[44,88430,60637],{"class":62},[44,88432,112],{"class":58},[44,88434,129],{"class":115},[44,88436,86747],{"class":826},[44,88438,55],{"class":54},[44,88440,112],{"class":58},[44,88442,86754],{"class":62},[44,88444,112],{"class":58},[44,88446,3784],{"class":115},[44,88448,47489],{"class":4003},[44,88450,86764],{"class":86763},[44,88452,6530],{"class":115},[44,88454,88455,88457,88459,88461,88463,88465],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88456,8206],{"class":141},[44,88458,123],{"class":115},[44,88460,86870],{"class":86763},[44,88462,116],{"class":115},[44,88464,86780],{"class":119},[44,88466,7332],{"class":115},[20,88468,88385,88469],{},[200,88470,88472,88473,88476],{"href":88471},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,88474,88475],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1474,88478,88480],{"id":88479},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88481,88482],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88484,88485,88486,116],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88487,86703],{},[20,88489,88385,88490],{},[200,88491,88493],{"href":88492},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[30,88495,88497],{"id":88496},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88499,88500,88501,88503],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88502,86703],{}," function.",[20,88505,88506],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[218,88508,88509,88512,88515,88521],{},[221,88510,88511],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[221,88513,88514],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[221,88516,88517,88518,88520],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88519,86703],{}," itself",[221,88522,88523,88524],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[200,88525,88527],{"href":88526},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[30,88529,1467],{"id":1466},[20,88531,88532,88533,790],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88534,86703],{},[218,88536,88537,88542,88548,88553,88556,88559],{},[221,88538,8556,88539,88541],{},[15,88540,86801],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[221,88543,88544,88545,88547],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88546,87002],{}," for text files",[221,88549,8556,88550,88552],{},[15,88551,87118],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[221,88554,88555],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[221,88557,88558],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[221,88560,88561],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88563,88564],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,88566,88568],{"className":37,"code":88567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88569,88570,88577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88571,88572,88574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88573,35226],{"class":4003},[44,88575,88576],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,88578,88579,88581,88583,88585,88587,88590],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88580,142],{"class":141},[44,88582,123],{"class":115},[44,88584,42763],{"class":119},[44,88586,116],{"class":115},[44,88588,88589],{"class":119},"getcwd",[44,88591,7332],{"class":115},[20,88593,88594],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,88596,88598],{"className":37,"code":88597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88599,88600,88606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88601,88602,88604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88603,35226],{"class":4003},[44,88605,88576],{"class":50},[44,88607,88608,88610,88612,88614,88616,88619,88621,88624,88626,88628,88630,88632],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88609,142],{"class":141},[44,88611,123],{"class":115},[44,88613,42763],{"class":119},[44,88615,116],{"class":115},[44,88617,88618],{"class":685},"path",[44,88620,116],{"class":115},[44,88622,88623],{"class":119},"exists",[44,88625,123],{"class":115},[44,88627,112],{"class":58},[44,88629,86732],{"class":62},[44,88631,112],{"class":58},[44,88633,567],{"class":115},[20,88635,88636],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,88638,88640],{"className":37,"code":88639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88641,88642,88648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88643,88644,88646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88645,35226],{"class":4003},[44,88647,88576],{"class":50},[44,88649,88650,88652,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88665,88667,88669,88671,88673],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88651,142],{"class":141},[44,88653,123],{"class":115},[44,88655,42763],{"class":119},[44,88657,116],{"class":115},[44,88659,88618],{"class":685},[44,88661,116],{"class":115},[44,88663,88664],{"class":119},"isfile",[44,88666,123],{"class":115},[44,88668,112],{"class":58},[44,88670,86732],{"class":62},[44,88672,112],{"class":58},[44,88674,567],{"class":115},[20,88676,88677],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,88679,88681],{"className":37,"code":88680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88682,88683,88725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88684,88685,88687,88689,88691,88693,88695,88697,88699,88701,88703,88705,88707,88709,88711,88713,88715,88717,88719,88721,88723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88686,86722],{"class":4003},[44,88688,86725],{"class":141},[44,88690,123],{"class":115},[44,88692,112],{"class":58},[44,88694,86732],{"class":62},[44,88696,112],{"class":58},[44,88698,129],{"class":115},[44,88700,59],{"class":58},[44,88702,60637],{"class":62},[44,88704,112],{"class":58},[44,88706,129],{"class":115},[44,88708,86747],{"class":826},[44,88710,55],{"class":54},[44,88712,112],{"class":58},[44,88714,86754],{"class":62},[44,88716,112],{"class":58},[44,88718,3784],{"class":115},[44,88720,47489],{"class":4003},[44,88722,86764],{"class":86763},[44,88724,6530],{"class":115},[44,88726,88727,88729,88731,88733,88735,88737],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88728,8206],{"class":141},[44,88730,123],{"class":115},[44,88732,86870],{"class":86763},[44,88734,116],{"class":115},[44,88736,86780],{"class":119},[44,88738,7332],{"class":115},[20,88740,88741],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[30,88743,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,88745,88747],{"id":88746},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88749,88750],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1474,88752,88754],{"id":88753},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88756,88757,88758,88760],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88759,86722],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1474,88762,5312,88764,536,88766,88768],{"id":88763},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88765,87118],{},[15,88767,18233],{}," mode?",[20,88770,88771,88773,88774,88776],{},[15,88772,87118],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88775,18233],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1474,88778,88780],{"id":88779},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88782,88783],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1474,88785,88787],{"id":88786},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88789,88790,88791,88793],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88792,87098],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[30,88795,2019],{"id":2018},[218,88797,88798,88802,88806,88810,88814,88818,88822,88828],{},[221,88799,88800],{},[200,88801,87931],{"href":87930},[221,88803,88804],{},[200,88805,88136],{"href":88135},[221,88807,88808],{},[200,88809,88140],{"href":88139},[221,88811,88812],{},[200,88813,87935],{"href":87934},[221,88815,88816],{},[200,88817,88527],{"href":88526},[221,88819,88820],{},[200,88821,88359],{"href":88358},[221,88823,88824],{},[200,88825,88351,88826,88355],{"href":88350},[44,88827,88354],{},[221,88829,88830],{},[200,88831,88389,88832,88393],{"href":88388},[44,88833,88392],{},[2048,88835,88836],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":88838},[88839,88840,88841,88842,88843,88844,88845,88850,88851,88856,88862,88863,88864,88872],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":86805,"depth":69,"text":86806},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":87102,"depth":69,"text":87103},{"id":87366,"depth":69,"text":87367},{"id":87490,"depth":69,"text":87491},{"id":87673,"depth":69,"text":87674,"children":88846},[88847,88848,88849],{"id":87683,"depth":81,"text":87684},{"id":87762,"depth":81,"text":87763},{"id":87845,"depth":81,"text":87846},{"id":87938,"depth":69,"text":87939},{"id":88143,"depth":69,"text":88144,"children":88852},[88853,88854,88855],{"id":88150,"depth":81,"text":87098},{"id":88234,"depth":81,"text":88234},{"id":88245,"depth":81,"text":88245},{"id":88256,"depth":69,"text":88257,"children":88857},[88858,88859,88860,88861],{"id":88263,"depth":81,"text":88266},{"id":88362,"depth":81,"text":88365},{"id":88396,"depth":81,"text":88399},{"id":88479,"depth":81,"text":88482},{"id":88496,"depth":69,"text":88497},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":88865},[88866,88867,88868,88870,88871],{"id":88746,"depth":81,"text":88747},{"id":88753,"depth":81,"text":88754},{"id":88763,"depth":81,"text":88869},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88779,"depth":81,"text":88780},{"id":88786,"depth":81,"text":88787},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86693,"description":88873},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88880,"title":88881,"body":88882,"description":90868,"extension":2084,"meta":90869,"navigation":84,"path":90870,"seo":90871,"stem":90872,"__hash__":90873},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88883,"toc":90815},[88884,88889,88894,88900,88902,88969,88971,88990,88995,89000,89005,89008,89020,89022,89065,89067,89085,89096,89098,89100,89125,89127,89138,89140,89200,89202,89228,89231,89235,89240,89244,89247,89281,89285,89288,89313,89317,89340,89344,89377,89382,89386,89391,89394,89462,89464,89488,89493,89496,89527,89529,89561,89578,89582,89587,89611,89618,89623,89628,89631,89635,89670,89672,89681,89685,89776,89778,89809,89814,89819,89824,89833,89836,89870,89872,89886,89890,89931,89933,89942,89946,89993,89995,90009,90014,90025,90032,90038,90040,90075,90077,90091,90094,90116,90122,90149,90160,90166,90172,90186,90188,90267,90269,90319,90326,90328,90333,90337,90340,90355,90360,90362,90381,90387,90390,90405,90407,90425,90431,90436,90466,90469,90492,90495,90522,90527,90533,90541,90564,90569,90577,90579,90599,90603,90609,90659,90662,90684,90686,90692,90700,90706,90712,90720,90725,90729,90732,90755,90760,90767,90779,90781,90812],[10,88885,1013,88887,3699],{"id":88886},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88888,1214],{},[20,88890,32453,88891,88893],{},[15,88892,1214],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88895,88896,88897,88899],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88898,1214],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[30,88901,33],{"id":32},[35,88903,88905],{"className":37,"code":88904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88906,88907,88919,88927,88931,88941,88951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88908,88909,88911,88913,88915,88917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88910,51],{"class":50},[44,88912,55],{"class":54},[44,88914,59],{"class":58},[44,88916,8059],{"class":62},[44,88918,66],{"class":58},[44,88920,88921,88923,88925],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88922,72],{"class":50},[44,88924,55],{"class":54},[44,88926,78],{"class":77},[44,88928,88929],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,88930,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,88932,88933,88935,88937,88939],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,88934,142],{"class":141},[44,88936,123],{"class":115},[44,88938,126],{"class":119},[44,88940,135],{"class":115},[44,88942,88943,88945,88947,88949],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,88944,142],{"class":141},[44,88946,123],{"class":115},[44,88948,9437],{"class":119},[44,88950,135],{"class":115},[44,88952,88953,88955,88957,88959,88961,88963,88965,88967],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,88954,142],{"class":141},[44,88956,123],{"class":115},[44,88958,112],{"class":58},[44,88960,324],{"class":62},[44,88962,112],{"class":58},[44,88964,129],{"class":115},[44,88966,36128],{"class":119},[44,88968,135],{"class":115},[20,88970,155],{},[35,88972,88974],{"className":37,"code":88973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88975,88976,88981,88985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88977,88978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88979,88980],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,88982,88983],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,88984,2346],{"class":77},[44,88986,88987],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,88988,88989],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88991,189,88992,88994],{},[15,88993,1214],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[30,88996,3802,88998,3805],{"id":88997},"what-print-does",[15,88999,1214],{},[20,89001,89002,89004],{},[15,89003,1214],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,89006,89007],{},"You can use it to display:",[218,89009,89010,89012,89014,89017],{},[221,89011,308],{},[221,89013,3771],{},[221,89015,89016],{},"variables",[221,89018,89019],{},"expressions",[20,89021,238],{},[35,89023,89025],{"className":37,"code":89024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,89026,89027,89041,89051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89028,89029,89031,89033,89035,89037,89039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89030,142],{"class":141},[44,89032,123],{"class":115},[44,89034,112],{"class":58},[44,89036,324],{"class":62},[44,89038,112],{"class":58},[44,89040,135],{"class":115},[44,89042,89043,89045,89047,89049],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89044,142],{"class":141},[44,89046,123],{"class":115},[44,89048,2257],{"class":77},[44,89050,135],{"class":115},[44,89052,89053,89055,89057,89059,89061,89063],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,89054,142],{"class":141},[44,89056,123],{"class":115},[44,89058,2177],{"class":77},[44,89060,2576],{"class":54},[44,89062,2573],{"class":77},[44,89064,135],{"class":115},[20,89066,155],{},[35,89068,89070],{"className":37,"code":89069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89071,89072,89077,89081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89073,89074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89075,89076],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,89078,89079],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89080,3069],{"class":77},[44,89082,89083],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,89084,3069],{"class":77},[20,89086,89087,89088,89090,89091,89095],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89089,1214],{}," ",[153,89092,3817,89093],{},[15,89094,3904],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[30,89097,351],{"id":350},[20,89099,30862],{},[35,89101,89103],{"className":37,"code":89102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89104,89105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89106,89107,89109,89111,89114,89116,89119,89121,89123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89108,142],{"class":141},[44,89110,123],{"class":115},[44,89112,89113],{"class":119},"object1",[44,89115,129],{"class":115},[44,89117,89118],{"class":119}," object2",[44,89120,129],{"class":115},[44,89122,34591],{"class":141},[44,89124,135],{"class":115},[20,89126,80333],{},[218,89128,89129,89132,89135],{},[221,89130,89131],{},"one value",[221,89133,89134],{},"many values",[221,89136,89137],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89139,238],{},[35,89141,89143],{"className":37,"code":89142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89144,89145,89159,89178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89146,89147,89149,89151,89153,89155,89157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89148,142],{"class":141},[44,89150,123],{"class":115},[44,89152,112],{"class":58},[44,89154,57899],{"class":62},[44,89156,112],{"class":58},[44,89158,135],{"class":115},[44,89160,89161,89163,89165,89167,89170,89172,89174,89176],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89162,142],{"class":141},[44,89164,123],{"class":115},[44,89166,112],{"class":58},[44,89168,89169],{"class":62},"Score:",[44,89171,112],{"class":58},[44,89173,129],{"class":115},[44,89175,6140],{"class":77},[44,89177,135],{"class":115},[44,89179,89180,89182,89184,89186,89188,89190,89192,89194,89196,89198],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,89181,142],{"class":141},[44,89183,123],{"class":115},[44,89185,112],{"class":58},[44,89187,45697],{"class":62},[44,89189,112],{"class":58},[44,89191,129],{"class":115},[44,89193,2579],{"class":77},[44,89195,2576],{"class":54},[44,89197,37780],{"class":77},[44,89199,135],{"class":115},[20,89201,155],{},[35,89203,89205],{"className":37,"code":89204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89206,89207,89211,89220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89208,89209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89210,85484],{"class":50},[44,89212,89213,89216,89218],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89214,89215],{"class":50},"Score",[44,89217,790],{"class":115},[44,89219,2709],{"class":77},[44,89221,89222,89224,89226],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,89223,45737],{"class":50},[44,89225,790],{"class":115},[44,89227,2709],{"class":77},[20,89229,89230],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[30,89232,89234],{"id":89233},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89236,89237,89238,116],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89239,1214],{},[1474,89241,89243],{"id":89242},"print-text","Print text",[20,89245,89246],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,89248,89250],{"className":37,"code":89249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89251,89252,89266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89253,89254,89256,89258,89260,89262,89264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89255,142],{"class":141},[44,89257,123],{"class":115},[44,89259,112],{"class":58},[44,89261,324],{"class":62},[44,89263,112],{"class":58},[44,89265,135],{"class":115},[44,89267,89268,89270,89272,89274,89277,89279],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89269,142],{"class":141},[44,89271,123],{"class":115},[44,89273,112],{"class":58},[44,89275,89276],{"class":62},"Python is fun",[44,89278,112],{"class":58},[44,89280,135],{"class":115},[1474,89282,89284],{"id":89283},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89286,89287],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,89289,89291],{"className":37,"code":89290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89292,89293,89303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89294,89295,89297,89299,89301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89296,142],{"class":141},[44,89298,123],{"class":115},[44,89300,2257],{"class":77},[44,89302,135],{"class":115},[44,89304,89305,89307,89309,89311],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89306,142],{"class":141},[44,89308,123],{"class":115},[44,89310,40281],{"class":77},[44,89312,135],{"class":115},[1474,89314,89316],{"id":89315},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,89318,89320],{"className":37,"code":89319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89321,89322,89330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89323,89324,89326,89328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89325,5227],{"class":50},[44,89327,55],{"class":54},[44,89329,14268],{"class":77},[44,89331,89332,89334,89336,89338],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89333,142],{"class":141},[44,89335,123],{"class":115},[44,89337,85648],{"class":119},[44,89339,135],{"class":115},[1474,89341,89343],{"id":89342},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,89345,89347],{"className":37,"code":89346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89348,89349,89363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89350,89351,89353,89355,89357,89359,89361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89352,142],{"class":141},[44,89354,123],{"class":115},[44,89356,2177],{"class":77},[44,89358,2576],{"class":54},[44,89360,2573],{"class":77},[44,89362,135],{"class":115},[44,89364,89365,89367,89369,89371,89373,89375],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89366,142],{"class":141},[44,89368,123],{"class":115},[44,89370,2451],{"class":77},[44,89372,82962],{"class":54},[44,89374,2579],{"class":77},[44,89376,135],{"class":115},[20,89378,89379,89380,116],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[200,89381,51106],{"href":202},[30,89383,89385],{"id":89384},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89387,89388,89390],{},[15,89389,1214],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89392,89393],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,89395,89397],{"className":37,"code":89396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89398,89399,89412,89420,89424,89443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89400,89401,89403,89405,89407,89410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89402,51],{"class":50},[44,89404,55],{"class":54},[44,89406,59],{"class":58},[44,89408,89409],{"class":62},"Ava",[44,89411,66],{"class":58},[44,89413,89414,89416,89418],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89415,72],{"class":50},[44,89417,55],{"class":54},[44,89419,2709],{"class":77},[44,89421,89422],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,89423,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,89425,89426,89428,89430,89432,89435,89437,89439,89441],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,89427,142],{"class":141},[44,89429,123],{"class":115},[44,89431,112],{"class":58},[44,89433,89434],{"class":62},"Name:",[44,89436,112],{"class":58},[44,89438,129],{"class":115},[44,89440,36128],{"class":119},[44,89442,135],{"class":115},[44,89444,89445,89447,89449,89451,89454,89456,89458,89460],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,89446,142],{"class":141},[44,89448,123],{"class":115},[44,89450,112],{"class":58},[44,89452,89453],{"class":62},"Age:",[44,89455,112],{"class":58},[44,89457,129],{"class":115},[44,89459,132],{"class":119},[44,89461,135],{"class":115},[20,89463,155],{},[35,89465,89467],{"className":37,"code":89466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89468,89469,89479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89470,89471,89474,89476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89472,89473],{"class":50},"Name",[44,89475,790],{"class":115},[44,89477,89478],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,89480,89481,89484,89486],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89482,89483],{"class":50},"Age",[44,89485,790],{"class":115},[44,89487,2709],{"class":77},[20,89489,89490,89491,116],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89492,2180],{},[20,89494,89495],{},"For example, this works:",[35,89497,89499],{"className":37,"code":89498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89500,89501,89509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89502,89503,89505,89507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89504,72],{"class":50},[44,89506,55],{"class":54},[44,89508,2709],{"class":77},[44,89510,89511,89513,89515,89517,89519,89521,89523,89525],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89512,142],{"class":141},[44,89514,123],{"class":115},[44,89516,112],{"class":58},[44,89518,89453],{"class":62},[44,89520,112],{"class":58},[44,89522,129],{"class":115},[44,89524,132],{"class":119},[44,89526,135],{"class":115},[20,89528,37064],{},[35,89530,89532],{"className":37,"code":89531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89533,89534,89542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89535,89536,89538,89540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89537,72],{"class":50},[44,89539,55],{"class":54},[44,89541,2709],{"class":77},[44,89543,89544,89546,89548,89550,89553,89555,89557,89559],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89545,142],{"class":141},[44,89547,123],{"class":115},[44,89549,112],{"class":58},[44,89551,89552],{"class":62},"Age: ",[44,89554,112],{"class":58},[44,89556,2576],{"class":54},[44,89558,132],{"class":119},[44,89560,135],{"class":115},[20,89562,89563,89564,89567,89568,89570,89571,89573,89574,116],{},"That fails because ",[15,89565,89566],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89569,9437],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89572,2180],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[200,89575,89576],{"href":1012},[15,89577,1016],{},[30,89579,89581],{"id":89580},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89583,89584,89586],{},[15,89585,1214],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[218,89588,89589,89595,89600,89605],{},[221,89590,89591,89594],{},[15,89592,89593],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[221,89596,89597,89599],{},[15,89598,52790],{}," controls what is added after the output",[221,89601,89602,89604],{},[15,89603,86870],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[221,89606,89607,89610],{},[15,89608,89609],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89612,89613,89614,536,89616,116],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89615,89593],{},[15,89617,52790],{},[30,89619,89621,36753],{"id":89620},"sep-argument",[15,89622,89593],{},[20,89624,213,89625,89627],{},[15,89626,89593],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89629,89630],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1474,89632,89634],{"id":89633},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,89636,89638],{"className":37,"code":89637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89639,89640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89641,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89666,89668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89643,142],{"class":141},[44,89645,123],{"class":115},[44,89647,112],{"class":58},[44,89649,13230],{"class":62},[44,89651,112],{"class":58},[44,89653,129],{"class":115},[44,89655,59],{"class":58},[44,89657,17592],{"class":62},[44,89659,112],{"class":58},[44,89661,129],{"class":115},[44,89663,59],{"class":58},[44,89665,13247],{"class":62},[44,89667,112],{"class":58},[44,89669,135],{"class":115},[20,89671,155],{},[35,89673,89675],{"className":37,"code":89674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,89676,89677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89678,89679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89680,89674],{"class":50},[1474,89682,89684],{"id":89683},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,89686,89688],{"className":37,"code":89687,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89689,89690,89733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89691,89692,89694,89696,89698,89700,89702,89704,89706,89708,89710,89712,89714,89716,89718,89720,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89693,142],{"class":141},[44,89695,123],{"class":115},[44,89697,112],{"class":58},[44,89699,13230],{"class":62},[44,89701,112],{"class":58},[44,89703,129],{"class":115},[44,89705,59],{"class":58},[44,89707,17592],{"class":62},[44,89709,112],{"class":58},[44,89711,129],{"class":115},[44,89713,59],{"class":58},[44,89715,13247],{"class":62},[44,89717,112],{"class":58},[44,89719,129],{"class":115},[44,89721,89722],{"class":826}," sep",[44,89724,55],{"class":54},[44,89726,112],{"class":58},[44,89728,129],{"class":62},[44,89730,112],{"class":58},[44,89732,135],{"class":115},[44,89734,89735,89737,89739,89741,89743,89745,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757,89759,89761,89763,89765,89767,89769,89772,89774],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89736,142],{"class":141},[44,89738,123],{"class":115},[44,89740,112],{"class":58},[44,89742,13230],{"class":62},[44,89744,112],{"class":58},[44,89746,129],{"class":115},[44,89748,59],{"class":58},[44,89750,17592],{"class":62},[44,89752,112],{"class":58},[44,89754,129],{"class":115},[44,89756,59],{"class":58},[44,89758,13247],{"class":62},[44,89760,112],{"class":58},[44,89762,129],{"class":115},[44,89764,89722],{"class":826},[44,89766,55],{"class":54},[44,89768,112],{"class":58},[44,89770,89771],{"class":62}," - ",[44,89773,112],{"class":58},[44,89775,135],{"class":115},[20,89777,155],{},[35,89779,89781],{"className":37,"code":89780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89782,89783,89795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89784,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89786,13230],{"class":50},[44,89788,129],{"class":115},[44,89790,17592],{"class":50},[44,89792,129],{"class":115},[44,89794,70112],{"class":50},[44,89796,89797,89800,89802,89805,89807],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89798,89799],{"class":50},"red ",[44,89801,2142],{"class":54},[44,89803,89804],{"class":50}," green ",[44,89806,2142],{"class":54},[44,89808,36017],{"class":50},[20,89810,89811,89813],{},[15,89812,89593],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89815,89816,89817,116],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[200,89818,1463],{"href":1462},[30,89820,89822,36753],{"id":89821},"end-argument",[15,89823,52790],{},[20,89825,89826,89827,89829,89830,89832],{},"By default, ",[15,89828,1214],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89831,1214],{}," starts on a new line.",[1474,89834,89634],{"id":89835},"default-behavior-1",[35,89837,89839],{"className":37,"code":89838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89840,89841,89855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89842,89843,89845,89847,89849,89851,89853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89844,142],{"class":141},[44,89846,123],{"class":115},[44,89848,112],{"class":58},[44,89850,324],{"class":62},[44,89852,112],{"class":58},[44,89854,135],{"class":115},[44,89856,89857,89859,89861,89863,89866,89868],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89858,142],{"class":141},[44,89860,123],{"class":115},[44,89862,112],{"class":58},[44,89864,89865],{"class":62},"World",[44,89867,112],{"class":58},[44,89869,135],{"class":115},[20,89871,155],{},[35,89873,89875],{"className":37,"code":89874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89876,89877,89881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89878,89879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89880,89076],{"class":50},[44,89882,89883],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89884,89885],{"class":50},"World\n",[1474,89887,89889],{"id":89888},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,89891,89893],{"className":37,"code":89892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89894,89895,89917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89896,89897,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909,89911,89913,89915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89898,142],{"class":141},[44,89900,123],{"class":115},[44,89902,112],{"class":58},[44,89904,324],{"class":62},[44,89906,112],{"class":58},[44,89908,129],{"class":115},[44,89910,65173],{"class":826},[44,89912,55],{"class":54},[44,89914,6408],{"class":58},[44,89916,135],{"class":115},[44,89918,89919,89921,89923,89925,89927,89929],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89920,142],{"class":141},[44,89922,123],{"class":115},[44,89924,112],{"class":58},[44,89926,89865],{"class":62},[44,89928,112],{"class":58},[44,89930,135],{"class":115},[20,89932,155],{},[35,89934,89936],{"className":37,"code":89935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89937,89938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89939,89940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89941,89935],{"class":50},[1474,89943,89945],{"id":89944},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,89947,89949],{"className":37,"code":89948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89950,89951,89979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89952,89953,89955,89957,89959,89961,89963,89965,89967,89969,89971,89973,89975,89977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89954,142],{"class":141},[44,89956,123],{"class":115},[44,89958,112],{"class":58},[44,89960,324],{"class":62},[44,89962,112],{"class":58},[44,89964,129],{"class":115},[44,89966,65173],{"class":826},[44,89968,55],{"class":54},[44,89970,112],{"class":58},[44,89972,1260],{"class":62},[44,89974,87281],{"class":34590},[44,89976,112],{"class":58},[44,89978,135],{"class":115},[44,89980,89981,89983,89985,89987,89989,89991],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,89982,142],{"class":141},[44,89984,123],{"class":115},[44,89986,112],{"class":58},[44,89988,89865],{"class":62},[44,89990,112],{"class":58},[44,89992,135],{"class":115},[20,89994,155],{},[35,89996,89998],{"className":37,"code":89997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89999,90000,90005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90001,90002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90003,90004],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,90006,90007],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90008,89885],{"class":50},[20,90010,213,90011,90013],{},[15,90012,52790],{}," argument is useful for:",[218,90015,90016,90019,90022],{},[221,90017,90018],{},"progress messages",[221,90020,90021],{},"inline output",[221,90023,90024],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[30,90026,90028,2518,90030],{"id":90027},"print-returns-none",[15,90029,1214],{},[15,90031,3904],{},[20,90033,90034,90035,90037],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,90036,1214],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,90039,238],{},[35,90041,90043],{"className":37,"code":90042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,90044,90045,90065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90046,90047,90049,90051,90054,90056,90058,90061,90063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90048,2351],{"class":50},[44,90050,55],{"class":54},[44,90052,90053],{"class":141}," print",[44,90055,123],{"class":115},[44,90057,112],{"class":58},[44,90059,90060],{"class":62},"Hi",[44,90062,112],{"class":58},[44,90064,135],{"class":115},[44,90066,90067,90069,90071,90073],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90068,142],{"class":141},[44,90070,123],{"class":115},[44,90072,2386],{"class":119},[44,90074,135],{"class":115},[20,90076,155],{},[35,90078,90080],{"className":37,"code":90079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90081,90082,90087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90083,90084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90085,90086],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,90088,90089],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90090,11948],{"class":3978},[20,90092,90093],{},"Why does this happen?",[218,90095,90096,90104,90109],{},[221,90097,90098,90101,90102],{},[15,90099,90100],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90103,90060],{},[221,90105,90106,90107],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90108,3904],{},[221,90110,90111,90112,12060,90114],{},"so ",[15,90113,2386],{},[15,90115,3904],{},[20,90117,90118,90119,90121],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90120,1214],{}," call.",[35,90123,90125],{"className":37,"code":90124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90126,90127,90139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90128,90129,90131,90133,90135,90137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90130,91],{"class":50},[44,90132,55],{"class":54},[44,90134,59],{"class":58},[44,90136,90060],{"class":62},[44,90138,66],{"class":58},[44,90140,90141,90143,90145,90147],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90142,142],{"class":141},[44,90144,123],{"class":115},[44,90146,147],{"class":119},[44,90148,135],{"class":115},[20,90150,90151,90152,90154,90155,90159],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90153,1214],{}," with functions like ",[200,90156,90157],{"href":8357},[15,90158,3080],{},", which do return a value.",[30,90161,90163,90164],{"id":90162},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90165,1214],{},[20,90167,90168,90169,90171],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90170,1214],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[218,90173,90174,90177,90180,90183],{},[221,90175,90176],{},"to display results to the user",[221,90178,90179],{},"to show messages in a script",[221,90181,90182],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[221,90184,90185],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90187,238],{},[35,90189,90191],{"className":37,"code":90190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90192,90193,90201,90205,90225,90236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90194,90195,90197,90199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90196,41320],{"class":50},[44,90198,55],{"class":54},[44,90200,38650],{"class":77},[44,90202,90203],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90204,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,90206,90207,90209,90211,90213,90215,90217,90219,90221,90223],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,90208,6093],{"class":4003},[44,90210,6523],{"class":50},[44,90212,887],{"class":4003},[44,90214,54200],{"class":141},[44,90216,123],{"class":115},[44,90218,3111],{"class":77},[44,90220,129],{"class":115},[44,90222,2579],{"class":77},[44,90224,8480],{"class":115},[44,90226,90227,90230,90233],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,90228,90229],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,90231,90232],{"class":54},"+=",[44,90234,90235],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,90237,90238,90240,90242,90244,90247,90249,90251,90253,90255,90257,90259,90261,90263,90265],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,90239,8206],{"class":141},[44,90241,123],{"class":115},[44,90243,112],{"class":58},[44,90245,90246],{"class":62},"Current number:",[44,90248,112],{"class":58},[44,90250,129],{"class":115},[44,90252,2318],{"class":119},[44,90254,129],{"class":115},[44,90256,59],{"class":58},[44,90258,45697],{"class":62},[44,90260,112],{"class":58},[44,90262,129],{"class":115},[44,90264,45704],{"class":119},[44,90266,135],{"class":115},[20,90268,155],{},[35,90270,90272],{"className":37,"code":90271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90273,90274,90290,90304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90275,90276,90279,90281,90283,90286,90288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90277,90278],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,90280,790],{"class":115},[44,90282,5632],{"class":77},[44,90284,90285],{"class":50}," Total",[44,90287,790],{"class":115},[44,90289,29751],{"class":77},[44,90291,90292,90294,90296,90298,90300,90302],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90293,90278],{"class":50},[44,90295,790],{"class":115},[44,90297,3116],{"class":77},[44,90299,90285],{"class":50},[44,90301,790],{"class":115},[44,90303,2699],{"class":77},[44,90305,90306,90308,90310,90312,90314,90316],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,90307,90278],{"class":50},[44,90309,790],{"class":115},[44,90311,2573],{"class":77},[44,90313,90285],{"class":50},[44,90315,790],{"class":115},[44,90317,90318],{"class":77}," 6\n",[20,90320,90321,90322,116],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[200,90323,90325],{"href":90324},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[30,90327,1467],{"id":1466},[20,90329,90330,90331,116],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90332,1214],{},[1474,90334,90336],{"id":90335},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90338,90339],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,90341,90343],{"className":37,"code":90342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90344,90345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90346,90347,90349,90351,90353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90348,142],{"class":141},[44,90350,123],{"class":115},[44,90352,324],{"class":119},[44,90354,135],{"class":115},[20,90356,9015,90357,90359],{},[15,90358,324],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90361,10947],{},[35,90363,90365],{"className":37,"code":90364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90366,90367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90368,90369,90371,90373,90375,90377,90379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90370,142],{"class":141},[44,90372,123],{"class":115},[44,90374,112],{"class":58},[44,90376,324],{"class":62},[44,90378,112],{"class":58},[44,90380,135],{"class":115},[1474,90382,8556,90384,90386],{"id":90383},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90385,142],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90388,90389],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,90391,90393],{"className":37,"code":90392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90394,90395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90396,90397,90399,90401,90403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90398,142],{"class":141},[44,90400,59],{"class":58},[44,90402,324],{"class":62},[44,90404,66],{"class":58},[20,90406,10947],{},[35,90408,90409],{"className":37,"code":90364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90410,90411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90412,90413,90415,90417,90419,90421,90423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90414,142],{"class":141},[44,90416,123],{"class":115},[44,90418,112],{"class":58},[44,90420,324],{"class":62},[44,90422,112],{"class":58},[44,90424,135],{"class":115},[1474,90426,90428,90429],{"id":90427},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90430,2180],{},[20,90432,90433,90434,116],{},"This causes a ",[15,90435,3129],{},[35,90437,90438],{"className":37,"code":89531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90439,90440,90448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90441,90442,90444,90446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90443,72],{"class":50},[44,90445,55],{"class":54},[44,90447,2709],{"class":77},[44,90449,90450,90452,90454,90456,90458,90460,90462,90464],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90451,142],{"class":141},[44,90453,123],{"class":115},[44,90455,112],{"class":58},[44,90457,89552],{"class":62},[44,90459,112],{"class":58},[44,90461,2576],{"class":54},[44,90463,132],{"class":119},[44,90465,135],{"class":115},[20,90467,90468],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,90470,90472],{"className":37,"code":90471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90473,90474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90475,90476,90478,90480,90482,90484,90486,90488,90490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90477,142],{"class":141},[44,90479,123],{"class":115},[44,90481,112],{"class":58},[44,90483,89453],{"class":62},[44,90485,112],{"class":58},[44,90487,129],{"class":115},[44,90489,132],{"class":119},[44,90491,135],{"class":115},[20,90493,90494],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,90496,90498],{"className":37,"code":90497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90499,90500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90501,90502,90504,90506,90508,90510,90512,90514,90516,90518,90520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90503,142],{"class":141},[44,90505,123],{"class":115},[44,90507,112],{"class":58},[44,90509,89552],{"class":62},[44,90511,112],{"class":58},[44,90513,2576],{"class":54},[44,90515,49035],{"class":1296},[44,90517,123],{"class":115},[44,90519,9437],{"class":119},[44,90521,567],{"class":115},[20,90523,90524,90525,116],{},"If you see this error, read ",[200,90526,1864],{"href":1863},[1474,90528,1707,90530,90532],{"id":90529},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90531,1214],{}," to return a value",[20,90534,90535,90536,35465,90539,790],{},"This does not store ",[15,90537,90538],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90540,2386],{},[35,90542,90544],{"className":37,"code":90543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90545,90546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90547,90548,90550,90552,90554,90556,90558,90560,90562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90549,2351],{"class":50},[44,90551,55],{"class":54},[44,90553,90053],{"class":141},[44,90555,123],{"class":115},[44,90557,112],{"class":58},[44,90559,324],{"class":62},[44,90561,112],{"class":58},[44,90563,135],{"class":115},[20,90565,90566,90567,116],{},"It stores ",[15,90568,3904],{},[1474,90570,90572,90573,536,90575],{"id":90571},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90574,89593],{},[15,90576,52790],{},[20,90578,85940],{},[218,90580,90581,90590],{},[221,90582,90583,90585,90586,90589],{},[15,90584,89593],{}," changes what goes ",[153,90587,90588],{},"between"," multiple values",[221,90591,90592,90594,90595,90598],{},[15,90593,52790],{}," changes what appears ",[153,90596,90597],{},"after"," the output",[30,90600,90602],{"id":90601},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90604,90605,90606,90608],{},"These simple ",[15,90607,1214],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,90610,90612],{"className":37,"code":90611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90613,90614,90634,90649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90615,90616,90618,90620,90622,90625,90627,90629,90632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90617,142],{"class":141},[44,90619,123],{"class":115},[44,90621,112],{"class":58},[44,90623,90624],{"class":62},"Debug:",[44,90626,112],{"class":58},[44,90628,129],{"class":115},[44,90630,90631],{"class":119}," variable_name",[44,90633,135],{"class":115},[44,90635,90636,90638,90640,90642,90644,90647],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90637,142],{"class":141},[44,90639,123],{"class":115},[44,90641,1297],{"class":1296},[44,90643,123],{"class":115},[44,90645,90646],{"class":119},"variable_name",[44,90648,567],{"class":115},[44,90650,90651,90653,90655,90657],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,90652,1934],{"class":141},[44,90654,123],{"class":115},[44,90656,142],{"class":141},[44,90658,135],{"class":115},[20,90660,90661],{},"What they do:",[218,90663,90664,90670,90676],{},[221,90665,90666,90669],{},[15,90667,90668],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[221,90671,90672,90675],{},[15,90673,90674],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[221,90677,90678,90681,90682],{},[15,90679,90680],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90683,1214],{},[30,90685,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,90687,12844,90689,90691],{"id":90688},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90690,1214],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90693,90694,90695,90697,90698,36759],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90696,1214],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90699,52790],{},[1474,90701,5302,90703,90705],{"id":90702},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90704,1214],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90707,90708,90709,90711],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90710,1214],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1474,90713,5290,90715,5293,90718,1995],{"id":90714},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90716,90717],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90719,3904],{},[20,90721,29197,90722,90724],{},[15,90723,1214],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1474,90726,90728],{"id":90727},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90730,90731],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,90733,90735],{"className":37,"code":90734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90736,90737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90738,90739,90741,90743,90745,90747,90749,90751,90753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90740,142],{"class":141},[44,90742,123],{"class":115},[44,90744,112],{"class":58},[44,90746,89453],{"class":62},[44,90748,112],{"class":58},[44,90750,129],{"class":115},[44,90752,6140],{"class":77},[44,90754,135],{"class":115},[20,90756,90757,90758,40067],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90759,1016],{},[1474,90761,5312,90763,536,90765,1995],{"id":90762},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90764,89593],{},[15,90766,52790],{},[218,90768,90769,90774],{},[221,90770,90771,90773],{},[15,90772,89593],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[221,90775,90776,90778],{},[15,90777,52790],{}," changes what appears after the output",[30,90780,2019],{"id":2018},[218,90782,90783,90787,90793,90799,90803,90808],{},[221,90784,90785],{},[200,90786,51106],{"href":202},[221,90788,90789],{},[200,90790,1013,90791,1017],{"href":8357},[15,90792,3080],{},[221,90794,90795],{},[200,90796,1013,90797,1017],{"href":1012},[15,90798,1016],{},[221,90800,90801],{},[200,90802,2030],{"href":1462},[221,90804,90805],{},[200,90806,90807],{"href":90324},"How to debug Python code",[221,90809,90810],{},[200,90811,1864],{"href":1863},[2048,90813,90814],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":90816},[90817,90818,90820,90821,90827,90828,90829,90834,90840,90842,90844,90855,90856,90867],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":88997,"depth":69,"text":90819},"What print() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":89233,"depth":69,"text":89234,"children":90822},[90823,90824,90825,90826],{"id":89242,"depth":81,"text":89243},{"id":89283,"depth":81,"text":89284},{"id":89315,"depth":81,"text":89316},{"id":89342,"depth":81,"text":89343},{"id":89384,"depth":69,"text":89385},{"id":89580,"depth":69,"text":89581},{"id":89620,"depth":69,"text":90830,"children":90831},"sep argument",[90832,90833],{"id":89633,"depth":81,"text":89634},{"id":89683,"depth":81,"text":89684},{"id":89821,"depth":69,"text":90835,"children":90836},"end argument",[90837,90838,90839],{"id":89835,"depth":81,"text":89634},{"id":89888,"depth":81,"text":89889},{"id":89944,"depth":81,"text":89945},{"id":90027,"depth":69,"text":90841},"print() returns None",{"id":90162,"depth":69,"text":90843},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":90845},[90846,90847,90849,90851,90853],{"id":90335,"depth":81,"text":90336},{"id":90383,"depth":81,"text":90848},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90427,"depth":81,"text":90850},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90529,"depth":81,"text":90852},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90571,"depth":81,"text":90854},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90601,"depth":69,"text":90602},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":90857},[90858,90860,90862,90864,90865],{"id":90688,"depth":81,"text":90859},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90702,"depth":81,"text":90861},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90714,"depth":81,"text":90863},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90727,"depth":81,"text":90728},{"id":90762,"depth":81,"text":90866},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88881,"description":90868},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90875,"title":90876,"body":90877,"description":93180,"extension":2084,"meta":93181,"navigation":84,"path":93182,"seo":93183,"stem":93184,"__hash__":93185},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90878,"toc":93126},[90879,90884,90889,90902,90904,90969,90980,90985,90990,90992,91015,91018,91049,91051,91068,91073,91079,91084,91133,91136,91153,91159,91164,91187,91189,91217,91223,91231,91258,91260,91285,91291,91294,91325,91327,91356,91360,91363,91368,91390,91392,91420,91426,91432,91458,91460,91484,91490,91496,91526,91528,91556,91566,91570,91576,91609,91611,91640,91643,91646,91679,91681,91689,91695,91697,91720,91725,91734,91739,91753,91755,91795,91797,91827,91831,91866,91872,91876,91920,91922,91952,91958,91961,92040,92042,92064,92072,92075,92138,92146,92221,92227,92234,92239,92244,92267,92269,92290,92292,92305,92307,92354,92356,92395,92404,92406,92410,92414,92417,92444,92447,92476,92479,92503,92506,92514,92520,92542,92544,92572,92576,92581,92636,92640,92642,92699,92706,92715,92718,92750,92752,92760,92763,92769,92771,92794,92797,92803,92806,92825,92827,92846,92849,92871,92873,92901,92905,92909,93014,93016,93029,93031,93037,93040,93048,93053,93059,93065,93070,93078,93084,93091,93093,93123],[10,90880,1013,90882,3699],{"id":90881},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90883,36335],{},[20,90885,32453,90886,90888],{},[15,90887,36335],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90890,90891,90892,90894,90895,90897,90898,90901],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90893,6093],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90896,36335],{}," stops ",[153,90899,90900],{},"before"," the end value.",[30,90903,33],{"id":32},[35,90905,90907],{"className":37,"code":90906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90908,90909,90925,90935,90939,90944,90949,90954,90959,90964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90910,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90912,6093],{"class":4003},[44,90914,69679],{"class":50},[44,90916,887],{"class":4003},[44,90918,54200],{"class":141},[44,90920,123],{"class":115},[44,90922,2257],{"class":77},[44,90924,8480],{"class":115},[44,90926,90927,90929,90931,90933],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,90928,8206],{"class":141},[44,90930,123],{"class":115},[44,90932,36291],{"class":119},[44,90934,135],{"class":115},[44,90936,90937],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,90938,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,90940,90941],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,90942,90943],{"class":3787},"# Output:\n",[44,90945,90946],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,90947,90948],{"class":3787},"# 0\n",[44,90950,90951],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,90952,90953],{"class":3787},"# 1\n",[44,90955,90956],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,90957,90958],{"class":3787},"# 2\n",[44,90960,90961],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,90962,90963],{"class":3787},"# 3\n",[44,90965,90966],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,90967,90968],{"class":3787},"# 4\n",[20,90970,90971,90974,90975,90977,90978,116],{},[15,90972,90973],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90976,2240],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90979,2257],{},[30,90981,3802,90983,3805],{"id":90982},"what-range-does",[15,90984,36335],{},[20,90986,90987,90989],{},[15,90988,36335],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90991,13189],{},[218,90993,90994,90999,91005,91010],{},[221,90995,90996,90998],{},[15,90997,36335],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[221,91000,91001,91002,91004],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,91003,6093],{}," loops",[221,91006,91007,91008],{},"The stop value is ",[153,91009,65202],{},[221,91011,17558,91012,91014],{},[15,91013,60130],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,91016,91017],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,91019,91021],{"className":37,"code":91020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,91022,91023,91039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91024,91025,91027,91029,91031,91033,91035,91037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91026,6093],{"class":4003},[44,91028,6523],{"class":50},[44,91030,887],{"class":4003},[44,91032,54200],{"class":141},[44,91034,123],{"class":115},[44,91036,2183],{"class":77},[44,91038,8480],{"class":115},[44,91040,91041,91043,91045,91047],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91042,8206],{"class":141},[44,91044,123],{"class":115},[44,91046,2361],{"class":119},[44,91048,135],{"class":115},[20,91050,155],{},[35,91052,91054],{"className":37,"code":91053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91055,91056,91060,91064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91057,91058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91059,47383],{"class":77},[44,91061,91062],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91063,47048],{"class":77},[44,91065,91066],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,91067,17194],{"class":77},[20,91069,91070,91071,116],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[200,91072,36165],{"href":36164},[30,91074,91076,91078],{"id":91075},"range-syntax",[15,91077,36335],{}," syntax",[20,91080,91081,91083],{},[15,91082,36335],{}," has three common forms:",[35,91085,91087],{"className":37,"code":91086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91088,91089,91099,91114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91090,91091,91093,91095,91097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91092,60130],{"class":141},[44,91094,123],{"class":115},[44,91096,75557],{"class":119},[44,91098,135],{"class":115},[44,91100,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109,91112],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91102,60130],{"class":141},[44,91104,123],{"class":115},[44,91106,36209],{"class":119},[44,91108,129],{"class":115},[44,91110,91111],{"class":119}," stop",[44,91113,135],{"class":115},[44,91115,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91131],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,91117,60130],{"class":141},[44,91119,123],{"class":115},[44,91121,36209],{"class":119},[44,91123,129],{"class":115},[44,91125,91111],{"class":119},[44,91127,129],{"class":115},[44,91129,91130],{"class":119}," step",[44,91132,135],{"class":115},[20,91134,91135],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[218,91137,91138,91143,91148],{},[221,91139,91140,91142],{},[15,91141,36209],{}," = first number",[221,91144,91145,91147],{},[15,91146,75557],{}," = end limit, not included",[221,91149,91150,91152],{},[15,91151,75560],{}," = amount to move each time",[1474,91154,91156],{"id":91155},"rangestop",[15,91157,91158],{},"range(stop)",[20,91160,91161,91162,116],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91163,2240],{},[35,91165,91167],{"className":37,"code":91166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91168,91169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91170,91171,91173,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91172,142],{"class":141},[44,91174,123],{"class":115},[44,91176,8231],{"class":1296},[44,91178,123],{"class":115},[44,91180,60130],{"class":141},[44,91182,123],{"class":115},[44,91184,2257],{"class":77},[44,91186,3034],{"class":115},[20,91188,155],{},[35,91190,91191],{"className":37,"code":60153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91192,91193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91194,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205,91207,91209,91211,91213,91215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91196,4027],{"class":115},[44,91198,2240],{"class":77},[44,91200,129],{"class":115},[44,91202,5632],{"class":77},[44,91204,129],{"class":115},[44,91206,3116],{"class":77},[44,91208,129],{"class":115},[44,91210,2573],{"class":77},[44,91212,129],{"class":115},[44,91214,2579],{"class":77},[44,91216,3757],{"class":115},[1474,91218,91220],{"id":91219},"rangestart-stop",[15,91221,91222],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91224,91225,91226,91228,91229,116],{},"This starts at ",[15,91227,36209],{}," and stops before ",[15,91230,75557],{},[35,91232,91234],{"className":37,"code":91233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91235,91236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91237,91238,91240,91242,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91239,142],{"class":141},[44,91241,123],{"class":115},[44,91243,8231],{"class":1296},[44,91245,123],{"class":115},[44,91247,60130],{"class":141},[44,91249,123],{"class":115},[44,91251,2177],{"class":77},[44,91253,129],{"class":115},[44,91255,37780],{"class":77},[44,91257,3034],{"class":115},[20,91259,155],{},[35,91261,91263],{"className":37,"code":91262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91264,91265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91266,91267,91269,91271,91273,91275,91277,91279,91281,91283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91268,4027],{"class":115},[44,91270,2177],{"class":77},[44,91272,129],{"class":115},[44,91274,2573],{"class":77},[44,91276,129],{"class":115},[44,91278,2579],{"class":77},[44,91280,129],{"class":115},[44,91282,4735],{"class":77},[44,91284,3757],{"class":115},[1474,91286,91288],{"id":91287},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91289,91290],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91292,91293],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,91295,91297],{"className":37,"code":91296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91298,91299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91300,91301,91303,91305,91307,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91302,142],{"class":141},[44,91304,123],{"class":115},[44,91306,8231],{"class":1296},[44,91308,123],{"class":115},[44,91310,60130],{"class":141},[44,91312,123],{"class":115},[44,91314,3111],{"class":77},[44,91316,129],{"class":115},[44,91318,6140],{"class":77},[44,91320,129],{"class":115},[44,91322,3116],{"class":77},[44,91324,3034],{"class":115},[20,91326,155],{},[35,91328,91330],{"className":37,"code":91329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91331,91332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91333,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350,91352,91354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91335,4027],{"class":115},[44,91337,3111],{"class":77},[44,91339,129],{"class":115},[44,91341,2573],{"class":77},[44,91343,129],{"class":115},[44,91345,4735],{"class":77},[44,91347,129],{"class":115},[44,91349,6129],{"class":77},[44,91351,129],{"class":115},[44,91353,54266],{"class":77},[44,91355,3757],{"class":115},[30,91357,91359],{"id":91358},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91361,91362],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1474,91364,91366],{"id":91365},"range5",[15,91367,90973],{},[35,91369,91370],{"className":37,"code":91166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91371,91372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91373,91374,91376,91378,91380,91382,91384,91386,91388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91375,142],{"class":141},[44,91377,123],{"class":115},[44,91379,8231],{"class":1296},[44,91381,123],{"class":115},[44,91383,60130],{"class":141},[44,91385,123],{"class":115},[44,91387,2257],{"class":77},[44,91389,3034],{"class":115},[20,91391,155],{},[35,91393,91394],{"className":37,"code":60153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91395,91396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91397,91398,91400,91402,91404,91406,91408,91410,91412,91414,91416,91418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91399,4027],{"class":115},[44,91401,2240],{"class":77},[44,91403,129],{"class":115},[44,91405,5632],{"class":77},[44,91407,129],{"class":115},[44,91409,3116],{"class":77},[44,91411,129],{"class":115},[44,91413,2573],{"class":77},[44,91415,129],{"class":115},[44,91417,2579],{"class":77},[44,91419,3757],{"class":115},[20,91421,91225,91422,91228,91424,116],{},[15,91423,2240],{},[15,91425,2257],{},[1474,91427,91429],{"id":91428},"range2-6",[15,91430,91431],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,91433,91434],{"className":37,"code":91233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91435,91436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91437,91438,91440,91442,91444,91446,91448,91450,91452,91454,91456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91439,142],{"class":141},[44,91441,123],{"class":115},[44,91443,8231],{"class":1296},[44,91445,123],{"class":115},[44,91447,60130],{"class":141},[44,91449,123],{"class":115},[44,91451,2177],{"class":77},[44,91453,129],{"class":115},[44,91455,37780],{"class":77},[44,91457,3034],{"class":115},[20,91459,155],{},[35,91461,91462],{"className":37,"code":91262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91463,91464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91465,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91467,4027],{"class":115},[44,91469,2177],{"class":77},[44,91471,129],{"class":115},[44,91473,2573],{"class":77},[44,91475,129],{"class":115},[44,91477,2579],{"class":77},[44,91479,129],{"class":115},[44,91481,4735],{"class":77},[44,91483,3757],{"class":115},[20,91485,91225,91486,91228,91488,116],{},[15,91487,2177],{},[15,91489,80724],{},[1474,91491,91493],{"id":91492},"range1-10-2",[15,91494,91495],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,91497,91498],{"className":37,"code":91296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91499,91500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91501,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91503,142],{"class":141},[44,91505,123],{"class":115},[44,91507,8231],{"class":1296},[44,91509,123],{"class":115},[44,91511,60130],{"class":141},[44,91513,123],{"class":115},[44,91515,3111],{"class":77},[44,91517,129],{"class":115},[44,91519,6140],{"class":77},[44,91521,129],{"class":115},[44,91523,3116],{"class":77},[44,91525,3034],{"class":115},[20,91527,155],{},[35,91529,91530],{"className":37,"code":91329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91531,91532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91533,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91535,4027],{"class":115},[44,91537,3111],{"class":77},[44,91539,129],{"class":115},[44,91541,2573],{"class":77},[44,91543,129],{"class":115},[44,91545,4735],{"class":77},[44,91547,129],{"class":115},[44,91549,6129],{"class":77},[44,91551,129],{"class":115},[44,91553,54266],{"class":77},[44,91555,3757],{"class":115},[20,91557,91558,91559,91561,91562,61433,91564,116],{},"This moves by ",[15,91560,2177],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91563,3111],{},[15,91565,2265],{},[1474,91567,91569],{"id":91568},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91571,91572,91573,91575],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91574,36335],{}," count backward.",[35,91577,91579],{"className":37,"code":91578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91580,91581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91582,91583,91585,91587,91589,91591,91593,91595,91597,91599,91601,91603,91605,91607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91584,142],{"class":141},[44,91586,123],{"class":115},[44,91588,8231],{"class":1296},[44,91590,123],{"class":115},[44,91592,60130],{"class":141},[44,91594,123],{"class":115},[44,91596,2257],{"class":77},[44,91598,129],{"class":115},[44,91600,3959],{"class":77},[44,91602,129],{"class":115},[44,91604,2343],{"class":54},[44,91606,3111],{"class":77},[44,91608,3034],{"class":115},[20,91610,155],{},[35,91612,91614],{"className":37,"code":91613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91615,91616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91617,91618,91620,91622,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91619,4027],{"class":115},[44,91621,2257],{"class":77},[44,91623,129],{"class":115},[44,91625,2579],{"class":77},[44,91627,129],{"class":115},[44,91629,2573],{"class":77},[44,91631,129],{"class":115},[44,91633,3116],{"class":77},[44,91635,129],{"class":115},[44,91637,5632],{"class":77},[44,91639,3757],{"class":115},[20,91641,91642],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91644,91645],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,91647,91649],{"className":37,"code":91648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91650,91651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91652,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667,91669,91671,91673,91675,91677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91654,142],{"class":141},[44,91656,123],{"class":115},[44,91658,8231],{"class":1296},[44,91660,123],{"class":115},[44,91662,60130],{"class":141},[44,91664,123],{"class":115},[44,91666,3111],{"class":77},[44,91668,129],{"class":115},[44,91670,4735],{"class":77},[44,91672,129],{"class":115},[44,91674,2343],{"class":54},[44,91676,3111],{"class":77},[44,91678,3034],{"class":115},[20,91680,155],{},[35,91682,91683],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91684,91685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91686,91687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91688,38434],{"class":115},[1474,91690,91691,76720,91693],{"id":76944},[15,91692,75560],{},[15,91694,2240],{},[20,91696,2958],{},[35,91698,91700],{"className":37,"code":91699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91701,91702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91703,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714,91716,91718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91705,60130],{"class":141},[44,91707,123],{"class":115},[44,91709,3111],{"class":77},[44,91711,129],{"class":115},[44,91713,4735],{"class":77},[44,91715,129],{"class":115},[44,91717,3959],{"class":77},[44,91719,135],{"class":115},[20,91721,76989,91722,91724],{},[15,91723,40841],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[30,91726,8556,91728,91730,91731,91733],{"id":91727},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91729,36335],{}," in a ",[15,91732,6093],{}," loop",[20,91735,91736,91738],{},[15,91737,36335],{}," is most useful when:",[218,91740,91741,91744,91747],{},[221,91742,91743],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[221,91745,91746],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[221,91748,91749,91750],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91751,91752],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91754,238],{},[35,91756,91758],{"className":37,"code":91757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91759,91760,91776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91761,91762,91764,91766,91768,91770,91772,91774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91763,6093],{"class":4003},[44,91765,69679],{"class":50},[44,91767,887],{"class":4003},[44,91769,54200],{"class":141},[44,91771,123],{"class":115},[44,91773,2183],{"class":77},[44,91775,8480],{"class":115},[44,91777,91778,91780,91782,91784,91787,91789,91791,91793],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91779,8206],{"class":141},[44,91781,123],{"class":115},[44,91783,112],{"class":58},[44,91785,91786],{"class":62},"Loop number:",[44,91788,112],{"class":58},[44,91790,129],{"class":115},[44,91792,36266],{"class":119},[44,91794,135],{"class":115},[20,91796,155],{},[35,91798,91800],{"className":37,"code":91799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91801,91802,91811,91819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91803,91804,91807,91809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91805,91806],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,91808,790],{"class":115},[44,91810,38650],{"class":77},[44,91812,91813,91815,91817],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91814,91806],{"class":50},[44,91816,790],{"class":115},[44,91818,29751],{"class":77},[44,91820,91821,91823,91825],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,91822,91806],{"class":50},[44,91824,790],{"class":115},[44,91826,45723],{"class":77},[1474,91828,91830],{"id":91829},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,91832,91834],{"className":37,"code":91833,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91835,91836,91852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91837,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848,91850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91839,6093],{"class":4003},[44,91841,69679],{"class":50},[44,91843,887],{"class":4003},[44,91845,54200],{"class":141},[44,91847,123],{"class":115},[44,91849,2257],{"class":77},[44,91851,8480],{"class":115},[44,91853,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91855,8206],{"class":141},[44,91857,123],{"class":115},[44,91859,112],{"class":58},[44,91861,324],{"class":62},[44,91863,112],{"class":58},[44,91865,135],{"class":115},[20,91867,91868,91869,91871],{},"This prints ",[15,91870,90538],{}," five times.",[1474,91873,91875],{"id":91874},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,91877,91879],{"className":37,"code":91878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91880,91881,91901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91882,91883,91885,91887,91889,91891,91893,91895,91897,91899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91884,6093],{"class":4003},[44,91886,69679],{"class":50},[44,91888,887],{"class":4003},[44,91890,54200],{"class":141},[44,91892,123],{"class":115},[44,91894,3111],{"class":77},[44,91896,129],{"class":115},[44,91898,2579],{"class":77},[44,91900,8480],{"class":115},[44,91902,91903,91905,91907,91909,91912,91914,91916,91918],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91904,8206],{"class":141},[44,91906,123],{"class":115},[44,91908,112],{"class":58},[44,91910,91911],{"class":62},"Current number is",[44,91913,112],{"class":58},[44,91915,129],{"class":115},[44,91917,36266],{"class":119},[44,91919,135],{"class":115},[20,91921,155],{},[35,91923,91925],{"className":37,"code":91924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91926,91927,91936,91944],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91928,91929,91932,91934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91930,91931],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,91933,168],{"class":54},[44,91935,29751],{"class":77},[44,91937,91938,91940,91942],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,91939,91931],{"class":50},[44,91941,168],{"class":54},[44,91943,45723],{"class":77},[44,91945,91946,91948,91950],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,91947,91931],{"class":50},[44,91949,168],{"class":54},[44,91951,2699],{"class":77},[1474,91953,91955,91957],{"id":91954},"range-and-indexing",[15,91956,36335],{}," and indexing",[20,91959,91960],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,91962,91964],{"className":37,"code":91963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91965,91966,91998,92002,92022],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91967,91968,91970,91972,91974,91976,91978,91980,91982,91984,91986,91988,91990,91992,91994,91996],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91969,7917],{"class":50},[44,91971,55],{"class":54},[44,91973,3744],{"class":115},[44,91975,112],{"class":58},[44,91977,200],{"class":62},[44,91979,112],{"class":58},[44,91981,129],{"class":115},[44,91983,59],{"class":58},[44,91985,4891],{"class":62},[44,91987,112],{"class":58},[44,91989,129],{"class":115},[44,91991,59],{"class":58},[44,91993,9878],{"class":62},[44,91995,112],{"class":58},[44,91997,3757],{"class":115},[44,91999,92000],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92001,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,92003,92004,92006,92008,92010,92012,92014,92016,92018,92020],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,92005,6093],{"class":4003},[44,92007,69679],{"class":50},[44,92009,887],{"class":4003},[44,92011,54200],{"class":141},[44,92013,123],{"class":115},[44,92015,11302],{"class":141},[44,92017,123],{"class":115},[44,92019,7948],{"class":119},[44,92021,69694],{"class":115},[44,92023,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036,92038],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,92025,8206],{"class":141},[44,92027,123],{"class":115},[44,92029,36291],{"class":119},[44,92031,129],{"class":115},[44,92033,6101],{"class":119},[44,92035,4027],{"class":115},[44,92037,36291],{"class":119},[44,92039,4015],{"class":115},[20,92041,155],{},[35,92043,92044],{"className":37,"code":36303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92045,92046,92052,92058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92047,92048,92050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92049,2240],{"class":77},[44,92051,36312],{"class":50},[44,92053,92054,92056],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92055,3111],{"class":77},[44,92057,36319],{"class":50},[44,92059,92060,92062],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,92061,2177],{"class":77},[44,92063,36326],{"class":50},[20,92065,92066,92067,92071],{},"This works, and it uses ",[200,92068,92069],{"href":42495},[15,92070,42498],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92073,92074],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,92076,92078],{"className":37,"code":92077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92079,92080,92112,92116,92128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92081,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92083,7917],{"class":50},[44,92085,55],{"class":54},[44,92087,3744],{"class":115},[44,92089,112],{"class":58},[44,92091,200],{"class":62},[44,92093,112],{"class":58},[44,92095,129],{"class":115},[44,92097,59],{"class":58},[44,92099,4891],{"class":62},[44,92101,112],{"class":58},[44,92103,129],{"class":115},[44,92105,59],{"class":58},[44,92107,9878],{"class":62},[44,92109,112],{"class":58},[44,92111,3757],{"class":115},[44,92113,92114],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92115,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,92117,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,92119,6093],{"class":4003},[44,92121,6096],{"class":50},[44,92123,887],{"class":4003},[44,92125,6101],{"class":50},[44,92127,6530],{"class":115},[44,92129,92130,92132,92134,92136],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,92131,8206],{"class":141},[44,92133,123],{"class":115},[44,92135,23446],{"class":119},[44,92137,135],{"class":115},[20,92139,36730,92140,92145],{},[200,92141,92143],{"href":92142},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92144,35885],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,92147,92149],{"className":37,"code":92148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92150,92151,92183,92187,92207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92152,92153,92155,92157,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92154,7917],{"class":50},[44,92156,55],{"class":54},[44,92158,3744],{"class":115},[44,92160,112],{"class":58},[44,92162,200],{"class":62},[44,92164,112],{"class":58},[44,92166,129],{"class":115},[44,92168,59],{"class":58},[44,92170,4891],{"class":62},[44,92172,112],{"class":58},[44,92174,129],{"class":115},[44,92176,59],{"class":58},[44,92178,9878],{"class":62},[44,92180,112],{"class":58},[44,92182,3757],{"class":115},[44,92184,92185],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92186,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,92188,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,92190,6093],{"class":4003},[44,92192,35957],{"class":50},[44,92194,129],{"class":115},[44,92196,6096],{"class":50},[44,92198,887],{"class":4003},[44,92200,35967],{"class":141},[44,92202,123],{"class":115},[44,92204,7948],{"class":119},[44,92206,8480],{"class":115},[44,92208,92209,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,92210,8206],{"class":141},[44,92212,123],{"class":115},[44,92214,35982],{"class":119},[44,92216,129],{"class":115},[44,92218,29643],{"class":119},[44,92220,135],{"class":115},[20,92222,79249,92223,116],{},[200,92224,36743,92225,36746],{"href":36742},[15,92226,35885],{},[30,92228,92230,92231,92233],{"id":92229},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92232,36335],{}," to a list",[20,92235,92236,92238],{},[15,92237,36335],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92240,92241,92242,790],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92243,24916],{},[35,92245,92247],{"className":37,"code":92246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92248,92249],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92250,92251,92253,92255,92257,92259,92261,92263,92265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92252,142],{"class":141},[44,92254,123],{"class":115},[44,92256,8231],{"class":1296},[44,92258,123],{"class":115},[44,92260,60130],{"class":141},[44,92262,123],{"class":115},[44,92264,2183],{"class":77},[44,92266,3034],{"class":115},[20,92268,155],{},[35,92270,92272],{"className":37,"code":92271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92273,92274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92275,92276,92278,92280,92282,92284,92286,92288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92277,4027],{"class":115},[44,92279,2240],{"class":77},[44,92281,129],{"class":115},[44,92283,5632],{"class":77},[44,92285,129],{"class":115},[44,92287,3116],{"class":77},[44,92289,3757],{"class":115},[20,92291,33448],{},[218,92293,92294,92299,92302],{},[221,92295,92296,92297,42223],{},"learning how ",[15,92298,36335],{},[221,92300,92301],{},"checking your values",[221,92303,92304],{},"debugging code",[20,92306,5606],{},[35,92308,92310],{"className":37,"code":92309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92311,92312,92326,92330,92340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92313,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322,92324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92315,3739],{"class":50},[44,92317,55],{"class":54},[44,92319,54200],{"class":141},[44,92321,123],{"class":115},[44,92323,2626],{"class":77},[44,92325,135],{"class":115},[44,92327,92328],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92329,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,92331,92332,92334,92336,92338],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,92333,142],{"class":141},[44,92335,123],{"class":115},[44,92337,3771],{"class":119},[44,92339,135],{"class":115},[44,92341,92342,92344,92346,92348,92350,92352],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,92343,142],{"class":141},[44,92345,123],{"class":115},[44,92347,8231],{"class":1296},[44,92349,123],{"class":115},[44,92351,3771],{"class":119},[44,92353,567],{"class":115},[20,92355,155],{},[35,92357,92359],{"className":37,"code":92358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92360,92361,92375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92362,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371,92373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92364,60130],{"class":141},[44,92366,123],{"class":115},[44,92368,2240],{"class":77},[44,92370,129],{"class":115},[44,92372,2579],{"class":77},[44,92374,135],{"class":115},[44,92376,92377,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389,92391,92393],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92378,4027],{"class":115},[44,92380,2240],{"class":77},[44,92382,129],{"class":115},[44,92384,5632],{"class":77},[44,92386,129],{"class":115},[44,92388,3116],{"class":77},[44,92390,129],{"class":115},[44,92392,2573],{"class":77},[44,92394,3757],{"class":115},[20,92396,92397,92398,10724,92400,92403],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92399,60130],{},[15,92401,92402],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[30,92405,4648],{"id":4647},[20,92407,33677,92408,116],{},[15,92409,36335],{},[1474,92411,92413],{"id":92412},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92415,92416],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,92418,92420],{"className":37,"code":92419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92421,92422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92423,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92425,142],{"class":141},[44,92427,123],{"class":115},[44,92429,8231],{"class":1296},[44,92431,123],{"class":115},[44,92433,60130],{"class":141},[44,92435,123],{"class":115},[44,92437,3111],{"class":77},[44,92439,129],{"class":115},[44,92441,4735],{"class":77},[44,92443,3034],{"class":115},[20,92445,92446],{},"will produce:",[35,92448,92450],{"className":37,"code":92449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92451,92452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92453,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466,92468,92470,92472,92474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92455,4027],{"class":115},[44,92457,3111],{"class":77},[44,92459,129],{"class":115},[44,92461,3116],{"class":77},[44,92463,129],{"class":115},[44,92465,2573],{"class":77},[44,92467,129],{"class":115},[44,92469,2579],{"class":77},[44,92471,129],{"class":115},[44,92473,4735],{"class":77},[44,92475,3757],{"class":115},[20,92477,92478],{},"But the real output is:",[35,92480,92481],{"className":37,"code":53635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92482,92483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92484,92485,92487,92489,92491,92493,92495,92497,92499,92501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92486,4027],{"class":115},[44,92488,3111],{"class":77},[44,92490,129],{"class":115},[44,92492,3116],{"class":77},[44,92494,129],{"class":115},[44,92496,2573],{"class":77},[44,92498,129],{"class":115},[44,92500,2579],{"class":77},[44,92502,3757],{"class":115},[20,92504,92505],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1474,92507,4709,92509,92511,92512],{"id":92508},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92510,90973],{}," starts at ",[15,92513,3111],{},[20,92515,37604,92516,19101,92518,116],{},[15,92517,2240],{},[15,92519,3111],{},[35,92521,92522],{"className":37,"code":91166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92523,92524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92525,92526,92528,92530,92532,92534,92536,92538,92540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92527,142],{"class":141},[44,92529,123],{"class":115},[44,92531,8231],{"class":1296},[44,92533,123],{"class":115},[44,92535,60130],{"class":141},[44,92537,123],{"class":115},[44,92539,2257],{"class":77},[44,92541,3034],{"class":115},[20,92543,155],{},[35,92545,92546],{"className":37,"code":60153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92547,92548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92549,92550,92552,92554,92556,92558,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568,92570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92551,4027],{"class":115},[44,92553,2240],{"class":77},[44,92555,129],{"class":115},[44,92557,5632],{"class":77},[44,92559,129],{"class":115},[44,92561,3116],{"class":77},[44,92563,129],{"class":115},[44,92565,2573],{"class":77},[44,92567,129],{"class":115},[44,92569,2579],{"class":77},[44,92571,3757],{"class":115},[1474,92573,92575],{"id":92574},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92577,92578,92579,790],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92580,3080],{},[35,92582,92584],{"className":37,"code":92583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92585,92586,92605,92609,92626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92587,92588,92591,92593,92595,92597,92599,92601,92603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92589,92590],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,92592,55],{"class":54},[44,92594,8380],{"class":141},[44,92596,123],{"class":115},[44,92598,112],{"class":58},[44,92600,42009],{"class":62},[44,92602,112],{"class":58},[44,92604,135],{"class":115},[44,92606,92607],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92608,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,92610,92611,92613,92615,92617,92619,92621,92624],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,92612,6093],{"class":4003},[44,92614,69679],{"class":50},[44,92616,887],{"class":4003},[44,92618,54200],{"class":141},[44,92620,123],{"class":115},[44,92622,92623],{"class":119},"user_number",[44,92625,8480],{"class":115},[44,92627,92628,92630,92632,92634],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,92629,8206],{"class":141},[44,92631,123],{"class":115},[44,92633,36291],{"class":119},[44,92635,135],{"class":115},[20,92637,48641,92638,1224],{},[15,92639,3080],{},[20,92641,10947],{},[35,92643,92645],{"className":37,"code":92644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92646,92647,92669,92673,92689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92648,92649,92651,92653,92655,92657,92659,92661,92663,92665,92667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92650,92590],{"class":50},[44,92652,55],{"class":54},[44,92654,45410],{"class":1296},[44,92656,123],{"class":115},[44,92658,42600],{"class":141},[44,92660,123],{"class":115},[44,92662,112],{"class":58},[44,92664,42009],{"class":62},[44,92666,112],{"class":58},[44,92668,567],{"class":115},[44,92670,92671],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92672,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,92674,92675,92677,92679,92681,92683,92685,92687],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,92676,6093],{"class":4003},[44,92678,69679],{"class":50},[44,92680,887],{"class":4003},[44,92682,54200],{"class":141},[44,92684,123],{"class":115},[44,92686,92623],{"class":119},[44,92688,8480],{"class":115},[44,92690,92691,92693,92695,92697],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,92692,8206],{"class":141},[44,92694,123],{"class":115},[44,92696,36291],{"class":119},[44,92698,135],{"class":115},[20,92700,92701,92702,116],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[200,92703,50654,92704],{"href":50653},[15,92705,50657],{},[1474,92707,92709,92710,92712,92713],{"id":92708},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92711,36209],{}," smaller than ",[15,92714,75557],{},[20,92716,92717],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,92719,92720],{"className":37,"code":91648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92721,92722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92723,92724,92726,92728,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746,92748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92725,142],{"class":141},[44,92727,123],{"class":115},[44,92729,8231],{"class":1296},[44,92731,123],{"class":115},[44,92733,60130],{"class":141},[44,92735,123],{"class":115},[44,92737,3111],{"class":77},[44,92739,129],{"class":115},[44,92741,4735],{"class":77},[44,92743,129],{"class":115},[44,92745,2343],{"class":54},[44,92747,3111],{"class":77},[44,92749,3034],{"class":115},[20,92751,155],{},[35,92753,92754],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92755,92756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92757,92758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92759,38434],{"class":115},[20,92761,92762],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1474,92764,25751,92766],{"id":92765},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92767,92768],{},"step = 0",[20,92770,77700],{},[35,92772,92774],{"className":37,"code":92773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92775,92776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92777,92778,92780,92782,92784,92786,92788,92790,92792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92779,60130],{"class":141},[44,92781,123],{"class":115},[44,92783,3111],{"class":77},[44,92785,129],{"class":115},[44,92787,6140],{"class":77},[44,92789,129],{"class":115},[44,92791,3959],{"class":77},[44,92793,135],{"class":115},[20,92795,92796],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1474,92798,1838,92800,92802],{"id":92799},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92801,36335],{}," is not a list",[20,92804,92805],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,92807,92809],{"className":37,"code":92808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92810,92811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92812,92813,92815,92817,92819,92821,92823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92814,142],{"class":141},[44,92816,123],{"class":115},[44,92818,60130],{"class":141},[44,92820,123],{"class":115},[44,92822,2257],{"class":77},[44,92824,567],{"class":115},[20,92826,155],{},[35,92828,92830],{"className":37,"code":92829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92831,92832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92833,92834,92836,92838,92840,92842,92844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92835,60130],{"class":141},[44,92837,123],{"class":115},[44,92839,2240],{"class":77},[44,92841,129],{"class":115},[44,92843,4735],{"class":77},[44,92845,135],{"class":115},[20,92847,92848],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,92850,92851],{"className":37,"code":91166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92852,92853],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92854,92855,92857,92859,92861,92863,92865,92867,92869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92856,142],{"class":141},[44,92858,123],{"class":115},[44,92860,8231],{"class":1296},[44,92862,123],{"class":115},[44,92864,60130],{"class":141},[44,92866,123],{"class":115},[44,92868,2257],{"class":77},[44,92870,3034],{"class":115},[20,92872,155],{},[35,92874,92875],{"className":37,"code":60153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92876,92877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92878,92879,92881,92883,92885,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92880,4027],{"class":115},[44,92882,2240],{"class":77},[44,92884,129],{"class":115},[44,92886,5632],{"class":77},[44,92888,129],{"class":115},[44,92890,3116],{"class":77},[44,92892,129],{"class":115},[44,92894,2573],{"class":77},[44,92896,129],{"class":115},[44,92898,2579],{"class":77},[44,92900,3757],{"class":115},[30,92902,92904],{"id":92903},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92906,9015,92907,82470],{},[15,92908,36335],{},[35,92910,92912],{"className":37,"code":92911,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92913,92914,92928,92946,92968,92996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92915,92916,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92917,142],{"class":141},[44,92919,123],{"class":115},[44,92921,60130],{"class":141},[44,92923,123],{"class":115},[44,92925,2257],{"class":77},[44,92927,567],{"class":115},[44,92929,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940,92942,92944],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,92931,142],{"class":141},[44,92933,123],{"class":115},[44,92935,8231],{"class":1296},[44,92937,123],{"class":115},[44,92939,60130],{"class":141},[44,92941,123],{"class":115},[44,92943,2257],{"class":77},[44,92945,3034],{"class":115},[44,92947,92948,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962,92964,92966],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,92949,142],{"class":141},[44,92951,123],{"class":115},[44,92953,8231],{"class":1296},[44,92955,123],{"class":115},[44,92957,60130],{"class":141},[44,92959,123],{"class":115},[44,92961,2177],{"class":77},[44,92963,129],{"class":115},[44,92965,6496],{"class":77},[44,92967,3034],{"class":115},[44,92969,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978,92980,92982,92984,92986,92988,92990,92992,92994],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,92971,142],{"class":141},[44,92973,123],{"class":115},[44,92975,8231],{"class":1296},[44,92977,123],{"class":115},[44,92979,60130],{"class":141},[44,92981,123],{"class":115},[44,92983,2451],{"class":77},[44,92985,129],{"class":115},[44,92987,3959],{"class":77},[44,92989,129],{"class":115},[44,92991,2343],{"class":54},[44,92993,2177],{"class":77},[44,92995,3034],{"class":115},[44,92997,92998,93000,93002,93004,93006,93008,93010,93012],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,92999,142],{"class":141},[44,93001,123],{"class":115},[44,93003,1297],{"class":1296},[44,93005,123],{"class":115},[44,93007,60130],{"class":141},[44,93009,123],{"class":115},[44,93011,2257],{"class":77},[44,93013,3034],{"class":115},[20,93015,26143],{},[218,93017,93018,93021,93024],{},[221,93019,93020],{},"what values are being created",[221,93022,93023],{},"whether the direction is correct",[221,93025,93026,93027,24753],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,93028,60130],{},[30,93030,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,93032,12844,93034,93036],{"id":93033},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,93035,36335],{}," include the last number?",[20,93038,93039],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1474,93041,5290,93043,93045,93046,1995],{"id":93042},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,93044,90973],{}," start at ",[15,93047,2240],{},[20,93049,93050,93051,116],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93052,2240],{},[1474,93054,5302,93056,93058],{"id":93055},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93057,36335],{}," count backward?",[20,93060,93061,93062,116],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93063,93064],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1474,93066,2006,93068,26178],{"id":93067},"is-range-a-list",[15,93069,36335],{},[20,93071,26181,93072,93074,93075,24074],{},[15,93073,60130],{}," object. Use ",[15,93076,93077],{},"list(range(...))",[1474,93079,5290,93081,48815],{"id":93080},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93082,93083],{},"range(input())",[20,93085,93086,3605,93088,116],{},[15,93087,3080],{},[15,93089,93090],{},"int(input())",[30,93092,2019],{"id":2018},[218,93094,93095,93099,93105,93111,93117],{},[221,93096,93097],{},[200,93098,36165],{"href":36164},[221,93100,93101],{},[200,93102,1013,93103,1017],{"href":42495},[15,93104,42498],{},[221,93106,93107],{},[200,93108,1013,93109,1017],{"href":92142},[15,93110,35885],{},[221,93112,93113],{},[200,93114,37655,93115,36746],{"href":36742},[15,93116,35885],{},[221,93118,93119],{},[200,93120,50654,93121],{"href":50653},[15,93122,50657],{},[2048,93124,93125],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":93127},[93128,93129,93131,93137,93145,93152,93154,93166,93167,93179],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":90982,"depth":69,"text":93130},"What range() does",{"id":91075,"depth":69,"text":93132,"children":93133},"range() syntax",[93134,93135,93136],{"id":91155,"depth":81,"text":91158},{"id":91219,"depth":81,"text":91222},{"id":91287,"depth":81,"text":91290},{"id":91358,"depth":69,"text":91359,"children":93138},[93139,93140,93141,93142,93143],{"id":91365,"depth":81,"text":90973},{"id":91428,"depth":81,"text":91431},{"id":91492,"depth":81,"text":91495},{"id":91568,"depth":81,"text":91569},{"id":76944,"depth":81,"text":93144},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91727,"depth":69,"text":93146,"children":93147},"Using range() in a for loop",[93148,93149,93150],{"id":91829,"depth":81,"text":91830},{"id":91874,"depth":81,"text":91875},{"id":91954,"depth":81,"text":93151},"range() and indexing",{"id":92229,"depth":69,"text":93153},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":93155},[93156,93157,93159,93160,93162,93164],{"id":92412,"depth":81,"text":92413},{"id":92508,"depth":81,"text":93158},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92574,"depth":81,"text":92575},{"id":92708,"depth":81,"text":93161},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92765,"depth":81,"text":93163},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92799,"depth":81,"text":93165},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92903,"depth":69,"text":92904},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":93168},[93169,93171,93173,93175,93177],{"id":93033,"depth":81,"text":93170},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":93042,"depth":81,"text":93172},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93055,"depth":81,"text":93174},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93067,"depth":81,"text":93176},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93080,"depth":81,"text":93178},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90876,"description":93180},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93187,"title":93188,"body":93189,"description":94862,"extension":2084,"meta":94863,"navigation":84,"path":94864,"seo":94865,"stem":94866,"__hash__":94867},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93190,"toc":94835},[93191,93200,93207,93224,93240,93242,93291,93299,93303,93306,93326,93328,93392,93394,93437,93440,93486,93488,93521,93531,93537,93545,93562,93564,93595,93597,93622,93627,93638,93641,93711,93713,93744,93749,93754,93771,93773,93824,93826,93859,93862,93869,93874,93878,93894,93896,93940,93942,93988,93991,94004,94009,94013,94027,94029,94080,94082,94115,94120,94122,94129,94131,94154,94156,94221,94223,94240,94243,94276,94278,94306,94316,94323,94327,94330,94348,94351,94379,94382,94400,94405,94411,94414,94436,94438,94466,94468,94471,94496,94499,94612,94614,94693,94695,94701,94706,94714,94722,94726,94729,94731,94764,94766,94774,94780,94787,94794,94797,94799,94832],[10,93192,1013,93194,10724,93196,93199],{"id":93193},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93195,36335],{},[15,93197,93198],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93201,93202,536,93204,93206],{},[15,93203,36335],{},[15,93205,93198],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[218,93208,93209,93217],{},[221,93210,93211,93213,93214],{},[15,93212,36335],{}," creates a ",[153,93215,93216],{},"range object",[221,93218,93219,93213,93221],{},[15,93220,93198],{},[153,93222,93223],{},"real list",[20,93225,93226,93227,93229,93230,93233,93234,93236,93237,93239],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93228,90973],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93231,93232],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93235,36335],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93238,93198],{}," when you actually need a list.",[30,93241,3729],{"id":3728},[35,93243,93245],{"className":37,"code":93244,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93246,93247,93261,93274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93248,93249,93251,93253,93255,93257,93259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93250,3739],{"class":50},[44,93252,55],{"class":54},[44,93254,54200],{"class":141},[44,93256,123],{"class":115},[44,93258,2257],{"class":77},[44,93260,135],{"class":115},[44,93262,93263,93265,93267,93269,93271],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93264,142],{"class":141},[44,93266,123],{"class":115},[44,93268,3771],{"class":119},[44,93270,3784],{"class":115},[44,93272,93273],{"class":3787},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,93275,93276,93278,93280,93282,93284,93286,93288],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,93277,142],{"class":141},[44,93279,123],{"class":115},[44,93281,8231],{"class":1296},[44,93283,123],{"class":115},[44,93285,3771],{"class":119},[44,93287,5495],{"class":115},[44,93289,93290],{"class":3787},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93292,189,93293,93295,93296,93298],{},[15,93294,36335],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93297,93198],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[30,93300,93302],{"id":93301},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93304,93305],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[218,93307,93308,93315,93320,93323],{},[221,93309,93310,22112,93312,93314],{},[15,93311,36335],{},[153,93313,93216],{},", not a list",[221,93316,93317,93319],{},[15,93318,93198],{}," converts that range object into a list",[221,93321,93322],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[221,93324,93325],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93327,238],{},[35,93329,93331],{"className":37,"code":93330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93332,93333,93348,93367,93371,93381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93334,93335,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93336,93337],{"class":50},"r ",[44,93339,55],{"class":54},[44,93341,54200],{"class":141},[44,93343,123],{"class":115},[44,93345,2257],{"class":77},[44,93347,135],{"class":115},[44,93349,93350,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361,93363,93365],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93351,93352],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,93354,55],{"class":54},[44,93356,22695],{"class":1296},[44,93358,123],{"class":115},[44,93360,60130],{"class":141},[44,93362,123],{"class":115},[44,93364,2257],{"class":77},[44,93366,567],{"class":115},[44,93368,93369],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,93370,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,93372,93373,93375,93377,93379],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,93374,142],{"class":141},[44,93376,123],{"class":115},[44,93378,60637],{"class":119},[44,93380,135],{"class":115},[44,93382,93383,93385,93387,93390],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,93384,142],{"class":141},[44,93386,123],{"class":115},[44,93388,93389],{"class":119},"lst",[44,93391,135],{"class":115},[20,93393,155],{},[35,93395,93397],{"className":37,"code":93396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93398,93399,93413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93400,93401,93403,93405,93407,93409,93411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93402,60130],{"class":141},[44,93404,123],{"class":115},[44,93406,2240],{"class":77},[44,93408,129],{"class":115},[44,93410,4735],{"class":77},[44,93412,135],{"class":115},[44,93414,93415,93417,93419,93421,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431,93433,93435],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93416,4027],{"class":115},[44,93418,2240],{"class":77},[44,93420,129],{"class":115},[44,93422,5632],{"class":77},[44,93424,129],{"class":115},[44,93426,3116],{"class":77},[44,93428,129],{"class":115},[44,93430,2573],{"class":77},[44,93432,129],{"class":115},[44,93434,2579],{"class":77},[44,93436,3757],{"class":115},[20,93438,93439],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,93441,93443],{"className":37,"code":93442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93444,93445,93463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93446,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455,93457,93459,93461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93448,142],{"class":141},[44,93450,123],{"class":115},[44,93452,1297],{"class":1296},[44,93454,123],{"class":115},[44,93456,60130],{"class":141},[44,93458,123],{"class":115},[44,93460,2257],{"class":77},[44,93462,3034],{"class":115},[44,93464,93465,93467,93469,93471,93473,93475,93477,93479,93481,93483],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93466,142],{"class":141},[44,93468,123],{"class":115},[44,93470,1297],{"class":1296},[44,93472,123],{"class":115},[44,93474,8231],{"class":1296},[44,93476,123],{"class":115},[44,93478,60130],{"class":141},[44,93480,123],{"class":115},[44,93482,2257],{"class":77},[44,93484,93485],{"class":115},"))))\n",[20,93487,155],{},[35,93489,93491],{"className":37,"code":93490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93492,93493,93507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93494,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503,93505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93496,1326],{"class":54},[44,93498,1329],{"class":1075},[44,93500,1332],{"class":58},[44,93502,60130],{"class":62},[44,93504,1338],{"class":58},[44,93506,1341],{"class":54},[44,93508,93509,93511,93513,93515,93517,93519],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93510,1326],{"class":54},[44,93512,1329],{"class":1075},[44,93514,1332],{"class":58},[44,93516,8231],{"class":62},[44,93518,1338],{"class":58},[44,93520,1341],{"class":54},[20,93522,93523,93524,93526,93527,116],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93525,36335],{}," works, see ",[200,93528,1013,93529,1017],{"href":93182},[15,93530,36335],{},[30,93532,3802,93534,93536],{"id":93533},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93535,36335],{}," gives you",[20,93538,93539,93541,93542,93544],{},[15,93540,36335],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93543,6093],{}," loops.",[218,93546,93547,93550,93553,93556],{},[221,93548,93549],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[221,93551,93552],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[221,93554,93555],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[221,93557,93558,93559],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93560,93561],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93563,238],{},[35,93565,93567],{"className":37,"code":93566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93568,93569,93585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93570,93571,93573,93575,93577,93579,93581,93583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93572,6093],{"class":4003},[44,93574,69679],{"class":50},[44,93576,887],{"class":4003},[44,93578,54200],{"class":141},[44,93580,123],{"class":115},[44,93582,2257],{"class":77},[44,93584,8480],{"class":115},[44,93586,93587,93589,93591,93593],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93588,8206],{"class":141},[44,93590,123],{"class":115},[44,93592,36291],{"class":119},[44,93594,135],{"class":115},[20,93596,155],{},[35,93598,93600],{"className":37,"code":93599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93601,93602,93606,93610,93614,93618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93603,93604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93605,47383],{"class":77},[44,93607,93608],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93609,47048],{"class":77},[44,93611,93612],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,93613,17194],{"class":77},[44,93615,93616],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,93617,46748],{"class":77},[44,93619,93620],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,93621,48781],{"class":77},[20,93623,20908,93624,93626],{},[15,93625,90973],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93628,93629,93630,93632,93633,116],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93631,36335],{}," is so common with ",[200,93634,1013,93636,91004],{"href":93635},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93637,6093],{},[20,93639,93640],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,93642,93644],{"className":37,"code":93643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93645,93646,93668,93672,93682,93696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93647,93648,93650,93652,93654,93656,93658,93660,93662,93664,93666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93649,93337],{"class":50},[44,93651,55],{"class":54},[44,93653,54200],{"class":141},[44,93655,123],{"class":115},[44,93657,2177],{"class":77},[44,93659,129],{"class":115},[44,93661,6140],{"class":77},[44,93663,129],{"class":115},[44,93665,3116],{"class":77},[44,93667,135],{"class":115},[44,93669,93670],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93671,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,93673,93674,93676,93678,93680],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,93675,142],{"class":141},[44,93677,123],{"class":115},[44,93679,60637],{"class":119},[44,93681,135],{"class":115},[44,93683,93684,93686,93688,93690,93692,93694],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,93685,142],{"class":141},[44,93687,123],{"class":115},[44,93689,11302],{"class":141},[44,93691,123],{"class":115},[44,93693,60637],{"class":119},[44,93695,567],{"class":115},[44,93697,93698,93700,93702,93704,93706,93709],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,93699,142],{"class":141},[44,93701,123],{"class":115},[44,93703,80724],{"class":77},[44,93705,21311],{"class":4003},[44,93707,93708],{"class":119}," r",[44,93710,135],{"class":115},[20,93712,155],{},[35,93714,93716],{"className":37,"code":93715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93717,93718,93736,93740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93719,93720,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730,93732,93734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93721,60130],{"class":141},[44,93723,123],{"class":115},[44,93725,2177],{"class":77},[44,93727,129],{"class":115},[44,93729,6140],{"class":77},[44,93731,129],{"class":115},[44,93733,3116],{"class":77},[44,93735,135],{"class":115},[44,93737,93738],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93739,48781],{"class":77},[44,93741,93742],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,93743,4107],{"class":3978},[30,93745,3802,93747,93536],{"id":93746},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93748,93198],{},[20,93750,93751,93753],{},[15,93752,93198],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[218,93755,93756,93759,93762,93765],{},[221,93757,93758],{},"It creates all values at once",[221,93760,93761],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[221,93763,93764],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[221,93766,93767,93768,93770],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93769,36335],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93772,238],{},[35,93774,93776],{"className":37,"code":93775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93777,93778,93796,93800,93810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93779,93780,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790,93792,93794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93781,3739],{"class":50},[44,93783,55],{"class":54},[44,93785,22695],{"class":1296},[44,93787,123],{"class":115},[44,93789,60130],{"class":141},[44,93791,123],{"class":115},[44,93793,2257],{"class":77},[44,93795,567],{"class":115},[44,93797,93798],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93799,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,93801,93802,93804,93806,93808],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,93803,142],{"class":141},[44,93805,123],{"class":115},[44,93807,3771],{"class":119},[44,93809,135],{"class":115},[44,93811,93812,93814,93816,93818,93820,93822],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,93813,142],{"class":141},[44,93815,123],{"class":115},[44,93817,3771],{"class":119},[44,93819,4027],{"class":115},[44,93821,2177],{"class":77},[44,93823,4015],{"class":115},[20,93825,155],{},[35,93827,93829],{"className":37,"code":93828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93830,93831,93855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93832,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849,93851,93853],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93834,4027],{"class":115},[44,93836,2240],{"class":77},[44,93838,129],{"class":115},[44,93840,5632],{"class":77},[44,93842,129],{"class":115},[44,93844,3116],{"class":77},[44,93846,129],{"class":115},[44,93848,2573],{"class":77},[44,93850,129],{"class":115},[44,93852,2579],{"class":77},[44,93854,3757],{"class":115},[44,93856,93857],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93858,17194],{"class":77},[20,93860,93861],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93863,93864,93865,116],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[200,93866,1013,93867,1017],{"href":64980},[15,93868,24916],{},[30,93870,5092,93872],{"id":93871},"when-to-use-range",[15,93873,36335],{},[20,93875,189,93876,10740],{},[15,93877,36335],{},[218,93879,93880,93885,93888,93891],{},[221,93881,93882,93883,91733],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93884,6093],{},[221,93886,93887],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[221,93889,93890],{},"You are working with large sequences",[221,93892,93893],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93895,238],{},[35,93897,93899],{"className":37,"code":93898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93900,93901,93921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93902,93903,93905,93907,93909,93911,93913,93915,93917,93919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93904,6093],{"class":4003},[44,93906,69679],{"class":50},[44,93908,887],{"class":4003},[44,93910,54200],{"class":141},[44,93912,123],{"class":115},[44,93914,3111],{"class":77},[44,93916,129],{"class":115},[44,93918,37780],{"class":77},[44,93920,8480],{"class":115},[44,93922,93923,93925,93927,93929,93932,93934,93936,93938],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93924,8206],{"class":141},[44,93926,123],{"class":115},[44,93928,112],{"class":58},[44,93930,93931],{"class":62},"Count:",[44,93933,112],{"class":58},[44,93935,129],{"class":115},[44,93937,36266],{"class":119},[44,93939,135],{"class":115},[20,93941,155],{},[35,93943,93945],{"className":37,"code":93944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93946,93947,93956,93964,93972,93980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93948,93949,93952,93954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93950,93951],{"class":50},"Count",[44,93953,790],{"class":115},[44,93955,29751],{"class":77},[44,93957,93958,93960,93962],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,93959,93951],{"class":50},[44,93961,790],{"class":115},[44,93963,45723],{"class":77},[44,93965,93966,93968,93970],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,93967,93951],{"class":50},[44,93969,790],{"class":115},[44,93971,2699],{"class":77},[44,93973,93974,93976,93978],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,93975,93951],{"class":50},[44,93977,790],{"class":115},[44,93979,23799],{"class":77},[44,93981,93982,93984,93986],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,93983,93951],{"class":50},[44,93985,790],{"class":115},[44,93987,34978],{"class":77},[20,93989,93990],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93992,93993,93994,93996,93997,62420,93999,116],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93995,35885],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93998,36736],{},[200,94000,36743,94002,36746],{"href":94001},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,94003,35885],{},[30,94005,5092,94007],{"id":94006},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,94008,93198],{},[20,94010,189,94011,10740],{},[15,94012,93198],{},[218,94014,94015,94018,94021,94024],{},[221,94016,94017],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[221,94019,94020],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[221,94022,94023],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[221,94025,94026],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,94028,238],{},[35,94030,94032],{"className":37,"code":94031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,94033,94034,94052,94066,94070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94035,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046,94048,94050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94037,3739],{"class":50},[44,94039,55],{"class":54},[44,94041,22695],{"class":1296},[44,94043,123],{"class":115},[44,94045,60130],{"class":141},[44,94047,123],{"class":115},[44,94049,2257],{"class":77},[44,94051,567],{"class":115},[44,94053,94054,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94055,3771],{"class":50},[44,94057,116],{"class":115},[44,94059,13691],{"class":119},[44,94061,123],{"class":115},[44,94063,2257],{"class":77},[44,94065,135],{"class":115},[44,94067,94068],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,94069,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,94071,94072,94074,94076,94078],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,94073,142],{"class":141},[44,94075,123],{"class":115},[44,94077,3771],{"class":119},[44,94079,135],{"class":115},[20,94081,155],{},[35,94083,94085],{"className":37,"code":94084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94086,94087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94088,94089,94091,94093,94095,94097,94099,94101,94103,94105,94107,94109,94111,94113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94090,4027],{"class":115},[44,94092,2240],{"class":77},[44,94094,129],{"class":115},[44,94096,5632],{"class":77},[44,94098,129],{"class":115},[44,94100,3116],{"class":77},[44,94102,129],{"class":115},[44,94104,2573],{"class":77},[44,94106,129],{"class":115},[44,94108,2579],{"class":77},[44,94110,129],{"class":115},[44,94112,4735],{"class":77},[44,94114,3757],{"class":115},[20,94116,6196,94117,94119],{},[15,94118,3771],{}," is a list.",[30,94121,15734],{"id":15733},[20,94123,94124,94126,94127,116],{},[15,94125,36335],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[153,94128,37734],{},[20,94130,2227],{},[218,94132,94133,94135,94140,94145,94148],{},[221,94134,22122],{},[221,94136,94137,94138],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94139,42498],{},[221,94141,94142,94143],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94144,887],{},[221,94146,94147],{},"You can index it",[221,94149,94150,94151,94153],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94152,52782],{}," do not work on it",[20,94155,238],{},[35,94157,94159],{"className":37,"code":94158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94160,94161,94175,94179,94193,94207],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94162,94163,94165,94167,94169,94171,94173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94164,93337],{"class":50},[44,94166,55],{"class":54},[44,94168,54200],{"class":141},[44,94170,123],{"class":115},[44,94172,2257],{"class":77},[44,94174,135],{"class":115},[44,94176,94177],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94178,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,94180,94181,94183,94185,94187,94189,94191],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,94182,142],{"class":141},[44,94184,123],{"class":115},[44,94186,60637],{"class":119},[44,94188,4027],{"class":115},[44,94190,2177],{"class":77},[44,94192,4015],{"class":115},[44,94194,94195,94197,94199,94201,94203,94205],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,94196,142],{"class":141},[44,94198,123],{"class":115},[44,94200,11302],{"class":141},[44,94202,123],{"class":115},[44,94204,60637],{"class":119},[44,94206,567],{"class":115},[44,94208,94209,94211,94213,94215,94217,94219],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,94210,142],{"class":141},[44,94212,123],{"class":115},[44,94214,2183],{"class":77},[44,94216,21311],{"class":4003},[44,94218,93708],{"class":119},[44,94220,135],{"class":115},[20,94222,155],{},[35,94224,94226],{"className":37,"code":94225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94227,94228,94232,94236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94229,94230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94231,17194],{"class":77},[44,94233,94234],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94235,3069],{"class":77},[44,94237,94238],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,94239,4107],{"class":3978},[20,94241,94242],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,94244,94246],{"className":37,"code":94245,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94247,94248,94262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94249,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258,94260],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94251,93337],{"class":50},[44,94253,55],{"class":54},[44,94255,54200],{"class":141},[44,94257,123],{"class":115},[44,94259,2257],{"class":77},[44,94261,135],{"class":115},[44,94263,94264,94266,94268,94270,94272,94274],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94265,60637],{"class":50},[44,94267,116],{"class":115},[44,94269,13691],{"class":119},[44,94271,123],{"class":115},[44,94273,2257],{"class":77},[44,94275,135],{"class":115},[20,94277,155],{},[35,94279,94281],{"className":37,"code":94280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94282,94283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94284,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94295,94297,94300,94302,94304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94286,25806],{"class":1296},[44,94288,790],{"class":115},[44,94290,1332],{"class":58},[44,94292,60130],{"class":62},[44,94294,1338],{"class":58},[44,94296,24753],{"class":1296},[44,94298,94299],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,94301,1338],{"class":58},[44,94303,13691],{"class":62},[44,94305,29836],{"class":58},[20,94307,94308,94309,2310,94311,2314,94313,94315],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94310,52782],{},[15,94312,55659],{},[15,94314,64444],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94317,94318,94319,116],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[200,94320,25814,94321],{"href":35555},[15,94322,34392],{},[30,94324,94326],{"id":94325},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94328,94329],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,94331,94332],{"className":37,"code":92808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94333,94334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94335,94336,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94337,142],{"class":141},[44,94339,123],{"class":115},[44,94341,60130],{"class":141},[44,94343,123],{"class":115},[44,94345,2257],{"class":77},[44,94347,567],{"class":115},[20,94349,94350],{},"to show:",[35,94352,94353],{"className":37,"code":60153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94354,94355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94356,94357,94359,94361,94363,94365,94367,94369,94371,94373,94375,94377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94358,4027],{"class":115},[44,94360,2240],{"class":77},[44,94362,129],{"class":115},[44,94364,5632],{"class":77},[44,94366,129],{"class":115},[44,94368,3116],{"class":77},[44,94370,129],{"class":115},[44,94372,2573],{"class":77},[44,94374,129],{"class":115},[44,94376,2579],{"class":77},[44,94378,3757],{"class":115},[20,94380,94381],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,94383,94384],{"className":37,"code":92829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94385,94386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94387,94388,94390,94392,94394,94396,94398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94389,60130],{"class":141},[44,94391,123],{"class":115},[44,94393,2240],{"class":77},[44,94395,129],{"class":115},[44,94397,4735],{"class":77},[44,94399,135],{"class":115},[20,94401,4758,94402,94404],{},[153,94403,4761],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94406,94407,94408,94410],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[153,94409,93216],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94412,94413],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,94415,94416],{"className":37,"code":91166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94417,94418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94419,94420,94422,94424,94426,94428,94430,94432,94434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94421,142],{"class":141},[44,94423,123],{"class":115},[44,94425,8231],{"class":1296},[44,94427,123],{"class":115},[44,94429,60130],{"class":141},[44,94431,123],{"class":115},[44,94433,2257],{"class":77},[44,94435,3034],{"class":115},[20,94437,155],{},[35,94439,94440],{"className":37,"code":60153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94441,94442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94443,94444,94446,94448,94450,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460,94462,94464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94445,4027],{"class":115},[44,94447,2240],{"class":77},[44,94449,129],{"class":115},[44,94451,5632],{"class":77},[44,94453,129],{"class":115},[44,94455,3116],{"class":77},[44,94457,129],{"class":115},[44,94459,2573],{"class":77},[44,94461,129],{"class":115},[44,94463,2579],{"class":77},[44,94465,3757],{"class":115},[30,94467,1467],{"id":1466},[20,94469,94470],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[218,94472,94473,94479,94482,94488],{},[221,94474,8556,94475,94478],{},[15,94476,94477],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[221,94480,94481],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[221,94483,94484,94485,94487],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94486,36335],{}," is iterable but not a list",[221,94489,8556,94490,94492,94493,94495],{},[15,94491,93198],{}," when plain ",[15,94494,36335],{}," would be simpler",[20,94497,94498],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,94500,94502],{"className":37,"code":94501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94503,94504,94518,94536,94554,94576,94594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94505,94506,94508,94510,94512,94514,94516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94507,142],{"class":141},[44,94509,123],{"class":115},[44,94511,60130],{"class":141},[44,94513,123],{"class":115},[44,94515,2257],{"class":77},[44,94517,567],{"class":115},[44,94519,94520,94522,94524,94526,94528,94530,94532,94534],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94521,142],{"class":141},[44,94523,123],{"class":115},[44,94525,8231],{"class":1296},[44,94527,123],{"class":115},[44,94529,60130],{"class":141},[44,94531,123],{"class":115},[44,94533,2257],{"class":77},[44,94535,3034],{"class":115},[44,94537,94538,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94550,94552],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,94539,142],{"class":141},[44,94541,123],{"class":115},[44,94543,1297],{"class":1296},[44,94545,123],{"class":115},[44,94547,60130],{"class":141},[44,94549,123],{"class":115},[44,94551,2257],{"class":77},[44,94553,3034],{"class":115},[44,94555,94556,94558,94560,94562,94564,94566,94568,94570,94572,94574],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,94557,142],{"class":141},[44,94559,123],{"class":115},[44,94561,1297],{"class":1296},[44,94563,123],{"class":115},[44,94565,8231],{"class":1296},[44,94567,123],{"class":115},[44,94569,60130],{"class":141},[44,94571,123],{"class":115},[44,94573,2257],{"class":77},[44,94575,93485],{"class":115},[44,94577,94578,94580,94582,94584,94586,94588,94590,94592],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,94579,142],{"class":141},[44,94581,123],{"class":115},[44,94583,2183],{"class":77},[44,94585,21311],{"class":4003},[44,94587,54200],{"class":141},[44,94589,123],{"class":115},[44,94591,2257],{"class":77},[44,94593,567],{"class":115},[44,94595,94596,94598,94600,94602,94604,94606,94608,94610],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,94597,142],{"class":141},[44,94599,123],{"class":115},[44,94601,11302],{"class":141},[44,94603,123],{"class":115},[44,94605,60130],{"class":141},[44,94607,123],{"class":115},[44,94609,2257],{"class":77},[44,94611,3034],{"class":115},[20,94613,155],{},[35,94615,94617],{"className":37,"code":94616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94618,94619,94633,94657,94671,94685,94689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94620,94621,94623,94625,94627,94629,94631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94622,60130],{"class":141},[44,94624,123],{"class":115},[44,94626,2240],{"class":77},[44,94628,129],{"class":115},[44,94630,4735],{"class":77},[44,94632,135],{"class":115},[44,94634,94635,94637,94639,94641,94643,94645,94647,94649,94651,94653,94655],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94636,4027],{"class":115},[44,94638,2240],{"class":77},[44,94640,129],{"class":115},[44,94642,5632],{"class":77},[44,94644,129],{"class":115},[44,94646,3116],{"class":77},[44,94648,129],{"class":115},[44,94650,2573],{"class":77},[44,94652,129],{"class":115},[44,94654,2579],{"class":77},[44,94656,3757],{"class":115},[44,94658,94659,94661,94663,94665,94667,94669],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,94660,1326],{"class":54},[44,94662,1329],{"class":1075},[44,94664,1332],{"class":58},[44,94666,60130],{"class":62},[44,94668,1338],{"class":58},[44,94670,1341],{"class":54},[44,94672,94673,94675,94677,94679,94681,94683],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,94674,1326],{"class":54},[44,94676,1329],{"class":1075},[44,94678,1332],{"class":58},[44,94680,8231],{"class":62},[44,94682,1338],{"class":58},[44,94684,1341],{"class":54},[44,94686,94687],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,94688,4107],{"class":3978},[44,94690,94691],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,94692,3069],{"class":77},[30,94694,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,94696,2006,94698,94700],{"id":94697},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94699,36335],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94702,46498,94703,94705],{},[15,94704,36335],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1474,94707,94709,94710,11232,94712,1995],{"id":94708},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94711,36335],{},[15,94713,93198],{},[20,94715,94716,94718,94719,94721],{},[15,94717,36335],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94720,93198],{}," creates a full list.",[1474,94723,94725],{"id":94724},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94727,94728],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94730,238],{},[35,94732,94734],{"className":37,"code":94733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94735,94736,94750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94737,94738,94740,94742,94744,94746,94748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94739,93337],{"class":50},[44,94741,55],{"class":54},[44,94743,54200],{"class":141},[44,94745,123],{"class":115},[44,94747,2257],{"class":77},[44,94749,135],{"class":115},[44,94751,94752,94754,94756,94758,94760,94762],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94753,142],{"class":141},[44,94755,123],{"class":115},[44,94757,60637],{"class":119},[44,94759,4027],{"class":115},[44,94761,3111],{"class":77},[44,94763,4015],{"class":115},[20,94765,155],{},[35,94767,94768],{"className":37,"code":47048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94769,94770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94771,94772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94773,47048],{"class":77},[1474,94775,5290,94777,94779],{"id":94776},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94778,94477],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94781,94782,94783,94786],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94784,94785],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1474,94788,94790,94791,94793],{"id":94789},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94792,36335],{}," to a list?",[20,94795,94796],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[30,94798,2019],{"id":2018},[218,94800,94801,94807,94813,94820,94826],{},[221,94802,94803],{},[200,94804,1013,94805,1017],{"href":93182},[15,94806,36335],{},[221,94808,94809],{},[200,94810,1013,94811,1017],{"href":64980},[15,94812,24916],{},[221,94814,94815],{},[200,94816,1013,94817,94819],{"href":93635},[15,94818,6093],{}," loops explained",[221,94821,94822],{},[200,94823,37655,94824,36746],{"href":94001},[15,94825,35885],{},[221,94827,94828],{},[200,94829,26257,94830],{"href":35555},[15,94831,34392],{},[2048,94833,94834],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":94836},[94837,94838,94839,94841,94843,94845,94847,94848,94849,94850,94861],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":93301,"depth":69,"text":93302},{"id":93533,"depth":69,"text":94840},"What range() gives you",{"id":93746,"depth":69,"text":94842},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93871,"depth":69,"text":94844},"When to use range()",{"id":94006,"depth":69,"text":94846},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15733,"depth":69,"text":15734},{"id":94325,"depth":69,"text":94326},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":94851},[94852,94854,94856,94857,94859],{"id":94697,"depth":81,"text":94853},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94708,"depth":81,"text":94855},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94724,"depth":81,"text":94725},{"id":94776,"depth":81,"text":94858},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94789,"depth":81,"text":94860},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93188,"description":94862},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94869,"title":94870,"body":94871,"description":96307,"extension":2084,"meta":96308,"navigation":84,"path":96309,"seo":96310,"stem":96311,"__hash__":96312},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94872,"toc":96273},[94873,94879,94884,94887,94901,94904,94906,94945,94947,94960,94968,94973,94989,94992,94994,94996,95017,95034,95037,95096,95098,95117,95122,95128,95131,95165,95167,95180,95183,95228,95230,95253,95260,95266,95269,95310,95312,95326,95329,95387,95389,95404,95417,95423,95429,95494,95496,95515,95517,95535,95538,95542,95548,95550,95583,95585,95598,95608,95611,95672,95674,95695,95698,95700,95716,95721,95725,95730,95735,95791,95793,95811,95814,95859,95861,95869,95874,95878,95892,95894,95926,95928,95937,95939,95943,95952,95955,95987,95989,96001,96004,96008,96013,96054,96056,96064,96067,96090,96094,96096,96105,96108,96161,96163,96172,96176,96181,96192,96194,96203,96206,96212,96215,96221,96231,96239,96246,96248,96270],[10,94874,1013,94876,3699],{"id":94875},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94877,94878],{},"round()",[20,94880,9263,94881,94883],{},[15,94882,94878],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94885,94886],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[218,94888,94889,94895],{},[221,94890,94891,94894],{},[15,94892,94893],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[221,94896,94897,94900],{},[15,94898,94899],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94902,94903],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[30,94905,33],{"id":32},[35,94907,94909],{"className":37,"code":94908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94910,94911,94927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94912,94913,94915,94917,94920,94922,94925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94914,142],{"class":141},[44,94916,123],{"class":115},[44,94918,94919],{"class":141},"round",[44,94921,123],{"class":115},[44,94923,94924],{"class":77},"3.14159",[44,94926,567],{"class":115},[44,94928,94929,94931,94933,94935,94937,94939,94941,94943],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94930,142],{"class":141},[44,94932,123],{"class":115},[44,94934,94919],{"class":141},[44,94936,123],{"class":115},[44,94938,94924],{"class":77},[44,94940,129],{"class":115},[44,94942,3116],{"class":77},[44,94944,567],{"class":115},[20,94946,155],{},[35,94948,94950],{"className":37,"code":94949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94951,94952,94956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94953,94954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94955,46748],{"class":77},[44,94957,94958],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,94959,40315],{"class":77},[20,94961,189,94962,94964,94965,94967],{},[15,94963,94893],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94966,94899],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[30,94969,3802,94971,3805],{"id":94970},"what-round-does",[15,94972,94878],{},[218,94974,94975,94980,94983,94986],{},[221,94976,94977,94979],{},[15,94978,94878],{}," is a built-in Python function",[221,94981,94982],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[221,94984,94985],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[221,94987,94988],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94990,94991],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[30,94993,351],{"id":350},[20,94995,2280],{},[35,94997,94999],{"className":37,"code":94998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,95000,95001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95002,95003,95005,95007,95009,95012,95015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95004,94919],{"class":141},[44,95006,123],{"class":115},[44,95008,2361],{"class":119},[44,95010,95011],{"class":115},"[,",[44,95013,95014],{"class":119}," ndigits",[44,95016,4015],{"class":115},[218,95018,95019,95024,95029],{},[221,95020,95021,95023],{},[15,95022,2361],{}," is the value to round",[221,95025,95026,20176],{},[15,95027,95028],{},"ndigits",[221,95030,95031,95033],{},[15,95032,95028],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,95035,95036],{},"Basic examples:",[35,95038,95040],{"className":37,"code":95039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,95041,95042,95057,95075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95043,95044,95046,95048,95050,95052,95055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95045,142],{"class":141},[44,95047,123],{"class":115},[44,95049,94919],{"class":141},[44,95051,123],{"class":115},[44,95053,95054],{"class":77},"7.8",[44,95056,567],{"class":115},[44,95058,95059,95061,95063,95065,95067,95069,95071,95073],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95060,142],{"class":141},[44,95062,123],{"class":115},[44,95064,94919],{"class":141},[44,95066,123],{"class":115},[44,95068,95054],{"class":77},[44,95070,129],{"class":115},[44,95072,5632],{"class":77},[44,95074,567],{"class":115},[44,95076,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085,95088,95090,95092,95094],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95078,142],{"class":141},[44,95080,123],{"class":115},[44,95082,94919],{"class":141},[44,95084,123],{"class":115},[44,95086,95087],{"class":77},"1234",[44,95089,129],{"class":115},[44,95091,2343],{"class":54},[44,95093,2177],{"class":77},[44,95095,567],{"class":115},[20,95097,155],{},[35,95099,95101],{"className":37,"code":95100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95102,95103,95107,95112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95104,95105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95106,2502],{"class":77},[44,95108,95109],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95110,95111],{"class":77},"7.8\n",[44,95113,95114],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95115,95116],{"class":77},"1200\n",[20,95118,95119,95120,116],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[200,95121,2541],{"href":2540},[30,95123,8556,95125,95127],{"id":95124},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95126,94878],{}," with one argument",[20,95129,95130],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,95132,95134],{"className":37,"code":95133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95135,95136,95150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95137,95138,95140,95142,95144,95146,95148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95139,142],{"class":141},[44,95141,123],{"class":115},[44,95143,94919],{"class":141},[44,95145,123],{"class":115},[44,95147,2483],{"class":77},[44,95149,567],{"class":115},[44,95151,95152,95154,95156,95158,95160,95163],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95153,142],{"class":141},[44,95155,123],{"class":115},[44,95157,94919],{"class":141},[44,95159,123],{"class":115},[44,95161,95162],{"class":77},"4.8",[44,95164,567],{"class":115},[20,95166,155],{},[35,95168,95170],{"className":37,"code":95169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,95171,95172,95176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95173,95174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95175,48781],{"class":77},[44,95177,95178],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95179,3069],{"class":77},[20,95181,95182],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,95184,95186],{"className":37,"code":95185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95187,95188,95204,95214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95189,95190,95192,95194,95197,95199,95202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95191,2351],{"class":50},[44,95193,55],{"class":54},[44,95195,95196],{"class":141}," round",[44,95198,123],{"class":115},[44,95200,95201],{"class":77},"10.2",[44,95203,135],{"class":115},[44,95205,95206,95208,95210,95212],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95207,142],{"class":141},[44,95209,123],{"class":115},[44,95211,2386],{"class":119},[44,95213,135],{"class":115},[44,95215,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95217,142],{"class":141},[44,95219,123],{"class":115},[44,95221,1297],{"class":1296},[44,95223,123],{"class":115},[44,95225,2386],{"class":119},[44,95227,567],{"class":115},[20,95229,155],{},[35,95231,95233],{"className":37,"code":95232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95234,95235,95239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95236,95237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95238,2497],{"class":77},[44,95240,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95242,1326],{"class":54},[44,95244,1329],{"class":1075},[44,95246,1332],{"class":58},[44,95248,2309],{"class":62},[44,95250,1338],{"class":58},[44,95252,1341],{"class":54},[20,95254,95255,95256,116],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[200,95257,1013,95258,1017],{"href":2996},[15,95259,2999],{},[30,95261,8556,95263,95265],{"id":95262},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95264,94878],{}," with decimal places",[20,95267,95268],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,95270,95272],{"className":37,"code":95271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95273,95274,95292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95275,95276,95278,95280,95282,95284,95286,95288,95290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95277,142],{"class":141},[44,95279,123],{"class":115},[44,95281,94919],{"class":141},[44,95283,123],{"class":115},[44,95285,94924],{"class":77},[44,95287,129],{"class":115},[44,95289,3116],{"class":77},[44,95291,567],{"class":115},[44,95293,95294,95296,95298,95300,95302,95304,95306,95308],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95295,142],{"class":141},[44,95297,123],{"class":115},[44,95299,94919],{"class":141},[44,95301,123],{"class":115},[44,95303,94924],{"class":77},[44,95305,129],{"class":115},[44,95307,2573],{"class":77},[44,95309,567],{"class":115},[20,95311,155],{},[35,95313,95315],{"className":37,"code":95314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95316,95317,95321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95318,95319],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95320,40315],{"class":77},[44,95322,95323],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95324,95325],{"class":77},"3.142\n",[20,95327,95328],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,95330,95332],{"className":37,"code":95331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95333,95334,95343,95362,95366,95376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95335,95336,95338,95340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95337,1053],{"class":50},[44,95339,55],{"class":54},[44,95341,95342],{"class":77}," 19.9876\n",[44,95344,95345,95348,95350,95352,95354,95356,95358,95360],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95346,95347],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,95349,55],{"class":54},[44,95351,95196],{"class":141},[44,95353,123],{"class":115},[44,95355,1089],{"class":119},[44,95357,129],{"class":115},[44,95359,3116],{"class":77},[44,95361,135],{"class":115},[44,95363,95364],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95365,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,95367,95368,95370,95372,95374],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,95369,142],{"class":141},[44,95371,123],{"class":115},[44,95373,1089],{"class":119},[44,95375,135],{"class":115},[44,95377,95378,95380,95382,95385],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,95379,142],{"class":141},[44,95381,123],{"class":115},[44,95383,95384],{"class":119},"rounded_price",[44,95386,135],{"class":115},[20,95388,155],{},[35,95390,95392],{"className":37,"code":95391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95393,95394,95399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95395,95396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95397,95398],{"class":77},"19.9876\n",[44,95400,95401],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95402,95403],{"class":77},"19.99\n",[20,95405,95406,95407,95410,95411,3000,95413,116],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95408,95409],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[200,95412,41029],{"href":41028},[200,95414,1013,95415,1017],{"href":3003},[15,95416,3006],{},[30,95418,95420,95421],{"id":95419},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95422,95028],{},[20,95424,95425,95426,95428],{},"A negative ",[15,95427,95028],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,95430,95432],{"className":37,"code":95431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95433,95434,95454,95474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95435,95436,95438,95440,95442,95444,95446,95448,95450,95452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95437,142],{"class":141},[44,95439,123],{"class":115},[44,95441,94919],{"class":141},[44,95443,123],{"class":115},[44,95445,95087],{"class":77},[44,95447,129],{"class":115},[44,95449,2343],{"class":54},[44,95451,3111],{"class":77},[44,95453,567],{"class":115},[44,95455,95456,95458,95460,95462,95464,95466,95468,95470,95472],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95457,142],{"class":141},[44,95459,123],{"class":115},[44,95461,94919],{"class":141},[44,95463,123],{"class":115},[44,95465,95087],{"class":77},[44,95467,129],{"class":115},[44,95469,2343],{"class":54},[44,95471,2177],{"class":77},[44,95473,567],{"class":115},[44,95475,95476,95478,95480,95482,95484,95486,95488,95490,95492],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95477,142],{"class":141},[44,95479,123],{"class":115},[44,95481,94919],{"class":141},[44,95483,123],{"class":115},[44,95485,95087],{"class":77},[44,95487,129],{"class":115},[44,95489,2343],{"class":54},[44,95491,2183],{"class":77},[44,95493,567],{"class":115},[20,95495,155],{},[35,95497,95499],{"className":37,"code":95498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95500,95501,95506,95510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95502,95503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95504,95505],{"class":77},"1230\n",[44,95507,95508],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95509,95116],{"class":77},[44,95511,95512],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95513,95514],{"class":77},"1000\n",[20,95516,65717],{},[218,95518,95519,95524,95530],{},[221,95520,95521,95523],{},[15,95522,65987],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[221,95525,95526,95529],{},[15,95527,95528],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[221,95531,95532,95534],{},[15,95533,47802],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95536,95537],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[30,95539,95541],{"id":95540},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95543,95544,95545,116],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95546,95547],{},".5",[20,95549,5606],{},[35,95551,95553],{"className":37,"code":95552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95554,95555,95569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95556,95557,95559,95561,95563,95565,95567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95558,142],{"class":141},[44,95560,123],{"class":115},[44,95562,94919],{"class":141},[44,95564,123],{"class":115},[44,95566,41296],{"class":77},[44,95568,567],{"class":115},[44,95570,95571,95573,95575,95577,95579,95581],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95572,142],{"class":141},[44,95574,123],{"class":115},[44,95576,94919],{"class":141},[44,95578,123],{"class":115},[44,95580,2160],{"class":77},[44,95582,567],{"class":115},[20,95584,155],{},[35,95586,95588],{"className":37,"code":95587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,95589,95590,95594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95591,95592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95593,17194],{"class":77},[44,95595,95596],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95597,48781],{"class":77},[20,95599,95600,95601,95604,95605,95607],{},"Python uses ",[153,95602,95603],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95606,95547],{}," situations.",[20,95609,95610],{},"More examples:",[35,95612,95614],{"className":37,"code":95613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95615,95616,95630,95644,95658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95617,95618,95620,95622,95624,95626,95628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95619,142],{"class":141},[44,95621,123],{"class":115},[44,95623,94919],{"class":141},[44,95625,123],{"class":115},[44,95627,41309],{"class":77},[44,95629,567],{"class":115},[44,95631,95632,95634,95636,95638,95640,95642],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95633,142],{"class":141},[44,95635,123],{"class":115},[44,95637,94919],{"class":141},[44,95639,123],{"class":115},[44,95641,41296],{"class":77},[44,95643,567],{"class":115},[44,95645,95646,95648,95650,95652,95654,95656],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95647,142],{"class":141},[44,95649,123],{"class":115},[44,95651,94919],{"class":141},[44,95653,123],{"class":115},[44,95655,2160],{"class":77},[44,95657,567],{"class":115},[44,95659,95660,95662,95664,95666,95668,95670],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,95661,142],{"class":141},[44,95663,123],{"class":115},[44,95665,94919],{"class":141},[44,95667,123],{"class":115},[44,95669,41261],{"class":77},[44,95671,567],{"class":115},[20,95673,155],{},[35,95675,95677],{"className":37,"code":95676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95678,95679,95683,95687,95691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95680,95681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95682,17194],{"class":77},[44,95684,95685],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95686,17194],{"class":77},[44,95688,95689],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95690,48781],{"class":77},[44,95692,95693],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,95694,48781],{"class":77},[20,95696,95697],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95699,10852],{},[218,95701,95702,95709],{},[221,95703,95704,2254,95707],{},[15,95705,95706],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95708,2177],{},[221,95710,95711,2254,95714],{},[15,95712,95713],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95715,2626],{},[20,95717,3294,95718,95720],{},[15,95719,95547],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[30,95722,95724],{"id":95723},"return-values","Return values",[20,95726,95727,95729],{},[15,95728,94878],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95731,41043,95732,95734],{},[153,95733,4761],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,95736,95738],{"className":37,"code":95737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95739,95740,95749,95753,95763,95781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95741,95742,95744,95746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95743,2568],{"class":50},[44,95745,55],{"class":54},[44,95747,95748],{"class":77}," 3.14159\n",[44,95750,95751],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95752,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,95754,95755,95757,95759,95761],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95756,142],{"class":141},[44,95758,123],{"class":115},[44,95760,379],{"class":119},[44,95762,135],{"class":115},[44,95764,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773,95775,95777,95779],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,95766,142],{"class":141},[44,95768,123],{"class":115},[44,95770,94919],{"class":141},[44,95772,123],{"class":115},[44,95774,379],{"class":119},[44,95776,129],{"class":115},[44,95778,3116],{"class":77},[44,95780,567],{"class":115},[44,95782,95783,95785,95787,95789],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,95784,142],{"class":141},[44,95786,123],{"class":115},[44,95788,379],{"class":119},[44,95790,135],{"class":115},[20,95792,155],{},[35,95794,95796],{"className":37,"code":95795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95797,95798,95803,95807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95799,95800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95801,95802],{"class":77},"3.14159\n",[44,95804,95805],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95806,40315],{"class":77},[44,95808,95809],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95810,95802],{"class":77},[20,95812,95813],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,95815,95817],{"className":37,"code":95816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95818,95819,95827,95845,95849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95820,95821,95823,95825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95822,2568],{"class":50},[44,95824,55],{"class":54},[44,95826,95748],{"class":77},[44,95828,95829,95831,95833,95835,95837,95839,95841,95843],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95830,2568],{"class":50},[44,95832,55],{"class":54},[44,95834,95196],{"class":141},[44,95836,123],{"class":115},[44,95838,379],{"class":119},[44,95840,129],{"class":115},[44,95842,3116],{"class":77},[44,95844,135],{"class":115},[44,95846,95847],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,95848,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,95850,95851,95853,95855,95857],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,95852,142],{"class":141},[44,95854,123],{"class":115},[44,95856,379],{"class":119},[44,95858,135],{"class":115},[20,95860,155],{},[35,95862,95863],{"className":37,"code":40315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95864,95865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95866,95867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95868,40315],{"class":77},[30,95870,5092,95872],{"id":95871},"when-to-use-round",[15,95873,94878],{},[20,95875,189,95876,6454],{},[15,95877,94878],{},[218,95879,95880,95883,95886,95889],{},[221,95881,95882],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[221,95884,95885],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[221,95887,95888],{},"Round values before reporting results",[221,95890,95891],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95893,5606],{},[35,95895,95897],{"className":37,"code":95896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95898,95899,95908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95900,95901,95903,95905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95902,2718],{"class":50},[44,95904,55],{"class":54},[44,95906,95907],{"class":77}," 12.67891\n",[44,95909,95910,95912,95914,95916,95918,95920,95922,95924],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95911,142],{"class":141},[44,95913,123],{"class":115},[44,95915,94919],{"class":141},[44,95917,123],{"class":115},[44,95919,2741],{"class":119},[44,95921,129],{"class":115},[44,95923,3116],{"class":77},[44,95925,567],{"class":115},[20,95927,155],{},[35,95929,95931],{"className":37,"code":95930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,95932,95933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95934,95935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95936,95930],{"class":77},[30,95938,1467],{"id":1466},[20,95940,23230,95941,116],{},[15,95942,94878],{},[1474,95944,1707,95946,95948,95949,95951],{"id":95945},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95947,94878],{}," to always round ",[15,95950,95547],{}," upward",[20,95953,95954],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,95956,95957],{"className":37,"code":95552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95958,95959,95973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95960,95961,95963,95965,95967,95969,95971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95962,142],{"class":141},[44,95964,123],{"class":115},[44,95966,94919],{"class":141},[44,95968,123],{"class":115},[44,95970,41296],{"class":77},[44,95972,567],{"class":115},[44,95974,95975,95977,95979,95981,95983,95985],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,95976,142],{"class":141},[44,95978,123],{"class":115},[44,95980,94919],{"class":141},[44,95982,123],{"class":115},[44,95984,2160],{"class":77},[44,95986,567],{"class":115},[20,95988,155],{},[35,95990,95991],{"className":37,"code":95587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95992,95993,95997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95994,95995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95996,17194],{"class":77},[44,95998,95999],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96000,48781],{"class":77},[20,96002,96003],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1474,96005,96007],{"id":96006},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,96009,96010,96012],{},[15,96011,94878],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,96014,96016],{"className":37,"code":96015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,96017,96018,96026,96040,96044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96019,96020,96022,96024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96021,2568],{"class":50},[44,96023,55],{"class":54},[44,96025,95748],{"class":77},[44,96027,96028,96030,96032,96034,96036,96038],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96029,94919],{"class":141},[44,96031,123],{"class":115},[44,96033,379],{"class":119},[44,96035,129],{"class":115},[44,96037,3116],{"class":77},[44,96039,135],{"class":115},[44,96041,96042],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,96043,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,96045,96046,96048,96050,96052],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,96047,142],{"class":141},[44,96049,123],{"class":115},[44,96051,379],{"class":119},[44,96053,135],{"class":115},[20,96055,155],{},[35,96057,96058],{"className":37,"code":95802,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96059,96060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96061,96062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96063,95802],{"class":77},[20,96065,96066],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,96068,96070],{"className":37,"code":96069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96071,96072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96073,96074,96076,96078,96080,96082,96084,96086,96088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96075,2568],{"class":50},[44,96077,55],{"class":54},[44,96079,95196],{"class":141},[44,96081,123],{"class":115},[44,96083,379],{"class":119},[44,96085,129],{"class":115},[44,96087,3116],{"class":77},[44,96089,135],{"class":115},[1474,96091,96093],{"id":96092},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96095,16538],{},[35,96097,96099],{"className":37,"code":96098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96100,96101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96102,96103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96104,96098],{"class":3787},[20,96106,96107],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,96109,96111],{"className":37,"code":96110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96112,96113,96125,96139,96143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96114,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96116,248],{"class":50},[44,96118,55],{"class":54},[44,96120,59],{"class":58},[44,96122,40281],{"class":62},[44,96124,66],{"class":58},[44,96126,96127,96129,96131,96133,96135,96137],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96128,2338],{"class":50},[44,96130,55],{"class":54},[44,96132,40393],{"class":1296},[44,96134,123],{"class":115},[44,96136,308],{"class":119},[44,96138,135],{"class":115},[44,96140,96141],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,96142,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,96144,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,96146,142],{"class":141},[44,96148,123],{"class":115},[44,96150,94919],{"class":141},[44,96152,123],{"class":115},[44,96154,2361],{"class":119},[44,96156,129],{"class":115},[44,96158,5632],{"class":77},[44,96160,567],{"class":115},[20,96162,155],{},[35,96164,96166],{"className":37,"code":96165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,96167,96168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96169,96170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96171,96165],{"class":77},[1474,96173,96175],{"id":96174},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96177,96178,96180],{},[15,96179,94878],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96182,96183,96184,3000,96188,116],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[200,96185,96186],{"href":3003},[15,96187,3006],{},[200,96189,96190],{"href":2996},[15,96191,2999],{},[30,96193,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,96195,12844,96197,96199,96200,96202],{"id":96196},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96198,94878],{}," always round ",[15,96201,40352],{}," up?",[20,96204,96205],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1474,96207,12844,96209,96211],{"id":96208},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96210,94878],{}," change the original number?",[20,96213,96214],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1474,96216,5302,96218,96220],{"id":96217},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96219,94878],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96222,96223,96224,96226,96227,3000,96229,116],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96225,95028],{}," value like ",[15,96228,65987],{},[15,96230,95528],{},[1474,96232,28464,96234,96236,96237,1995],{"id":96233},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96235,94878],{}," on a string like ",[15,96238,48225],{},[20,96240,96241,96242,3000,96244,116],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96243,3006],{},[15,96245,2999],{},[30,96247,2019],{"id":2018},[218,96249,96250,96256,96262,96266],{},[221,96251,96252],{},[200,96253,1013,96254,1017],{"href":3003},[15,96255,3006],{},[221,96257,96258],{},[200,96259,1013,96260,1017],{"href":2996},[15,96261,2999],{},[221,96263,96264],{},[200,96265,2541],{"href":2540},[221,96267,96268],{},[200,96269,42318],{"href":41028},[2048,96271,96272],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":96274},[96275,96276,96278,96279,96281,96283,96285,96286,96287,96289,96296,96306],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":94970,"depth":69,"text":96277},"What round() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":95124,"depth":69,"text":96280},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95262,"depth":69,"text":96282},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95419,"depth":69,"text":96284},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95540,"depth":69,"text":95541},{"id":95723,"depth":69,"text":95724},{"id":95871,"depth":69,"text":96288},"When to use round()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":96290},[96291,96293,96294,96295],{"id":95945,"depth":81,"text":96292},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":96006,"depth":81,"text":96007},{"id":96092,"depth":81,"text":96093},{"id":96174,"depth":81,"text":96175},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":96297},[96298,96300,96302,96304],{"id":96196,"depth":81,"text":96299},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96208,"depth":81,"text":96301},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96217,"depth":81,"text":96303},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96233,"depth":81,"text":96305},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94870,"description":96307},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96314,"title":96315,"body":96316,"description":97501,"extension":2084,"meta":97502,"navigation":84,"path":97503,"seo":97504,"stem":97505,"__hash__":97506},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96317,"toc":97475},[96318,96325,96331,96334,96336,96385,96389,96414,96419,96424,96429,96443,96454,96456,96475,96477,96493,96496,96507,96509,96511,96572,96576,96609,96616,96623,96626,96659,96662,96666,96669,96722,96726,96747,96753,96760,96767,96828,96836,96913,96917,96929,96938,96940,96946,96952,96956,97009,97012,97070,97074,97082,97085,97089,97092,97102,97104,97201,97204,97215,97218,97261,97265,97289,97292,97298,97300,97304,97329,97331,97398,97407,97409,97415,97420,97424,97427,97431,97438,97442,97447,97449,97466,97472],[10,96319,96321,96322,18],{"id":96320},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96323,96324],{},"add()",[20,96326,96327,96330],{},[15,96328,96329],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96332,96333],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,96335,33],{"id":32},[35,96337,96339],{"className":37,"code":96338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96340,96341,96361,96375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96342,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96344,3739],{"class":50},[44,96346,55],{"class":54},[44,96348,10629],{"class":115},[44,96350,3111],{"class":77},[44,96352,129],{"class":115},[44,96354,3116],{"class":77},[44,96356,129],{"class":115},[44,96358,2573],{"class":77},[44,96360,9447],{"class":115},[44,96362,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96364,3771],{"class":50},[44,96366,116],{"class":115},[44,96368,82236],{"class":119},[44,96370,123],{"class":115},[44,96372,2626],{"class":77},[44,96374,135],{"class":115},[44,96376,96377,96379,96381,96383],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,96378,142],{"class":141},[44,96380,123],{"class":115},[44,96382,3771],{"class":119},[44,96384,135],{"class":115},[20,96386,96387],{},[153,96388,155],{},[35,96390,96392],{"className":37,"code":96391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96393,96394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96395,96396,96398,96400,96402,96404,96406,96408,96410,96412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96397,1072],{"class":115},[44,96399,3111],{"class":77},[44,96401,129],{"class":115},[44,96403,3116],{"class":77},[44,96405,129],{"class":115},[44,96407,2573],{"class":77},[44,96409,129],{"class":115},[44,96411,2579],{"class":77},[44,96413,9447],{"class":115},[20,96415,189,96416,96418],{},[15,96417,96324],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,96420,3802,96422,3805],{"id":96421},"what-setadd-does",[15,96423,96329],{},[20,96425,96426,96428],{},[15,96427,96329],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[218,96430,96431,96434,96437,96440],{},[221,96432,96433],{},"Adds one item to a set",[221,96435,96436],{},"Changes the original set in place",[221,96438,96439],{},"Does not return a new set",[221,96441,96442],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96444,96445,96446,3000,96450,116],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[200,96447,96449],{"href":96448},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[200,96451,96453],{"href":96452},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[30,96455,351],{"id":350},[35,96457,96459],{"className":37,"code":96458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96460,96461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96462,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471,96473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96464,15804],{"class":50},[44,96466,116],{"class":115},[44,96468,82236],{"class":119},[44,96470,123],{"class":115},[44,96472,23446],{"class":119},[44,96474,135],{"class":115},[20,96476,11598],{},[218,96478,96479,96484,96487],{},[221,96480,56039,96481,96483],{},[15,96482,96324],{}," on an existing set",[221,96485,96486],{},"Pass exactly one item",[221,96488,96489,96490],{},"The item must be ",[153,96491,96492],{},"hashable",[20,96494,96495],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[218,96497,96498,96500,96502,96505],{},[221,96499,56592],{},[221,96501,56595],{},[221,96503,96504],{},"Tuples",[221,96506,40732],{},[30,96508,11615],{"id":11614},[20,96510,11618],{},[35,96512,96514],{"className":37,"code":96513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96515,96516,96540,96558,96562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96517,96518,96520,96522,96524,96526,96528,96530,96532,96534,96536,96538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96519,13213],{"class":50},[44,96521,55],{"class":54},[44,96523,10629],{"class":115},[44,96525,112],{"class":58},[44,96527,13230],{"class":62},[44,96529,112],{"class":58},[44,96531,129],{"class":115},[44,96533,59],{"class":58},[44,96535,13247],{"class":62},[44,96537,112],{"class":58},[44,96539,9447],{"class":115},[44,96541,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550,96552,96554,96556],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96543,17639],{"class":50},[44,96545,116],{"class":115},[44,96547,82236],{"class":119},[44,96549,123],{"class":115},[44,96551,112],{"class":58},[44,96553,17592],{"class":62},[44,96555,112],{"class":58},[44,96557,135],{"class":115},[44,96559,96560],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,96561,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,96563,96564,96566,96568,96570],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,96565,142],{"class":141},[44,96567,123],{"class":115},[44,96569,17639],{"class":119},[44,96571,135],{"class":115},[20,96573,96574],{},[153,96575,30166],{},[35,96577,96579],{"className":37,"code":96578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96580,96581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96582,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96584,1072],{"class":115},[44,96586,1338],{"class":58},[44,96588,13230],{"class":62},[44,96590,1338],{"class":58},[44,96592,129],{"class":115},[44,96594,1332],{"class":58},[44,96596,17592],{"class":62},[44,96598,1338],{"class":58},[44,96600,129],{"class":115},[44,96602,1332],{"class":58},[44,96604,13247],{"class":62},[44,96606,1338],{"class":58},[44,96608,9447],{"class":115},[20,96610,96611,96612,96615],{},"The new value ",[15,96613,96614],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96617,96618,96619,96622],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[153,96620,96621],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96624,96625],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,96627,96629],{"className":37,"code":96628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96630,96631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96632,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647,96649,96651,96653,96655,96657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96634,1072],{"class":115},[44,96636,1338],{"class":58},[44,96638,13247],{"class":62},[44,96640,1338],{"class":58},[44,96642,129],{"class":115},[44,96644,1332],{"class":58},[44,96646,13230],{"class":62},[44,96648,1338],{"class":58},[44,96650,129],{"class":115},[44,96652,1332],{"class":58},[44,96654,17592],{"class":62},[44,96656,1338],{"class":58},[44,96658,9447],{"class":115},[20,96660,96661],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[30,96663,96665],{"id":96664},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96667,96668],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,96670,96672],{"className":37,"code":96671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96673,96674,96694,96708,96712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96675,96676,96678,96680,96682,96684,96686,96688,96690,96692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96677,3739],{"class":50},[44,96679,55],{"class":54},[44,96681,10629],{"class":115},[44,96683,3111],{"class":77},[44,96685,129],{"class":115},[44,96687,3116],{"class":77},[44,96689,129],{"class":115},[44,96691,2573],{"class":77},[44,96693,9447],{"class":115},[44,96695,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96697,3771],{"class":50},[44,96699,116],{"class":115},[44,96701,82236],{"class":119},[44,96703,123],{"class":115},[44,96705,2177],{"class":77},[44,96707,135],{"class":115},[44,96709,96710],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,96711,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,96713,96714,96716,96718,96720],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,96715,142],{"class":141},[44,96717,123],{"class":115},[44,96719,3771],{"class":119},[44,96721,135],{"class":115},[20,96723,96724],{},[153,96725,155],{},[35,96727,96729],{"className":37,"code":96728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96730,96731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96732,96733,96735,96737,96739,96741,96743,96745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96734,1072],{"class":115},[44,96736,3111],{"class":77},[44,96738,129],{"class":115},[44,96740,3116],{"class":77},[44,96742,129],{"class":115},[44,96744,2573],{"class":77},[44,96746,9447],{"class":115},[20,96748,96749,96750,96752],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96751,2177],{}," was already present.",[30,96754,96756,10724,96758],{"id":96755},"add-vs-update",[15,96757,96324],{},[15,96759,15091],{},[20,96761,189,96762,96764,96765,116],{},[15,96763,96324],{}," when you want to add ",[153,96766,52786],{},[35,96768,96770],{"className":37,"code":96769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96771,96772,96796,96814,96818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96773,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786,96788,96790,96792,96794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96775,36227],{"class":50},[44,96777,55],{"class":54},[44,96779,10629],{"class":115},[44,96781,112],{"class":58},[44,96783,200],{"class":62},[44,96785,112],{"class":58},[44,96787,129],{"class":115},[44,96789,59],{"class":58},[44,96791,4891],{"class":62},[44,96793,112],{"class":58},[44,96795,9447],{"class":115},[44,96797,96798,96800,96802,96804,96806,96808,96810,96812],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96799,36280],{"class":50},[44,96801,116],{"class":115},[44,96803,82236],{"class":119},[44,96805,123],{"class":115},[44,96807,112],{"class":58},[44,96809,9878],{"class":62},[44,96811,112],{"class":58},[44,96813,135],{"class":115},[44,96815,96816],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,96817,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,96819,96820,96822,96824,96826],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,96821,142],{"class":141},[44,96823,123],{"class":115},[44,96825,36280],{"class":119},[44,96827,135],{"class":115},[20,96829,189,96830,96764,96832,96835],{},[15,96831,15091],{},[153,96833,96834],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,96837,96839],{"className":37,"code":96838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96840,96841,96865,96899,96903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96842,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853,96855,96857,96859,96861,96863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96844,36227],{"class":50},[44,96846,55],{"class":54},[44,96848,10629],{"class":115},[44,96850,112],{"class":58},[44,96852,200],{"class":62},[44,96854,112],{"class":58},[44,96856,129],{"class":115},[44,96858,59],{"class":58},[44,96860,4891],{"class":62},[44,96862,112],{"class":58},[44,96864,9447],{"class":115},[44,96866,96867,96869,96871,96873,96875,96877,96879,96881,96883,96885,96887,96889,96891,96893,96895,96897],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96868,36280],{"class":50},[44,96870,116],{"class":115},[44,96872,30601],{"class":119},[44,96874,3108],{"class":115},[44,96876,112],{"class":58},[44,96878,9878],{"class":62},[44,96880,112],{"class":58},[44,96882,129],{"class":115},[44,96884,59],{"class":58},[44,96886,18905],{"class":62},[44,96888,112],{"class":58},[44,96890,129],{"class":115},[44,96892,59],{"class":58},[44,96894,60579],{"class":62},[44,96896,112],{"class":58},[44,96898,4015],{"class":115},[44,96900,96901],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,96902,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,96904,96905,96907,96909,96911],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,96906,142],{"class":141},[44,96908,123],{"class":115},[44,96910,36280],{"class":119},[44,96912,135],{"class":115},[1474,96914,96916],{"id":96915},"key-difference","Key difference",[218,96918,96919,96924],{},[221,96920,96921,96923],{},[15,96922,96324],{}," adds one item",[221,96925,96926,96928],{},[15,96927,15091],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96930,96931,96932,116],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[200,96933,96935,96936,10880],{"href":96934},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96937,15091],{},[30,96939,1219],{"id":1218},[20,96941,96942,2518,96944,116],{},[15,96943,96329],{},[15,96945,3904],{},[20,96947,96948,96949,96951],{},"That means you should ",[153,96950,4761],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1474,96953,96955],{"id":96954},"correct","Correct",[35,96957,96959],{"className":37,"code":96958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96960,96961,96981,96995,96999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96962,96963,96965,96967,96969,96971,96973,96975,96977,96979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96964,15766],{"class":50},[44,96966,55],{"class":54},[44,96968,10629],{"class":115},[44,96970,3111],{"class":77},[44,96972,129],{"class":115},[44,96974,3116],{"class":77},[44,96976,129],{"class":115},[44,96978,2573],{"class":77},[44,96980,9447],{"class":115},[44,96982,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991,96993],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,96984,15804],{"class":50},[44,96986,116],{"class":115},[44,96988,82236],{"class":119},[44,96990,123],{"class":115},[44,96992,2626],{"class":77},[44,96994,135],{"class":115},[44,96996,96997],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,96998,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97000,97001,97003,97005,97007],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,97002,142],{"class":141},[44,97004,123],{"class":115},[44,97006,15804],{"class":119},[44,97008,135],{"class":115},[1474,97010,97011],{"id":61901},"Wrong",[35,97013,97015],{"className":37,"code":97014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97016,97017,97037,97056,97060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97018,97019,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029,97031,97033,97035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97020,15766],{"class":50},[44,97022,55],{"class":54},[44,97024,10629],{"class":115},[44,97026,3111],{"class":77},[44,97028,129],{"class":115},[44,97030,3116],{"class":77},[44,97032,129],{"class":115},[44,97034,2573],{"class":77},[44,97036,9447],{"class":115},[44,97038,97039,97041,97043,97046,97048,97050,97052,97054],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97040,15766],{"class":50},[44,97042,55],{"class":54},[44,97044,97045],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,97047,116],{"class":115},[44,97049,82236],{"class":119},[44,97051,123],{"class":115},[44,97053,2626],{"class":77},[44,97055,135],{"class":115},[44,97057,97058],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,97059,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97061,97062,97064,97066,97068],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,97063,142],{"class":141},[44,97065,123],{"class":115},[44,97067,15804],{"class":119},[44,97069,135],{"class":115},[20,97071,97072],{},[153,97073,155],{},[35,97075,97076],{"className":37,"code":11948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97077,97078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97079,97080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97081,11948],{"class":3978},[20,97083,97084],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[30,97086,97088],{"id":97087},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97090,97091],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[218,97093,97094,97096,97098,97100],{},[221,97095,56592],{},[221,97097,56595],{},[221,97099,96504],{},[221,97101,40732],{},[20,97103,238],{},[35,97105,97107],{"className":37,"code":97106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97108,97109,97119,97123,97137,97155,97173,97187,97191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97110,97111,97113,97115,97117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97112,7917],{"class":50},[44,97114,55],{"class":54},[44,97116,15771],{"class":1296},[44,97118,8782],{"class":115},[44,97120,97121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97122,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97124,97125,97127,97129,97131,97133,97135],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,97126,7948],{"class":50},[44,97128,116],{"class":115},[44,97130,82236],{"class":119},[44,97132,123],{"class":115},[44,97134,2451],{"class":77},[44,97136,135],{"class":115},[44,97138,97139,97141,97143,97145,97147,97149,97151,97153],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,97140,7948],{"class":50},[44,97142,116],{"class":115},[44,97144,82236],{"class":119},[44,97146,123],{"class":115},[44,97148,112],{"class":58},[44,97150,3971],{"class":62},[44,97152,112],{"class":58},[44,97154,135],{"class":115},[44,97156,97157,97159,97161,97163,97165,97167,97169,97171],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,97158,7948],{"class":50},[44,97160,116],{"class":115},[44,97162,82236],{"class":119},[44,97164,5645],{"class":115},[44,97166,3111],{"class":77},[44,97168,129],{"class":115},[44,97170,3116],{"class":77},[44,97172,567],{"class":115},[44,97174,97175,97177,97179,97181,97183,97185],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,97176,7948],{"class":50},[44,97178,116],{"class":115},[44,97180,82236],{"class":119},[44,97182,123],{"class":115},[44,97184,3724],{"class":3978},[44,97186,135],{"class":115},[44,97188,97189],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,97190,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97192,97193,97195,97197,97199],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,97194,142],{"class":141},[44,97196,123],{"class":115},[44,97198,7948],{"class":119},[44,97200,135],{"class":115},[20,97202,97203],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[218,97205,97206,97209,97212],{},[221,97207,97208],{},"Lists",[221,97210,97211],{},"Dictionaries",[221,97213,97214],{},"Sets",[20,97216,97217],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,97219,97221],{"className":37,"code":97220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97222,97223,97243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97224,97225,97227,97229,97231,97233,97235,97237,97239,97241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97226,7917],{"class":50},[44,97228,55],{"class":54},[44,97230,10629],{"class":115},[44,97232,3111],{"class":77},[44,97234,129],{"class":115},[44,97236,3116],{"class":77},[44,97238,129],{"class":115},[44,97240,2573],{"class":77},[44,97242,9447],{"class":115},[44,97244,97245,97247,97249,97251,97253,97255,97257,97259],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97246,7948],{"class":50},[44,97248,116],{"class":115},[44,97250,82236],{"class":119},[44,97252,3108],{"class":115},[44,97254,2626],{"class":77},[44,97256,129],{"class":115},[44,97258,4735],{"class":77},[44,97260,4015],{"class":115},[20,97262,97263],{},[153,97264,29817],{},[35,97266,97268],{"className":37,"code":97267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97269,97270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97271,97272,97274,97276,97279,97281,97283,97285,97287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97273,3129],{"class":1296},[44,97275,790],{"class":115},[44,97277,97278],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,97280,1297],{"class":1296},[44,97282,790],{"class":115},[44,97284,1332],{"class":58},[44,97286,8231],{"class":62},[44,97288,29836],{"class":58},[20,97290,97291],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97293,97294,97295,116],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97296,97297],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[30,97299,1467],{"id":1466},[20,97301,14871,97302,790],{},[15,97303,96329],{},[218,97305,97306,97311,97316,97319,97326],{},[221,97307,8556,97308,97310],{},[15,97309,96324],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[221,97312,1707,97313,97315],{},[15,97314,96324],{}," to return the updated set",[221,97317,97318],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[221,97320,37341,97321,97323,97324],{},[15,97322,96329],{}," with list ",[15,97325,52782],{},[221,97327,97328],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97330,71637],{},[35,97332,97334],{"className":37,"code":97333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97335,97336,97346,97360,97370,97384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97337,97338,97340,97342,97344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97339,142],{"class":141},[44,97341,123],{"class":115},[44,97343,15804],{"class":119},[44,97345,135],{"class":115},[44,97347,97348,97350,97352,97354,97356,97358],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97349,142],{"class":141},[44,97351,123],{"class":115},[44,97353,1297],{"class":1296},[44,97355,123],{"class":115},[44,97357,15804],{"class":119},[44,97359,567],{"class":115},[44,97361,97362,97364,97366,97368],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,97363,142],{"class":141},[44,97365,123],{"class":115},[44,97367,379],{"class":119},[44,97369,135],{"class":115},[44,97371,97372,97374,97376,97378,97380,97382],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,97373,142],{"class":141},[44,97375,123],{"class":115},[44,97377,1297],{"class":1296},[44,97379,123],{"class":115},[44,97381,379],{"class":119},[44,97383,567],{"class":115},[44,97385,97386,97388,97390,97392,97394,97396],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,97387,1934],{"class":141},[44,97389,123],{"class":115},[44,97391,6423],{"class":1296},[44,97393,116],{"class":115},[44,97395,82236],{"class":685},[44,97397,135],{"class":115},[20,97399,97400,97401,97403,97404,116],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97402,96329],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[200,97405,53179],{"href":97406},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[30,97408,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,97410,12844,97412,97414],{"id":97411},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97413,96329],{}," return a new set?",[20,97416,97417,97418,116],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97419,3904],{},[1474,97421,97423],{"id":97422},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97425,97426],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1474,97428,97430],{"id":97429},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97432,189,97433,11232,97436,116],{},[15,97434,97435],{},"set.update()",[15,97437,96324],{},[1474,97439,97441],{"id":97440},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97443,97444,97445,116],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97446,3129],{},[30,97448,2019],{"id":2018},[218,97450,97451,97455,97460],{},[221,97452,97453],{},[200,97454,96449],{"href":96448},[221,97456,97457],{},[200,97458,97459],{"href":96452},"How to create a set in Python",[221,97461,97462],{},[200,97463,96935,97464,10880],{"href":96934},[15,97465,15091],{},[20,97467,97468,97469,97471],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97470,96324],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2048,97473,97474],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":97476},[97477,97478,97480,97481,97482,97483,97487,97491,97492,97493,97500],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":96421,"depth":69,"text":97479},"What set.add() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":96664,"depth":69,"text":96665},{"id":96755,"depth":69,"text":97484,"children":97485},"add() vs update()",[97486],{"id":96915,"depth":81,"text":96916},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219,"children":97488},[97489,97490],{"id":96954,"depth":81,"text":96955},{"id":61901,"depth":81,"text":97011},{"id":97087,"depth":69,"text":97088},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":97494},[97495,97497,97498,97499],{"id":97411,"depth":81,"text":97496},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97422,"depth":81,"text":97423},{"id":97429,"depth":81,"text":97430},{"id":97440,"depth":81,"text":97441},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96315,"description":97501},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97508,"title":97509,"body":97510,"description":98679,"extension":2084,"meta":98680,"navigation":84,"path":98681,"seo":98682,"stem":98683,"__hash__":98684},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97511,"toc":98646},[97512,97517,97523,97530,97575,97577,97588,97593,97598,97602,97616,97621,97623,97625,97640,97642,97656,97658,97660,97725,97727,97737,97739,97757,97763,97770,97775,97849,97851,97868,97874,97879,97950,97952,97979,97996,97999,98005,98007,98014,98018,98085,98087,98102,98105,98158,98160,98168,98180,98182,98186,98191,98193,98242,98244,98252,98254,98299,98301,98311,98317,98325,98338,98344,98346,98375,98377,98395,98399,98402,98433,98435,98453,98457,98532,98534,98550,98557,98559,98564,98569,98575,98578,98582,98590,98597,98605,98607,98643],[10,97513,96321,97515,18],{"id":97514},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97516,11462],{},[20,97518,97519,97522],{},[15,97520,97521],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97524,97525,97526,97529],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[153,97527,97528],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,97531,97533],{"className":37,"code":97532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97534,97535,97555,97565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97536,97537,97539,97541,97543,97545,97547,97549,97551,97553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97538,3739],{"class":50},[44,97540,55],{"class":54},[44,97542,10629],{"class":115},[44,97544,3111],{"class":77},[44,97546,129],{"class":115},[44,97548,3116],{"class":77},[44,97550,129],{"class":115},[44,97552,2573],{"class":77},[44,97554,9447],{"class":115},[44,97556,97557,97559,97561,97563],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97558,3771],{"class":50},[44,97560,116],{"class":115},[44,97562,11523],{"class":119},[44,97564,8782],{"class":115},[44,97566,97567,97569,97571,97573],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,97568,142],{"class":141},[44,97570,123],{"class":115},[44,97572,3771],{"class":119},[44,97574,135],{"class":115},[20,97576,155],{},[35,97578,97580],{"className":37,"code":97579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,97581,97582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97583,97584,97586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97585,6423],{"class":1296},[44,97587,8782],{"class":115},[20,97589,97590,97592],{},[15,97591,11462],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[30,97594,3802,97596,3805],{"id":97595},"what-setclear-does",[15,97597,97521],{},[20,97599,213,97600,216],{},[15,97601,11462],{},[218,97603,97604,97607,97609,97613],{},[221,97605,97606],{},"Removes every item from a set",[221,97608,96436],{},[221,97610,11563,97611],{},[15,97612,3904],{},[221,97614,97615],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97617,96445,97618,71736],{},[200,97619,96449],{"href":97620},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[30,97622,351],{"id":350},[20,97624,54577],{},[35,97626,97628],{"className":37,"code":97627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97629,97630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97631,97632,97634,97636,97638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97633,15804],{"class":50},[44,97635,116],{"class":115},[44,97637,11523],{"class":119},[44,97639,8782],{"class":115},[20,97641,13189],{},[218,97643,97644,97647,97650,97653],{},[221,97645,97646],{},"It takes no arguments",[221,97648,97649],{},"It empties the set",[221,97651,97652],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[221,97654,97655],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[30,97657,11615],{"id":11614},[20,97659,11618],{},[35,97661,97663],{"className":37,"code":97662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97664,97665,97697,97701,97711,97715],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97666,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687,97689,97691,97693,97695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97668,13213],{"class":50},[44,97670,55],{"class":54},[44,97672,10629],{"class":115},[44,97674,112],{"class":58},[44,97676,13230],{"class":62},[44,97678,112],{"class":58},[44,97680,129],{"class":115},[44,97682,59],{"class":58},[44,97684,17592],{"class":62},[44,97686,112],{"class":58},[44,97688,129],{"class":115},[44,97690,59],{"class":58},[44,97692,13247],{"class":62},[44,97694,112],{"class":58},[44,97696,9447],{"class":115},[44,97698,97699],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97700,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97702,97703,97705,97707,97709],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,97704,17639],{"class":50},[44,97706,116],{"class":115},[44,97708,11523],{"class":119},[44,97710,8782],{"class":115},[44,97712,97713],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,97714,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97716,97717,97719,97721,97723],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,97718,142],{"class":141},[44,97720,123],{"class":115},[44,97722,17639],{"class":119},[44,97724,135],{"class":115},[20,97726,155],{},[35,97728,97729],{"className":37,"code":97579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97730,97731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97732,97733,97735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97734,6423],{"class":1296},[44,97736,8782],{"class":115},[20,97738,11823],{},[218,97740,97741,97746,97751],{},[221,97742,97743,97745],{},[15,97744,17639],{}," starts with three values",[221,97747,97748,11836],{},[15,97749,97750],{},"colors.clear()",[221,97752,97753,97754,97756],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97755,3922],{},", which means an empty set",[30,97758,97760,97762],{"id":97759},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97761,11462],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97764,97765,536,97767,97769],{},[15,97766,11462],{},[15,97768,3922],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1474,97771,8556,97773],{"id":97772},"using-clear",[15,97774,11462],{},[35,97776,97778],{"className":37,"code":97777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97779,97780,97800,97810,97814,97824,97828,97838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97781,97782,97784,97786,97788,97790,97792,97794,97796,97798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97783,7917],{"class":50},[44,97785,55],{"class":54},[44,97787,10629],{"class":115},[44,97789,3111],{"class":77},[44,97791,129],{"class":115},[44,97793,3116],{"class":77},[44,97795,129],{"class":115},[44,97797,2573],{"class":77},[44,97799,9447],{"class":115},[44,97801,97802,97805,97807],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97803,97804],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,97806,55],{"class":54},[44,97808,97809],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,97811,97812],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,97813,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97815,97816,97818,97820,97822],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,97817,7948],{"class":50},[44,97819,116],{"class":115},[44,97821,11523],{"class":119},[44,97823,8782],{"class":115},[44,97825,97826],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,97827,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97829,97830,97832,97834,97836],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,97831,142],{"class":141},[44,97833,123],{"class":115},[44,97835,7948],{"class":119},[44,97837,135],{"class":115},[44,97839,97840,97842,97844,97847],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,97841,142],{"class":141},[44,97843,123],{"class":115},[44,97845,97846],{"class":119},"other_name",[44,97848,135],{"class":115},[20,97850,155],{},[35,97852,97854],{"className":37,"code":97853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97855,97856,97862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97857,97858,97860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97859,6423],{"class":1296},[44,97861,8782],{"class":115},[44,97863,97864,97866],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97865,6423],{"class":1296},[44,97867,8782],{"class":115},[20,97869,97870,97871,116],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[153,97872,97873],{},"same set object",[1474,97875,8556,97877],{"id":97876},"using-set",[15,97878,3922],{},[35,97880,97882],{"className":37,"code":97881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97883,97884,97904,97912,97916,97926,97930,97940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97885,97886,97888,97890,97892,97894,97896,97898,97900,97902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97887,7917],{"class":50},[44,97889,55],{"class":54},[44,97891,10629],{"class":115},[44,97893,3111],{"class":77},[44,97895,129],{"class":115},[44,97897,3116],{"class":77},[44,97899,129],{"class":115},[44,97901,2573],{"class":77},[44,97903,9447],{"class":115},[44,97905,97906,97908,97910],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97907,97804],{"class":50},[44,97909,55],{"class":54},[44,97911,97809],{"class":50},[44,97913,97914],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,97915,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97917,97918,97920,97922,97924],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,97919,7917],{"class":50},[44,97921,55],{"class":54},[44,97923,15771],{"class":1296},[44,97925,8782],{"class":115},[44,97927,97928],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,97929,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,97931,97932,97934,97936,97938],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,97933,142],{"class":141},[44,97935,123],{"class":115},[44,97937,7948],{"class":119},[44,97939,135],{"class":115},[44,97941,97942,97944,97946,97948],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,97943,142],{"class":141},[44,97945,123],{"class":115},[44,97947,97846],{"class":119},[44,97949,135],{"class":115},[20,97951,155],{},[35,97953,97955],{"className":37,"code":97954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97956,97957,97963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97958,97959,97961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97960,6423],{"class":1296},[44,97962,8782],{"class":115},[44,97964,97965,97967,97969,97971,97973,97975,97977],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,97966,1072],{"class":115},[44,97968,3111],{"class":77},[44,97970,129],{"class":115},[44,97972,3116],{"class":77},[44,97974,129],{"class":115},[44,97976,2573],{"class":77},[44,97978,9447],{"class":115},[20,97980,20908,97981,93213,97984,97987,97988,116,97990,97992,97993,97995],{},[15,97982,97983],{},"items = set()",[153,97985,97986],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97989,7948],{},[9984,97991],{},"\nBut ",[15,97994,97846],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97997,97998],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,98000,98001,98002,116],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[200,98003,96453],{"href":98004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[30,98006,1219],{"id":1218},[20,98008,98009,14191,98011,98013],{},[15,98010,11462],{},[153,98012,4761],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,98015,5280,98016,116],{},[15,98017,3904],{},[35,98019,98021],{"className":37,"code":98020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98022,98023,98043,98047,98061,98065,98075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98024,98025,98027,98029,98031,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98026,3739],{"class":50},[44,98028,55],{"class":54},[44,98030,10629],{"class":115},[44,98032,3111],{"class":77},[44,98034,129],{"class":115},[44,98036,3116],{"class":77},[44,98038,129],{"class":115},[44,98040,2573],{"class":77},[44,98042,9447],{"class":115},[44,98044,98045],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98046,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,98048,98049,98051,98053,98055,98057,98059],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,98050,2351],{"class":50},[44,98052,55],{"class":54},[44,98054,4392],{"class":50},[44,98056,116],{"class":115},[44,98058,11523],{"class":119},[44,98060,8782],{"class":115},[44,98062,98063],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,98064,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,98066,98067,98069,98071,98073],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,98068,142],{"class":141},[44,98070,123],{"class":115},[44,98072,2386],{"class":119},[44,98074,135],{"class":115},[44,98076,98077,98079,98081,98083],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,98078,142],{"class":141},[44,98080,123],{"class":115},[44,98082,3771],{"class":119},[44,98084,135],{"class":115},[20,98086,155],{},[35,98088,98090],{"className":37,"code":98089,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,98091,98092,98096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98093,98094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98095,11948],{"class":3978},[44,98097,98098,98100],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98099,6423],{"class":1296},[44,98101,8782],{"class":115},[20,98103,98104],{},"Do not do this:",[35,98106,98108],{"className":37,"code":98107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98109,98110,98130,98144,98148],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98111,98112,98114,98116,98118,98120,98122,98124,98126,98128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98113,3739],{"class":50},[44,98115,55],{"class":54},[44,98117,10629],{"class":115},[44,98119,3111],{"class":77},[44,98121,129],{"class":115},[44,98123,3116],{"class":77},[44,98125,129],{"class":115},[44,98127,2573],{"class":77},[44,98129,9447],{"class":115},[44,98131,98132,98134,98136,98138,98140,98142],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98133,3739],{"class":50},[44,98135,55],{"class":54},[44,98137,4392],{"class":50},[44,98139,116],{"class":115},[44,98141,11523],{"class":119},[44,98143,8782],{"class":115},[44,98145,98146],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,98147,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,98149,98150,98152,98154,98156],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,98151,142],{"class":141},[44,98153,123],{"class":115},[44,98155,3771],{"class":119},[44,98157,135],{"class":115},[20,98159,155],{},[35,98161,98162],{"className":37,"code":11948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98163,98164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98165,98166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98167,11948],{"class":3978},[20,98169,22326,98170,2518,98172,98174,98175,98177,98178,116],{},[15,98171,54690],{},[15,98173,3904],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98176,3904],{}," back to ",[15,98179,3771],{},[30,98181,4648],{"id":4647},[20,98183,10887,98184,116],{},[15,98185,97521],{},[1474,98187,12734,98189],{"id":98188},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98190,11462],{},[20,98192,16781],{},[35,98194,98196],{"className":37,"code":98195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98197,98198,98218,98232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98199,98200,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210,98212,98214,98216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98201,15766],{"class":50},[44,98203,55],{"class":54},[44,98205,10629],{"class":115},[44,98207,3111],{"class":77},[44,98209,129],{"class":115},[44,98211,3116],{"class":77},[44,98213,129],{"class":115},[44,98215,2573],{"class":77},[44,98217,9447],{"class":115},[44,98219,98220,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98221,15766],{"class":50},[44,98223,55],{"class":54},[44,98225,97045],{"class":50},[44,98227,116],{"class":115},[44,98229,11523],{"class":119},[44,98231,8782],{"class":115},[44,98233,98234,98236,98238,98240],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,98235,142],{"class":141},[44,98237,123],{"class":115},[44,98239,15804],{"class":119},[44,98241,135],{"class":115},[20,98243,155],{},[35,98245,98246],{"className":37,"code":11948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98247,98248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98249,98250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98251,11948],{"class":3978},[20,98253,16793],{},[35,98255,98257],{"className":37,"code":98256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98258,98259,98279,98289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98260,98261,98263,98265,98267,98269,98271,98273,98275,98277],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98262,15766],{"class":50},[44,98264,55],{"class":54},[44,98266,10629],{"class":115},[44,98268,3111],{"class":77},[44,98270,129],{"class":115},[44,98272,3116],{"class":77},[44,98274,129],{"class":115},[44,98276,2573],{"class":77},[44,98278,9447],{"class":115},[44,98280,98281,98283,98285,98287],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98282,15804],{"class":50},[44,98284,116],{"class":115},[44,98286,11523],{"class":119},[44,98288,8782],{"class":115},[44,98290,98291,98293,98295,98297],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,98292,142],{"class":141},[44,98294,123],{"class":115},[44,98296,15804],{"class":119},[44,98298,135],{"class":115},[20,98300,155],{},[35,98302,98303],{"className":37,"code":97579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98304,98305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98306,98307,98309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98308,6423],{"class":1296},[44,98310,8782],{"class":115},[1474,98312,1707,98314,98316],{"id":98313},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98315,11462],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98318,98319,98321,98322,98324],{},[15,98320,11462],{}," removes ",[153,98323,3841],{}," items from the set.",[20,98326,98327,98328,3000,98333,116],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[200,98329,98331],{"href":98330},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98332,55659],{},[200,98334,98336],{"href":98335},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98337,12902],{},[1474,98339,8556,98341,98343],{"id":98340},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98342,101],{}," for an empty set",[20,98345,25825],{},[35,98347,98349],{"className":37,"code":98348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98350,98351,98360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98352,98353,98356,98358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98354,98355],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,98357,55],{"class":54},[44,98359,338],{"class":115},[44,98361,98362,98364,98366,98368,98370,98373],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98363,142],{"class":141},[44,98365,123],{"class":115},[44,98367,1297],{"class":1296},[44,98369,123],{"class":115},[44,98371,98372],{"class":119},"empty_value",[44,98374,567],{"class":115},[20,98376,155],{},[35,98378,98379],{"className":37,"code":8948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98380,98381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98382,98383,98385,98387,98389,98391,98393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98384,1326],{"class":54},[44,98386,1329],{"class":1075},[44,98388,1332],{"class":58},[44,98390,8961],{"class":62},[44,98392,1338],{"class":58},[44,98394,1341],{"class":54},[20,98396,98397,8928],{},[15,98398,101],{},[20,98400,98401],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,98403,98405],{"className":37,"code":98404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98406,98407,98418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98408,98409,98412,98414,98416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98410,98411],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,98413,55],{"class":54},[44,98415,15771],{"class":1296},[44,98417,8782],{"class":115},[44,98419,98420,98422,98424,98426,98428,98431],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98421,142],{"class":141},[44,98423,123],{"class":115},[44,98425,1297],{"class":1296},[44,98427,123],{"class":115},[44,98429,98430],{"class":119},"empty_set",[44,98432,567],{"class":115},[20,98434,155],{},[35,98436,98437],{"className":37,"code":8992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98438,98439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98440,98441,98443,98445,98447,98449,98451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98442,1326],{"class":54},[44,98444,1329],{"class":1075},[44,98446,1332],{"class":58},[44,98448,6423],{"class":62},[44,98450,1338],{"class":58},[44,98452,1341],{"class":54},[1474,98454,98456],{"id":98455},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,98458,98460],{"className":37,"code":98459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98461,98462,98486,98494,98498,98508,98512,98522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98463,98464,98466,98468,98470,98472,98474,98476,98478,98480,98482,98484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98465,2676],{"class":50},[44,98467,55],{"class":54},[44,98469,10629],{"class":115},[44,98471,112],{"class":58},[44,98473,2294],{"class":62},[44,98475,112],{"class":58},[44,98477,129],{"class":115},[44,98479,59],{"class":58},[44,98481,11885],{"class":62},[44,98483,112],{"class":58},[44,98485,9447],{"class":115},[44,98487,98488,98490,98492],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98489,2704],{"class":50},[44,98491,55],{"class":54},[44,98493,36312],{"class":50},[44,98495,98496],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,98497,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,98499,98500,98502,98504,98506],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,98501,200],{"class":50},[44,98503,116],{"class":115},[44,98505,11523],{"class":119},[44,98507,8782],{"class":115},[44,98509,98510],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,98511,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,98513,98514,98516,98518,98520],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,98515,142],{"class":141},[44,98517,123],{"class":115},[44,98519,200],{"class":119},[44,98521,135],{"class":115},[44,98523,98524,98526,98528,98530],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,98525,142],{"class":141},[44,98527,123],{"class":115},[44,98529,4891],{"class":119},[44,98531,135],{"class":115},[20,98533,155],{},[35,98535,98536],{"className":37,"code":97853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98537,98538,98544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98539,98540,98542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98541,6423],{"class":1296},[44,98543,8782],{"class":115},[44,98545,98546,98548],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98547,6423],{"class":1296},[44,98549,8782],{"class":115},[20,98551,29197,98552,536,98554,98556],{},[15,98553,200],{},[15,98555,4891],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[30,98558,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,98560,5274,98562,5277],{"id":98561},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98563,97521],{},[20,98565,5280,98566,98568],{},[15,98567,3904],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1474,98570,12844,98572,98574],{"id":98571},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98573,11462],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98576,98577],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1474,98579,98581],{"id":98580},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98583,98584,98585,98587,98588,116],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98586,11462],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98589,3922],{},[1474,98591,5312,98593,536,98595,1995],{"id":98592},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98594,11462],{},[15,98596,3922],{},[20,98598,98599,98601,98602,98604],{},[15,98600,11462],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98603,3922],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[30,98606,2019],{"id":2018},[218,98608,98609,98613,98617,98624,98630,98636],{},[221,98610,98611],{},[200,98612,96449],{"href":97620},[221,98614,98615],{},[200,98616,97459],{"href":98004},[221,98618,98619],{},[200,98620,96935,98622,10880],{"href":98621},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98623,96324],{},[221,98625,98626],{},[200,98627,96935,98628,10880],{"href":98330},[15,98629,55659],{},[221,98631,98632],{},[200,98633,96935,98634,10880],{"href":98335},[15,98635,12902],{},[221,98637,98638],{},[200,98639,96935,98641,10880],{"href":98640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98642,15091],{},[2048,98644,98645],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":98647},[98648,98650,98651,98652,98659,98660,98669,98678],{"id":97595,"depth":69,"text":98649},"What set.clear() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":97759,"depth":69,"text":98653,"children":98654},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98655,98657],{"id":97772,"depth":81,"text":98656},"Using clear()",{"id":97876,"depth":81,"text":98658},"Using set()",{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":98661},[98662,98664,98666,98668],{"id":98188,"depth":81,"text":98663},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98313,"depth":81,"text":98665},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98340,"depth":81,"text":98667},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98455,"depth":81,"text":98456},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":98670},[98671,98673,98675,98676],{"id":98561,"depth":81,"text":98672},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98571,"depth":81,"text":98674},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98580,"depth":81,"text":98581},{"id":98592,"depth":81,"text":98677},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97509,"description":98679},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98686,"title":98687,"body":98688,"description":100520,"extension":2084,"meta":100521,"navigation":84,"path":96452,"seo":100522,"stem":100523,"__hash__":100524},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98689,"toc":100477},[98690,98693,98696,98699,98701,98804,98808,98855,98861,98863,98882,98886,98889,98891,98905,98914,98918,98921,98956,98960,98980,98983,98987,98990,99051,99055,99080,99087,99093,99098,99100,99112,99116,99165,99169,99193,99200,99204,99245,99249,99270,99274,99307,99311,99352,99355,99359,99364,99403,99407,99432,99437,99443,99480,99484,99507,99511,99513,99516,99519,99596,99600,99637,99640,99644,99650,99653,99663,99712,99718,99724,99751,99754,99776,99778,99809,99812,99816,99820,99859,99863,99926,99929,99962,99966,99991,99993,99996,100002,100005,100032,100035,100053,100057,100061,100064,100107,100110,100114,100117,100120,100150,100153,100157,100160,100175,100180,100184,100187,100276,100278,100281,100371,100374,100392,100394,100398,100408,100412,100420,100424,100427,100431,100434,100438,100441,100443,100471,100474],[10,98691,98687],{"id":98692},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98694,98695],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98697,98698],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[30,98700,3729],{"id":3728},[35,98702,98704],{"className":37,"code":98703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98705,98706,98726,98760,98770,98774,98784,98794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98707,98708,98710,98712,98714,98716,98718,98720,98722,98724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98709,3739],{"class":50},[44,98711,55],{"class":54},[44,98713,10629],{"class":115},[44,98715,3111],{"class":77},[44,98717,129],{"class":115},[44,98719,3116],{"class":77},[44,98721,129],{"class":115},[44,98723,2573],{"class":77},[44,98725,9447],{"class":115},[44,98727,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740,98742,98744,98746,98748,98750,98752,98754,98756,98758],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98729,4198],{"class":50},[44,98731,55],{"class":54},[44,98733,15771],{"class":1296},[44,98735,3108],{"class":115},[44,98737,112],{"class":58},[44,98739,4207],{"class":62},[44,98741,112],{"class":58},[44,98743,129],{"class":115},[44,98745,59],{"class":58},[44,98747,4216],{"class":62},[44,98749,112],{"class":58},[44,98751,129],{"class":115},[44,98753,59],{"class":58},[44,98755,4207],{"class":62},[44,98757,112],{"class":58},[44,98759,4015],{"class":115},[44,98761,98762,98764,98766,98768],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,98763,98411],{"class":50},[44,98765,55],{"class":54},[44,98767,15771],{"class":1296},[44,98769,8782],{"class":115},[44,98771,98772],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,98773,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,98775,98776,98778,98780,98782],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,98777,142],{"class":141},[44,98779,123],{"class":115},[44,98781,3771],{"class":119},[44,98783,135],{"class":115},[44,98785,98786,98788,98790,98792],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,98787,142],{"class":141},[44,98789,123],{"class":115},[44,98791,4242],{"class":119},[44,98793,135],{"class":115},[44,98795,98796,98798,98800,98802],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,98797,142],{"class":141},[44,98799,123],{"class":115},[44,98801,98430],{"class":119},[44,98803,135],{"class":115},[20,98805,98806],{},[153,98807,155],{},[35,98809,98811],{"className":37,"code":98810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98812,98813,98829,98849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98814,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823,98825,98827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98816,1072],{"class":115},[44,98818,3111],{"class":77},[44,98820,129],{"class":115},[44,98822,3116],{"class":77},[44,98824,129],{"class":115},[44,98826,2573],{"class":77},[44,98828,9447],{"class":115},[44,98830,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98832,1072],{"class":115},[44,98834,1338],{"class":58},[44,98836,4216],{"class":62},[44,98838,1338],{"class":58},[44,98840,129],{"class":115},[44,98842,1332],{"class":58},[44,98844,4207],{"class":62},[44,98846,1338],{"class":58},[44,98848,9447],{"class":115},[44,98850,98851,98853],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,98852,6423],{"class":1296},[44,98854,8782],{"class":115},[20,98856,98857,98858,98860],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98859,3922],{}," for an empty set.",[30,98862,15300],{"id":15299},[218,98864,98865,98868,98873,98876,98879],{},[221,98866,98867],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[221,98869,98870,98871],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98872,3922],{},[221,98874,98875],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[221,98877,98878],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[221,98880,98881],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[30,98883,98885],{"id":98884},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98887,98888],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98890,30677],{},[218,98892,98893,98896,98899,98902],{},[221,98894,98895],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[221,98897,98898],{},"Sets are unordered",[221,98900,98901],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[221,98903,98904],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98906,98907,98908,3000,98910,116],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[200,98909,96449],{"href":97620},[200,98911,98913],{"href":98912},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[30,98915,98917],{"id":98916},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98919,98920],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,98922,98924],{"className":37,"code":98923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98925,98926,98946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98927,98928,98930,98932,98934,98936,98938,98940,98942,98944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98929,3739],{"class":50},[44,98931,55],{"class":54},[44,98933,10629],{"class":115},[44,98935,3111],{"class":77},[44,98937,129],{"class":115},[44,98939,3116],{"class":77},[44,98941,129],{"class":115},[44,98943,2573],{"class":77},[44,98945,9447],{"class":115},[44,98947,98948,98950,98952,98954],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,98949,142],{"class":141},[44,98951,123],{"class":115},[44,98953,3771],{"class":119},[44,98955,135],{"class":115},[20,98957,98958],{},[153,98959,30166],{},[35,98961,98962],{"className":37,"code":96728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98963,98964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98965,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98967,1072],{"class":115},[44,98969,3111],{"class":77},[44,98971,129],{"class":115},[44,98973,3116],{"class":77},[44,98975,129],{"class":115},[44,98977,2573],{"class":77},[44,98979,9447],{"class":115},[20,98981,98982],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1474,98984,98986],{"id":98985},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98988,98989],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,98991,98993],{"className":37,"code":98992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98994,98995,99027,99037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98996,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98998,3739],{"class":50},[44,99000,55],{"class":54},[44,99002,10629],{"class":115},[44,99004,3111],{"class":77},[44,99006,129],{"class":115},[44,99008,3116],{"class":77},[44,99010,129],{"class":115},[44,99012,3116],{"class":77},[44,99014,129],{"class":115},[44,99016,2573],{"class":77},[44,99018,129],{"class":115},[44,99020,2573],{"class":77},[44,99022,129],{"class":115},[44,99024,2573],{"class":77},[44,99026,9447],{"class":115},[44,99028,99029,99031,99033,99035],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99030,142],{"class":141},[44,99032,123],{"class":115},[44,99034,3771],{"class":119},[44,99036,135],{"class":115},[44,99038,99039,99041,99043,99045,99047,99049],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,99040,142],{"class":141},[44,99042,123],{"class":115},[44,99044,11302],{"class":141},[44,99046,123],{"class":115},[44,99048,3771],{"class":119},[44,99050,567],{"class":115},[20,99052,99053],{},[153,99054,30166],{},[35,99056,99058],{"className":37,"code":99057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99059,99060,99076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99061,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072,99074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99063,1072],{"class":115},[44,99065,3111],{"class":77},[44,99067,129],{"class":115},[44,99069,3116],{"class":77},[44,99071,129],{"class":115},[44,99073,2573],{"class":77},[44,99075,9447],{"class":115},[44,99077,99078],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99079,46748],{"class":77},[20,99081,21115,99082,536,99084,99086],{},[15,99083,2177],{},[15,99085,2183],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[30,99088,99090,99091],{"id":99089},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99092,3922],{},[20,99094,189,99095,99097],{},[15,99096,3922],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99099,5591],{},[218,99101,99102,99104,99106,99108],{},[221,99103,97208],{},[221,99105,96504],{},[221,99107,56595],{},[221,99109,99110],{},[15,99111,36335],{},[1474,99113,99115],{"id":99114},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,99117,99119],{"className":37,"code":99118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99120,99121,99155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99122,99123,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99124,3739],{"class":50},[44,99126,55],{"class":54},[44,99128,15771],{"class":1296},[44,99130,3108],{"class":115},[44,99132,3111],{"class":77},[44,99134,129],{"class":115},[44,99136,3116],{"class":77},[44,99138,129],{"class":115},[44,99140,3116],{"class":77},[44,99142,129],{"class":115},[44,99144,2573],{"class":77},[44,99146,129],{"class":115},[44,99148,2573],{"class":77},[44,99150,129],{"class":115},[44,99152,2579],{"class":77},[44,99154,4015],{"class":115},[44,99156,99157,99159,99161,99163],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99158,142],{"class":141},[44,99160,123],{"class":115},[44,99162,3771],{"class":119},[44,99164,135],{"class":115},[20,99166,99167],{},[153,99168,30166],{},[35,99170,99171],{"className":37,"code":96391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99172,99173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99174,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99176,1072],{"class":115},[44,99178,3111],{"class":77},[44,99180,129],{"class":115},[44,99182,3116],{"class":77},[44,99184,129],{"class":115},[44,99186,2573],{"class":77},[44,99188,129],{"class":115},[44,99190,2579],{"class":77},[44,99192,9447],{"class":115},[20,99194,99195,99196,116],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[200,99197,99199],{"href":99198},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1474,99201,99203],{"id":99202},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,99205,99207],{"className":37,"code":99206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99208,99209,99235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99210,99211,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221,99223,99225,99227,99229,99231,99233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99212,3948],{"class":50},[44,99214,55],{"class":54},[44,99216,15771],{"class":1296},[44,99218,5645],{"class":115},[44,99220,2451],{"class":77},[44,99222,129],{"class":115},[44,99224,7928],{"class":77},[44,99226,129],{"class":115},[44,99228,7928],{"class":77},[44,99230,129],{"class":115},[44,99232,7933],{"class":77},[44,99234,567],{"class":115},[44,99236,99237,99239,99241,99243],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99238,142],{"class":141},[44,99240,123],{"class":115},[44,99242,5492],{"class":119},[44,99244,135],{"class":115},[20,99246,99247],{},[153,99248,30166],{},[35,99250,99252],{"className":37,"code":99251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99253,99254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99255,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99257,1072],{"class":115},[44,99259,2451],{"class":77},[44,99261,129],{"class":115},[44,99263,7928],{"class":77},[44,99265,129],{"class":115},[44,99267,7933],{"class":77},[44,99269,9447],{"class":115},[1474,99271,99273],{"id":99272},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,99275,99277],{"className":37,"code":99276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99278,99279,99297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99280,99281,99283,99285,99287,99289,99291,99293,99295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99282,36227],{"class":50},[44,99284,55],{"class":54},[44,99286,15771],{"class":1296},[44,99288,123],{"class":115},[44,99290,112],{"class":58},[44,99292,3971],{"class":62},[44,99294,112],{"class":58},[44,99296,135],{"class":115},[44,99298,99299,99301,99303,99305],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99300,142],{"class":141},[44,99302,123],{"class":115},[44,99304,36280],{"class":119},[44,99306,135],{"class":115},[20,99308,99309],{},[153,99310,30166],{},[35,99312,99314],{"className":37,"code":99313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99315,99316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99317,99318,99320,99322,99324,99326,99328,99330,99332,99334,99336,99338,99340,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99319,1072],{"class":115},[44,99321,1338],{"class":58},[44,99323,60570],{"class":62},[44,99325,1338],{"class":58},[44,99327,129],{"class":115},[44,99329,1332],{"class":58},[44,99331,60579],{"class":62},[44,99333,1338],{"class":58},[44,99335,129],{"class":115},[44,99337,1332],{"class":58},[44,99339,60588],{"class":62},[44,99341,1338],{"class":58},[44,99343,129],{"class":115},[44,99345,1332],{"class":58},[44,99347,60605],{"class":62},[44,99349,1338],{"class":58},[44,99351,9447],{"class":115},[20,99353,99354],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[30,99356,99358],{"id":99357},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99360,99361,99362,116],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99363,3922],{},[35,99365,99367],{"className":37,"code":99366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99368,99369,99379,99389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99370,99371,99373,99375,99377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99372,98411],{"class":50},[44,99374,55],{"class":54},[44,99376,15771],{"class":1296},[44,99378,8782],{"class":115},[44,99380,99381,99383,99385,99387],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99382,142],{"class":141},[44,99384,123],{"class":115},[44,99386,98430],{"class":119},[44,99388,135],{"class":115},[44,99390,99391,99393,99395,99397,99399,99401],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,99392,142],{"class":141},[44,99394,123],{"class":115},[44,99396,1297],{"class":1296},[44,99398,123],{"class":115},[44,99400,98430],{"class":119},[44,99402,567],{"class":115},[20,99404,99405],{},[153,99406,155],{},[35,99408,99410],{"className":37,"code":99409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99411,99412,99418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99413,99414,99416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99415,6423],{"class":1296},[44,99417,8782],{"class":115},[44,99419,99420,99422,99424,99426,99428,99430],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99421,1326],{"class":54},[44,99423,1329],{"class":1075},[44,99425,1332],{"class":58},[44,99427,6423],{"class":62},[44,99429,1338],{"class":58},[44,99431,1341],{"class":54},[1474,99433,44563,99435],{"id":99434},"do-not-use",[15,99436,101],{},[20,99438,99439,99440,99442],{},"Empty braces do ",[153,99441,4761],{}," create a set.",[35,99444,99446],{"className":37,"code":99445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99447,99448,99456,99466],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99449,99450,99452,99454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99451,98355],{"class":50},[44,99453,55],{"class":54},[44,99455,338],{"class":115},[44,99457,99458,99460,99462,99464],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99459,142],{"class":141},[44,99461,123],{"class":115},[44,99463,98372],{"class":119},[44,99465,135],{"class":115},[44,99467,99468,99470,99472,99474,99476,99478],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,99469,142],{"class":141},[44,99471,123],{"class":115},[44,99473,1297],{"class":1296},[44,99475,123],{"class":115},[44,99477,98372],{"class":119},[44,99479,567],{"class":115},[20,99481,99482],{},[153,99483,155],{},[35,99485,99487],{"className":37,"code":99486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99488,99489,99493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99490,99491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99492,9573],{"class":115},[44,99494,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503,99505],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99496,1326],{"class":54},[44,99498,1329],{"class":1075},[44,99500,1332],{"class":58},[44,99502,8961],{"class":62},[44,99504,1338],{"class":58},[44,99506,1341],{"class":54},[20,99508,99509,8928],{},[15,99510,101],{},[30,99512,72400],{"id":72399},[20,99514,99515],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99517,99518],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,99520,99522],{"className":37,"code":99521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99523,99524,99572,99582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99525,99526,99528,99530,99532,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566,99568,99570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99527,4198],{"class":50},[44,99529,55],{"class":54},[44,99531,10629],{"class":115},[44,99533,112],{"class":58},[44,99535,4207],{"class":62},[44,99537,112],{"class":58},[44,99539,129],{"class":115},[44,99541,59],{"class":58},[44,99543,4216],{"class":62},[44,99545,112],{"class":58},[44,99547,129],{"class":115},[44,99549,59],{"class":58},[44,99551,4207],{"class":62},[44,99553,112],{"class":58},[44,99555,129],{"class":115},[44,99557,59],{"class":58},[44,99559,4207],{"class":62},[44,99561,112],{"class":58},[44,99563,129],{"class":115},[44,99565,59],{"class":58},[44,99567,33357],{"class":62},[44,99569,112],{"class":58},[44,99571,9447],{"class":115},[44,99573,99574,99576,99578,99580],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99575,142],{"class":141},[44,99577,123],{"class":115},[44,99579,4242],{"class":119},[44,99581,135],{"class":115},[44,99583,99584,99586,99588,99590,99592,99594],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,99585,142],{"class":141},[44,99587,123],{"class":115},[44,99589,11302],{"class":141},[44,99591,123],{"class":115},[44,99593,4242],{"class":119},[44,99595,567],{"class":115},[20,99597,99598],{},[153,99599,30166],{},[35,99601,99603],{"className":37,"code":99602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99604,99605,99633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99606,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615,99617,99619,99621,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99608,1072],{"class":115},[44,99610,1338],{"class":58},[44,99612,4216],{"class":62},[44,99614,1338],{"class":58},[44,99616,129],{"class":115},[44,99618,1332],{"class":58},[44,99620,33357],{"class":62},[44,99622,1338],{"class":58},[44,99624,129],{"class":115},[44,99626,1332],{"class":58},[44,99628,4207],{"class":62},[44,99630,1338],{"class":58},[44,99632,9447],{"class":115},[44,99634,99635],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99636,46748],{"class":77},[20,99638,99639],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[30,99641,99643],{"id":99642},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99645,99646,99647,99649],{},"Set items must be ",[153,99648,96492],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99651,99652],{},"These usually work:",[218,99654,99655,99657,99659,99661],{},[221,99656,56592],{},[221,99658,56595],{},[221,99660,96504],{},[221,99662,40732],{},[35,99664,99666],{"className":37,"code":99665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99667,99668,99702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99669,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682,99684,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99671,3948],{"class":50},[44,99673,55],{"class":54},[44,99675,10629],{"class":115},[44,99677,3111],{"class":77},[44,99679,129],{"class":115},[44,99681,59],{"class":58},[44,99683,4207],{"class":62},[44,99685,112],{"class":58},[44,99687,129],{"class":115},[44,99689,9375],{"class":115},[44,99691,2451],{"class":77},[44,99693,129],{"class":115},[44,99695,7928],{"class":77},[44,99697,9372],{"class":115},[44,99699,4043],{"class":3978},[44,99701,9447],{"class":115},[44,99703,99704,99706,99708,99710],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99705,142],{"class":141},[44,99707,123],{"class":115},[44,99709,5492],{"class":119},[44,99711,135],{"class":115},[20,99713,99714,99715,99717],{},"These do ",[153,99716,4761],{}," work directly:",[218,99719,99720,99722],{},[221,99721,97208],{},[221,99723,97211],{},[35,99725,99727],{"className":37,"code":99726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99728,99729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99730,99731,99734,99736,99739,99741,99743,99745,99747,99749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99732,99733],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,99735,55],{"class":54},[44,99737,99738],{"class":115}," {[",[44,99740,3111],{"class":77},[44,99742,129],{"class":115},[44,99744,3116],{"class":77},[44,99746,129],{"class":115},[44,99748,2573],{"class":77},[44,99750,13843],{"class":115},[20,99752,99753],{},"This raises an error:",[35,99755,99756],{"className":37,"code":97267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99757,99758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99759,99760,99762,99764,99766,99768,99770,99772,99774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99761,3129],{"class":1296},[44,99763,790],{"class":115},[44,99765,97278],{"class":50},[44,99767,1297],{"class":1296},[44,99769,790],{"class":115},[44,99771,1332],{"class":58},[44,99773,8231],{"class":62},[44,99775,29836],{"class":58},[20,99777,1127],{},[35,99779,99781],{"className":37,"code":99780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99782,99783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99784,99785,99787,99789,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99786,99733],{"class":50},[44,99788,55],{"class":54},[44,99790,99791],{"class":115}," {{",[44,99793,112],{"class":58},[44,99795,126],{"class":62},[44,99797,112],{"class":58},[44,99799,790],{"class":115},[44,99801,59],{"class":58},[44,99803,280],{"class":62},[44,99805,112],{"class":58},[44,99807,99808],{"class":115},"}}\n",[20,99810,99811],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,99813,99815],{"id":99814},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1474,99817,99819],{"id":99818},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,99821,99823],{"className":37,"code":99822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99824,99825,99849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99826,99827,99829,99831,99833,99835,99837,99839,99841,99843,99845,99847],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99828,3739],{"class":50},[44,99830,55],{"class":54},[44,99832,10629],{"class":115},[44,99834,3111],{"class":77},[44,99836,129],{"class":115},[44,99838,3116],{"class":77},[44,99840,129],{"class":115},[44,99842,2573],{"class":77},[44,99844,129],{"class":115},[44,99846,2579],{"class":77},[44,99848,9447],{"class":115},[44,99850,99851,99853,99855,99857],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99852,142],{"class":141},[44,99854,123],{"class":115},[44,99856,3771],{"class":119},[44,99858,135],{"class":115},[1474,99860,99862],{"id":99861},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,99864,99866],{"className":37,"code":99865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99867,99868,99896,99911,99915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99869,99870,99872,99874,99876,99878,99880,99882,99884,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99871,7917],{"class":50},[44,99873,55],{"class":54},[44,99875,3744],{"class":115},[44,99877,3111],{"class":77},[44,99879,129],{"class":115},[44,99881,5632],{"class":77},[44,99883,129],{"class":115},[44,99885,3116],{"class":77},[44,99887,129],{"class":115},[44,99889,2573],{"class":77},[44,99891,129],{"class":115},[44,99893,2573],{"class":77},[44,99895,3757],{"class":115},[44,99897,99898,99901,99903,99905,99907,99909],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99899,99900],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,99902,55],{"class":54},[44,99904,15771],{"class":1296},[44,99906,123],{"class":115},[44,99908,7948],{"class":119},[44,99910,135],{"class":115},[44,99912,99913],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,99914,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,99916,99917,99919,99921,99924],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,99918,142],{"class":141},[44,99920,123],{"class":115},[44,99922,99923],{"class":119},"unique_items",[44,99925,135],{"class":115},[1474,99927,99273],{"id":99928},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,99930,99932],{"className":37,"code":99931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99933,99934,99952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99935,99936,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946,99948,99950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99937,36227],{"class":50},[44,99939,55],{"class":54},[44,99941,15771],{"class":1296},[44,99943,123],{"class":115},[44,99945,112],{"class":58},[44,99947,4216],{"class":62},[44,99949,112],{"class":58},[44,99951,135],{"class":115},[44,99953,99954,99956,99958,99960],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99955,142],{"class":141},[44,99957,123],{"class":115},[44,99959,36280],{"class":119},[44,99961,135],{"class":115},[1474,99963,99965],{"id":99964},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,99967,99969],{"className":37,"code":99968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99970,99971,99981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99972,99973,99975,99977,99979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99974,98411],{"class":50},[44,99976,55],{"class":54},[44,99978,15771],{"class":1296},[44,99980,8782],{"class":115},[44,99982,99983,99985,99987,99989],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,99984,142],{"class":141},[44,99986,123],{"class":115},[44,99988,98430],{"class":119},[44,99990,135],{"class":115},[30,99992,1467],{"id":1466},[20,99994,99995],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1474,99997,8556,99999,100001],{"id":99998},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,100000,101],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,100003,100004],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,100006,100008],{"className":37,"code":100007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,100009,100010,100018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100011,100012,100014,100016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100013,2568],{"class":50},[44,100015,55],{"class":54},[44,100017,338],{"class":115},[44,100019,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028,100030],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100021,142],{"class":141},[44,100023,123],{"class":115},[44,100025,1297],{"class":1296},[44,100027,123],{"class":115},[44,100029,379],{"class":119},[44,100031,567],{"class":115},[20,100033,100034],{},"This prints:",[35,100036,100037],{"className":37,"code":8948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100038,100039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100040,100041,100043,100045,100047,100049,100051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100042,1326],{"class":54},[44,100044,1329],{"class":1075},[44,100046,1332],{"class":58},[44,100048,8961],{"class":62},[44,100050,1338],{"class":58},[44,100052,1341],{"class":54},[20,100054,189,100055,6768],{},[15,100056,3922],{},[1474,100058,100060],{"id":100059},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100062,100063],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,100065,100067],{"className":37,"code":100066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100068,100069,100097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100070,100071,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093,100095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100072,3739],{"class":50},[44,100074,55],{"class":54},[44,100076,10629],{"class":115},[44,100078,3111],{"class":77},[44,100080,129],{"class":115},[44,100082,5632],{"class":77},[44,100084,129],{"class":115},[44,100086,3116],{"class":77},[44,100088,129],{"class":115},[44,100090,3116],{"class":77},[44,100092,129],{"class":115},[44,100094,2573],{"class":77},[44,100096,9447],{"class":115},[44,100098,100099,100101,100103,100105],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100100,142],{"class":141},[44,100102,123],{"class":115},[44,100104,3771],{"class":119},[44,100106,135],{"class":115},[20,100108,100109],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1474,100111,100113],{"id":100112},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100115,100116],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100118,100119],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,100121,100123],{"className":37,"code":100122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100124,100125,100145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100126,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137,100139,100141,100143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100128,3739],{"class":50},[44,100130,55],{"class":54},[44,100132,10629],{"class":115},[44,100134,2451],{"class":77},[44,100136,129],{"class":115},[44,100138,7928],{"class":77},[44,100140,129],{"class":115},[44,100142,7933],{"class":77},[44,100144,9447],{"class":115},[44,100146,100147],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100148,100149],{"class":3787},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100151,100152],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1474,100154,100156],{"id":100155},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100158,100159],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,100161,100163],{"className":37,"code":100162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100164,100165,100170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100166,100167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100168,100169],{"class":3787},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,100171,100172],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100173,100174],{"class":3787},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100176,100177,100178,116],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100179,3129],{},[1474,100181,100183],{"id":100182},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100185,100186],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,100188,100190],{"className":37,"code":100189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100191,100192,100212,100244,100248,100262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100193,100194,100196,100198,100200,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100195,15766],{"class":50},[44,100197,55],{"class":54},[44,100199,10629],{"class":115},[44,100201,3111],{"class":77},[44,100203,129],{"class":115},[44,100205,3116],{"class":77},[44,100207,129],{"class":115},[44,100209,2573],{"class":77},[44,100211,9447],{"class":115},[44,100213,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222,100224,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100215,11864],{"class":50},[44,100217,55],{"class":54},[44,100219,10629],{"class":115},[44,100221,112],{"class":58},[44,100223,200],{"class":62},[44,100225,112],{"class":58},[44,100227,790],{"class":115},[44,100229,5632],{"class":77},[44,100231,129],{"class":115},[44,100233,59],{"class":58},[44,100235,4891],{"class":62},[44,100237,112],{"class":58},[44,100239,790],{"class":115},[44,100241,3116],{"class":77},[44,100243,9447],{"class":115},[44,100245,100246],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,100247,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,100249,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,100251,142],{"class":141},[44,100253,123],{"class":115},[44,100255,1297],{"class":1296},[44,100257,123],{"class":115},[44,100259,15804],{"class":119},[44,100261,567],{"class":115},[44,100263,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272,100274],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,100265,142],{"class":141},[44,100267,123],{"class":115},[44,100269,1297],{"class":1296},[44,100271,123],{"class":115},[44,100273,11589],{"class":119},[44,100275,567],{"class":115},[30,100277,92904],{"id":92903},[20,100279,100280],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,100282,100284],{"className":37,"code":100283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100285,100286,100312,100316,100330,100340,100354,100361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100287,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308,100310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100289,15766],{"class":50},[44,100291,55],{"class":54},[44,100293,15771],{"class":1296},[44,100295,3108],{"class":115},[44,100297,3111],{"class":77},[44,100299,129],{"class":115},[44,100301,3116],{"class":77},[44,100303,129],{"class":115},[44,100305,3116],{"class":77},[44,100307,129],{"class":115},[44,100309,2573],{"class":77},[44,100311,4015],{"class":115},[44,100313,100314],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100315,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,100317,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,100319,142],{"class":141},[44,100321,123],{"class":115},[44,100323,1297],{"class":1296},[44,100325,123],{"class":115},[44,100327,15804],{"class":119},[44,100329,567],{"class":115},[44,100331,100332,100334,100336,100338],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,100333,142],{"class":141},[44,100335,123],{"class":115},[44,100337,15804],{"class":119},[44,100339,135],{"class":115},[44,100341,100342,100344,100346,100348,100350,100352],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,100343,142],{"class":141},[44,100345,123],{"class":115},[44,100347,11302],{"class":141},[44,100349,123],{"class":115},[44,100351,15804],{"class":119},[44,100353,567],{"class":115},[44,100355,100356,100358],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,100357,142],{"class":141},[44,100359,100360],{"class":115},"({})\n",[44,100362,100363,100365,100367,100369],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,100364,142],{"class":141},[44,100366,123],{"class":115},[44,100368,6423],{"class":1296},[44,100370,7332],{"class":115},[20,100372,100373],{},"Use these to confirm:",[218,100375,100376,100379,100382,100385],{},[221,100377,100378],{},"The object type",[221,100380,100381],{},"The actual values stored",[221,100383,100384],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[221,100386,100387,100388,536,100390],{},"The difference between ",[15,100389,101],{},[15,100391,3922],{},[30,100393,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,100395,100397],{"id":100396},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100399,100400,100401,100404,100405,100407],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100402,100403],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100406,3922],{}," with another iterable.",[1474,100409,100411],{"id":100410},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100413,189,100414,100416,100417,100419],{},[15,100415,3922],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100418,101],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1474,100421,100423],{"id":100422},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100425,100426],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1474,100428,100430],{"id":100429},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100432,100433],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1474,100435,100437],{"id":100436},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100439,100440],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[30,100442,2019],{"id":2018},[218,100444,100445,100449,100455,100461,100466],{},[221,100446,100447],{},[200,100448,96449],{"href":97620},[221,100450,100451],{},[200,100452,1013,100453,10880],{"href":98621},[15,100454,96329],{},[221,100456,100457],{},[200,100458,1013,100459,10880],{"href":98640},[15,100460,97435],{},[221,100462,100463],{},[200,100464,100465],{"href":99198},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[221,100467,100468],{},[200,100469,100470],{"href":98912},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100472,100473],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2048,100475,100476],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":100478},[100479,100480,100481,100482,100485,100491,100495,100496,100497,100503,100511,100512,100519],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":15299,"depth":69,"text":15300},{"id":98884,"depth":69,"text":98885},{"id":98916,"depth":69,"text":98917,"children":100483},[100484],{"id":98985,"depth":81,"text":98986},{"id":99089,"depth":69,"text":100486,"children":100487},"Create a set with set()",[100488,100489,100490],{"id":99114,"depth":81,"text":99115},{"id":99202,"depth":81,"text":99203},{"id":99272,"depth":81,"text":99273},{"id":99357,"depth":69,"text":99358,"children":100492},[100493],{"id":99434,"depth":81,"text":100494},"Do not use {}",{"id":72399,"depth":69,"text":72400},{"id":99642,"depth":69,"text":99643},{"id":99814,"depth":69,"text":99815,"children":100498},[100499,100500,100501,100502],{"id":99818,"depth":81,"text":99819},{"id":99861,"depth":81,"text":99862},{"id":99928,"depth":81,"text":99273},{"id":99964,"depth":81,"text":99965},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":100504},[100505,100507,100508,100509,100510],{"id":99998,"depth":81,"text":100506},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100059,"depth":81,"text":100060},{"id":100112,"depth":81,"text":100113},{"id":100155,"depth":81,"text":100156},{"id":100182,"depth":81,"text":100183},{"id":92903,"depth":69,"text":92904},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":100513},[100514,100515,100516,100517,100518],{"id":100396,"depth":81,"text":100397},{"id":100410,"depth":81,"text":100411},{"id":100422,"depth":81,"text":100423},{"id":100429,"depth":81,"text":100430},{"id":100436,"depth":81,"text":100437},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98687,"description":100520},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100526,"title":100527,"body":100528,"description":102959,"extension":2084,"meta":102960,"navigation":84,"path":102961,"seo":102962,"stem":102963,"__hash__":102964},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100529,"toc":102924},[100530,100536,100542,100545,100547,100624,100626,100643,100653,100655,100660,100668,100670,100686,100690,100692,100694,100697,100718,100721,100745,100751,100753,100850,100852,100869,100879,100881,100883,100891,100893,100904,100906,100997,100999,101023,101034,101036,101038,101041,101171,101173,101246,101248,101269,101272,101274,101280,101285,101288,101415,101417,101434,101437,101439,101447,101450,101454,101462,101553,101555,101592,101597,101604,101681,101683,101699,101704,101709,101711,101720,101728,101809,101811,101840,101843,101847,101858,101861,101944,101946,101967,101973,101975,101977,101981,101985,101992,102057,102059,102079,102082,102151,102153,102169,102173,102179,102191,102199,102201,102286,102288,102317,102320,102324,102329,102331,102381,102384,102465,102467,102483,102487,102490,102565,102568,102572,102575,102652,102654,102687,102693,102697,102700,102835,102837,102851,102853,102855,102861,102864,102871,102879,102885,102888,102892,102895,102897,102899,102921],[10,100531,96321,100533,18],{"id":100532},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100534,100535],{},"difference()",[20,100537,100538,100541],{},[15,100539,100540],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100543,100544],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[30,100546,3729],{"id":3728},[35,100548,100550],{"className":37,"code":100549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100551,100552,100576,100596,100614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100553,100554,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100555,2676],{"class":50},[44,100557,55],{"class":54},[44,100559,10629],{"class":115},[44,100561,3111],{"class":77},[44,100563,129],{"class":115},[44,100565,3116],{"class":77},[44,100567,129],{"class":115},[44,100569,2573],{"class":77},[44,100571,129],{"class":115},[44,100573,2579],{"class":77},[44,100575,9447],{"class":115},[44,100577,100578,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100579,2704],{"class":50},[44,100581,55],{"class":54},[44,100583,10629],{"class":115},[44,100585,2183],{"class":77},[44,100587,129],{"class":115},[44,100589,2579],{"class":77},[44,100591,129],{"class":115},[44,100593,4735],{"class":77},[44,100595,9447],{"class":115},[44,100597,100598,100600,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,100599,2351],{"class":50},[44,100601,55],{"class":54},[44,100603,57018],{"class":50},[44,100605,116],{"class":115},[44,100607,2934],{"class":119},[44,100609,123],{"class":115},[44,100611,4891],{"class":119},[44,100613,135],{"class":115},[44,100615,100616,100618,100620,100622],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,100617,142],{"class":141},[44,100619,123],{"class":115},[44,100621,2386],{"class":119},[44,100623,135],{"class":115},[20,100625,155],{},[35,100627,100629],{"className":37,"code":100628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100630,100631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100632,100633,100635,100637,100639,100641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100634,1072],{"class":115},[44,100636,3111],{"class":77},[44,100638,129],{"class":115},[44,100640,3116],{"class":77},[44,100642,9447],{"class":115},[20,100644,100645,100647,100648,100650,100651,116],{},[15,100646,100535],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100649,200],{}," that are not in ",[15,100652,4891],{},[45050,100654],{},[30,100656,3802,100658,3805],{"id":100657},"what-difference-does",[15,100659,100535],{},[20,100661,213,100662,100664,100665,100667],{},[15,100663,100535],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[153,100666,4761],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100669,13189],{},[218,100671,100672,100677,100680,100683],{},[221,100673,100674,100676],{},[15,100675,100535],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[221,100678,100679],{},"It creates a new set",[221,100681,100682],{},"It does not change the original set",[221,100684,100685],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100687,96445,100688,116],{},[200,100689,96449],{"href":97620},[45050,100691],{},[30,100693,351],{"id":350},[20,100695,100696],{},"Use this form:",[35,100698,100700],{"className":37,"code":100699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100701,100702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100703,100704,100707,100709,100711,100713,100716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100705,100706],{"class":50},"set1",[44,100708,116],{"class":115},[44,100710,2934],{"class":119},[44,100712,123],{"class":115},[44,100714,100715],{"class":119},"set2",[44,100717,135],{"class":115},[20,100719,100720],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,100722,100724],{"className":37,"code":100723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100725,100726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100727,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740,100743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100729,100706],{"class":50},[44,100731,116],{"class":115},[44,100733,2934],{"class":119},[44,100735,123],{"class":115},[44,100737,100715],{"class":119},[44,100739,129],{"class":115},[44,100741,100742],{"class":119}," set3",[44,100744,135],{"class":115},[20,100746,100747,100748,100750],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[153,100749,5487],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100752,238],{},[35,100754,100756],{"className":37,"code":100755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100757,100758,100786,100802,100814,100818,100840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100759,100760,100762,100764,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100761,2676],{"class":50},[44,100763,55],{"class":54},[44,100765,10629],{"class":115},[44,100767,3111],{"class":77},[44,100769,129],{"class":115},[44,100771,3116],{"class":77},[44,100773,129],{"class":115},[44,100775,2573],{"class":77},[44,100777,129],{"class":115},[44,100779,2579],{"class":77},[44,100781,129],{"class":115},[44,100783,4735],{"class":77},[44,100785,9447],{"class":115},[44,100787,100788,100790,100792,100794,100796,100798,100800],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100789,2704],{"class":50},[44,100791,55],{"class":54},[44,100793,10629],{"class":115},[44,100795,2177],{"class":77},[44,100797,129],{"class":115},[44,100799,2573],{"class":77},[44,100801,9447],{"class":115},[44,100803,100804,100806,100808,100810,100812],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,100805,83315],{"class":50},[44,100807,55],{"class":54},[44,100809,10629],{"class":115},[44,100811,2257],{"class":77},[44,100813,9447],{"class":115},[44,100815,100816],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,100817,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,100819,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836,100838],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,100821,2351],{"class":50},[44,100823,55],{"class":54},[44,100825,57018],{"class":50},[44,100827,116],{"class":115},[44,100829,2934],{"class":119},[44,100831,123],{"class":115},[44,100833,4891],{"class":119},[44,100835,129],{"class":115},[44,100837,9820],{"class":119},[44,100839,135],{"class":115},[44,100841,100842,100844,100846,100848],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,100843,142],{"class":141},[44,100845,123],{"class":115},[44,100847,2386],{"class":119},[44,100849,135],{"class":115},[20,100851,155],{},[35,100853,100855],{"className":37,"code":100854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100856,100857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100858,100859,100861,100863,100865,100867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100860,1072],{"class":115},[44,100862,3111],{"class":77},[44,100864,129],{"class":115},[44,100866,2579],{"class":77},[44,100868,9447],{"class":115},[20,100870,100871,100872,100874,100875,3000,100877,116],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100873,200],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100876,4891],{},[15,100878,9878],{},[45050,100880],{},[30,100882,1219],{"id":1218},[20,100884,100885,100887,100888,116],{},[15,100886,100535],{}," always returns a ",[153,100889,100890],{},"new set",[20,100892,43784],{},[218,100894,100895,100898,100901],{},[221,100896,100897],{},"The return value is a new set",[221,100899,100900],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[221,100902,100903],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100905,238],{},[35,100907,100909],{"className":37,"code":100908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100910,100911,100927,100947,100951,100969,100973,100983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100912,100913,100915,100917,100919,100921,100923,100925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100914,2676],{"class":50},[44,100916,55],{"class":54},[44,100918,10629],{"class":115},[44,100920,3111],{"class":77},[44,100922,129],{"class":115},[44,100924,3116],{"class":77},[44,100926,9447],{"class":115},[44,100928,100929,100931,100933,100935,100937,100939,100941,100943,100945],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,100930,2704],{"class":50},[44,100932,55],{"class":54},[44,100934,10629],{"class":115},[44,100936,3111],{"class":77},[44,100938,129],{"class":115},[44,100940,3116],{"class":77},[44,100942,129],{"class":115},[44,100944,2573],{"class":77},[44,100946,9447],{"class":115},[44,100948,100949],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,100950,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,100952,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961,100963,100965,100967],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,100954,2351],{"class":50},[44,100956,55],{"class":54},[44,100958,57018],{"class":50},[44,100960,116],{"class":115},[44,100962,2934],{"class":119},[44,100964,123],{"class":115},[44,100966,4891],{"class":119},[44,100968,135],{"class":115},[44,100970,100971],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,100972,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,100974,100975,100977,100979,100981],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,100976,142],{"class":141},[44,100978,123],{"class":115},[44,100980,2386],{"class":119},[44,100982,135],{"class":115},[44,100984,100985,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,100986,142],{"class":141},[44,100988,123],{"class":115},[44,100990,1297],{"class":1296},[44,100992,123],{"class":115},[44,100994,2386],{"class":119},[44,100996,567],{"class":115},[20,100998,155],{},[35,101000,101001],{"className":37,"code":99409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101002,101003,101009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101004,101005,101007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101006,6423],{"class":1296},[44,101008,8782],{"class":115},[44,101010,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101012,1326],{"class":54},[44,101014,1329],{"class":1075},[44,101016,1332],{"class":58},[44,101018,6423],{"class":62},[44,101020,1338],{"class":58},[44,101022,1341],{"class":54},[20,101024,101025,101026,19101,101028,101030,101031,101033],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,101027,3922],{},[15,101029,101],{},". In Python, ",[15,101032,101],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45050,101035],{},[30,101037,11615],{"id":11614},[20,101039,101040],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,101042,101044],{"className":37,"code":101043,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,101045,101046,101079,101112,101116,101136,101140,101150,101161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101047,101048,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065,101067,101069,101071,101073,101075,101077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101049,101050],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,101052,55],{"class":54},[44,101054,10629],{"class":115},[44,101056,112],{"class":58},[44,101058,4207],{"class":62},[44,101060,112],{"class":58},[44,101062,129],{"class":115},[44,101064,59],{"class":58},[44,101066,4216],{"class":62},[44,101068,112],{"class":58},[44,101070,129],{"class":115},[44,101072,59],{"class":58},[44,101074,33357],{"class":62},[44,101076,112],{"class":58},[44,101078,9447],{"class":115},[44,101080,101081,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101082,101083],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,101085,55],{"class":54},[44,101087,10629],{"class":115},[44,101089,112],{"class":58},[44,101091,4216],{"class":62},[44,101093,112],{"class":58},[44,101095,129],{"class":115},[44,101097,59],{"class":58},[44,101099,33357],{"class":62},[44,101101,112],{"class":58},[44,101103,129],{"class":115},[44,101105,59],{"class":58},[44,101107,22668],{"class":62},[44,101109,112],{"class":58},[44,101111,9447],{"class":115},[44,101113,101114],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,101115,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,101117,101118,101120,101122,101125,101127,101129,101131,101134],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,101119,2351],{"class":50},[44,101121,55],{"class":54},[44,101123,101124],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,101126,116],{"class":115},[44,101128,2934],{"class":119},[44,101130,123],{"class":115},[44,101132,101133],{"class":119},"fruits_b",[44,101135,135],{"class":115},[44,101137,101138],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,101139,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,101141,101142,101144,101146,101148],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,101143,142],{"class":141},[44,101145,123],{"class":115},[44,101147,2386],{"class":119},[44,101149,135],{"class":115},[44,101151,101152,101154,101156,101159],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,101153,142],{"class":141},[44,101155,123],{"class":115},[44,101157,101158],{"class":119},"fruits_a",[44,101160,135],{"class":115},[44,101162,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,101164,142],{"class":141},[44,101166,123],{"class":115},[44,101168,101133],{"class":119},[44,101170,135],{"class":115},[20,101172,30166],{},[35,101174,101176],{"className":37,"code":101175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101177,101178,101190,101218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101179,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101181,1072],{"class":115},[44,101183,1338],{"class":58},[44,101185,4207],{"class":62},[44,101187,1338],{"class":58},[44,101189,9447],{"class":115},[44,101191,101192,101194,101196,101198,101200,101202,101204,101206,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101193,1072],{"class":115},[44,101195,1338],{"class":58},[44,101197,4216],{"class":62},[44,101199,1338],{"class":58},[44,101201,129],{"class":115},[44,101203,1332],{"class":58},[44,101205,33357],{"class":62},[44,101207,1338],{"class":58},[44,101209,129],{"class":115},[44,101211,1332],{"class":58},[44,101213,4207],{"class":62},[44,101215,1338],{"class":58},[44,101217,9447],{"class":115},[44,101219,101220,101222,101224,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242,101244],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,101221,1072],{"class":115},[44,101223,1338],{"class":58},[44,101225,4216],{"class":62},[44,101227,1338],{"class":58},[44,101229,129],{"class":115},[44,101231,1332],{"class":58},[44,101233,33357],{"class":62},[44,101235,1338],{"class":58},[44,101237,129],{"class":115},[44,101239,1332],{"class":58},[44,101241,22668],{"class":62},[44,101243,1338],{"class":58},[44,101245,9447],{"class":115},[20,101247,11823],{},[218,101249,101250,101255,101260,101266],{},[221,101251,101252,101253],{},"Start with ",[15,101254,101158],{},[221,101256,101257,101258],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101259,101133],{},[221,101261,101262,101263,101265],{},"Only ",[15,101264,57964],{}," remains",[221,101267,101268],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101270,101271],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45050,101273],{},[30,101275,8556,101277,101279],{"id":101276},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101278,100535],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101281,101282,101283,116],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101284,100535],{},[20,101286,101287],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,101289,101291],{"className":37,"code":101290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101292,101293,101325,101342,101355,101372,101376,101405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101294,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309,101311,101313,101315,101317,101319,101321,101323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101296,3739],{"class":50},[44,101298,55],{"class":54},[44,101300,10629],{"class":115},[44,101302,3111],{"class":77},[44,101304,129],{"class":115},[44,101306,3116],{"class":77},[44,101308,129],{"class":115},[44,101310,2573],{"class":77},[44,101312,129],{"class":115},[44,101314,2579],{"class":77},[44,101316,129],{"class":115},[44,101318,4735],{"class":77},[44,101320,129],{"class":115},[44,101322,37780],{"class":77},[44,101324,9447],{"class":115},[44,101326,101327,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101328,101329],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,101331,55],{"class":54},[44,101333,10629],{"class":115},[44,101335,2177],{"class":77},[44,101337,129],{"class":115},[44,101339,2579],{"class":77},[44,101341,9447],{"class":115},[44,101343,101344,101347,101349,101351,101353],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,101345,101346],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,101348,55],{"class":54},[44,101350,10629],{"class":115},[44,101352,2257],{"class":77},[44,101354,9447],{"class":115},[44,101356,101357,101360,101362,101364,101366,101368,101370],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,101358,101359],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,101361,55],{"class":54},[44,101363,10629],{"class":115},[44,101365,80724],{"class":77},[44,101367,129],{"class":115},[44,101369,6129],{"class":77},[44,101371,9447],{"class":115},[44,101373,101374],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,101375,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,101377,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388,101390,101393,101395,101398,101400,101403],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,101379,2351],{"class":50},[44,101381,55],{"class":54},[44,101383,4392],{"class":50},[44,101385,116],{"class":115},[44,101387,2934],{"class":119},[44,101389,123],{"class":115},[44,101391,101392],{"class":119},"group_a",[44,101394,129],{"class":115},[44,101396,101397],{"class":119}," group_b",[44,101399,129],{"class":115},[44,101401,101402],{"class":119}," group_c",[44,101404,135],{"class":115},[44,101406,101407,101409,101411,101413],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,101408,142],{"class":141},[44,101410,123],{"class":115},[44,101412,2386],{"class":119},[44,101414,135],{"class":115},[20,101416,155],{},[35,101418,101420],{"className":37,"code":101419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101421,101422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101423,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101425,1072],{"class":115},[44,101427,3111],{"class":77},[44,101429,129],{"class":115},[44,101431,2573],{"class":77},[44,101433,9447],{"class":115},[20,101435,101436],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45050,101438],{},[30,101440,101442,10724,101444],{"id":101441},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101443,100535],{},[15,101445,101446],{},"difference_update()",[20,101448,101449],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1474,101451,101452],{"id":2934},[15,101453,100535],{},[218,101455,101456,101459],{},[221,101457,101458],{},"Returns a new set",[221,101460,101461],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,101463,101465],{"className":37,"code":101464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101466,101467,101491,101507,101511,101529,101533,101543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101468,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101470,2676],{"class":50},[44,101472,55],{"class":54},[44,101474,10629],{"class":115},[44,101476,3111],{"class":77},[44,101478,129],{"class":115},[44,101480,3116],{"class":77},[44,101482,129],{"class":115},[44,101484,2573],{"class":77},[44,101486,129],{"class":115},[44,101488,2579],{"class":77},[44,101490,9447],{"class":115},[44,101492,101493,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101494,2704],{"class":50},[44,101496,55],{"class":54},[44,101498,10629],{"class":115},[44,101500,2183],{"class":77},[44,101502,129],{"class":115},[44,101504,2579],{"class":77},[44,101506,9447],{"class":115},[44,101508,101509],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,101510,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,101512,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,101514,2351],{"class":50},[44,101516,55],{"class":54},[44,101518,57018],{"class":50},[44,101520,116],{"class":115},[44,101522,2934],{"class":119},[44,101524,123],{"class":115},[44,101526,4891],{"class":119},[44,101528,135],{"class":115},[44,101530,101531],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,101532,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,101534,101535,101537,101539,101541],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,101536,142],{"class":141},[44,101538,123],{"class":115},[44,101540,2386],{"class":119},[44,101542,135],{"class":115},[44,101544,101545,101547,101549,101551],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,101546,142],{"class":141},[44,101548,123],{"class":115},[44,101550,200],{"class":119},[44,101552,135],{"class":115},[20,101554,155],{},[35,101556,101558],{"className":37,"code":101557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101559,101560,101572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101561,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101563,1072],{"class":115},[44,101565,3111],{"class":77},[44,101567,129],{"class":115},[44,101569,3116],{"class":77},[44,101571,9447],{"class":115},[44,101573,101574,101576,101578,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588,101590],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101575,1072],{"class":115},[44,101577,3111],{"class":77},[44,101579,129],{"class":115},[44,101581,3116],{"class":77},[44,101583,129],{"class":115},[44,101585,2573],{"class":77},[44,101587,129],{"class":115},[44,101589,2579],{"class":77},[44,101591,9447],{"class":115},[1474,101593,101595],{"id":101594},"difference_update",[15,101596,101446],{},[218,101598,101599,101602],{},[221,101600,101601],{},"Changes the original set",[221,101603,96439],{},[35,101605,101607],{"className":37,"code":101606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101608,101609,101633,101649,101653,101667,101671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101610,101611,101613,101615,101617,101619,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101612,2676],{"class":50},[44,101614,55],{"class":54},[44,101616,10629],{"class":115},[44,101618,3111],{"class":77},[44,101620,129],{"class":115},[44,101622,3116],{"class":77},[44,101624,129],{"class":115},[44,101626,2573],{"class":77},[44,101628,129],{"class":115},[44,101630,2579],{"class":77},[44,101632,9447],{"class":115},[44,101634,101635,101637,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101636,2704],{"class":50},[44,101638,55],{"class":54},[44,101640,10629],{"class":115},[44,101642,2183],{"class":77},[44,101644,129],{"class":115},[44,101646,2579],{"class":77},[44,101648,9447],{"class":115},[44,101650,101651],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,101652,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,101654,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663,101665],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,101656,200],{"class":50},[44,101658,116],{"class":115},[44,101660,101594],{"class":119},[44,101662,123],{"class":115},[44,101664,4891],{"class":119},[44,101666,135],{"class":115},[44,101668,101669],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,101670,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,101672,101673,101675,101677,101679],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,101674,142],{"class":141},[44,101676,123],{"class":115},[44,101678,200],{"class":119},[44,101680,135],{"class":115},[20,101682,155],{},[35,101684,101685],{"className":37,"code":100628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101686,101687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101688,101689,101691,101693,101695,101697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101690,1072],{"class":115},[44,101692,3111],{"class":77},[44,101694,129],{"class":115},[44,101696,3116],{"class":77},[44,101698,9447],{"class":115},[20,101700,189,101701,101703],{},[15,101702,100535],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101705,101706,101707,33737],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101708,101446],{},[45050,101710],{},[30,101712,101714,101716,101717,101719],{"id":101713},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101715,100535],{}," vs the ",[15,101718,2142],{}," operator",[20,101721,213,101722,101724,101725,101727],{},[15,101723,2142],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101726,100535],{}," for two sets.",[35,101729,101731],{"className":37,"code":101730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101732,101733,101757,101773,101777,101795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101734,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101736,2676],{"class":50},[44,101738,55],{"class":54},[44,101740,10629],{"class":115},[44,101742,3111],{"class":77},[44,101744,129],{"class":115},[44,101746,3116],{"class":77},[44,101748,129],{"class":115},[44,101750,2573],{"class":77},[44,101752,129],{"class":115},[44,101754,2579],{"class":77},[44,101756,9447],{"class":115},[44,101758,101759,101761,101763,101765,101767,101769,101771],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101760,2704],{"class":50},[44,101762,55],{"class":54},[44,101764,10629],{"class":115},[44,101766,2183],{"class":77},[44,101768,129],{"class":115},[44,101770,2579],{"class":77},[44,101772,9447],{"class":115},[44,101774,101775],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,101776,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,101778,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787,101789,101791,101793],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,101780,142],{"class":141},[44,101782,123],{"class":115},[44,101784,200],{"class":119},[44,101786,116],{"class":115},[44,101788,2934],{"class":119},[44,101790,123],{"class":115},[44,101792,4891],{"class":119},[44,101794,567],{"class":115},[44,101796,101797,101799,101801,101803,101805,101807],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,101798,142],{"class":141},[44,101800,123],{"class":115},[44,101802,2676],{"class":119},[44,101804,2142],{"class":54},[44,101806,2681],{"class":119},[44,101808,135],{"class":115},[20,101810,155],{},[35,101812,101814],{"className":37,"code":101813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101815,101816,101828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101817,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101819,1072],{"class":115},[44,101821,3111],{"class":77},[44,101823,129],{"class":115},[44,101825,3116],{"class":77},[44,101827,9447],{"class":115},[44,101829,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101831,1072],{"class":115},[44,101833,3111],{"class":77},[44,101835,129],{"class":115},[44,101837,3116],{"class":77},[44,101839,9447],{"class":115},[20,101841,101842],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101844,94709,101845,1995],{},[15,101846,100535],{},[218,101848,101849,101852,101855],{},[221,101850,101851],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[221,101853,101854],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[221,101856,101857],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101859,101860],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,101862,101864],{"className":37,"code":101863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101865,101866,101894,101906,101918,101922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101867,101868,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101869,2676],{"class":50},[44,101871,55],{"class":54},[44,101873,10629],{"class":115},[44,101875,3111],{"class":77},[44,101877,129],{"class":115},[44,101879,3116],{"class":77},[44,101881,129],{"class":115},[44,101883,2573],{"class":77},[44,101885,129],{"class":115},[44,101887,2579],{"class":77},[44,101889,129],{"class":115},[44,101891,4735],{"class":77},[44,101893,9447],{"class":115},[44,101895,101896,101898,101900,101902,101904],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,101897,2704],{"class":50},[44,101899,55],{"class":54},[44,101901,10629],{"class":115},[44,101903,2177],{"class":77},[44,101905,9447],{"class":115},[44,101907,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,101909,83315],{"class":50},[44,101911,55],{"class":54},[44,101913,10629],{"class":115},[44,101915,2626],{"class":77},[44,101917,9447],{"class":115},[44,101919,101920],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,101921,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,101923,101924,101926,101928,101930,101932,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,101925,142],{"class":141},[44,101927,123],{"class":115},[44,101929,200],{"class":119},[44,101931,116],{"class":115},[44,101933,2934],{"class":119},[44,101935,123],{"class":115},[44,101937,4891],{"class":119},[44,101939,129],{"class":115},[44,101941,9820],{"class":119},[44,101943,567],{"class":115},[20,101945,155],{},[35,101947,101949],{"className":37,"code":101948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101950,101951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101952,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101954,1072],{"class":115},[44,101956,3111],{"class":77},[44,101958,129],{"class":115},[44,101960,2573],{"class":77},[44,101962,129],{"class":115},[44,101964,4735],{"class":77},[44,101966,9447],{"class":115},[20,101968,101969,101970,101972],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101971,2142],{}," operator expression.",[45050,101974],{},[30,101976,4648],{"id":4647},[20,101978,21349,101979,116],{},[15,101980,100535],{},[1474,101982,101984],{"id":101983},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101986,4758,101987,101989,101990,790],{},[153,101988,4761],{}," change ",[15,101991,200],{},[35,101993,101995],{"className":37,"code":101994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101996,101997,102017,102029,102033,102047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101998,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007,102009,102011,102013,102015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102000,2676],{"class":50},[44,102002,55],{"class":54},[44,102004,10629],{"class":115},[44,102006,3111],{"class":77},[44,102008,129],{"class":115},[44,102010,3116],{"class":77},[44,102012,129],{"class":115},[44,102014,2573],{"class":77},[44,102016,9447],{"class":115},[44,102018,102019,102021,102023,102025,102027],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102020,2704],{"class":50},[44,102022,55],{"class":54},[44,102024,10629],{"class":115},[44,102026,2183],{"class":77},[44,102028,9447],{"class":115},[44,102030,102031],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,102032,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,102034,102035,102037,102039,102041,102043,102045],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,102036,200],{"class":50},[44,102038,116],{"class":115},[44,102040,2934],{"class":119},[44,102042,123],{"class":115},[44,102044,4891],{"class":119},[44,102046,135],{"class":115},[44,102048,102049,102051,102053,102055],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,102050,142],{"class":141},[44,102052,123],{"class":115},[44,102054,200],{"class":119},[44,102056,135],{"class":115},[20,102058,155],{},[35,102060,102061],{"className":37,"code":96728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102062,102063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102064,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075,102077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102066,1072],{"class":115},[44,102068,3111],{"class":77},[44,102070,129],{"class":115},[44,102072,3116],{"class":77},[44,102074,129],{"class":115},[44,102076,2573],{"class":77},[44,102078,9447],{"class":115},[20,102080,102081],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,102083,102085],{"className":37,"code":102084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102086,102087,102107,102119,102123,102141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102088,102089,102091,102093,102095,102097,102099,102101,102103,102105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102090,2676],{"class":50},[44,102092,55],{"class":54},[44,102094,10629],{"class":115},[44,102096,3111],{"class":77},[44,102098,129],{"class":115},[44,102100,3116],{"class":77},[44,102102,129],{"class":115},[44,102104,2573],{"class":77},[44,102106,9447],{"class":115},[44,102108,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102110,2704],{"class":50},[44,102112,55],{"class":54},[44,102114,10629],{"class":115},[44,102116,2183],{"class":77},[44,102118,9447],{"class":115},[44,102120,102121],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,102122,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,102124,102125,102127,102129,102131,102133,102135,102137,102139],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,102126,2676],{"class":50},[44,102128,55],{"class":54},[44,102130,57018],{"class":50},[44,102132,116],{"class":115},[44,102134,2934],{"class":119},[44,102136,123],{"class":115},[44,102138,4891],{"class":119},[44,102140,135],{"class":115},[44,102142,102143,102145,102147,102149],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,102144,142],{"class":141},[44,102146,123],{"class":115},[44,102148,200],{"class":119},[44,102150,135],{"class":115},[20,102152,155],{},[35,102154,102155],{"className":37,"code":100628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102156,102157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102158,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102160,1072],{"class":115},[44,102162,3111],{"class":77},[44,102164,129],{"class":115},[44,102166,3116],{"class":77},[44,102168,9447],{"class":115},[1474,102170,102172],{"id":102171},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102174,102175,102178],{},[15,102176,102177],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[218,102180,102181,102186],{},[221,102182,102183,102184],{},"keep items from ",[15,102185,200],{},[221,102187,102188,102189],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102190,4891],{},[20,102192,41043,102193,102195,102196,102198],{},[153,102194,4761],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102197,4891],{},"”.",[20,102200,238],{},[35,102202,102204],{"className":37,"code":102203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102205,102206,102226,102246,102250,102268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102207,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218,102220,102222,102224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102209,2676],{"class":50},[44,102211,55],{"class":54},[44,102213,10629],{"class":115},[44,102215,3111],{"class":77},[44,102217,129],{"class":115},[44,102219,3116],{"class":77},[44,102221,129],{"class":115},[44,102223,2573],{"class":77},[44,102225,9447],{"class":115},[44,102227,102228,102230,102232,102234,102236,102238,102240,102242,102244],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102229,2704],{"class":50},[44,102231,55],{"class":54},[44,102233,10629],{"class":115},[44,102235,2183],{"class":77},[44,102237,129],{"class":115},[44,102239,2579],{"class":77},[44,102241,129],{"class":115},[44,102243,4735],{"class":77},[44,102245,9447],{"class":115},[44,102247,102248],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,102249,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,102251,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260,102262,102264,102266],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,102253,142],{"class":141},[44,102255,123],{"class":115},[44,102257,200],{"class":119},[44,102259,116],{"class":115},[44,102261,2934],{"class":119},[44,102263,123],{"class":115},[44,102265,4891],{"class":119},[44,102267,567],{"class":115},[44,102269,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282,102284],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,102271,142],{"class":141},[44,102273,123],{"class":115},[44,102275,4891],{"class":119},[44,102277,116],{"class":115},[44,102279,2934],{"class":119},[44,102281,123],{"class":115},[44,102283,200],{"class":119},[44,102285,567],{"class":115},[20,102287,155],{},[35,102289,102291],{"className":37,"code":102290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102292,102293,102305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102294,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102296,1072],{"class":115},[44,102298,3111],{"class":77},[44,102300,129],{"class":115},[44,102302,3116],{"class":77},[44,102304,9447],{"class":115},[44,102306,102307,102309,102311,102313,102315],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102308,1072],{"class":115},[44,102310,2626],{"class":77},[44,102312,129],{"class":115},[44,102314,4735],{"class":77},[44,102316,9447],{"class":115},[20,102318,102319],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1474,102321,102323],{"id":102322},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102325,102326,102328],{},[15,102327,100535],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102330,55449],{},[35,102332,102334],{"className":37,"code":102333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102335,102336,102356,102372,102376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102337,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352,102354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102339,2676],{"class":50},[44,102341,55],{"class":54},[44,102343,3744],{"class":115},[44,102345,3111],{"class":77},[44,102347,129],{"class":115},[44,102349,3116],{"class":77},[44,102351,129],{"class":115},[44,102353,2573],{"class":77},[44,102355,3757],{"class":115},[44,102357,102358,102360,102362,102364,102366,102368,102370],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102359,2704],{"class":50},[44,102361,55],{"class":54},[44,102363,3744],{"class":115},[44,102365,2183],{"class":77},[44,102367,129],{"class":115},[44,102369,2579],{"class":77},[44,102371,3757],{"class":115},[44,102373,102374],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,102375,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,102377,102378],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,102379,102380],{"class":3787},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102382,102383],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,102385,102387],{"className":37,"code":102386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102388,102389,102409,102425,102429,102455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403,102405,102407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102392,2676],{"class":50},[44,102394,55],{"class":54},[44,102396,3744],{"class":115},[44,102398,3111],{"class":77},[44,102400,129],{"class":115},[44,102402,3116],{"class":77},[44,102404,129],{"class":115},[44,102406,2573],{"class":77},[44,102408,3757],{"class":115},[44,102410,102411,102413,102415,102417,102419,102421,102423],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102412,2704],{"class":50},[44,102414,55],{"class":54},[44,102416,3744],{"class":115},[44,102418,2183],{"class":77},[44,102420,129],{"class":115},[44,102422,2579],{"class":77},[44,102424,3757],{"class":115},[44,102426,102427],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,102428,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,102430,102431,102433,102435,102437,102439,102441,102443,102445,102447,102449,102451,102453],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,102432,2351],{"class":50},[44,102434,55],{"class":54},[44,102436,15771],{"class":1296},[44,102438,123],{"class":115},[44,102440,200],{"class":119},[44,102442,8770],{"class":115},[44,102444,2934],{"class":119},[44,102446,123],{"class":115},[44,102448,6423],{"class":1296},[44,102450,123],{"class":115},[44,102452,4891],{"class":119},[44,102454,567],{"class":115},[44,102456,102457,102459,102461,102463],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,102458,142],{"class":141},[44,102460,123],{"class":115},[44,102462,2386],{"class":119},[44,102464,135],{"class":115},[20,102466,155],{},[35,102468,102469],{"className":37,"code":100628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,102470,102471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102472,102473,102475,102477,102479,102481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102474,1072],{"class":115},[44,102476,3111],{"class":77},[44,102478,129],{"class":115},[44,102480,3116],{"class":77},[44,102482,9447],{"class":115},[1474,102484,102486],{"id":102485},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102488,102489],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,102491,102493],{"className":37,"code":102492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102494,102495,102527,102543,102547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102496,102497,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523,102525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102498,2676],{"class":50},[44,102500,55],{"class":54},[44,102502,10629],{"class":115},[44,102504,112],{"class":58},[44,102506,417],{"class":62},[44,102508,112],{"class":58},[44,102510,129],{"class":115},[44,102512,59],{"class":58},[44,102514,58258],{"class":62},[44,102516,112],{"class":58},[44,102518,129],{"class":115},[44,102520,59],{"class":58},[44,102522,58275],{"class":62},[44,102524,112],{"class":58},[44,102526,9447],{"class":115},[44,102528,102529,102531,102533,102535,102537,102539,102541],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102530,2704],{"class":50},[44,102532,55],{"class":54},[44,102534,10629],{"class":115},[44,102536,112],{"class":58},[44,102538,58258],{"class":62},[44,102540,112],{"class":58},[44,102542,9447],{"class":115},[44,102544,102545],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,102546,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,102548,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557,102559,102561,102563],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,102550,142],{"class":141},[44,102552,123],{"class":115},[44,102554,200],{"class":119},[44,102556,116],{"class":115},[44,102558,2934],{"class":119},[44,102560,123],{"class":115},[44,102562,4891],{"class":119},[44,102564,567],{"class":115},[20,102566,102567],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1474,102569,102571],{"id":102570},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102573,102574],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,102576,102578],{"className":37,"code":102577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102579,102580,102608,102620,102624,102634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102581,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102583,2676],{"class":50},[44,102585,55],{"class":54},[44,102587,10629],{"class":115},[44,102589,3111],{"class":77},[44,102591,129],{"class":115},[44,102593,5632],{"class":77},[44,102595,129],{"class":115},[44,102597,3116],{"class":77},[44,102599,129],{"class":115},[44,102601,3116],{"class":77},[44,102603,129],{"class":115},[44,102605,2573],{"class":77},[44,102607,9447],{"class":115},[44,102609,102610,102612,102614,102616,102618],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102611,2704],{"class":50},[44,102613,55],{"class":54},[44,102615,10629],{"class":115},[44,102617,2183],{"class":77},[44,102619,9447],{"class":115},[44,102621,102622],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,102623,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,102625,102626,102628,102630,102632],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,102627,142],{"class":141},[44,102629,123],{"class":115},[44,102631,200],{"class":119},[44,102633,135],{"class":115},[44,102635,102636,102638,102640,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,102637,142],{"class":141},[44,102639,123],{"class":115},[44,102641,200],{"class":119},[44,102643,116],{"class":115},[44,102645,2934],{"class":119},[44,102647,123],{"class":115},[44,102649,4891],{"class":119},[44,102651,567],{"class":115},[20,102653,155],{},[35,102655,102657],{"className":37,"code":102656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102658,102659,102675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102660,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102662,1072],{"class":115},[44,102664,3111],{"class":77},[44,102666,129],{"class":115},[44,102668,3116],{"class":77},[44,102670,129],{"class":115},[44,102672,2573],{"class":77},[44,102674,9447],{"class":115},[44,102676,102677,102679,102681,102683,102685],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102678,1072],{"class":115},[44,102680,3111],{"class":77},[44,102682,129],{"class":115},[44,102684,3116],{"class":77},[44,102686,9447],{"class":115},[20,102688,102689,102690,102692],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102691,100535],{}," runs.",[1474,102694,102696],{"id":102695},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102698,102699],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,102701,102703],{"className":37,"code":102702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102704,102705,102729,102749,102753,102763,102773,102791,102813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102706,102707,102709,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102708,2676],{"class":50},[44,102710,55],{"class":54},[44,102712,10629],{"class":115},[44,102714,3111],{"class":77},[44,102716,129],{"class":115},[44,102718,3116],{"class":77},[44,102720,129],{"class":115},[44,102722,2573],{"class":77},[44,102724,129],{"class":115},[44,102726,2579],{"class":77},[44,102728,9447],{"class":115},[44,102730,102731,102733,102735,102737,102739,102741,102743,102745,102747],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,102732,2704],{"class":50},[44,102734,55],{"class":54},[44,102736,10629],{"class":115},[44,102738,2183],{"class":77},[44,102740,129],{"class":115},[44,102742,2579],{"class":77},[44,102744,129],{"class":115},[44,102746,4735],{"class":77},[44,102748,9447],{"class":115},[44,102750,102751],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,102752,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,102754,102755,102757,102759,102761],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,102756,142],{"class":141},[44,102758,123],{"class":115},[44,102760,200],{"class":119},[44,102762,135],{"class":115},[44,102764,102765,102767,102769,102771],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,102766,142],{"class":141},[44,102768,123],{"class":115},[44,102770,4891],{"class":119},[44,102772,135],{"class":115},[44,102774,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785,102787,102789],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,102776,142],{"class":141},[44,102778,123],{"class":115},[44,102780,200],{"class":119},[44,102782,116],{"class":115},[44,102784,2934],{"class":119},[44,102786,123],{"class":115},[44,102788,4891],{"class":119},[44,102790,567],{"class":115},[44,102792,102793,102795,102797,102799,102801,102803,102805,102807,102809,102811],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,102794,142],{"class":141},[44,102796,123],{"class":115},[44,102798,1297],{"class":1296},[44,102800,123],{"class":115},[44,102802,200],{"class":119},[44,102804,116],{"class":115},[44,102806,2934],{"class":119},[44,102808,123],{"class":115},[44,102810,4891],{"class":119},[44,102812,3034],{"class":115},[44,102814,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,102816,142],{"class":141},[44,102818,123],{"class":115},[44,102820,11302],{"class":141},[44,102822,123],{"class":115},[44,102824,200],{"class":119},[44,102826,116],{"class":115},[44,102828,2934],{"class":119},[44,102830,123],{"class":115},[44,102832,4891],{"class":119},[44,102834,3034],{"class":115},[20,102836,11311],{},[218,102838,102839,102842,102845,102848],{},[221,102840,102841],{},"what is in each set",[221,102843,102844],{},"what result Python creates",[221,102846,102847],{},"that the result is a set",[221,102849,102850],{},"how many items remain",[45050,102852],{},[30,102854,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,102856,12844,102858,102860],{"id":102857},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102859,100535],{}," change the original set?",[20,102862,102863],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1474,102865,5312,102867,536,102869,1995],{"id":102866},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102868,100535],{},[15,102870,101446],{},[20,102872,102873,102875,102876,102878],{},[15,102874,100535],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102877,101446],{}," modifies the original set.",[1474,102880,28464,102882,102884],{"id":102881},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102883,100535],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102886,102887],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1474,102889,102891],{"id":102890},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102893,102894],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45050,102896],{},[30,102898,2019],{"id":2018},[218,102900,102901,102905,102913],{},[221,102902,102903],{},[200,102904,96449],{"href":97620},[221,102906,102907],{},[200,102908,96935,102910,10880],{"href":102909},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102911,102912],{},"intersection()",[221,102914,102915],{},[200,102916,96935,102918,10880],{"href":102917},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102919,102920],{},"union()",[2048,102922,102923],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":102925},[102926,102927,102929,102930,102931,102932,102934,102939,102941,102949,102958],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":100657,"depth":69,"text":102928},"What difference() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":101276,"depth":69,"text":102933},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101441,"depth":69,"text":102935,"children":102936},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102937,102938],{"id":2934,"depth":81,"text":100535},{"id":101594,"depth":81,"text":101446},{"id":101713,"depth":69,"text":102940},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":102942},[102943,102944,102945,102946,102947,102948],{"id":101983,"depth":81,"text":101984},{"id":102171,"depth":81,"text":102172},{"id":102322,"depth":81,"text":102323},{"id":102485,"depth":81,"text":102486},{"id":102570,"depth":81,"text":102571},{"id":102695,"depth":81,"text":102696},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":102950},[102951,102953,102955,102957],{"id":102857,"depth":81,"text":102952},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102866,"depth":81,"text":102954},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102881,"depth":81,"text":102956},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102890,"depth":81,"text":102891},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100527,"description":102959},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102966,"title":102967,"body":102968,"description":104663,"extension":2084,"meta":104664,"navigation":84,"path":104665,"seo":104666,"stem":104667,"__hash__":104668},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102969,"toc":104625},[102970,102976,102982,102995,102997,103098,103100,103145,103150,103155,103159,103173,103176,103184,103186,103205,103223,103227,103280,103282,103303,103310,103315,103342,103349,103448,103450,103487,103495,103499,103505,103508,103581,103583,103591,103596,103665,103667,103692,103694,103697,103800,103802,103863,103866,103870,103876,103949,103951,103984,103987,103990,104030,104036,104059,104064,104068,104079,104082,104084,104088,104094,104096,104153,104163,104165,104218,104225,104230,104298,104306,104312,104316,104318,104357,104362,104411,104415,104418,104420,104459,104462,104464,104469,104526,104528,104542,104544,104548,104554,104559,104564,104571,104582,104588,104593,104595,104622],[10,102971,96321,102973,18],{"id":102972},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102974,102975],{},"discard()",[20,102977,102978,102981],{},[15,102979,102980],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102983,102984,102985,2310,102990,14191,102992,102994],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[200,102986,102987],{"href":98330},[15,102988,102989],{},"set.remove()",[15,102991,102975],{},[153,102993,4761],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[30,102996,33],{"id":32},[35,102998,103000],{"className":37,"code":102999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103001,103002,103034,103053,103063,103067,103088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103003,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103005,13213],{"class":50},[44,103007,55],{"class":54},[44,103009,10629],{"class":115},[44,103011,112],{"class":58},[44,103013,13230],{"class":62},[44,103015,112],{"class":58},[44,103017,129],{"class":115},[44,103019,59],{"class":58},[44,103021,13247],{"class":62},[44,103023,112],{"class":58},[44,103025,129],{"class":115},[44,103027,59],{"class":58},[44,103029,17592],{"class":62},[44,103031,112],{"class":58},[44,103033,9447],{"class":115},[44,103035,103036,103038,103040,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103037,17639],{"class":50},[44,103039,116],{"class":115},[44,103041,103042],{"class":119},"discard",[44,103044,123],{"class":115},[44,103046,112],{"class":58},[44,103048,13247],{"class":62},[44,103050,112],{"class":58},[44,103052,135],{"class":115},[44,103054,103055,103057,103059,103061],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,103056,142],{"class":141},[44,103058,123],{"class":115},[44,103060,17639],{"class":119},[44,103062,135],{"class":115},[44,103064,103065],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,103066,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103068,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,103070,17639],{"class":50},[44,103072,116],{"class":115},[44,103074,103042],{"class":119},[44,103076,123],{"class":115},[44,103078,112],{"class":58},[44,103080,22659],{"class":62},[44,103082,112],{"class":58},[44,103084,3784],{"class":115},[44,103086,103087],{"class":3787},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,103089,103090,103092,103094,103096],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,103091,142],{"class":141},[44,103093,123],{"class":115},[44,103095,17639],{"class":119},[44,103097,135],{"class":115},[20,103099,30166],{},[35,103101,103103],{"className":37,"code":103102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103104,103105,103125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103106,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103108,1072],{"class":115},[44,103110,1338],{"class":58},[44,103112,13230],{"class":62},[44,103114,1338],{"class":58},[44,103116,129],{"class":115},[44,103118,1332],{"class":58},[44,103120,17592],{"class":62},[44,103122,1338],{"class":58},[44,103124,9447],{"class":115},[44,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103128,1072],{"class":115},[44,103130,1338],{"class":58},[44,103132,13230],{"class":62},[44,103134,1338],{"class":58},[44,103136,129],{"class":115},[44,103138,1332],{"class":58},[44,103140,17592],{"class":62},[44,103142,1338],{"class":58},[44,103144,9447],{"class":115},[20,103146,189,103147,103149],{},[15,103148,102975],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[30,103151,3802,103153,3805],{"id":103152},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103154,102980],{},[20,103156,103157,790],{},[15,103158,102975],{},[218,103160,103161,103164,103167,103169],{},[221,103162,103163],{},"Removes one item from a set",[221,103165,103166],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[221,103168,96436],{},[221,103170,11563,103171],{},[15,103172,3904],{},[20,103174,103175],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103177,96445,103178,3000,103181,116],{},[200,103179,103180],{"href":98912},"what a set is in Python",[200,103182,103183],{"href":98004},"how to create a set",[30,103185,351],{"id":350},[35,103187,103189],{"className":37,"code":103188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103190,103191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103192,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103194,15804],{"class":50},[44,103196,116],{"class":115},[44,103198,103042],{"class":119},[44,103200,123],{"class":115},[44,103202,379],{"class":119},[44,103204,135],{"class":115},[218,103206,103207,103212,103217,103220],{},[221,103208,103209,103211],{},[15,103210,15804],{}," is the set you want to change",[221,103213,103214,103216],{},[15,103215,379],{}," is the item you want to remove",[221,103218,103219],{},"The set must already exist",[221,103221,103222],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1474,103224,103226],{"id":103225},"example","Example",[35,103228,103230],{"className":37,"code":103229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103231,103232,103256,103270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103233,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250,103252,103254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103235,3739],{"class":50},[44,103237,55],{"class":54},[44,103239,10629],{"class":115},[44,103241,3111],{"class":77},[44,103243,129],{"class":115},[44,103245,3116],{"class":77},[44,103247,129],{"class":115},[44,103249,2573],{"class":77},[44,103251,129],{"class":115},[44,103253,2579],{"class":77},[44,103255,9447],{"class":115},[44,103257,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103259,3771],{"class":50},[44,103261,116],{"class":115},[44,103263,103042],{"class":119},[44,103265,123],{"class":115},[44,103267,2183],{"class":77},[44,103269,135],{"class":115},[44,103271,103272,103274,103276,103278],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,103273,142],{"class":141},[44,103275,123],{"class":115},[44,103277,3771],{"class":119},[44,103279,135],{"class":115},[20,103281,155],{},[35,103283,103285],{"className":37,"code":103284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103286,103287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103288,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103290,1072],{"class":115},[44,103292,3111],{"class":77},[44,103294,129],{"class":115},[44,103296,3116],{"class":77},[44,103298,129],{"class":115},[44,103300,2579],{"class":77},[44,103302,9447],{"class":115},[30,103304,103306,103307,103309],{"id":103305},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103308,102975],{}," different",[20,103311,103312,103314],{},[15,103313,102975],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[218,103316,103317,103330,103339],{},[221,103318,103319,103320,2310,103324,103326,103327,103329],{},"Unlike ",[200,103321,103322],{"href":98330},[15,103323,55659],{},[15,103325,102975],{}," does not raise ",[15,103328,19825],{}," when the item is missing",[221,103331,103319,103332,2310,103336,103338],{},[200,103333,103334],{"href":98335},[15,103335,12902],{},[15,103337,102975],{}," removes a specific item",[221,103340,103341],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1474,103343,103345,10724,103347],{"id":103344},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103346,102975],{},[15,103348,55659],{},[35,103350,103352],{"className":37,"code":103351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103353,103354,103378,103382,103403,103413,103417,103438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103355,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103357,7917],{"class":50},[44,103359,55],{"class":54},[44,103361,10629],{"class":115},[44,103363,112],{"class":58},[44,103365,4207],{"class":62},[44,103367,112],{"class":58},[44,103369,129],{"class":115},[44,103371,59],{"class":58},[44,103373,4216],{"class":62},[44,103375,112],{"class":58},[44,103377,9447],{"class":115},[44,103379,103380],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103381,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103383,103384,103386,103388,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,103385,7948],{"class":50},[44,103387,116],{"class":115},[44,103389,103042],{"class":119},[44,103391,123],{"class":115},[44,103393,112],{"class":58},[44,103395,33357],{"class":62},[44,103397,112],{"class":58},[44,103399,3784],{"class":115},[44,103401,103402],{"class":3787},"   # no error\n",[44,103404,103405,103407,103409,103411],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,103406,142],{"class":141},[44,103408,123],{"class":115},[44,103410,7948],{"class":119},[44,103412,135],{"class":115},[44,103414,103415],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,103416,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103418,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433,103435],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,103420,7948],{"class":50},[44,103422,116],{"class":115},[44,103424,34930],{"class":119},[44,103426,123],{"class":115},[44,103428,112],{"class":58},[44,103430,4216],{"class":62},[44,103432,112],{"class":58},[44,103434,3784],{"class":115},[44,103436,103437],{"class":3787},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,103439,103440,103442,103444,103446],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,103441,142],{"class":141},[44,103443,123],{"class":115},[44,103445,7948],{"class":119},[44,103447,135],{"class":115},[20,103449,155],{},[35,103451,103453],{"className":37,"code":103452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103454,103455,103475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103456,103457,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103458,1072],{"class":115},[44,103460,1338],{"class":58},[44,103462,4207],{"class":62},[44,103464,1338],{"class":58},[44,103466,129],{"class":115},[44,103468,1332],{"class":58},[44,103470,4216],{"class":62},[44,103472,1338],{"class":58},[44,103474,9447],{"class":115},[44,103476,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103478,1072],{"class":115},[44,103480,1338],{"class":58},[44,103482,4207],{"class":62},[44,103484,1338],{"class":58},[44,103486,9447],{"class":115},[20,103488,40481,103489,103491,103492,103494],{},[15,103490,55659],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[200,103493,11215],{"href":11214}," for more help with that case.",[30,103496,103498],{"id":103497},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103500,103501,2518,103503,116],{},[15,103502,102975],{},[15,103504,3904],{},[20,103506,103507],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,103509,103511],{"className":37,"code":103510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103512,103513,103545,103567,103571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103514,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527,103529,103531,103533,103535,103537,103539,103541,103543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103516,13213],{"class":50},[44,103518,55],{"class":54},[44,103520,10629],{"class":115},[44,103522,112],{"class":58},[44,103524,13230],{"class":62},[44,103526,112],{"class":58},[44,103528,129],{"class":115},[44,103530,59],{"class":58},[44,103532,13247],{"class":62},[44,103534,112],{"class":58},[44,103536,129],{"class":115},[44,103538,59],{"class":58},[44,103540,17592],{"class":62},[44,103542,112],{"class":58},[44,103544,9447],{"class":115},[44,103546,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103548,2351],{"class":50},[44,103550,55],{"class":54},[44,103552,13261],{"class":50},[44,103554,116],{"class":115},[44,103556,103042],{"class":119},[44,103558,123],{"class":115},[44,103560,112],{"class":58},[44,103562,13247],{"class":62},[44,103564,112],{"class":58},[44,103566,135],{"class":115},[44,103568,103569],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,103570,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103572,103573,103575,103577,103579],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,103574,142],{"class":141},[44,103576,123],{"class":115},[44,103578,2386],{"class":119},[44,103580,135],{"class":115},[20,103582,155],{},[35,103584,103585],{"className":37,"code":11948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103586,103587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103588,103589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103590,11948],{"class":3978},[20,103592,103593,103594,790],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103595,17639],{},[35,103597,103599],{"className":37,"code":103598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103600,103601,103633,103651,103655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103602,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103604,13213],{"class":50},[44,103606,55],{"class":54},[44,103608,10629],{"class":115},[44,103610,112],{"class":58},[44,103612,13230],{"class":62},[44,103614,112],{"class":58},[44,103616,129],{"class":115},[44,103618,59],{"class":58},[44,103620,13247],{"class":62},[44,103622,112],{"class":58},[44,103624,129],{"class":115},[44,103626,59],{"class":58},[44,103628,17592],{"class":62},[44,103630,112],{"class":58},[44,103632,9447],{"class":115},[44,103634,103635,103637,103639,103641,103643,103645,103647,103649],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103636,17639],{"class":50},[44,103638,116],{"class":115},[44,103640,103042],{"class":119},[44,103642,123],{"class":115},[44,103644,112],{"class":58},[44,103646,13247],{"class":62},[44,103648,112],{"class":58},[44,103650,135],{"class":115},[44,103652,103653],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,103654,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103656,103657,103659,103661,103663],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,103658,142],{"class":141},[44,103660,123],{"class":115},[44,103662,17639],{"class":119},[44,103664,135],{"class":115},[20,103666,155],{},[35,103668,103670],{"className":37,"code":103669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103671,103672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103673,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682,103684,103686,103688,103690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103675,1072],{"class":115},[44,103677,1338],{"class":58},[44,103679,13230],{"class":62},[44,103681,1338],{"class":58},[44,103683,129],{"class":115},[44,103685,1332],{"class":58},[44,103687,17592],{"class":62},[44,103689,1338],{"class":58},[44,103691,9447],{"class":115},[30,103693,11615],{"id":11614},[20,103695,103696],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,103698,103700],{"className":37,"code":103699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103701,103702,103734,103738,103756,103760,103778,103782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103703,103704,103706,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103705,36376],{"class":50},[44,103707,55],{"class":54},[44,103709,10629],{"class":115},[44,103711,112],{"class":58},[44,103713,4207],{"class":62},[44,103715,112],{"class":58},[44,103717,129],{"class":115},[44,103719,59],{"class":58},[44,103721,4216],{"class":62},[44,103723,112],{"class":58},[44,103725,129],{"class":115},[44,103727,59],{"class":58},[44,103729,33357],{"class":62},[44,103731,112],{"class":58},[44,103733,9447],{"class":115},[44,103735,103736],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103737,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103739,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,103741,142],{"class":141},[44,103743,123],{"class":115},[44,103745,112],{"class":58},[44,103747,11703],{"class":62},[44,103749,112],{"class":58},[44,103751,129],{"class":115},[44,103753,52981],{"class":119},[44,103755,135],{"class":115},[44,103757,103758],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,103759,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103761,103762,103764,103766,103768,103770,103772,103774,103776],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,103763,36428],{"class":50},[44,103765,116],{"class":115},[44,103767,103042],{"class":119},[44,103769,123],{"class":115},[44,103771,112],{"class":58},[44,103773,4216],{"class":62},[44,103775,112],{"class":58},[44,103777,135],{"class":115},[44,103779,103780],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,103781,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103783,103784,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796,103798],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,103785,142],{"class":141},[44,103787,123],{"class":115},[44,103789,112],{"class":58},[44,103791,11743],{"class":62},[44,103793,112],{"class":58},[44,103795,129],{"class":115},[44,103797,52981],{"class":119},[44,103799,135],{"class":115},[20,103801,155],{},[35,103803,103805],{"className":37,"code":103804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103806,103807,103839],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103808,103809,103811,103813,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835,103837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103810,11763],{"class":50},[44,103812,790],{"class":115},[44,103814,10629],{"class":115},[44,103816,1338],{"class":58},[44,103818,4216],{"class":62},[44,103820,1338],{"class":58},[44,103822,129],{"class":115},[44,103824,1332],{"class":58},[44,103826,4207],{"class":62},[44,103828,1338],{"class":58},[44,103830,129],{"class":115},[44,103832,1332],{"class":58},[44,103834,33357],{"class":62},[44,103836,1338],{"class":58},[44,103838,9447],{"class":115},[44,103840,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103842,11816],{"class":50},[44,103844,790],{"class":115},[44,103846,10629],{"class":115},[44,103848,1338],{"class":58},[44,103850,4207],{"class":62},[44,103852,1338],{"class":58},[44,103854,129],{"class":115},[44,103856,1332],{"class":58},[44,103858,33357],{"class":62},[44,103860,1338],{"class":58},[44,103862,9447],{"class":115},[20,103864,103865],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[30,103867,103869],{"id":103868},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103871,103872,103873,103875],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103874,102975],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,103877,103879],{"className":37,"code":103878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103880,103881,103913,103917,103935,103939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103882,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893,103895,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103884,36376],{"class":50},[44,103886,55],{"class":54},[44,103888,10629],{"class":115},[44,103890,112],{"class":58},[44,103892,4207],{"class":62},[44,103894,112],{"class":58},[44,103896,129],{"class":115},[44,103898,59],{"class":58},[44,103900,4216],{"class":62},[44,103902,112],{"class":58},[44,103904,129],{"class":115},[44,103906,59],{"class":58},[44,103908,33357],{"class":62},[44,103910,112],{"class":58},[44,103912,9447],{"class":115},[44,103914,103915],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,103916,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103918,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,103920,36428],{"class":50},[44,103922,116],{"class":115},[44,103924,103042],{"class":119},[44,103926,123],{"class":115},[44,103928,112],{"class":58},[44,103930,22668],{"class":62},[44,103932,112],{"class":58},[44,103934,135],{"class":115},[44,103936,103937],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,103938,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,103940,103941,103943,103945,103947],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,103942,142],{"class":141},[44,103944,123],{"class":115},[44,103946,36428],{"class":119},[44,103948,135],{"class":115},[20,103950,155],{},[35,103952,103954],{"className":37,"code":103953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103955,103956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103957,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980,103982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103959,1072],{"class":115},[44,103961,1338],{"class":58},[44,103963,4216],{"class":62},[44,103965,1338],{"class":58},[44,103967,129],{"class":115},[44,103969,1332],{"class":58},[44,103971,4207],{"class":62},[44,103973,1338],{"class":58},[44,103975,129],{"class":115},[44,103977,1332],{"class":58},[44,103979,33357],{"class":62},[44,103981,1338],{"class":58},[44,103983,9447],{"class":115},[20,103985,103986],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103988,103989],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,103991,103993],{"className":37,"code":103992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103994,103995,104011],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103996,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007,104009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103998,7135],{"class":4003},[44,104000,59],{"class":58},[44,104002,22668],{"class":62},[44,104004,112],{"class":58},[44,104006,21311],{"class":54},[44,104008,52981],{"class":50},[44,104010,6530],{"class":115},[44,104012,104013,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026,104028],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104014,104015],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,104017,116],{"class":115},[44,104019,34930],{"class":119},[44,104021,123],{"class":115},[44,104023,112],{"class":58},[44,104025,22668],{"class":62},[44,104027,112],{"class":58},[44,104029,135],{"class":115},[20,104031,104032,104033,104035],{},"With ",[15,104034,102975],{},", you can simply write:",[35,104037,104039],{"className":37,"code":104038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,104040,104041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104042,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104044,36428],{"class":50},[44,104046,116],{"class":115},[44,104048,103042],{"class":119},[44,104050,123],{"class":115},[44,104052,112],{"class":58},[44,104054,22668],{"class":62},[44,104056,112],{"class":58},[44,104058,135],{"class":115},[30,104060,5092,104062],{"id":104061},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104063,102975],{},[20,104065,189,104066,10740],{},[15,104067,102975],{},[218,104069,104070,104073,104076],{},[221,104071,104072],{},"Missing values are normal",[221,104074,104075],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[221,104077,104078],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104080,104081],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[30,104083,1467],{"id":1466},[20,104085,8586,104086,116],{},[15,104087,102975],{},[1474,104089,1707,104091,104093],{"id":104090},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104092,102975],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104095,4655],{},[35,104097,104099],{"className":37,"code":104098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104100,104101,104121,104139,104143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104102,104103,104105,104107,104109,104111,104113,104115,104117,104119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104104,3739],{"class":50},[44,104106,55],{"class":54},[44,104108,10629],{"class":115},[44,104110,3111],{"class":77},[44,104112,129],{"class":115},[44,104114,3116],{"class":77},[44,104116,129],{"class":115},[44,104118,2573],{"class":77},[44,104120,9447],{"class":115},[44,104122,104123,104125,104127,104129,104131,104133,104135,104137],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104124,3739],{"class":50},[44,104126,55],{"class":54},[44,104128,4392],{"class":50},[44,104130,116],{"class":115},[44,104132,103042],{"class":119},[44,104134,123],{"class":115},[44,104136,2177],{"class":77},[44,104138,135],{"class":115},[44,104140,104141],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,104142,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,104144,104145,104147,104149,104151],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,104146,142],{"class":141},[44,104148,123],{"class":115},[44,104150,3771],{"class":119},[44,104152,135],{"class":115},[20,104154,104155,42293,104157,8740,104159,2518,104161,116],{},[15,104156,3771],{},[15,104158,3904],{},[15,104160,102975],{},[15,104162,3904],{},[20,104164,18978],{},[35,104166,104168],{"className":37,"code":104167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104169,104170,104190,104204,104208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104171,104172,104174,104176,104178,104180,104182,104184,104186,104188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104173,3739],{"class":50},[44,104175,55],{"class":54},[44,104177,10629],{"class":115},[44,104179,3111],{"class":77},[44,104181,129],{"class":115},[44,104183,3116],{"class":77},[44,104185,129],{"class":115},[44,104187,2573],{"class":77},[44,104189,9447],{"class":115},[44,104191,104192,104194,104196,104198,104200,104202],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104193,3771],{"class":50},[44,104195,116],{"class":115},[44,104197,103042],{"class":119},[44,104199,123],{"class":115},[44,104201,2177],{"class":77},[44,104203,135],{"class":115},[44,104205,104206],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,104207,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,104209,104210,104212,104214,104216],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,104211,142],{"class":141},[44,104213,123],{"class":115},[44,104215,3771],{"class":119},[44,104217,135],{"class":115},[1474,104219,37341,104221,8844,104223],{"id":104220},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104222,102975],{},[15,104224,55659],{},[20,104226,104227,104228,116],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104229,102975],{},[35,104231,104233],{"className":37,"code":104232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104234,104235,104267,104288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104236,104237,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259,104261,104263,104265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104238,36227],{"class":50},[44,104240,55],{"class":54},[44,104242,10629],{"class":115},[44,104244,112],{"class":58},[44,104246,200],{"class":62},[44,104248,112],{"class":58},[44,104250,129],{"class":115},[44,104252,59],{"class":58},[44,104254,4891],{"class":62},[44,104256,112],{"class":58},[44,104258,129],{"class":115},[44,104260,59],{"class":58},[44,104262,9878],{"class":62},[44,104264,112],{"class":58},[44,104266,9447],{"class":115},[44,104268,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283,104285],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104270,36280],{"class":50},[44,104272,116],{"class":115},[44,104274,103042],{"class":119},[44,104276,123],{"class":115},[44,104278,112],{"class":58},[44,104280,22214],{"class":62},[44,104282,112],{"class":58},[44,104284,3784],{"class":115},[44,104286,104287],{"class":3787},"   # safe\n",[44,104289,104290,104292,104294,104296],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,104291,142],{"class":141},[44,104293,123],{"class":115},[44,104295,36280],{"class":119},[44,104297,135],{"class":115},[20,104299,104300,104301,46042,104304,116],{},"If you use ",[15,104302,104303],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104305,19825],{},[1474,104307,25751,104309,104311],{"id":104308},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104310,102975],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104313,104314,102328],{},[15,104315,102975],{},[20,104317,16781],{},[35,104319,104321],{"className":37,"code":104320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104322,104323,104343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104324,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104326,7917],{"class":50},[44,104328,55],{"class":54},[44,104330,3744],{"class":115},[44,104332,3111],{"class":77},[44,104334,129],{"class":115},[44,104336,3116],{"class":77},[44,104338,129],{"class":115},[44,104340,2573],{"class":77},[44,104342,3757],{"class":115},[44,104344,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104346,7948],{"class":50},[44,104348,116],{"class":115},[44,104350,103042],{"class":119},[44,104352,123],{"class":115},[44,104354,2177],{"class":77},[44,104356,135],{"class":115},[20,104358,104359,104360,790],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104361,102975],{},[35,104363,104365],{"className":37,"code":104364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104366,104367,104387,104401],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104368,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104370,7917],{"class":50},[44,104372,55],{"class":54},[44,104374,10629],{"class":115},[44,104376,3111],{"class":77},[44,104378,129],{"class":115},[44,104380,3116],{"class":77},[44,104382,129],{"class":115},[44,104384,2573],{"class":77},[44,104386,9447],{"class":115},[44,104388,104389,104391,104393,104395,104397,104399],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104390,7948],{"class":50},[44,104392,116],{"class":115},[44,104394,103042],{"class":119},[44,104396,123],{"class":115},[44,104398,2177],{"class":77},[44,104400,135],{"class":115},[44,104402,104403,104405,104407,104409],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,104404,142],{"class":141},[44,104406,123],{"class":115},[44,104408,7948],{"class":119},[44,104410,135],{"class":115},[1474,104412,104414],{"id":104413},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104416,104417],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104419,2958],{},[35,104421,104423],{"className":37,"code":104422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104424,104425,104445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104426,104427,104429,104431,104433,104435,104437,104439,104441,104443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104428,9306],{"class":50},[44,104430,55],{"class":54},[44,104432,10629],{"class":115},[44,104434,3111],{"class":77},[44,104436,129],{"class":115},[44,104438,3116],{"class":77},[44,104440,129],{"class":115},[44,104442,2573],{"class":77},[44,104444,9447],{"class":115},[44,104446,104447,104449,104451,104453,104455,104457],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104448,9343],{"class":50},[44,104450,116],{"class":115},[44,104452,103042],{"class":119},[44,104454,3108],{"class":115},[44,104456,2177],{"class":77},[44,104458,4015],{"class":115},[20,104460,104461],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[30,104463,9012],{"id":9011},[20,104465,9015,104466,104468],{},[15,104467,102975],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,104470,104472],{"className":37,"code":104471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104473,104474,104484,104498,104512],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104475,104476,104478,104480,104482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104477,142],{"class":141},[44,104479,123],{"class":115},[44,104481,15804],{"class":119},[44,104483,135],{"class":115},[44,104485,104486,104488,104490,104492,104494,104496],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104487,142],{"class":141},[44,104489,123],{"class":115},[44,104491,1297],{"class":1296},[44,104493,123],{"class":115},[44,104495,15804],{"class":119},[44,104497,567],{"class":115},[44,104499,104500,104502,104504,104506,104508,104510],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,104501,142],{"class":141},[44,104503,123],{"class":115},[44,104505,2568],{"class":119},[44,104507,887],{"class":4003},[44,104509,97045],{"class":119},[44,104511,135],{"class":115},[44,104513,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522,104524],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,104515,1934],{"class":141},[44,104517,123],{"class":115},[44,104519,6423],{"class":1296},[44,104521,116],{"class":115},[44,104523,103042],{"class":685},[44,104525,135],{"class":115},[20,104527,11311],{},[218,104529,104530,104533,104536,104539],{},[221,104531,104532],{},"What is currently in the set",[221,104534,104535],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[221,104537,104538],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[221,104540,104541],{},"How Python documents the method",[30,104543,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,104545,104547],{"id":104546},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104549,104550,104551,104553],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104552,102975],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1474,104555,5274,104557,1975],{"id":104556},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104558,102980],{},[20,104560,5280,104561,104563],{},[15,104562,3904],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1474,104565,5312,104567,536,104569,1995],{"id":104566},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104568,102975],{},[15,104570,55659],{},[20,104572,104573,104574,26673,104576,104578,104579,104581],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104575,55659],{},[15,104577,19825],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104580,102975],{}," does not.",[1474,104583,28464,104585,104587],{"id":104584},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104586,102975],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104589,46498,104590,104592],{},[15,104591,102975],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[30,104594,2019],{"id":2018},[218,104596,104597,104603,104609,104614,104618],{},[221,104598,104599],{},[200,104600,96935,104601,10880],{"href":98330},[15,104602,55659],{},[221,104604,104605],{},[200,104606,96935,104607,10880],{"href":98335},[15,104608,12902],{},[221,104610,104611],{},[200,104612,104613],{"href":98004},"Python set: creating a set",[221,104615,104616],{},[200,104617,100470],{"href":98912},[221,104619,104620],{},[200,104621,11403],{"href":11214},[2048,104623,104624],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":104626},[104627,104628,104630,104633,104638,104639,104640,104641,104643,104652,104653,104662],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":103152,"depth":69,"text":104629},"What set.discard() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":104631},[104632],{"id":103225,"depth":81,"text":103226},{"id":103305,"depth":69,"text":104634,"children":104635},"What makes discard() different",[104636],{"id":103344,"depth":81,"text":104637},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103497,"depth":69,"text":103498},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":103868,"depth":69,"text":103869},{"id":104061,"depth":69,"text":104642},"When to use discard()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":104644},[104645,104647,104649,104651],{"id":104090,"depth":81,"text":104646},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104220,"depth":81,"text":104648},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104308,"depth":81,"text":104650},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104413,"depth":81,"text":104414},{"id":9011,"depth":69,"text":9012},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":104654},[104655,104656,104658,104660],{"id":104546,"depth":81,"text":104547},{"id":104556,"depth":81,"text":104657},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104566,"depth":81,"text":104659},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104584,"depth":81,"text":104661},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102967,"description":104663},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104670,"title":104671,"body":104672,"description":106678,"extension":2084,"meta":106679,"navigation":84,"path":106680,"seo":106681,"stem":106682,"__hash__":106683},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104673,"toc":106636},[104674,104677,104685,104690,104701,104703,104758,104762,104782,104787,104791,104796,104798,104812,104814,104889,104891,104924,104929,104934,104936,104938,104953,104956,104964,104969,104984,104986,105075,105077,105166,105172,105176,105178,105216,105218,105242,105245,105260,105262,105317,105319,105352,105354,105359,105363,105367,105372,105437,105439,105459,105465,105469,105526,105528,105549,105553,105558,105603,105605,105638,105641,105645,105678,105680,105709,105713,105717,105720,105722,105741,105743,105789,105794,105808,105810,105841,105846,105849,105893,105895,105923,105927,105931,105947,105950,106015,106017,106029,106032,106036,106039,106044,106072,106074,106092,106098,106137,106139,106157,106163,106192,106194,106212,106215,106232,106234,106239,106243,106246,106272,106279,106284,106299,106308,106312,106315,106346,106352,106355,106364,106367,106369,106371,106429,106432,106457,106459,106463,106466,106470,106478,106482,106485,106489,106492,106494,106517,106519,106560,106567,106575,106578,106609,106611,106633],[10,104675,104671],{"id":104676},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104678,9263,104679,104681,104682,116],{},[15,104680,3922],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[153,104683,104684],{},"unique values only",[20,104686,35541,104687,104689],{},[15,104688,3922],{}," to:",[218,104691,104692,104695,104698],{},[221,104693,104694],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[221,104696,104697],{},"check whether a value exists",[221,104699,104700],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[30,104702,33],{"id":32},[35,104704,104706],{"className":37,"code":104705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104707,104708,104732,104747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104709,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718,104720,104722,104724,104726,104728,104730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104711,3739],{"class":50},[44,104713,55],{"class":54},[44,104715,3744],{"class":115},[44,104717,3111],{"class":77},[44,104719,129],{"class":115},[44,104721,3116],{"class":77},[44,104723,129],{"class":115},[44,104725,3116],{"class":77},[44,104727,129],{"class":115},[44,104729,2573],{"class":77},[44,104731,3757],{"class":115},[44,104733,104734,104737,104739,104741,104743,104745],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104735,104736],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,104738,55],{"class":54},[44,104740,15771],{"class":1296},[44,104742,123],{"class":115},[44,104744,3771],{"class":119},[44,104746,135],{"class":115},[44,104748,104749,104751,104753,104756],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,104750,142],{"class":141},[44,104752,123],{"class":115},[44,104754,104755],{"class":119},"unique_numbers",[44,104757,135],{"class":115},[20,104759,104760],{},[153,104761,155],{},[35,104763,104764],{"className":37,"code":96728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104765,104766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104767,104768,104770,104772,104774,104776,104778,104780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104769,1072],{"class":115},[44,104771,3111],{"class":77},[44,104773,129],{"class":115},[44,104775,3116],{"class":77},[44,104777,129],{"class":115},[44,104779,2573],{"class":77},[44,104781,9447],{"class":115},[20,104783,189,104784,104786],{},[15,104785,3922],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[30,104788,104790],{"id":104789},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104792,104793,104795],{},[15,104794,3922],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104797,30677],{},[218,104799,104800,104803,104806,104809],{},[221,104801,104802],{},"A set stores unique items only",[221,104804,104805],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[221,104807,104808],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[221,104810,104811],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104813,238],{},[35,104815,104817],{"className":37,"code":104816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104818,104819,104859,104874,104878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104820,104821,104823,104825,104827,104829,104831,104833,104835,104837,104839,104841,104843,104845,104847,104849,104851,104853,104855,104857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104822,13213],{"class":50},[44,104824,55],{"class":54},[44,104826,3744],{"class":115},[44,104828,112],{"class":58},[44,104830,13230],{"class":62},[44,104832,112],{"class":58},[44,104834,129],{"class":115},[44,104836,59],{"class":58},[44,104838,13247],{"class":62},[44,104840,112],{"class":58},[44,104842,129],{"class":115},[44,104844,59],{"class":58},[44,104846,13230],{"class":62},[44,104848,112],{"class":58},[44,104850,129],{"class":115},[44,104852,59],{"class":58},[44,104854,17592],{"class":62},[44,104856,112],{"class":58},[44,104858,3757],{"class":115},[44,104860,104861,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,104862,104863],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,104865,55],{"class":54},[44,104867,15771],{"class":1296},[44,104869,123],{"class":115},[44,104871,17639],{"class":119},[44,104873,135],{"class":115},[44,104875,104876],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,104877,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,104879,104880,104882,104884,104887],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,104881,142],{"class":141},[44,104883,123],{"class":115},[44,104885,104886],{"class":119},"unique_colors",[44,104888,135],{"class":115},[20,104890,30166],{},[35,104892,104894],{"className":37,"code":104893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104895,104896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104897,104898,104900,104902,104904,104906,104908,104910,104912,104914,104916,104918,104920,104922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104899,1072],{"class":115},[44,104901,1338],{"class":58},[44,104903,13247],{"class":62},[44,104905,1338],{"class":58},[44,104907,129],{"class":115},[44,104909,1332],{"class":58},[44,104911,17592],{"class":62},[44,104913,1338],{"class":58},[44,104915,129],{"class":115},[44,104917,1332],{"class":58},[44,104919,13230],{"class":62},[44,104921,1338],{"class":58},[44,104923,9447],{"class":115},[20,104925,341,104926,104928],{},[15,104927,65525],{}," appears only once.",[20,104930,104931,104932,116],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[200,104933,96449],{"href":96448},[30,104935,351],{"id":350},[20,104937,2280],{},[35,104939,104941],{"className":37,"code":104940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104942,104943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104944,104945,104947,104949,104951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104946,6423],{"class":1296},[44,104948,123],{"class":115},[44,104950,3846],{"class":119},[44,104952,135],{"class":115},[20,104954,104955],{},"The argument is optional.",[218,104957,104958,104961],{},[221,104959,104960],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[221,104962,104963],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104965,104966,104967,790],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104968,3922],{},[218,104970,104971,104973,104975,104977,104981],{},[221,104972,8231],{},[221,104974,49084],{},[221,104976,61306],{},[221,104978,104979],{},[15,104980,36335],{},[221,104982,104983],{},"another set",[20,104985,2246],{},[35,104987,104989],{"className":37,"code":104988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104990,104991,105017,105039,105057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104992,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007,105009,105011,105013,105015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104994,142],{"class":141},[44,104996,123],{"class":115},[44,104998,6423],{"class":1296},[44,105000,3108],{"class":115},[44,105002,3111],{"class":77},[44,105004,129],{"class":115},[44,105006,3116],{"class":77},[44,105008,129],{"class":115},[44,105010,3116],{"class":77},[44,105012,129],{"class":115},[44,105014,2573],{"class":77},[44,105016,3123],{"class":115},[44,105018,105019,105021,105023,105025,105027,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105020,142],{"class":141},[44,105022,123],{"class":115},[44,105024,6423],{"class":1296},[44,105026,5645],{"class":115},[44,105028,2451],{"class":77},[44,105030,129],{"class":115},[44,105032,7928],{"class":77},[44,105034,129],{"class":115},[44,105036,6140],{"class":77},[44,105038,3034],{"class":115},[44,105040,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,105042,142],{"class":141},[44,105044,123],{"class":115},[44,105046,6423],{"class":1296},[44,105048,123],{"class":115},[44,105050,112],{"class":58},[44,105052,3971],{"class":62},[44,105054,112],{"class":58},[44,105056,567],{"class":115},[44,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067,105069,105071,105073],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,105060,142],{"class":141},[44,105062,123],{"class":115},[44,105064,6423],{"class":1296},[44,105066,123],{"class":115},[44,105068,60130],{"class":141},[44,105070,123],{"class":115},[44,105072,2626],{"class":77},[44,105074,3034],{"class":115},[20,105076,30166],{},[35,105078,105080],{"className":37,"code":105079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105081,105082,105098,105110,105146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105083,105084,105086,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105085,1072],{"class":115},[44,105087,3111],{"class":77},[44,105089,129],{"class":115},[44,105091,3116],{"class":77},[44,105093,129],{"class":115},[44,105095,2573],{"class":77},[44,105097,9447],{"class":115},[44,105099,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105101,1072],{"class":115},[44,105103,2451],{"class":77},[44,105105,129],{"class":115},[44,105107,7928],{"class":77},[44,105109,9447],{"class":115},[44,105111,105112,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130,105132,105134,105136,105138,105140,105142,105144],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,105113,1072],{"class":115},[44,105115,1338],{"class":58},[44,105117,60570],{"class":62},[44,105119,1338],{"class":58},[44,105121,129],{"class":115},[44,105123,1332],{"class":58},[44,105125,60579],{"class":62},[44,105127,1338],{"class":58},[44,105129,129],{"class":115},[44,105131,1332],{"class":58},[44,105133,60588],{"class":62},[44,105135,1338],{"class":58},[44,105137,129],{"class":115},[44,105139,1332],{"class":58},[44,105141,60605],{"class":62},[44,105143,1338],{"class":58},[44,105145,9447],{"class":115},[44,105147,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,105149,1072],{"class":115},[44,105151,2240],{"class":77},[44,105153,129],{"class":115},[44,105155,5632],{"class":77},[44,105157,129],{"class":115},[44,105159,3116],{"class":77},[44,105161,129],{"class":115},[44,105163,2573],{"class":77},[44,105165,9447],{"class":115},[20,105167,105168,105169,116],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[200,105170,105171],{"href":64980},"Python list() function explained",[30,105173,105175],{"id":105174},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105177,98401],{},[35,105179,105180],{"className":37,"code":99366,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105181,105182,105192,105202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105183,105184,105186,105188,105190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105185,98411],{"class":50},[44,105187,55],{"class":54},[44,105189,15771],{"class":1296},[44,105191,8782],{"class":115},[44,105193,105194,105196,105198,105200],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105195,142],{"class":141},[44,105197,123],{"class":115},[44,105199,98430],{"class":119},[44,105201,135],{"class":115},[44,105203,105204,105206,105208,105210,105212,105214],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,105205,142],{"class":141},[44,105207,123],{"class":115},[44,105209,1297],{"class":1296},[44,105211,123],{"class":115},[44,105213,98430],{"class":119},[44,105215,567],{"class":115},[20,105217,155],{},[35,105219,105220],{"className":37,"code":99409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105221,105222,105228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105223,105224,105226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105225,6423],{"class":1296},[44,105227,8782],{"class":115},[44,105229,105230,105232,105234,105236,105238,105240],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105231,1326],{"class":54},[44,105233,1329],{"class":1075},[44,105235,1332],{"class":58},[44,105237,6423],{"class":62},[44,105239,1338],{"class":58},[44,105241,1341],{"class":54},[20,105243,105244],{},"This is important because:",[218,105246,105247,105252],{},[221,105248,105249,105251],{},[15,105250,3922],{}," creates an empty set",[221,105253,105254,105256,105257,105259],{},[15,105255,101],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[153,105258,4761],{}," a set",[20,105261,238],{},[35,105263,105265],{"className":37,"code":105264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105266,105267,105277,105285,105289,105303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105268,105269,105271,105273,105275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105270,2676],{"class":50},[44,105272,55],{"class":54},[44,105274,15771],{"class":1296},[44,105276,8782],{"class":115},[44,105278,105279,105281,105283],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105280,2704],{"class":50},[44,105282,55],{"class":54},[44,105284,338],{"class":115},[44,105286,105287],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,105288,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,105290,105291,105293,105295,105297,105299,105301],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,105292,142],{"class":141},[44,105294,123],{"class":115},[44,105296,1297],{"class":1296},[44,105298,123],{"class":115},[44,105300,200],{"class":119},[44,105302,567],{"class":115},[44,105304,105305,105307,105309,105311,105313,105315],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,105306,142],{"class":141},[44,105308,123],{"class":115},[44,105310,1297],{"class":1296},[44,105312,123],{"class":115},[44,105314,4891],{"class":119},[44,105316,567],{"class":115},[20,105318,155],{},[35,105320,105322],{"className":37,"code":105321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105323,105324,105338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105325,105326,105328,105330,105332,105334,105336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105327,1326],{"class":54},[44,105329,1329],{"class":1075},[44,105331,1332],{"class":58},[44,105333,6423],{"class":62},[44,105335,1338],{"class":58},[44,105337,1341],{"class":54},[44,105339,105340,105342,105344,105346,105348,105350],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105341,1326],{"class":54},[44,105343,1329],{"class":1075},[44,105345,1332],{"class":58},[44,105347,8961],{"class":62},[44,105349,1338],{"class":58},[44,105351,1341],{"class":54},[20,105353,14186],{},[20,105355,105356,105357,116],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[200,105358,104613],{"href":96452},[30,105360,105362],{"id":105361},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1474,105364,105366],{"id":105365},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105368,105369,105370,116],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105371,3922],{},[35,105373,105375],{"className":37,"code":105374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105376,105377,105409,105423,105427],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105378,105379,105381,105383,105385,105387,105389,105391,105393,105395,105397,105399,105401,105403,105405,105407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105380,3739],{"class":50},[44,105382,55],{"class":54},[44,105384,3744],{"class":115},[44,105386,3111],{"class":77},[44,105388,129],{"class":115},[44,105390,3116],{"class":77},[44,105392,129],{"class":115},[44,105394,3116],{"class":77},[44,105396,129],{"class":115},[44,105398,2573],{"class":77},[44,105400,129],{"class":115},[44,105402,2573],{"class":77},[44,105404,129],{"class":115},[44,105406,2573],{"class":77},[44,105408,3757],{"class":115},[44,105410,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105412,2351],{"class":50},[44,105414,55],{"class":54},[44,105416,15771],{"class":1296},[44,105418,123],{"class":115},[44,105420,3771],{"class":119},[44,105422,135],{"class":115},[44,105424,105425],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,105426,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,105428,105429,105431,105433,105435],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,105430,142],{"class":141},[44,105432,123],{"class":115},[44,105434,2386],{"class":119},[44,105436,135],{"class":115},[20,105438,155],{},[35,105440,105441],{"className":37,"code":96728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105442,105443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105444,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455,105457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105446,1072],{"class":115},[44,105448,3111],{"class":77},[44,105450,129],{"class":115},[44,105452,3116],{"class":77},[44,105454,129],{"class":115},[44,105456,2573],{"class":77},[44,105458,9447],{"class":115},[20,105460,105461,105462,116],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[200,105463,99199],{"href":105464},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1474,105466,105468],{"id":105467},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,105470,105472],{"className":37,"code":105471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105473,105474,105498,105512,105516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105475,105476,105478,105480,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492,105494,105496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105477,3948],{"class":50},[44,105479,55],{"class":54},[44,105481,9375],{"class":115},[44,105483,2257],{"class":77},[44,105485,129],{"class":115},[44,105487,4735],{"class":77},[44,105489,129],{"class":115},[44,105491,6140],{"class":77},[44,105493,129],{"class":115},[44,105495,38073],{"class":77},[44,105497,135],{"class":115},[44,105499,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508,105510],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105501,2351],{"class":50},[44,105503,55],{"class":54},[44,105505,15771],{"class":1296},[44,105507,123],{"class":115},[44,105509,5492],{"class":119},[44,105511,135],{"class":115},[44,105513,105514],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,105515,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,105517,105518,105520,105522,105524],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,105519,142],{"class":141},[44,105521,123],{"class":115},[44,105523,2386],{"class":119},[44,105525,135],{"class":115},[20,105527,155],{},[35,105529,105531],{"className":37,"code":105530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105532,105533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105534,105535,105537,105539,105541,105543,105545,105547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105536,1072],{"class":115},[44,105538,2257],{"class":77},[44,105540,129],{"class":115},[44,105542,6140],{"class":77},[44,105544,129],{"class":115},[44,105546,38073],{"class":77},[44,105548,9447],{"class":115},[1474,105550,105552],{"id":105551},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105554,51257,105555,105557],{},[15,105556,3922],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,105559,105561],{"className":37,"code":105560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105562,105563,105575,105589,105593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105564,105565,105567,105569,105571,105573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105566,248],{"class":50},[44,105568,55],{"class":54},[44,105570,59],{"class":58},[44,105572,4216],{"class":62},[44,105574,66],{"class":58},[44,105576,105577,105579,105581,105583,105585,105587],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105578,2351],{"class":50},[44,105580,55],{"class":54},[44,105582,15771],{"class":1296},[44,105584,123],{"class":115},[44,105586,308],{"class":119},[44,105588,135],{"class":115},[44,105590,105591],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,105592,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,105594,105595,105597,105599,105601],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,105596,142],{"class":141},[44,105598,123],{"class":115},[44,105600,2386],{"class":119},[44,105602,135],{"class":115},[20,105604,30166],{},[35,105606,105608],{"className":37,"code":105607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105609,105610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105611,105612,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105613,1072],{"class":115},[44,105615,1338],{"class":58},[44,105617,4891],{"class":62},[44,105619,1338],{"class":58},[44,105621,129],{"class":115},[44,105623,1332],{"class":58},[44,105625,200],{"class":62},[44,105627,1338],{"class":58},[44,105629,129],{"class":115},[44,105631,1332],{"class":58},[44,105633,76161],{"class":62},[44,105635,1338],{"class":58},[44,105637,9447],{"class":115},[20,105639,105640],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1474,105642,105644],{"id":105643},"from-range","From range()",[35,105646,105648],{"className":37,"code":105647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105649,105650,105668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105651,105652,105654,105656,105658,105660,105662,105664,105666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105653,2351],{"class":50},[44,105655,55],{"class":54},[44,105657,15771],{"class":1296},[44,105659,123],{"class":115},[44,105661,60130],{"class":141},[44,105663,123],{"class":115},[44,105665,2257],{"class":77},[44,105667,567],{"class":115},[44,105669,105670,105672,105674,105676],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105671,142],{"class":141},[44,105673,123],{"class":115},[44,105675,2386],{"class":119},[44,105677,135],{"class":115},[20,105679,155],{},[35,105681,105683],{"className":37,"code":105682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105684,105685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105686,105687,105689,105691,105693,105695,105697,105699,105701,105703,105705,105707],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105688,1072],{"class":115},[44,105690,2240],{"class":77},[44,105692,129],{"class":115},[44,105694,5632],{"class":77},[44,105696,129],{"class":115},[44,105698,3116],{"class":77},[44,105700,129],{"class":115},[44,105702,2573],{"class":77},[44,105704,129],{"class":115},[44,105706,2579],{"class":77},[44,105708,9447],{"class":115},[30,105710,105712],{"id":105711},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105714,99646,105715,116],{},[153,105716,96492],{},[20,105718,105719],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105721,99652],{},[218,105723,105724,105728,105732,105736],{},[221,105725,105726],{},[15,105727,2309],{},[221,105729,105730],{},[15,105731,1335],{},[221,105733,105734],{},[15,105735,2313],{},[221,105737,105738,105740],{},[15,105739,49084],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105742,238],{},[35,105744,105746],{"className":37,"code":105745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105747,105748,105779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105749,105750,105752,105754,105756,105758,105760,105762,105764,105766,105768,105770,105772,105774,105776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105751,7917],{"class":50},[44,105753,55],{"class":54},[44,105755,10629],{"class":115},[44,105757,3111],{"class":77},[44,105759,129],{"class":115},[44,105761,59],{"class":58},[44,105763,3971],{"class":62},[44,105765,112],{"class":58},[44,105767,129],{"class":115},[44,105769,9375],{"class":115},[44,105771,2451],{"class":77},[44,105773,129],{"class":115},[44,105775,7928],{"class":77},[44,105777,105778],{"class":115},")}\n",[44,105780,105781,105783,105785,105787],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105782,142],{"class":141},[44,105784,123],{"class":115},[44,105786,7948],{"class":119},[44,105788,135],{"class":115},[20,105790,99714,105791,105793],{},[153,105792,4761],{}," work inside a set:",[218,105795,105796,105800,105804],{},[221,105797,105798],{},[15,105799,8231],{},[221,105801,105802],{},[15,105803,8961],{},[221,105805,105806],{},[15,105807,6423],{},[20,105809,97217],{},[35,105811,105813],{"className":37,"code":105812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105814,105815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105816,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835,105837,105839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105818,99733],{"class":50},[44,105820,55],{"class":54},[44,105822,99738],{"class":115},[44,105824,3111],{"class":77},[44,105826,129],{"class":115},[44,105828,3116],{"class":77},[44,105830,18199],{"class":115},[44,105832,3744],{"class":115},[44,105834,2183],{"class":77},[44,105836,129],{"class":115},[44,105838,2579],{"class":77},[44,105840,13843],{"class":115},[20,105842,76989,105843,105845],{},[15,105844,3129],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105847,105848],{},"A safer example:",[35,105850,105852],{"className":37,"code":105851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105853,105854,105882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105855,105856,105859,105861,105864,105866,105868,105870,105872,105874,105876,105878,105880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105857,105858],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,105860,55],{"class":54},[44,105862,105863],{"class":115}," {(",[44,105865,3111],{"class":77},[44,105867,129],{"class":115},[44,105869,3116],{"class":77},[44,105871,9372],{"class":115},[44,105873,9375],{"class":115},[44,105875,2183],{"class":77},[44,105877,129],{"class":115},[44,105879,2579],{"class":77},[44,105881,105778],{"class":115},[44,105883,105884,105886,105888,105891],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105885,142],{"class":141},[44,105887,123],{"class":115},[44,105889,105890],{"class":119},"good_set",[44,105892,135],{"class":115},[20,105894,155],{},[35,105896,105898],{"className":37,"code":105897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105899,105900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105901,105902,105905,105907,105909,105911,105913,105915,105917,105919,105921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105903,105904],{"class":115},"{(",[44,105906,3111],{"class":77},[44,105908,129],{"class":115},[44,105910,3116],{"class":77},[44,105912,9372],{"class":115},[44,105914,9375],{"class":115},[44,105916,2183],{"class":77},[44,105918,129],{"class":115},[44,105920,2579],{"class":77},[44,105922,105778],{"class":115},[30,105924,105926],{"id":105925},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105928,189,105929,10740],{},[15,105930,3922],{},[218,105932,105933,105936,105941,105944],{},[221,105934,105935],{},"you need unique values only",[221,105937,105938,105939],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105940,887],{},[221,105942,105943],{},"order does not matter",[221,105945,105946],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105948,105949],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,105951,105953],{"className":37,"code":105952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105954,105955,105980,105984,106000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105956,105957,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968,105970,105973,105975,105978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105958,105959],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,105961,55],{"class":54},[44,105963,15771],{"class":1296},[44,105965,3108],{"class":115},[44,105967,46723],{"class":77},[44,105969,129],{"class":115},[44,105971,105972],{"class":77}," 102",[44,105974,129],{"class":115},[44,105976,105977],{"class":77}," 103",[44,105979,4015],{"class":115},[44,105981,105982],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,105983,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,105985,105986,105988,105990,105993,105995,105998],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,105987,142],{"class":141},[44,105989,123],{"class":115},[44,105991,105992],{"class":77},"102",[44,105994,21311],{"class":4003},[44,105996,105997],{"class":119}," allowed_ids",[44,105999,135],{"class":115},[44,106001,106002,106004,106006,106009,106011,106013],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,106003,142],{"class":141},[44,106005,123],{"class":115},[44,106007,106008],{"class":77},"999",[44,106010,21311],{"class":4003},[44,106012,105997],{"class":119},[44,106014,135],{"class":115},[20,106016,155],{},[35,106018,106019],{"className":37,"code":44308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106020,106021,106025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106022,106023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106024,4107],{"class":3978},[44,106026,106027],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106028,4168],{"class":3978},[20,106030,106031],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[30,106033,106035],{"id":106034},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,106037,106038],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1474,106040,189,106042,98343],{"id":106041},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,106043,3922],{},[35,106045,106046],{"className":37,"code":98404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106047,106048,106058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106049,106050,106052,106054,106056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106051,98411],{"class":50},[44,106053,55],{"class":54},[44,106055,15771],{"class":1296},[44,106057,8782],{"class":115},[44,106059,106060,106062,106064,106066,106068,106070],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106061,142],{"class":141},[44,106063,123],{"class":115},[44,106065,1297],{"class":1296},[44,106067,123],{"class":115},[44,106069,98430],{"class":119},[44,106071,567],{"class":115},[20,106073,155],{},[35,106075,106076],{"className":37,"code":8992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106077,106078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106079,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106081,1326],{"class":54},[44,106083,1329],{"class":1075},[44,106085,1332],{"class":58},[44,106087,6423],{"class":62},[44,106089,1338],{"class":58},[44,106091,1341],{"class":54},[1474,106093,189,106095,106097],{"id":106094},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106096,100403],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,106099,106101],{"className":37,"code":106100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106102,106103,106123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106104,106105,106107,106109,106111,106113,106115,106117,106119,106121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106106,3739],{"class":50},[44,106108,55],{"class":54},[44,106110,10629],{"class":115},[44,106112,3111],{"class":77},[44,106114,129],{"class":115},[44,106116,3116],{"class":77},[44,106118,129],{"class":115},[44,106120,2573],{"class":77},[44,106122,9447],{"class":115},[44,106124,106125,106127,106129,106131,106133,106135],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106126,142],{"class":141},[44,106128,123],{"class":115},[44,106130,1297],{"class":1296},[44,106132,123],{"class":115},[44,106134,3771],{"class":119},[44,106136,567],{"class":115},[20,106138,155],{},[35,106140,106141],{"className":37,"code":8992,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106142,106143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106144,106145,106147,106149,106151,106153,106155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106146,1326],{"class":54},[44,106148,1329],{"class":1075},[44,106150,1332],{"class":58},[44,106152,6423],{"class":62},[44,106154,1338],{"class":58},[44,106156,1341],{"class":54},[1474,106158,189,106160,106162],{"id":106159},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106161,101],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,106164,106166],{"className":37,"code":106165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106167,106168,106177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106169,106170,106173,106175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106171,106172],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,106174,55],{"class":54},[44,106176,338],{"class":115},[44,106178,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187,106190],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106180,142],{"class":141},[44,106182,123],{"class":115},[44,106184,1297],{"class":1296},[44,106186,123],{"class":115},[44,106188,106189],{"class":119},"empty_dict",[44,106191,567],{"class":115},[20,106193,155],{},[35,106195,106196],{"className":37,"code":8948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106197,106198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106199,106200,106202,106204,106206,106208,106210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106201,1326],{"class":54},[44,106203,1329],{"class":1075},[44,106205,1332],{"class":58},[44,106207,8961],{"class":62},[44,106209,1338],{"class":58},[44,106211,1341],{"class":54},[20,106213,106214],{},"So the rule is simple:",[218,106216,106217,106222,106227],{},[221,106218,106219,106221],{},[15,106220,3922],{}," → empty set",[221,106223,106224,106226],{},[15,106225,100403],{}," → non-empty set",[221,106228,106229,106231],{},[15,106230,101],{}," → empty dictionary",[30,106233,1467],{"id":1466},[20,106235,106236,106237,116],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106238,3922],{},[1474,106240,8556,106241,100001],{"id":99998},[15,106242,101],{},[20,106244,106245],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,106247,106248],{"className":37,"code":100007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106249,106250,106258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106251,106252,106254,106256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106253,2568],{"class":50},[44,106255,55],{"class":54},[44,106257,338],{"class":115},[44,106259,106260,106262,106264,106266,106268,106270],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106261,142],{"class":141},[44,106263,123],{"class":115},[44,106265,1297],{"class":1296},[44,106267,123],{"class":115},[44,106269,379],{"class":119},[44,106271,567],{"class":115},[1474,106273,106275,106276],{"id":106274},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106277,106278],{},"set(5)",[20,106280,106281,106283],{},[15,106282,3922],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,106285,106287],{"className":37,"code":106286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,106288,106289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106290,106291,106293,106295,106297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106292,6423],{"class":1296},[44,106294,123],{"class":115},[44,106296,2257],{"class":77},[44,106298,135],{"class":115},[20,106300,3126,106301,106303,106304,116],{},[15,106302,3129],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[200,106305,106307],{"href":106306},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1474,106309,106311],{"id":106310},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106313,106314],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,106316,106318],{"className":37,"code":106317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106319,106320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106321,106322,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340,106342,106344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106323,2568],{"class":50},[44,106325,55],{"class":54},[44,106327,99738],{"class":115},[44,106329,3111],{"class":77},[44,106331,129],{"class":115},[44,106333,3116],{"class":77},[44,106335,18199],{"class":115},[44,106337,3744],{"class":115},[44,106339,2183],{"class":77},[44,106341,129],{"class":115},[44,106343,2579],{"class":77},[44,106345,13843],{"class":115},[1474,106347,1707,106349,106351],{"id":106348},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106350,3922],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106353,106354],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1474,106356,37341,106358,8844,106360,3000,106362],{"id":106357},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106359,3922],{},[15,106361,24916],{},[15,106363,9260],{},[20,106365,106366],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[30,106368,60842],{"id":60841},[20,106370,11253],{},[35,106372,106374],{"className":37,"code":106373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106375,106376,106391,106401,106415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106377,106378,106380,106382,106384,106386,106389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106379,142],{"class":141},[44,106381,123],{"class":115},[44,106383,1297],{"class":1296},[44,106385,123],{"class":115},[44,106387,106388],{"class":119},"my_value",[44,106390,567],{"class":115},[44,106392,106393,106395,106397,106399],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106394,142],{"class":141},[44,106396,123],{"class":115},[44,106398,106388],{"class":119},[44,106400,135],{"class":115},[44,106402,106403,106405,106407,106409,106411,106413],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,106404,142],{"class":141},[44,106406,123],{"class":115},[44,106408,8231],{"class":1296},[44,106410,123],{"class":115},[44,106412,15804],{"class":119},[44,106414,567],{"class":115},[44,106416,106417,106419,106421,106423,106425,106427],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,106418,142],{"class":141},[44,106420,123],{"class":115},[44,106422,11302],{"class":141},[44,106424,123],{"class":115},[44,106426,15804],{"class":119},[44,106428,567],{"class":115},[20,106430,106431],{},"What they help you see:",[218,106433,106434,106440,106445,106451],{},[221,106435,106436,106439],{},[15,106437,106438],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[221,106441,106442,90669],{},[15,106443,106444],{},"print(my_value)",[221,106446,106447,106450],{},[15,106448,106449],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[221,106452,106453,106456],{},[15,106454,106455],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[30,106458,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,106460,106462],{"id":106461},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106464,106465],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1474,106467,106469],{"id":106468},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106471,189,106472,106474,106475,106477],{},[15,106473,3922],{},". Do not use ",[15,106476,101],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1474,106479,106481],{"id":106480},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106483,106484],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1474,106486,106488],{"id":106487},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106490,106491],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106493,238],{},[35,106495,106497],{"className":37,"code":106496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106498,106499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106500,106501,106503,106505,106507,106509,106511,106513,106515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106502,142],{"class":141},[44,106504,123],{"class":115},[44,106506,6423],{"class":1296},[44,106508,123],{"class":115},[44,106510,112],{"class":58},[44,106512,4207],{"class":62},[44,106514,112],{"class":58},[44,106516,567],{"class":115},[20,106518,30166],{},[35,106520,106522],{"className":37,"code":106521,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106523,106524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106525,106526,106528,106530,106532,106534,106536,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106527,1072],{"class":115},[44,106529,1338],{"class":58},[44,106531,200],{"class":62},[44,106533,1338],{"class":58},[44,106535,129],{"class":115},[44,106537,1332],{"class":58},[44,106539,20],{"class":62},[44,106541,1338],{"class":58},[44,106543,129],{"class":115},[44,106545,1332],{"class":58},[44,106547,60588],{"class":62},[44,106549,1338],{"class":58},[44,106551,129],{"class":115},[44,106553,1332],{"class":58},[44,106555,60579],{"class":62},[44,106557,1338],{"class":58},[44,106559,9447],{"class":115},[1474,106561,5290,106563,106566],{"id":106562},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106564,106565],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106568,106569,28821,106571,106574],{},[15,106570,3922],{},[153,106572,106573],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106576,106577],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,106579,106581],{"className":37,"code":106580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106582,106583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106584,106585,106587,106589,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599,106601,106603,106605,106607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106586,142],{"class":141},[44,106588,123],{"class":115},[44,106590,6423],{"class":1296},[44,106592,3108],{"class":115},[44,106594,3111],{"class":77},[44,106596,129],{"class":115},[44,106598,3116],{"class":77},[44,106600,129],{"class":115},[44,106602,2573],{"class":77},[44,106604,129],{"class":115},[44,106606,2579],{"class":77},[44,106608,3123],{"class":115},[30,106610,2019],{"id":2018},[218,106612,106613,106617,106621,106625,106629],{},[221,106614,106615],{},[200,106616,96449],{"href":96448},[221,106618,106619],{},[200,106620,104613],{"href":96452},[221,106622,106623],{},[200,106624,100465],{"href":105464},[221,106626,106627],{},[200,106628,105171],{"href":64980},[221,106630,106631],{},[200,106632,106307],{"href":106306},[2048,106634,106635],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":106637},[106638,106639,106640,106641,106642,106648,106649,106650,106658,106668,106669,106677],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":104789,"depth":69,"text":104790},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":105174,"depth":69,"text":105175},{"id":105361,"depth":69,"text":105362,"children":106643},[106644,106645,106646,106647],{"id":105365,"depth":81,"text":105366},{"id":105467,"depth":81,"text":105468},{"id":105551,"depth":81,"text":105552},{"id":105643,"depth":81,"text":105644},{"id":105711,"depth":69,"text":105712},{"id":105925,"depth":69,"text":105926},{"id":106034,"depth":69,"text":106035,"children":106651},[106652,106654,106656],{"id":106041,"depth":81,"text":106653},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106094,"depth":81,"text":106655},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106159,"depth":81,"text":106657},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":106659},[106660,106661,106663,106664,106666],{"id":99998,"depth":81,"text":100506},{"id":106274,"depth":81,"text":106662},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106310,"depth":81,"text":106311},{"id":106348,"depth":81,"text":106665},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106357,"depth":81,"text":106667},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60841,"depth":69,"text":60842},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":106670},[106671,106672,106673,106674,106675],{"id":106461,"depth":81,"text":106462},{"id":106468,"depth":81,"text":106469},{"id":106480,"depth":81,"text":106481},{"id":106487,"depth":81,"text":106488},{"id":106562,"depth":81,"text":106676},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104671,"description":106678},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106685,"title":106686,"body":106687,"description":108202,"extension":2084,"meta":108203,"navigation":84,"path":108204,"seo":108205,"stem":108206,"__hash__":108207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106688,"toc":108178},[106689,106695,106700,106703,106786,106791,106796,106801,106803,106816,106820,106822,106841,106844,106867,106870,106881,106883,106964,106966,106983,106985,106991,106994,107089,107091,107122,107124,107132,107134,107137,107248,107250,107275,107277,107299,107304,107309,107315,107424,107426,107442,107445,107448,107531,107533,107550,107558,107560,107564,107570,107661,107663,107696,107701,107708,107785,107787,107804,107810,107812,107816,107832,107835,107861,107863,107924,107926,108049,108051,108102,108108,108110,108115,108117,108123,108126,108130,108133,108137,108140,108150,108152,108175],[10,106690,1013,106692,18],{"id":106691},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106693,106694],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106696,213,106697,106699],{},[15,106698,106694],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106701,106702],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,106704,106706],{"className":37,"code":106705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106707,106708,106728,106748,106752,106771,106781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106709,106710,106712,106714,106716,106718,106720,106722,106724,106726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106711,2676],{"class":50},[44,106713,55],{"class":54},[44,106715,10629],{"class":115},[44,106717,3111],{"class":77},[44,106719,129],{"class":115},[44,106721,3116],{"class":77},[44,106723,129],{"class":115},[44,106725,2573],{"class":77},[44,106727,9447],{"class":115},[44,106729,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744,106746],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106731,2704],{"class":50},[44,106733,55],{"class":54},[44,106735,10629],{"class":115},[44,106737,2177],{"class":77},[44,106739,129],{"class":115},[44,106741,2573],{"class":77},[44,106743,129],{"class":115},[44,106745,2579],{"class":77},[44,106747,9447],{"class":115},[44,106749,106750],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,106751,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,106753,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106765,106767,106769],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,106755,2351],{"class":50},[44,106757,55],{"class":54},[44,106759,57018],{"class":50},[44,106761,116],{"class":115},[44,106763,106764],{"class":119},"intersection",[44,106766,123],{"class":115},[44,106768,4891],{"class":119},[44,106770,135],{"class":115},[44,106772,106773,106775,106777,106779],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,106774,142],{"class":141},[44,106776,123],{"class":115},[44,106778,2386],{"class":119},[44,106780,135],{"class":115},[44,106782,106783],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,106784,106785],{"class":3787},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106787,189,106788,106790],{},[15,106789,102912],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[30,106792,207,106794,210],{"id":106793},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106795,102912],{},[20,106797,106798,106800],{},[15,106799,102912],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106802,13189],{},[218,106804,106805,106808,106810,106813],{},[221,106806,106807],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[221,106809,100682],{},[221,106811,106812],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[221,106814,106815],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106817,96445,106818,116],{},[200,106819,96449],{"href":96448},[30,106821,351],{"id":350},[35,106823,106825],{"className":37,"code":106824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106826,106827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106828,106829,106831,106833,106835,106837,106839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106830,100706],{"class":50},[44,106832,116],{"class":115},[44,106834,106764],{"class":119},[44,106836,123],{"class":115},[44,106838,100715],{"class":119},[44,106840,135],{"class":115},[20,106842,106843],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,106845,106847],{"className":37,"code":106846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106848,106849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106850,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859,106861,106863,106865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106852,100706],{"class":50},[44,106854,116],{"class":115},[44,106856,106764],{"class":119},[44,106858,123],{"class":115},[44,106860,100715],{"class":119},[44,106862,129],{"class":115},[44,106864,100742],{"class":119},[44,106866,135],{"class":115},[20,106868,106869],{},"Important notes:",[218,106871,106872,106875,106878],{},[221,106873,106874],{},"The result is always a new set",[221,106876,106877],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[221,106879,106880],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106882,238],{},[35,106884,106886],{"className":37,"code":106885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106887,106888,106912,106932,106936,106954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106889,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904,106906,106908,106910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106891,2676],{"class":50},[44,106893,55],{"class":54},[44,106895,10629],{"class":115},[44,106897,3111],{"class":77},[44,106899,129],{"class":115},[44,106901,3116],{"class":77},[44,106903,129],{"class":115},[44,106905,2573],{"class":77},[44,106907,129],{"class":115},[44,106909,2579],{"class":77},[44,106911,9447],{"class":115},[44,106913,106914,106916,106918,106920,106922,106924,106926,106928,106930],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,106915,2704],{"class":50},[44,106917,55],{"class":54},[44,106919,10629],{"class":115},[44,106921,2183],{"class":77},[44,106923,129],{"class":115},[44,106925,2579],{"class":77},[44,106927,129],{"class":115},[44,106929,4735],{"class":77},[44,106931,9447],{"class":115},[44,106933,106934],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,106935,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,106937,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946,106948,106950,106952],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,106939,2351],{"class":50},[44,106941,55],{"class":54},[44,106943,57018],{"class":50},[44,106945,116],{"class":115},[44,106947,106764],{"class":119},[44,106949,123],{"class":115},[44,106951,4891],{"class":119},[44,106953,135],{"class":115},[44,106955,106956,106958,106960,106962],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,106957,142],{"class":141},[44,106959,123],{"class":115},[44,106961,2386],{"class":119},[44,106963,135],{"class":115},[20,106965,155],{},[35,106967,106969],{"className":37,"code":106968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106970,106971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106972,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106974,1072],{"class":115},[44,106976,2183],{"class":77},[44,106978,129],{"class":115},[44,106980,2579],{"class":77},[44,106982,9447],{"class":115},[30,106984,1219],{"id":1218},[20,106986,106987,22112,106989,116],{},[15,106988,102912],{},[153,106990,6423],{},[20,106992,106993],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,106995,106997],{"className":37,"code":106996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106998,106999,107019,107039,107043,107061,107065,107075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107000,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107002,2676],{"class":50},[44,107004,55],{"class":54},[44,107006,10629],{"class":115},[44,107008,3111],{"class":77},[44,107010,129],{"class":115},[44,107012,3116],{"class":77},[44,107014,129],{"class":115},[44,107016,2573],{"class":77},[44,107018,9447],{"class":115},[44,107020,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107022,2704],{"class":50},[44,107024,55],{"class":54},[44,107026,10629],{"class":115},[44,107028,2177],{"class":77},[44,107030,129],{"class":115},[44,107032,2573],{"class":77},[44,107034,129],{"class":115},[44,107036,2579],{"class":77},[44,107038,9447],{"class":115},[44,107040,107041],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,107042,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107044,107045,107047,107049,107051,107053,107055,107057,107059],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,107046,2351],{"class":50},[44,107048,55],{"class":54},[44,107050,57018],{"class":50},[44,107052,116],{"class":115},[44,107054,106764],{"class":119},[44,107056,123],{"class":115},[44,107058,4891],{"class":119},[44,107060,135],{"class":115},[44,107062,107063],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,107064,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107066,107067,107069,107071,107073],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,107068,142],{"class":141},[44,107070,123],{"class":115},[44,107072,2386],{"class":119},[44,107074,135],{"class":115},[44,107076,107077,107079,107081,107083,107085,107087],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,107078,142],{"class":141},[44,107080,123],{"class":115},[44,107082,1297],{"class":1296},[44,107084,123],{"class":115},[44,107086,2386],{"class":119},[44,107088,567],{"class":115},[20,107090,155],{},[35,107092,107094],{"className":37,"code":107093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107095,107096,107108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107097,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107099,1072],{"class":115},[44,107101,2177],{"class":77},[44,107103,129],{"class":115},[44,107105,2573],{"class":77},[44,107107,9447],{"class":115},[44,107109,107110,107112,107114,107116,107118,107120],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107111,1326],{"class":54},[44,107113,1329],{"class":1075},[44,107115,1332],{"class":58},[44,107117,6423],{"class":62},[44,107119,1338],{"class":58},[44,107121,1341],{"class":54},[20,107123,85940],{},[218,107125,107126,107129],{},[221,107127,107128],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[221,107130,107131],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[30,107133,11615],{"id":11614},[20,107135,107136],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,107138,107140],{"className":37,"code":107139,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107141,107142,107175,107208,107212,107233,107237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107143,107144,107147,107149,107151,107153,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107145,107146],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,107148,55],{"class":54},[44,107150,10629],{"class":115},[44,107152,112],{"class":58},[44,107154,13230],{"class":62},[44,107156,112],{"class":58},[44,107158,129],{"class":115},[44,107160,59],{"class":58},[44,107162,13247],{"class":62},[44,107164,112],{"class":58},[44,107166,129],{"class":115},[44,107168,59],{"class":58},[44,107170,17592],{"class":62},[44,107172,112],{"class":58},[44,107174,9447],{"class":115},[44,107176,107177,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107178,107179],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,107181,55],{"class":54},[44,107183,10629],{"class":115},[44,107185,112],{"class":58},[44,107187,17592],{"class":62},[44,107189,112],{"class":58},[44,107191,129],{"class":115},[44,107193,59],{"class":58},[44,107195,22659],{"class":62},[44,107197,112],{"class":58},[44,107199,129],{"class":115},[44,107201,59],{"class":58},[44,107203,13247],{"class":62},[44,107205,112],{"class":58},[44,107207,9447],{"class":115},[44,107209,107210],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,107211,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107213,107214,107217,107219,107222,107224,107226,107228,107231],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,107215,107216],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,107218,55],{"class":54},[44,107220,107221],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,107223,116],{"class":115},[44,107225,106764],{"class":119},[44,107227,123],{"class":115},[44,107229,107230],{"class":119},"colors2",[44,107232,135],{"class":115},[44,107234,107235],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,107236,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107238,107239,107241,107243,107246],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,107240,142],{"class":141},[44,107242,123],{"class":115},[44,107244,107245],{"class":119},"common_colors",[44,107247,135],{"class":115},[20,107249,155],{},[35,107251,107253],{"className":37,"code":107252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107254,107255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107256,107257,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107258,1072],{"class":115},[44,107260,1338],{"class":58},[44,107262,13247],{"class":62},[44,107264,1338],{"class":58},[44,107266,129],{"class":115},[44,107268,1332],{"class":58},[44,107270,17592],{"class":62},[44,107272,1338],{"class":58},[44,107274,9447],{"class":115},[20,107276,11823],{},[218,107278,107279,107285,107289,107294],{},[221,107280,107281,107284],{},[15,107282,107283],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[221,107286,107287,107284],{},[15,107288,107230],{},[221,107290,107291,107293],{},[15,107292,102912],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[221,107295,107296,107297],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107298,107245],{},[30,107300,8556,107302,101279],{"id":107301},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107303,102912],{},[20,107305,107306,107307,116],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107308,102912],{},[20,107310,107311,107312,107314],{},"Only the values found in ",[153,107313,3841],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,107316,107318],{"className":37,"code":107317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107319,107320,107344,107368,107388,107392,107414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107321,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336,107338,107340,107342],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107323,2676],{"class":50},[44,107325,55],{"class":54},[44,107327,10629],{"class":115},[44,107329,3111],{"class":77},[44,107331,129],{"class":115},[44,107333,3116],{"class":77},[44,107335,129],{"class":115},[44,107337,2573],{"class":77},[44,107339,129],{"class":115},[44,107341,2579],{"class":77},[44,107343,9447],{"class":115},[44,107345,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107347,2704],{"class":50},[44,107349,55],{"class":54},[44,107351,10629],{"class":115},[44,107353,2177],{"class":77},[44,107355,129],{"class":115},[44,107357,2573],{"class":77},[44,107359,129],{"class":115},[44,107361,2579],{"class":77},[44,107363,129],{"class":115},[44,107365,4735],{"class":77},[44,107367,9447],{"class":115},[44,107369,107370,107372,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382,107384,107386],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,107371,83315],{"class":50},[44,107373,55],{"class":54},[44,107375,10629],{"class":115},[44,107377,2183],{"class":77},[44,107379,129],{"class":115},[44,107381,2579],{"class":77},[44,107383,129],{"class":115},[44,107385,37780],{"class":77},[44,107387,9447],{"class":115},[44,107389,107390],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,107391,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107393,107394,107396,107398,107400,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,107395,2351],{"class":50},[44,107397,55],{"class":54},[44,107399,57018],{"class":50},[44,107401,116],{"class":115},[44,107403,106764],{"class":119},[44,107405,123],{"class":115},[44,107407,4891],{"class":119},[44,107409,129],{"class":115},[44,107411,9820],{"class":119},[44,107413,135],{"class":115},[44,107415,107416,107418,107420,107422],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,107417,142],{"class":141},[44,107419,123],{"class":115},[44,107421,2386],{"class":119},[44,107423,135],{"class":115},[20,107425,155],{},[35,107427,107428],{"className":37,"code":106968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107429,107430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107431,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107433,1072],{"class":115},[44,107435,2183],{"class":77},[44,107437,129],{"class":115},[44,107439,2579],{"class":77},[44,107441,9447],{"class":115},[20,107443,107444],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107446,107447],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,107449,107451],{"className":37,"code":107450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107452,107453,107477,107481,107521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107454,107455,107457,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469,107471,107473,107475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107456,2676],{"class":50},[44,107458,55],{"class":54},[44,107460,10629],{"class":115},[44,107462,3111],{"class":77},[44,107464,129],{"class":115},[44,107466,3116],{"class":77},[44,107468,129],{"class":115},[44,107470,2573],{"class":77},[44,107472,129],{"class":115},[44,107474,2579],{"class":77},[44,107476,9447],{"class":115},[44,107478,107479],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107480,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107482,107483,107485,107487,107489,107491,107493,107495,107497,107499,107501,107503,107505,107507,107509,107511,107513,107515,107517,107519],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,107484,2351],{"class":50},[44,107486,55],{"class":54},[44,107488,57018],{"class":50},[44,107490,116],{"class":115},[44,107492,106764],{"class":119},[44,107494,3108],{"class":115},[44,107496,2177],{"class":77},[44,107498,129],{"class":115},[44,107500,2579],{"class":77},[44,107502,129],{"class":115},[44,107504,37780],{"class":77},[44,107506,18199],{"class":115},[44,107508,9375],{"class":115},[44,107510,3111],{"class":77},[44,107512,129],{"class":115},[44,107514,3116],{"class":77},[44,107516,129],{"class":115},[44,107518,2579],{"class":77},[44,107520,567],{"class":115},[44,107522,107523,107525,107527,107529],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,107524,142],{"class":141},[44,107526,123],{"class":115},[44,107528,2386],{"class":119},[44,107530,135],{"class":115},[20,107532,155],{},[35,107534,107536],{"className":37,"code":107535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107537,107538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107539,107540,107542,107544,107546,107548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107541,1072],{"class":115},[44,107543,2177],{"class":77},[44,107545,129],{"class":115},[44,107547,2579],{"class":77},[44,107549,9447],{"class":115},[30,107551,107553,10724,107555],{"id":107552},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107554,102912],{},[15,107556,107557],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107559,101449],{},[1474,107561,107562],{"id":106764},[15,107563,102912],{},[218,107565,107566,107568],{},[221,107567,101458],{},[221,107569,101461],{},[35,107571,107573],{"className":37,"code":107572,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107574,107575,107595,107615,107619,107637,107641,107651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107576,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589,107591,107593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107578,2676],{"class":50},[44,107580,55],{"class":54},[44,107582,10629],{"class":115},[44,107584,3111],{"class":77},[44,107586,129],{"class":115},[44,107588,3116],{"class":77},[44,107590,129],{"class":115},[44,107592,2573],{"class":77},[44,107594,9447],{"class":115},[44,107596,107597,107599,107601,107603,107605,107607,107609,107611,107613],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107598,2704],{"class":50},[44,107600,55],{"class":54},[44,107602,10629],{"class":115},[44,107604,2177],{"class":77},[44,107606,129],{"class":115},[44,107608,2573],{"class":77},[44,107610,129],{"class":115},[44,107612,2579],{"class":77},[44,107614,9447],{"class":115},[44,107616,107617],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,107618,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107620,107621,107623,107625,107627,107629,107631,107633,107635],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,107622,2351],{"class":50},[44,107624,55],{"class":54},[44,107626,57018],{"class":50},[44,107628,116],{"class":115},[44,107630,106764],{"class":119},[44,107632,123],{"class":115},[44,107634,4891],{"class":119},[44,107636,135],{"class":115},[44,107638,107639],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,107640,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107642,107643,107645,107647,107649],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,107644,142],{"class":141},[44,107646,123],{"class":115},[44,107648,200],{"class":119},[44,107650,135],{"class":115},[44,107652,107653,107655,107657,107659],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,107654,142],{"class":141},[44,107656,123],{"class":115},[44,107658,2386],{"class":119},[44,107660,135],{"class":115},[20,107662,155],{},[35,107664,107666],{"className":37,"code":107665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107667,107668,107684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107669,107670,107672,107674,107676,107678,107680,107682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107671,1072],{"class":115},[44,107673,3111],{"class":77},[44,107675,129],{"class":115},[44,107677,3116],{"class":77},[44,107679,129],{"class":115},[44,107681,2573],{"class":77},[44,107683,9447],{"class":115},[44,107685,107686,107688,107690,107692,107694],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107687,1072],{"class":115},[44,107689,2177],{"class":77},[44,107691,129],{"class":115},[44,107693,2573],{"class":77},[44,107695,9447],{"class":115},[1474,107697,107699],{"id":107698},"intersection_update",[15,107700,107557],{},[218,107702,107703,107705],{},[221,107704,101601],{},[221,107706,107707],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,107709,107711],{"className":37,"code":107710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107712,107713,107733,107753,107757,107771,107775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107714,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107716,2676],{"class":50},[44,107718,55],{"class":54},[44,107720,10629],{"class":115},[44,107722,3111],{"class":77},[44,107724,129],{"class":115},[44,107726,3116],{"class":77},[44,107728,129],{"class":115},[44,107730,2573],{"class":77},[44,107732,9447],{"class":115},[44,107734,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107736,2704],{"class":50},[44,107738,55],{"class":54},[44,107740,10629],{"class":115},[44,107742,2177],{"class":77},[44,107744,129],{"class":115},[44,107746,2573],{"class":77},[44,107748,129],{"class":115},[44,107750,2579],{"class":77},[44,107752,9447],{"class":115},[44,107754,107755],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,107756,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107758,107759,107761,107763,107765,107767,107769],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,107760,200],{"class":50},[44,107762,116],{"class":115},[44,107764,107698],{"class":119},[44,107766,123],{"class":115},[44,107768,4891],{"class":119},[44,107770,135],{"class":115},[44,107772,107773],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,107774,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107776,107777,107779,107781,107783],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,107778,142],{"class":141},[44,107780,123],{"class":115},[44,107782,200],{"class":119},[44,107784,135],{"class":115},[20,107786,155],{},[35,107788,107790],{"className":37,"code":107789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107791,107792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107793,107794,107796,107798,107800,107802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107795,1072],{"class":115},[44,107797,2177],{"class":77},[44,107799,129],{"class":115},[44,107801,2573],{"class":77},[44,107803,9447],{"class":115},[20,107805,107806,107807,107809],{},"Choose ",[15,107808,102912],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[30,107811,4648],{"id":4647},[20,107813,14871,107814,790],{},[15,107815,102912],{},[218,107817,107818,107821,107824,107827],{},[221,107819,107820],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[221,107822,107823],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[221,107825,107826],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[221,107828,107829,107830],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107831,102912],{},[20,107833,107834],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[218,107836,107837,107842,107845,107858],{},[221,107838,8556,107839,107841],{},[15,107840,102912],{}," when order matters",[221,107843,107844],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[221,107846,37341,107847,8844,107849,3000,107854],{},[15,107848,102912],{},[200,107850,107852],{"href":107851},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107853,102920],{},[200,107855,107856],{"href":102961},[15,107857,100535],{},[221,107859,107860],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107862,30272],{},[35,107864,107866],{"className":37,"code":107865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107867,107868,107878,107892,107910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107869,107870,107872,107874,107876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107871,142],{"class":141},[44,107873,123],{"class":115},[44,107875,15804],{"class":119},[44,107877,135],{"class":115},[44,107879,107880,107882,107884,107886,107888,107890],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107881,142],{"class":141},[44,107883,123],{"class":115},[44,107885,1297],{"class":1296},[44,107887,123],{"class":115},[44,107889,2386],{"class":119},[44,107891,567],{"class":115},[44,107893,107894,107896,107898,107900,107902,107904,107906,107908],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,107895,142],{"class":141},[44,107897,123],{"class":115},[44,107899,100706],{"class":119},[44,107901,116],{"class":115},[44,107903,106764],{"class":119},[44,107905,123],{"class":115},[44,107907,100715],{"class":119},[44,107909,567],{"class":115},[44,107911,107912,107914,107916,107918,107920,107922],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,107913,142],{"class":141},[44,107915,123],{"class":115},[44,107917,11302],{"class":141},[44,107919,123],{"class":115},[44,107921,2386],{"class":119},[44,107923,567],{"class":115},[20,107925,238],{},[35,107927,107929],{"className":37,"code":107928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107930,107931,107955,107975,107979,107997,108001,108011,108021,108035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107932,107933,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945,107947,107949,107951,107953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107934,3739],{"class":50},[44,107936,55],{"class":54},[44,107938,10629],{"class":115},[44,107940,3111],{"class":77},[44,107942,129],{"class":115},[44,107944,3116],{"class":77},[44,107946,129],{"class":115},[44,107948,3116],{"class":77},[44,107950,129],{"class":115},[44,107952,2573],{"class":77},[44,107954,9447],{"class":115},[44,107956,107957,107959,107961,107963,107965,107967,107969,107971,107973],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,107958,43683],{"class":50},[44,107960,55],{"class":54},[44,107962,10629],{"class":115},[44,107964,2177],{"class":77},[44,107966,129],{"class":115},[44,107968,2573],{"class":77},[44,107970,129],{"class":115},[44,107972,2579],{"class":77},[44,107974,9447],{"class":115},[44,107976,107977],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,107978,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,107980,107981,107983,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,107982,2351],{"class":50},[44,107984,55],{"class":54},[44,107986,4392],{"class":50},[44,107988,116],{"class":115},[44,107990,106764],{"class":119},[44,107992,123],{"class":115},[44,107994,30880],{"class":119},[44,107996,135],{"class":115},[44,107998,107999],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,108000,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,108002,108003,108005,108007,108009],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,108004,142],{"class":141},[44,108006,123],{"class":115},[44,108008,3771],{"class":119},[44,108010,135],{"class":115},[44,108012,108013,108015,108017,108019],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,108014,142],{"class":141},[44,108016,123],{"class":115},[44,108018,2386],{"class":119},[44,108020,135],{"class":115},[44,108022,108023,108025,108027,108029,108031,108033],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,108024,142],{"class":141},[44,108026,123],{"class":115},[44,108028,1297],{"class":1296},[44,108030,123],{"class":115},[44,108032,2386],{"class":119},[44,108034,567],{"class":115},[44,108036,108037,108039,108041,108043,108045,108047],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,108038,142],{"class":141},[44,108040,123],{"class":115},[44,108042,11302],{"class":141},[44,108044,123],{"class":115},[44,108046,2386],{"class":119},[44,108048,567],{"class":115},[20,108050,155],{},[35,108052,108054],{"className":37,"code":108053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108055,108056,108072,108084,108098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108057,108058,108060,108062,108064,108066,108068,108070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108059,1072],{"class":115},[44,108061,3111],{"class":77},[44,108063,129],{"class":115},[44,108065,3116],{"class":77},[44,108067,129],{"class":115},[44,108069,2573],{"class":77},[44,108071,9447],{"class":115},[44,108073,108074,108076,108078,108080,108082],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108075,1072],{"class":115},[44,108077,2177],{"class":77},[44,108079,129],{"class":115},[44,108081,2573],{"class":77},[44,108083,9447],{"class":115},[44,108085,108086,108088,108090,108092,108094,108096],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,108087,1326],{"class":54},[44,108089,1329],{"class":1075},[44,108091,1332],{"class":58},[44,108093,6423],{"class":62},[44,108095,1338],{"class":58},[44,108097,1341],{"class":54},[44,108099,108100],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,108101,17194],{"class":77},[20,108103,108104,108105,108107],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108106,2177],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,108109,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,108111,12844,108113,102860],{"id":108112},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108114,102912],{},[20,108116,102863],{},[1474,108118,5302,108120,108122],{"id":108119},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108121,102912],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108124,108125],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1474,108127,108129],{"id":108128},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108131,108132],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1474,108134,108136],{"id":108135},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108138,108139],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,108141,108142],{"className":37,"code":97579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,108143,108144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108145,108146,108148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108147,6423],{"class":1296},[44,108149,8782],{"class":115},[30,108151,2019],{"id":2018},[218,108153,108154,108158,108165,108171],{},[221,108155,108156],{},[200,108157,96449],{"href":96448},[221,108159,108160],{},[200,108161,1013,108162,10880],{"href":107851},[15,108163,108164],{},"set.union()",[221,108166,108167],{},[200,108168,1013,108169,10880],{"href":102961},[15,108170,100540],{},[221,108172,108173],{},[200,108174,100465],{"href":105464},[2048,108176,108177],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":108179},[108180,108182,108183,108184,108185,108187,108192,108193,108201],{"id":106793,"depth":69,"text":108181},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":107301,"depth":69,"text":108186},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107552,"depth":69,"text":108188,"children":108189},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108190,108191],{"id":106764,"depth":81,"text":102912},{"id":107698,"depth":81,"text":107557},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":108194},[108195,108197,108199,108200],{"id":108112,"depth":81,"text":108196},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108119,"depth":81,"text":108198},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108128,"depth":81,"text":108129},{"id":108135,"depth":81,"text":108136},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106686,"description":108202},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108209,"title":108210,"body":108211,"description":109447,"extension":2084,"meta":109448,"navigation":84,"path":109449,"seo":109450,"stem":109451,"__hash__":109452},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108212,"toc":109414},[108213,108218,108224,108233,108235,108310,108315,108330,108340,108345,108349,108362,108366,108368,108383,108385,108401,108403,108478,108482,108485,108487,108504,108509,108564,108569,108581,108585,108588,108689,108691,108732,108735,108739,108746,108748,108773,108776,108794,108801,108807,108810,108892,108899,108902,108982,108991,108994,108999,109003,109017,109066,109071,109075,109086,109135,109146,109151,109155,109167,109216,109227,109229,109233,109256,109258,109315,109317,109331,109333,109339,109345,109351,109360,109364,109371,109375,109383,109385,109411],[10,108214,96321,108216,18],{"id":108215},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108217,12902],{},[20,108219,108220,108223],{},[15,108221,108222],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108225,108226,108227,108229,108230,108232],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[153,108228,4761],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108231,12902],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[30,108234,33],{"id":32},[35,108236,108238],{"className":37,"code":108237,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108239,108240,108272,108286,108290,108300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108241,108242,108244,108246,108248,108250,108252,108254,108256,108258,108260,108262,108264,108266,108268,108270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108243,7917],{"class":50},[44,108245,55],{"class":54},[44,108247,10629],{"class":115},[44,108249,112],{"class":58},[44,108251,4207],{"class":62},[44,108253,112],{"class":58},[44,108255,129],{"class":115},[44,108257,59],{"class":58},[44,108259,4216],{"class":62},[44,108261,112],{"class":58},[44,108263,129],{"class":115},[44,108265,59],{"class":58},[44,108267,4225],{"class":62},[44,108269,112],{"class":58},[44,108271,9447],{"class":115},[44,108273,108274,108276,108278,108280,108282,108284],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108275,70065],{"class":50},[44,108277,55],{"class":54},[44,108279,6101],{"class":50},[44,108281,116],{"class":115},[44,108283,26376],{"class":119},[44,108285,8782],{"class":115},[44,108287,108288],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,108289,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,108291,108292,108294,108296,108298],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,108293,142],{"class":141},[44,108295,123],{"class":115},[44,108297,70088],{"class":119},[44,108299,135],{"class":115},[44,108301,108302,108304,108306,108308],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,108303,142],{"class":141},[44,108305,123],{"class":115},[44,108307,7948],{"class":119},[44,108309,135],{"class":115},[20,108311,108312],{},[153,108313,108314],{},"What this does:",[218,108316,108317,108322,108327],{},[221,108318,108319,108320],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108321,7948],{},[221,108323,108324,108325],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108326,70088],{},[221,108328,108329],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108331,108332,89090,108334,108336,108337,108339],{},[153,108333,83949],{},[15,108335,108222],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[153,108338,4761],{}," chosen by index.",[30,108341,3802,108343,3805],{"id":108342},"what-setpop-does",[15,108344,108222],{},[20,108346,108347,790],{},[15,108348,108222],{},[218,108350,108351,108353,108356,108359],{},[221,108352,103163],{},[221,108354,108355],{},"Returns the removed item",[221,108357,108358],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[221,108360,108361],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108363,96445,108364,116],{},[200,108365,96449],{"href":97620},[30,108367,351],{"id":350},[35,108369,108371],{"className":37,"code":108370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108372,108373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108374,108375,108377,108379,108381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108376,15804],{"class":50},[44,108378,116],{"class":115},[44,108380,26376],{"class":119},[44,108382,8782],{"class":115},[20,108384,13189],{},[218,108386,108387,108393,108398],{},[221,108388,108389,108390],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108391,108392],{},"my_set.pop()",[221,108394,108395,108396],{},"It takes ",[153,108397,28824],{},[221,108399,108400],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108402,238],{},[35,108404,108406],{"className":37,"code":108405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108407,108408,108440,108454,108458,108468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108409,108410,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426,108428,108430,108432,108434,108436,108438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108411,13213],{"class":50},[44,108413,55],{"class":54},[44,108415,10629],{"class":115},[44,108417,112],{"class":58},[44,108419,13230],{"class":62},[44,108421,112],{"class":58},[44,108423,129],{"class":115},[44,108425,59],{"class":58},[44,108427,13247],{"class":62},[44,108429,112],{"class":58},[44,108431,129],{"class":115},[44,108433,59],{"class":58},[44,108435,17592],{"class":62},[44,108437,112],{"class":58},[44,108439,9447],{"class":115},[44,108441,108442,108444,108446,108448,108450,108452],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108443,28674],{"class":50},[44,108445,55],{"class":54},[44,108447,13261],{"class":50},[44,108449,116],{"class":115},[44,108451,26376],{"class":119},[44,108453,8782],{"class":115},[44,108455,108456],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,108457,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,108459,108460,108462,108464,108466],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,108461,142],{"class":141},[44,108463,123],{"class":115},[44,108465,23446],{"class":119},[44,108467,135],{"class":115},[44,108469,108470,108472,108474,108476],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,108471,142],{"class":141},[44,108473,123],{"class":115},[44,108475,17639],{"class":119},[44,108477,135],{"class":115},[30,108479,108481],{"id":108480},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108483,108484],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108486,2227],{},[218,108488,108489,108495,108498],{},[221,108490,108491,108492,108494],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108493,12902],{}," removes",[221,108496,108497],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[221,108499,108500,108501,108503],{},"You should not use ",[15,108502,12902],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108505,10599,108506,108508],{},[153,108507,4761],{}," valid:",[35,108510,108512],{"className":37,"code":108511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108513,108514,108546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108515,108516,108518,108520,108522,108524,108526,108528,108530,108532,108534,108536,108538,108540,108542,108544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108517,36376],{"class":50},[44,108519,55],{"class":54},[44,108521,10629],{"class":115},[44,108523,112],{"class":58},[44,108525,4207],{"class":62},[44,108527,112],{"class":58},[44,108529,129],{"class":115},[44,108531,59],{"class":58},[44,108533,4216],{"class":62},[44,108535,112],{"class":58},[44,108537,129],{"class":115},[44,108539,59],{"class":58},[44,108541,4225],{"class":62},[44,108543,112],{"class":58},[44,108545,9447],{"class":115},[44,108547,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108549,36428],{"class":50},[44,108551,116],{"class":115},[44,108553,26376],{"class":119},[44,108555,123],{"class":115},[44,108557,112],{"class":58},[44,108559,4207],{"class":62},[44,108561,112],{"class":58},[44,108563,135],{"class":115},[20,108565,39791,108566,108568],{},[15,108567,108222],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108570,108571,108572,3000,108576,116],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[200,108573,108574],{"href":98330},[15,108575,102989],{},[200,108577,108579],{"href":108578},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108580,102980],{},[30,108582,108584],{"id":108583},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108586,108587],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,108589,108591],{"className":37,"code":108590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108592,108593,108627,108631,108647,108651,108670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108594,108595,108598,108600,108602,108604,108606,108608,108610,108612,108614,108616,108618,108620,108623,108625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108596,108597],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,108599,55],{"class":54},[44,108601,10629],{"class":115},[44,108603,112],{"class":58},[44,108605,417],{"class":62},[44,108607,112],{"class":58},[44,108609,129],{"class":115},[44,108611,59],{"class":58},[44,108613,58258],{"class":62},[44,108615,112],{"class":58},[44,108617,129],{"class":115},[44,108619,59],{"class":58},[44,108621,108622],{"class":62},"rabbit",[44,108624,112],{"class":58},[44,108626,9447],{"class":115},[44,108628,108629],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108630,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,108632,108633,108636,108638,108641,108643,108645],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,108634,108635],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,108637,55],{"class":54},[44,108639,108640],{"class":50}," animals",[44,108642,116],{"class":115},[44,108644,26376],{"class":119},[44,108646,8782],{"class":115},[44,108648,108649],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,108650,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,108652,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661,108663,108665,108668],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,108654,142],{"class":141},[44,108656,123],{"class":115},[44,108658,112],{"class":58},[44,108660,29092],{"class":62},[44,108662,112],{"class":58},[44,108664,129],{"class":115},[44,108666,108667],{"class":119}," removed_animal",[44,108669,135],{"class":115},[44,108671,108672,108674,108676,108678,108681,108683,108685,108687],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,108673,142],{"class":141},[44,108675,123],{"class":115},[44,108677,112],{"class":58},[44,108679,108680],{"class":62},"Updated set:",[44,108682,112],{"class":58},[44,108684,129],{"class":115},[44,108686,108640],{"class":119},[44,108688,135],{"class":115},[20,108690,30166],{},[35,108692,108694],{"className":37,"code":108693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108695,108696,108705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108697,108698,108700,108702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108699,29134],{"class":50},[44,108701,790],{"class":115},[44,108703,108704],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,108706,108707,108710,108712,108714,108716,108718,108720,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108708,108709],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,108711,6423],{"class":1296},[44,108713,790],{"class":115},[44,108715,10629],{"class":115},[44,108717,1338],{"class":58},[44,108719,417],{"class":62},[44,108721,1338],{"class":58},[44,108723,129],{"class":115},[44,108725,1332],{"class":58},[44,108727,108622],{"class":62},[44,108729,1338],{"class":58},[44,108731,9447],{"class":115},[20,108733,108734],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[30,108736,108738],{"id":108737},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108740,29786,108741,108743,108744,116],{},[15,108742,12902],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108745,19825],{},[20,108747,238],{},[35,108749,108751],{"className":37,"code":108750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108752,108753,108763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108754,108755,108757,108759,108761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108756,7917],{"class":50},[44,108758,55],{"class":54},[44,108760,15771],{"class":1296},[44,108762,8782],{"class":115},[44,108764,108765,108767,108769,108771],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108766,7948],{"class":50},[44,108768,116],{"class":115},[44,108770,26376],{"class":119},[44,108772,8782],{"class":115},[20,108774,108775],{},"This raises:",[35,108777,108779],{"className":37,"code":108778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108780,108781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108782,108783,108785,108787,108789,108792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108784,19825],{"class":1296},[44,108786,790],{"class":115},[44,108788,1332],{"class":58},[44,108790,108791],{"class":62},"pop from an empty set",[44,108793,29836],{"class":58},[20,108795,108796,108797,108800],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[200,108798,108799],{"href":11214},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1474,108802,108804,108805],{"id":108803},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108806,12902],{},[20,108808,108809],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,108811,108813],{"className":37,"code":108812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108814,108815,108825,108829,108837,108852,108871,108877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108816,108817,108819,108821,108823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108818,7917],{"class":50},[44,108820,55],{"class":54},[44,108822,15771],{"class":1296},[44,108824,8782],{"class":115},[44,108826,108827],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108828,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,108830,108831,108833,108835],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,108832,7135],{"class":4003},[44,108834,6101],{"class":50},[44,108836,6530],{"class":115},[44,108838,108839,108842,108844,108846,108848,108850],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,108840,108841],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,108843,55],{"class":54},[44,108845,6101],{"class":50},[44,108847,116],{"class":115},[44,108849,26376],{"class":119},[44,108851,8782],{"class":115},[44,108853,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864,108866,108869],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,108855,8206],{"class":141},[44,108857,123],{"class":115},[44,108859,112],{"class":58},[44,108861,29092],{"class":62},[44,108863,112],{"class":58},[44,108865,129],{"class":115},[44,108867,108868],{"class":119}," removed",[44,108870,135],{"class":115},[44,108872,108873,108875],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,108874,27569],{"class":4003},[44,108876,6530],{"class":115},[44,108878,108879,108881,108883,108885,108888,108890],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,108880,8206],{"class":141},[44,108882,123],{"class":115},[44,108884,112],{"class":58},[44,108886,108887],{"class":62},"The set is empty.",[44,108889,112],{"class":58},[44,108891,135],{"class":115},[1474,108893,189,108895,536,108897],{"id":108894},"use-try-and-except",[15,108896,29940],{},[15,108898,29971],{},[20,108900,108901],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,108903,108905],{"className":37,"code":108904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108906,108907,108917,108921,108927,108941,108959,108967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108908,108909,108911,108913,108915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108910,7917],{"class":50},[44,108912,55],{"class":54},[44,108914,15771],{"class":1296},[44,108916,8782],{"class":115},[44,108918,108919],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,108920,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,108922,108923,108925],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,108924,29940],{"class":4003},[44,108926,6530],{"class":115},[44,108928,108929,108931,108933,108935,108937,108939],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,108930,108841],{"class":50},[44,108932,55],{"class":54},[44,108934,6101],{"class":50},[44,108936,116],{"class":115},[44,108938,26376],{"class":119},[44,108940,8782],{"class":115},[44,108942,108943,108945,108947,108949,108951,108953,108955,108957],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,108944,8206],{"class":141},[44,108946,123],{"class":115},[44,108948,112],{"class":58},[44,108950,29092],{"class":62},[44,108952,112],{"class":58},[44,108954,129],{"class":115},[44,108956,108868],{"class":119},[44,108958,135],{"class":115},[44,108960,108961,108963,108965],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,108962,29971],{"class":4003},[44,108964,29974],{"class":1296},[44,108966,6530],{"class":115},[44,108968,108969,108971,108973,108975,108978,108980],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,108970,8206],{"class":141},[44,108972,123],{"class":115},[44,108974,112],{"class":58},[44,108976,108977],{"class":62},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,108979,112],{"class":58},[44,108981,135],{"class":115},[30,108983,5092,108985,10724,108987,10724,108989],{"id":108984},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108986,12902],{},[15,108988,55659],{},[15,108990,102975],{},[20,108992,108993],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1474,108995,189,108997],{"id":108996},"use-pop",[15,108998,12902],{},[20,109000,189,109001,10740],{},[15,109002,12902],{},[218,109004,109005,109011,109014],{},[221,109006,109007,109008],{},"You want to remove ",[153,109009,109010],{},"any one item",[221,109012,109013],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[221,109015,109016],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,109018,109020],{"className":37,"code":109019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,109021,109022,109042,109056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109023,109024,109026,109028,109030,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109025,3739],{"class":50},[44,109027,55],{"class":54},[44,109029,10629],{"class":115},[44,109031,3111],{"class":77},[44,109033,129],{"class":115},[44,109035,3116],{"class":77},[44,109037,129],{"class":115},[44,109039,2573],{"class":77},[44,109041,9447],{"class":115},[44,109043,109044,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109045,2568],{"class":50},[44,109047,55],{"class":54},[44,109049,4392],{"class":50},[44,109051,116],{"class":115},[44,109053,26376],{"class":119},[44,109055,8782],{"class":115},[44,109057,109058,109060,109062,109064],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,109059,142],{"class":141},[44,109061,123],{"class":115},[44,109063,379],{"class":119},[44,109065,135],{"class":115},[1474,109067,189,109069],{"id":109068},"use-remove",[15,109070,55659],{},[20,109072,189,109073,10740],{},[15,109074,55659],{},[218,109076,109077,109083],{},[221,109078,109079,109080],{},"You want to delete a ",[153,109081,109082],{},"specific item",[221,109084,109085],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,109087,109089],{"className":37,"code":109088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109090,109091,109111,109125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109092,109093,109095,109097,109099,109101,109103,109105,109107,109109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109094,3739],{"class":50},[44,109096,55],{"class":54},[44,109098,10629],{"class":115},[44,109100,3111],{"class":77},[44,109102,129],{"class":115},[44,109104,3116],{"class":77},[44,109106,129],{"class":115},[44,109108,2573],{"class":77},[44,109110,9447],{"class":115},[44,109112,109113,109115,109117,109119,109121,109123],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109114,3771],{"class":50},[44,109116,116],{"class":115},[44,109118,34930],{"class":119},[44,109120,123],{"class":115},[44,109122,2177],{"class":77},[44,109124,135],{"class":115},[44,109126,109127,109129,109131,109133],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,109128,142],{"class":141},[44,109130,123],{"class":115},[44,109132,3771],{"class":119},[44,109134,135],{"class":115},[20,109136,109137,109138,109140,109141,109145],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109139,55659],{}," raises an error. See the ",[200,109142,109143,10880],{"href":98330},[15,109144,102989],{}," for details.",[1474,109147,189,109149],{"id":109148},"use-discard",[15,109150,102975],{},[20,109152,189,109153,10740],{},[15,109154,102975],{},[218,109156,109157,109161],{},[221,109158,109079,109159],{},[153,109160,109082],{},[221,109162,109163,109164,109166],{},"You do ",[153,109165,4761],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,109168,109170],{"className":37,"code":109169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109171,109172,109192,109206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109173,109174,109176,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109175,3739],{"class":50},[44,109177,55],{"class":54},[44,109179,10629],{"class":115},[44,109181,3111],{"class":77},[44,109183,129],{"class":115},[44,109185,3116],{"class":77},[44,109187,129],{"class":115},[44,109189,2573],{"class":77},[44,109191,9447],{"class":115},[44,109193,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109195,3771],{"class":50},[44,109197,116],{"class":115},[44,109199,103042],{"class":119},[44,109201,123],{"class":115},[44,109203,2257],{"class":77},[44,109205,135],{"class":115},[44,109207,109208,109210,109212,109214],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,109209,142],{"class":141},[44,109211,123],{"class":115},[44,109213,3771],{"class":119},[44,109215,135],{"class":115},[20,109217,109218,109219,109221,109222,109226],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109220,2257],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[200,109223,109224,10880],{"href":108578},[15,109225,102980],{}," for more examples.",[30,109228,1467],{"id":1466},[20,109230,71611,109231,790],{},[15,109232,108222],{},[218,109234,109235,109241,109246,109251],{},[221,109236,109237,109238],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109239,109240],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[221,109242,1707,109243,109245],{},[15,109244,12902],{}," to remove the first or last item",[221,109247,29786,109248,109250],{},[15,109249,12902],{}," on an empty set",[221,109252,8556,109253,109255],{},[15,109254,12902],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109257,62427],{},[35,109259,109261],{"className":37,"code":109260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109262,109263,109273,109287,109301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109264,109265,109267,109269,109271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109266,142],{"class":141},[44,109268,123],{"class":115},[44,109270,15804],{"class":119},[44,109272,135],{"class":115},[44,109274,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283,109285],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109276,142],{"class":141},[44,109278,123],{"class":115},[44,109280,11302],{"class":141},[44,109282,123],{"class":115},[44,109284,15804],{"class":119},[44,109286,567],{"class":115},[44,109288,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,109290,142],{"class":141},[44,109292,123],{"class":115},[44,109294,1297],{"class":1296},[44,109296,123],{"class":115},[44,109298,15804],{"class":119},[44,109300,567],{"class":115},[44,109302,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,109304,28674],{"class":50},[44,109306,55],{"class":54},[44,109308,97045],{"class":50},[44,109310,116],{"class":115},[44,109312,26376],{"class":119},[44,109314,8782],{"class":115},[20,109316,26143],{},[218,109318,109319,109322,109325,109328],{},[221,109320,109321],{},"What values are in the set",[221,109323,109324],{},"Whether the set is empty",[221,109326,109327],{},"That the object is really a set",[221,109329,109330],{},"What value was actually removed",[30,109332,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,109334,12844,109336,109338],{"id":109335},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109337,108222],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109340,109341,109342,109344],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109343,12902],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1474,109346,109348,109349,1995],{"id":109347},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109350,108222],{},[20,109352,109353,109354,109356,109357,109359],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109355,12902],{},", set ",[15,109358,12902],{}," does not accept an index.",[1474,109361,109363],{"id":109362},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109365,71780,109366,44764,109368,109370],{},[15,109367,19825],{},[15,109369,12902],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1474,109372,109374],{"id":109373},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109376,189,109377,3000,109379,11232,109381,116],{},[15,109378,55659],{},[15,109380,102975],{},[15,109382,12902],{},[30,109384,2019],{"id":2018},[218,109386,109387,109391,109397,109403,109407],{},[221,109388,109389],{},[200,109390,96449],{"href":97620},[221,109392,109393],{},[200,109394,96935,109395,10880],{"href":98330},[15,109396,55659],{},[221,109398,109399],{},[200,109400,96935,109401,10880],{"href":108578},[15,109402,102975],{},[221,109404,109405],{},[200,109406,11403],{"href":11214},[221,109408,109409],{},[200,109410,55645],{"href":55197},[2048,109412,109413],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":109415},[109416,109417,109419,109420,109421,109422,109428,109437,109438,109446],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":108342,"depth":69,"text":109418},"What set.pop() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":108480,"depth":69,"text":108481},{"id":108583,"depth":69,"text":108584},{"id":108737,"depth":69,"text":108738,"children":109423},[109424,109426],{"id":108803,"depth":81,"text":109425},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108894,"depth":81,"text":109427},"Use try and except",{"id":108984,"depth":69,"text":109429,"children":109430},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109431,109433,109435],{"id":108996,"depth":81,"text":109432},"Use pop()",{"id":109068,"depth":81,"text":109434},"Use remove()",{"id":109148,"depth":81,"text":109436},"Use discard()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":109439},[109440,109442,109444,109445],{"id":109335,"depth":81,"text":109441},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109347,"depth":81,"text":109443},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109362,"depth":81,"text":109363},{"id":109373,"depth":81,"text":109374},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108210,"description":109447},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109454,"title":109455,"body":109456,"description":110610,"extension":2084,"meta":110611,"navigation":84,"path":110612,"seo":110613,"stem":110614,"__hash__":110615},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109457,"toc":110578},[109458,109463,109468,109477,109479,109544,109548,109572,109579,109584,109588,109603,109606,109608,109627,109641,109644,109692,109696,109712,109714,109787,109791,109816,109822,109830,109834,109841,109896,109901,109918,109924,109930,109935,109943,109950,109954,109962,110017,110019,110036,110040,110047,110112,110116,110149,110151,110163,110170,110172,110177,110184,110186,110255,110259,110267,110269,110333,110337,110342,110389,110394,110462,110470,110477,110480,110486,110491,110495,110497,110500,110502,110507,110512,110518,110523,110530,110538,110544,110547,110549,110575],[10,109459,96321,109461,18],{"id":109460},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109462,55659],{},[20,109464,109465,109467],{},[15,109466,102989],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109469,109470,109471,109474,109475,116],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[153,109472,109473],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109476,19825],{},[30,109478,33],{"id":32},[35,109480,109482],{"className":37,"code":109481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109483,109484,109516,109534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109485,109486,109488,109490,109492,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109487,13213],{"class":50},[44,109489,55],{"class":54},[44,109491,10629],{"class":115},[44,109493,112],{"class":58},[44,109495,13230],{"class":62},[44,109497,112],{"class":58},[44,109499,129],{"class":115},[44,109501,59],{"class":58},[44,109503,13247],{"class":62},[44,109505,112],{"class":58},[44,109507,129],{"class":115},[44,109509,59],{"class":58},[44,109511,17592],{"class":62},[44,109513,112],{"class":58},[44,109515,9447],{"class":115},[44,109517,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109519,17639],{"class":50},[44,109521,116],{"class":115},[44,109523,34930],{"class":119},[44,109525,123],{"class":115},[44,109527,112],{"class":58},[44,109529,13247],{"class":62},[44,109531,112],{"class":58},[44,109533,135],{"class":115},[44,109535,109536,109538,109540,109542],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,109537,142],{"class":141},[44,109539,123],{"class":115},[44,109541,17639],{"class":119},[44,109543,135],{"class":115},[20,109545,109546],{},[153,109547,30166],{},[35,109549,109550],{"className":37,"code":103669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109551,109552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109553,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109555,1072],{"class":115},[44,109557,1338],{"class":58},[44,109559,13230],{"class":62},[44,109561,1338],{"class":58},[44,109563,129],{"class":115},[44,109565,1332],{"class":58},[44,109567,17592],{"class":62},[44,109569,1338],{"class":58},[44,109571,9447],{"class":115},[20,109573,189,109574,109576,109577,116],{},[15,109575,55659],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109578,19825],{},[30,109580,3802,109582,3805],{"id":109581},"what-setremove-does",[15,109583,102989],{},[20,109585,109586,790],{},[15,109587,102989],{},[218,109589,109590,109593,109595,109597],{},[221,109591,109592],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[221,109594,96436],{},[221,109596,96439],{},[221,109598,109599,109600,109602],{},"Raises ",[15,109601,19825],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109604,109605],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[30,109607,351],{"id":350},[35,109609,109611],{"className":37,"code":109610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109612,109613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109614,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109616,15804],{"class":50},[44,109618,116],{"class":115},[44,109620,34930],{"class":119},[44,109622,123],{"class":115},[44,109624,379],{"class":119},[44,109626,135],{"class":115},[218,109628,109629,109633,109638],{},[221,109630,109631,103211],{},[15,109632,15804],{},[221,109634,109635,109637],{},[15,109636,379],{}," is the item to remove",[221,109639,109640],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109642,109643],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,109645,109646],{"className":37,"code":109088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109647,109648,109668,109682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109649,109650,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660,109662,109664,109666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109651,3739],{"class":50},[44,109653,55],{"class":54},[44,109655,10629],{"class":115},[44,109657,3111],{"class":77},[44,109659,129],{"class":115},[44,109661,3116],{"class":77},[44,109663,129],{"class":115},[44,109665,2573],{"class":77},[44,109667,9447],{"class":115},[44,109669,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109671,3771],{"class":50},[44,109673,116],{"class":115},[44,109675,34930],{"class":119},[44,109677,123],{"class":115},[44,109679,2177],{"class":77},[44,109681,135],{"class":115},[44,109683,109684,109686,109688,109690],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,109685,142],{"class":141},[44,109687,123],{"class":115},[44,109689,3771],{"class":119},[44,109691,135],{"class":115},[20,109693,109694],{},[153,109695,30166],{},[35,109697,109698],{"className":37,"code":101419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109699,109700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109701,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109703,1072],{"class":115},[44,109705,3111],{"class":77},[44,109707,129],{"class":115},[44,109709,2573],{"class":77},[44,109711,9447],{"class":115},[30,109713,11615],{"id":11614},[35,109715,109717],{"className":37,"code":109716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109718,109719,109751,109755,109773,109777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109720,109721,109723,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733,109735,109737,109739,109741,109743,109745,109747,109749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109722,36376],{"class":50},[44,109724,55],{"class":54},[44,109726,10629],{"class":115},[44,109728,112],{"class":58},[44,109730,4207],{"class":62},[44,109732,112],{"class":58},[44,109734,129],{"class":115},[44,109736,59],{"class":58},[44,109738,4216],{"class":62},[44,109740,112],{"class":58},[44,109742,129],{"class":115},[44,109744,59],{"class":58},[44,109746,33357],{"class":62},[44,109748,112],{"class":58},[44,109750,9447],{"class":115},[44,109752,109753],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109754,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,109756,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,109758,36428],{"class":50},[44,109760,116],{"class":115},[44,109762,34930],{"class":119},[44,109764,123],{"class":115},[44,109766,112],{"class":58},[44,109768,4216],{"class":62},[44,109770,112],{"class":58},[44,109772,135],{"class":115},[44,109774,109775],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,109776,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,109778,109779,109781,109783,109785],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,109780,142],{"class":141},[44,109782,123],{"class":115},[44,109784,36428],{"class":119},[44,109786,135],{"class":115},[20,109788,109789],{},[153,109790,30166],{},[35,109792,109794],{"className":37,"code":109793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109795,109796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109797,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109799,1072],{"class":115},[44,109801,1338],{"class":58},[44,109803,4207],{"class":62},[44,109805,1338],{"class":58},[44,109807,129],{"class":115},[44,109809,1332],{"class":58},[44,109811,33357],{"class":62},[44,109813,1338],{"class":58},[44,109815,9447],{"class":115},[20,109817,109818,109819,109821],{},"This removes ",[15,109820,65407],{}," from the set.",[20,109823,109824,109825,109827,109828,116],{},"A set does ",[153,109826,4761],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[200,109829,96453],{"href":98004},[30,109831,109833],{"id":109832},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109835,109836,109837,52624,109839,116],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109838,55659],{},[15,109840,19825],{},[35,109842,109844],{"className":37,"code":109843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109845,109846,109878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109847,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866,109868,109870,109872,109874,109876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109849,13213],{"class":50},[44,109851,55],{"class":54},[44,109853,10629],{"class":115},[44,109855,112],{"class":58},[44,109857,13230],{"class":62},[44,109859,112],{"class":58},[44,109861,129],{"class":115},[44,109863,59],{"class":58},[44,109865,13247],{"class":62},[44,109867,112],{"class":58},[44,109869,129],{"class":115},[44,109871,59],{"class":58},[44,109873,17592],{"class":62},[44,109875,112],{"class":58},[44,109877,9447],{"class":115},[44,109879,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892,109894],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,109881,17639],{"class":50},[44,109883,116],{"class":115},[44,109885,34930],{"class":119},[44,109887,123],{"class":115},[44,109889,112],{"class":58},[44,109891,22659],{"class":62},[44,109893,112],{"class":58},[44,109895,135],{"class":115},[20,109897,109898],{},[153,109899,109900],{},"Result:",[35,109902,109904],{"className":37,"code":109903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109905,109906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109907,109908,109910,109912,109914,109916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109909,19825],{"class":1296},[44,109911,790],{"class":115},[44,109913,1332],{"class":58},[44,109915,22659],{"class":62},[44,109917,29836],{"class":58},[20,109919,22326,109920,109923],{},[15,109921,109922],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109925,109926,109927,109929],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109928,55659],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109931,109932,109933,116],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[200,109934,11403],{"href":11214},[30,109936,4327,109938,109940,109941],{"id":109937},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109939,55659],{}," is different from ",[15,109942,102975],{},[20,109944,109945,536,109947,109949],{},[15,109946,55659],{},[15,109948,102975],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1474,109951,109952],{"id":34930},[15,109953,55659],{},[218,109955,109956,109959],{},[221,109957,109958],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[221,109960,109961],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,109963,109965],{"className":37,"code":109964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109966,109967,109999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109968,109969,109971,109973,109975,109977,109979,109981,109983,109985,109987,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109970,36227],{"class":50},[44,109972,55],{"class":54},[44,109974,10629],{"class":115},[44,109976,112],{"class":58},[44,109978,200],{"class":62},[44,109980,112],{"class":58},[44,109982,129],{"class":115},[44,109984,59],{"class":58},[44,109986,4891],{"class":62},[44,109988,112],{"class":58},[44,109990,129],{"class":115},[44,109992,59],{"class":58},[44,109994,9878],{"class":62},[44,109996,112],{"class":58},[44,109998,9447],{"class":115},[44,110000,110001,110003,110005,110007,110009,110011,110013,110015],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110002,36280],{"class":50},[44,110004,116],{"class":115},[44,110006,34930],{"class":119},[44,110008,123],{"class":115},[44,110010,112],{"class":58},[44,110012,18905],{"class":62},[44,110014,112],{"class":58},[44,110016,135],{"class":115},[20,110018,108775],{},[35,110020,110022],{"className":37,"code":110021,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,110023,110024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110025,110026,110028,110030,110032,110034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110027,19825],{"class":1296},[44,110029,790],{"class":115},[44,110031,1332],{"class":58},[44,110033,18905],{"class":62},[44,110035,29836],{"class":58},[1474,110037,110038],{"id":103042},[15,110039,102975],{},[218,110041,110042,110044],{},[221,110043,109958],{},[221,110045,110046],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,110048,110050],{"className":37,"code":110049,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110051,110052,110084,110102],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110053,110054,110056,110058,110060,110062,110064,110066,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110055,36227],{"class":50},[44,110057,55],{"class":54},[44,110059,10629],{"class":115},[44,110061,112],{"class":58},[44,110063,200],{"class":62},[44,110065,112],{"class":58},[44,110067,129],{"class":115},[44,110069,59],{"class":58},[44,110071,4891],{"class":62},[44,110073,112],{"class":58},[44,110075,129],{"class":115},[44,110077,59],{"class":58},[44,110079,9878],{"class":62},[44,110081,112],{"class":58},[44,110083,9447],{"class":115},[44,110085,110086,110088,110090,110092,110094,110096,110098,110100],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110087,36280],{"class":50},[44,110089,116],{"class":115},[44,110091,103042],{"class":119},[44,110093,123],{"class":115},[44,110095,112],{"class":58},[44,110097,18905],{"class":62},[44,110099,112],{"class":58},[44,110101,135],{"class":115},[44,110103,110104,110106,110108,110110],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,110105,142],{"class":141},[44,110107,123],{"class":115},[44,110109,36280],{"class":119},[44,110111,135],{"class":115},[20,110113,110114],{},[153,110115,155],{},[35,110117,110119],{"className":37,"code":110118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110120,110121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110122,110123,110125,110127,110129,110131,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110124,1072],{"class":115},[44,110126,1338],{"class":58},[44,110128,200],{"class":62},[44,110130,1338],{"class":58},[44,110132,129],{"class":115},[44,110134,1332],{"class":58},[44,110136,4891],{"class":62},[44,110138,1338],{"class":58},[44,110140,129],{"class":115},[44,110142,1332],{"class":58},[44,110144,9878],{"class":62},[44,110146,1338],{"class":58},[44,110148,9447],{"class":115},[20,110150,18832],{},[218,110152,110153,110158],{},[221,110154,110155,110157],{},[15,110156,55659],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[221,110159,110160,110162],{},[15,110161,102975],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110164,110165,110166,116],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[200,110167,96935,110168,10880],{"href":108578},[15,110169,102975],{},[30,110171,4648],{"id":4647},[1474,110173,1707,110175,97315],{"id":110174},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110176,55659],{},[20,110178,110179,110181,110182,116],{},[15,110180,55659],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110183,3904],{},[20,110185,16781],{},[35,110187,110189],{"className":37,"code":110188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110190,110191,110223,110245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110192,110193,110195,110197,110199,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110194,13213],{"class":50},[44,110196,55],{"class":54},[44,110198,10629],{"class":115},[44,110200,112],{"class":58},[44,110202,13230],{"class":62},[44,110204,112],{"class":58},[44,110206,129],{"class":115},[44,110208,59],{"class":58},[44,110210,13247],{"class":62},[44,110212,112],{"class":58},[44,110214,129],{"class":115},[44,110216,59],{"class":58},[44,110218,17592],{"class":62},[44,110220,112],{"class":58},[44,110222,9447],{"class":115},[44,110224,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110226,13256],{"class":50},[44,110228,55],{"class":54},[44,110230,13261],{"class":50},[44,110232,116],{"class":115},[44,110234,34930],{"class":119},[44,110236,123],{"class":115},[44,110238,112],{"class":58},[44,110240,13247],{"class":62},[44,110242,112],{"class":58},[44,110244,135],{"class":115},[44,110246,110247,110249,110251,110253],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,110248,142],{"class":141},[44,110250,123],{"class":115},[44,110252,13280],{"class":119},[44,110254,135],{"class":115},[20,110256,110257],{},[153,110258,155],{},[35,110260,110261],{"className":37,"code":11948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110262,110263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110264,110265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110266,11948],{"class":3978},[20,110268,16793],{},[35,110270,110271],{"className":37,"code":109481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110272,110273,110305,110323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110274,110275,110277,110279,110281,110283,110285,110287,110289,110291,110293,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110276,13213],{"class":50},[44,110278,55],{"class":54},[44,110280,10629],{"class":115},[44,110282,112],{"class":58},[44,110284,13230],{"class":62},[44,110286,112],{"class":58},[44,110288,129],{"class":115},[44,110290,59],{"class":58},[44,110292,13247],{"class":62},[44,110294,112],{"class":58},[44,110296,129],{"class":115},[44,110298,59],{"class":58},[44,110300,17592],{"class":62},[44,110302,112],{"class":58},[44,110304,9447],{"class":115},[44,110306,110307,110309,110311,110313,110315,110317,110319,110321],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110308,17639],{"class":50},[44,110310,116],{"class":115},[44,110312,34930],{"class":119},[44,110314,123],{"class":115},[44,110316,112],{"class":58},[44,110318,13247],{"class":62},[44,110320,112],{"class":58},[44,110322,135],{"class":115},[44,110324,110325,110327,110329,110331],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,110326,142],{"class":141},[44,110328,123],{"class":115},[44,110330,17639],{"class":119},[44,110332,135],{"class":115},[1474,110334,110336],{"id":110335},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110338,110339,110340,116],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110341,19825],{},[35,110343,110345],{"className":37,"code":110344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110346,110347,110371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110348,110349,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110350,13213],{"class":50},[44,110352,55],{"class":54},[44,110354,10629],{"class":115},[44,110356,112],{"class":58},[44,110358,13230],{"class":62},[44,110360,112],{"class":58},[44,110362,129],{"class":115},[44,110364,59],{"class":58},[44,110366,13247],{"class":62},[44,110368,112],{"class":58},[44,110370,9447],{"class":115},[44,110372,110373,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110374,17639],{"class":50},[44,110376,116],{"class":115},[44,110378,34930],{"class":119},[44,110380,123],{"class":115},[44,110382,112],{"class":58},[44,110384,17592],{"class":62},[44,110386,112],{"class":58},[44,110388,135],{"class":115},[20,110390,110391,110392,790],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110393,887],{},[35,110395,110397],{"className":37,"code":110396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110398,110399,110423,110427,110443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110400,110401,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413,110415,110417,110419,110421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110402,13213],{"class":50},[44,110404,55],{"class":54},[44,110406,10629],{"class":115},[44,110408,112],{"class":58},[44,110410,13230],{"class":62},[44,110412,112],{"class":58},[44,110414,129],{"class":115},[44,110416,59],{"class":58},[44,110418,13247],{"class":62},[44,110420,112],{"class":58},[44,110422,9447],{"class":115},[44,110424,110425],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110426,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,110428,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437,110439,110441],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,110430,7135],{"class":4003},[44,110432,59],{"class":58},[44,110434,17592],{"class":62},[44,110436,112],{"class":58},[44,110438,21311],{"class":54},[44,110440,13261],{"class":50},[44,110442,6530],{"class":115},[44,110444,110445,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458,110460],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,110446,110447],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,110449,116],{"class":115},[44,110451,34930],{"class":119},[44,110453,123],{"class":115},[44,110455,112],{"class":58},[44,110457,17592],{"class":62},[44,110459,112],{"class":58},[44,110461,135],{"class":115},[20,110463,110464,110465,110469],{},"Or use ",[200,110466,110467],{"href":108578},[15,110468,102975],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1474,110471,37341,110473,8844,110475],{"id":110472},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110474,102989],{},[15,110476,55205],{},[20,110478,110479],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110481,110482,110483,110485],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110484,102989],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110487,110488,110489,116],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[200,110490,99199],{"href":99198},[1474,110492,110494],{"id":110493},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110496,108484],{},[20,110498,110499],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[30,110501,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,110503,12844,110505,97414],{"id":110504},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110506,102989],{},[20,110508,110509,110510,116],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110511,3904],{},[1474,110513,30424,110515,110517],{"id":110514},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110516,102989],{}," raise?",[20,110519,30430,110520,110522],{},[15,110521,19825],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1474,110524,21558,110526,3000,110528,1995],{"id":110525},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110527,55659],{},[15,110529,102975],{},[20,110531,189,110532,110534,110535,110537],{},[15,110533,55659],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110536,102975],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1474,110539,5302,110541,110543],{"id":110540},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110542,102989],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110545,110546],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[30,110548,2019],{"id":2018},[218,110550,110551,110557,110563,110567,110571],{},[221,110552,110553],{},[200,110554,96935,110555,10880],{"href":108578},[15,110556,102975],{},[221,110558,110559],{},[200,110560,96935,110561,10880],{"href":98335},[15,110562,12902],{},[221,110564,110565],{},[200,110566,97459],{"href":98004},[221,110568,110569],{},[200,110570,100465],{"href":99198},[221,110572,110573],{},[200,110574,11403],{"href":11214},[2048,110576,110577],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":110579},[110580,110581,110583,110584,110585,110586,110591,110599,110609],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":109581,"depth":69,"text":110582},"What set.remove() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":109832,"depth":69,"text":109833},{"id":109937,"depth":69,"text":110587,"children":110588},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110589,110590],{"id":34930,"depth":81,"text":55659},{"id":103042,"depth":81,"text":102975},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":110592},[110593,110595,110596,110598],{"id":110174,"depth":81,"text":110594},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110335,"depth":81,"text":110336},{"id":110472,"depth":81,"text":110597},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110493,"depth":81,"text":110494},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":110600},[110601,110603,110605,110607],{"id":110504,"depth":81,"text":110602},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110514,"depth":81,"text":110604},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110525,"depth":81,"text":110606},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110540,"depth":81,"text":110608},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109455,"description":110610},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110617,"title":110618,"body":110619,"description":111992,"extension":2084,"meta":111993,"navigation":84,"path":111994,"seo":111995,"stem":111996,"__hash__":111997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110620,"toc":111967},[110621,110627,110633,110636,110639,110653,110655,110736,110739,110744,110748,110762,110769,110771,110790,110793,110811,110813,110893,110895,110920,110924,110927,110935,110940,110945,110947,110960,110965,110968,110992,110995,111003,111005,111008,111105,111107,111140,111142,111168,111175,111178,111182,111190,111194,111202,111204,111294,111296,111310,111317,111322,111327,111329,111420,111422,111434,111436,111450,111456,111464,111466,111548,111550,111595,111598,111606,111609,111611,111615,111658,111660,111680,111685,111687,111772,111774,111779,111781,111788,111796,111802,111805,111807,111893,111895,111919,111923,111926,111928,111955,111965],[10,110622,96321,110624,18],{"id":110623},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110625,110626],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110628,110629,110632],{},[15,110630,110631],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110634,110635],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110637,110638],{},"Use it when:",[218,110640,110641,110644,110650],{},[221,110642,110643],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[221,110645,110646,110647,110649],{},"you do ",[153,110648,4761],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[221,110651,110652],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[30,110654,3729],{"id":3728},[35,110656,110658],{"className":37,"code":110657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110659,110660,110680,110700,110704,110723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110661,110662,110664,110666,110668,110670,110672,110674,110676,110678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110663,2676],{"class":50},[44,110665,55],{"class":54},[44,110667,10629],{"class":115},[44,110669,3111],{"class":77},[44,110671,129],{"class":115},[44,110673,3116],{"class":77},[44,110675,129],{"class":115},[44,110677,2573],{"class":77},[44,110679,9447],{"class":115},[44,110681,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110683,2704],{"class":50},[44,110685,55],{"class":54},[44,110687,10629],{"class":115},[44,110689,2183],{"class":77},[44,110691,129],{"class":115},[44,110693,2579],{"class":77},[44,110695,129],{"class":115},[44,110697,4735],{"class":77},[44,110699,9447],{"class":115},[44,110701,110702],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,110703,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,110705,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714,110717,110719,110721],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,110707,2351],{"class":50},[44,110709,55],{"class":54},[44,110711,57018],{"class":50},[44,110713,116],{"class":115},[44,110715,110716],{"class":119},"symmetric_difference",[44,110718,123],{"class":115},[44,110720,4891],{"class":119},[44,110722,135],{"class":115},[44,110724,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,110726,142],{"class":141},[44,110728,123],{"class":115},[44,110730,2386],{"class":119},[44,110732,3784],{"class":115},[44,110734,110735],{"class":3787},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110737,110738],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[30,110740,3802,110742,3805],{"id":110741},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110743,110626],{},[20,110745,110746,790],{},[15,110747,110631],{},[218,110749,110750,110753,110756,110759],{},[221,110751,110752],{},"returns a new set",[221,110754,110755],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[221,110757,110758],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[221,110760,110761],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110763,96445,110764,3000,110766,116],{},[200,110765,96449],{"href":96448},[200,110767,110768],{"href":96452},"creating a set in Python",[30,110770,351],{"id":350},[35,110772,110774],{"className":37,"code":110773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110775,110776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110777,110778,110780,110782,110784,110786,110788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110779,100706],{"class":50},[44,110781,116],{"class":115},[44,110783,110716],{"class":119},[44,110785,123],{"class":115},[44,110787,100715],{"class":119},[44,110789,135],{"class":115},[20,110791,110792],{},"Notes:",[218,110794,110795,110800,110805,110808],{},[221,110796,110797,110799],{},[15,110798,100706],{}," must be a set",[221,110801,110802,110804],{},[15,110803,100715],{}," can be any iterable",[221,110806,110807],{},"the result is always a set",[221,110809,110810],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110812,238],{},[35,110814,110816],{"className":37,"code":110815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110817,110818,110839,110860,110864,110883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110819,110820,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110821,110822],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,110824,55],{"class":54},[44,110826,10629],{"class":115},[44,110828,3111],{"class":77},[44,110830,129],{"class":115},[44,110832,3116],{"class":77},[44,110834,129],{"class":115},[44,110836,2573],{"class":77},[44,110838,9447],{"class":115},[44,110840,110841,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,110842,110843],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,110845,55],{"class":54},[44,110847,10629],{"class":115},[44,110849,2183],{"class":77},[44,110851,129],{"class":115},[44,110853,2579],{"class":77},[44,110855,129],{"class":115},[44,110857,4735],{"class":77},[44,110859,9447],{"class":115},[44,110861,110862],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,110863,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,110865,110866,110868,110870,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,110867,2351],{"class":50},[44,110869,55],{"class":54},[44,110871,110872],{"class":50}," set1",[44,110874,116],{"class":115},[44,110876,110716],{"class":119},[44,110878,123],{"class":115},[44,110880,100715],{"class":119},[44,110882,135],{"class":115},[44,110884,110885,110887,110889,110891],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,110886,142],{"class":141},[44,110888,123],{"class":115},[44,110890,2386],{"class":119},[44,110892,135],{"class":115},[20,110894,155],{},[35,110896,110898],{"className":37,"code":110897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110899,110900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110901,110902,110904,110906,110908,110910,110912,110914,110916,110918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110903,1072],{"class":115},[44,110905,3111],{"class":77},[44,110907,129],{"class":115},[44,110909,3116],{"class":77},[44,110911,129],{"class":115},[44,110913,2579],{"class":77},[44,110915,129],{"class":115},[44,110917,4735],{"class":77},[44,110919,9447],{"class":115},[30,110921,110923],{"id":110922},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110925,110926],{},"The result includes:",[218,110928,110929,110932],{},[221,110930,110931],{},"items only in the first set",[221,110933,110934],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110936,110937,110938,11223],{},"The result does ",[153,110939,4761],{},[218,110941,110942],{},[221,110943,110944],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110946,5606],{},[218,110948,110949,110954],{},[221,110950,110951,110952],{},"first set: ",[15,110953,100403],{},[221,110955,110956,110957],{},"second set: ",[15,110958,110959],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110961,4177,110962,110964],{},[15,110963,2183],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110966,110967],{},"The output is:",[35,110969,110970],{"className":37,"code":110897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110971,110972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110973,110974,110976,110978,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110975,1072],{"class":115},[44,110977,3111],{"class":77},[44,110979,129],{"class":115},[44,110981,3116],{"class":77},[44,110983,129],{"class":115},[44,110985,2579],{"class":77},[44,110987,129],{"class":115},[44,110989,4735],{"class":77},[44,110991,9447],{"class":115},[20,110993,110994],{},"Also remember:",[218,110996,110997,111000],{},[221,110998,110999],{},"sets are unordered",[221,111001,111002],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[30,111004,11615],{"id":11614},[20,111006,111007],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,111009,111011],{"className":37,"code":111010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111012,111013,111045,111069,111073,111091,111095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111014,111015,111017,111019,111021,111023,111025,111027,111029,111031,111033,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111016,107146],{"class":50},[44,111018,55],{"class":54},[44,111020,10629],{"class":115},[44,111022,112],{"class":58},[44,111024,13230],{"class":62},[44,111026,112],{"class":58},[44,111028,129],{"class":115},[44,111030,59],{"class":58},[44,111032,13247],{"class":62},[44,111034,112],{"class":58},[44,111036,129],{"class":115},[44,111038,59],{"class":58},[44,111040,17592],{"class":62},[44,111042,112],{"class":58},[44,111044,9447],{"class":115},[44,111046,111047,111049,111051,111053,111055,111057,111059,111061,111063,111065,111067],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111048,107179],{"class":50},[44,111050,55],{"class":54},[44,111052,10629],{"class":115},[44,111054,112],{"class":58},[44,111056,17592],{"class":62},[44,111058,112],{"class":58},[44,111060,129],{"class":115},[44,111062,59],{"class":58},[44,111064,22659],{"class":62},[44,111066,112],{"class":58},[44,111068,9447],{"class":115},[44,111070,111071],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,111072,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,111074,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083,111085,111087,111089],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,111076,2351],{"class":50},[44,111078,55],{"class":54},[44,111080,107221],{"class":50},[44,111082,116],{"class":115},[44,111084,110716],{"class":119},[44,111086,123],{"class":115},[44,111088,107230],{"class":119},[44,111090,135],{"class":115},[44,111092,111093],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,111094,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,111096,111097,111099,111101,111103],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,111098,142],{"class":141},[44,111100,123],{"class":115},[44,111102,2386],{"class":119},[44,111104,135],{"class":115},[20,111106,155],{},[35,111108,111110],{"className":37,"code":111109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111111,111112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111113,111114,111116,111118,111120,111122,111124,111126,111128,111130,111132,111134,111136,111138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111115,1072],{"class":115},[44,111117,1338],{"class":58},[44,111119,13230],{"class":62},[44,111121,1338],{"class":58},[44,111123,129],{"class":115},[44,111125,1332],{"class":58},[44,111127,13247],{"class":62},[44,111129,1338],{"class":58},[44,111131,129],{"class":115},[44,111133,1332],{"class":58},[44,111135,22659],{"class":62},[44,111137,1338],{"class":58},[44,111139,9447],{"class":115},[20,111141,13547],{},[218,111143,111144,111149,111160],{},[221,111145,111146,111148],{},[15,111147,96614],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[221,111150,111151,536,111153,111156,111157,111159],{},[15,111152,65525],{},[15,111154,111155],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111158,107283],{},", so they stay",[221,111161,111162,111164,111165,111167],{},[15,111163,109922],{}," is only in ",[15,111166,107230],{},", so it stays",[30,111169,111171,10724,111173],{"id":111170},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111172,110626],{},[15,111174,100535],{},[20,111176,111177],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111179,111180,790],{},[15,111181,100535],{},[218,111183,111184,111187],{},[221,111185,111186],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[221,111188,111189],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111191,111192,790],{},[15,111193,110626],{},[218,111195,111196,111199],{},[221,111197,111198],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[221,111200,111201],{},"removes shared items",[20,111203,238],{},[35,111205,111207],{"className":37,"code":111206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111208,111209,111229,111249,111253,111274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111210,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111212,2676],{"class":50},[44,111214,55],{"class":54},[44,111216,10629],{"class":115},[44,111218,3111],{"class":77},[44,111220,129],{"class":115},[44,111222,3116],{"class":77},[44,111224,129],{"class":115},[44,111226,2573],{"class":77},[44,111228,9447],{"class":115},[44,111230,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241,111243,111245,111247],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111232,2704],{"class":50},[44,111234,55],{"class":54},[44,111236,10629],{"class":115},[44,111238,2183],{"class":77},[44,111240,129],{"class":115},[44,111242,2579],{"class":77},[44,111244,129],{"class":115},[44,111246,4735],{"class":77},[44,111248,9447],{"class":115},[44,111250,111251],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,111252,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,111254,111255,111257,111259,111261,111263,111265,111267,111269,111271],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,111256,142],{"class":141},[44,111258,123],{"class":115},[44,111260,200],{"class":119},[44,111262,116],{"class":115},[44,111264,2934],{"class":119},[44,111266,123],{"class":115},[44,111268,4891],{"class":119},[44,111270,5495],{"class":115},[44,111272,111273],{"class":3787},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,111275,111276,111278,111280,111282,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,111277,142],{"class":141},[44,111279,123],{"class":115},[44,111281,200],{"class":119},[44,111283,116],{"class":115},[44,111285,110716],{"class":119},[44,111287,123],{"class":115},[44,111289,4891],{"class":119},[44,111291,5495],{"class":115},[44,111293,110735],{"class":3787},[20,111295,18832],{},[218,111297,111298,111305],{},[221,111299,111300,111304],{},[200,111301,111302],{"href":102961},[15,111303,100535],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[221,111306,111307,111309],{},[15,111308,110626],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[30,111311,111313,10724,111315],{"id":111312},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111314,110626],{},[15,111316,102920],{},[20,111318,111319,111321],{},[15,111320,102920],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111323,111324,111326],{},[15,111325,110626],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111328,238],{},[35,111330,111332],{"className":37,"code":111331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111333,111334,111354,111374,111378,111400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111335,111336,111338,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111337,2676],{"class":50},[44,111339,55],{"class":54},[44,111341,10629],{"class":115},[44,111343,3111],{"class":77},[44,111345,129],{"class":115},[44,111347,3116],{"class":77},[44,111349,129],{"class":115},[44,111351,2573],{"class":77},[44,111353,9447],{"class":115},[44,111355,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111357,2704],{"class":50},[44,111359,55],{"class":54},[44,111361,10629],{"class":115},[44,111363,2183],{"class":77},[44,111365,129],{"class":115},[44,111367,2579],{"class":77},[44,111369,129],{"class":115},[44,111371,4735],{"class":77},[44,111373,9447],{"class":115},[44,111375,111376],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,111377,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,111379,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111391,111393,111395,111397],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,111381,142],{"class":141},[44,111383,123],{"class":115},[44,111385,200],{"class":119},[44,111387,116],{"class":115},[44,111389,111390],{"class":119},"union",[44,111392,123],{"class":115},[44,111394,4891],{"class":119},[44,111396,5495],{"class":115},[44,111398,111399],{"class":3787},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,111401,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414,111416,111418],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,111403,142],{"class":141},[44,111405,123],{"class":115},[44,111407,200],{"class":119},[44,111409,116],{"class":115},[44,111411,110716],{"class":119},[44,111413,123],{"class":115},[44,111415,4891],{"class":119},[44,111417,5495],{"class":115},[44,111419,110735],{"class":3787},[20,111421,27356],{},[218,111423,111424,111429],{},[221,111425,111426,111428],{},[15,111427,102920],{}," includes everything",[221,111430,111431,111433],{},[15,111432,110626],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111435,18832],{},[218,111437,111438,111445],{},[221,111439,111440,111444],{},[200,111441,111442],{"href":107851},[15,111443,102920],{}," when overlap does not matter",[221,111446,111447,111449],{},[15,111448,110626],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[30,111451,36750,111453,101719],{"id":111452},"using-the-operator",[15,111454,111455],{},"^",[20,111457,111458,111459,111461,111462,116],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111460,111455],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111463,110626],{},[20,111465,238],{},[35,111467,111469],{"className":37,"code":111468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111470,111471,111491,111511,111515,111533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111472,111473,111475,111477,111479,111481,111483,111485,111487,111489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111474,110822],{"class":50},[44,111476,55],{"class":54},[44,111478,10629],{"class":115},[44,111480,3111],{"class":77},[44,111482,129],{"class":115},[44,111484,3116],{"class":77},[44,111486,129],{"class":115},[44,111488,2573],{"class":77},[44,111490,9447],{"class":115},[44,111492,111493,111495,111497,111499,111501,111503,111505,111507,111509],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111494,110843],{"class":50},[44,111496,55],{"class":54},[44,111498,10629],{"class":115},[44,111500,2183],{"class":77},[44,111502,129],{"class":115},[44,111504,2579],{"class":77},[44,111506,129],{"class":115},[44,111508,4735],{"class":77},[44,111510,9447],{"class":115},[44,111512,111513],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,111514,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,111516,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525,111527,111529,111531],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,111518,142],{"class":141},[44,111520,123],{"class":115},[44,111522,100706],{"class":119},[44,111524,116],{"class":115},[44,111526,110716],{"class":119},[44,111528,123],{"class":115},[44,111530,100715],{"class":119},[44,111532,567],{"class":115},[44,111534,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543,111546],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,111536,142],{"class":141},[44,111538,123],{"class":115},[44,111540,110822],{"class":119},[44,111542,111455],{"class":54},[44,111544,111545],{"class":119}," set2",[44,111547,135],{"class":115},[20,111549,30166],{},[35,111551,111553],{"className":37,"code":111552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111554,111555,111575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111556,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571,111573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111558,1072],{"class":115},[44,111560,3111],{"class":77},[44,111562,129],{"class":115},[44,111564,3116],{"class":77},[44,111566,129],{"class":115},[44,111568,2579],{"class":77},[44,111570,129],{"class":115},[44,111572,4735],{"class":77},[44,111574,9447],{"class":115},[44,111576,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589,111591,111593],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111578,1072],{"class":115},[44,111580,3111],{"class":77},[44,111582,129],{"class":115},[44,111584,3116],{"class":77},[44,111586,129],{"class":115},[44,111588,2579],{"class":77},[44,111590,129],{"class":115},[44,111592,4735],{"class":77},[44,111594,9447],{"class":115},[20,111596,111597],{},"Both forms:",[218,111599,111600,111603],{},[221,111601,111602],{},"return a new set",[221,111604,111605],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111607,111608],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[30,111610,4648],{"id":4647},[20,111612,21349,111613,790],{},[15,111614,110626],{},[218,111616,111617,111625,111635,111650],{},[221,111618,111619,111622,111624],{},[153,111620,111621],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9984,111623],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[221,111626,111627,111630,111632,111634],{},[153,111628,111629],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9984,111631],{},[15,111633,110626],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[221,111636,111637,111642,111644,111646,111647,111649],{},[153,111638,111639,111640],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111641,100535],{},[9984,111643],{},[15,111645,100535],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111648,110626],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[221,111651,111652,111655,111657],{},[153,111653,111654],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9984,111656],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111659,58993],{},[218,111661,111662,111671,111674,111677],{},[221,111663,50622,111664,44764,111666,111670],{},[15,111665,110626],{},[200,111667,111668],{"href":107851},[15,111669,102920],{}," is actually needed",[221,111672,111673],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[221,111675,111676],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[221,111678,111679],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111681,111682,111683,116],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[200,111684,99199],{"href":105464},[20,111686,62427],{},[35,111688,111690],{"className":37,"code":111689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111691,111692,111702,111712,111730,111744,111758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111693,111694,111696,111698,111700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111695,142],{"class":141},[44,111697,123],{"class":115},[44,111699,100706],{"class":119},[44,111701,135],{"class":115},[44,111703,111704,111706,111708,111710],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111705,142],{"class":141},[44,111707,123],{"class":115},[44,111709,100715],{"class":119},[44,111711,135],{"class":115},[44,111713,111714,111716,111718,111720,111722,111724,111726,111728],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,111715,142],{"class":141},[44,111717,123],{"class":115},[44,111719,100706],{"class":119},[44,111721,116],{"class":115},[44,111723,110716],{"class":119},[44,111725,123],{"class":115},[44,111727,100715],{"class":119},[44,111729,567],{"class":115},[44,111731,111732,111734,111736,111738,111740,111742],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,111733,142],{"class":141},[44,111735,123],{"class":115},[44,111737,110822],{"class":119},[44,111739,111455],{"class":54},[44,111741,111545],{"class":119},[44,111743,135],{"class":115},[44,111745,111746,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,111747,142],{"class":141},[44,111749,123],{"class":115},[44,111751,1297],{"class":1296},[44,111753,123],{"class":115},[44,111755,100706],{"class":119},[44,111757,567],{"class":115},[44,111759,111760,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,111761,142],{"class":141},[44,111763,123],{"class":115},[44,111765,1297],{"class":1296},[44,111767,123],{"class":115},[44,111769,100715],{"class":119},[44,111771,567],{"class":115},[30,111773,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,111775,12844,111777,102860],{"id":111776},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111778,110626],{},[20,111780,102863],{},[1474,111782,5312,111784,536,111786,1995],{"id":111783},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111785,110626],{},[15,111787,100535],{},[20,111789,111790,111792,111793,111795],{},[15,111791,100535],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111794,110626],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1474,111797,28464,111799,111801],{"id":111798},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111800,110626],{}," with lists?",[20,111803,111804],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111806,238],{},[35,111808,111810],{"className":37,"code":111809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111811,111812,111832,111852,111856,111883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111813,111814,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111815,80788],{"class":50},[44,111817,55],{"class":54},[44,111819,3744],{"class":115},[44,111821,3111],{"class":77},[44,111823,129],{"class":115},[44,111825,3116],{"class":77},[44,111827,129],{"class":115},[44,111829,2573],{"class":77},[44,111831,3757],{"class":115},[44,111833,111834,111836,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848,111850],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,111835,80809],{"class":50},[44,111837,55],{"class":54},[44,111839,3744],{"class":115},[44,111841,2183],{"class":77},[44,111843,129],{"class":115},[44,111845,2579],{"class":77},[44,111847,129],{"class":115},[44,111849,4735],{"class":77},[44,111851,3757],{"class":115},[44,111853,111854],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,111855,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,111857,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111869,111871,111873,111875,111877,111879,111881],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,111859,2351],{"class":50},[44,111861,55],{"class":54},[44,111863,15771],{"class":1296},[44,111865,123],{"class":115},[44,111867,111868],{"class":119},"list1",[44,111870,8770],{"class":115},[44,111872,110716],{"class":119},[44,111874,123],{"class":115},[44,111876,6423],{"class":1296},[44,111878,123],{"class":115},[44,111880,81075],{"class":119},[44,111882,567],{"class":115},[44,111884,111885,111887,111889,111891],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,111886,142],{"class":141},[44,111888,123],{"class":115},[44,111890,2386],{"class":119},[44,111892,135],{"class":115},[20,111894,155],{},[35,111896,111897],{"className":37,"code":110897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111898,111899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111900,111901,111903,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111915,111917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111902,1072],{"class":115},[44,111904,3111],{"class":77},[44,111906,129],{"class":115},[44,111908,3116],{"class":77},[44,111910,129],{"class":115},[44,111912,2579],{"class":77},[44,111914,129],{"class":115},[44,111916,4735],{"class":77},[44,111918,9447],{"class":115},[1474,111920,111922],{"id":111921},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111924,111925],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[30,111927,2019],{"id":2018},[218,111929,111930,111934,111939,111945,111951],{},[221,111931,111932],{},[200,111933,96449],{"href":96448},[221,111935,111936],{},[200,111937,111938],{"href":96452},"Creating a set in Python",[221,111940,111941],{},[200,111942,96935,111943,10880],{"href":102961},[15,111944,100535],{},[221,111946,111947],{},[200,111948,96935,111949,10880],{"href":107851},[15,111950,102920],{},[221,111952,111953],{},[200,111954,100465],{"href":105464},[20,111956,111957,111958,2310,111960,17210,111962,111964],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111959,100535],{},[15,111961,102920],{},[15,111963,110626],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2048,111966,57372],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":111968},[111969,111970,111972,111973,111974,111975,111977,111979,111981,111982,111991],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":110741,"depth":69,"text":111971},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":110922,"depth":69,"text":110923},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":111170,"depth":69,"text":111976},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111312,"depth":69,"text":111978},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111452,"depth":69,"text":111980},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":111983},[111984,111986,111988,111990],{"id":111776,"depth":81,"text":111985},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111783,"depth":81,"text":111987},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111798,"depth":81,"text":111989},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111921,"depth":81,"text":111922},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110618,"description":111992},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111999,"title":112000,"body":112001,"description":114064,"extension":2084,"meta":114065,"navigation":84,"path":107851,"seo":114066,"stem":114067,"__hash__":114068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":112002,"toc":114023},[112003,112008,112013,112016,112029,112031,112113,112118,112123,112127,112139,112142,112146,112148,112175,112177,112188,112191,112260,112262,112268,112271,112281,112283,112372,112377,112379,112386,112389,112391,112394,112514,112516,112585,112588,112605,112610,112613,112729,112731,112760,112763,112769,112774,112778,112859,112861,112889,112894,112898,112993,112995,113036,113040,113043,113110,113112,113153,113159,113174,113181,113188,113192,113198,113284,113288,113296,113367,113372,113379,113381,113387,113389,113454,113456,113472,113477,113480,113549,113553,113556,113615,113618,113622,113675,113688,113691,113744,113748,113750,113781,113784,113789,113842,113846,113849,113870,113882,113884,113937,113939,113944,113946,113952,113955,113961,113966,113970,113973,113981,113990,113992,114020],[10,112004,1013,112006,18],{"id":112005},"python-setunion-method",[15,112007,108164],{},[20,112009,112010,112012],{},[15,112011,108164],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,112014,112015],{},"It is useful when you want:",[218,112017,112018,112021,112026],{},[221,112019,112020],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[221,112022,2676,112023,112025],{},[153,112024,100890],{}," as the result",[221,112027,112028],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[30,112030,33],{"id":32},[35,112032,112034],{"className":37,"code":112033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112035,112036,112056,112076,112080,112098,112108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112037,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112039,110822],{"class":50},[44,112041,55],{"class":54},[44,112043,10629],{"class":115},[44,112045,3111],{"class":77},[44,112047,129],{"class":115},[44,112049,3116],{"class":77},[44,112051,129],{"class":115},[44,112053,2573],{"class":77},[44,112055,9447],{"class":115},[44,112057,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112059,110843],{"class":50},[44,112061,55],{"class":54},[44,112063,10629],{"class":115},[44,112065,2183],{"class":77},[44,112067,129],{"class":115},[44,112069,2579],{"class":77},[44,112071,129],{"class":115},[44,112073,4735],{"class":77},[44,112075,9447],{"class":115},[44,112077,112078],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,112079,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112081,112082,112084,112086,112088,112090,112092,112094,112096],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,112083,2351],{"class":50},[44,112085,55],{"class":54},[44,112087,110872],{"class":50},[44,112089,116],{"class":115},[44,112091,111390],{"class":119},[44,112093,123],{"class":115},[44,112095,100715],{"class":119},[44,112097,135],{"class":115},[44,112099,112100,112102,112104,112106],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,112101,142],{"class":141},[44,112103,123],{"class":115},[44,112105,2386],{"class":119},[44,112107,135],{"class":115},[44,112109,112110],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,112111,112112],{"class":3787},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112114,112115,112117],{},[15,112116,102920],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[30,112119,3802,112121,3805],{"id":112120},"what-setunion-does",[15,112122,108164],{},[20,112124,112125,790],{},[15,112126,108164],{},[218,112128,112129,112132,112135,112137],{},[221,112130,112131],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[221,112133,112134],{},"keeps only unique values",[221,112136,110752],{},[221,112138,110761],{},[20,112140,112141],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112143,96445,112144,116],{},[200,112145,96449],{"href":97620},[30,112147,351],{"id":350},[35,112149,112151],{"className":37,"code":112150,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112152,112153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112154,112155,112157,112159,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112156,100706],{"class":50},[44,112158,116],{"class":115},[44,112160,111390],{"class":119},[44,112162,123],{"class":115},[44,112164,100715],{"class":119},[44,112166,129],{"class":115},[44,112168,100742],{"class":119},[44,112170,129],{"class":115},[44,112172,34591],{"class":141},[44,112174,135],{"class":115},[20,112176,13189],{},[218,112178,112179,112182,112185],{},[221,112180,112181],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[221,112183,112184],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[221,112186,112187],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112189,112190],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,112192,112194],{"className":37,"code":112193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112195,112196,112212,112228,112232,112250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112197,112198,112200,112202,112204,112206,112208,112210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112199,2676],{"class":50},[44,112201,55],{"class":54},[44,112203,10629],{"class":115},[44,112205,3111],{"class":77},[44,112207,129],{"class":115},[44,112209,3116],{"class":77},[44,112211,9447],{"class":115},[44,112213,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222,112224,112226],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112215,2704],{"class":50},[44,112217,55],{"class":54},[44,112219,10629],{"class":115},[44,112221,2177],{"class":77},[44,112223,129],{"class":115},[44,112225,2573],{"class":77},[44,112227,9447],{"class":115},[44,112229,112230],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,112231,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112233,112234,112236,112238,112240,112242,112244,112246,112248],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,112235,2351],{"class":50},[44,112237,55],{"class":54},[44,112239,57018],{"class":50},[44,112241,116],{"class":115},[44,112243,111390],{"class":119},[44,112245,123],{"class":115},[44,112247,4891],{"class":119},[44,112249,135],{"class":115},[44,112251,112252,112254,112256,112258],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,112253,142],{"class":141},[44,112255,123],{"class":115},[44,112257,2386],{"class":119},[44,112259,135],{"class":115},[30,112261,22107],{"id":22106},[20,112263,112264,100887,112266,116],{},[15,112265,108164],{},[153,112267,100890],{},[20,112269,112270],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[218,112272,112273,112276],{},[221,112274,112275],{},"the original set",[221,112277,112278,112279],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112280,102920],{},[20,112282,238],{},[35,112284,112286],{"className":37,"code":112285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112287,112288,112304,112320,112324,112342,112346,112359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112289,112290,112292,112294,112296,112298,112300,112302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112291,2676],{"class":50},[44,112293,55],{"class":54},[44,112295,10629],{"class":115},[44,112297,3111],{"class":77},[44,112299,129],{"class":115},[44,112301,3116],{"class":77},[44,112303,9447],{"class":115},[44,112305,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112307,2704],{"class":50},[44,112309,55],{"class":54},[44,112311,10629],{"class":115},[44,112313,2177],{"class":77},[44,112315,129],{"class":115},[44,112317,2573],{"class":77},[44,112319,9447],{"class":115},[44,112321,112322],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,112323,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112325,112326,112328,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,112327,2351],{"class":50},[44,112329,55],{"class":54},[44,112331,57018],{"class":50},[44,112333,116],{"class":115},[44,112335,111390],{"class":119},[44,112337,123],{"class":115},[44,112339,4891],{"class":119},[44,112341,135],{"class":115},[44,112343,112344],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,112345,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112347,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,112349,142],{"class":141},[44,112351,123],{"class":115},[44,112353,2386],{"class":119},[44,112355,3784],{"class":115},[44,112357,112358],{"class":3787},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,112360,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,112362,142],{"class":141},[44,112364,123],{"class":115},[44,112366,200],{"class":119},[44,112368,3784],{"class":115},[44,112370,112371],{"class":3787},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112373,341,112374,112376],{},[15,112375,200],{}," did not change.",[20,112378,110994],{},[218,112380,112381,112383],{},[221,112382,110999],{},[221,112384,112385],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112387,112388],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[30,112390,11615],{"id":11614},[20,112392,112393],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,112395,112397],{"className":37,"code":112396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112398,112399,112432,112465,112469,112489,112493,112503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112400,112401,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112402,112403],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,112405,55],{"class":54},[44,112407,10629],{"class":115},[44,112409,112],{"class":58},[44,112411,4207],{"class":62},[44,112413,112],{"class":58},[44,112415,129],{"class":115},[44,112417,59],{"class":58},[44,112419,4216],{"class":62},[44,112421,112],{"class":58},[44,112423,129],{"class":115},[44,112425,59],{"class":58},[44,112427,33357],{"class":62},[44,112429,112],{"class":58},[44,112431,9447],{"class":115},[44,112433,112434,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457,112459,112461,112463],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112435,112436],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,112438,55],{"class":54},[44,112440,10629],{"class":115},[44,112442,112],{"class":58},[44,112444,4216],{"class":62},[44,112446,112],{"class":58},[44,112448,129],{"class":115},[44,112450,59],{"class":58},[44,112452,22668],{"class":62},[44,112454,112],{"class":58},[44,112456,129],{"class":115},[44,112458,59],{"class":58},[44,112460,33357],{"class":62},[44,112462,112],{"class":58},[44,112464,9447],{"class":115},[44,112466,112467],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,112468,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112470,112471,112473,112475,112478,112480,112482,112484,112487],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,112472,2351],{"class":50},[44,112474,55],{"class":54},[44,112476,112477],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,112479,116],{"class":115},[44,112481,111390],{"class":119},[44,112483,123],{"class":115},[44,112485,112486],{"class":119},"fruits2",[44,112488,135],{"class":115},[44,112490,112491],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,112492,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112494,112495,112497,112499,112501],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,112496,142],{"class":141},[44,112498,123],{"class":115},[44,112500,2386],{"class":119},[44,112502,135],{"class":115},[44,112504,112505,112507,112509,112512],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,112506,142],{"class":141},[44,112508,123],{"class":115},[44,112510,112511],{"class":119},"fruits1",[44,112513,135],{"class":115},[20,112515,30166],{},[35,112517,112519],{"className":37,"code":112518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112520,112521,112557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112522,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539,112541,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112524,1072],{"class":115},[44,112526,1338],{"class":58},[44,112528,4216],{"class":62},[44,112530,1338],{"class":58},[44,112532,129],{"class":115},[44,112534,1332],{"class":58},[44,112536,33357],{"class":62},[44,112538,1338],{"class":58},[44,112540,129],{"class":115},[44,112542,1332],{"class":58},[44,112544,4207],{"class":62},[44,112546,1338],{"class":58},[44,112548,129],{"class":115},[44,112550,1332],{"class":58},[44,112552,22668],{"class":62},[44,112554,1338],{"class":58},[44,112556,9447],{"class":115},[44,112558,112559,112561,112563,112565,112567,112569,112571,112573,112575,112577,112579,112581,112583],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112560,1072],{"class":115},[44,112562,1338],{"class":58},[44,112564,4216],{"class":62},[44,112566,1338],{"class":58},[44,112568,129],{"class":115},[44,112570,1332],{"class":58},[44,112572,33357],{"class":62},[44,112574,1338],{"class":58},[44,112576,129],{"class":115},[44,112578,1332],{"class":58},[44,112580,4207],{"class":62},[44,112582,1338],{"class":58},[44,112584,9447],{"class":115},[20,112586,112587],{},"What this shows:",[218,112589,112590,112597,112600],{},[221,112591,112592,536,112594,112596],{},[15,112593,65407],{},[15,112595,65834],{}," appear in both sets",[221,112598,112599],{},"they appear only once in the result",[221,112601,112602,112604],{},[15,112603,112511],{}," stays unchanged",[30,112606,8556,112608,101279],{"id":112607},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112609,102920],{},[20,112611,112612],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,112614,112616],{"className":37,"code":112615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112617,112618,112634,112650,112667,112684,112688,112715,112719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112619,112620,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112621,110822],{"class":50},[44,112623,55],{"class":54},[44,112625,10629],{"class":115},[44,112627,3111],{"class":77},[44,112629,129],{"class":115},[44,112631,3116],{"class":77},[44,112633,9447],{"class":115},[44,112635,112636,112638,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112637,110843],{"class":50},[44,112639,55],{"class":54},[44,112641,10629],{"class":115},[44,112643,2177],{"class":77},[44,112645,129],{"class":115},[44,112647,2573],{"class":77},[44,112649,9447],{"class":115},[44,112651,112652,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,112653,112654],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,112656,55],{"class":54},[44,112658,10629],{"class":115},[44,112660,2183],{"class":77},[44,112662,129],{"class":115},[44,112664,2579],{"class":77},[44,112666,9447],{"class":115},[44,112668,112669,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,112670,112671],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,112673,55],{"class":54},[44,112675,10629],{"class":115},[44,112677,2626],{"class":77},[44,112679,129],{"class":115},[44,112681,4735],{"class":77},[44,112683,9447],{"class":115},[44,112685,112686],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,112687,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112689,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708,112710,112713],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,112691,2351],{"class":50},[44,112693,55],{"class":54},[44,112695,110872],{"class":50},[44,112697,116],{"class":115},[44,112699,111390],{"class":119},[44,112701,123],{"class":115},[44,112703,100715],{"class":119},[44,112705,129],{"class":115},[44,112707,100742],{"class":119},[44,112709,129],{"class":115},[44,112711,112712],{"class":119}," set4",[44,112714,135],{"class":115},[44,112716,112717],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,112718,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112720,112721,112723,112725,112727],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,112722,142],{"class":141},[44,112724,123],{"class":115},[44,112726,2386],{"class":119},[44,112728,135],{"class":115},[20,112730,30166],{},[35,112732,112734],{"className":37,"code":112733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112735,112736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112737,112738,112740,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750,112752,112754,112756,112758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112739,1072],{"class":115},[44,112741,3111],{"class":77},[44,112743,129],{"class":115},[44,112745,3116],{"class":77},[44,112747,129],{"class":115},[44,112749,2573],{"class":77},[44,112751,129],{"class":115},[44,112753,2579],{"class":77},[44,112755,129],{"class":115},[44,112757,4735],{"class":77},[44,112759,9447],{"class":115},[20,112761,112762],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[30,112764,8556,112766,112768],{"id":112765},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112767,102920],{}," with other iterables",[20,112770,112771,112773],{},[15,112772,102920],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1474,112775,112777],{"id":112776},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,112779,112781],{"className":37,"code":112780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112782,112783,112803,112827,112831,112849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112784,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799,112801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112786,3739],{"class":50},[44,112788,55],{"class":54},[44,112790,10629],{"class":115},[44,112792,3111],{"class":77},[44,112794,129],{"class":115},[44,112796,3116],{"class":77},[44,112798,129],{"class":115},[44,112800,2573],{"class":77},[44,112802,9447],{"class":115},[44,112804,112805,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112806,61179],{"class":50},[44,112808,55],{"class":54},[44,112810,3744],{"class":115},[44,112812,2183],{"class":77},[44,112814,129],{"class":115},[44,112816,2579],{"class":77},[44,112818,129],{"class":115},[44,112820,4735],{"class":77},[44,112822,129],{"class":115},[44,112824,4735],{"class":77},[44,112826,3757],{"class":115},[44,112828,112829],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,112830,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112832,112833,112835,112837,112839,112841,112843,112845,112847],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,112834,2351],{"class":50},[44,112836,55],{"class":54},[44,112838,4392],{"class":50},[44,112840,116],{"class":115},[44,112842,111390],{"class":119},[44,112844,123],{"class":115},[44,112846,61208],{"class":119},[44,112848,135],{"class":115},[44,112850,112851,112853,112855,112857],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,112852,142],{"class":141},[44,112854,123],{"class":115},[44,112856,2386],{"class":119},[44,112858,135],{"class":115},[20,112860,30166],{},[35,112862,112863],{"className":37,"code":112733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112864,112865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112866,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879,112881,112883,112885,112887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112868,1072],{"class":115},[44,112870,3111],{"class":77},[44,112872,129],{"class":115},[44,112874,3116],{"class":77},[44,112876,129],{"class":115},[44,112878,2573],{"class":77},[44,112880,129],{"class":115},[44,112882,2579],{"class":77},[44,112884,129],{"class":115},[44,112886,4735],{"class":77},[44,112888,9447],{"class":115},[20,112890,21115,112891,112893],{},[15,112892,2257],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1474,112895,112897],{"id":112896},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,112899,112901],{"className":37,"code":112900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112902,112903,112927,112960,112964,112983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112904,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913,112915,112917,112919,112921,112923,112925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112906,36227],{"class":50},[44,112908,55],{"class":54},[44,112910,10629],{"class":115},[44,112912,112],{"class":58},[44,112914,200],{"class":62},[44,112916,112],{"class":58},[44,112918,129],{"class":115},[44,112920,59],{"class":58},[44,112922,4891],{"class":62},[44,112924,112],{"class":58},[44,112926,9447],{"class":115},[44,112928,112929,112932,112934,112936,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956,112958],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,112930,112931],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,112933,55],{"class":54},[44,112935,9375],{"class":115},[44,112937,112],{"class":58},[44,112939,4891],{"class":62},[44,112941,112],{"class":58},[44,112943,129],{"class":115},[44,112945,59],{"class":58},[44,112947,9878],{"class":62},[44,112949,112],{"class":58},[44,112951,129],{"class":115},[44,112953,59],{"class":58},[44,112955,18905],{"class":62},[44,112957,112],{"class":58},[44,112959,135],{"class":115},[44,112961,112962],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,112963,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,112965,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112981],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,112967,2351],{"class":50},[44,112969,55],{"class":54},[44,112971,70227],{"class":50},[44,112973,116],{"class":115},[44,112975,111390],{"class":119},[44,112977,123],{"class":115},[44,112979,112980],{"class":119},"more_letters",[44,112982,135],{"class":115},[44,112984,112985,112987,112989,112991],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,112986,142],{"class":141},[44,112988,123],{"class":115},[44,112990,2386],{"class":119},[44,112992,135],{"class":115},[20,112994,30166],{},[35,112996,112998],{"className":37,"code":112997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112999,113000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113001,113002,113004,113006,113008,113010,113012,113014,113016,113018,113020,113022,113024,113026,113028,113030,113032,113034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113003,1072],{"class":115},[44,113005,1338],{"class":58},[44,113007,200],{"class":62},[44,113009,1338],{"class":58},[44,113011,129],{"class":115},[44,113013,1332],{"class":58},[44,113015,4891],{"class":62},[44,113017,1338],{"class":58},[44,113019,129],{"class":115},[44,113021,1332],{"class":58},[44,113023,9878],{"class":62},[44,113025,1338],{"class":58},[44,113027,129],{"class":115},[44,113029,1332],{"class":58},[44,113031,18905],{"class":62},[44,113033,1338],{"class":58},[44,113035,9447],{"class":115},[1474,113037,113039],{"id":113038},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,113041,113042],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,113044,113046],{"className":37,"code":113045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,113047,113048,113073,113096,113100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113049,113050,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065,113067,113069,113071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113051,113052],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,113054,55],{"class":54},[44,113056,10629],{"class":115},[44,113058,112],{"class":58},[44,113060,200],{"class":62},[44,113062,112],{"class":58},[44,113064,129],{"class":115},[44,113066,59],{"class":58},[44,113068,4891],{"class":62},[44,113070,112],{"class":58},[44,113072,9447],{"class":115},[44,113074,113075,113077,113079,113082,113084,113086,113088,113090,113092,113094],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113076,2351],{"class":50},[44,113078,55],{"class":54},[44,113080,113081],{"class":50}," chars",[44,113083,116],{"class":115},[44,113085,111390],{"class":119},[44,113087,123],{"class":115},[44,113089,112],{"class":58},[44,113091,417],{"class":62},[44,113093,112],{"class":58},[44,113095,135],{"class":115},[44,113097,113098],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113099,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,113101,113102,113104,113106,113108],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,113103,142],{"class":141},[44,113105,123],{"class":115},[44,113107,2386],{"class":119},[44,113109,135],{"class":115},[20,113111,30166],{},[35,113113,113115],{"className":37,"code":113114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113116,113117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113118,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131,113133,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145,113147,113149,113151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113120,1072],{"class":115},[44,113122,1338],{"class":58},[44,113124,200],{"class":62},[44,113126,1338],{"class":58},[44,113128,129],{"class":115},[44,113130,1332],{"class":58},[44,113132,4891],{"class":62},[44,113134,1338],{"class":58},[44,113136,129],{"class":115},[44,113138,1332],{"class":58},[44,113140,9878],{"class":62},[44,113142,1338],{"class":58},[44,113144,129],{"class":115},[44,113146,1332],{"class":58},[44,113148,63419],{"class":62},[44,113150,1338],{"class":58},[44,113152,9447],{"class":115},[20,113154,22326,113155,113158],{},[15,113156,113157],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[218,113160,113161,113165,113169],{},[221,113162,113163],{},[15,113164,66614],{},[221,113166,113167],{},[15,113168,18233],{},[221,113170,113171],{},[15,113172,113173],{},"\"t\"",[30,113175,113177,10724,113179],{"id":113176},"union-vs-update",[15,113178,102920],{},[15,113180,15091],{},[20,113182,113183,536,113185,113187],{},[15,113184,102920],{},[15,113186,15091],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1474,113189,113190],{"id":111390},[15,113191,102920],{},[218,113193,113194,113196],{},[221,113195,110752],{},[221,113197,110761],{},[35,113199,113200],{"className":37,"code":112285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113201,113202,113218,113234,113238,113256,113260,113272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113203,113204,113206,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113205,2676],{"class":50},[44,113207,55],{"class":54},[44,113209,10629],{"class":115},[44,113211,3111],{"class":77},[44,113213,129],{"class":115},[44,113215,3116],{"class":77},[44,113217,9447],{"class":115},[44,113219,113220,113222,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113221,2704],{"class":50},[44,113223,55],{"class":54},[44,113225,10629],{"class":115},[44,113227,2177],{"class":77},[44,113229,129],{"class":115},[44,113231,2573],{"class":77},[44,113233,9447],{"class":115},[44,113235,113236],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113237,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,113239,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250,113252,113254],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,113241,2351],{"class":50},[44,113243,55],{"class":54},[44,113245,57018],{"class":50},[44,113247,116],{"class":115},[44,113249,111390],{"class":119},[44,113251,123],{"class":115},[44,113253,4891],{"class":119},[44,113255,135],{"class":115},[44,113257,113258],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,113259,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,113261,113262,113264,113266,113268,113270],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,113263,142],{"class":141},[44,113265,123],{"class":115},[44,113267,2386],{"class":119},[44,113269,3784],{"class":115},[44,113271,112358],{"class":3787},[44,113273,113274,113276,113278,113280,113282],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,113275,142],{"class":141},[44,113277,123],{"class":115},[44,113279,200],{"class":119},[44,113281,3784],{"class":115},[44,113283,112371],{"class":3787},[1474,113285,113286],{"id":30601},[15,113287,15091],{},[218,113289,113290,113293],{},[221,113291,113292],{},"changes the existing set in place",[221,113294,113295],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,113297,113299],{"className":37,"code":113298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113300,113301,113317,113333,113337,113351,113355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113302,113303,113305,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113304,2676],{"class":50},[44,113306,55],{"class":54},[44,113308,10629],{"class":115},[44,113310,3111],{"class":77},[44,113312,129],{"class":115},[44,113314,3116],{"class":77},[44,113316,9447],{"class":115},[44,113318,113319,113321,113323,113325,113327,113329,113331],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113320,2704],{"class":50},[44,113322,55],{"class":54},[44,113324,10629],{"class":115},[44,113326,2177],{"class":77},[44,113328,129],{"class":115},[44,113330,2573],{"class":77},[44,113332,9447],{"class":115},[44,113334,113335],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113336,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,113338,113339,113341,113343,113345,113347,113349],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,113340,200],{"class":50},[44,113342,116],{"class":115},[44,113344,30601],{"class":119},[44,113346,123],{"class":115},[44,113348,4891],{"class":119},[44,113350,135],{"class":115},[44,113352,113353],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,113354,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,113356,113357,113359,113361,113363,113365],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,113358,142],{"class":141},[44,113360,123],{"class":115},[44,113362,200],{"class":119},[44,113364,3784],{"class":115},[44,113366,112358],{"class":3787},[20,113368,189,113369,113371],{},[15,113370,102920],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113373,113374,113375,116],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[200,113376,1013,113377,10880],{"href":98640},[15,113378,97435],{},[30,113380,4648],{"id":4647},[1474,113382,1707,113384,113386],{"id":113383},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113385,102920],{}," to change the original set",[20,113388,81957],{},[35,113390,113392],{"className":37,"code":113391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113393,113394,113410,113426,113430,113444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113395,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406,113408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113397,2676],{"class":50},[44,113399,55],{"class":54},[44,113401,10629],{"class":115},[44,113403,3111],{"class":77},[44,113405,129],{"class":115},[44,113407,3116],{"class":77},[44,113409,9447],{"class":115},[44,113411,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420,113422,113424],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113413,2704],{"class":50},[44,113415,55],{"class":54},[44,113417,10629],{"class":115},[44,113419,2177],{"class":77},[44,113421,129],{"class":115},[44,113423,2573],{"class":77},[44,113425,9447],{"class":115},[44,113427,113428],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113429,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,113431,113432,113434,113436,113438,113440,113442],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,113433,200],{"class":50},[44,113435,116],{"class":115},[44,113437,111390],{"class":119},[44,113439,123],{"class":115},[44,113441,4891],{"class":119},[44,113443,135],{"class":115},[44,113445,113446,113448,113450,113452],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,113447,142],{"class":141},[44,113449,123],{"class":115},[44,113451,200],{"class":119},[44,113453,135],{"class":115},[20,113455,155],{},[35,113457,113458],{"className":37,"code":100628,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,113459,113460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113461,113462,113464,113466,113468,113470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113463,1072],{"class":115},[44,113465,3111],{"class":77},[44,113467,129],{"class":115},[44,113469,3116],{"class":77},[44,113471,9447],{"class":115},[20,113473,8634,113474,113476],{},[15,113475,102920],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113478,113479],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,113481,113483],{"className":37,"code":113482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113484,113485,113501,113517,113521,113539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113486,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113488,2676],{"class":50},[44,113490,55],{"class":54},[44,113492,10629],{"class":115},[44,113494,3111],{"class":77},[44,113496,129],{"class":115},[44,113498,3116],{"class":77},[44,113500,9447],{"class":115},[44,113502,113503,113505,113507,113509,113511,113513,113515],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113504,2704],{"class":50},[44,113506,55],{"class":54},[44,113508,10629],{"class":115},[44,113510,2177],{"class":77},[44,113512,129],{"class":115},[44,113514,2573],{"class":77},[44,113516,9447],{"class":115},[44,113518,113519],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113520,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,113522,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,113524,2676],{"class":50},[44,113526,55],{"class":54},[44,113528,57018],{"class":50},[44,113530,116],{"class":115},[44,113532,111390],{"class":119},[44,113534,123],{"class":115},[44,113536,4891],{"class":119},[44,113538,135],{"class":115},[44,113540,113541,113543,113545,113547],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,113542,142],{"class":141},[44,113544,123],{"class":115},[44,113546,200],{"class":119},[44,113548,135],{"class":115},[1474,113550,113552],{"id":113551},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113554,113555],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,113557,113559],{"className":37,"code":113558,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113560,113561,113577,113593,113597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113562,113563,113565,113567,113569,113571,113573,113575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113564,2676],{"class":50},[44,113566,55],{"class":54},[44,113568,10629],{"class":115},[44,113570,2183],{"class":77},[44,113572,129],{"class":115},[44,113574,5632],{"class":77},[44,113576,9447],{"class":115},[44,113578,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587,113589,113591],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113580,2704],{"class":50},[44,113582,55],{"class":54},[44,113584,10629],{"class":115},[44,113586,2177],{"class":77},[44,113588,129],{"class":115},[44,113590,2579],{"class":77},[44,113592,9447],{"class":115},[44,113594,113595],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113596,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,113598,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,113600,142],{"class":141},[44,113602,123],{"class":115},[44,113604,200],{"class":119},[44,113606,116],{"class":115},[44,113608,111390],{"class":119},[44,113610,123],{"class":115},[44,113612,4891],{"class":119},[44,113614,567],{"class":115},[20,113616,113617],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1474,113619,113621],{"id":113620},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,113623,113625],{"className":37,"code":113624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113626,113627,113643,113665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113628,113629,113631,113633,113635,113637,113639,113641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113630,4198],{"class":50},[44,113632,55],{"class":54},[44,113634,10629],{"class":115},[44,113636,112],{"class":58},[44,113638,58258],{"class":62},[44,113640,112],{"class":58},[44,113642,9447],{"class":115},[44,113644,113645,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659,113661,113663],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113646,2351],{"class":50},[44,113648,55],{"class":54},[44,113650,6304],{"class":50},[44,113652,116],{"class":115},[44,113654,111390],{"class":119},[44,113656,123],{"class":115},[44,113658,112],{"class":58},[44,113660,417],{"class":62},[44,113662,112],{"class":58},[44,113664,135],{"class":115},[44,113666,113667,113669,113671,113673],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113668,142],{"class":141},[44,113670,123],{"class":115},[44,113672,2386],{"class":119},[44,113674,135],{"class":115},[20,113676,113677,113678,2310,113680,17210,113682,113684,113685,113687],{},"This adds ",[15,113679,66614],{},[15,113681,18233],{},[15,113683,113173],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113686,113157],{}," as one item.",[20,113689,113690],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,113692,113694],{"className":37,"code":113693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113695,113696,113712,113734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113697,113698,113700,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113699,4198],{"class":50},[44,113701,55],{"class":54},[44,113703,10629],{"class":115},[44,113705,112],{"class":58},[44,113707,58258],{"class":62},[44,113709,112],{"class":58},[44,113711,9447],{"class":115},[44,113713,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728,113730,113732],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113715,2351],{"class":50},[44,113717,55],{"class":54},[44,113719,6304],{"class":50},[44,113721,116],{"class":115},[44,113723,111390],{"class":119},[44,113725,3108],{"class":115},[44,113727,112],{"class":58},[44,113729,417],{"class":62},[44,113731,112],{"class":58},[44,113733,4015],{"class":115},[44,113735,113736,113738,113740,113742],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113737,142],{"class":141},[44,113739,123],{"class":115},[44,113741,2386],{"class":119},[44,113743,135],{"class":115},[1474,113745,113747],{"id":113746},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113749,2958],{},[35,113751,113753],{"className":37,"code":113752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113754,113755],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113756,113757,113759,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113758,15766],{"class":50},[44,113760,55],{"class":54},[44,113762,10629],{"class":115},[44,113764,3111],{"class":77},[44,113766,129],{"class":115},[44,113768,3116],{"class":77},[44,113770,129],{"class":115},[44,113772,3744],{"class":115},[44,113774,2183],{"class":77},[44,113776,129],{"class":115},[44,113778,2579],{"class":77},[44,113780,13843],{"class":115},[20,113782,113783],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113785,113786,113787,790],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113788,102920],{},[35,113790,113792],{"className":37,"code":113791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113793,113794,113810,113832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113795,113796,113798,113800,113802,113804,113806,113808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113797,15766],{"class":50},[44,113799,55],{"class":54},[44,113801,10629],{"class":115},[44,113803,3111],{"class":77},[44,113805,129],{"class":115},[44,113807,3116],{"class":77},[44,113809,9447],{"class":115},[44,113811,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820,113822,113824,113826,113828,113830],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113813,2351],{"class":50},[44,113815,55],{"class":54},[44,113817,97045],{"class":50},[44,113819,116],{"class":115},[44,113821,111390],{"class":119},[44,113823,3108],{"class":115},[44,113825,2183],{"class":77},[44,113827,129],{"class":115},[44,113829,2579],{"class":77},[44,113831,4015],{"class":115},[44,113833,113834,113836,113838,113840],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113835,142],{"class":141},[44,113837,123],{"class":115},[44,113839,2386],{"class":119},[44,113841,135],{"class":115},[30,113843,113845],{"id":113844},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113847,113848],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[218,113850,113851,113857,113864,113867],{},[221,113852,113853,113854,113856],{},"call ",[15,113855,102920],{}," without saving the returned set",[221,113858,113859,113860,8844,113862],{},"confuse ",[15,113861,102920],{},[15,113863,15091],{},[221,113865,113866],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[221,113868,113869],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113871,113872,113873,536,113877,116],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[200,113874,1013,113875,10880],{"href":102909},[15,113876,106694],{},[200,113878,1013,113880,10880],{"href":113879},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113881,100540],{},[20,113883,62427],{},[35,113885,113887],{"className":37,"code":113886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113888,113889,113899,113913,113923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113890,113891,113893,113895,113897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113892,142],{"class":141},[44,113894,123],{"class":115},[44,113896,15804],{"class":119},[44,113898,135],{"class":115},[44,113900,113901,113903,113905,113907,113909,113911],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,113902,142],{"class":141},[44,113904,123],{"class":115},[44,113906,1297],{"class":1296},[44,113908,123],{"class":115},[44,113910,15804],{"class":119},[44,113912,567],{"class":115},[44,113914,113915,113917,113919,113921],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,113916,142],{"class":141},[44,113918,123],{"class":115},[44,113920,2386],{"class":119},[44,113922,135],{"class":115},[44,113924,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933,113935],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,113926,1934],{"class":141},[44,113928,123],{"class":115},[44,113930,6423],{"class":1296},[44,113932,116],{"class":115},[44,113934,111390],{"class":685},[44,113936,135],{"class":115},[30,113938,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,113940,12844,113942,102860],{"id":113941},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113943,108164],{},[20,113945,102863],{},[1474,113947,5302,113949,113951],{"id":113948},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113950,102920],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113953,113954],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1474,113956,28464,113958,113960],{"id":113957},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113959,102920],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113962,42290,113963,113965],{},[15,113964,102920],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1474,113967,113969],{"id":113968},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113971,113972],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1474,113974,5312,113976,536,113978,1995],{"id":113975},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113977,102920],{},[15,113979,113980],{},"|",[20,113982,113983,113984,113986,113987,113989],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113985,113980],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113988,102920],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[30,113991,2019],{"id":2018},[218,113993,113994,113998,114004,114010,114016],{},[221,113995,113996],{},[200,113997,96449],{"href":97620},[221,113999,114000],{},[200,114001,1013,114002,10880],{"href":98640},[15,114003,97435],{},[221,114005,114006],{},[200,114007,1013,114008,10880],{"href":102909},[15,114009,106694],{},[221,114011,114012],{},[200,114013,1013,114014,10880],{"href":113879},[15,114015,100540],{},[221,114017,114018],{},[200,114019,100465],{"href":99198},[2048,114021,114022],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":114024},[114025,114026,114028,114029,114030,114031,114033,114039,114044,114051,114052,114063],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":112120,"depth":69,"text":114027},"What set.union() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":22106,"depth":69,"text":22107},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":112607,"depth":69,"text":114032},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112765,"depth":69,"text":114034,"children":114035},"Using union() with other iterables",[114036,114037,114038],{"id":112776,"depth":81,"text":112777},{"id":112896,"depth":81,"text":112897},{"id":113038,"depth":81,"text":113039},{"id":113176,"depth":69,"text":114040,"children":114041},"union() vs update()",[114042,114043],{"id":111390,"depth":81,"text":102920},{"id":30601,"depth":81,"text":15091},{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":114045},[114046,114048,114049,114050],{"id":113383,"depth":81,"text":114047},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113551,"depth":81,"text":113552},{"id":113620,"depth":81,"text":113621},{"id":113746,"depth":81,"text":113747},{"id":113844,"depth":69,"text":113845},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":114053},[114054,114056,114058,114060,114061],{"id":113941,"depth":81,"text":114055},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113948,"depth":81,"text":114057},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113957,"depth":81,"text":114059},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113968,"depth":81,"text":113969},{"id":113975,"depth":81,"text":114062},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":112000,"description":114064},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114070,"title":114071,"body":114072,"description":115961,"extension":2084,"meta":115962,"navigation":84,"path":96934,"seo":115963,"stem":115964,"__hash__":115965},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114073,"toc":115927},[114074,114079,114084,114092,114094,114152,114157,114162,114166,114178,114181,114255,114260,114262,114264,114283,114285,114302,114305,114332,114334,114404,114408,114410,114416,114418,114479,114484,114486,114543,114547,114552,114617,114619,114639,114646,114650,114655,114740,114743,114750,114853,114857,114862,114920,114923,114934,114948,114955,115013,115020,115023,115033,115037,115095,115099,115165,115168,115226,115233,115240,115243,115247,115256,115325,115329,115335,115423,115433,115437,115441,115445,115448,115509,115514,115571,115575,115577,115612,115619,115621,115675,115682,115686,115689,115754,115763,115769,115826,115828,115833,115837,115841,115844,115851,115859,115863,115868,115872,115878,115880,115915,115924],[10,114075,96321,114077,18],{"id":114076},"python-set-update-method",[15,114078,15091],{},[20,114080,114081,114083],{},[15,114082,97435],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114085,114086,114087,114091],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[200,114088,114089],{"href":98621},[15,114090,96329],{},", which adds only one item.",[30,114093,3729],{"id":3728},[35,114095,114097],{"className":37,"code":114096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114098,114099,114115,114137,114147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114100,114101,114103,114105,114107,114109,114111,114113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114102,3739],{"class":50},[44,114104,55],{"class":54},[44,114106,10629],{"class":115},[44,114108,3111],{"class":77},[44,114110,129],{"class":115},[44,114112,3116],{"class":77},[44,114114,9447],{"class":115},[44,114116,114117,114119,114121,114123,114125,114127,114129,114131,114133,114135],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114118,3771],{"class":50},[44,114120,116],{"class":115},[44,114122,30601],{"class":119},[44,114124,3108],{"class":115},[44,114126,2177],{"class":77},[44,114128,129],{"class":115},[44,114130,2573],{"class":77},[44,114132,129],{"class":115},[44,114134,2579],{"class":77},[44,114136,4015],{"class":115},[44,114138,114139,114141,114143,114145],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114140,142],{"class":141},[44,114142,123],{"class":115},[44,114144,3771],{"class":119},[44,114146,135],{"class":115},[44,114148,114149],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,114150,114151],{"class":3787},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114153,189,114154,114156],{},[15,114155,15091],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[30,114158,3802,114160,3805],{"id":114159},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114161,97435],{},[20,114163,114164,790],{},[15,114165,97435],{},[218,114167,114168,114171,114173,114176],{},[221,114169,114170],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[221,114172,96436],{},[221,114174,114175],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[221,114177,96439],{},[20,114179,114180],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,114182,114184],{"className":37,"code":114183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114185,114186,114210,114236,114240,114250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114187,114188,114190,114192,114194,114196,114198,114200,114202,114204,114206,114208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114189,13213],{"class":50},[44,114191,55],{"class":54},[44,114193,10629],{"class":115},[44,114195,112],{"class":58},[44,114197,13230],{"class":62},[44,114199,112],{"class":58},[44,114201,129],{"class":115},[44,114203,59],{"class":58},[44,114205,13247],{"class":62},[44,114207,112],{"class":58},[44,114209,9447],{"class":115},[44,114211,114212,114214,114216,114218,114220,114222,114224,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114213,17639],{"class":50},[44,114215,116],{"class":115},[44,114217,30601],{"class":119},[44,114219,3108],{"class":115},[44,114221,112],{"class":58},[44,114223,13247],{"class":62},[44,114225,112],{"class":58},[44,114227,129],{"class":115},[44,114229,59],{"class":58},[44,114231,17592],{"class":62},[44,114233,112],{"class":58},[44,114235,4015],{"class":115},[44,114237,114238],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114239,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114241,114242,114244,114246,114248],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,114243,142],{"class":141},[44,114245,123],{"class":115},[44,114247,17639],{"class":119},[44,114249,135],{"class":115},[44,114251,114252],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,114253,114254],{"class":3787},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114256,21115,114257,114259],{},[15,114258,111155],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[30,114261,351],{"id":350},[20,114263,7356],{},[35,114265,114267],{"className":37,"code":114266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114268,114269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114270,114271,114273,114275,114277,114279,114281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114272,15804],{"class":50},[44,114274,116],{"class":115},[44,114276,30601],{"class":119},[44,114278,123],{"class":115},[44,114280,3846],{"class":119},[44,114282,135],{"class":115},[20,114284,80333],{},[218,114286,114287,114290,114293,114296,114299],{},[221,114288,114289],{},"A list",[221,114291,114292],{},"A tuple",[221,114294,114295],{},"Another set",[221,114297,114298],{},"A string",[221,114300,114301],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114303,114304],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,114306,114308],{"className":37,"code":114307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114309,114310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114311,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114313,15804],{"class":50},[44,114315,116],{"class":115},[44,114317,30601],{"class":119},[44,114319,123],{"class":115},[44,114321,200],{"class":119},[44,114323,129],{"class":115},[44,114325,2681],{"class":119},[44,114327,129],{"class":115},[44,114329,9820],{"class":119},[44,114331,135],{"class":115},[20,114333,238],{},[35,114335,114337],{"className":37,"code":114336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114338,114339,114351,114385,114389,114399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114340,114341,114343,114345,114347,114349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114342,3948],{"class":50},[44,114344,55],{"class":54},[44,114346,10629],{"class":115},[44,114348,3111],{"class":77},[44,114350,9447],{"class":115},[44,114352,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369,114371,114373,114375,114377,114379,114381,114383],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114354,5492],{"class":50},[44,114356,116],{"class":115},[44,114358,30601],{"class":119},[44,114360,3108],{"class":115},[44,114362,2177],{"class":77},[44,114364,129],{"class":115},[44,114366,2573],{"class":77},[44,114368,18199],{"class":115},[44,114370,9375],{"class":115},[44,114372,2626],{"class":77},[44,114374,129],{"class":115},[44,114376,4735],{"class":77},[44,114378,9372],{"class":115},[44,114380,10629],{"class":115},[44,114382,80724],{"class":77},[44,114384,30633],{"class":115},[44,114386,114387],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114388,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114390,114391,114393,114395,114397],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,114392,142],{"class":141},[44,114394,123],{"class":115},[44,114396,5492],{"class":119},[44,114398,135],{"class":115},[44,114400,114401],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,114402,114403],{"class":3787},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114405,96445,114406,116],{},[200,114407,96453],{"href":98004},[30,114409,22107],{"id":22106},[20,114411,114412,2518,114414,116],{},[15,114413,97435],{},[15,114415,3904],{},[20,114417,11854],{},[35,114419,114421],{"className":37,"code":114420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114422,114423,114439,114461,114465,114475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114424,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114426,3739],{"class":50},[44,114428,55],{"class":54},[44,114430,10629],{"class":115},[44,114432,3111],{"class":77},[44,114434,129],{"class":115},[44,114436,3116],{"class":77},[44,114438,9447],{"class":115},[44,114440,114441,114443,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457,114459],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114442,2351],{"class":50},[44,114444,55],{"class":54},[44,114446,4392],{"class":50},[44,114448,116],{"class":115},[44,114450,30601],{"class":119},[44,114452,3108],{"class":115},[44,114454,2183],{"class":77},[44,114456,129],{"class":115},[44,114458,2579],{"class":77},[44,114460,4015],{"class":115},[44,114462,114463],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114464,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114466,114467,114469,114471,114473],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,114468,142],{"class":141},[44,114470,123],{"class":115},[44,114472,2386],{"class":119},[44,114474,135],{"class":115},[44,114476,114477],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,114478,61963],{"class":3787},[20,114480,114481,114482,116],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114483,2386],{},[20,114485,19106],{},[35,114487,114489],{"className":37,"code":114488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114490,114491,114507,114525,114529,114539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114492,114493,114495,114497,114499,114501,114503,114505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114494,3739],{"class":50},[44,114496,55],{"class":54},[44,114498,10629],{"class":115},[44,114500,3111],{"class":77},[44,114502,129],{"class":115},[44,114504,3116],{"class":77},[44,114506,9447],{"class":115},[44,114508,114509,114511,114513,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114510,3771],{"class":50},[44,114512,116],{"class":115},[44,114514,30601],{"class":119},[44,114516,3108],{"class":115},[44,114518,2183],{"class":77},[44,114520,129],{"class":115},[44,114522,2579],{"class":77},[44,114524,4015],{"class":115},[44,114526,114527],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114528,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114530,114531,114533,114535,114537],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,114532,142],{"class":141},[44,114534,123],{"class":115},[44,114536,3771],{"class":119},[44,114538,135],{"class":115},[44,114540,114541],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,114542,114151],{"class":3787},[30,114544,114546],{"id":114545},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114548,114549,114550,116],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114551,15091],{},[35,114553,114555],{"className":37,"code":114554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114556,114557,114573,114599,114603,114613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114558,114559,114561,114563,114565,114567,114569,114571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114560,3739],{"class":50},[44,114562,55],{"class":54},[44,114564,10629],{"class":115},[44,114566,3111],{"class":77},[44,114568,129],{"class":115},[44,114570,3116],{"class":77},[44,114572,9447],{"class":115},[44,114574,114575,114577,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591,114593,114595,114597],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114576,3771],{"class":50},[44,114578,116],{"class":115},[44,114580,30601],{"class":119},[44,114582,3108],{"class":115},[44,114584,2177],{"class":77},[44,114586,129],{"class":115},[44,114588,2573],{"class":77},[44,114590,129],{"class":115},[44,114592,2579],{"class":77},[44,114594,129],{"class":115},[44,114596,2579],{"class":77},[44,114598,4015],{"class":115},[44,114600,114601],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114602,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114604,114605,114607,114609,114611],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,114606,142],{"class":141},[44,114608,123],{"class":115},[44,114610,3771],{"class":119},[44,114612,135],{"class":115},[44,114614,114615],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,114616,114151],{"class":3787},[20,114618,11823],{},[218,114620,114621,114626,114633],{},[221,114622,114623,114625],{},[15,114624,2177],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[221,114627,114628,536,114630,114632],{},[15,114629,2183],{},[15,114631,2626],{}," are added",[221,114634,114635,114636,114638],{},"The second ",[15,114637,2626],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114640,114641,114642,114645],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[200,114643,114644],{"href":99198},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[30,114647,114649],{"id":114648},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114651,7900,114652,114654],{},[15,114653,15091],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,114656,114658],{"className":37,"code":114657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114659,114660,114681,114702,114706,114722,114726,114736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114661,114662,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677,114679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114663,114664],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,114666,55],{"class":54},[44,114668,10629],{"class":115},[44,114670,3111],{"class":77},[44,114672,129],{"class":115},[44,114674,3116],{"class":77},[44,114676,129],{"class":115},[44,114678,2573],{"class":77},[44,114680,9447],{"class":115},[44,114682,114683,114686,114688,114690,114692,114694,114696,114698,114700],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114684,114685],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,114687,55],{"class":54},[44,114689,10629],{"class":115},[44,114691,2183],{"class":77},[44,114693,129],{"class":115},[44,114695,2579],{"class":77},[44,114697,129],{"class":115},[44,114699,4735],{"class":77},[44,114701,9447],{"class":115},[44,114703,114704],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114705,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114707,114708,114711,114713,114715,114717,114720],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,114709,114710],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,114712,116],{"class":115},[44,114714,30601],{"class":119},[44,114716,123],{"class":115},[44,114718,114719],{"class":119},"set_b",[44,114721,135],{"class":115},[44,114723,114724],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,114725,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114727,114728,114730,114732,114734],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,114729,142],{"class":141},[44,114731,123],{"class":115},[44,114733,114710],{"class":119},[44,114735,135],{"class":115},[44,114737,114738],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,114739,112112],{"class":3787},[20,114741,114742],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114744,114745,114746,116],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[200,114747,114748],{"href":102917},[15,114749,108164],{},[35,114751,114753],{"className":37,"code":114752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114754,114755,114775,114795,114799,114819,114823,114834,114838,114848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114756,114757,114759,114761,114763,114765,114767,114769,114771,114773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114758,114664],{"class":50},[44,114760,55],{"class":54},[44,114762,10629],{"class":115},[44,114764,3111],{"class":77},[44,114766,129],{"class":115},[44,114768,3116],{"class":77},[44,114770,129],{"class":115},[44,114772,2573],{"class":77},[44,114774,9447],{"class":115},[44,114776,114777,114779,114781,114783,114785,114787,114789,114791,114793],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114778,114685],{"class":50},[44,114780,55],{"class":54},[44,114782,10629],{"class":115},[44,114784,2183],{"class":77},[44,114786,129],{"class":115},[44,114788,2579],{"class":77},[44,114790,129],{"class":115},[44,114792,4735],{"class":77},[44,114794,9447],{"class":115},[44,114796,114797],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114798,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114800,114801,114804,114806,114809,114811,114813,114815,114817],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,114802,114803],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,114805,55],{"class":54},[44,114807,114808],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,114810,116],{"class":115},[44,114812,111390],{"class":119},[44,114814,123],{"class":115},[44,114816,114719],{"class":119},[44,114818,135],{"class":115},[44,114820,114821],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,114822,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114824,114825,114827,114829,114832],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,114826,142],{"class":141},[44,114828,123],{"class":115},[44,114830,114831],{"class":119},"combined",[44,114833,135],{"class":115},[44,114835,114836],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,114837,112112],{"class":3787},[44,114839,114840,114842,114844,114846],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,114841,142],{"class":141},[44,114843,123],{"class":115},[44,114845,114710],{"class":119},[44,114847,135],{"class":115},[44,114849,114850],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,114851,114852],{"class":3787},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,114854,114856],{"id":114855},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114858,64872,114859,114861],{},[15,114860,15091],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,114863,114865],{"className":37,"code":114864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114866,114867,114883,114901,114905,114915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114868,114869,114871,114873,114875,114877,114879,114881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114870,36227],{"class":50},[44,114872,55],{"class":54},[44,114874,10629],{"class":115},[44,114876,112],{"class":58},[44,114878,2294],{"class":62},[44,114880,112],{"class":58},[44,114882,9447],{"class":115},[44,114884,114885,114887,114889,114891,114893,114895,114897,114899],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114886,36280],{"class":50},[44,114888,116],{"class":115},[44,114890,30601],{"class":119},[44,114892,123],{"class":115},[44,114894,112],{"class":58},[44,114896,417],{"class":62},[44,114898,112],{"class":58},[44,114900,135],{"class":115},[44,114902,114903],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114904,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114906,114907,114909,114911,114913],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,114908,142],{"class":141},[44,114910,123],{"class":115},[44,114912,36280],{"class":119},[44,114914,135],{"class":115},[44,114916,114917],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,114918,114919],{"class":3787},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114921,114922],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114924,114925,14191,114928,114930,114931,114933],{},[15,114926,114927],{},"update(\"cat\")",[153,114929,4761],{}," add ",[15,114932,113157],{}," as one item. It adds:",[218,114935,114936,114940,114944],{},[221,114937,114938],{},[15,114939,66614],{},[221,114941,114942],{},[15,114943,18233],{},[221,114945,114946],{},[15,114947,113173],{},[20,114949,114950,114951,790],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[200,114952,114953],{"href":98621},[15,114954,96329],{},[35,114956,114958],{"className":37,"code":114957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114959,114960,114976,114994,114998,115008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114961,114962,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972,114974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114963,4198],{"class":50},[44,114965,55],{"class":54},[44,114967,10629],{"class":115},[44,114969,112],{"class":58},[44,114971,58258],{"class":62},[44,114973,112],{"class":58},[44,114975,9447],{"class":115},[44,114977,114978,114980,114982,114984,114986,114988,114990,114992],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,114979,4242],{"class":50},[44,114981,116],{"class":115},[44,114983,82236],{"class":119},[44,114985,123],{"class":115},[44,114987,112],{"class":58},[44,114989,417],{"class":62},[44,114991,112],{"class":58},[44,114993,135],{"class":115},[44,114995,114996],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,114997,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,114999,115000,115002,115004,115006],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115001,142],{"class":141},[44,115003,123],{"class":115},[44,115005,4242],{"class":119},[44,115007,135],{"class":115},[44,115009,115010],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115011,115012],{"class":3787},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,115014,115016,10724,115018],{"id":115015},"update-vs-add",[15,115017,15091],{},[15,115019,96324],{},[20,115021,115022],{},"The difference is simple:",[218,115024,115025,115029],{},[221,115026,115027,96923],{},[15,115028,96324],{},[221,115030,115031,96928],{},[15,115032,15091],{},[20,115034,1361,115035,790],{},[15,115036,96324],{},[35,115038,115040],{"className":37,"code":115039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,115041,115042,115058,115076,115080,115090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115043,115044,115046,115048,115050,115052,115054,115056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115045,36376],{"class":50},[44,115047,55],{"class":54},[44,115049,10629],{"class":115},[44,115051,112],{"class":58},[44,115053,4207],{"class":62},[44,115055,112],{"class":58},[44,115057,9447],{"class":115},[44,115059,115060,115062,115064,115066,115068,115070,115072,115074],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115061,36428],{"class":50},[44,115063,116],{"class":115},[44,115065,82236],{"class":119},[44,115067,123],{"class":115},[44,115069,112],{"class":58},[44,115071,4216],{"class":62},[44,115073,112],{"class":58},[44,115075,135],{"class":115},[44,115077,115078],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115079,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115081,115082,115084,115086,115088],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115083,142],{"class":141},[44,115085,123],{"class":115},[44,115087,36428],{"class":119},[44,115089,135],{"class":115},[44,115091,115092],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115093,115094],{"class":3787},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115096,1361,115097,790],{},[15,115098,15091],{},[35,115100,115102],{"className":37,"code":115101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115103,115104,115120,115146,115150,115160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115105,115106,115108,115110,115112,115114,115116,115118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115107,36376],{"class":50},[44,115109,55],{"class":54},[44,115111,10629],{"class":115},[44,115113,112],{"class":58},[44,115115,4207],{"class":62},[44,115117,112],{"class":58},[44,115119,9447],{"class":115},[44,115121,115122,115124,115126,115128,115130,115132,115134,115136,115138,115140,115142,115144],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115123,36428],{"class":50},[44,115125,116],{"class":115},[44,115127,30601],{"class":119},[44,115129,3108],{"class":115},[44,115131,112],{"class":58},[44,115133,4216],{"class":62},[44,115135,112],{"class":58},[44,115137,129],{"class":115},[44,115139,59],{"class":58},[44,115141,33357],{"class":62},[44,115143,112],{"class":58},[44,115145,4015],{"class":115},[44,115147,115148],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115149,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115151,115152,115154,115156,115158],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115153,142],{"class":141},[44,115155,123],{"class":115},[44,115157,36428],{"class":119},[44,115159,135],{"class":115},[44,115161,115162],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115163,115164],{"class":3787},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115166,115167],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,115169,115171],{"className":37,"code":115170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115172,115173,115189,115207,115211,115221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115174,115175,115177,115179,115181,115183,115185,115187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115176,36376],{"class":50},[44,115178,55],{"class":54},[44,115180,10629],{"class":115},[44,115182,112],{"class":58},[44,115184,4207],{"class":62},[44,115186,112],{"class":58},[44,115188,9447],{"class":115},[44,115190,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115192,36428],{"class":50},[44,115194,116],{"class":115},[44,115196,30601],{"class":119},[44,115198,123],{"class":115},[44,115200,112],{"class":58},[44,115202,38478],{"class":62},[44,115204,112],{"class":58},[44,115206,135],{"class":115},[44,115208,115209],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115210,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115212,115213,115215,115217,115219],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115214,142],{"class":141},[44,115216,123],{"class":115},[44,115218,36428],{"class":119},[44,115220,135],{"class":115},[44,115222,115223],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115224,115225],{"class":3787},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115227,62238,115228,62311,115231,6768],{},[15,115229,115230],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115232,96324],{},[30,115234,115236,10724,115238],{"id":115235},"update-vs-union",[15,115237,15091],{},[15,115239,102920],{},[20,115241,115242],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1474,115244,115245],{"id":30601},[15,115246,15091],{},[218,115248,115249,115252],{},[221,115250,115251],{},"Changes the existing set",[221,115253,11563,115254],{},[15,115255,3904],{},[35,115257,115259],{"className":37,"code":115258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115260,115261,115277,115293,115297,115311,115321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115262,115263,115265,115267,115269,115271,115273,115275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115264,2676],{"class":50},[44,115266,55],{"class":54},[44,115268,10629],{"class":115},[44,115270,3111],{"class":77},[44,115272,129],{"class":115},[44,115274,3116],{"class":77},[44,115276,9447],{"class":115},[44,115278,115279,115281,115283,115285,115287,115289,115291],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115280,2704],{"class":50},[44,115282,55],{"class":54},[44,115284,10629],{"class":115},[44,115286,2177],{"class":77},[44,115288,129],{"class":115},[44,115290,2573],{"class":77},[44,115292,9447],{"class":115},[44,115294,115295],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115296,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115298,115299,115301,115303,115305,115307,115309],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115300,200],{"class":50},[44,115302,116],{"class":115},[44,115304,30601],{"class":119},[44,115306,123],{"class":115},[44,115308,4891],{"class":119},[44,115310,135],{"class":115},[44,115312,115313,115315,115317,115319],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115314,142],{"class":141},[44,115316,123],{"class":115},[44,115318,200],{"class":119},[44,115320,135],{"class":115},[44,115322,115323],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,115324,114852],{"class":3787},[1474,115326,115327],{"id":111390},[15,115328,102920],{},[218,115330,115331,115333],{},[221,115332,101458],{},[221,115334,101461],{},[35,115336,115338],{"className":37,"code":115337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115339,115340,115356,115372,115376,115394,115404,115408,115418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115341,115342,115344,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115343,2676],{"class":50},[44,115345,55],{"class":54},[44,115347,10629],{"class":115},[44,115349,3111],{"class":77},[44,115351,129],{"class":115},[44,115353,3116],{"class":77},[44,115355,9447],{"class":115},[44,115357,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368,115370],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115359,2704],{"class":50},[44,115361,55],{"class":54},[44,115363,10629],{"class":115},[44,115365,2177],{"class":77},[44,115367,129],{"class":115},[44,115369,2573],{"class":77},[44,115371,9447],{"class":115},[44,115373,115374],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115375,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115377,115378,115380,115382,115384,115386,115388,115390,115392],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115379,83315],{"class":50},[44,115381,55],{"class":54},[44,115383,57018],{"class":50},[44,115385,116],{"class":115},[44,115387,111390],{"class":119},[44,115389,123],{"class":115},[44,115391,4891],{"class":119},[44,115393,135],{"class":115},[44,115395,115396,115398,115400,115402],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115397,142],{"class":141},[44,115399,123],{"class":115},[44,115401,9878],{"class":119},[44,115403,135],{"class":115},[44,115405,115406],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,115407,114852],{"class":3787},[44,115409,115410,115412,115414,115416],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,115411,142],{"class":141},[44,115413,123],{"class":115},[44,115415,200],{"class":119},[44,115417,135],{"class":115},[44,115419,115420],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,115421,115422],{"class":3787},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115424,107806,115425,115427,115428,115432],{},[15,115426,15091],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[200,115429,115430],{"href":102917},[15,115431,102920],{}," when you want a new set.",[30,115434,115436],{"id":115435},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115438,10887,115439,116],{},[15,115440,97435],{},[1474,115442,115444],{"id":115443},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115446,115447],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,115449,115451],{"className":37,"code":115450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115452,115453,115469,115491,115495,115505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115454,115455,115457,115459,115461,115463,115465,115467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115456,15766],{"class":50},[44,115458,55],{"class":54},[44,115460,10629],{"class":115},[44,115462,3111],{"class":77},[44,115464,129],{"class":115},[44,115466,3116],{"class":77},[44,115468,9447],{"class":115},[44,115470,115471,115473,115475,115477,115479,115481,115483,115485,115487,115489],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115472,2351],{"class":50},[44,115474,55],{"class":54},[44,115476,97045],{"class":50},[44,115478,116],{"class":115},[44,115480,30601],{"class":119},[44,115482,3108],{"class":115},[44,115484,2183],{"class":77},[44,115486,129],{"class":115},[44,115488,2579],{"class":77},[44,115490,4015],{"class":115},[44,115492,115493],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115494,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115496,115497,115499,115501,115503],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115498,142],{"class":141},[44,115500,123],{"class":115},[44,115502,2386],{"class":119},[44,115504,135],{"class":115},[44,115506,115507],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115508,61963],{"class":3787},[20,115510,115511,115512,790],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115513,15091],{},[35,115515,115517],{"className":37,"code":115516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115518,115519,115535,115553,115557,115567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115520,115521,115523,115525,115527,115529,115531,115533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115522,15766],{"class":50},[44,115524,55],{"class":54},[44,115526,10629],{"class":115},[44,115528,3111],{"class":77},[44,115530,129],{"class":115},[44,115532,3116],{"class":77},[44,115534,9447],{"class":115},[44,115536,115537,115539,115541,115543,115545,115547,115549,115551],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115538,15804],{"class":50},[44,115540,116],{"class":115},[44,115542,30601],{"class":119},[44,115544,3108],{"class":115},[44,115546,2183],{"class":77},[44,115548,129],{"class":115},[44,115550,2579],{"class":77},[44,115552,4015],{"class":115},[44,115554,115555],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115556,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115558,115559,115561,115563,115565],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115560,142],{"class":141},[44,115562,123],{"class":115},[44,115564,15804],{"class":119},[44,115566,135],{"class":115},[44,115568,115569],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115570,114151],{"class":3787},[1474,115572,115574],{"id":115573},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115576,2958],{},[35,115578,115580],{"className":37,"code":115579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115581,115582,115598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115583,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592,115594,115596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115585,15766],{"class":50},[44,115587,55],{"class":54},[44,115589,10629],{"class":115},[44,115591,3111],{"class":77},[44,115593,129],{"class":115},[44,115595,3116],{"class":77},[44,115597,9447],{"class":115},[44,115599,115600,115602,115604,115606,115608,115610],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115601,15804],{"class":50},[44,115603,116],{"class":115},[44,115605,30601],{"class":119},[44,115607,123],{"class":115},[44,115609,2257],{"class":77},[44,115611,135],{"class":115},[20,115613,62417,115614,8740,115616,115618],{},[15,115615,3129],{},[15,115617,2257],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115620,6692],{},[35,115622,115624],{"className":37,"code":115623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115625,115626,115642,115656,115660,115670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115627,115628,115630,115632,115634,115636,115638,115640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115629,15766],{"class":50},[44,115631,55],{"class":54},[44,115633,10629],{"class":115},[44,115635,3111],{"class":77},[44,115637,129],{"class":115},[44,115639,3116],{"class":77},[44,115641,9447],{"class":115},[44,115643,115644,115646,115648,115650,115652,115654],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115645,15804],{"class":50},[44,115647,116],{"class":115},[44,115649,30601],{"class":119},[44,115651,3108],{"class":115},[44,115653,2257],{"class":77},[44,115655,4015],{"class":115},[44,115657,115658],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115659,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115661,115662,115664,115666,115668],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115663,142],{"class":141},[44,115665,123],{"class":115},[44,115667,15804],{"class":119},[44,115669,135],{"class":115},[44,115671,115672],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115673,115674],{"class":3787},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115676,46047,115677,116],{},[200,115678,25814,115679],{"href":52729},[15,115680,115681],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1474,115683,115685],{"id":115684},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115687,115688],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,115690,115692],{"className":37,"code":115691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115693,115694,115710,115736,115740,115750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115695,115696,115698,115700,115702,115704,115706,115708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115697,15766],{"class":50},[44,115699,55],{"class":54},[44,115701,10629],{"class":115},[44,115703,3111],{"class":77},[44,115705,129],{"class":115},[44,115707,3116],{"class":77},[44,115709,9447],{"class":115},[44,115711,115712,115714,115716,115718,115720,115722,115724,115726,115728,115730,115732,115734],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115713,15804],{"class":50},[44,115715,116],{"class":115},[44,115717,30601],{"class":119},[44,115719,3108],{"class":115},[44,115721,2177],{"class":77},[44,115723,129],{"class":115},[44,115725,3116],{"class":77},[44,115727,129],{"class":115},[44,115729,3116],{"class":77},[44,115731,129],{"class":115},[44,115733,2573],{"class":77},[44,115735,4015],{"class":115},[44,115737,115738],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115739,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115741,115742,115744,115746,115748],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115743,142],{"class":141},[44,115745,123],{"class":115},[44,115747,15804],{"class":119},[44,115749,135],{"class":115},[44,115751,115752],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115753,114852],{"class":3787},[1474,115755,115757,115758,44764,115760,115762],{"id":115756},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115759,15091],{},[15,115761,96324],{}," is better",[20,115764,115765,115766,115768],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115767,96324],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,115770,115772],{"className":37,"code":115771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115773,115774,115790,115808,115812,115822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115775,115776,115778,115780,115782,115784,115786,115788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115777,15766],{"class":50},[44,115779,55],{"class":54},[44,115781,10629],{"class":115},[44,115783,112],{"class":58},[44,115785,58258],{"class":62},[44,115787,112],{"class":58},[44,115789,9447],{"class":115},[44,115791,115792,115794,115796,115798,115800,115802,115804,115806],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,115793,15804],{"class":50},[44,115795,116],{"class":115},[44,115797,82236],{"class":119},[44,115799,123],{"class":115},[44,115801,112],{"class":58},[44,115803,417],{"class":62},[44,115805,112],{"class":58},[44,115807,135],{"class":115},[44,115809,115810],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,115811,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,115813,115814,115816,115818,115820],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,115815,142],{"class":141},[44,115817,123],{"class":115},[44,115819,15804],{"class":119},[44,115821,135],{"class":115},[44,115823,115824],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,115825,115012],{"class":3787},[30,115827,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,115829,12844,115831,97414],{"id":115830},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115832,97435],{},[20,115834,97417,115835,116],{},[15,115836,3904],{},[1474,115838,28464,115839,32362],{"id":32359},[15,115840,15091],{},[20,115842,115843],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1474,115845,5312,115847,536,115849,1995],{"id":115846},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115848,96324],{},[15,115850,15091],{},[20,115852,115853,115855,115856,115858],{},[15,115854,96324],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115857,15091],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1474,115860,115862],{"id":115861},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115864,115865,115866,114861],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115867,15091],{},[1474,115869,115871],{"id":115870},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115873,189,115874,11232,115876,116],{},[15,115875,102920],{},[15,115877,15091],{},[30,115879,2019],{"id":2018},[218,115881,115882,115889,115896,115902,115908],{},[221,115883,115884],{},[200,115885,115886],{"href":98621},[15,115887,115888],{},"Python set add() method",[221,115890,115891],{},[200,115892,115893],{"href":102917},[15,115894,115895],{},"Python set union() method",[221,115897,115898],{},[200,115899,115900],{"href":98004},[15,115901,97459],{},[221,115903,115904],{},[200,115905,115906],{"href":99198},[15,115907,100465],{},[221,115909,115910],{},[200,115911,115912,115914],{"href":52729},[15,115913,115681],{}," fix",[20,115916,115917,115918,115920,115921,115923],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115919,96329],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115922,108164],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2048,115925,115926],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":115928},[115929,115930,115932,115933,115934,115935,115936,115937,115939,115944,115951,115960],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":114159,"depth":69,"text":115931},"What set.update() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":22106,"depth":69,"text":22107},{"id":114545,"depth":69,"text":114546},{"id":114648,"depth":69,"text":114649},{"id":114855,"depth":69,"text":114856},{"id":115015,"depth":69,"text":115938},"update() vs add()",{"id":115235,"depth":69,"text":115940,"children":115941},"update() vs union()",[115942,115943],{"id":30601,"depth":81,"text":15091},{"id":111390,"depth":81,"text":102920},{"id":115435,"depth":69,"text":115436,"children":115945},[115946,115947,115948,115949],{"id":115443,"depth":81,"text":115444},{"id":115573,"depth":81,"text":115574},{"id":115684,"depth":81,"text":115685},{"id":115756,"depth":81,"text":115950},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":115952},[115953,115955,115956,115958,115959],{"id":115830,"depth":81,"text":115954},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32359,"depth":81,"text":32432},{"id":115846,"depth":81,"text":115957},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115861,"depth":81,"text":115862},{"id":115870,"depth":81,"text":115871},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114071,"description":115961},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115967,"title":115968,"body":115969,"description":117735,"extension":2084,"meta":117736,"navigation":84,"path":13927,"seo":117737,"stem":117738,"__hash__":117739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115970,"toc":117710},[115971,115974,115977,115980,115991,115999,116002,116004,116153,116165,116169,116186,116190,116198,116200,116211,116213,116310,116316,116319,116415,116424,116429,116433,116438,116440,116450,116452,116561,116569,116573,116576,116579,116596,116602,116682,116685,116689,116692,116696,116699,116758,116761,116765,116768,116860,116864,116867,116974,116978,116984,117012,117014,117096,117106,117110,117113,117124,117127,117212,117215,117220,117224,117227,117238,117241,117383,117386,117390,117393,117407,117410,117471,117477,117479,117482,117504,117507,117607,117610,117642,117644,117648,117651,117653,117656,117660,117663,117667,117670,117674,117677,117679,117707],[10,115972,115968],{"id":115973},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115975,115976],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115978,115979],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[218,115981,115982,115985,115988],{},[221,115983,115984],{},"a list inside another list",[221,115986,115987],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[221,115989,115990],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115992,100387,115993,536,115995,115998],{},[153,115994,12990],{},[153,115996,115997],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,116000,116001],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[30,116003,33],{"id":32},[35,116005,116007],{"className":37,"code":116006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116008,116009,116016,116020,116046,116066,116086,116090,116108,116112,116125,116139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116010,116011,116013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116012,35226],{"class":4003},[44,116014,116015],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,116017,116018],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116019,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116021,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032,116034,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,116023,12226],{"class":50},[44,116025,55],{"class":54},[44,116027,56424],{"class":115},[44,116029,3111],{"class":77},[44,116031,129],{"class":115},[44,116033,3116],{"class":77},[44,116035,18199],{"class":115},[44,116037,3744],{"class":115},[44,116039,2183],{"class":77},[44,116041,129],{"class":115},[44,116043,2579],{"class":77},[44,116045,53372],{"class":115},[44,116047,116048,116051,116053,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,116049,116050],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,116052,55],{"class":54},[44,116054,116055],{"class":50}," copy",[44,116057,116],{"class":115},[44,116059,13050],{"class":119},[44,116061,123],{"class":115},[44,116063,12273],{"class":119},[44,116065,135],{"class":115},[44,116067,116068,116071,116073,116075,116077,116080,116082,116084],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,116069,116070],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,116072,55],{"class":54},[44,116074,116055],{"class":50},[44,116076,116],{"class":115},[44,116078,116079],{"class":119},"deepcopy",[44,116081,123],{"class":115},[44,116083,12273],{"class":119},[44,116085,135],{"class":115},[44,116087,116088],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,116089,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116091,116092,116094,116096,116098,116100,116102,116104,116106],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,116093,12273],{"class":50},[44,116095,4027],{"class":115},[44,116097,2240],{"class":77},[44,116099,13688],{"class":115},[44,116101,13691],{"class":119},[44,116103,123],{"class":115},[44,116105,56477],{"class":77},[44,116107,135],{"class":115},[44,116109,116110],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,116111,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116113,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,116115,142],{"class":141},[44,116117,123],{"class":115},[44,116119,12273],{"class":119},[44,116121,3784],{"class":115},[44,116123,116124],{"class":3787},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116126,116127,116129,116131,116134,116136],{"class":46,"line":6574},[44,116128,142],{"class":141},[44,116130,123],{"class":115},[44,116132,116133],{"class":119},"shallow",[44,116135,3784],{"class":115},[44,116137,116138],{"class":3787},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116140,116141,116143,116145,116148,116150],{"class":46,"line":11734},[44,116142,142],{"class":141},[44,116144,123],{"class":115},[44,116146,116147],{"class":119},"deep",[44,116149,3784],{"class":115},[44,116151,116152],{"class":3787},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116154,189,116155,116158,116159,536,116161,116164],{},[15,116156,116157],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[153,116160,12990],{},[15,116162,116163],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[30,116166,116168],{"id":116167},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[218,116170,116171,116174,116177,116180,116183],{},[221,116172,116173],{},"What a copy means in Python",[221,116175,116176],{},"How shallow copy works",[221,116178,116179],{},"How deep copy works",[221,116181,116182],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[221,116184,116185],{},"When to use each approach",[30,116187,116189],{"id":116188},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116191,15326,116192,116194,116195,116197],{},[153,116193,12990],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[153,116196,4761],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116199,2227],{},[218,116201,116202,116205,116208],{},[221,116203,116204],{},"the outer container is new",[221,116206,116207],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[221,116209,116210],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116212,238],{},[35,116214,116216],{"className":37,"code":116215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116217,116218,116244,116258,116262,116280,116284,116297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116219,116220,116222,116224,116226,116228,116230,116232,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116221,12226],{"class":50},[44,116223,55],{"class":54},[44,116225,56424],{"class":115},[44,116227,3111],{"class":77},[44,116229,129],{"class":115},[44,116231,3116],{"class":77},[44,116233,18199],{"class":115},[44,116235,3744],{"class":115},[44,116237,2183],{"class":77},[44,116239,129],{"class":115},[44,116241,2579],{"class":77},[44,116243,53372],{"class":115},[44,116245,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254,116256],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116247,14449],{"class":50},[44,116249,55],{"class":54},[44,116251,12301],{"class":50},[44,116253,116],{"class":115},[44,116255,13050],{"class":119},[44,116257,8782],{"class":115},[44,116259,116260],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,116261,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116263,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276,116278],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,116265,14468],{"class":50},[44,116267,116],{"class":115},[44,116269,13691],{"class":119},[44,116271,3108],{"class":115},[44,116273,2257],{"class":77},[44,116275,129],{"class":115},[44,116277,37780],{"class":77},[44,116279,4015],{"class":115},[44,116281,116282],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,116283,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116285,116286,116288,116290,116292,116294],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,116287,142],{"class":141},[44,116289,123],{"class":115},[44,116291,12273],{"class":119},[44,116293,3784],{"class":115},[44,116295,116296],{"class":3787},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,116298,116299,116301,116303,116305,116307],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,116300,142],{"class":141},[44,116302,123],{"class":115},[44,116304,14468],{"class":119},[44,116306,3784],{"class":115},[44,116308,116309],{"class":3787},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116311,116312,116313,116315],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116314,14468],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116317,116318],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,116320,116322],{"className":37,"code":116321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116323,116324,116350,116364,116368,116386,116390,116402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116325,116326,116328,116330,116332,116334,116336,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116327,12226],{"class":50},[44,116329,55],{"class":54},[44,116331,56424],{"class":115},[44,116333,3111],{"class":77},[44,116335,129],{"class":115},[44,116337,3116],{"class":77},[44,116339,18199],{"class":115},[44,116341,3744],{"class":115},[44,116343,2183],{"class":77},[44,116345,129],{"class":115},[44,116347,2579],{"class":77},[44,116349,53372],{"class":115},[44,116351,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116353,14449],{"class":50},[44,116355,55],{"class":54},[44,116357,12301],{"class":50},[44,116359,116],{"class":115},[44,116361,13050],{"class":119},[44,116363,8782],{"class":115},[44,116365,116366],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,116367,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116369,116370,116372,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382,116384],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,116371,14468],{"class":50},[44,116373,4027],{"class":115},[44,116375,2240],{"class":77},[44,116377,13688],{"class":115},[44,116379,13691],{"class":119},[44,116381,123],{"class":115},[44,116383,56477],{"class":77},[44,116385,135],{"class":115},[44,116387,116388],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,116389,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116391,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,116393,142],{"class":141},[44,116395,123],{"class":115},[44,116397,12273],{"class":119},[44,116399,3784],{"class":115},[44,116401,116124],{"class":3787},[44,116403,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,116405,142],{"class":141},[44,116407,123],{"class":115},[44,116409,14468],{"class":119},[44,116411,3784],{"class":115},[44,116413,116414],{"class":3787},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116416,116417,116418,536,116420,116423],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116419,56581],{},[15,116421,116422],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116425,116426,116427,116],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[200,116428,44070],{"href":12205},[30,116430,116432],{"id":116431},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116434,15326,116435,116437],{},[153,116436,115997],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116439,2227],{},[218,116441,116442,116444,116447],{},[221,116443,116204],{},[221,116445,116446],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[221,116448,116449],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116451,238],{},[35,116453,116455],{"className":37,"code":116454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116456,116457,116463,116467,116493,116511,116515,116533,116537,116549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116458,116459,116461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116460,35226],{"class":4003},[44,116462,116015],{"class":50},[44,116464,116465],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116466,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116468,116469,116471,116473,116475,116477,116479,116481,116483,116485,116487,116489,116491],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,116470,12226],{"class":50},[44,116472,55],{"class":54},[44,116474,56424],{"class":115},[44,116476,3111],{"class":77},[44,116478,129],{"class":115},[44,116480,3116],{"class":77},[44,116482,18199],{"class":115},[44,116484,3744],{"class":115},[44,116486,2183],{"class":77},[44,116488,129],{"class":115},[44,116490,2579],{"class":77},[44,116492,53372],{"class":115},[44,116494,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505,116507,116509],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,116496,14449],{"class":50},[44,116498,55],{"class":54},[44,116500,116055],{"class":50},[44,116502,116],{"class":115},[44,116504,116079],{"class":119},[44,116506,123],{"class":115},[44,116508,12273],{"class":119},[44,116510,135],{"class":115},[44,116512,116513],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,116514,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116516,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527,116529,116531],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,116518,14468],{"class":50},[44,116520,4027],{"class":115},[44,116522,2240],{"class":77},[44,116524,13688],{"class":115},[44,116526,13691],{"class":119},[44,116528,123],{"class":115},[44,116530,56477],{"class":77},[44,116532,135],{"class":115},[44,116534,116535],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,116536,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116538,116539,116541,116543,116545,116547],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,116540,142],{"class":141},[44,116542,123],{"class":115},[44,116544,12273],{"class":119},[44,116546,3784],{"class":115},[44,116548,116296],{"class":3787},[44,116550,116551,116553,116555,116557,116559],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,116552,142],{"class":141},[44,116554,123],{"class":115},[44,116556,14468],{"class":119},[44,116558,3784],{"class":115},[44,116560,116414],{"class":3787},[20,116562,116563,116564,116566,116567,116],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116565,116422],{}," does not change ",[15,116568,56581],{},[30,116570,116572],{"id":116571},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116574,116575],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116577,116578],{},"Common reasons:",[218,116580,116581,116584,116587,116593],{},[221,116582,116583],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[221,116585,116586],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[221,116588,116589,116590,116592],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116591,55],{}," does not make a copy",[221,116594,116595],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116597,116598,116599,116601],{},"For example, this does ",[153,116600,4761],{}," create a copy:",[35,116603,116605],{"className":37,"code":116604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116606,116607,116627,116635,116639,116653,116657,116669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116608,116609,116611,116613,116615,116617,116619,116621,116623,116625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116610,12226],{"class":50},[44,116612,55],{"class":54},[44,116614,3744],{"class":115},[44,116616,3111],{"class":77},[44,116618,129],{"class":115},[44,116620,3116],{"class":77},[44,116622,129],{"class":115},[44,116624,2573],{"class":77},[44,116626,3757],{"class":115},[44,116628,116629,116631,116633],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116630,14449],{"class":50},[44,116632,55],{"class":54},[44,116634,12264],{"class":50},[44,116636,116637],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,116638,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116640,116641,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,116642,14468],{"class":50},[44,116644,116],{"class":115},[44,116646,13691],{"class":119},[44,116648,123],{"class":115},[44,116650,2626],{"class":77},[44,116652,135],{"class":115},[44,116654,116655],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,116656,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116658,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,116660,142],{"class":141},[44,116662,123],{"class":115},[44,116664,12273],{"class":119},[44,116666,3784],{"class":115},[44,116668,55831],{"class":3787},[44,116670,116671,116673,116675,116677,116679],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,116672,142],{"class":141},[44,116674,123],{"class":115},[44,116676,14468],{"class":119},[44,116678,3784],{"class":115},[44,116680,116681],{"class":3787},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116683,116684],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[30,116686,116688],{"id":116687},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116690,116691],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1474,116693,116695],{"id":116694},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116697,116698],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,116700,116702],{"className":37,"code":116701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116703,116704,116730,116738,116742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116705,116706,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724,116726,116728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116707,12226],{"class":50},[44,116709,55],{"class":54},[44,116711,56424],{"class":115},[44,116713,3111],{"class":77},[44,116715,129],{"class":115},[44,116717,3116],{"class":77},[44,116719,18199],{"class":115},[44,116721,3744],{"class":115},[44,116723,2183],{"class":77},[44,116725,129],{"class":115},[44,116727,2579],{"class":77},[44,116729,53372],{"class":115},[44,116731,116732,116734,116736],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116733,14240],{"class":50},[44,116735,55],{"class":54},[44,116737,12264],{"class":50},[44,116739,116740],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,116741,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116743,116744,116746,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,116745,142],{"class":141},[44,116747,123],{"class":115},[44,116749,12226],{"class":119},[44,116751,168],{"class":4003},[44,116753,14308],{"class":119},[44,116755,3784],{"class":115},[44,116757,3788],{"class":3787},[20,116759,116760],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1474,116762,116764],{"id":116763},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116766,116767],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,116769,116771],{"className":37,"code":116770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116772,116773,116799,116813,116817,116834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116774,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116776,12226],{"class":50},[44,116778,55],{"class":54},[44,116780,56424],{"class":115},[44,116782,3111],{"class":77},[44,116784,129],{"class":115},[44,116786,3116],{"class":77},[44,116788,18199],{"class":115},[44,116790,3744],{"class":115},[44,116792,2183],{"class":77},[44,116794,129],{"class":115},[44,116796,2579],{"class":77},[44,116798,53372],{"class":115},[44,116800,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809,116811],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116802,116050],{"class":50},[44,116804,55],{"class":54},[44,116806,12301],{"class":50},[44,116808,116],{"class":115},[44,116810,13050],{"class":119},[44,116812,8782],{"class":115},[44,116814,116815],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,116816,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116818,116819,116821,116823,116825,116827,116830,116832],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,116820,142],{"class":141},[44,116822,123],{"class":115},[44,116824,12226],{"class":119},[44,116826,168],{"class":4003},[44,116828,116829],{"class":119}," shallow",[44,116831,3784],{"class":115},[44,116833,21338],{"class":3787},[44,116835,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848,116850,116852,116854,116856,116858],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,116837,142],{"class":141},[44,116839,123],{"class":115},[44,116841,12273],{"class":119},[44,116843,4027],{"class":115},[44,116845,2240],{"class":77},[44,116847,13411],{"class":115},[44,116849,8234],{"class":4003},[44,116851,116829],{"class":119},[44,116853,4027],{"class":115},[44,116855,2240],{"class":77},[44,116857,20583],{"class":115},[44,116859,3788],{"class":3787},[1474,116861,116863],{"id":116862},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116865,116866],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,116868,116870],{"className":37,"code":116869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116871,116872,116878,116882,116908,116926,116930,116948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116873,116874,116876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116875,35226],{"class":4003},[44,116877,116015],{"class":50},[44,116879,116880],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,116881,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116883,116884,116886,116888,116890,116892,116894,116896,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,116885,12226],{"class":50},[44,116887,55],{"class":54},[44,116889,56424],{"class":115},[44,116891,3111],{"class":77},[44,116893,129],{"class":115},[44,116895,3116],{"class":77},[44,116897,18199],{"class":115},[44,116899,3744],{"class":115},[44,116901,2183],{"class":77},[44,116903,129],{"class":115},[44,116905,2579],{"class":77},[44,116907,53372],{"class":115},[44,116909,116910,116912,116914,116916,116918,116920,116922,116924],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,116911,116070],{"class":50},[44,116913,55],{"class":54},[44,116915,116055],{"class":50},[44,116917,116],{"class":115},[44,116919,116079],{"class":119},[44,116921,123],{"class":115},[44,116923,12273],{"class":119},[44,116925,135],{"class":115},[44,116927,116928],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,116929,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,116931,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940,116943,116945],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,116933,142],{"class":141},[44,116935,123],{"class":115},[44,116937,12226],{"class":119},[44,116939,168],{"class":4003},[44,116941,116942],{"class":119}," deep",[44,116944,3784],{"class":115},[44,116946,116947],{"class":3787},"         # False\n",[44,116949,116950,116952,116954,116956,116958,116960,116962,116964,116966,116968,116970,116972],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,116951,142],{"class":141},[44,116953,123],{"class":115},[44,116955,12273],{"class":119},[44,116957,4027],{"class":115},[44,116959,2240],{"class":77},[44,116961,13411],{"class":115},[44,116963,8234],{"class":4003},[44,116965,116942],{"class":119},[44,116967,4027],{"class":115},[44,116969,2240],{"class":77},[44,116971,20583],{"class":115},[44,116973,44006],{"class":3787},[30,116975,116977],{"id":116976},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116979,116980,116981,790],{},"These all make ",[153,116982,116983],{},"shallow copies",[218,116985,116986,116990,116994,116999,117005],{},[221,116987,116988],{},[15,116989,55731],{},[221,116991,116992],{},[15,116993,12574],{},[221,116995,116996],{},[15,116997,116998],{},"set.copy()",[221,117000,117001,117002],{},"list slicing like ",[15,117003,117004],{},"my_list[:]",[221,117006,117007,117009,117010,35216],{},[15,117008,116157],{}," from the ",[15,117011,13050],{},[20,117013,2246],{},[35,117015,117017],{"className":37,"code":117016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,117018,117019,117039,117043,117057,117068,117072,117084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117020,117021,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031,117033,117035,117037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117022,3739],{"class":50},[44,117024,55],{"class":54},[44,117026,3744],{"class":115},[44,117028,3111],{"class":77},[44,117030,129],{"class":115},[44,117032,3116],{"class":77},[44,117034,129],{"class":115},[44,117036,2573],{"class":77},[44,117038,3757],{"class":115},[44,117040,117041],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117042,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117044,117045,117047,117049,117051,117053,117055],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,117046,2676],{"class":50},[44,117048,55],{"class":54},[44,117050,4392],{"class":50},[44,117052,116],{"class":115},[44,117054,13050],{"class":119},[44,117056,8782],{"class":115},[44,117058,117059,117061,117063,117065],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,117060,2704],{"class":50},[44,117062,55],{"class":54},[44,117064,4392],{"class":50},[44,117066,117067],{"class":115},"[:]\n",[44,117069,117070],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,117071,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117073,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,117075,142],{"class":141},[44,117077,123],{"class":115},[44,117079,200],{"class":119},[44,117081,3784],{"class":115},[44,117083,55062],{"class":3787},[44,117085,117086,117088,117090,117092,117094],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,117087,142],{"class":141},[44,117089,123],{"class":115},[44,117091,4891],{"class":119},[44,117093,3784],{"class":115},[44,117095,55062],{"class":3787},[20,117097,73271,117098,47665,117102,116],{},[200,117099,117100,10880],{"href":55090},[15,117101,55731],{},[200,117103,117104,10880],{"href":12571},[15,117105,12574],{},[30,117107,117109],{"id":117108},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117111,117112],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[218,117114,117115,117118,117121],{},[221,117116,117117],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[221,117119,117120],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[221,117122,117123],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117125,117126],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,117128,117130],{"className":37,"code":117129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117131,117132,117152,117166,117170,117184,117188,117200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117133,117134,117136,117138,117140,117142,117144,117146,117148,117150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117135,12226],{"class":50},[44,117137,55],{"class":54},[44,117139,3744],{"class":115},[44,117141,3111],{"class":77},[44,117143,129],{"class":115},[44,117145,3116],{"class":77},[44,117147,129],{"class":115},[44,117149,2573],{"class":77},[44,117151,3757],{"class":115},[44,117153,117154,117156,117158,117160,117162,117164],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117155,14449],{"class":50},[44,117157,55],{"class":54},[44,117159,12301],{"class":50},[44,117161,116],{"class":115},[44,117163,13050],{"class":119},[44,117165,8782],{"class":115},[44,117167,117168],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,117169,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117171,117172,117174,117176,117178,117180,117182],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,117173,14468],{"class":50},[44,117175,116],{"class":115},[44,117177,13691],{"class":119},[44,117179,123],{"class":115},[44,117181,2626],{"class":77},[44,117183,135],{"class":115},[44,117185,117186],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,117187,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117189,117190,117192,117194,117196,117198],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,117191,142],{"class":141},[44,117193,123],{"class":115},[44,117195,12273],{"class":119},[44,117197,3784],{"class":115},[44,117199,55062],{"class":3787},[44,117201,117202,117204,117206,117208,117210],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,117203,142],{"class":141},[44,117205,123],{"class":115},[44,117207,14468],{"class":119},[44,117209,3784],{"class":115},[44,117211,116681],{"class":3787},[20,117213,117214],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117216,117217,117218,116],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[200,117219,15026],{"href":57350},[30,117221,117223],{"id":117222},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117225,117226],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[218,117228,117229,117232,117235],{},[221,117230,117231],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[221,117233,117234],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[221,117236,117237],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117239,117240],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,117242,117244],{"className":37,"code":117243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117245,117246,117252,117256,117282,117296,117314,117318,117340,117344,117357,117370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117247,117248,117250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117249,35226],{"class":4003},[44,117251,116015],{"class":50},[44,117253,117254],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117255,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117257,117258,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274,117276,117278,117280],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,117259,12226],{"class":50},[44,117261,55],{"class":54},[44,117263,10629],{"class":115},[44,117265,112],{"class":58},[44,117267,16526],{"class":62},[44,117269,112],{"class":58},[44,117271,790],{"class":115},[44,117273,3744],{"class":115},[44,117275,2451],{"class":77},[44,117277,129],{"class":115},[44,117279,7928],{"class":77},[44,117281,13843],{"class":115},[44,117283,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,117285,116050],{"class":50},[44,117287,55],{"class":54},[44,117289,12301],{"class":50},[44,117291,116],{"class":115},[44,117293,13050],{"class":119},[44,117295,8782],{"class":115},[44,117297,117298,117300,117302,117304,117306,117308,117310,117312],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,117299,116070],{"class":50},[44,117301,55],{"class":54},[44,117303,116055],{"class":50},[44,117305,116],{"class":115},[44,117307,116079],{"class":119},[44,117309,123],{"class":115},[44,117311,12273],{"class":119},[44,117313,135],{"class":115},[44,117315,117316],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,117317,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117319,117320,117322,117324,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,117321,12273],{"class":50},[44,117323,4027],{"class":115},[44,117325,112],{"class":58},[44,117327,16526],{"class":62},[44,117329,112],{"class":58},[44,117331,13688],{"class":115},[44,117333,13691],{"class":119},[44,117335,123],{"class":115},[44,117337,36979],{"class":77},[44,117339,135],{"class":115},[44,117341,117342],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,117343,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117345,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,117347,142],{"class":141},[44,117349,123],{"class":115},[44,117351,12273],{"class":119},[44,117353,3784],{"class":115},[44,117355,117356],{"class":3787},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117358,117359,117361,117363,117365,117367],{"class":46,"line":6574},[44,117360,142],{"class":141},[44,117362,123],{"class":115},[44,117364,116133],{"class":119},[44,117366,3784],{"class":115},[44,117368,117369],{"class":3787},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,117371,117372,117374,117376,117378,117380],{"class":46,"line":11734},[44,117373,142],{"class":141},[44,117375,123],{"class":115},[44,117377,116147],{"class":119},[44,117379,3784],{"class":115},[44,117381,117382],{"class":3787},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117384,117385],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[30,117387,117389],{"id":117388},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117391,117392],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[218,117394,117395,117398,117401,117404],{},[221,117396,117397],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[221,117399,117400],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[221,117402,117403],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[221,117405,117406],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117408,117409],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,117411,117413],{"className":37,"code":117412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117414,117415,117423,117431,117435,117443,117447,117459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117416,117417,117419,117421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117418,2676],{"class":50},[44,117420,55],{"class":54},[44,117422,2709],{"class":77},[44,117424,117425,117427,117429],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117426,2704],{"class":50},[44,117428,55],{"class":54},[44,117430,36312],{"class":50},[44,117432,117433],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,117434,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117436,117437,117439,117441],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,117438,2704],{"class":50},[44,117440,55],{"class":54},[44,117442,14752],{"class":77},[44,117444,117445],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,117446,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117448,117449,117451,117453,117455,117457],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,117450,142],{"class":141},[44,117452,123],{"class":115},[44,117454,200],{"class":119},[44,117456,3784],{"class":115},[44,117458,26930],{"class":3787},[44,117460,117461,117463,117465,117467,117469],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,117462,142],{"class":141},[44,117464,123],{"class":115},[44,117466,4891],{"class":119},[44,117468,3784],{"class":115},[44,117470,27751],{"class":3787},[20,117472,93629,117473,117476],{},[200,117474,117475],{"href":12205},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[30,117478,1467],{"id":1466},[20,117480,117481],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[218,117483,117484,117488,117493,117498,117501],{},[221,117485,8556,117486,56914],{},[15,117487,55],{},[221,117489,8556,117490,117492],{},[15,117491,55731],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[221,117494,8556,117495,117497],{},[15,117496,12574],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[221,117499,117500],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[221,117502,117503],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117505,117506],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,117508,117510],{"className":37,"code":117509,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117511,117512,117526,117540,117562,117593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117513,117514,117516,117518,117520,117522,117524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117515,142],{"class":141},[44,117517,123],{"class":115},[44,117519,12226],{"class":119},[44,117521,168],{"class":4003},[44,117523,14522],{"class":119},[44,117525,135],{"class":115},[44,117527,117528,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117529,142],{"class":141},[44,117531,123],{"class":115},[44,117533,12226],{"class":119},[44,117535,4819],{"class":54},[44,117537,14522],{"class":119},[44,117539,135],{"class":115},[44,117541,117542,117544,117546,117548,117550,117552,117554,117556,117558,117560],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,117543,142],{"class":141},[44,117545,123],{"class":115},[44,117547,12789],{"class":141},[44,117549,123],{"class":115},[44,117551,12273],{"class":119},[44,117553,9372],{"class":115},[44,117555,14954],{"class":141},[44,117557,123],{"class":115},[44,117559,14468],{"class":119},[44,117561,567],{"class":115},[44,117563,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574,117576,117578,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,117565,142],{"class":141},[44,117567,123],{"class":115},[44,117569,12789],{"class":141},[44,117571,123],{"class":115},[44,117573,12273],{"class":119},[44,117575,4027],{"class":115},[44,117577,2240],{"class":77},[44,117579,117580],{"class":115},"]),",[44,117582,14954],{"class":141},[44,117584,123],{"class":115},[44,117586,14468],{"class":119},[44,117588,4027],{"class":115},[44,117590,2240],{"class":77},[44,117592,3123],{"class":115},[44,117594,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,117596,142],{"class":141},[44,117598,123],{"class":115},[44,117600,1297],{"class":1296},[44,117602,123],{"class":115},[44,117604,12273],{"class":119},[44,117606,567],{"class":115},[20,117608,117609],{},"What they tell you:",[218,117611,117612,117617,117622,117627,117637],{},[221,117613,117614,117616],{},[15,117615,168],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[221,117618,117619,117621],{},[15,117620,4819],{}," checks whether values are equal",[221,117623,117624,117626],{},[15,117625,43622],{}," shows the identity of an object",[221,117628,117629,117630,536,117633,117636],{},"comparing ",[15,117631,117632],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117634,117635],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[221,117638,117639,117641],{},[15,117640,2423],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[30,117643,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,117645,117647],{"id":117646},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117649,117650],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1474,117652,57400],{"id":57315},[20,117654,117655],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1474,117657,117659],{"id":117658},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117661,117662],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1474,117664,117666],{"id":117665},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117668,117669],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1474,117671,117673],{"id":117672},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117675,117676],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[30,117678,2019],{"id":2018},[218,117680,117681,117686,117692,117698,117702],{},[221,117682,117683],{},[200,117684,117685],{"href":12205},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[221,117687,117688],{},[200,117689,1013,117690,10880],{"href":55090},[15,117691,55731],{},[221,117693,117694],{},[200,117695,1013,117696,10880],{"href":12571},[15,117697,12574],{},[221,117699,117700],{},[200,117701,15102],{"href":57350},[221,117703,117704],{},[200,117705,117706],{"href":58625},"What is a list in Python?",[2048,117708,117709],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":117711},[117712,117713,117714,117715,117716,117717,117722,117723,117724,117725,117726,117727,117734],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":116167,"depth":69,"text":116168},{"id":116188,"depth":69,"text":116189},{"id":116431,"depth":69,"text":116432},{"id":116571,"depth":69,"text":116572},{"id":116687,"depth":69,"text":116688,"children":117718},[117719,117720,117721],{"id":116694,"depth":81,"text":116695},{"id":116763,"depth":81,"text":116764},{"id":116862,"depth":81,"text":116863},{"id":116976,"depth":69,"text":116977},{"id":117108,"depth":69,"text":117109},{"id":117222,"depth":69,"text":117223},{"id":117388,"depth":69,"text":117389},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":117728},[117729,117730,117731,117732,117733],{"id":117646,"depth":81,"text":117647},{"id":57315,"depth":81,"text":57400},{"id":117658,"depth":81,"text":117659},{"id":117665,"depth":81,"text":117666},{"id":117672,"depth":81,"text":117673},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115968,"description":117735},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117741,"title":117742,"body":117743,"description":119600,"extension":2084,"meta":119601,"navigation":84,"path":119602,"seo":119603,"stem":119604,"__hash__":119605},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117744,"toc":119558},[117745,117750,117755,117763,117765,117833,117838,117843,117858,117861,117863,117894,117896,117916,117919,117934,117936,117939,118012,118014,118059,118061,118072,118077,118081,118086,118089,118128,118130,118150,118153,118210,118212,118247,118250,118289,118291,118311,118314,118345,118347,118403,118405,118410,118481,118483,118516,118521,118526,118591,118593,118630,118633,118710,118712,118772,118779,118784,118787,118790,118871,118873,118914,118919,118922,119000,119002,119035,119044,119051,119054,119065,119068,119079,119083,119091,119100,119104,119109,119113,119118,119161,119164,119170,119173,119175,119222,119227,119231,119234,119283,119285,119306,119309,119311,119336,119339,119460,119465,119467,119472,119475,119480,119483,119491,119496,119503,119506,119514,119517,119519,119555],[10,117746,1013,117748,3699],{"id":117747},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117749,74555],{},[20,117751,117752,117754],{},[15,117753,74555],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117756,117757,117758,2310,117760,117762],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117759,77998],{},[15,117761,74555],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[30,117764,3729],{"id":3728},[35,117766,117768],{"className":37,"code":117767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117769,117770,117790,117804,117808,117820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117771,117772,117774,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117773,3739],{"class":50},[44,117775,55],{"class":54},[44,117777,3744],{"class":115},[44,117779,2183],{"class":77},[44,117781,129],{"class":115},[44,117783,5632],{"class":77},[44,117785,129],{"class":115},[44,117787,3116],{"class":77},[44,117789,3757],{"class":115},[44,117791,117792,117794,117796,117798,117800,117802],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117793,2351],{"class":50},[44,117795,55],{"class":54},[44,117797,74689],{"class":141},[44,117799,123],{"class":115},[44,117801,3771],{"class":119},[44,117803,135],{"class":115},[44,117805,117806],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,117807,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117809,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,117811,142],{"class":141},[44,117813,123],{"class":115},[44,117815,2386],{"class":119},[44,117817,3784],{"class":115},[44,117819,55818],{"class":3787},[44,117821,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,117823,142],{"class":141},[44,117825,123],{"class":115},[44,117827,3771],{"class":119},[44,117829,3784],{"class":115},[44,117831,117832],{"class":3787},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117834,117835,117837],{},[15,117836,74555],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[30,117839,3802,117841,3805],{"id":117840},"what-sorted-does",[15,117842,74555],{},[218,117844,117845,117849,117852,117855],{},[221,117846,117847,63058],{},[15,117848,74555],{},[221,117850,117851],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[221,117853,117854],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[221,117856,117857],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117859,117860],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[30,117862,351],{"id":350},[35,117864,117866],{"className":37,"code":117865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117867,117868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117869,117870,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117871,74645],{"class":141},[44,117873,123],{"class":115},[44,117875,3846],{"class":119},[44,117877,129],{"class":115},[44,117879,21717],{"class":826},[44,117881,55],{"class":54},[44,117883,3904],{"class":3978},[44,117885,129],{"class":115},[44,117887,78201],{"class":826},[44,117889,55],{"class":54},[44,117891,3798],{"class":3978},[44,117893,135],{"class":115},[1474,117895,17533],{"id":17532},[218,117897,117898,117903,117908],{},[221,117899,117900,117902],{},[15,117901,3846],{},": the values to sort",[221,117904,117905,117907],{},[15,117906,14979],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[221,117909,117910,117912,117913,117915],{},[15,117911,73708],{},": set to ",[15,117914,3724],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117917,117918],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,117920,117922],{"className":37,"code":117921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117923,117924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117925,117926,117928,117930,117932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117927,74645],{"class":141},[44,117929,123],{"class":115},[44,117931,60439],{"class":119},[44,117933,135],{"class":115},[30,117935,11615],{"id":11614},[20,117937,117938],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,117940,117942],{"className":37,"code":117941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117943,117944,117968,117972,117987,117991,118002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117945,117946,117948,117950,117952,117954,117956,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117947,3739],{"class":50},[44,117949,55],{"class":54},[44,117951,3744],{"class":115},[44,117953,2257],{"class":77},[44,117955,129],{"class":115},[44,117957,3116],{"class":77},[44,117959,129],{"class":115},[44,117961,6496],{"class":77},[44,117963,129],{"class":115},[44,117965,5632],{"class":77},[44,117967,3757],{"class":115},[44,117969,117970],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,117971,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117973,117974,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,117975,117976],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,117978,55],{"class":54},[44,117980,74689],{"class":141},[44,117982,123],{"class":115},[44,117984,3771],{"class":119},[44,117986,135],{"class":115},[44,117988,117989],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,117990,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,117992,117993,117995,117997,118000],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,117994,142],{"class":141},[44,117996,123],{"class":115},[44,117998,117999],{"class":119},"sorted_numbers",[44,118001,135],{"class":115},[44,118003,118004,118006,118008,118010],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,118005,142],{"class":141},[44,118007,123],{"class":115},[44,118009,3771],{"class":119},[44,118011,135],{"class":115},[20,118013,155],{},[35,118015,118017],{"className":37,"code":118016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,118018,118019,118039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118020,118021,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118022,4027],{"class":115},[44,118024,3111],{"class":77},[44,118026,129],{"class":115},[44,118028,3116],{"class":77},[44,118030,129],{"class":115},[44,118032,4735],{"class":77},[44,118034,129],{"class":115},[44,118036,6496],{"class":77},[44,118038,3757],{"class":115},[44,118040,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118042,4027],{"class":115},[44,118044,2257],{"class":77},[44,118046,129],{"class":115},[44,118048,3116],{"class":77},[44,118050,129],{"class":115},[44,118052,6496],{"class":77},[44,118054,129],{"class":115},[44,118056,5632],{"class":77},[44,118058,3757],{"class":115},[20,118060,13900],{},[218,118062,118063,118068],{},[221,118064,118065,118067],{},[15,118066,117999],{}," is a new sorted list",[221,118069,118070,112604],{},[15,118071,3771],{},[20,118073,118074,118075,116],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[200,118076,78508],{"href":78507},[30,118078,118080],{"id":118079},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118082,118083,118085],{},[15,118084,74555],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1474,118087,118088],{"id":8231},"List",[35,118090,118092],{"className":37,"code":118091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118093,118094,118114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118095,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108,118110,118112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118097,3739],{"class":50},[44,118099,55],{"class":54},[44,118101,3744],{"class":115},[44,118103,2183],{"class":77},[44,118105,129],{"class":115},[44,118107,5632],{"class":77},[44,118109,129],{"class":115},[44,118111,3116],{"class":77},[44,118113,3757],{"class":115},[44,118115,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118117,142],{"class":141},[44,118119,123],{"class":115},[44,118121,74645],{"class":141},[44,118123,123],{"class":115},[44,118125,3771],{"class":119},[44,118127,567],{"class":115},[20,118129,155],{},[35,118131,118132],{"className":37,"code":55280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118133,118134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118135,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118137,4027],{"class":115},[44,118139,3111],{"class":77},[44,118141,129],{"class":115},[44,118143,3116],{"class":77},[44,118145,129],{"class":115},[44,118147,2573],{"class":77},[44,118149,3757],{"class":115},[1474,118151,118152],{"id":49084},"Tuple",[35,118154,118156],{"className":37,"code":118155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118157,118158,118178,118192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118159,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118161,3948],{"class":50},[44,118163,55],{"class":54},[44,118165,9375],{"class":115},[44,118167,2183],{"class":77},[44,118169,129],{"class":115},[44,118171,5632],{"class":77},[44,118173,129],{"class":115},[44,118175,3116],{"class":77},[44,118177,135],{"class":115},[44,118179,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118181,142],{"class":141},[44,118183,123],{"class":115},[44,118185,74645],{"class":141},[44,118187,123],{"class":115},[44,118189,5492],{"class":119},[44,118191,567],{"class":115},[44,118193,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,118195,142],{"class":141},[44,118197,123],{"class":115},[44,118199,1297],{"class":1296},[44,118201,123],{"class":115},[44,118203,74645],{"class":141},[44,118205,123],{"class":115},[44,118207,5492],{"class":119},[44,118209,3034],{"class":115},[20,118211,155],{},[35,118213,118215],{"className":37,"code":118214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118216,118217,118233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118218,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118220,4027],{"class":115},[44,118222,3111],{"class":77},[44,118224,129],{"class":115},[44,118226,3116],{"class":77},[44,118228,129],{"class":115},[44,118230,2573],{"class":77},[44,118232,3757],{"class":115},[44,118234,118235,118237,118239,118241,118243,118245],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118236,1326],{"class":54},[44,118238,1329],{"class":1075},[44,118240,1332],{"class":58},[44,118242,8231],{"class":62},[44,118244,1338],{"class":58},[44,118246,1341],{"class":54},[1474,118248,118249],{"id":6423},"Set",[35,118251,118253],{"className":37,"code":118252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118254,118255,118275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118256,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118258,3948],{"class":50},[44,118260,55],{"class":54},[44,118262,10629],{"class":115},[44,118264,2183],{"class":77},[44,118266,129],{"class":115},[44,118268,5632],{"class":77},[44,118270,129],{"class":115},[44,118272,3116],{"class":77},[44,118274,9447],{"class":115},[44,118276,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118278,142],{"class":141},[44,118280,123],{"class":115},[44,118282,74645],{"class":141},[44,118284,123],{"class":115},[44,118286,5492],{"class":119},[44,118288,567],{"class":115},[20,118290,155],{},[35,118292,118293],{"className":37,"code":55280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118294,118295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118296,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118298,4027],{"class":115},[44,118300,3111],{"class":77},[44,118302,129],{"class":115},[44,118304,3116],{"class":77},[44,118306,129],{"class":115},[44,118308,2573],{"class":77},[44,118310,3757],{"class":115},[1474,118312,118313],{"id":61306},"String",[35,118315,118317],{"className":37,"code":118316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118318,118319,118331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118320,118321,118323,118325,118327,118329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118322,248],{"class":50},[44,118324,55],{"class":54},[44,118326,59],{"class":58},[44,118328,39],{"class":62},[44,118330,66],{"class":58},[44,118332,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118334,142],{"class":141},[44,118336,123],{"class":115},[44,118338,74645],{"class":141},[44,118340,123],{"class":115},[44,118342,308],{"class":119},[44,118344,567],{"class":115},[20,118346,155],{},[35,118348,118349],{"className":37,"code":79524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118350,118351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118352,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383,118385,118387,118389,118391,118393,118395,118397,118399,118401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118354,4027],{"class":115},[44,118356,1338],{"class":58},[44,118358,60570],{"class":62},[44,118360,1338],{"class":58},[44,118362,129],{"class":115},[44,118364,1332],{"class":58},[44,118366,76161],{"class":62},[44,118368,1338],{"class":58},[44,118370,129],{"class":115},[44,118372,1332],{"class":58},[44,118374,60605],{"class":62},[44,118376,1338],{"class":58},[44,118378,129],{"class":115},[44,118380,1332],{"class":58},[44,118382,20],{"class":62},[44,118384,1338],{"class":58},[44,118386,129],{"class":115},[44,118388,1332],{"class":58},[44,118390,63419],{"class":62},[44,118392,1338],{"class":58},[44,118394,129],{"class":115},[44,118396,1332],{"class":58},[44,118398,11885],{"class":62},[44,118400,1338],{"class":58},[44,118402,3757],{"class":115},[1474,118404,29359],{"id":15742},[20,118406,63672,118407,118409],{},[15,118408,74555],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,118411,118413],{"className":37,"code":118412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118414,118415,118467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118416,118417,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463,118465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118418,13342],{"class":50},[44,118420,55],{"class":54},[44,118422,10629],{"class":115},[44,118424,112],{"class":58},[44,118426,126],{"class":62},[44,118428,112],{"class":58},[44,118430,790],{"class":115},[44,118432,59],{"class":58},[44,118434,833],{"class":62},[44,118436,112],{"class":58},[44,118438,129],{"class":115},[44,118440,59],{"class":58},[44,118442,9437],{"class":62},[44,118444,112],{"class":58},[44,118446,790],{"class":115},[44,118448,7928],{"class":77},[44,118450,129],{"class":115},[44,118452,59],{"class":58},[44,118454,10547],{"class":62},[44,118456,112],{"class":58},[44,118458,790],{"class":115},[44,118460,59],{"class":58},[44,118462,847],{"class":62},[44,118464,112],{"class":58},[44,118466,9447],{"class":115},[44,118468,118469,118471,118473,118475,118477,118479],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118470,142],{"class":141},[44,118472,123],{"class":115},[44,118474,74645],{"class":141},[44,118476,123],{"class":115},[44,118478,17445],{"class":119},[44,118480,567],{"class":115},[20,118482,155],{},[35,118484,118486],{"className":37,"code":118485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118487,118488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118489,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118491,4027],{"class":115},[44,118493,1338],{"class":58},[44,118495,9437],{"class":62},[44,118497,1338],{"class":58},[44,118499,129],{"class":115},[44,118501,1332],{"class":58},[44,118503,10547],{"class":62},[44,118505,1338],{"class":58},[44,118507,129],{"class":115},[44,118509,1332],{"class":58},[44,118511,126],{"class":62},[44,118513,1338],{"class":58},[44,118515,3757],{"class":115},[30,118517,8556,118519],{"id":118518},"using-reversetrue",[15,118520,78222],{},[20,118522,189,118523,118525],{},[15,118524,78222],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,118527,118529],{"className":37,"code":118528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118530,118531,118551,118555,118569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118532,118533,118535,118537,118539,118541,118543,118545,118547,118549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118534,3739],{"class":50},[44,118536,55],{"class":54},[44,118538,3744],{"class":115},[44,118540,2183],{"class":77},[44,118542,129],{"class":115},[44,118544,5632],{"class":77},[44,118546,129],{"class":115},[44,118548,3116],{"class":77},[44,118550,3757],{"class":115},[44,118552,118553],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118554,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,118556,118557,118559,118561,118563,118565,118567],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,118558,142],{"class":141},[44,118560,123],{"class":115},[44,118562,74645],{"class":141},[44,118564,123],{"class":115},[44,118566,3771],{"class":119},[44,118568,567],{"class":115},[44,118570,118571,118573,118575,118577,118579,118581,118583,118585,118587,118589],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,118572,142],{"class":141},[44,118574,123],{"class":115},[44,118576,74645],{"class":141},[44,118578,123],{"class":115},[44,118580,3771],{"class":119},[44,118582,129],{"class":115},[44,118584,78201],{"class":826},[44,118586,55],{"class":54},[44,118588,3724],{"class":3978},[44,118590,567],{"class":115},[20,118592,155],{},[35,118594,118596],{"className":37,"code":118595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118597,118598,118614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118599,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118601,4027],{"class":115},[44,118603,3111],{"class":77},[44,118605,129],{"class":115},[44,118607,3116],{"class":77},[44,118609,129],{"class":115},[44,118611,2573],{"class":77},[44,118613,3757],{"class":115},[44,118615,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118617,4027],{"class":115},[44,118619,2183],{"class":77},[44,118621,129],{"class":115},[44,118623,3116],{"class":77},[44,118625,129],{"class":115},[44,118627,5632],{"class":77},[44,118629,3757],{"class":115},[20,118631,118632],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,118634,118636],{"className":37,"code":118635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118637,118638,118670,118674,118688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118639,118640,118642,118644,118646,118648,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666,118668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118641,4198],{"class":50},[44,118643,55],{"class":54},[44,118645,3744],{"class":115},[44,118647,112],{"class":58},[44,118649,4207],{"class":62},[44,118651,112],{"class":58},[44,118653,129],{"class":115},[44,118655,59],{"class":58},[44,118657,4216],{"class":62},[44,118659,112],{"class":58},[44,118661,129],{"class":115},[44,118663,59],{"class":58},[44,118665,4225],{"class":62},[44,118667,112],{"class":58},[44,118669,3757],{"class":115},[44,118671,118672],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118673,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,118675,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,118677,142],{"class":141},[44,118679,123],{"class":115},[44,118681,74645],{"class":141},[44,118683,123],{"class":115},[44,118685,4242],{"class":119},[44,118687,567],{"class":115},[44,118689,118690,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,118691,142],{"class":141},[44,118693,123],{"class":115},[44,118695,74645],{"class":141},[44,118697,123],{"class":115},[44,118699,4242],{"class":119},[44,118701,129],{"class":115},[44,118703,78201],{"class":826},[44,118705,55],{"class":54},[44,118707,3724],{"class":3978},[44,118709,567],{"class":115},[20,118711,155],{},[35,118713,118714],{"className":37,"code":74289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118715,118716,118744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118717,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728,118730,118732,118734,118736,118738,118740,118742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118719,4027],{"class":115},[44,118721,1338],{"class":58},[44,118723,4207],{"class":62},[44,118725,1338],{"class":58},[44,118727,129],{"class":115},[44,118729,1332],{"class":58},[44,118731,4216],{"class":62},[44,118733,1338],{"class":58},[44,118735,129],{"class":115},[44,118737,1332],{"class":58},[44,118739,4225],{"class":62},[44,118741,1338],{"class":58},[44,118743,3757],{"class":115},[44,118745,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118747,4027],{"class":115},[44,118749,1338],{"class":58},[44,118751,4225],{"class":62},[44,118753,1338],{"class":58},[44,118755,129],{"class":115},[44,118757,1332],{"class":58},[44,118759,4216],{"class":62},[44,118761,1338],{"class":58},[44,118763,129],{"class":115},[44,118765,1332],{"class":58},[44,118767,4207],{"class":62},[44,118769,1338],{"class":58},[44,118771,3757],{"class":115},[30,118773,8556,118775,118778],{"id":118774},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118776,118777],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118780,213,118781,118783],{},[15,118782,118777],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118785,118786],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118788,118789],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,118791,118793],{"className":37,"code":118792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118794,118795,118835,118839,118861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118796,118797,118799,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118798,4198],{"class":50},[44,118800,55],{"class":54},[44,118802,3744],{"class":115},[44,118804,112],{"class":58},[44,118806,78875],{"class":62},[44,118808,112],{"class":58},[44,118810,129],{"class":115},[44,118812,59],{"class":58},[44,118814,38495],{"class":62},[44,118816,112],{"class":58},[44,118818,129],{"class":115},[44,118820,59],{"class":58},[44,118822,4216],{"class":62},[44,118824,112],{"class":58},[44,118826,129],{"class":115},[44,118828,59],{"class":58},[44,118830,38478],{"class":62},[44,118832,112],{"class":58},[44,118834,3757],{"class":115},[44,118836,118837],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118838,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,118840,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,118842,2351],{"class":50},[44,118844,55],{"class":54},[44,118846,74689],{"class":141},[44,118848,123],{"class":115},[44,118850,4242],{"class":119},[44,118852,129],{"class":115},[44,118854,21717],{"class":826},[44,118856,55],{"class":54},[44,118858,11302],{"class":141},[44,118860,135],{"class":115},[44,118862,118863,118865,118867,118869],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,118864,142],{"class":141},[44,118866,123],{"class":115},[44,118868,2386],{"class":119},[44,118870,135],{"class":115},[20,118872,155],{},[35,118874,118876],{"className":37,"code":118875,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118877,118878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118879,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118881,4027],{"class":115},[44,118883,1338],{"class":58},[44,118885,38495],{"class":62},[44,118887,1338],{"class":58},[44,118889,129],{"class":115},[44,118891,1332],{"class":58},[44,118893,78875],{"class":62},[44,118895,1338],{"class":58},[44,118897,129],{"class":115},[44,118899,1332],{"class":58},[44,118901,38478],{"class":62},[44,118903,1338],{"class":58},[44,118905,129],{"class":115},[44,118907,1332],{"class":58},[44,118909,4216],{"class":62},[44,118911,1338],{"class":58},[44,118913,3757],{"class":115},[20,118915,20908,118916,118918],{},[15,118917,11302],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118920,118921],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,118923,118925],{"className":37,"code":118924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118926,118927,118960,118964,118990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118928,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937,118939,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118956,118958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118930,4198],{"class":50},[44,118932,55],{"class":54},[44,118934,3744],{"class":115},[44,118936,112],{"class":58},[44,118938,83491],{"class":62},[44,118940,112],{"class":58},[44,118942,129],{"class":115},[44,118944,59],{"class":58},[44,118946,4207],{"class":62},[44,118948,112],{"class":58},[44,118950,129],{"class":115},[44,118952,59],{"class":58},[44,118954,118955],{"class":62},"Cherry",[44,118957,112],{"class":58},[44,118959,3757],{"class":115},[44,118961,118962],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,118963,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,118965,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982,118984,118986,118988],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,118967,2351],{"class":50},[44,118969,55],{"class":54},[44,118971,74689],{"class":141},[44,118973,123],{"class":115},[44,118975,4242],{"class":119},[44,118977,129],{"class":115},[44,118979,21717],{"class":826},[44,118981,55],{"class":54},[44,118983,1335],{"class":1296},[44,118985,116],{"class":115},[44,118987,8779],{"class":685},[44,118989,135],{"class":115},[44,118991,118992,118994,118996,118998],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,118993,142],{"class":141},[44,118995,123],{"class":115},[44,118997,2386],{"class":119},[44,118999,135],{"class":115},[20,119001,155],{},[35,119003,119005],{"className":37,"code":119004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,119006,119007],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119008,119009,119011,119013,119015,119017,119019,119021,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119010,4027],{"class":115},[44,119012,1338],{"class":58},[44,119014,4207],{"class":62},[44,119016,1338],{"class":58},[44,119018,129],{"class":115},[44,119020,1332],{"class":58},[44,119022,83491],{"class":62},[44,119024,1338],{"class":58},[44,119026,129],{"class":115},[44,119028,1332],{"class":58},[44,119030,118955],{"class":62},[44,119032,1338],{"class":58},[44,119034,3757],{"class":115},[20,119036,119037,119038,35465,119040,116],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,119039,42498],{},[200,119041,1013,119042,1017],{"href":42495},[15,119043,42498],{},[30,119045,119047,10724,119049],{"id":119046},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,119048,74555],{},[15,119050,77998],{},[20,119052,119053],{},"The main difference is this:",[218,119055,119056,119061],{},[221,119057,119058,119060],{},[15,119059,74555],{}," returns a new list",[221,119062,119063,74093],{},[15,119064,77998],{},[20,119066,119067],{},"Also:",[218,119069,119070,119075],{},[221,119071,119072,119074],{},[15,119073,74555],{}," works with many iterables",[221,119076,119077,79430],{},[15,119078,77998],{},[20,119080,189,119081,10740],{},[15,119082,74555],{},[218,119084,119085,119088],{},[221,119086,119087],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[221,119089,119090],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119092,119093,119094,116],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[200,119095,1013,119096,10724,119098,5918],{"href":79256},[15,119097,74555],{},[15,119099,77998],{},[30,119101,119103],{"id":119102},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119105,119106,119107,116],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119108,74555],{},[1474,119110,119112],{"id":119111},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119114,119115,119116,790],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119117,3129],{},[35,119119,119121],{"className":37,"code":119120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119122,119123,119147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119124,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119126,3948],{"class":50},[44,119128,55],{"class":54},[44,119130,3744],{"class":115},[44,119132,3111],{"class":77},[44,119134,129],{"class":115},[44,119136,59],{"class":58},[44,119138,2177],{"class":62},[44,119140,112],{"class":58},[44,119142,129],{"class":115},[44,119144,2573],{"class":77},[44,119146,3757],{"class":115},[44,119148,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119150,142],{"class":141},[44,119152,123],{"class":115},[44,119154,74645],{"class":141},[44,119156,123],{"class":115},[44,119158,5492],{"class":119},[44,119160,567],{"class":115},[20,119162,119163],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1474,119165,119167,119168,1215],{"id":119166},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119169,14979],{},[20,119171,119172],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119174,238],{},[35,119176,119178],{"className":37,"code":119177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119179,119180,119200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119181,119182,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119183,3739],{"class":50},[44,119185,55],{"class":54},[44,119187,3744],{"class":115},[44,119189,2451],{"class":77},[44,119191,129],{"class":115},[44,119193,3116],{"class":77},[44,119195,129],{"class":115},[44,119197,7933],{"class":77},[44,119199,3757],{"class":115},[44,119201,119202,119204,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214,119216,119218,119220],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119203,142],{"class":141},[44,119205,123],{"class":115},[44,119207,74645],{"class":141},[44,119209,123],{"class":115},[44,119211,3771],{"class":119},[44,119213,129],{"class":115},[44,119215,21717],{"class":826},[44,119217,55],{"class":54},[44,119219,11302],{"class":141},[44,119221,567],{"class":115},[20,119223,48641,119224,119226],{},[15,119225,42498],{}," does not work on integers.",[1474,119228,119230],{"id":119229},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119232,119233],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,119235,119237],{"className":37,"code":119236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119238,119239,119259,119269,119273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119240,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253,119255,119257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119242,3739],{"class":50},[44,119244,55],{"class":54},[44,119246,3744],{"class":115},[44,119248,2183],{"class":77},[44,119250,129],{"class":115},[44,119252,5632],{"class":77},[44,119254,129],{"class":115},[44,119256,3116],{"class":77},[44,119258,3757],{"class":115},[44,119260,119261,119263,119265,119267],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119262,74645],{"class":141},[44,119264,123],{"class":115},[44,119266,3771],{"class":119},[44,119268,135],{"class":115},[44,119270,119271],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,119272,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,119274,119275,119277,119279,119281],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,119276,142],{"class":141},[44,119278,123],{"class":115},[44,119280,3771],{"class":119},[44,119282,135],{"class":115},[20,119284,155],{},[35,119286,119288],{"className":37,"code":119287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119289,119290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119291,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302,119304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119293,4027],{"class":115},[44,119295,2183],{"class":77},[44,119297,129],{"class":115},[44,119299,5632],{"class":77},[44,119301,129],{"class":115},[44,119303,3116],{"class":77},[44,119305,3757],{"class":115},[20,119307,119308],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[30,119310,1467],{"id":1466},[218,119312,119313,119317,119320,119325,119329],{},[221,119314,4709,119315,74093],{},[15,119316,74555],{},[221,119318,119319],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[221,119321,1838,119322,119324],{},[15,119323,74555],{}," always returns a list",[221,119326,8556,119327,23239],{},[15,119328,118777],{},[221,119330,29786,119331,119333,119334],{},[15,119332,64444],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119335,74555],{},[20,119337,119338],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,119340,119342],{"className":37,"code":119341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119343,119344,119366,119392,119430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119345,119346,119348,119350,119352,119354,119356,119358,119360,119362,119364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119347,142],{"class":141},[44,119349,123],{"class":115},[44,119351,74645],{"class":141},[44,119353,3108],{"class":115},[44,119355,2183],{"class":77},[44,119357,129],{"class":115},[44,119359,5632],{"class":77},[44,119361,129],{"class":115},[44,119363,3116],{"class":77},[44,119365,3123],{"class":115},[44,119367,119368,119370,119372,119374,119376,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119369,142],{"class":141},[44,119371,123],{"class":115},[44,119373,1297],{"class":1296},[44,119375,123],{"class":115},[44,119377,74645],{"class":141},[44,119379,5645],{"class":115},[44,119381,2183],{"class":77},[44,119383,129],{"class":115},[44,119385,5632],{"class":77},[44,119387,129],{"class":115},[44,119389,3116],{"class":77},[44,119391,93485],{"class":115},[44,119393,119394,119396,119398,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410,119412,119414,119416,119418,119420,119422,119424,119426,119428],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,119395,142],{"class":141},[44,119397,123],{"class":115},[44,119399,74645],{"class":141},[44,119401,3108],{"class":115},[44,119403,1338],{"class":58},[44,119405,83491],{"class":62},[44,119407,1338],{"class":58},[44,119409,129],{"class":115},[44,119411,1332],{"class":58},[44,119413,4207],{"class":62},[44,119415,1338],{"class":58},[44,119417,18199],{"class":115},[44,119419,21717],{"class":826},[44,119421,55],{"class":54},[44,119423,1335],{"class":1296},[44,119425,116],{"class":115},[44,119427,8779],{"class":685},[44,119429,567],{"class":115},[44,119431,119432,119434,119436,119438,119440,119442,119444,119446,119448,119450,119452,119454,119456,119458],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,119433,142],{"class":141},[44,119435,123],{"class":115},[44,119437,74645],{"class":141},[44,119439,3108],{"class":115},[44,119441,2183],{"class":77},[44,119443,129],{"class":115},[44,119445,5632],{"class":77},[44,119447,129],{"class":115},[44,119449,3116],{"class":77},[44,119451,18199],{"class":115},[44,119453,78201],{"class":826},[44,119455,55],{"class":54},[44,119457,3724],{"class":3978},[44,119459,567],{"class":115},[20,119461,119462,119463,116],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[200,119464,52901],{"href":51109},[30,119466,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,119468,12844,119470,57294],{"id":119469},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119471,74555],{},[20,119473,119474],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1474,119476,5274,119478,1975],{"id":119477},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119479,74555],{},[20,119481,119482],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1474,119484,119486,119487,11232,119489,1995],{"id":119485},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119488,74555],{},[15,119490,77998],{},[20,119492,189,119493,119495],{},[15,119494,74555],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1474,119497,5274,119499,86579,119501,1995],{"id":119498},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119500,118777],{},[15,119502,74555],{},[20,119504,119505],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1474,119507,5290,119509,119511,119512,1995],{"id":119508},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119510,74555],{}," give a ",[15,119513,3129],{},[20,119515,119516],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[30,119518,2019],{"id":2018},[218,119520,119521,119525,119533,119537,119543,119549],{},[221,119522,119523],{},[200,119524,80003],{"href":78507},[221,119526,119527],{},[200,119528,1013,119529,10724,119531,5918],{"href":79256},[15,119530,74555],{},[15,119532,77998],{},[221,119534,119535],{},[200,119536,52901],{"href":51109},[221,119538,119539],{},[200,119540,1013,119541,1017],{"href":42495},[15,119542,42498],{},[221,119544,119545],{},[200,119546,1013,119547,1017],{"href":92142},[15,119548,35885],{},[221,119550,119551],{},[200,119552,1013,119553,1017],{"href":36332},[15,119554,36335],{},[2048,119556,119557],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":119559},[119560,119561,119563,119566,119567,119574,119576,119578,119580,119586,119587,119599],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":117840,"depth":69,"text":119562},"What sorted() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":119564},[119565],{"id":17532,"depth":81,"text":17533},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":118079,"depth":69,"text":118080,"children":119568},[119569,119570,119571,119572,119573],{"id":8231,"depth":81,"text":118088},{"id":49084,"depth":81,"text":118152},{"id":6423,"depth":81,"text":118249},{"id":61306,"depth":81,"text":118313},{"id":15742,"depth":81,"text":29359},{"id":118518,"depth":69,"text":119575},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118774,"depth":69,"text":119577},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":119046,"depth":69,"text":119579},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119102,"depth":69,"text":119103,"children":119581},[119582,119583,119585],{"id":119111,"depth":81,"text":119112},{"id":119166,"depth":81,"text":119584},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119229,"depth":81,"text":119230},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":119588},[119589,119591,119593,119595,119597],{"id":119469,"depth":81,"text":119590},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119477,"depth":81,"text":119592},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119485,"depth":81,"text":119594},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119498,"depth":81,"text":119596},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119508,"depth":81,"text":119598},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117742,"description":119600},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119607,"title":119608,"body":119609,"description":121720,"extension":2084,"meta":121721,"navigation":84,"path":79256,"seo":121722,"stem":121723,"__hash__":121724},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119610,"toc":121667},[119611,119618,119621,119631,119637,119640,119658,119666,119668,119727,119735,119739,119761,119765,119769,119771,119788,119790,119802,119808,119892,119896,119943,119949,119956,119960,119965,119967,119979,119984,120037,120041,120061,120068,120075,120079,120082,120101,120105,120219,120223,120293,120295,120307,120312,120316,120329,120333,120408,120412,120451,120458,120464,120469,120473,120487,120491,120556,120560,120593,120596,120601,120609,120616,120629,120632,120636,120719,120723,120760,120764,120867,120871,120932,120937,120944,120948,120951,120957,120960,121027,121031,121055,121057,121075,121082,121135,121139,121159,121165,121167,121224,121231,121257,121262,121267,121275,121281,121341,121345,121392,121395,121397,121400,121426,121429,121522,121524,121544,121548,121551,121569,121575,121577,121585,121590,121597,121600,121606,121609,121615,121623,121631,121636,121638,121664],[10,119612,1013,119614,10724,119616,93199],{"id":119613},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119615,74555],{},[15,119617,77998],{},[20,119619,119620],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[218,119622,119623,119627],{},[221,119624,119625],{},[15,119626,74555],{},[221,119628,119629],{},[15,119630,77998],{},[20,119632,119633,119634,119636],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[153,119635,4761],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119638,119639],{},"The main difference is simple:",[218,119641,119642,119650],{},[221,119643,189,119644,119646,119647],{},[15,119645,74555],{}," when you want a ",[153,119648,119649],{},"new sorted result",[221,119651,189,119652,119654,119655],{},[15,119653,77998],{}," when you want to ",[153,119656,119657],{},"change the original list",[20,119659,119660,119661,2518,119663,119665],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119662,77998],{},[15,119664,3904],{}," and causes confusion.",[30,119667,3729],{"id":3728},[35,119669,119671],{"className":37,"code":119670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119672,119673,119693,119697,119714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119674,119675,119677,119679,119681,119683,119685,119687,119689,119691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119676,3739],{"class":50},[44,119678,55],{"class":54},[44,119680,3744],{"class":115},[44,119682,2183],{"class":77},[44,119684,129],{"class":115},[44,119686,5632],{"class":77},[44,119688,129],{"class":115},[44,119690,3116],{"class":77},[44,119692,3757],{"class":115},[44,119694,119695],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119696,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,119698,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,119700,56020],{"class":50},[44,119702,55],{"class":54},[44,119704,74689],{"class":141},[44,119706,123],{"class":115},[44,119708,3771],{"class":119},[44,119710,3784],{"class":115},[44,119712,119713],{"class":3787},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,119715,119716,119718,119720,119722,119724],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,119717,3771],{"class":50},[44,119719,116],{"class":115},[44,119721,34935],{"class":119},[44,119723,7504],{"class":115},[44,119725,119726],{"class":3787},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119728,189,119729,119731,119732,119734],{},[15,119730,74555],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119733,77998],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[30,119736,119738],{"id":119737},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[218,119740,119741,119746,119751,119758],{},[221,119742,189,119743,119745],{},[15,119744,74555],{}," to get a new sorted list",[221,119747,189,119748,119750],{},[15,119749,77998],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[221,119752,119753,119754,2518,119756],{},"Understand why ",[15,119755,77998],{},[15,119757,3904],{},[221,119759,119760],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[30,119762,3802,119763,3805],{"id":117840},[15,119764,74555],{},[20,119766,119767,63058],{},[15,119768,74555],{},[20,119770,49058],{},[218,119772,119773,119779,119785],{},[221,119774,119775,119776],{},"returns a ",[153,119777,119778],{},"new list",[221,119780,119781,119782,119784],{},"does ",[153,119783,4761],{}," change the original data",[221,119786,119787],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119789,51263],{},[218,119791,119792,119794,119796,119798,119800],{},[221,119793,5433],{},[221,119795,5436],{},[221,119797,5442],{},[221,119799,5439],{},[221,119801,36046],{},[1474,119803,35213,119805,119807],{"id":119804},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119806,74555],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,119809,119811],{"className":37,"code":119810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119812,119813,119833,119837,119851,119855,119873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119814,119815,119817,119819,119821,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119816,3739],{"class":50},[44,119818,55],{"class":54},[44,119820,3744],{"class":115},[44,119822,2183],{"class":77},[44,119824,129],{"class":115},[44,119826,5632],{"class":77},[44,119828,129],{"class":115},[44,119830,3116],{"class":77},[44,119832,3757],{"class":115},[44,119834,119835],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119836,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,119838,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847,119849],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,119840,2351],{"class":50},[44,119842,55],{"class":54},[44,119844,74689],{"class":141},[44,119846,123],{"class":115},[44,119848,3771],{"class":119},[44,119850,135],{"class":115},[44,119852,119853],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,119854,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,119856,119857,119859,119861,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,119858,142],{"class":141},[44,119860,123],{"class":115},[44,119862,112],{"class":58},[44,119864,12294],{"class":62},[44,119866,112],{"class":58},[44,119868,129],{"class":115},[44,119870,4392],{"class":119},[44,119872,135],{"class":115},[44,119874,119875,119877,119879,119881,119884,119886,119888,119890],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,119876,142],{"class":141},[44,119878,123],{"class":115},[44,119880,112],{"class":58},[44,119882,119883],{"class":62},"sorted result:",[44,119885,112],{"class":58},[44,119887,129],{"class":115},[44,119889,81347],{"class":119},[44,119891,135],{"class":115},[20,119893,119894],{},[153,119895,155],{},[35,119897,119899],{"className":37,"code":119898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119900,119901,119921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119902,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119904,12273],{"class":50},[44,119906,790],{"class":115},[44,119908,3744],{"class":115},[44,119910,2183],{"class":77},[44,119912,129],{"class":115},[44,119914,5632],{"class":77},[44,119916,129],{"class":115},[44,119918,3116],{"class":77},[44,119920,3757],{"class":115},[44,119922,119923,119925,119927,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939,119941],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,119924,74645],{"class":141},[44,119926,81347],{"class":50},[44,119928,790],{"class":115},[44,119930,3744],{"class":115},[44,119932,3111],{"class":77},[44,119934,129],{"class":115},[44,119936,3116],{"class":77},[44,119938,129],{"class":115},[44,119940,2573],{"class":77},[44,119942,3757],{"class":115},[20,119944,119945,119946,119948],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119947,3771],{}," stays the same.",[20,119950,119951,119952,116],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[200,119953,1013,119954,1017],{"href":74652},[15,119955,74555],{},[30,119957,3802,119958,3805],{"id":78064},[15,119959,77998],{},[20,119961,119962,119964],{},[15,119963,64444],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119966,49058],{},[218,119968,119969,119972,119975],{},[221,119970,119971],{},"changes the original list directly",[221,119973,119974],{},"only works on lists",[221,119976,3817,119977],{},[15,119978,3904],{},[1474,119980,35213,119982,74093],{"id":119981},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119983,77998],{},[35,119985,119987],{"className":37,"code":119986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119988,119989,120009,120013,120023,120027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119990,119991,119993,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003,120005,120007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119992,3739],{"class":50},[44,119994,55],{"class":54},[44,119996,3744],{"class":115},[44,119998,2183],{"class":77},[44,120000,129],{"class":115},[44,120002,5632],{"class":77},[44,120004,129],{"class":115},[44,120006,3116],{"class":77},[44,120008,3757],{"class":115},[44,120010,120011],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120012,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120014,120015,120017,120019,120021],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,120016,3771],{"class":50},[44,120018,116],{"class":115},[44,120020,34935],{"class":119},[44,120022,8782],{"class":115},[44,120024,120025],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,120026,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120028,120029,120031,120033,120035],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,120030,142],{"class":141},[44,120032,123],{"class":115},[44,120034,3771],{"class":119},[44,120036,135],{"class":115},[20,120038,120039],{},[153,120040,155],{},[35,120042,120043],{"className":37,"code":55280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120044,120045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120046,120047,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120048,4027],{"class":115},[44,120050,3111],{"class":77},[44,120052,129],{"class":115},[44,120054,3116],{"class":77},[44,120056,129],{"class":115},[44,120058,2573],{"class":77},[44,120060,3757],{"class":115},[20,120062,120063,120064,120067],{},"After calling ",[15,120065,120066],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120069,120070,120071,116],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[200,120072,1013,120073,10880],{"href":74906},[15,120074,77998],{},[30,120076,120078],{"id":120077},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120080,120081],{},"Here is the core difference:",[218,120083,120084,120093],{},[221,120085,120086,120089,120090],{},[15,120087,120088],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[153,120091,120092],{},"new sorted list",[221,120094,120095,120098,120099,74463],{},[15,120096,120097],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120100,8477],{},[1474,120102,120104],{"id":120103},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,120106,120108],{"className":37,"code":120107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120109,120110,120130,120134,120148,120167,120186,120190,120200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120111,120112,120114,120116,120118,120120,120122,120124,120126,120128],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120113,3739],{"class":50},[44,120115,55],{"class":54},[44,120117,3744],{"class":115},[44,120119,2257],{"class":77},[44,120121,129],{"class":115},[44,120123,3116],{"class":77},[44,120125,129],{"class":115},[44,120127,2579],{"class":77},[44,120129,3757],{"class":115},[44,120131,120132],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120133,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120135,120136,120138,120140,120142,120144,120146],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,120137,2676],{"class":50},[44,120139,55],{"class":54},[44,120141,74689],{"class":141},[44,120143,123],{"class":115},[44,120145,3771],{"class":119},[44,120147,135],{"class":115},[44,120149,120150,120152,120154,120156,120159,120161,120163,120165],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,120151,142],{"class":141},[44,120153,123],{"class":115},[44,120155,112],{"class":58},[44,120157,120158],{"class":62},"numbers after sorted():",[44,120160,112],{"class":58},[44,120162,129],{"class":115},[44,120164,4392],{"class":119},[44,120166,135],{"class":115},[44,120168,120169,120171,120173,120175,120178,120180,120182,120184],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,120170,142],{"class":141},[44,120172,123],{"class":115},[44,120174,112],{"class":58},[44,120176,120177],{"class":62},"a:",[44,120179,112],{"class":58},[44,120181,129],{"class":115},[44,120183,57018],{"class":119},[44,120185,135],{"class":115},[44,120187,120188],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,120189,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120191,120192,120194,120196,120198],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,120193,3771],{"class":50},[44,120195,116],{"class":115},[44,120197,34935],{"class":119},[44,120199,8782],{"class":115},[44,120201,120202,120204,120206,120208,120211,120213,120215,120217],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,120203,142],{"class":141},[44,120205,123],{"class":115},[44,120207,112],{"class":58},[44,120209,120210],{"class":62},"numbers after sort():",[44,120212,112],{"class":58},[44,120214,129],{"class":115},[44,120216,4392],{"class":119},[44,120218,135],{"class":115},[20,120220,120221],{},[153,120222,155],{},[35,120224,120226],{"className":37,"code":120225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120227,120228,120251,120271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120229,120230,120233,120235,120237,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247,120249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120231,120232],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,120234,74645],{"class":141},[44,120236,29720],{"class":115},[44,120238,3744],{"class":115},[44,120240,2257],{"class":77},[44,120242,129],{"class":115},[44,120244,3116],{"class":77},[44,120246,129],{"class":115},[44,120248,2579],{"class":77},[44,120250,3757],{"class":115},[44,120252,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120254,200],{"class":50},[44,120256,790],{"class":115},[44,120258,3744],{"class":115},[44,120260,2177],{"class":77},[44,120262,129],{"class":115},[44,120264,2579],{"class":77},[44,120266,129],{"class":115},[44,120268,4735],{"class":77},[44,120270,3757],{"class":115},[44,120272,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,120274,120232],{"class":50},[44,120276,34935],{"class":119},[44,120278,29720],{"class":115},[44,120280,3744],{"class":115},[44,120282,2177],{"class":77},[44,120284,129],{"class":115},[44,120286,2579],{"class":77},[44,120288,129],{"class":115},[44,120290,4735],{"class":77},[44,120292,3757],{"class":115},[20,120294,10852],{},[218,120296,120297,120302],{},[221,120298,120299,120301],{},[15,120300,74555],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[221,120303,120304,120306],{},[15,120305,64444],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[30,120308,5092,120310],{"id":120309},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120311,74555],{},[20,120313,189,120314,10740],{},[15,120315,74555],{},[218,120317,120318,120321,120323,120326],{},[221,120319,120320],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[221,120322,119090],{},[221,120324,120325],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[221,120327,120328],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1474,120330,120332],{"id":120331},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,120334,120336],{"className":37,"code":120335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120337,120338,120362,120366,120380,120384,120394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120339,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120341,3739],{"class":50},[44,120343,55],{"class":54},[44,120345,9375],{"class":115},[44,120347,2626],{"class":77},[44,120349,129],{"class":115},[44,120351,5632],{"class":77},[44,120353,129],{"class":115},[44,120355,2573],{"class":77},[44,120357,129],{"class":115},[44,120359,3116],{"class":77},[44,120361,135],{"class":115},[44,120363,120364],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120365,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120367,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,120369,2351],{"class":50},[44,120371,55],{"class":54},[44,120373,74689],{"class":141},[44,120375,123],{"class":115},[44,120377,3771],{"class":119},[44,120379,135],{"class":115},[44,120381,120382],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,120383,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120385,120386,120388,120390,120392],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,120387,142],{"class":141},[44,120389,123],{"class":115},[44,120391,2386],{"class":119},[44,120393,135],{"class":115},[44,120395,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,120397,142],{"class":141},[44,120399,123],{"class":115},[44,120401,1297],{"class":1296},[44,120403,123],{"class":115},[44,120405,2386],{"class":119},[44,120407,567],{"class":115},[20,120409,120410],{},[153,120411,155],{},[35,120413,120415],{"className":37,"code":120414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120416,120417,120437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120418,120419,120421,120423,120425,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120420,4027],{"class":115},[44,120422,3111],{"class":77},[44,120424,129],{"class":115},[44,120426,3116],{"class":77},[44,120428,129],{"class":115},[44,120430,2573],{"class":77},[44,120432,129],{"class":115},[44,120434,2579],{"class":77},[44,120436,3757],{"class":115},[44,120438,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120440,1326],{"class":54},[44,120442,1329],{"class":1075},[44,120444,1332],{"class":58},[44,120446,8231],{"class":62},[44,120448,1338],{"class":58},[44,120450,1341],{"class":54},[20,120452,341,120453,120455,120456,116],{},[15,120454,74555],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[153,120457,8231],{},[20,120459,120460,120461,120463],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[200,120462,52901],{"href":51109}," is a helpful next step.",[30,120465,5092,120467],{"id":120466},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120468,77998],{},[20,120470,189,120471,10740],{},[15,120472,77998],{},[218,120474,120475,120478,120481,120484],{},[221,120476,120477],{},"you already have a list",[221,120479,120480],{},"you want to update that list directly",[221,120482,120483],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[221,120485,120486],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1474,120488,120490],{"id":120489},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,120492,120494],{"className":37,"code":120493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120495,120496,120528,120532,120542,120546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120497,120498,120500,120502,120504,120506,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522,120524,120526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120499,5126],{"class":50},[44,120501,55],{"class":54},[44,120503,3744],{"class":115},[44,120505,112],{"class":58},[44,120507,5153],{"class":62},[44,120509,112],{"class":58},[44,120511,129],{"class":115},[44,120513,59],{"class":58},[44,120515,5135],{"class":62},[44,120517,112],{"class":58},[44,120519,129],{"class":115},[44,120521,59],{"class":58},[44,120523,5144],{"class":62},[44,120525,112],{"class":58},[44,120527,3757],{"class":115},[44,120529,120530],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120531,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120533,120534,120536,120538,120540],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,120535,5170],{"class":50},[44,120537,116],{"class":115},[44,120539,34935],{"class":119},[44,120541,8782],{"class":115},[44,120543,120544],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,120545,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120547,120548,120550,120552,120554],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,120549,142],{"class":141},[44,120551,123],{"class":115},[44,120553,5170],{"class":119},[44,120555,135],{"class":115},[20,120557,120558],{},[153,120559,155],{},[35,120561,120563],{"className":37,"code":120562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120564,120565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120566,120567,120569,120571,120573,120575,120577,120579,120581,120583,120585,120587,120589,120591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120568,4027],{"class":115},[44,120570,1338],{"class":58},[44,120572,5135],{"class":62},[44,120574,1338],{"class":58},[44,120576,129],{"class":115},[44,120578,1332],{"class":58},[44,120580,5144],{"class":62},[44,120582,1338],{"class":58},[44,120584,129],{"class":115},[44,120586,1332],{"class":58},[44,120588,5153],{"class":62},[44,120590,1338],{"class":58},[44,120592,3757],{"class":115},[20,120594,120595],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120597,120598,120599,116],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[200,120600,80003],{"href":78507},[30,120602,120604,536,120606,120608],{"id":120603},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120605,73708],{},[15,120607,14979],{}," work with both",[20,120610,10729,120611,536,120613,120615],{},[15,120612,74555],{},[15,120614,77998],{}," support:",[218,120617,120618,120623],{},[221,120619,120620,120622],{},[15,120621,78222],{}," for descending order",[221,120624,120625,120628],{},[15,120626,120627],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120630,120631],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1474,120633,120635],{"id":120634},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,120637,120639],{"className":37,"code":120638,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120640,120641,120661,120665,120687,120691,120709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120642,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120644,3739],{"class":50},[44,120646,55],{"class":54},[44,120648,3744],{"class":115},[44,120650,2183],{"class":77},[44,120652,129],{"class":115},[44,120654,5632],{"class":77},[44,120656,129],{"class":115},[44,120658,3116],{"class":77},[44,120660,3757],{"class":115},[44,120662,120663],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120664,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120666,120667,120669,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679,120681,120683,120685],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,120668,142],{"class":141},[44,120670,123],{"class":115},[44,120672,74645],{"class":141},[44,120674,123],{"class":115},[44,120676,3771],{"class":119},[44,120678,129],{"class":115},[44,120680,78201],{"class":826},[44,120682,55],{"class":54},[44,120684,3724],{"class":3978},[44,120686,567],{"class":115},[44,120688,120689],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,120690,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120692,120693,120695,120697,120699,120701,120703,120705,120707],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,120694,3771],{"class":50},[44,120696,116],{"class":115},[44,120698,34935],{"class":119},[44,120700,123],{"class":115},[44,120702,73708],{"class":826},[44,120704,55],{"class":54},[44,120706,3724],{"class":3978},[44,120708,135],{"class":115},[44,120710,120711,120713,120715,120717],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,120712,142],{"class":141},[44,120714,123],{"class":115},[44,120716,3771],{"class":119},[44,120718,135],{"class":115},[20,120720,120721],{},[153,120722,155],{},[35,120724,120726],{"className":37,"code":120725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120727,120728,120744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120729,120730,120732,120734,120736,120738,120740,120742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120731,4027],{"class":115},[44,120733,2183],{"class":77},[44,120735,129],{"class":115},[44,120737,3116],{"class":77},[44,120739,129],{"class":115},[44,120741,5632],{"class":77},[44,120743,3757],{"class":115},[44,120745,120746,120748,120750,120752,120754,120756,120758],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120747,4027],{"class":115},[44,120749,2183],{"class":77},[44,120751,129],{"class":115},[44,120753,3116],{"class":77},[44,120755,129],{"class":115},[44,120757,5632],{"class":77},[44,120759,3757],{"class":115},[1474,120761,120763],{"id":120762},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,120765,120767],{"className":37,"code":120766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120768,120769,120801,120805,120831,120835,120857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120770,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779,120781,120783,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120772,4198],{"class":50},[44,120774,55],{"class":54},[44,120776,3744],{"class":115},[44,120778,112],{"class":58},[44,120780,83491],{"class":62},[44,120782,112],{"class":58},[44,120784,129],{"class":115},[44,120786,59],{"class":58},[44,120788,4207],{"class":62},[44,120790,112],{"class":58},[44,120792,129],{"class":115},[44,120794,59],{"class":58},[44,120796,118955],{"class":62},[44,120798,112],{"class":58},[44,120800,3757],{"class":115},[44,120802,120803],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120804,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120806,120807,120809,120811,120813,120815,120817,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,120808,142],{"class":141},[44,120810,123],{"class":115},[44,120812,74645],{"class":141},[44,120814,123],{"class":115},[44,120816,4242],{"class":119},[44,120818,129],{"class":115},[44,120820,21717],{"class":826},[44,120822,55],{"class":54},[44,120824,1335],{"class":1296},[44,120826,116],{"class":115},[44,120828,8779],{"class":685},[44,120830,567],{"class":115},[44,120832,120833],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,120834,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120836,120837,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847,120849,120851,120853,120855],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,120838,4242],{"class":50},[44,120840,116],{"class":115},[44,120842,34935],{"class":119},[44,120844,123],{"class":115},[44,120846,14979],{"class":826},[44,120848,55],{"class":54},[44,120850,1335],{"class":1296},[44,120852,116],{"class":115},[44,120854,8779],{"class":685},[44,120856,135],{"class":115},[44,120858,120859,120861,120863,120865],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,120860,142],{"class":141},[44,120862,123],{"class":115},[44,120864,4242],{"class":119},[44,120866,135],{"class":115},[20,120868,120869],{},[153,120870,155],{},[35,120872,120874],{"className":37,"code":120873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120875,120876,120904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120877,120878,120880,120882,120884,120886,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898,120900,120902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120879,4027],{"class":115},[44,120881,1338],{"class":58},[44,120883,4207],{"class":62},[44,120885,1338],{"class":58},[44,120887,129],{"class":115},[44,120889,1332],{"class":58},[44,120891,83491],{"class":62},[44,120893,1338],{"class":58},[44,120895,129],{"class":115},[44,120897,1332],{"class":58},[44,120899,118955],{"class":62},[44,120901,1338],{"class":58},[44,120903,3757],{"class":115},[44,120905,120906,120908,120910,120912,120914,120916,120918,120920,120922,120924,120926,120928,120930],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120907,4027],{"class":115},[44,120909,1338],{"class":58},[44,120911,4207],{"class":62},[44,120913,1338],{"class":58},[44,120915,129],{"class":115},[44,120917,1332],{"class":58},[44,120919,83491],{"class":62},[44,120921,1338],{"class":58},[44,120923,129],{"class":115},[44,120925,1332],{"class":58},[44,120927,118955],{"class":62},[44,120929,1338],{"class":58},[44,120931,3757],{"class":115},[20,120933,8556,120934,120936],{},[15,120935,78716],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120938,120939,120940,116],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[200,120941,120943],{"href":120942},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[30,120945,120947],{"id":120946},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120949,120950],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1474,120952,120954,120955,12737],{"id":120953},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120956,77998],{},[20,120958,120959],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,120961,120963],{"className":37,"code":120962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120964,120965,120985,120989,121003,121007,121017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120966,120967,120969,120971,120973,120975,120977,120979,120981,120983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120968,3739],{"class":50},[44,120970,55],{"class":54},[44,120972,3744],{"class":115},[44,120974,2183],{"class":77},[44,120976,129],{"class":115},[44,120978,5632],{"class":77},[44,120980,129],{"class":115},[44,120982,3116],{"class":77},[44,120984,3757],{"class":115},[44,120986,120987],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,120988,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,120990,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,120992,2351],{"class":50},[44,120994,55],{"class":54},[44,120996,4392],{"class":50},[44,120998,116],{"class":115},[44,121000,34935],{"class":119},[44,121002,8782],{"class":115},[44,121004,121005],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,121006,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,121008,121009,121011,121013,121015],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,121010,142],{"class":141},[44,121012,123],{"class":115},[44,121014,2386],{"class":119},[44,121016,135],{"class":115},[44,121018,121019,121021,121023,121025],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,121020,142],{"class":141},[44,121022,123],{"class":115},[44,121024,3771],{"class":119},[44,121026,135],{"class":115},[20,121028,121029],{},[153,121030,155],{},[35,121032,121033],{"className":37,"code":79339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121034,121035,121039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121036,121037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121038,11948],{"class":3978},[44,121040,121041,121043,121045,121047,121049,121051,121053],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121042,4027],{"class":115},[44,121044,3111],{"class":77},[44,121046,129],{"class":115},[44,121048,3116],{"class":77},[44,121050,129],{"class":115},[44,121052,2573],{"class":77},[44,121054,3757],{"class":115},[20,121056,12040],{},[218,121058,121059,121064,121069],{},[221,121060,121061,121063],{},[15,121062,120066],{}," sorts the list in place",[221,121065,35150,121066,121068],{},[153,121067,4761],{}," return the sorted list",[221,121070,90111,121071,42293,121073],{},[15,121072,2386],{},[15,121074,3904],{},[1474,121076,121078,121079,121081],{"id":121077},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121080,74555],{}," to change the original list",[35,121083,121085],{"className":37,"code":121084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121086,121087,121107,121111,121121,121125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121088,121089,121091,121093,121095,121097,121099,121101,121103,121105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121090,3739],{"class":50},[44,121092,55],{"class":54},[44,121094,3744],{"class":115},[44,121096,2183],{"class":77},[44,121098,129],{"class":115},[44,121100,5632],{"class":77},[44,121102,129],{"class":115},[44,121104,3116],{"class":77},[44,121106,3757],{"class":115},[44,121108,121109],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121110,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,121112,121113,121115,121117,121119],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,121114,74645],{"class":141},[44,121116,123],{"class":115},[44,121118,3771],{"class":119},[44,121120,135],{"class":115},[44,121122,121123],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,121124,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,121126,121127,121129,121131,121133],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,121128,142],{"class":141},[44,121130,123],{"class":115},[44,121132,3771],{"class":119},[44,121134,135],{"class":115},[20,121136,121137],{},[153,121138,155],{},[35,121140,121141],{"className":37,"code":119287,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121142,121143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121144,121145,121147,121149,121151,121153,121155,121157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121146,4027],{"class":115},[44,121148,2183],{"class":77},[44,121150,129],{"class":115},[44,121152,5632],{"class":77},[44,121154,129],{"class":115},[44,121156,3116],{"class":77},[44,121158,3757],{"class":115},[20,121160,121161,121164],{},[15,121162,121163],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121166,10947],{},[35,121168,121170],{"className":37,"code":121169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121171,121172,121192,121196,121210,121214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121173,121174,121176,121178,121180,121182,121184,121186,121188,121190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121175,3739],{"class":50},[44,121177,55],{"class":54},[44,121179,3744],{"class":115},[44,121181,2183],{"class":77},[44,121183,129],{"class":115},[44,121185,5632],{"class":77},[44,121187,129],{"class":115},[44,121189,3116],{"class":77},[44,121191,3757],{"class":115},[44,121193,121194],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121195,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,121197,121198,121200,121202,121204,121206,121208],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,121199,55772],{"class":50},[44,121201,55],{"class":54},[44,121203,74689],{"class":141},[44,121205,123],{"class":115},[44,121207,3771],{"class":119},[44,121209,135],{"class":115},[44,121211,121212],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,121213,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,121215,121216,121218,121220,121222],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,121217,142],{"class":141},[44,121219,123],{"class":115},[44,121221,55791],{"class":119},[44,121223,135],{"class":115},[1474,121225,121227,121228,121230],{"id":121226},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121229,64444],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,121232,121233],{"className":37,"code":79440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,121234,121235,121247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121236,121237,121239,121241,121243,121245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121238,248],{"class":50},[44,121240,55],{"class":54},[44,121242,59],{"class":58},[44,121244,39],{"class":62},[44,121246,66],{"class":58},[44,121248,121249,121251,121253,121255],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121250,308],{"class":50},[44,121252,116],{"class":115},[44,121254,34935],{"class":119},[44,121256,8782],{"class":115},[20,121258,121259,121260,33737],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121261,64444],{},[20,121263,121264,121266],{},[15,121265,64444],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121268,121269,121270,121272,121273,116],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121271,74555],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[200,121274,5268],{"href":5721},[1474,121276,121278,121279,119324],{"id":121277},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121280,74555],{},[35,121282,121284],{"className":37,"code":121283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121285,121286,121299,121313,121317,121327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121287,121288,121290,121292,121294,121297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121289,248],{"class":50},[44,121291,55],{"class":54},[44,121293,59],{"class":58},[44,121295,121296],{"class":62},"cab",[44,121298,66],{"class":58},[44,121300,121301,121303,121305,121307,121309,121311],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121302,2351],{"class":50},[44,121304,55],{"class":54},[44,121306,74689],{"class":141},[44,121308,123],{"class":115},[44,121310,308],{"class":119},[44,121312,135],{"class":115},[44,121314,121315],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,121316,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,121318,121319,121321,121323,121325],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,121320,142],{"class":141},[44,121322,123],{"class":115},[44,121324,2386],{"class":119},[44,121326,135],{"class":115},[44,121328,121329,121331,121333,121335,121337,121339],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,121330,142],{"class":141},[44,121332,123],{"class":115},[44,121334,1297],{"class":1296},[44,121336,123],{"class":115},[44,121338,2386],{"class":119},[44,121340,567],{"class":115},[20,121342,121343],{},[153,121344,155],{},[35,121346,121348],{"className":37,"code":121347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121349,121350,121378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121351,121352,121354,121356,121358,121360,121362,121364,121366,121368,121370,121372,121374,121376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121353,4027],{"class":115},[44,121355,1338],{"class":58},[44,121357,200],{"class":62},[44,121359,1338],{"class":58},[44,121361,129],{"class":115},[44,121363,1332],{"class":58},[44,121365,4891],{"class":62},[44,121367,1338],{"class":58},[44,121369,129],{"class":115},[44,121371,1332],{"class":58},[44,121373,9878],{"class":62},[44,121375,1338],{"class":58},[44,121377,3757],{"class":115},[44,121379,121380,121382,121384,121386,121388,121390],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121381,1326],{"class":54},[44,121383,1329],{"class":1075},[44,121385,1332],{"class":58},[44,121387,8231],{"class":62},[44,121389,1338],{"class":58},[44,121391,1341],{"class":54},[20,121393,121394],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[30,121396,113845],{"id":113844},[20,121398,121399],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[218,121401,121402,121405,121410,121415,121421],{},[221,121403,121404],{},"confusing a function with a method",[221,121406,121407,121408,53774],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121409,64444],{},[221,121411,121412,121413,12737],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121414,77998],{},[221,121416,121417,121418,121420],{},"trying to use ",[15,121419,64444],{}," on non-list data types",[221,121422,50636,121423,121425],{},[15,121424,74555],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121427,121428],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,121430,121432],{"className":37,"code":121431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121433,121434,121444,121458,121483,121498,121508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121435,121436,121438,121440,121442],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121437,142],{"class":141},[44,121439,123],{"class":115},[44,121441,8477],{"class":119},[44,121443,135],{"class":115},[44,121445,121446,121448,121450,121452,121454,121456],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121447,142],{"class":141},[44,121449,123],{"class":115},[44,121451,74645],{"class":141},[44,121453,123],{"class":115},[44,121455,8477],{"class":119},[44,121457,567],{"class":115},[44,121459,121460,121462,121464,121466,121468,121470,121472,121475,121477,121479,121481],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,121461,2351],{"class":50},[44,121463,55],{"class":54},[44,121465,8534],{"class":50},[44,121467,116],{"class":115},[44,121469,34935],{"class":119},[44,121471,7504],{"class":115},[44,121473,121474],{"class":50},"; ",[44,121476,142],{"class":141},[44,121478,123],{"class":115},[44,121480,2386],{"class":119},[44,121482,135],{"class":115},[44,121484,121485,121487,121489,121491,121493,121496],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,121486,142],{"class":141},[44,121488,123],{"class":115},[44,121490,1297],{"class":1296},[44,121492,123],{"class":115},[44,121494,121495],{"class":119},"my_data",[44,121497,567],{"class":115},[44,121499,121500,121502,121504,121506],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,121501,1934],{"class":141},[44,121503,123],{"class":115},[44,121505,74645],{"class":141},[44,121507,135],{"class":115},[44,121509,121510,121512,121514,121516,121518,121520],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,121511,1934],{"class":141},[44,121513,123],{"class":115},[44,121515,8231],{"class":1296},[44,121517,116],{"class":115},[44,121519,34935],{"class":685},[44,121521,135],{"class":115},[20,121523,84501],{},[218,121525,121526,121529,121533,121541],{},[221,121527,121528],{},"whether your original list changed",[221,121530,26154,121531,11845],{},[15,121532,74555],{},[221,121534,121535,121536,121538,121539],{},"whether ",[15,121537,64444],{}," returned ",[15,121540,3904],{},[221,121542,121543],{},"what type of object you are working with",[30,121545,121547],{"id":121546},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121549,121550],{},"Use this rule:",[218,121552,121553,121561],{},[221,121554,121555,121556,121558,121559],{},"Need a ",[153,121557,119649],{},": use ",[15,121560,74555],{},[221,121562,121563,121564,121558,121567],{},"Need to ",[153,121565,121566],{},"change one list directly",[15,121568,77998],{},[20,121570,121571,121572,121574],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121573,74555],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[30,121576,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,121578,121580,121581,3000,121583,1995],{"id":121579},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121582,74555],{},[15,121584,77998],{},[20,121586,121587,121589],{},[15,121588,74555],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1474,121591,5290,121593,5293,121595,1995],{"id":121592},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121594,77998],{},[15,121596,3904],{},[20,121598,121599],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1474,121601,5302,121603,121605],{"id":121602},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121604,74555],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121607,121608],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1474,121610,28464,121612,121614],{"id":121611},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121613,64444],{}," on a string?",[20,121616,46498,121617,121619,121620,40067],{},[15,121618,64444],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121621,121622],{},"sorted(string)",[1474,121624,11959,121626,536,121628,121630],{"id":121625},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121627,74555],{},[15,121629,64444],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121632,121633,121634,116],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121635,78222],{},[30,121637,2019],{"id":2018},[218,121639,121640,121646,121652,121656,121660],{},[221,121641,121642],{},[200,121643,1013,121644,1017],{"href":74652},[15,121645,74555],{},[221,121647,121648],{},[200,121649,1013,121650,10880],{"href":74906},[15,121651,77998],{},[221,121653,121654],{},[200,121655,80003],{"href":78507},[221,121657,121658],{},[200,121659,120943],{"href":120942},[221,121661,121662],{},[200,121663,52901],{"href":51109},[2048,121665,121666],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":121668},[121669,121670,121671,121675,121679,121682,121686,121690,121695,121705,121706,121707,121719],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":119737,"depth":69,"text":119738},{"id":117840,"depth":69,"text":119562,"children":121672},[121673],{"id":119804,"depth":81,"text":121674},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78064,"depth":69,"text":80025,"children":121676},[121677],{"id":119981,"depth":81,"text":121678},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120077,"depth":69,"text":120078,"children":121680},[121681],{"id":120103,"depth":81,"text":120104},{"id":120309,"depth":69,"text":121683,"children":121684},"When to use sorted()",[121685],{"id":120331,"depth":81,"text":120332},{"id":120466,"depth":69,"text":121687,"children":121688},"When to use list.sort()",[121689],{"id":120489,"depth":81,"text":120490},{"id":120603,"depth":69,"text":121691,"children":121692},"reverse and key work with both",[121693,121694],{"id":120634,"depth":81,"text":120635},{"id":120762,"depth":81,"text":120763},{"id":120946,"depth":69,"text":120947,"children":121696},[121697,121699,121701,121703],{"id":120953,"depth":81,"text":121698},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121077,"depth":81,"text":121700},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121226,"depth":81,"text":121702},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121277,"depth":81,"text":121704},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113844,"depth":69,"text":113845},{"id":121546,"depth":69,"text":121547},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":121708},[121709,121711,121713,121715,121717],{"id":121579,"depth":81,"text":121710},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121592,"depth":81,"text":121712},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121602,"depth":81,"text":121714},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121611,"depth":81,"text":121716},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121625,"depth":81,"text":121718},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119608,"description":121720},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121726,"title":42313,"body":121727,"description":123456,"extension":2084,"meta":123457,"navigation":84,"path":123458,"seo":123459,"stem":123460,"__hash__":123461},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121728,"toc":123413},[121729,121734,121739,121745,121747,121802,121806,121829,121834,121839,121844,121846,121877,121880,121894,121896,121898,121913,121918,121922,121925,121976,121980,121994,122001,122005,122009,122064,122068,122091,122095,122151,122155,122178,122182,122237,122241,122264,122268,122335,122339,122374,122380,122385,122390,122392,122406,122408,122481,122485,122503,122508,122515,122518,122530,122532,122601,122605,122642,122645,122670,122677,122686,122689,122701,122707,122713,122715,122721,122726,122805,122809,122850,122854,122856,122883,122886,122909,122912,122918,122921,122958,122970,122977,122979,123030,123033,123065,123068,123070,123077,123079,123094,123096,123153,123157,123181,123183,123188,123204,123211,123215,123218,123301,123311,123313,123318,123321,123327,123330,123336,123339,123345,123348,123355,123363,123365,123410],[10,121730,1013,121732,3699],{"id":121731},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121733,1016],{},[20,121735,32453,121736,121738],{},[15,121737,1016],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121740,121741,121742,121744],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121743,1016],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[30,121746,33],{"id":32},[35,121748,121750],{"className":37,"code":121749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121751,121752,121760,121774,121778,121788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121753,121754,121756,121758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121755,72],{"class":50},[44,121757,55],{"class":54},[44,121759,45359],{"class":77},[44,121761,121762,121764,121766,121768,121770,121772],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121763,248],{"class":50},[44,121765,55],{"class":54},[44,121767,49035],{"class":1296},[44,121769,123],{"class":115},[44,121771,9437],{"class":119},[44,121773,135],{"class":115},[44,121775,121776],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,121777,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,121779,121780,121782,121784,121786],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,121781,142],{"class":141},[44,121783,123],{"class":115},[44,121785,308],{"class":119},[44,121787,135],{"class":115},[44,121789,121790,121792,121794,121796,121798,121800],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,121791,142],{"class":141},[44,121793,123],{"class":115},[44,121795,1297],{"class":1296},[44,121797,123],{"class":115},[44,121799,308],{"class":119},[44,121801,567],{"class":115},[20,121803,121804],{},[153,121805,155],{},[35,121807,121809],{"className":37,"code":121808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121810,121811,121815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121812,121813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121814,2831],{"class":77},[44,121816,121817,121819,121821,121823,121825,121827],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121818,1326],{"class":54},[44,121820,1329],{"class":1075},[44,121822,1332],{"class":58},[44,121824,1335],{"class":62},[44,121826,1338],{"class":58},[44,121828,1341],{"class":54},[20,121830,189,121831,121833],{},[15,121832,1016],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[30,121835,3802,121837,3805],{"id":121836},"what-str-does",[15,121838,1016],{},[20,121840,121841,121843],{},[15,121842,1016],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121845,2227],{},[218,121847,121848,121855,121862,121869],{},[221,121849,121850,121851,42293,121853],{},"An integer like ",[15,121852,2451],{},[15,121854,42264],{},[221,121856,121857,121858,42293,121860],{},"A float like ",[15,121859,40281],{},[15,121861,48225],{},[221,121863,121864,121865,42293,121867],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121866,3724],{},[15,121868,6778],{},[221,121870,121871,121872,42293,121874],{},"A list like ",[15,121873,75377],{},[15,121875,121876],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121878,121879],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[218,121881,121882,121885,121888,121891],{},[221,121883,121884],{},"print it",[221,121886,121887],{},"combine it with other strings",[221,121889,121890],{},"save it to a file",[221,121892,121893],{},"use it in messages",[30,121895,351],{"id":350},[20,121897,7356],{},[35,121899,121901],{"className":37,"code":121900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,121902,121903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121904,121905,121907,121909,121911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121906,1335],{"class":1296},[44,121908,123],{"class":115},[44,121910,42536],{"class":1296},[44,121912,135],{"class":115},[20,121914,20908,121915,121917],{},[15,121916,42536],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121919,121920,8363],{},[15,121921,1016],{},[20,121923,121924],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,121926,121928],{"className":37,"code":121927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121929,121930,121939,121962,121966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121931,121932,121934,121936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121933,5227],{"class":50},[44,121935,55],{"class":54},[44,121937,121938],{"class":77}," 100\n",[44,121940,121941,121943,121945,121947,121950,121952,121954,121956,121958,121960],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,121942,91],{"class":50},[44,121944,55],{"class":54},[44,121946,59],{"class":58},[44,121948,121949],{"class":62},"Your score is ",[44,121951,112],{"class":58},[44,121953,2576],{"class":54},[44,121955,49035],{"class":1296},[44,121957,123],{"class":115},[44,121959,85648],{"class":119},[44,121961,135],{"class":115},[44,121963,121964],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,121965,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,121967,121968,121970,121972,121974],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,121969,142],{"class":141},[44,121971,123],{"class":115},[44,121973,147],{"class":119},[44,121975,135],{"class":115},[20,121977,121978],{},[153,121979,155],{},[35,121981,121983],{"className":37,"code":121982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121984,121985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121986,121987,121990,121992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121988,121989],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,121991,168],{"class":54},[44,121993,121938],{"class":77},[20,121995,2417,121996,122000],{},[200,121997,121998,1215],{"href":2420},[15,121999,2423],{}," can help you check.",[30,122002,122004],{"id":122003},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1474,122006,122008],{"id":122007},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,122010,122012],{"className":37,"code":122011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122013,122014,122022,122036,122040,122050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122015,122016,122018,122020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122017,2338],{"class":50},[44,122019,55],{"class":54},[44,122021,2709],{"class":77},[44,122023,122024,122026,122028,122030,122032,122034],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122025,248],{"class":50},[44,122027,55],{"class":54},[44,122029,49035],{"class":1296},[44,122031,123],{"class":115},[44,122033,2361],{"class":119},[44,122035,135],{"class":115},[44,122037,122038],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122039,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,122041,122042,122044,122046,122048],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,122043,142],{"class":141},[44,122045,123],{"class":115},[44,122047,308],{"class":119},[44,122049,135],{"class":115},[44,122051,122052,122054,122056,122058,122060,122062],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,122053,142],{"class":141},[44,122055,123],{"class":115},[44,122057,1297],{"class":1296},[44,122059,123],{"class":115},[44,122061,308],{"class":119},[44,122063,567],{"class":115},[20,122065,122066],{},[153,122067,155],{},[35,122069,122071],{"className":37,"code":122070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122072,122073,122077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122074,122075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122076,2497],{"class":77},[44,122078,122079,122081,122083,122085,122087,122089],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122080,1326],{"class":54},[44,122082,1329],{"class":1075},[44,122084,1332],{"class":58},[44,122086,1335],{"class":62},[44,122088,1338],{"class":58},[44,122090,1341],{"class":54},[1474,122092,122094],{"id":122093},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,122096,122098],{"className":37,"code":122097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122099,122100,122109,122123,122127,122137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122101,122102,122104,122106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122103,1053],{"class":50},[44,122105,55],{"class":54},[44,122107,122108],{"class":77}," 3.14\n",[44,122110,122111,122113,122115,122117,122119,122121],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122112,248],{"class":50},[44,122114,55],{"class":54},[44,122116,49035],{"class":1296},[44,122118,123],{"class":115},[44,122120,1089],{"class":119},[44,122122,135],{"class":115},[44,122124,122125],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122126,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,122128,122129,122131,122133,122135],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,122130,142],{"class":141},[44,122132,123],{"class":115},[44,122134,308],{"class":119},[44,122136,135],{"class":115},[44,122138,122139,122141,122143,122145,122147,122149],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,122140,142],{"class":141},[44,122142,123],{"class":115},[44,122144,1297],{"class":1296},[44,122146,123],{"class":115},[44,122148,308],{"class":119},[44,122150,567],{"class":115},[20,122152,122153],{},[153,122154,155],{},[35,122156,122158],{"className":37,"code":122157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122159,122160,122164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122161,122162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122163,40315],{"class":77},[44,122165,122166,122168,122170,122172,122174,122176],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122167,1326],{"class":54},[44,122169,1329],{"class":1075},[44,122171,1332],{"class":58},[44,122173,1335],{"class":62},[44,122175,1338],{"class":58},[44,122177,1341],{"class":54},[1474,122179,122181],{"id":122180},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,122183,122185],{"className":37,"code":122184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122186,122187,122195,122209,122213,122223],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122188,122189,122191,122193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122190,2568],{"class":50},[44,122192,55],{"class":54},[44,122194,6560],{"class":3978},[44,122196,122197,122199,122201,122203,122205,122207],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122198,248],{"class":50},[44,122200,55],{"class":54},[44,122202,49035],{"class":1296},[44,122204,123],{"class":115},[44,122206,379],{"class":119},[44,122208,135],{"class":115},[44,122210,122211],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122212,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,122214,122215,122217,122219,122221],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,122216,142],{"class":141},[44,122218,123],{"class":115},[44,122220,308],{"class":119},[44,122222,135],{"class":115},[44,122224,122225,122227,122229,122231,122233,122235],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,122226,142],{"class":141},[44,122228,123],{"class":115},[44,122230,1297],{"class":1296},[44,122232,123],{"class":115},[44,122234,308],{"class":119},[44,122236,567],{"class":115},[20,122238,122239],{},[153,122240,155],{},[35,122242,122244],{"className":37,"code":122243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122245,122246,122250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122247,122248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122249,4107],{"class":3978},[44,122251,122252,122254,122256,122258,122260,122262],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122253,1326],{"class":54},[44,122255,1329],{"class":1075},[44,122257,1332],{"class":58},[44,122259,1335],{"class":62},[44,122261,1338],{"class":58},[44,122263,1341],{"class":54},[1474,122265,122267],{"id":122266},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,122269,122271],{"className":37,"code":122270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122272,122273,122293,122307,122311,122321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122274,122275,122277,122279,122281,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122276,7917],{"class":50},[44,122278,55],{"class":54},[44,122280,3744],{"class":115},[44,122282,3111],{"class":77},[44,122284,129],{"class":115},[44,122286,3116],{"class":77},[44,122288,129],{"class":115},[44,122290,2573],{"class":77},[44,122292,3757],{"class":115},[44,122294,122295,122297,122299,122301,122303,122305],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122296,248],{"class":50},[44,122298,55],{"class":54},[44,122300,49035],{"class":1296},[44,122302,123],{"class":115},[44,122304,7948],{"class":119},[44,122306,135],{"class":115},[44,122308,122309],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122310,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,122312,122313,122315,122317,122319],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,122314,142],{"class":141},[44,122316,123],{"class":115},[44,122318,308],{"class":119},[44,122320,135],{"class":115},[44,122322,122323,122325,122327,122329,122331,122333],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,122324,142],{"class":141},[44,122326,123],{"class":115},[44,122328,1297],{"class":1296},[44,122330,123],{"class":115},[44,122332,308],{"class":119},[44,122334,567],{"class":115},[20,122336,122337],{},[153,122338,155],{},[35,122340,122342],{"className":37,"code":122341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122343,122344,122360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122345,122346,122348,122350,122352,122354,122356,122358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122347,4027],{"class":115},[44,122349,3111],{"class":77},[44,122351,129],{"class":115},[44,122353,3116],{"class":77},[44,122355,129],{"class":115},[44,122357,2573],{"class":77},[44,122359,3757],{"class":115},[44,122361,122362,122364,122366,122368,122370,122372],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122363,1326],{"class":54},[44,122365,1329],{"class":1075},[44,122367,1332],{"class":58},[44,122369,1335],{"class":62},[44,122371,1338],{"class":58},[44,122373,1341],{"class":54},[20,122375,122376,122377,122379],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[153,122378,4761],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[30,122381,5092,122383],{"id":122382},"when-to-use-str",[15,122384,1016],{},[20,122386,189,122387,122389],{},[15,122388,1016],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122391,36563],{},[218,122393,122394,122397,122400,122403],{},[221,122395,122396],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[221,122398,122399],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[221,122401,122402],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[221,122404,122405],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122407,238],{},[35,122409,122411],{"className":37,"code":122410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122412,122413,122425,122433,122437,122471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122414,122415,122417,122419,122421,122423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122416,51],{"class":50},[44,122418,55],{"class":54},[44,122420,59],{"class":58},[44,122422,63],{"class":62},[44,122424,66],{"class":58},[44,122426,122427,122429,122431],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122428,72],{"class":50},[44,122430,55],{"class":54},[44,122432,45359],{"class":77},[44,122434,122435],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122436,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,122438,122439,122441,122443,122445,122447,122449,122451,122453,122455,122457,122459,122461,122463,122465,122467,122469],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,122440,91],{"class":50},[44,122442,55],{"class":54},[44,122444,36105],{"class":50},[44,122446,2180],{"class":54},[44,122448,59],{"class":58},[44,122450,4914],{"class":62},[44,122452,112],{"class":58},[44,122454,2576],{"class":54},[44,122456,49035],{"class":1296},[44,122458,123],{"class":115},[44,122460,9437],{"class":119},[44,122462,3784],{"class":115},[44,122464,2576],{"class":54},[44,122466,59],{"class":58},[44,122468,109],{"class":62},[44,122470,66],{"class":58},[44,122472,122473,122475,122477,122479],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,122474,142],{"class":141},[44,122476,123],{"class":115},[44,122478,147],{"class":119},[44,122480,135],{"class":115},[20,122482,122483],{},[153,122484,155],{},[35,122486,122488],{"className":37,"code":122487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122489,122490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122491,122492,122495,122497,122499,122501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122493,122494],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,122496,168],{"class":54},[44,122498,9444],{"class":77},[44,122500,183],{"class":50},[44,122502,186],{"class":115},[20,122504,122505,122506,116],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[200,122507,1463],{"href":1462},[30,122509,122511,10724,122513],{"id":122510},"str-vs-print",[15,122512,1016],{},[15,122514,1214],{},[20,122516,122517],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[218,122519,122520,122525],{},[221,122521,122522,122524],{},[15,122523,1016],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[221,122526,122527,122529],{},[15,122528,1214],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122531,238],{},[35,122533,122535],{"className":37,"code":122534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122536,122537,122545,122549,122563,122573,122587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122538,122539,122541,122543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122540,2568],{"class":50},[44,122542,55],{"class":54},[44,122544,2891],{"class":77},[44,122546,122547],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122548,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,122550,122551,122553,122555,122557,122559,122561],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122552,248],{"class":50},[44,122554,55],{"class":54},[44,122556,49035],{"class":1296},[44,122558,123],{"class":115},[44,122560,379],{"class":119},[44,122562,135],{"class":115},[44,122564,122565,122567,122569,122571],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,122566,142],{"class":141},[44,122568,123],{"class":115},[44,122570,308],{"class":119},[44,122572,135],{"class":115},[44,122574,122575,122577,122579,122581,122583,122585],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,122576,142],{"class":141},[44,122578,123],{"class":115},[44,122580,1297],{"class":1296},[44,122582,123],{"class":115},[44,122584,308],{"class":119},[44,122586,567],{"class":115},[44,122588,122589,122591,122593,122595,122597,122599],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,122590,142],{"class":141},[44,122592,123],{"class":115},[44,122594,1297],{"class":1296},[44,122596,123],{"class":115},[44,122598,379],{"class":119},[44,122600,567],{"class":115},[20,122602,122603],{},[153,122604,155],{},[35,122606,122608],{"className":37,"code":122607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122609,122610,122614,122628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122611,122612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122613,46743],{"class":77},[44,122615,122616,122618,122620,122622,122624,122626],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122617,1326],{"class":54},[44,122619,1329],{"class":1075},[44,122621,1332],{"class":58},[44,122623,1335],{"class":62},[44,122625,1338],{"class":58},[44,122627,1341],{"class":54},[44,122629,122630,122632,122634,122636,122638,122640],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122631,1326],{"class":54},[44,122633,1329],{"class":1075},[44,122635,1332],{"class":58},[44,122637,2309],{"class":62},[44,122639,1338],{"class":58},[44,122641,1341],{"class":54},[20,122643,122644],{},"Notice:",[218,122646,122647,122653,122658],{},[221,122648,122649,122652],{},[15,122650,122651],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[221,122654,122655,122657],{},[15,122656,1214],{}," only displayed values",[221,122659,122660,122662,122663,122665,122666,61433,122668],{},[15,122661,1214],{}," did not change ",[15,122664,379],{}," from ",[15,122667,2309],{},[15,122669,1335],{},[20,122671,122672,122673,116],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[200,122674,122675,1215],{"href":1211},[15,122676,1214],{},[30,122678,122680,10724,122682,122685],{"id":122679},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122681,1016],{},[15,122683,122684],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122687,122688],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[218,122690,122691,122696],{},[221,122692,122693,122695],{},[15,122694,1016],{}," is the more readable text version",[221,122697,122698,122700],{},[15,122699,122684],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122702,122703,122704,122706],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122705,1016],{}," much more often.",[20,122708,122709,122710,122712],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122711,1016],{}," is usually the right choice.",[30,122714,4648],{"id":4647},[1474,122716,25909,122718,122720],{"id":122717},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122719,1016],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122722,122723,122725],{},[15,122724,1016],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,122727,122729],{"className":37,"code":122728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122730,122731,122739,122753,122757,122767,122781,122791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122732,122733,122735,122737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122734,72],{"class":50},[44,122736,55],{"class":54},[44,122738,45359],{"class":77},[44,122740,122741,122743,122745,122747,122749,122751],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122742,248],{"class":50},[44,122744,55],{"class":54},[44,122746,49035],{"class":1296},[44,122748,123],{"class":115},[44,122750,9437],{"class":119},[44,122752,135],{"class":115},[44,122754,122755],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122756,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,122758,122759,122761,122763,122765],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,122760,142],{"class":141},[44,122762,123],{"class":115},[44,122764,9437],{"class":119},[44,122766,135],{"class":115},[44,122768,122769,122771,122773,122775,122777,122779],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,122770,142],{"class":141},[44,122772,123],{"class":115},[44,122774,1297],{"class":1296},[44,122776,123],{"class":115},[44,122778,9437],{"class":119},[44,122780,567],{"class":115},[44,122782,122783,122785,122787,122789],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,122784,142],{"class":141},[44,122786,123],{"class":115},[44,122788,308],{"class":119},[44,122790,135],{"class":115},[44,122792,122793,122795,122797,122799,122801,122803],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,122794,142],{"class":141},[44,122796,123],{"class":115},[44,122798,1297],{"class":1296},[44,122800,123],{"class":115},[44,122802,308],{"class":119},[44,122804,567],{"class":115},[20,122806,122807],{},[153,122808,155],{},[35,122810,122812],{"className":37,"code":122811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122813,122814,122818,122832,122836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122815,122816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122817,2831],{"class":77},[44,122819,122820,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122821,1326],{"class":54},[44,122823,1329],{"class":1075},[44,122825,1332],{"class":58},[44,122827,2309],{"class":62},[44,122829,1338],{"class":58},[44,122831,1341],{"class":54},[44,122833,122834],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122835,2831],{"class":77},[44,122837,122838,122840,122842,122844,122846,122848],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,122839,1326],{"class":54},[44,122841,1329],{"class":1075},[44,122843,1332],{"class":58},[44,122845,1335],{"class":62},[44,122847,1338],{"class":58},[44,122849,1341],{"class":54},[1474,122851,122853],{"id":122852},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122855,6825],{},[35,122857,122859],{"className":37,"code":122858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122860,122861,122869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122862,122863,122865,122867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122864,72],{"class":50},[44,122866,55],{"class":54},[44,122868,45359],{"class":77},[44,122870,122871,122873,122875,122877,122879,122881],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122872,248],{"class":50},[44,122874,55],{"class":54},[44,122876,49035],{"class":1296},[44,122878,123],{"class":115},[44,122880,9437],{"class":119},[44,122882,135],{"class":115},[20,122884,122885],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,122887,122889],{"className":37,"code":122888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122890,122891,122899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122892,122893,122895,122897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122894,72],{"class":50},[44,122896,55],{"class":54},[44,122898,45359],{"class":77},[44,122900,122901,122903,122905,122907],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122902,1335],{"class":1296},[44,122904,123],{"class":115},[44,122906,9437],{"class":119},[44,122908,135],{"class":115},[20,122910,122911],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1474,122913,8556,122915,122917],{"id":122914},"using-str-too-early",[15,122916,1016],{}," too early",[20,122919,122920],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,122922,122924],{"className":37,"code":122923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122925,122926,122934,122949,122953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122927,122928,122930,122932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122929,1053],{"class":50},[44,122931,55],{"class":54},[44,122933,2709],{"class":77},[44,122935,122936,122939,122941,122943,122945,122947],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,122937,122938],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,122940,55],{"class":54},[44,122942,49035],{"class":1296},[44,122944,123],{"class":115},[44,122946,1089],{"class":119},[44,122948,135],{"class":115},[44,122950,122951],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,122952,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,122954,122955],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,122956,122957],{"class":3787},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122959,122960,122961,3000,122965,122969],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[200,122962,122963],{"href":2996},[15,122964,2999],{},[200,122966,122967],{"href":3003},[15,122968,3006],{},", depending on the situation.",[1474,122971,1707,122973,122976],{"id":122972},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122974,122975],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122978,64776],{},[35,122980,122982],{"className":37,"code":122981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122983,122984,123016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122985,122986,122988,122990,122992,122994,122996,122998,123000,123002,123004,123006,123008,123010,123012,123014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122987,7917],{"class":50},[44,122989,55],{"class":54},[44,122991,3744],{"class":115},[44,122993,112],{"class":58},[44,122995,4207],{"class":62},[44,122997,112],{"class":58},[44,122999,129],{"class":115},[44,123001,59],{"class":58},[44,123003,4216],{"class":62},[44,123005,112],{"class":58},[44,123007,129],{"class":115},[44,123009,59],{"class":58},[44,123011,33357],{"class":62},[44,123013,112],{"class":58},[44,123015,3757],{"class":115},[44,123017,123018,123020,123022,123024,123026,123028],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123019,142],{"class":141},[44,123021,123],{"class":115},[44,123023,1335],{"class":1296},[44,123025,123],{"class":115},[44,123027,7948],{"class":119},[44,123029,567],{"class":115},[20,123031,123032],{},"prints:",[35,123034,123035],{"className":37,"code":72967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123036,123037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123038,123039,123041,123043,123045,123047,123049,123051,123053,123055,123057,123059,123061,123063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123040,4027],{"class":115},[44,123042,1338],{"class":58},[44,123044,4207],{"class":62},[44,123046,1338],{"class":58},[44,123048,129],{"class":115},[44,123050,1332],{"class":58},[44,123052,4216],{"class":62},[44,123054,1338],{"class":58},[44,123056,129],{"class":115},[44,123058,1332],{"class":58},[44,123060,33357],{"class":62},[44,123062,1338],{"class":58},[44,123064,3757],{"class":115},[20,123066,123067],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[30,123069,1219],{"id":1218},[20,123071,123072,22112,123074,116],{},[15,123073,1016],{},[153,123075,123076],{},"new string",[20,123078,11598],{},[218,123080,123081,123084,123087],{},[221,123082,123083],{},"It always returns a string",[221,123085,123086],{},"It does not modify the original object",[221,123088,7900,123089,123093],{},[200,123090,123091],{"href":2420},[15,123092,2423],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123095,238],{},[35,123097,123099],{"className":37,"code":123098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123100,123101,123109,123124,123128,123139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123102,123103,123105,123107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123104,2568],{"class":50},[44,123106,55],{"class":54},[44,123108,14268],{"class":77},[44,123110,123111,123114,123116,123118,123120,123122],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123112,123113],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,123115,55],{"class":54},[44,123117,49035],{"class":1296},[44,123119,123],{"class":115},[44,123121,379],{"class":119},[44,123123,135],{"class":115},[44,123125,123126],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,123127,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,123129,123130,123132,123134,123137],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,123131,142],{"class":141},[44,123133,123],{"class":115},[44,123135,123136],{"class":119},"converted",[44,123138,135],{"class":115},[44,123140,123141,123143,123145,123147,123149,123151],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,123142,142],{"class":141},[44,123144,123],{"class":115},[44,123146,1297],{"class":1296},[44,123148,123],{"class":115},[44,123150,123136],{"class":119},[44,123152,567],{"class":115},[20,123154,123155],{},[153,123156,155],{},[35,123158,123160],{"className":37,"code":123159,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123161,123162,123167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123163,123164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123165,123166],{"class":77},"99\n",[44,123168,123169,123171,123173,123175,123177,123179],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123170,1326],{"class":54},[44,123172,1329],{"class":1075},[44,123174,1332],{"class":58},[44,123176,1335],{"class":62},[44,123178,1338],{"class":58},[44,123180,1341],{"class":54},[30,123182,113845],{"id":113844},[20,123184,123185,123186,74946],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123187,1016],{},[218,123189,123190,123193,123196,123201],{},[221,123191,123192],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[221,123194,123195],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[221,123197,8556,123198,123200],{},[15,123199,1016],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[221,123202,123203],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123205,123206,123207,116],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[200,123208,25814,123209],{"href":1863},[15,123210,1864],{},[30,123212,123214],{"id":123213},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123216,123217],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,123219,123221],{"className":37,"code":123220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123222,123223,123231,123235,123245,123259,123263,123277,123287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123224,123225,123227,123229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123226,2568],{"class":50},[44,123228,55],{"class":54},[44,123230,45359],{"class":77},[44,123232,123233],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123234,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,123236,123237,123239,123241,123243],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,123238,142],{"class":141},[44,123240,123],{"class":115},[44,123242,379],{"class":119},[44,123244,135],{"class":115},[44,123246,123247,123249,123251,123253,123255,123257],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,123248,142],{"class":141},[44,123250,123],{"class":115},[44,123252,1297],{"class":1296},[44,123254,123],{"class":115},[44,123256,379],{"class":119},[44,123258,567],{"class":115},[44,123260,123261],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,123262,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,123264,123265,123267,123269,123271,123273,123275],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,123266,123113],{"class":50},[44,123268,55],{"class":54},[44,123270,49035],{"class":1296},[44,123272,123],{"class":115},[44,123274,379],{"class":119},[44,123276,135],{"class":115},[44,123278,123279,123281,123283,123285],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,123280,142],{"class":141},[44,123282,123],{"class":115},[44,123284,123136],{"class":119},[44,123286,135],{"class":115},[44,123288,123289,123291,123293,123295,123297,123299],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,123290,142],{"class":141},[44,123292,123],{"class":115},[44,123294,1297],{"class":1296},[44,123296,123],{"class":115},[44,123298,123136],{"class":119},[44,123300,567],{"class":115},[20,123302,123303,123304,2310,123306,123308,123309,116],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123305,2309],{},[15,123307,2313],{},", or another type into ",[15,123310,1335],{},[30,123312,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,123314,5274,123316,5277],{"id":123315},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123317,1016],{},[20,123319,123320],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1474,123322,12844,123324,123326],{"id":123323},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123325,1016],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123328,123329],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1474,123331,5302,123333,123335],{"id":123332},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123334,1016],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123337,123338],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1474,123340,94709,123342,123344],{"id":123341},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123343,1016],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123346,123347],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1474,123349,2006,123351,57336,123353,1995],{"id":123350},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123352,1016],{},[15,123354,1214],{},[20,123356,46498,123357,123359,123360,123362],{},[15,123358,1016],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123361,1214],{}," shows output.",[30,123364,2019],{"id":2018},[218,123366,123367,123373,123379,123385,123391,123400,123404],{},[221,123368,123369],{},[200,123370,123371,1017],{"href":1211},[15,123372,1214],{},[221,123374,123375],{},[200,123376,123377,1017],{"href":2420},[15,123378,2423],{},[221,123380,123381],{},[200,123382,123383,1017],{"href":2996},[15,123384,2999],{},[221,123386,123387],{},[200,123388,123389,1017],{"href":3003},[15,123390,3006],{},[221,123392,123393],{},[200,123394,123396,123397,123399],{"href":123395},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123398,2309],{}," to string in Python",[221,123401,123402],{},[200,123403,2030],{"href":1462},[221,123405,123406],{},[200,123407,30484,123408],{"href":1863},[15,123409,1864],{},[2048,123411,123412],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":123414},[123415,123416,123418,123419,123425,123427,123429,123431,123440,123441,123442,123443,123455],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":121836,"depth":69,"text":123417},"What str() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":122003,"depth":69,"text":122004,"children":123420},[123421,123422,123423,123424],{"id":122007,"depth":81,"text":122008},{"id":122093,"depth":81,"text":122094},{"id":122180,"depth":81,"text":122181},{"id":122266,"depth":81,"text":122267},{"id":122382,"depth":69,"text":123426},"When to use str()",{"id":122510,"depth":69,"text":123428},"str() vs print()",{"id":122679,"depth":69,"text":123430},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":123432},[123433,123435,123436,123438],{"id":122717,"depth":81,"text":123434},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122852,"depth":81,"text":122853},{"id":122914,"depth":81,"text":123437},"Using str() too early",{"id":122972,"depth":81,"text":123439},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":113844,"depth":69,"text":113845},{"id":123213,"depth":69,"text":123214},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":123444},[123445,123447,123449,123451,123453],{"id":123315,"depth":81,"text":123446},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123323,"depth":81,"text":123448},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123332,"depth":81,"text":123450},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123341,"depth":81,"text":123452},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123350,"depth":81,"text":123454},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42313,"description":123456},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123463,"title":123464,"body":123465,"description":124916,"extension":2084,"meta":124917,"navigation":84,"path":124918,"seo":124919,"stem":124920,"__hash__":124921},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123466,"toc":124878},[123467,123472,123477,123480,123502,123504,123566,123568,123581,123587,123592,123597,123599,123612,123623,123625,123652,123654,123671,123678,123689,123691,123696,123698,123710,123718,123727,123729,123732,123785,123787,123795,123803,123807,123812,123852,123854,123862,123865,123867,123907,123909,123917,123927,123933,123936,124009,124011,124024,124028,124033,124061,124064,124099,124101,124109,124112,124116,124120,124122,124138,124140,124180,124182,124190,124199,124242,124244,124252,124254,124258,124264,124267,124307,124309,124317,124322,124325,124368,124372,124375,124410,124415,124417,124456,124466,124474,124484,124492,124496,124501,124503,124544,124546,124554,124559,124562,124565,124583,124589,124593,124598,124601,124641,124643,124648,124747,124750,124766,124768,124787,124789,124796,124799,124805,124808,124814,124818,124824,124827,124833,124836,124838,124875],[10,123468,13,123470,18],{"id":123469},"python-string-count-method",[15,123471,57421],{},[20,123473,22,123474,123476],{},[15,123475,57421],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123478,123479],{},"This reference page explains:",[218,123481,123482,123486,123489,123491,123499],{},[221,123483,26154,123484,3805],{},[15,123485,57421],{},[221,123487,123488],{},"its syntax",[221,123490,35530],{},[221,123492,123493,123494,536,123496,123498],{},"how ",[15,123495,36209],{},[15,123497,52790],{}," work",[221,123500,123501],{},"common beginner mistakes",[30,123503,33],{"id":32},[35,123505,123507],{"className":37,"code":123506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123508,123509,123521,123543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123510,123511,123513,123515,123517,123519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123512,248],{"class":50},[44,123514,55],{"class":54},[44,123516,59],{"class":58},[44,123518,4216],{"class":62},[44,123520,66],{"class":58},[44,123522,123523,123525,123527,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539,123541],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123524,142],{"class":141},[44,123526,123],{"class":115},[44,123528,308],{"class":119},[44,123530,116],{"class":115},[44,123532,41397],{"class":119},[44,123534,123],{"class":115},[44,123536,112],{"class":58},[44,123538,200],{"class":62},[44,123540,112],{"class":58},[44,123542,567],{"class":115},[44,123544,123545,123547,123549,123551,123553,123555,123557,123559,123562,123564],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,123546,142],{"class":141},[44,123548,123],{"class":115},[44,123550,308],{"class":119},[44,123552,116],{"class":115},[44,123554,41397],{"class":119},[44,123556,123],{"class":115},[44,123558,112],{"class":58},[44,123560,123561],{"class":62},"na",[44,123563,112],{"class":58},[44,123565,567],{"class":115},[20,123567,155],{},[35,123569,123571],{"className":37,"code":123570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,123572,123573,123577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123574,123575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123576,46748],{"class":77},[44,123578,123579],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123580,17194],{"class":77},[20,123582,189,123583,123586],{},[15,123584,123585],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[30,123588,207,123590,210],{"id":123589},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123591,57421],{},[20,123593,123594,123596],{},[15,123595,57421],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123598,13189],{},[218,123600,123601,123604,123607,123609],{},[221,123602,123603],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[221,123605,123606],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[221,123608,43792],{},[221,123610,123611],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123613,123614,123615,123617,123618,2310,123620,123622],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123616,18233],{}," characters are in ",[15,123619,65407],{},[15,123621,57421],{}," is a simple choice.",[30,123624,351],{"id":350},[35,123626,123628],{"className":37,"code":123627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123629,123630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123631,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648,123650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123633,61306],{"class":50},[44,123635,116],{"class":115},[44,123637,41397],{"class":119},[44,123639,123],{"class":115},[44,123641,379],{"class":119},[44,123643,129],{"class":115},[44,123645,36188],{"class":119},[44,123647,129],{"class":115},[44,123649,65173],{"class":119},[44,123651,135],{"class":115},[1474,123653,17533],{"id":17532},[218,123655,123656,123661,123666],{},[221,123657,123658,123660],{},[15,123659,379],{},": the text to search for",[221,123662,123663,123665],{},[15,123664,36209],{},": optional; where counting begins",[221,123667,123668,123670],{},[15,123669,52790],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123672,123673,536,123675,123677],{},[15,123674,36209],{},[15,123676,52790],{}," work like slice positions:",[218,123679,123680,123685],{},[221,123681,123682,123684],{},[15,123683,36209],{}," is included",[221,123686,123687,75872],{},[15,123688,52790],{},[30,123690,1219],{"id":1218},[20,123692,123693,123695],{},[15,123694,57421],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123697,2246],{},[218,123699,123700,123705],{},[221,123701,123702,123703],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123704,2183],{},[221,123706,123707,123708],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123709,2240],{},[20,123711,41043,123712,5293,123714,3000,123716,116],{},[153,123713,4761],{},[15,123715,3724],{},[15,123717,3798],{},[20,123719,123720,123721,123726],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[200,123722,123724,101719],{"href":123723},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123725,887],{}," is often a better fit.",[30,123728,11615],{"id":11614},[20,123730,123731],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,123733,123735],{"className":37,"code":123734,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123736,123737,123749,123771,123775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123738,123739,123741,123743,123745,123747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123740,248],{"class":50},[44,123742,55],{"class":54},[44,123744,59],{"class":58},[44,123746,4207],{"class":62},[44,123748,66],{"class":58},[44,123750,123751,123753,123755,123757,123759,123761,123763,123765,123767,123769],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123752,2351],{"class":50},[44,123754,55],{"class":54},[44,123756,269],{"class":50},[44,123758,116],{"class":115},[44,123760,41397],{"class":119},[44,123762,123],{"class":115},[44,123764,112],{"class":58},[44,123766,20],{"class":62},[44,123768,112],{"class":58},[44,123770,135],{"class":115},[44,123772,123773],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,123774,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,123776,123777,123779,123781,123783],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,123778,142],{"class":141},[44,123780,123],{"class":115},[44,123782,2386],{"class":119},[44,123784,135],{"class":115},[20,123786,155],{},[35,123788,123789],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123790,123791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123792,123793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123794,17194],{"class":77},[20,123796,63952,123797,123800,123801,116],{},[15,123798,123799],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123802,57964],{},[30,123804,123806],{"id":123805},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123808,123809,123811],{},[15,123810,57421],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,123813,123815],{"className":37,"code":123814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123816,123817,123830],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123818,123819,123821,123823,123825,123828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123820,248],{"class":50},[44,123822,55],{"class":54},[44,123824,59],{"class":58},[44,123826,123827],{"class":62},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,123829,66],{"class":58},[44,123831,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123833,142],{"class":141},[44,123835,123],{"class":115},[44,123837,308],{"class":119},[44,123839,116],{"class":115},[44,123841,41397],{"class":119},[44,123843,123],{"class":115},[44,123845,112],{"class":58},[44,123847,417],{"class":62},[44,123849,112],{"class":58},[44,123851,567],{"class":115},[20,123853,155],{},[35,123855,123856],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123857,123858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123859,123860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123861,46748],{"class":77},[20,123863,123864],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123866,238],{},[35,123868,123870],{"className":37,"code":123869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123871,123872,123885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123873,123874,123876,123878,123880,123883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123875,248],{"class":50},[44,123877,55],{"class":54},[44,123879,59],{"class":58},[44,123881,123882],{"class":62},"one One one",[44,123884,66],{"class":58},[44,123886,123887,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901,123903,123905],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123888,142],{"class":141},[44,123890,123],{"class":115},[44,123892,308],{"class":119},[44,123894,116],{"class":115},[44,123896,41397],{"class":119},[44,123898,123],{"class":115},[44,123900,112],{"class":58},[44,123902,729],{"class":62},[44,123904,112],{"class":58},[44,123906,567],{"class":115},[20,123908,155],{},[35,123910,123911],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123912,123913],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123914,123915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123916,17194],{"class":77},[20,123918,123919,123920,123923,123924,123926],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123921,123922],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123925,57421],{}," is case-sensitive.",[30,123928,8556,123929,536,123931],{"id":65539},[15,123930,36209],{},[15,123932,52790],{},[20,123934,123935],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,123937,123939],{"className":37,"code":123938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123940,123941,123953,123979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123942,123943,123945,123947,123949,123951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123944,248],{"class":50},[44,123946,55],{"class":54},[44,123948,59],{"class":58},[44,123950,4216],{"class":62},[44,123952,66],{"class":58},[44,123954,123955,123957,123959,123961,123963,123965,123967,123969,123971,123973,123975,123977],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,123956,142],{"class":141},[44,123958,123],{"class":115},[44,123960,308],{"class":119},[44,123962,116],{"class":115},[44,123964,41397],{"class":119},[44,123966,123],{"class":115},[44,123968,112],{"class":58},[44,123970,200],{"class":62},[44,123972,112],{"class":58},[44,123974,129],{"class":115},[44,123976,3116],{"class":77},[44,123978,567],{"class":115},[44,123980,123981,123983,123985,123987,123989,123991,123993,123995,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,123982,142],{"class":141},[44,123984,123],{"class":115},[44,123986,308],{"class":119},[44,123988,116],{"class":115},[44,123990,41397],{"class":119},[44,123992,123],{"class":115},[44,123994,112],{"class":58},[44,123996,200],{"class":62},[44,123998,112],{"class":58},[44,124000,129],{"class":115},[44,124002,3116],{"class":77},[44,124004,129],{"class":115},[44,124006,4735],{"class":77},[44,124008,567],{"class":115},[20,124010,155],{},[35,124012,124014],{"className":37,"code":124013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,124015,124016,124020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124017,124018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124019,17194],{"class":77},[44,124021,124022],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124023,47048],{"class":77},[1474,124025,124027],{"id":124026},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,124029,124030,124031,790],{},"In ",[15,124032,65407],{},[218,124034,124035,124043,124051],{},[221,124036,71096,124037,124039,124040],{},[15,124038,2177],{}," starts at the first ",[15,124041,124042],{},"\"n\"",[221,124044,124045,124048,124049,76170],{},[15,124046,124047],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124050,2177],{},[221,124052,124053,124048,124056,124058,124059],{},[15,124054,124055],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124057,2177],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124060,2257],{},[20,124062,124063],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,124065,124067],{"className":37,"code":124066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124068,124069,124081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124070,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124072,248],{"class":50},[44,124074,55],{"class":54},[44,124076,59],{"class":58},[44,124078,4216],{"class":62},[44,124080,66],{"class":58},[44,124082,124083,124085,124087,124089,124091,124093,124095,124097],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124084,142],{"class":141},[44,124086,123],{"class":115},[44,124088,308],{"class":119},[44,124090,4027],{"class":115},[44,124092,2177],{"class":77},[44,124094,790],{"class":115},[44,124096,2257],{"class":77},[44,124098,4015],{"class":115},[20,124100,155],{},[35,124102,124103],{"className":37,"code":41606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124104,124105],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124106,124107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124108,41606],{"class":50},[20,124110,124111],{},"Only that section is searched.",[30,124113,124115],{"id":124114},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124117,124118,123926],{},[15,124119,57421],{},[20,124121,2227],{},[218,124123,124124,124132],{},[221,124125,124126,536,124128,124131],{},[15,124127,18233],{},[15,124129,124130],{},"\"A\""," are different",[221,124133,124134,536,124136,124131],{},[15,124135,64667],{},[15,124137,90538],{},[20,124139,238],{},[35,124141,124143],{"className":37,"code":124142,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124144,124145,124158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124146,124147,124149,124151,124153,124156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124148,248],{"class":50},[44,124150,55],{"class":54},[44,124152,59],{"class":58},[44,124154,124155],{"class":62},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,124157,66],{"class":58},[44,124159,124160,124162,124164,124166,124168,124170,124172,124174,124176,124178],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124161,142],{"class":141},[44,124163,123],{"class":115},[44,124165,308],{"class":119},[44,124167,116],{"class":115},[44,124169,41397],{"class":119},[44,124171,123],{"class":115},[44,124173,112],{"class":58},[44,124175,4207],{"class":62},[44,124177,112],{"class":58},[44,124179,567],{"class":115},[20,124181,155],{},[35,124183,124184],{"className":37,"code":47048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124185,124186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124187,124188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124189,47048],{"class":77},[20,124191,124192,124193,790],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[200,124194,124196],{"href":124195},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124197,124198],{},"lower()",[35,124200,124202],{"className":37,"code":124201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124203,124204,124216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124205,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124207,248],{"class":50},[44,124209,55],{"class":54},[44,124211,59],{"class":58},[44,124213,124155],{"class":62},[44,124215,66],{"class":58},[44,124217,124218,124220,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238,124240],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124219,142],{"class":141},[44,124221,123],{"class":115},[44,124223,308],{"class":119},[44,124225,116],{"class":115},[44,124227,8779],{"class":119},[44,124229,8776],{"class":115},[44,124231,41397],{"class":119},[44,124233,123],{"class":115},[44,124235,112],{"class":58},[44,124237,4207],{"class":62},[44,124239,112],{"class":58},[44,124241,567],{"class":115},[20,124243,155],{},[35,124245,124246],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124247,124248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124249,124250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124251,46748],{"class":77},[30,124253,1467],{"id":1466},[20,124255,23230,124256,116],{},[15,124257,57421],{},[1474,124259,1707,124261,124263],{"id":124260},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124262,57421],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124265,124266],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,124268,124270],{"className":37,"code":124269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124271,124272,124285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124273,124274,124276,124278,124280,124283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124275,248],{"class":50},[44,124277,55],{"class":54},[44,124279,59],{"class":58},[44,124281,124282],{"class":62},"Aardvark",[44,124284,66],{"class":58},[44,124286,124287,124289,124291,124293,124295,124297,124299,124301,124303,124305],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124288,142],{"class":141},[44,124290,123],{"class":115},[44,124292,308],{"class":119},[44,124294,116],{"class":115},[44,124296,41397],{"class":119},[44,124298,123],{"class":115},[44,124300,112],{"class":58},[44,124302,200],{"class":62},[44,124304,112],{"class":58},[44,124306,567],{"class":115},[20,124308,155],{},[35,124310,124311],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124312,124313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124314,124315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124316,17194],{"class":77},[20,124318,123919,124319,124321],{},[15,124320,124130],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124323,124324],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,124326,124328],{"className":37,"code":124327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124329,124330,124342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124331,124332,124334,124336,124338,124340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124333,248],{"class":50},[44,124335,55],{"class":54},[44,124337,59],{"class":58},[44,124339,124282],{"class":62},[44,124341,66],{"class":58},[44,124343,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352,124354,124356,124358,124360,124362,124364,124366],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124345,142],{"class":141},[44,124347,123],{"class":115},[44,124349,308],{"class":119},[44,124351,116],{"class":115},[44,124353,8779],{"class":119},[44,124355,8776],{"class":115},[44,124357,41397],{"class":119},[44,124359,123],{"class":115},[44,124361,112],{"class":58},[44,124363,200],{"class":62},[44,124365,112],{"class":58},[44,124367,567],{"class":115},[1474,124369,124371],{"id":124370},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124373,124374],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,124376,124378],{"className":37,"code":124377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124379,124380,124392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124381,124382,124384,124386,124388,124390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124383,248],{"class":50},[44,124385,55],{"class":54},[44,124387,59],{"class":58},[44,124389,4216],{"class":62},[44,124391,66],{"class":58},[44,124393,124394,124396,124398,124400,124402,124404,124406,124408],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124395,142],{"class":141},[44,124397,123],{"class":115},[44,124399,308],{"class":119},[44,124401,116],{"class":115},[44,124403,41397],{"class":119},[44,124405,123],{"class":115},[44,124407,200],{"class":119},[44,124409,567],{"class":115},[20,124411,124412,124413,116],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124414,200],{},[20,124416,10947],{},[35,124418,124420],{"className":37,"code":124419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124421,124422,124434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124423,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124425,248],{"class":50},[44,124427,55],{"class":54},[44,124429,59],{"class":58},[44,124431,4216],{"class":62},[44,124433,66],{"class":58},[44,124435,124436,124438,124440,124442,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452,124454],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124437,142],{"class":141},[44,124439,123],{"class":115},[44,124441,308],{"class":119},[44,124443,116],{"class":115},[44,124445,41397],{"class":119},[44,124447,123],{"class":115},[44,124449,112],{"class":58},[44,124451,200],{"class":62},[44,124453,112],{"class":58},[44,124455,567],{"class":115},[1474,124457,37341,124459,8844,124461,3000,124464],{"id":124458},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124460,57421],{},[15,124462,124463],{},"find()",[15,124465,59099],{},[20,124467,189,124468,124470,124471,116],{},[15,124469,57421],{}," when you need the ",[153,124472,124473],{},"number of matches",[20,124475,189,124476,124470,124481,124483],{},[200,124477,124479],{"href":124478},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124480,124463],{},[153,124482,65079],{}," of the first match.",[20,124485,189,124486,124491],{},[200,124487,124489],{"href":124488},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124490,59099],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1474,124493,124495],{"id":124494},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124497,124498,124500],{},[15,124499,57421],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124502,238],{},[35,124504,124506],{"className":37,"code":124505,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124507,124508,124521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124509,124510,124512,124514,124516,124519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124511,248],{"class":50},[44,124513,55],{"class":54},[44,124515,59],{"class":58},[44,124517,124518],{"class":62},"aaaa",[44,124520,66],{"class":58},[44,124522,124523,124525,124527,124529,124531,124533,124535,124537,124540,124542],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124524,142],{"class":141},[44,124526,123],{"class":115},[44,124528,308],{"class":119},[44,124530,116],{"class":115},[44,124532,41397],{"class":119},[44,124534,123],{"class":115},[44,124536,112],{"class":58},[44,124538,124539],{"class":62},"aa",[44,124541,112],{"class":58},[44,124543,567],{"class":115},[20,124545,155],{},[35,124547,124548],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124549,124550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124551,124552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124553,17194],{"class":77},[20,124555,124556,124557,116],{},"It does not return ",[15,124558,2183],{},[20,124560,124561],{},"Why not?",[20,124563,124564],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[218,124566,124567,124576],{},[221,124568,124569,124572,124573],{},[15,124570,124571],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124574,124575],{},"0-1",[221,124577,124578,124572,124580],{},[15,124579,124571],{},[15,124581,124582],{},"2-3",[20,124584,124585,124586,116],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124587,124588],{},"1-2",[30,124590,5092,124591],{"id":58504},[15,124592,57421],{},[20,124594,189,124595,124597],{},[15,124596,57421],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124599,124600],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[218,124602,124603,124612,124622,124632],{},[221,124604,189,124605,124607,124608,124611],{},[15,124606,57421],{}," when you need ",[153,124609,124610],{},"how many times"," something appears",[221,124613,189,124614,124607,124618,124621],{},[200,124615,124616],{"href":124478},[15,124617,124463],{},[153,124619,124620],{},"where"," it appears",[221,124623,47941,124624,124628,124629],{},[200,124625,124626,101719],{"href":123723},[15,124627,887],{}," when you only need to know ",[153,124630,124631],{},"if it exists",[221,124633,189,124634,124640],{},[200,124635,124637],{"href":124636},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124638,124639],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[30,124642,26077],{"id":26076},[20,124644,9015,124645,124647],{},[15,124646,57421],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,124649,124651],{"className":37,"code":124650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124652,124653,124663,124677,124699,124725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124654,124655,124657,124659,124661],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124656,142],{"class":141},[44,124658,123],{"class":115},[44,124660,308],{"class":119},[44,124662,135],{"class":115},[44,124664,124665,124667,124669,124671,124673,124675],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124666,142],{"class":141},[44,124668,123],{"class":115},[44,124670,1297],{"class":1296},[44,124672,123],{"class":115},[44,124674,308],{"class":119},[44,124676,567],{"class":115},[44,124678,124679,124681,124683,124685,124687,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,124680,142],{"class":141},[44,124682,123],{"class":115},[44,124684,308],{"class":119},[44,124686,116],{"class":115},[44,124688,41397],{"class":119},[44,124690,123],{"class":115},[44,124692,112],{"class":58},[44,124694,200],{"class":62},[44,124696,112],{"class":58},[44,124698,567],{"class":115},[44,124700,124701,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711,124713,124715,124717,124719,124721,124723],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,124702,142],{"class":141},[44,124704,123],{"class":115},[44,124706,308],{"class":119},[44,124708,116],{"class":115},[44,124710,8779],{"class":119},[44,124712,8776],{"class":115},[44,124714,41397],{"class":119},[44,124716,123],{"class":115},[44,124718,112],{"class":58},[44,124720,200],{"class":62},[44,124722,112],{"class":58},[44,124724,567],{"class":115},[44,124726,124727,124729,124731,124733,124735,124737,124739,124741,124743,124745],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,124728,142],{"class":141},[44,124730,123],{"class":115},[44,124732,308],{"class":119},[44,124734,116],{"class":115},[44,124736,41397],{"class":119},[44,124738,123],{"class":115},[44,124740,112],{"class":58},[44,124742,123561],{"class":62},[44,124744,112],{"class":58},[44,124746,567],{"class":115},[20,124748,124749],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[218,124751,124752,124755,124760,124763],{},[221,124753,124754],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[221,124756,124757,124759],{},[15,124758,308],{}," not being a string",[221,124761,124762],{},"counting the wrong substring",[221,124764,124765],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124767,58993],{},[218,124769,124770,124773,124776,124779],{},[221,124771,124772],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[221,124774,124775],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[221,124777,124778],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[221,124780,50622,124781,44764,124783,3000,124785,73442],{},[15,124782,57421],{},[15,124784,124463],{},[15,124786,887],{},[30,124788,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,124790,124792,124793,124795],{"id":124791},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124794,57421],{}," change the original string?",[20,124797,124798],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1474,124800,2006,124802,124804],{"id":124801},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124803,57421],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124806,124807],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1474,124809,5274,124811,124813],{"id":124810},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124812,57421],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124815,5280,124816,116],{},[15,124817,2240],{},[1474,124819,5302,124821,124823],{"id":124820},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124822,57421],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124825,124826],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1474,124828,12844,124830,124832],{"id":124829},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124831,57421],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124834,124835],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[30,124837,2019],{"id":2018},[218,124839,124840,124847,124854,124861,124868],{},[221,124841,124842],{},[200,124843,124844],{"href":124478},[15,124845,124846],{},"Python string find() method",[221,124848,124849],{},[200,124850,124851],{"href":124488},[15,124852,124853],{},"Python string index() method",[221,124855,124856],{},[200,124857,124858],{"href":124195},[15,124859,124860],{},"Python string lower() method",[221,124862,124863],{},[200,124864,124865],{"href":123723},[15,124866,124867],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[221,124869,124870],{},[200,124871,124872],{"href":124636},[15,124873,124874],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2048,124876,124877],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":124879},[124880,124881,124883,124886,124887,124888,124889,124892,124893,124901,124902,124903,124915],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":123589,"depth":69,"text":124882},"What the count() method does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":124884},[124885],{"id":17532,"depth":81,"text":17533},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":123805,"depth":69,"text":123806},{"id":65539,"depth":69,"text":66322,"children":124890},[124891],{"id":124026,"depth":81,"text":124027},{"id":124114,"depth":69,"text":124115},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":124894},[124895,124897,124898,124900],{"id":124260,"depth":81,"text":124896},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124370,"depth":81,"text":124371},{"id":124458,"depth":81,"text":124899},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124494,"depth":81,"text":124495},{"id":58504,"depth":69,"text":59135},{"id":26076,"depth":69,"text":26077},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":124904},[124905,124907,124909,124911,124913],{"id":124791,"depth":81,"text":124906},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124801,"depth":81,"text":124908},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124810,"depth":81,"text":124910},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124820,"depth":81,"text":124912},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124829,"depth":81,"text":124914},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123464,"description":124916},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124923,"title":124924,"body":124925,"description":126507,"extension":2084,"meta":126508,"navigation":84,"path":126509,"seo":126510,"stem":126511,"__hash__":126512},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124926,"toc":126480},[124927,124930,124933,125030,125039,125041,125060,125064,125067,125070,125083,125086,125115,125120,125125,125183,125185,125218,125222,125226,125229,125232,125261,125264,125291,125294,125297,125301,125304,125311,125374,125376,125394,125397,125401,125404,125407,125449,125452,125496,125499,125502,125506,125511,125514,125557,125559,125582,125585,125618,125621,125670,125680,125684,125687,125690,125719,125722,125733,125735,125794,125797,125801,125804,125807,125822,125831,125834,125868,125871,125898,125901,125908,125910,125913,125915,125918,125932,125941,125943,125970,125974,125977,125991,125994,126053,126057,126060,126087,126090,126117,126125,126128,126188,126190,126223,126227,126230,126249,126254,126303,126308,126310,126313,126372,126390,126392,126396,126404,126408,126411,126415,126421,126425,126435,126439,126442,126444,126477],[10,124928,124924],{"id":124929},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124931,124932],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,124934,124936],{"className":37,"code":124935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124937,124938,124950,124962,124971,124985,124989,124999,125009,125020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124939,124940,124942,124944,124946,124948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124941,51],{"class":50},[44,124943,55],{"class":54},[44,124945,59],{"class":58},[44,124947,5135],{"class":62},[44,124949,66],{"class":58},[44,124951,124952,124954,124956,124958,124960],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,124953,91],{"class":50},[44,124955,55],{"class":54},[44,124957,1332],{"class":58},[44,124959,324],{"class":62},[44,124961,29836],{"class":58},[44,124963,124964,124967,124969],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,124965,124966],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,124968,55],{"class":54},[44,124970,8019],{"class":58},[44,124972,124973,124975,124977,124979,124981,124983],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,124974,248],{"class":50},[44,124976,55],{"class":54},[44,124978,49035],{"class":1296},[44,124980,123],{"class":115},[44,124982,50376],{"class":77},[44,124984,135],{"class":115},[44,124986,124987],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,124988,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,124990,124991,124993,124995,124997],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,124992,142],{"class":141},[44,124994,123],{"class":115},[44,124996,126],{"class":119},[44,124998,135],{"class":115},[44,125000,125001,125003,125005,125007],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,125002,142],{"class":141},[44,125004,123],{"class":115},[44,125006,147],{"class":119},[44,125008,135],{"class":115},[44,125010,125011,125013,125015,125018],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,125012,142],{"class":141},[44,125014,123],{"class":115},[44,125016,125017],{"class":119},"empty",[44,125019,135],{"class":115},[44,125021,125022,125024,125026,125028],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,125023,142],{"class":141},[44,125025,123],{"class":115},[44,125027,308],{"class":119},[44,125029,135],{"class":115},[20,125031,125032,125035,125036,125038],{},[153,125033,125034],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,125037,1016],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[30,125040,15300],{"id":15299},[218,125042,125043,125046,125049,125052,125057],{},[221,125044,125045],{},"What a string is in Python",[221,125047,125048],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[221,125050,125051],{},"How to create an empty string",[221,125053,125054,125055],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125056,1016],{},[221,125058,125059],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[30,125061,125063],{"id":125062},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125065,125066],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125068,125069],{},"Strings can contain:",[218,125071,125072,125075,125077,125080],{},[221,125073,125074],{},"Letters",[221,125076,56592],{},[221,125078,125079],{},"Spaces",[221,125081,125082],{},"Symbols",[20,125084,125085],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,125087,125089],{"className":37,"code":125088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125090,125091,125099,125107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125092,125093,125095,125097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125094,112],{"class":364},[44,125096,3971],{"class":367},[44,125098,66],{"class":364},[44,125100,125101,125103,125105],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125102,112],{"class":364},[44,125104,50376],{"class":367},[44,125106,66],{"class":364},[44,125108,125109,125111,125113],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,125110,112],{"class":364},[44,125112,89276],{"class":367},[44,125114,66],{"class":364},[20,125116,21115,125117,125119],{},[15,125118,50426],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125121,125122,125123,790],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125124,2423],{},[35,125126,125128],{"className":37,"code":125127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125129,125130,125142,125151,125155,125169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125131,125132,125134,125136,125138,125140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125133,248],{"class":50},[44,125135,55],{"class":54},[44,125137,59],{"class":58},[44,125139,50376],{"class":62},[44,125141,66],{"class":58},[44,125143,125144,125146,125148],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125145,2338],{"class":50},[44,125147,55],{"class":54},[44,125149,125150],{"class":77}," 123\n",[44,125152,125153],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,125154,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,125156,125157,125159,125161,125163,125165,125167],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,125158,142],{"class":141},[44,125160,123],{"class":115},[44,125162,1297],{"class":1296},[44,125164,123],{"class":115},[44,125166,308],{"class":119},[44,125168,567],{"class":115},[44,125170,125171,125173,125175,125177,125179,125181],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,125172,142],{"class":141},[44,125174,123],{"class":115},[44,125176,1297],{"class":1296},[44,125178,123],{"class":115},[44,125180,2361],{"class":119},[44,125182,567],{"class":115},[20,125184,155],{},[35,125186,125188],{"className":37,"code":125187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125189,125190,125204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125191,125192,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125193,1326],{"class":54},[44,125195,1329],{"class":1075},[44,125197,1332],{"class":58},[44,125199,1335],{"class":62},[44,125201,1338],{"class":58},[44,125203,1341],{"class":54},[44,125205,125206,125208,125210,125212,125214,125216],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125207,1326],{"class":54},[44,125209,1329],{"class":1075},[44,125211,1332],{"class":58},[44,125213,2309],{"class":62},[44,125215,1338],{"class":58},[44,125217,1341],{"class":54},[20,125219,198,125220,116],{},[200,125221,203],{"href":202},[30,125223,125225],{"id":125224},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125227,125228],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125230,125231],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,125233,125235],{"className":37,"code":125234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125236,125237,125250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125238,125239,125242,125244,125246,125248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125240,125241],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,125243,55],{"class":54},[44,125245,1332],{"class":58},[44,125247,3971],{"class":62},[44,125249,29836],{"class":58},[44,125251,125252,125254,125256,125259],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125253,142],{"class":141},[44,125255,123],{"class":115},[44,125257,125258],{"class":119},"greeting",[44,125260,135],{"class":115},[20,125262,125263],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,125265,125267],{"className":37,"code":125266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125268,125269,125281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125270,125271,125273,125275,125277,125279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125272,125241],{"class":50},[44,125274,55],{"class":54},[44,125276,59],{"class":58},[44,125278,3971],{"class":62},[44,125280,66],{"class":58},[44,125282,125283,125285,125287,125289],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125284,142],{"class":141},[44,125286,123],{"class":115},[44,125288,125258],{"class":119},[44,125290,135],{"class":115},[20,125292,125293],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125295,125296],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[30,125298,125300],{"id":125299},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125302,125303],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125305,125306,125307,3000,125309,790],{},"Use either ",[15,125308,6408],{},[15,125310,3899],{},[35,125312,125314],{"className":37,"code":125313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125315,125316,125325,125334,125338,125349,125360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125317,125318,125321,125323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125319,125320],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,125322,55],{"class":54},[44,125324,8019],{"class":58},[44,125326,125327,125330,125332],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125328,125329],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,125331,55],{"class":54},[44,125333,47627],{"class":58},[44,125335,125336],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,125337,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,125339,125340,125342,125344,125347],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,125341,142],{"class":141},[44,125343,123],{"class":115},[44,125345,125346],{"class":119},"empty1",[44,125348,135],{"class":115},[44,125350,125351,125353,125355,125358],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,125352,142],{"class":141},[44,125354,123],{"class":115},[44,125356,125357],{"class":119},"empty2",[44,125359,135],{"class":115},[44,125361,125362,125364,125366,125368,125370,125372],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,125363,142],{"class":141},[44,125365,123],{"class":115},[44,125367,1297],{"class":1296},[44,125369,123],{"class":115},[44,125371,125346],{"class":119},[44,125373,567],{"class":115},[20,125375,155],{},[35,125377,125378],{"className":37,"code":45904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,125379,125380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125381,125382,125384,125386,125388,125390,125392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125383,1326],{"class":54},[44,125385,1329],{"class":1075},[44,125387,1332],{"class":58},[44,125389,1335],{"class":62},[44,125391,1338],{"class":58},[44,125393,1341],{"class":54},[20,125395,125396],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[30,125398,125400],{"id":125399},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125402,125403],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125405,125406],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,125408,125410],{"className":37,"code":125409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125411,125412,125423,125428,125435,125439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125413,125414,125416,125418,125421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125415,91],{"class":50},[44,125417,55],{"class":54},[44,125419,125420],{"class":58}," \"\"\"",[44,125422,89076],{"class":62},[44,125424,125425],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125426,125427],{"class":62},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,125429,125430,125433],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,125431,125432],{"class":62},"Have a nice day",[44,125434,43471],{"class":58},[44,125436,125437],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,125438,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,125440,125441,125443,125445,125447],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,125442,142],{"class":141},[44,125444,123],{"class":115},[44,125446,147],{"class":119},[44,125448,135],{"class":115},[20,125450,125451],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,125453,125455],{"className":37,"code":125454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125456,125457,125469,125474,125482,125486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125458,125459,125461,125463,125466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125460,91],{"class":50},[44,125462,55],{"class":54},[44,125464,125465],{"class":58}," '''",[44,125467,125468],{"class":62},"Line 1\n",[44,125470,125471],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125472,125473],{"class":62},"Line 2\n",[44,125475,125476,125479],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,125477,125478],{"class":62},"Line 3",[44,125480,125481],{"class":58},"'''\n",[44,125483,125484],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,125485,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,125487,125488,125490,125492,125494],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,125489,142],{"class":141},[44,125491,123],{"class":115},[44,125493,147],{"class":119},[44,125495,135],{"class":115},[20,125497,125498],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125500,125501],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[30,125503,125505],{"id":125504},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125507,213,125508,125510],{},[15,125509,1016],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125512,125513],{},"Example with a number:",[35,125515,125517],{"className":37,"code":125516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125518,125519,125533,125543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125520,125521,125523,125525,125527,125529,125531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125522,248],{"class":50},[44,125524,55],{"class":54},[44,125526,49035],{"class":1296},[44,125528,123],{"class":115},[44,125530,46657],{"class":77},[44,125532,135],{"class":115},[44,125534,125535,125537,125539,125541],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125536,142],{"class":141},[44,125538,123],{"class":115},[44,125540,308],{"class":119},[44,125542,135],{"class":115},[44,125544,125545,125547,125549,125551,125553,125555],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,125546,142],{"class":141},[44,125548,123],{"class":115},[44,125550,1297],{"class":1296},[44,125552,123],{"class":115},[44,125554,308],{"class":119},[44,125556,567],{"class":115},[20,125558,155],{},[35,125560,125562],{"className":37,"code":125561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125563,125564,125568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125565,125566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125567,46743],{"class":77},[44,125569,125570,125572,125574,125576,125578,125580],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125571,1326],{"class":54},[44,125573,1329],{"class":1075},[44,125575,1332],{"class":58},[44,125577,1335],{"class":62},[44,125579,1338],{"class":58},[44,125581,1341],{"class":54},[20,125583,125584],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,125586,125588],{"className":37,"code":125587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125589,125590,125604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125591,125592,125594,125596,125598,125600,125602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125593,142],{"class":141},[44,125595,123],{"class":115},[44,125597,1335],{"class":1296},[44,125599,123],{"class":115},[44,125601,3724],{"class":3978},[44,125603,567],{"class":115},[44,125605,125606,125608,125610,125612,125614,125616],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125607,142],{"class":141},[44,125609,123],{"class":115},[44,125611,1335],{"class":1296},[44,125613,123],{"class":115},[44,125615,40281],{"class":77},[44,125617,567],{"class":115},[20,125619,125620],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,125622,125624],{"className":37,"code":125623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125625,125626,125634,125656,125660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125627,125628,125630,125632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125629,72],{"class":50},[44,125631,55],{"class":54},[44,125633,45359],{"class":77},[44,125635,125636,125638,125640,125642,125644,125646,125648,125650,125652,125654],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125637,91],{"class":50},[44,125639,55],{"class":54},[44,125641,59],{"class":58},[44,125643,89552],{"class":62},[44,125645,112],{"class":58},[44,125647,2576],{"class":54},[44,125649,49035],{"class":1296},[44,125651,123],{"class":115},[44,125653,9437],{"class":119},[44,125655,135],{"class":115},[44,125657,125658],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,125659,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,125661,125662,125664,125666,125668],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,125663,142],{"class":141},[44,125665,123],{"class":115},[44,125667,147],{"class":119},[44,125669,135],{"class":115},[20,125671,125672,125673,3000,125677,116],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[200,125674,1013,125675,1017],{"href":1012},[15,125676,1016],{},[200,125678,125679],{"href":123395},"how to convert int to string in Python",[30,125681,125683],{"id":125682},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125685,125686],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125688,125689],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,125691,125693],{"className":37,"code":125692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125694,125695,125707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125696,125697,125699,125701,125703,125705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125698,2676],{"class":50},[44,125700,55],{"class":54},[44,125702,1332],{"class":58},[44,125704,7435],{"class":62},[44,125706,29836],{"class":58},[44,125708,125709,125711,125713,125715,125717],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125710,2704],{"class":50},[44,125712,55],{"class":54},[44,125714,59],{"class":58},[44,125716,7435],{"class":62},[44,125718,66],{"class":58},[20,125720,125721],{},"A common rule is:",[218,125723,125724,125727,125730],{},[221,125725,125726],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[221,125728,125729],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[221,125731,125732],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125734,238],{},[35,125736,125738],{"className":37,"code":125737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125739,125740,125754,125768,125772,125783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125741,125742,125745,125747,125749,125752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125743,125744],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,125746,55],{"class":54},[44,125748,59],{"class":58},[44,125750,125751],{"class":62},"It's working",[44,125753,66],{"class":58},[44,125755,125756,125759,125761,125763,125766],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125757,125758],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,125760,55],{"class":54},[44,125762,1332],{"class":58},[44,125764,125765],{"class":62},"She said \"hello\"",[44,125767,29836],{"class":58},[44,125769,125770],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,125771,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,125773,125774,125776,125778,125781],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,125775,142],{"class":141},[44,125777,123],{"class":115},[44,125779,125780],{"class":119},"text1",[44,125782,135],{"class":115},[44,125784,125785,125787,125789,125792],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,125786,142],{"class":141},[44,125788,123],{"class":115},[44,125790,125791],{"class":119},"text2",[44,125793,135],{"class":115},[20,125795,125796],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[30,125798,125800],{"id":125799},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125802,125803],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125805,125806],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,125808,125810],{"className":37,"code":125809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125811,125812,125817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125813,125814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125815,125816],{"class":3787},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,125818,125819],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125820,125821],{"class":3787},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125823,125824,125825,35465,125827,125830],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125826,1338],{},[15,125828,125829],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125832,125833],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,125835,125837],{"className":37,"code":125836,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125838,125839,125858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125840,125841,125843,125845,125847,125850,125853,125856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125842,248],{"class":50},[44,125844,55],{"class":54},[44,125846,1332],{"class":58},[44,125848,125849],{"class":62},"It",[44,125851,125852],{"class":34590},"\\'",[44,125854,125855],{"class":62},"s working",[44,125857,29836],{"class":58},[44,125859,125860,125862,125864,125866],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125861,142],{"class":141},[44,125863,123],{"class":115},[44,125865,308],{"class":119},[44,125867,135],{"class":115},[20,125869,125870],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,125872,125874],{"className":37,"code":125873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125875,125876,125888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125877,125878,125880,125882,125884,125886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125879,248],{"class":50},[44,125881,55],{"class":54},[44,125883,59],{"class":58},[44,125885,125751],{"class":62},[44,125887,66],{"class":58},[44,125889,125890,125892,125894,125896],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125891,142],{"class":141},[44,125893,123],{"class":115},[44,125895,308],{"class":119},[44,125897,135],{"class":115},[20,125899,125900],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125902,125903,125904,116],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[200,125905,125907],{"href":125906},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[30,125909,1467],{"id":1466},[20,125911,125912],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1474,125914,90336],{"id":90335},[20,125916,125917],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,125919,125921],{"className":37,"code":125920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125922,125923,125927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125924,125925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125926,125816],{"class":3787},[44,125928,125929],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125930,125931],{"class":3787},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125933,125934,125935,8740,125938,125940],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125936,125937],{},"NameError",[15,125939,5135],{}," is not defined.",[20,125942,10947],{},[35,125944,125946],{"className":37,"code":125945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125947,125948,125960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125949,125950,125952,125954,125956,125958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125951,51],{"class":50},[44,125953,55],{"class":54},[44,125955,59],{"class":58},[44,125957,5135],{"class":62},[44,125959,66],{"class":58},[44,125961,125962,125964,125966,125968],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125963,142],{"class":141},[44,125965,123],{"class":115},[44,125967,126],{"class":119},[44,125969,135],{"class":115},[1474,125971,125973],{"id":125972},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125975,125976],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,125978,125980],{"className":37,"code":125979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125981,125982,125986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125983,125984],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125985,125816],{"class":3787},[44,125987,125988],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,125989,125990],{"class":3787},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125992,125993],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,125995,125997],{"className":37,"code":125996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125998,125999,126016,126029,126033,126043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126000,126001,126003,126005,126007,126009,126011,126014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126002,125744],{"class":50},[44,126004,55],{"class":54},[44,126006,1332],{"class":58},[44,126008,125849],{"class":62},[44,126010,125852],{"class":34590},[44,126012,126013],{"class":62},"s good",[44,126015,29836],{"class":58},[44,126017,126018,126020,126022,126024,126027],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126019,125758],{"class":50},[44,126021,55],{"class":54},[44,126023,59],{"class":58},[44,126025,126026],{"class":62},"It's good",[44,126028,66],{"class":58},[44,126030,126031],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,126032,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,126034,126035,126037,126039,126041],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,126036,142],{"class":141},[44,126038,123],{"class":115},[44,126040,125780],{"class":119},[44,126042,135],{"class":115},[44,126044,126045,126047,126049,126051],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,126046,142],{"class":141},[44,126048,123],{"class":115},[44,126050,125791],{"class":119},[44,126052,135],{"class":115},[1474,126054,126056],{"id":126055},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126058,126059],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,126061,126063],{"className":37,"code":126062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126064,126065,126077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126066,126067,126069,126071,126073,126075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126068,248],{"class":50},[44,126070,55],{"class":54},[44,126072,125420],{"class":58},[44,126074,3971],{"class":62},[44,126076,43471],{"class":58},[44,126078,126079,126081,126083,126085],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126080,142],{"class":141},[44,126082,123],{"class":115},[44,126084,308],{"class":119},[44,126086,135],{"class":115},[20,126088,126089],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,126091,126093],{"className":37,"code":126092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126094,126095,126107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126096,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126098,248],{"class":50},[44,126100,55],{"class":54},[44,126102,59],{"class":58},[44,126104,3971],{"class":62},[44,126106,66],{"class":58},[44,126108,126109,126111,126113,126115],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126110,142],{"class":141},[44,126112,123],{"class":115},[44,126114,308],{"class":119},[44,126116,135],{"class":115},[1474,126118,4709,126120,536,126122,126124],{"id":126119},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126121,50376],{},[15,126123,50426],{}," are the same type",[20,126126,126127],{},"They are different:",[35,126129,126131],{"className":37,"code":126130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126132,126133,126142,126155,126159,126173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126134,126135,126138,126140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126136,126137],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,126139,55],{"class":54},[44,126141,125150],{"class":77},[44,126143,126144,126147,126149,126151,126153],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126145,126146],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,126148,55],{"class":54},[44,126150,59],{"class":58},[44,126152,50376],{"class":62},[44,126154,66],{"class":58},[44,126156,126157],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,126158,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,126160,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169,126171],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,126162,142],{"class":141},[44,126164,123],{"class":115},[44,126166,1297],{"class":1296},[44,126168,123],{"class":115},[44,126170,84898],{"class":119},[44,126172,567],{"class":115},[44,126174,126175,126177,126179,126181,126183,126186],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,126176,142],{"class":141},[44,126178,123],{"class":115},[44,126180,1297],{"class":1296},[44,126182,123],{"class":115},[44,126184,126185],{"class":119},"value2",[44,126187,567],{"class":115},[20,126189,155],{},[35,126191,126193],{"className":37,"code":126192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126194,126195,126209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126196,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126198,1326],{"class":54},[44,126200,1329],{"class":1075},[44,126202,1332],{"class":58},[44,126204,2309],{"class":62},[44,126206,1338],{"class":58},[44,126208,1341],{"class":54},[44,126210,126211,126213,126215,126217,126219,126221],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126212,1326],{"class":54},[44,126214,1329],{"class":1075},[44,126216,1332],{"class":58},[44,126218,1335],{"class":62},[44,126220,1338],{"class":58},[44,126222,1341],{"class":54},[1474,126224,126226],{"id":126225},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126228,126229],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,126231,126233],{"className":37,"code":126232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126234,126235,126239,126244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126236,126237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126238,125816],{"class":3787},[44,126240,126241],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126242,126243],{"class":3787},"# age = 10\n",[44,126245,126246],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,126247,126248],{"class":3787},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126250,126251,126252,790],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126253,1016],{},[35,126255,126257],{"className":37,"code":126256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126258,126259,126267,126289,126293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126260,126261,126263,126265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126262,72],{"class":50},[44,126264,55],{"class":54},[44,126266,2709],{"class":77},[44,126268,126269,126271,126273,126275,126277,126279,126281,126283,126285,126287],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126270,91],{"class":50},[44,126272,55],{"class":54},[44,126274,59],{"class":58},[44,126276,89552],{"class":62},[44,126278,112],{"class":58},[44,126280,2576],{"class":54},[44,126282,49035],{"class":1296},[44,126284,123],{"class":115},[44,126286,9437],{"class":119},[44,126288,135],{"class":115},[44,126290,126291],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,126292,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,126294,126295,126297,126299,126301],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,126296,142],{"class":141},[44,126298,123],{"class":115},[44,126300,147],{"class":119},[44,126302,135],{"class":115},[20,126304,126305,126306,116],{},"For this specific error, see ",[200,126307,1864],{"href":1863},[1474,126309,60842],{"id":60841},[20,126311,126312],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,126314,126316],{"className":37,"code":126315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126317,126318,126330,126334,126344,126358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126319,126320,126322,126324,126326,126328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126321,248],{"class":50},[44,126323,55],{"class":54},[44,126325,59],{"class":58},[44,126327,3971],{"class":62},[44,126329,66],{"class":58},[44,126331,126332],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126333,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,126335,126336,126338,126340,126342],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,126337,142],{"class":141},[44,126339,123],{"class":115},[44,126341,308],{"class":119},[44,126343,135],{"class":115},[44,126345,126346,126348,126350,126352,126354,126356],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,126347,142],{"class":141},[44,126349,123],{"class":115},[44,126351,1297],{"class":1296},[44,126353,123],{"class":115},[44,126355,308],{"class":119},[44,126357,567],{"class":115},[44,126359,126360,126362,126364,126366,126368,126370],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,126361,142],{"class":141},[44,126363,123],{"class":115},[44,126365,41917],{"class":141},[44,126367,123],{"class":115},[44,126369,308],{"class":119},[44,126371,567],{"class":115},[218,126373,126374,126379,126384],{},[221,126375,126376,46411],{},[15,126377,126378],{},"print(text)",[221,126380,126381,46416],{},[15,126382,126383],{},"print(type(text))",[221,126385,126386,126389],{},[15,126387,126388],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[30,126391,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,126393,126395],{"id":126394},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126397,126398,126399,3000,126402,116],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126400,126401],{},"'hello'",[15,126403,64667],{},[1474,126405,126407],{"id":126406},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126409,126410],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1474,126412,126414],{"id":126413},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126416,189,126417,3000,126419,116],{},[15,126418,6408],{},[15,126420,3899],{},[1474,126422,126424],{"id":126423},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126426,189,126427,126429,126430,126432,126433,116],{},[15,126428,1016],{},", like ",[15,126431,80510],{},", which returns ",[15,126434,42264],{},[1474,126436,126438],{"id":126437},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126440,126441],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[30,126443,2019],{"id":2018},[218,126445,126446,126450,126456,126461,126469,126473],{},[221,126447,126448],{},[200,126449,203],{"href":202},[221,126451,126452],{},[200,126453,1013,126454,1017],{"href":1012},[15,126455,1016],{},[221,126457,126458],{},[200,126459,126460],{"href":123395},"How to convert int to string in Python",[221,126462,126463],{},[200,126464,126466,126467,10880],{"href":126465},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126468,17],{},[221,126470,126471],{},[200,126472,125907],{"href":125906},[221,126474,126475],{},[200,126476,1864],{"href":1863},[2048,126478,126479],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":126481},[126482,126483,126484,126485,126486,126487,126488,126489,126490,126499,126506],{"id":15299,"depth":69,"text":15300},{"id":125062,"depth":69,"text":125063},{"id":125224,"depth":69,"text":125225},{"id":125299,"depth":69,"text":125300},{"id":125399,"depth":69,"text":125400},{"id":125504,"depth":69,"text":125505},{"id":125682,"depth":69,"text":125683},{"id":125799,"depth":69,"text":125800},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":126491},[126492,126493,126494,126495,126497,126498],{"id":90335,"depth":81,"text":90336},{"id":125972,"depth":81,"text":125973},{"id":126055,"depth":81,"text":126056},{"id":126119,"depth":81,"text":126496},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126225,"depth":81,"text":126226},{"id":60841,"depth":81,"text":60842},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":126500},[126501,126502,126503,126504,126505],{"id":126394,"depth":81,"text":126395},{"id":126406,"depth":81,"text":126407},{"id":126413,"depth":81,"text":126414},{"id":126423,"depth":81,"text":126424},{"id":126437,"depth":81,"text":126438},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124924,"description":126507},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126514,"title":126515,"body":126516,"description":128429,"extension":2084,"meta":128430,"navigation":84,"path":128431,"seo":128432,"stem":128433,"__hash__":128434},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126517,"toc":128390},[126518,126524,126529,126537,126539,126606,126608,126620,126629,126634,126638,126655,126657,126722,126724,126736,126741,126743,126771,126792,126795,126834,126836,126844,126848,126852,126856,126864,126867,126908,126910,126918,126921,126978,126980,126988,126992,126997,127041,127043,127051,127060,127064,127069,127117,127119,127127,127133,127135,127139,127151,127156,127235,127237,127257,127261,127265,127305,127307,127315,127319,127362,127364,127372,127376,127416,127418,127426,127430,127486,127488,127496,127502,127504,127508,127518,127585,127587,127600,127607,127650,127652,127660,127664,127667,127723,127725,127733,127736,127738,127815,127817,127825,127834,127836,127840,127844,127846,127868,127871,127918,127922,127961,127963,127971,127973,128015,128022,128027,128089,128091,128103,128109,128114,128163,128165,128183,128189,128191,128210,128212,128303,128305,128311,128318,128324,128330,128335,128344,128351,128359,128361,128387],[10,126519,13,126521,18],{"id":126520},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126522,126523],{},"endswith()",[20,126525,22,126526,126528],{},[15,126527,126523],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126530,126531,126532,3000,126534,126536],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126533,3724],{},[15,126535,3798],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[30,126538,33],{"id":32},[35,126540,126542],{"className":37,"code":126541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126543,126544,126558,126583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126545,126546,126549,126551,126553,126556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126547,126548],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,126550,55],{"class":54},[44,126552,59],{"class":58},[44,126554,126555],{"class":62},"report.csv",[44,126557,66],{"class":58},[44,126559,126560,126562,126564,126567,126569,126572,126574,126576,126579,126581],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126561,142],{"class":141},[44,126563,123],{"class":115},[44,126565,126566],{"class":119},"filename",[44,126568,116],{"class":115},[44,126570,126571],{"class":119},"endswith",[44,126573,123],{"class":115},[44,126575,112],{"class":58},[44,126577,126578],{"class":62},".csv",[44,126580,112],{"class":58},[44,126582,567],{"class":115},[44,126584,126585,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126602,126604],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,126586,142],{"class":141},[44,126588,123],{"class":115},[44,126590,126566],{"class":119},[44,126592,116],{"class":115},[44,126594,126571],{"class":119},[44,126596,123],{"class":115},[44,126598,112],{"class":58},[44,126600,126601],{"class":62},".txt",[44,126603,112],{"class":58},[44,126605,567],{"class":115},[20,126607,155],{},[35,126609,126610],{"className":37,"code":44308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126611,126612,126616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126613,126614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126615,4107],{"class":3978},[44,126617,126618],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126619,4168],{"class":3978},[20,126621,189,126622,5503,126624,3000,126626,126628],{},[15,126623,126523],{},[15,126625,3724],{},[15,126627,3798],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[30,126630,3802,126632,3805],{"id":126631},"what-endswith-does",[15,126633,126523],{},[20,126635,126636,790],{},[15,126637,126523],{},[218,126639,126640,126643,126649,126652],{},[221,126641,126642],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[221,126644,11563,126645,3000,126647],{},[15,126646,3724],{},[15,126648,3798],{},[221,126650,126651],{},"Does not change the original string",[221,126653,126654],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126656,238],{},[35,126658,126660],{"className":37,"code":126659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126661,126662,126674,126678,126700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126663,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126665,248],{"class":50},[44,126667,55],{"class":54},[44,126669,59],{"class":58},[44,126671,60538],{"class":62},[44,126673,66],{"class":58},[44,126675,126676],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126677,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,126679,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694,126696,126698],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,126681,142],{"class":141},[44,126683,123],{"class":115},[44,126685,308],{"class":119},[44,126687,116],{"class":115},[44,126689,126571],{"class":119},[44,126691,123],{"class":115},[44,126693,112],{"class":58},[44,126695,60723],{"class":62},[44,126697,112],{"class":58},[44,126699,567],{"class":115},[44,126701,126702,126704,126706,126708,126710,126712,126714,126716,126718,126720],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,126703,142],{"class":141},[44,126705,123],{"class":115},[44,126707,308],{"class":119},[44,126709,116],{"class":115},[44,126711,126571],{"class":119},[44,126713,123],{"class":115},[44,126715,112],{"class":58},[44,126717,3971],{"class":62},[44,126719,112],{"class":58},[44,126721,567],{"class":115},[20,126723,155],{},[35,126725,126726],{"className":37,"code":44308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126727,126728,126732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126729,126730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126731,4107],{"class":3978},[44,126733,126734],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126735,4168],{"class":3978},[20,126737,126738,126739,116],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[200,126740,203],{"href":202},[30,126742,351],{"id":350},[35,126744,126746],{"className":37,"code":126745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126747,126748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126749,126750,126752,126754,126756,126758,126761,126763,126765,126767,126769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126751,61306],{"class":50},[44,126753,116],{"class":115},[44,126755,126571],{"class":119},[44,126757,123],{"class":115},[44,126759,126760],{"class":119},"suffix",[44,126762,129],{"class":115},[44,126764,36188],{"class":119},[44,126766,129],{"class":115},[44,126768,65173],{"class":119},[44,126770,135],{"class":115},[218,126772,126773,126778,126785],{},[221,126774,126775,126777],{},[15,126776,126760],{}," is required",[221,126779,126780,536,126782,126784],{},[15,126781,36209],{},[15,126783,52790],{}," are optional",[221,126786,126787,536,126789,126791],{},[15,126788,36209],{},[15,126790,52790],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126793,126794],{},"Basic example:",[35,126796,126798],{"className":37,"code":126797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126799,126800,126812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126801,126802,126804,126806,126808,126810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126803,126548],{"class":50},[44,126805,55],{"class":54},[44,126807,59],{"class":58},[44,126809,87023],{"class":62},[44,126811,66],{"class":58},[44,126813,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830,126832],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126815,142],{"class":141},[44,126817,123],{"class":115},[44,126819,126566],{"class":119},[44,126821,116],{"class":115},[44,126823,126571],{"class":119},[44,126825,123],{"class":115},[44,126827,112],{"class":58},[44,126829,126601],{"class":62},[44,126831,112],{"class":58},[44,126833,567],{"class":115},[20,126835,155],{},[35,126837,126838],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126839,126840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126841,126842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126843,4107],{"class":3978},[30,126845,126847],{"id":126846},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1474,126849,126850],{"id":126760},[15,126851,126760],{},[20,126853,126854,30887],{},[15,126855,126760],{},[218,126857,126858,126861],{},[221,126859,126860],{},"A single string",[221,126862,126863],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126865,126866],{},"Single suffix:",[35,126868,126870],{"className":37,"code":126869,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126871,126872,126885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126873,126874,126876,126878,126880,126883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126875,51],{"class":50},[44,126877,55],{"class":54},[44,126879,59],{"class":58},[44,126881,126882],{"class":62},"image.png",[44,126884,66],{"class":58},[44,126886,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895,126897,126899,126901,126904,126906],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126888,142],{"class":141},[44,126890,123],{"class":115},[44,126892,126],{"class":119},[44,126894,116],{"class":115},[44,126896,126571],{"class":119},[44,126898,123],{"class":115},[44,126900,112],{"class":58},[44,126902,126903],{"class":62},".png",[44,126905,112],{"class":58},[44,126907,567],{"class":115},[20,126909,155],{},[35,126911,126912],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126913,126914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126915,126916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126917,4107],{"class":3978},[20,126919,126920],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,126922,126924],{"className":37,"code":126923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126925,126926,126938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126927,126928,126930,126932,126934,126936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126929,51],{"class":50},[44,126931,55],{"class":54},[44,126933,59],{"class":58},[44,126935,126882],{"class":62},[44,126937,66],{"class":58},[44,126939,126940,126942,126944,126946,126948,126950,126952,126954,126957,126959,126961,126963,126965,126967,126969,126971,126974,126976],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,126941,142],{"class":141},[44,126943,123],{"class":115},[44,126945,126],{"class":119},[44,126947,116],{"class":115},[44,126949,126571],{"class":119},[44,126951,5645],{"class":115},[44,126953,112],{"class":58},[44,126955,126956],{"class":62},".jpg",[44,126958,112],{"class":58},[44,126960,129],{"class":115},[44,126962,59],{"class":58},[44,126964,126903],{"class":62},[44,126966,112],{"class":58},[44,126968,129],{"class":115},[44,126970,59],{"class":58},[44,126972,126973],{"class":62},".gif",[44,126975,112],{"class":58},[44,126977,3034],{"class":115},[20,126979,155],{},[35,126981,126982],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126983,126984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126985,126986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126987,4107],{"class":3978},[1474,126989,126990],{"id":36209},[15,126991,36209],{},[20,126993,126994,126996],{},[15,126995,36209],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,126998,127000],{"className":37,"code":126999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,127001,127002,127015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127003,127004,127006,127008,127010,127013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127005,248],{"class":50},[44,127007,55],{"class":54},[44,127009,59],{"class":58},[44,127011,127012],{"class":62},"my_report.csv",[44,127014,66],{"class":58},[44,127016,127017,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127018,142],{"class":141},[44,127020,123],{"class":115},[44,127022,308],{"class":119},[44,127024,116],{"class":115},[44,127026,126571],{"class":119},[44,127028,123],{"class":115},[44,127030,112],{"class":58},[44,127032,126578],{"class":62},[44,127034,112],{"class":58},[44,127036,129],{"class":115},[44,127038,2573],{"class":77},[44,127040,567],{"class":115},[20,127042,155],{},[35,127044,127045],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127046,127047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127048,127049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127050,4107],{"class":3978},[20,127052,127053,127054,127056,127057,116],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127055,2183],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127058,127059],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1474,127061,127062],{"id":52790},[15,127063,52790],{},[20,127065,127066,127068],{},[15,127067,52790],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,127070,127072],{"className":37,"code":127071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127073,127074,127087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127075,127076,127078,127080,127082,127085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127077,248],{"class":50},[44,127079,55],{"class":54},[44,127081,59],{"class":58},[44,127083,127084],{"class":62},"report.csv backup",[44,127086,66],{"class":58},[44,127088,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113,127115],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127090,142],{"class":141},[44,127092,123],{"class":115},[44,127094,308],{"class":119},[44,127096,116],{"class":115},[44,127098,126571],{"class":119},[44,127100,123],{"class":115},[44,127102,112],{"class":58},[44,127104,126578],{"class":62},[44,127106,112],{"class":58},[44,127108,129],{"class":115},[44,127110,3959],{"class":77},[44,127112,129],{"class":115},[44,127114,6140],{"class":77},[44,127116,567],{"class":115},[20,127118,155],{},[35,127120,127121],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127122,127123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127124,127125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127126,4107],{"class":3978},[20,127128,127129,127130,127132],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127131,127059],{}," and ignores the rest.",[30,127134,1219],{"id":1218},[20,127136,127137,25643],{},[15,127138,126523],{},[218,127140,127141,127146],{},[221,127142,127143,127145],{},[15,127144,3724],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[221,127147,127148,127150],{},[15,127149,3798],{}," if it does not",[20,127152,127153,127154,7310],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127155,7135],{},[35,127157,127159],{"className":37,"code":127158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127160,127161,127174,127178,127199,127214,127220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127162,127163,127165,127167,127169,127172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127164,126548],{"class":50},[44,127166,55],{"class":54},[44,127168,59],{"class":58},[44,127170,127171],{"class":62},"data.csv",[44,127173,66],{"class":58},[44,127175,127176],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127177,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,127179,127180,127182,127185,127187,127189,127191,127193,127195,127197],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,127181,7135],{"class":4003},[44,127183,127184],{"class":50}," filename",[44,127186,116],{"class":115},[44,127188,126571],{"class":119},[44,127190,123],{"class":115},[44,127192,112],{"class":58},[44,127194,126578],{"class":62},[44,127196,112],{"class":58},[44,127198,8480],{"class":115},[44,127200,127201,127203,127205,127207,127210,127212],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,127202,8206],{"class":141},[44,127204,123],{"class":115},[44,127206,112],{"class":58},[44,127208,127209],{"class":62},"This is a CSV file.",[44,127211,112],{"class":58},[44,127213,135],{"class":115},[44,127215,127216,127218],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,127217,27569],{"class":4003},[44,127219,6530],{"class":115},[44,127221,127222,127224,127226,127228,127231,127233],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,127223,8206],{"class":141},[44,127225,123],{"class":115},[44,127227,112],{"class":58},[44,127229,127230],{"class":62},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,127232,112],{"class":58},[44,127234,135],{"class":115},[20,127236,155],{},[35,127238,127240],{"className":37,"code":127239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127241,127242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127243,127244,127246,127248,127250,127253,127255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127245,50009],{"class":50},[44,127247,168],{"class":54},[44,127249,44679],{"class":50},[44,127251,127252],{"class":34590},"CSV",[44,127254,86764],{"class":86763},[44,127256,186],{"class":115},[30,127258,127260],{"id":127259},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1474,127262,127264],{"id":127263},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,127266,127268],{"className":37,"code":127267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127269,127270,127283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127271,127272,127274,127276,127278,127281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127273,126548],{"class":50},[44,127275,55],{"class":54},[44,127277,59],{"class":58},[44,127279,127280],{"class":62},"sales.csv",[44,127282,66],{"class":58},[44,127284,127285,127287,127289,127291,127293,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127286,142],{"class":141},[44,127288,123],{"class":115},[44,127290,126566],{"class":119},[44,127292,116],{"class":115},[44,127294,126571],{"class":119},[44,127296,123],{"class":115},[44,127298,112],{"class":58},[44,127300,126578],{"class":62},[44,127302,112],{"class":58},[44,127304,567],{"class":115},[20,127306,155],{},[35,127308,127309],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127310,127311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127312,127313],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127314,4107],{"class":3978},[1474,127316,127318],{"id":127317},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,127320,127322],{"className":37,"code":127321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127323,127324,127338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127325,127326,127329,127331,127333,127336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127327,127328],{"class":50},"url ",[44,127330,55],{"class":54},[44,127332,59],{"class":58},[44,127334,127335],{"class":62},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,127337,66],{"class":58},[44,127339,127340,127342,127344,127347,127349,127351,127353,127355,127358,127360],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127341,142],{"class":141},[44,127343,123],{"class":115},[44,127345,127346],{"class":119},"url",[44,127348,116],{"class":115},[44,127350,126571],{"class":119},[44,127352,123],{"class":115},[44,127354,112],{"class":58},[44,127356,127357],{"class":62},"\u002F",[44,127359,112],{"class":58},[44,127361,567],{"class":115},[20,127363,155],{},[35,127365,127366],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127367,127368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127369,127370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127371,4107],{"class":3978},[1474,127373,127375],{"id":127374},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,127377,127379],{"className":37,"code":127378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127380,127381,127394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127382,127383,127385,127387,127389,127392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127384,91],{"class":50},[44,127386,55],{"class":54},[44,127388,59],{"class":58},[44,127390,127391],{"class":62},"Hello!",[44,127393,66],{"class":58},[44,127395,127396,127398,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127397,142],{"class":141},[44,127399,123],{"class":115},[44,127401,147],{"class":119},[44,127403,116],{"class":115},[44,127405,126571],{"class":119},[44,127407,123],{"class":115},[44,127409,112],{"class":58},[44,127411,1260],{"class":62},[44,127413,112],{"class":58},[44,127415,567],{"class":115},[20,127417,155],{},[35,127419,127420],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127421,127422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127423,127424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127425,4107],{"class":3978},[1474,127427,127429],{"id":127428},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,127431,127433],{"className":37,"code":127432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127434,127435,127448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127436,127437,127439,127441,127443,127446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127438,126548],{"class":50},[44,127440,55],{"class":54},[44,127442,59],{"class":58},[44,127444,127445],{"class":62},"photo.jpg",[44,127447,66],{"class":58},[44,127449,127450,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462,127464,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478,127480,127482,127484],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127451,142],{"class":141},[44,127453,123],{"class":115},[44,127455,126566],{"class":119},[44,127457,116],{"class":115},[44,127459,126571],{"class":119},[44,127461,5645],{"class":115},[44,127463,112],{"class":58},[44,127465,126956],{"class":62},[44,127467,112],{"class":58},[44,127469,129],{"class":115},[44,127471,59],{"class":58},[44,127473,126903],{"class":62},[44,127475,112],{"class":58},[44,127477,129],{"class":115},[44,127479,59],{"class":58},[44,127481,126973],{"class":62},[44,127483,112],{"class":58},[44,127485,3034],{"class":115},[20,127487,155],{},[35,127489,127490],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127491,127492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127493,127494],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127495,4107],{"class":3978},[20,127497,127498,127499,116],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[200,127500,127501],{"href":123723},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,127503,124115],{"id":124114},[20,127505,127506,123926],{},[15,127507,126523],{},[20,127509,127510,127511,536,127514,127517],{},"That means ",[15,127512,127513],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127515,127516],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,127519,127521],{"className":37,"code":127520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127522,127523,127536,127540,127562],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127524,127525,127527,127529,127531,127534],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127526,126548],{"class":50},[44,127528,55],{"class":54},[44,127530,59],{"class":58},[44,127532,127533],{"class":62},"REPORT.CSV",[44,127535,66],{"class":58},[44,127537,127538],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127539,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,127541,127542,127544,127546,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,127543,142],{"class":141},[44,127545,123],{"class":115},[44,127547,126566],{"class":119},[44,127549,116],{"class":115},[44,127551,126571],{"class":119},[44,127553,123],{"class":115},[44,127555,112],{"class":58},[44,127557,126578],{"class":62},[44,127559,112],{"class":58},[44,127561,567],{"class":115},[44,127563,127564,127566,127568,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578,127581,127583],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,127565,142],{"class":141},[44,127567,123],{"class":115},[44,127569,126566],{"class":119},[44,127571,116],{"class":115},[44,127573,126571],{"class":119},[44,127575,123],{"class":115},[44,127577,112],{"class":58},[44,127579,127580],{"class":62},".CSV",[44,127582,112],{"class":58},[44,127584,567],{"class":115},[20,127586,155],{},[35,127588,127590],{"className":37,"code":127589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127591,127592,127596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127593,127594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127595,4168],{"class":3978},[44,127597,127598],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127599,4107],{"class":3978},[20,127601,127602,127603,116],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[200,127604,127605],{"href":124195},[15,127606,124198],{},[35,127608,127610],{"className":37,"code":127609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127611,127612,127624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127613,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127615,126548],{"class":50},[44,127617,55],{"class":54},[44,127619,59],{"class":58},[44,127621,127533],{"class":62},[44,127623,66],{"class":58},[44,127625,127626,127628,127630,127632,127634,127636,127638,127640,127642,127644,127646,127648],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127627,142],{"class":141},[44,127629,123],{"class":115},[44,127631,126566],{"class":119},[44,127633,116],{"class":115},[44,127635,8779],{"class":119},[44,127637,8776],{"class":115},[44,127639,126571],{"class":119},[44,127641,123],{"class":115},[44,127643,112],{"class":58},[44,127645,126578],{"class":62},[44,127647,112],{"class":58},[44,127649,567],{"class":115},[20,127651,155],{},[35,127653,127654],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127655,127656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127657,127658],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127659,4107],{"class":3978},[30,127661,127663],{"id":127662},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127665,127666],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,127668,127670],{"className":37,"code":127669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127671,127672,127685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127673,127674,127676,127678,127680,127683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127675,126548],{"class":50},[44,127677,55],{"class":54},[44,127679,59],{"class":58},[44,127681,127682],{"class":62},"picture.gif",[44,127684,66],{"class":58},[44,127686,127687,127689,127691,127693,127695,127697,127699,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719,127721],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127688,142],{"class":141},[44,127690,123],{"class":115},[44,127692,126566],{"class":119},[44,127694,116],{"class":115},[44,127696,126571],{"class":119},[44,127698,5645],{"class":115},[44,127700,112],{"class":58},[44,127702,126956],{"class":62},[44,127704,112],{"class":58},[44,127706,129],{"class":115},[44,127708,59],{"class":58},[44,127710,126903],{"class":62},[44,127712,112],{"class":58},[44,127714,129],{"class":115},[44,127716,59],{"class":58},[44,127718,126973],{"class":62},[44,127720,112],{"class":58},[44,127722,3034],{"class":115},[20,127724,155],{},[35,127726,127727],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127728,127729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127730,127731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127732,4107],{"class":3978},[20,127734,127735],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127737,1127],{},[35,127739,127741],{"className":37,"code":127740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127742,127743,127756,127791,127795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127744,127745,127748,127750,127752,127754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127746,127747],{"class":50},"document ",[44,127749,55],{"class":54},[44,127751,59],{"class":58},[44,127753,87023],{"class":62},[44,127755,66],{"class":58},[44,127757,127758,127761,127763,127765,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775,127778,127780,127782,127784,127787,127789],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127759,127760],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,127762,55],{"class":54},[44,127764,9375],{"class":115},[44,127766,112],{"class":58},[44,127768,126601],{"class":62},[44,127770,112],{"class":58},[44,127772,129],{"class":115},[44,127774,59],{"class":58},[44,127776,127777],{"class":62},".md",[44,127779,112],{"class":58},[44,127781,129],{"class":115},[44,127783,59],{"class":58},[44,127785,127786],{"class":62},".docx",[44,127788,112],{"class":58},[44,127790,135],{"class":115},[44,127792,127793],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,127794,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,127796,127797,127799,127801,127804,127806,127808,127810,127813],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,127798,142],{"class":141},[44,127800,123],{"class":115},[44,127802,127803],{"class":119},"document",[44,127805,116],{"class":115},[44,127807,126571],{"class":119},[44,127809,123],{"class":115},[44,127811,127812],{"class":119},"allowed",[44,127814,567],{"class":115},[20,127816,155],{},[35,127818,127819],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127820,127821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127822,127823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127824,4107],{"class":3978},[20,127826,127827,127828,116],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[200,127829,126466,127831,10880],{"href":127830},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127832,127833],{},"startswith()",[30,127835,1467],{"id":1466},[20,127837,8586,127838,116],{},[15,127839,126523],{},[1474,127841,127843],{"id":127842},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127845,4655],{},[35,127847,127849],{"className":37,"code":127848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127850,127851,127863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127852,127853,127855,127857,127859,127861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127854,126548],{"class":50},[44,127856,55],{"class":54},[44,127858,59],{"class":58},[44,127860,127445],{"class":62},[44,127862,66],{"class":58},[44,127864,127865],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127866,127867],{"class":3787},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127869,127870],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,127872,127874],{"className":37,"code":127873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127875,127876,127888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127877,127878,127880,127882,127884,127886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127879,126548],{"class":50},[44,127881,55],{"class":54},[44,127883,59],{"class":58},[44,127885,127445],{"class":62},[44,127887,66],{"class":58},[44,127889,127890,127892,127894,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912,127914,127916],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127891,142],{"class":141},[44,127893,123],{"class":115},[44,127895,126566],{"class":119},[44,127897,116],{"class":115},[44,127899,126571],{"class":119},[44,127901,5645],{"class":115},[44,127903,112],{"class":58},[44,127905,126956],{"class":62},[44,127907,112],{"class":58},[44,127909,129],{"class":115},[44,127911,59],{"class":58},[44,127913,126903],{"class":62},[44,127915,112],{"class":58},[44,127917,3034],{"class":115},[1474,127919,127921],{"id":127920},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,127923,127925],{"className":37,"code":127924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127926,127927,127939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127928,127929,127931,127933,127935,127937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127930,126548],{"class":50},[44,127932,55],{"class":54},[44,127934,59],{"class":58},[44,127936,127533],{"class":62},[44,127938,66],{"class":58},[44,127940,127941,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957,127959],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127942,142],{"class":141},[44,127944,123],{"class":115},[44,127946,126566],{"class":119},[44,127948,116],{"class":115},[44,127950,126571],{"class":119},[44,127952,123],{"class":115},[44,127954,112],{"class":58},[44,127956,126578],{"class":62},[44,127958,112],{"class":58},[44,127960,567],{"class":115},[20,127962,155],{},[35,127964,127965],{"className":37,"code":4168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127966,127967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127968,127969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127970,4168],{"class":3978},[20,127972,39399],{},[35,127974,127975],{"className":37,"code":127609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127976,127977,127989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127978,127979,127981,127983,127985,127987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127980,126548],{"class":50},[44,127982,55],{"class":54},[44,127984,59],{"class":58},[44,127986,127533],{"class":62},[44,127988,66],{"class":58},[44,127990,127991,127993,127995,127997,127999,128001,128003,128005,128007,128009,128011,128013],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,127992,142],{"class":141},[44,127994,123],{"class":115},[44,127996,126566],{"class":119},[44,127998,116],{"class":115},[44,128000,8779],{"class":119},[44,128002,8776],{"class":115},[44,128004,126571],{"class":119},[44,128006,123],{"class":115},[44,128008,112],{"class":58},[44,128010,126578],{"class":62},[44,128012,112],{"class":58},[44,128014,567],{"class":115},[1474,128016,37341,128018,8844,128020],{"id":128017},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,128019,126523],{},[15,128021,887],{},[20,128023,128024,128026],{},[15,128025,126523],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,128028,128030],{"className":37,"code":128029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,128031,128032,128045,128049,128071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128033,128034,128036,128038,128040,128043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128035,248],{"class":50},[44,128037,55],{"class":54},[44,128039,59],{"class":58},[44,128041,128042],{"class":62},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,128044,66],{"class":58},[44,128046,128047],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128048,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,128050,128051,128053,128055,128057,128059,128061,128063,128065,128067,128069],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,128052,142],{"class":141},[44,128054,123],{"class":115},[44,128056,308],{"class":119},[44,128058,116],{"class":115},[44,128060,126571],{"class":119},[44,128062,123],{"class":115},[44,128064,112],{"class":58},[44,128066,126578],{"class":62},[44,128068,112],{"class":58},[44,128070,567],{"class":115},[44,128072,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,128074,142],{"class":141},[44,128076,123],{"class":115},[44,128078,112],{"class":58},[44,128080,126578],{"class":62},[44,128082,112],{"class":58},[44,128084,21311],{"class":4003},[44,128086,269],{"class":119},[44,128088,135],{"class":115},[20,128090,155],{},[35,128092,128093],{"className":37,"code":127589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,128094,128095,128099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128096,128097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128098,4168],{"class":3978},[44,128100,128101],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128102,4107],{"class":3978},[1474,128104,1707,128106,128108],{"id":128105},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128107,126523],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128110,128111,128113],{},[15,128112,126523],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,128115,128117],{"className":37,"code":128116,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128118,128119,128131,128153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128120,128121,128123,128125,128127,128129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128122,126548],{"class":50},[44,128124,55],{"class":54},[44,128126,59],{"class":58},[44,128128,126555],{"class":62},[44,128130,66],{"class":58},[44,128132,128133,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149,128151],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128134,142],{"class":141},[44,128136,123],{"class":115},[44,128138,126566],{"class":119},[44,128140,116],{"class":115},[44,128142,126571],{"class":119},[44,128144,123],{"class":115},[44,128146,112],{"class":58},[44,128148,126578],{"class":62},[44,128150,112],{"class":58},[44,128152,567],{"class":115},[44,128154,128155,128157,128159,128161],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,128156,142],{"class":141},[44,128158,123],{"class":115},[44,128160,126566],{"class":119},[44,128162,135],{"class":115},[20,128164,155],{},[35,128166,128168],{"className":37,"code":128167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128169,128170,128174],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128171,128172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128173,4107],{"class":3978},[44,128175,128176,128178,128180],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128177,975],{"class":50},[44,128179,116],{"class":115},[44,128181,128182],{"class":685},"csv\n",[20,128184,128185,128186,116],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[200,128187,128188],{"href":124636},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128190,66196],{},[218,128192,128193,128196,128199,128202],{},[221,128194,128195],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[221,128197,128198],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[221,128200,128201],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[221,128203,8556,128204,44764,128206,3000,128208,111670],{},[15,128205,126523],{},[15,128207,124639],{},[15,128209,41791],{},[20,128211,30272],{},[35,128213,128215],{"className":37,"code":128214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128216,128217,128227,128241,128263,128289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128218,128219,128221,128223,128225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128220,142],{"class":141},[44,128222,123],{"class":115},[44,128224,308],{"class":119},[44,128226,135],{"class":115},[44,128228,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128230,142],{"class":141},[44,128232,123],{"class":115},[44,128234,41917],{"class":141},[44,128236,123],{"class":115},[44,128238,308],{"class":119},[44,128240,567],{"class":115},[44,128242,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,128244,142],{"class":141},[44,128246,123],{"class":115},[44,128248,308],{"class":119},[44,128250,116],{"class":115},[44,128252,126571],{"class":119},[44,128254,123],{"class":115},[44,128256,1338],{"class":58},[44,128258,126578],{"class":62},[44,128260,1338],{"class":58},[44,128262,567],{"class":115},[44,128264,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279,128281,128283,128285,128287],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,128266,142],{"class":141},[44,128268,123],{"class":115},[44,128270,308],{"class":119},[44,128272,116],{"class":115},[44,128274,8779],{"class":119},[44,128276,8776],{"class":115},[44,128278,126571],{"class":119},[44,128280,123],{"class":115},[44,128282,1338],{"class":58},[44,128284,126578],{"class":62},[44,128286,1338],{"class":58},[44,128288,567],{"class":115},[44,128290,128291,128293,128295,128297,128299,128301],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,128292,142],{"class":141},[44,128294,123],{"class":115},[44,128296,1297],{"class":1296},[44,128298,123],{"class":115},[44,128300,308],{"class":119},[44,128302,567],{"class":115},[30,128304,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,128306,12844,128308,128310],{"id":128307},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128309,126523],{}," change the string?",[20,128312,128313,128314,3000,128316,116],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128315,3724],{},[15,128317,3798],{},[1474,128319,5302,128321,128323],{"id":128320},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128322,126523],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128325,128326,128327,116],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128328,128329],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1474,128331,2006,128333,124804],{"id":128332},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128334,126523],{},[20,128336,128337,128338,3000,128340,128343],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128339,124198],{},[15,128341,128342],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1474,128345,5312,128347,536,128349,1995],{"id":128346},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128348,126523],{},[15,128350,124463],{},[20,128352,128353,128355,128356,128358],{},[15,128354,126523],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128357,124463],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[30,128360,2019],{"id":2018},[218,128362,128363,128369,128375,128379,128383],{},[221,128364,128365],{},[200,128366,126466,128367,10880],{"href":127830},[15,128368,127833],{},[221,128370,128371],{},[200,128372,126466,128373,10880],{"href":124195},[15,128374,124198],{},[221,128376,128377],{},[200,128378,124867],{"href":123723},[221,128380,128381],{},[200,128382,124874],{"href":124636},[221,128384,128385],{},[200,128386,203],{"href":202},[2048,128388,128389],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":128391},[128392,128393,128395,128396,128401,128402,128408,128409,128410,128418,128428],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":126631,"depth":69,"text":128394},"What endswith() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":126846,"depth":69,"text":126847,"children":128397},[128398,128399,128400],{"id":126760,"depth":81,"text":126760},{"id":36209,"depth":81,"text":36209},{"id":52790,"depth":81,"text":52790},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":127259,"depth":69,"text":127260,"children":128403},[128404,128405,128406,128407],{"id":127263,"depth":81,"text":127264},{"id":127317,"depth":81,"text":127318},{"id":127374,"depth":81,"text":127375},{"id":127428,"depth":81,"text":127429},{"id":124114,"depth":69,"text":124115},{"id":127662,"depth":69,"text":127663},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":128411},[128412,128413,128414,128416],{"id":127842,"depth":81,"text":127843},{"id":127920,"depth":81,"text":127921},{"id":128017,"depth":81,"text":128415},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128105,"depth":81,"text":128417},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":128419},[128420,128422,128424,128426],{"id":128307,"depth":81,"text":128421},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128320,"depth":81,"text":128423},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128332,"depth":81,"text":128425},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128346,"depth":81,"text":128427},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126515,"description":128429},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128436,"title":128437,"body":128438,"description":130105,"extension":2084,"meta":130106,"navigation":84,"path":130107,"seo":130108,"stem":130109,"__hash__":130110},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128439,"toc":130078},[128440,128445,128450,128455,128460,128553,128563,128568,128573,128588,128590,128672,128680,128682,128684,128711,128713,128729,128736,128738,128846,128848,128853,128869,128871,128966,128974,128977,128983,128988,128993,129000,129139,129142,129155,129157,129161,129168,129238,129241,129290,129297,129304,129318,129323,129328,129374,129420,129436,129438,129443,129457,129460,129582,129587,129589,129594,129627,129630,129706,129708,129717,129731,129734,129818,129821,129932,129935,129963,129965,129971,129975,129981,129984,129990,129993,130000,130011,130017,130024,130026,130075],[10,128441,13,128443,18],{"id":128442},"python-string-find-method",[15,128444,124463],{},[20,128446,22,128447,128449],{},[15,128448,124463],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128451,128452,128453,116],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128454,65987],{},[20,128456,189,128457,128459],{},[15,128458,124463],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,128461,128463],{"className":37,"code":128462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128464,128465,128477,128500,128513,128517,128540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128466,128467,128469,128471,128473,128475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128468,248],{"class":50},[44,128470,55],{"class":54},[44,128472,59],{"class":58},[44,128474,60538],{"class":62},[44,128476,66],{"class":58},[44,128478,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128480,65052],{"class":50},[44,128482,55],{"class":54},[44,128484,269],{"class":50},[44,128486,116],{"class":115},[44,128488,128489],{"class":119},"find",[44,128491,123],{"class":115},[44,128493,112],{"class":58},[44,128495,60723],{"class":62},[44,128497,112],{"class":58},[44,128499,135],{"class":115},[44,128501,128502,128504,128506,128508,128510],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,128503,142],{"class":141},[44,128505,123],{"class":115},[44,128507,65079],{"class":119},[44,128509,3784],{"class":115},[44,128511,128512],{"class":3787},"   # 6\n",[44,128514,128515],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,128516,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,128518,128519,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,128520,128521],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,128523,55],{"class":54},[44,128525,269],{"class":50},[44,128527,116],{"class":115},[44,128529,128489],{"class":119},[44,128531,123],{"class":115},[44,128533,112],{"class":58},[44,128535,39],{"class":62},[44,128537,112],{"class":58},[44,128539,135],{"class":115},[44,128541,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,128543,142],{"class":141},[44,128545,123],{"class":115},[44,128547,26908],{"class":119},[44,128549,3784],{"class":115},[44,128551,128552],{"class":3787},"    # -1\n",[43714,128554,128555],{},[20,128556,189,128557,128559,128560,128562],{},[15,128558,124463],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128561,65987],{}," if the substring is not found.",[30,128564,3802,128566,3805],{"id":128565},"what-find-does",[15,128567,124463],{},[20,128569,128570,128572],{},[15,128571,124463],{}," is a string method that:",[218,128574,128575,128578,128581,128586],{},[221,128576,128577],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[221,128579,128580],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[221,128582,11563,128583,128585],{},[15,128584,65987],{}," if no match is found",[221,128587,126651],{},[20,128589,238],{},[35,128591,128593],{"className":37,"code":128592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128594,128595,128607,128611,128635,128659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128596,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128598,248],{"class":50},[44,128600,55],{"class":54},[44,128602,59],{"class":58},[44,128604,4216],{"class":62},[44,128606,66],{"class":58},[44,128608,128609],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128610,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,128612,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,128614,142],{"class":141},[44,128616,123],{"class":115},[44,128618,308],{"class":119},[44,128620,116],{"class":115},[44,128622,128489],{"class":119},[44,128624,123],{"class":115},[44,128626,112],{"class":58},[44,128628,123561],{"class":62},[44,128630,112],{"class":58},[44,128632,5495],{"class":115},[44,128634,57776],{"class":3787},[44,128636,128637,128639,128641,128643,128645,128647,128649,128651,128653,128655,128657],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,128638,142],{"class":141},[44,128640,123],{"class":115},[44,128642,308],{"class":119},[44,128644,116],{"class":115},[44,128646,128489],{"class":119},[44,128648,123],{"class":115},[44,128650,112],{"class":58},[44,128652,2294],{"class":62},[44,128654,112],{"class":58},[44,128656,5495],{"class":115},[44,128658,128552],{"class":3787},[44,128660,128661,128663,128665,128667,128669],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,128662,142],{"class":141},[44,128664,123],{"class":115},[44,128666,308],{"class":119},[44,128668,3784],{"class":115},[44,128670,128671],{"class":3787},"              # banana\n",[20,128673,20908,128674,128677,128678,116],{},[15,128675,128676],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128679,2177],{},[30,128681,351],{"id":350},[20,128683,2280],{},[35,128685,128687],{"className":37,"code":128686,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128688,128689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128690,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128692,61306],{"class":50},[44,128694,116],{"class":115},[44,128696,128489],{"class":119},[44,128698,123],{"class":115},[44,128700,379],{"class":119},[44,128702,129],{"class":115},[44,128704,36188],{"class":119},[44,128706,129],{"class":115},[44,128708,65173],{"class":119},[44,128710,135],{"class":115},[1474,128712,17533],{"id":17532},[218,128714,128715,128719,128724],{},[221,128716,128717,123660],{},[15,128718,379],{},[221,128720,128721,128723],{},[15,128722,36209],{},": optional starting position",[221,128725,128726,128728],{},[15,128727,52790],{},": optional ending position",[20,128730,128731,536,128733,128735],{},[15,128732,36209],{},[15,128734,52790],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128737,126794],{},[35,128739,128741],{"className":37,"code":128740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128742,128743,128755,128759,128784,128813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128744,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128746,248],{"class":50},[44,128748,55],{"class":54},[44,128750,59],{"class":58},[44,128752,60538],{"class":62},[44,128754,66],{"class":58},[44,128756,128757],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128758,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,128760,128761,128763,128765,128767,128769,128771,128773,128775,128777,128779,128781],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,128762,142],{"class":141},[44,128764,123],{"class":115},[44,128766,308],{"class":119},[44,128768,116],{"class":115},[44,128770,128489],{"class":119},[44,128772,123],{"class":115},[44,128774,112],{"class":58},[44,128776,60605],{"class":62},[44,128778,112],{"class":58},[44,128780,5495],{"class":115},[44,128782,128783],{"class":3787},"        # 4\n",[44,128785,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804,128806,128808,128810],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,128787,142],{"class":141},[44,128789,123],{"class":115},[44,128791,308],{"class":119},[44,128793,116],{"class":115},[44,128795,128489],{"class":119},[44,128797,123],{"class":115},[44,128799,112],{"class":58},[44,128801,60605],{"class":62},[44,128803,112],{"class":58},[44,128805,129],{"class":115},[44,128807,4735],{"class":77},[44,128809,5495],{"class":115},[44,128811,128812],{"class":3787},"     # 7\n",[44,128814,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823,128825,128827,128829,128831,128833,128835,128837,128839,128841,128843],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,128816,142],{"class":141},[44,128818,123],{"class":115},[44,128820,308],{"class":119},[44,128822,116],{"class":115},[44,128824,128489],{"class":119},[44,128826,123],{"class":115},[44,128828,112],{"class":58},[44,128830,60605],{"class":62},[44,128832,112],{"class":58},[44,128834,129],{"class":115},[44,128836,4735],{"class":77},[44,128838,129],{"class":115},[44,128840,6129],{"class":77},[44,128842,5495],{"class":115},[44,128844,128845],{"class":3787},"  # -1\n",[30,128847,38157],{"id":38156},[20,128849,57675,128850,128852],{},[15,128851,124463],{}," is always an integer.",[218,128854,128855,128861,128864],{},[221,128856,128857,128858,128860],{},"A number ",[15,128859,2240],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[221,128862,128863],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[221,128865,128866,128868],{},[15,128867,65987],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128870,238],{},[35,128872,128874],{"className":37,"code":128873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128875,128876,128888,128892,128917,128942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128877,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128879,248],{"class":50},[44,128881,55],{"class":54},[44,128883,59],{"class":58},[44,128885,39],{"class":62},[44,128887,66],{"class":58},[44,128889,128890],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,128891,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,128893,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128911,128913,128915],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,128895,142],{"class":141},[44,128897,123],{"class":115},[44,128899,308],{"class":119},[44,128901,116],{"class":115},[44,128903,128489],{"class":119},[44,128905,123],{"class":115},[44,128907,112],{"class":58},[44,128909,128910],{"class":62},"py",[44,128912,112],{"class":58},[44,128914,5495],{"class":115},[44,128916,20905],{"class":3787},[44,128918,128919,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931,128933,128936,128938,128940],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,128920,142],{"class":141},[44,128922,123],{"class":115},[44,128924,308],{"class":119},[44,128926,116],{"class":115},[44,128928,128489],{"class":119},[44,128930,123],{"class":115},[44,128932,112],{"class":58},[44,128934,128935],{"class":62},"th",[44,128937,112],{"class":58},[44,128939,5495],{"class":115},[44,128941,57776],{"class":3787},[44,128943,128944,128946,128948,128950,128952,128954,128956,128958,128960,128962,128964],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,128945,142],{"class":141},[44,128947,123],{"class":115},[44,128949,308],{"class":119},[44,128951,116],{"class":115},[44,128953,128489],{"class":119},[44,128955,123],{"class":115},[44,128957,112],{"class":58},[44,128959,22214],{"class":62},[44,128961,112],{"class":58},[44,128963,5495],{"class":115},[44,128965,128552],{"class":3787},[20,128967,90034,128968,8594,128970,3000,128972,116],{},[15,128969,124463],{},[15,128971,3724],{},[15,128973,3798],{},[20,128975,128976],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[30,128978,8556,128979,536,128981],{"id":65539},[15,128980,36209],{},[15,128982,52790],{},[20,128984,189,128985,128987],{},[15,128986,36209],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128989,189,128990,128992],{},[15,128991,52790],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128994,213,128995,75593,128997,128999],{},[15,128996,52790],{},[153,128998,65202],{}," in the search.",[35,129001,129003],{"className":37,"code":129002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,129004,129005,129018,129022,129046,129075,129107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129006,129007,129009,129011,129013,129016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129008,248],{"class":50},[44,129010,55],{"class":54},[44,129012,59],{"class":58},[44,129014,129015],{"class":62},"one two three two",[44,129017,66],{"class":58},[44,129019,129020],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129021,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,129023,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,129025,142],{"class":141},[44,129027,123],{"class":115},[44,129029,308],{"class":119},[44,129031,116],{"class":115},[44,129033,128489],{"class":119},[44,129035,123],{"class":115},[44,129037,112],{"class":58},[44,129039,738],{"class":62},[44,129041,112],{"class":58},[44,129043,5495],{"class":115},[44,129045,128783],{"class":3787},[44,129047,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062,129064,129066,129068,129070,129072],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,129049,142],{"class":141},[44,129051,123],{"class":115},[44,129053,308],{"class":119},[44,129055,116],{"class":115},[44,129057,128489],{"class":119},[44,129059,123],{"class":115},[44,129061,112],{"class":58},[44,129063,738],{"class":62},[44,129065,112],{"class":58},[44,129067,129],{"class":115},[44,129069,4735],{"class":77},[44,129071,5495],{"class":115},[44,129073,129074],{"class":3787},"     # 14\n",[44,129076,129077,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,129078,142],{"class":141},[44,129080,123],{"class":115},[44,129082,308],{"class":119},[44,129084,116],{"class":115},[44,129086,128489],{"class":119},[44,129088,123],{"class":115},[44,129090,112],{"class":58},[44,129092,738],{"class":62},[44,129094,112],{"class":58},[44,129096,129],{"class":115},[44,129098,3959],{"class":77},[44,129100,129],{"class":115},[44,129102,6129],{"class":77},[44,129104,5495],{"class":115},[44,129106,51066],{"class":3787},[44,129108,129109,129111,129113,129115,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125,129127,129129,129131,129133,129135,129137],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,129110,142],{"class":141},[44,129112,123],{"class":115},[44,129114,308],{"class":119},[44,129116,116],{"class":115},[44,129118,128489],{"class":119},[44,129120,123],{"class":115},[44,129122,112],{"class":58},[44,129124,738],{"class":62},[44,129126,112],{"class":58},[44,129128,129],{"class":115},[44,129130,3959],{"class":77},[44,129132,129],{"class":115},[44,129134,2579],{"class":77},[44,129136,5495],{"class":115},[44,129138,128845],{"class":3787},[20,129140,129141],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129143,129144,129145,55199,129149,116],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[200,129146,129148],{"href":129147},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[200,129150,129152,129154],{"href":129151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129153,60663],{}," string method",[30,129156,124115],{"id":124114},[20,129158,129159,123926],{},[15,129160,124463],{},[20,129162,127510,129163,536,129165,129167],{},[15,129164,90538],{},[15,129166,64667],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,129169,129171],{"className":37,"code":129170,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129172,129173,129186,129190,129214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129174,129175,129177,129179,129181,129184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129176,248],{"class":50},[44,129178,55],{"class":54},[44,129180,59],{"class":58},[44,129182,129183],{"class":62},"Hello World",[44,129185,66],{"class":58},[44,129187,129188],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129189,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,129191,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202,129204,129206,129208,129210,129212],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,129193,142],{"class":141},[44,129195,123],{"class":115},[44,129197,308],{"class":119},[44,129199,116],{"class":115},[44,129201,128489],{"class":119},[44,129203,123],{"class":115},[44,129205,112],{"class":58},[44,129207,324],{"class":62},[44,129209,112],{"class":58},[44,129211,5495],{"class":115},[44,129213,51377],{"class":3787},[44,129215,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224,129226,129228,129230,129232,129234,129236],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,129217,142],{"class":141},[44,129219,123],{"class":115},[44,129221,308],{"class":119},[44,129223,116],{"class":115},[44,129225,128489],{"class":119},[44,129227,123],{"class":115},[44,129229,112],{"class":58},[44,129231,3971],{"class":62},[44,129233,112],{"class":58},[44,129235,5495],{"class":115},[44,129237,128845],{"class":3787},[20,129239,129240],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,129242,129244],{"className":37,"code":129243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129245,129246,129258,129262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129247,129248,129250,129252,129254,129256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129249,248],{"class":50},[44,129251,55],{"class":54},[44,129253,59],{"class":58},[44,129255,129183],{"class":62},[44,129257,66],{"class":58},[44,129259,129260],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129261,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,129263,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276,129278,129280,129282,129284,129286,129288],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,129265,142],{"class":141},[44,129267,123],{"class":115},[44,129269,308],{"class":119},[44,129271,116],{"class":115},[44,129273,8779],{"class":119},[44,129275,8776],{"class":115},[44,129277,128489],{"class":119},[44,129279,123],{"class":115},[44,129281,112],{"class":58},[44,129283,3971],{"class":62},[44,129285,112],{"class":58},[44,129287,5495],{"class":115},[44,129289,51377],{"class":3787},[30,129291,129293,10724,129295],{"id":129292},"find-vs-index",[15,129294,124463],{},[15,129296,59099],{},[20,129298,129299,536,129301,129303],{},[15,129300,124463],{},[15,129302,59099],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[218,129305,129306,129312],{},[221,129307,129308,2518,129310],{},[15,129309,124463],{},[15,129311,65987],{},[221,129313,129314,52624,129316],{},[15,129315,59099],{},[15,129317,40841],{},[20,129319,189,129320,129322],{},[15,129321,124463],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129324,189,129325,129327],{},[15,129326,59099],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,129329,129331],{"className":37,"code":129330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129332,129333,129345,129349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129334,129335,129337,129339,129341,129343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129336,248],{"class":50},[44,129338,55],{"class":54},[44,129340,59],{"class":58},[44,129342,3971],{"class":62},[44,129344,66],{"class":58},[44,129346,129347],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129348,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,129350,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,129352,142],{"class":141},[44,129354,123],{"class":115},[44,129356,308],{"class":119},[44,129358,116],{"class":115},[44,129360,128489],{"class":119},[44,129362,123],{"class":115},[44,129364,112],{"class":58},[44,129366,2294],{"class":62},[44,129368,112],{"class":58},[44,129370,5495],{"class":115},[44,129372,129373],{"class":3787},"   # -1\n",[35,129375,129377],{"className":37,"code":129376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129378,129379,129391,129395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129380,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129382,248],{"class":50},[44,129384,55],{"class":54},[44,129386,59],{"class":58},[44,129388,3971],{"class":62},[44,129390,66],{"class":58},[44,129392,129393],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129394,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,129396,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,129398,142],{"class":141},[44,129400,123],{"class":115},[44,129402,308],{"class":119},[44,129404,116],{"class":115},[44,129406,35982],{"class":119},[44,129408,123],{"class":115},[44,129410,112],{"class":58},[44,129412,2294],{"class":62},[44,129414,112],{"class":58},[44,129416,5495],{"class":115},[44,129418,129419],{"class":3787},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129421,129422,129423,129427,129428,129430,129431,116],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[200,129424,129425,129154],{"href":124488},[15,129426,59099],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129429,59099],{},", read ",[200,129432,25814,129433],{"href":73613},[15,129434,129435],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[30,129437,41183],{"id":41182},[20,129439,35541,129440,129442],{},[15,129441,124463],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[218,129444,129445,129448,129451,129454],{},[221,129446,129447],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[221,129449,129450],{},"Get the position of a word",[221,129452,129453],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[221,129455,129456],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129458,129459],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,129461,129463],{"className":37,"code":129462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129464,129465,129478,129501,129505,129520,129536,129555,129569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129466,129467,129469,129471,129473,129476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129468,248],{"class":50},[44,129470,55],{"class":54},[44,129472,59],{"class":58},[44,129474,129475],{"class":62},"name:Alice",[44,129477,66],{"class":58},[44,129479,129480,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491,129493,129495,129497,129499],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129481,129482],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,129484,55],{"class":54},[44,129486,269],{"class":50},[44,129488,116],{"class":115},[44,129490,128489],{"class":119},[44,129492,123],{"class":115},[44,129494,112],{"class":58},[44,129496,790],{"class":62},[44,129498,112],{"class":58},[44,129500,135],{"class":115},[44,129502,129503],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,129504,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,129506,129507,129509,129512,129514,129516,129518],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,129508,7135],{"class":4003},[44,129510,129511],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,129513,72723],{"class":54},[44,129515,2343],{"class":54},[44,129517,3111],{"class":77},[44,129519,6530],{"class":115},[44,129521,129522,129525,129527,129529,129531,129534],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,129523,129524],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,129526,55],{"class":54},[44,129528,269],{"class":50},[44,129530,75666],{"class":115},[44,129532,129533],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,129535,3757],{"class":115},[44,129537,129538,129540,129542,129544,129546,129548,129550,129552],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,129539,27536],{"class":50},[44,129541,55],{"class":54},[44,129543,269],{"class":50},[44,129545,4027],{"class":115},[44,129547,129482],{"class":50},[44,129549,2180],{"class":54},[44,129551,5632],{"class":77},[44,129553,129554],{"class":115},":]\n",[44,129556,129557,129559,129561,129564,129566],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,129558,8206],{"class":141},[44,129560,123],{"class":115},[44,129562,129563],{"class":119},"label",[44,129565,3784],{"class":115},[44,129567,129568],{"class":3787},"  # name\n",[44,129570,129571,129573,129575,129577,129579],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,129572,8206],{"class":141},[44,129574,123],{"class":115},[44,129576,379],{"class":119},[44,129578,3784],{"class":115},[44,129580,129581],{"class":3787},"  # Alice\n",[20,129583,129584,129585,116],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[200,129586,127501],{"href":123723},[30,129588,1467],{"id":1466},[20,129590,129591,129592,790],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129593,124463],{},[218,129595,129596,129605,129611,129616,129622],{},[221,129597,1707,129598,8594,129600,3000,129602,129604],{},[15,129599,124463],{},[15,129601,3724],{},[15,129603,3798],{}," instead of an index",[221,129606,129607,129608,129610],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129609,65987],{}," when the substring is missing",[221,129612,8556,129613,129615],{},[15,129614,124463],{}," without handling case differences",[221,129617,37341,129618,8844,129620],{},[15,129619,124463],{},[15,129621,59099],{},[221,129623,4709,129624,129626],{},[15,129625,124463],{}," changes the string",[20,129628,129629],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,129631,129633],{"className":37,"code":129632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129634,129635,129647,129651,129671,129686,129692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129636,129637,129639,129641,129643,129645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129638,248],{"class":50},[44,129640,55],{"class":54},[44,129642,59],{"class":58},[44,129644,3971],{"class":62},[44,129646,66],{"class":58},[44,129648,129649],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129650,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,129652,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665,129667,129669],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,129654,7135],{"class":4003},[44,129656,269],{"class":50},[44,129658,116],{"class":115},[44,129660,128489],{"class":119},[44,129662,123],{"class":115},[44,129664,112],{"class":58},[44,129666,60570],{"class":62},[44,129668,112],{"class":58},[44,129670,8480],{"class":115},[44,129672,129673,129675,129677,129679,129682,129684],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,129674,8206],{"class":141},[44,129676,123],{"class":115},[44,129678,112],{"class":58},[44,129680,129681],{"class":62},"Found",[44,129683,112],{"class":58},[44,129685,135],{"class":115},[44,129687,129688,129690],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,129689,27569],{"class":4003},[44,129691,6530],{"class":115},[44,129693,129694,129696,129698,129700,129702,129704],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,129695,8206],{"class":141},[44,129697,123],{"class":115},[44,129699,112],{"class":58},[44,129701,26450],{"class":62},[44,129703,112],{"class":58},[44,129705,135],{"class":115},[20,129707,100034],{},[35,129709,129711],{"className":37,"code":129710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,129712,129713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129714,129715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129716,129710],{"class":50},[20,129718,45837,129719,129722,129723,17210,129725,129727,129728,129730],{},[15,129720,129721],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129724,2240],{},[15,129726,2240],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129729,7135],{}," statement.",[20,129732,129733],{},"A safer version is:",[35,129735,129737],{"className":37,"code":129736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129738,129739,129751,129755,129784,129798,129804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129740,129741,129743,129745,129747,129749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129742,248],{"class":50},[44,129744,55],{"class":54},[44,129746,59],{"class":58},[44,129748,3971],{"class":62},[44,129750,66],{"class":58},[44,129752,129753],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129754,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,129756,129757,129759,129761,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773,129775,129778,129780,129782],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,129758,7135],{"class":4003},[44,129760,269],{"class":50},[44,129762,116],{"class":115},[44,129764,128489],{"class":119},[44,129766,123],{"class":115},[44,129768,112],{"class":58},[44,129770,60570],{"class":62},[44,129772,112],{"class":58},[44,129774,3784],{"class":115},[44,129776,129777],{"class":54}," !=",[44,129779,2343],{"class":54},[44,129781,3111],{"class":77},[44,129783,6530],{"class":115},[44,129785,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794,129796],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,129787,8206],{"class":141},[44,129789,123],{"class":115},[44,129791,112],{"class":58},[44,129793,129681],{"class":62},[44,129795,112],{"class":58},[44,129797,135],{"class":115},[44,129799,129800,129802],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,129801,27569],{"class":4003},[44,129803,6530],{"class":115},[44,129805,129806,129808,129810,129812,129814,129816],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,129807,8206],{"class":141},[44,129809,123],{"class":115},[44,129811,112],{"class":58},[44,129813,26450],{"class":62},[44,129815,112],{"class":58},[44,129817,135],{"class":115},[20,129819,129820],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,129822,129824],{"className":37,"code":129823,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129825,129826,129848,129862,129888,129902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129827,129828,129830,129832,129834,129836,129838,129840,129842,129844,129846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129829,142],{"class":141},[44,129831,123],{"class":115},[44,129833,308],{"class":119},[44,129835,116],{"class":115},[44,129837,128489],{"class":119},[44,129839,123],{"class":115},[44,129841,1338],{"class":58},[44,129843,38528],{"class":62},[44,129845,1338],{"class":58},[44,129847,567],{"class":115},[44,129849,129850,129852,129854,129856,129858,129860],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,129851,142],{"class":141},[44,129853,123],{"class":115},[44,129855,41917],{"class":141},[44,129857,123],{"class":115},[44,129859,308],{"class":119},[44,129861,567],{"class":115},[44,129863,129864,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,129865,142],{"class":141},[44,129867,123],{"class":115},[44,129869,308],{"class":119},[44,129871,116],{"class":115},[44,129873,8779],{"class":119},[44,129875,8776],{"class":115},[44,129877,128489],{"class":119},[44,129879,123],{"class":115},[44,129881,1338],{"class":58},[44,129883,38528],{"class":62},[44,129885,1338],{"class":58},[44,129887,567],{"class":115},[44,129889,129890,129892,129894,129896,129898,129900],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,129891,142],{"class":141},[44,129893,123],{"class":115},[44,129895,11302],{"class":141},[44,129897,123],{"class":115},[44,129899,308],{"class":119},[44,129901,567],{"class":115},[44,129903,129904,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926,129928,129930],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,129905,142],{"class":141},[44,129907,123],{"class":115},[44,129909,308],{"class":119},[44,129911,116],{"class":115},[44,129913,128489],{"class":119},[44,129915,123],{"class":115},[44,129917,1338],{"class":58},[44,129919,38528],{"class":62},[44,129921,1338],{"class":58},[44,129923,129],{"class":115},[44,129925,36188],{"class":119},[44,129927,129],{"class":115},[44,129929,65173],{"class":119},[44,129931,567],{"class":115},[20,129933,129934],{},"These help you check:",[218,129936,129937,129942,129947,129952,129955],{},[221,129938,129939,129940],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129941,124463],{},[221,129943,129944,129945],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129946,122684],{},[221,129948,129949,129950],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129951,124198],{},[221,129953,129954],{},"The string length",[221,129956,129957,129958,536,129960,129962],{},"Whether your ",[15,129959,36209],{},[15,129961,52790],{}," values are correct",[30,129964,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,129966,1972,129968,129970],{"id":129967},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found",[15,129969,124463],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129972,5280,129973,116],{},[15,129974,65987],{},[1474,129976,12844,129978,129980],{"id":129977},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129979,124463],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129982,129983],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1474,129985,129987,129988,124804],{"id":129986},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129989,124463],{},[20,129991,129992],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1474,129994,5312,129996,536,129998,69786],{"id":129995},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129997,124463],{},[15,129999,59099],{},[20,130001,130002,2518,130004,130006,130007,52624,130009,116],{},[15,130003,124463],{},[15,130005,65987],{}," if not found, while ",[15,130008,59099],{},[15,130010,40841],{},[1474,130012,28464,130014,130016],{"id":130013},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,130015,124463],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,130018,130019,130020,536,130022,66286],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,130021,36209],{},[15,130023,52790],{},[30,130025,2019],{"id":2018},[218,130027,130028,130034,130040,130047,130053,130060,130064,130069],{},[221,130029,130030],{},[200,130031,126466,130032,10880],{"href":124488},[15,130033,59099],{},[221,130035,130036],{},[200,130037,126466,130038,10880],{"href":129151},[15,130039,60663],{},[221,130041,130042],{},[200,130043,126466,130045,10880],{"href":130044},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130046,124639],{},[221,130048,130049],{},[200,130050,126466,130051,10880],{"href":127830},[15,130052,127833],{},[221,130054,130055],{},[200,130056,126466,130058,10880],{"href":130057},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130059,126523],{},[221,130061,130062],{},[200,130063,124867],{"href":123723},[221,130065,130066],{},[200,130067,130068],{"href":129147},"How to split a string in 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{"class":115},[44,131697,112],{"class":58},[44,131699,280],{"class":62},[44,131701,112],{"class":58},[44,131703,567],{"class":115},[44,131705,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,131707,1934],{"class":141},[44,131709,123],{"class":115},[44,131711,1335],{"class":1296},[44,131713,116],{"class":115},[44,131715,120],{"class":685},[44,131717,135],{"class":115},[20,131719,1947],{},[218,131721,131722,131724,131726,131728],{},[221,131723,1952],{},[221,131725,1955],{},[221,131727,1958],{},[221,131729,1961,131730],{},[15,131731,1964],{},[30,131733,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,131735,1972,131736,1975],{"id":1971},[15,131737,17],{},[20,131739,1978],{},[1474,131741,1982],{"id":1981},[20,131743,1985,131744,1988],{},[15,131745,101],{},[1474,131747,1992,131748,1995],{"id":1991},[15,131749,17],{},[20,131751,1998,131752,2002],{},[15,131753,2001],{},[1474,131755,2006,131756,2009],{"id":2005},[15,131757,17],{},[20,131759,2012,131760,2015],{},[15,131761,17],{},[30,131763,2019],{"id":2018},[218,131765,131766,131770,131774,131780,131786],{},[221,131767,131768],{},[200,131769,203],{"href":202},[221,131771,131772],{},[200,131773,2030],{"href":1462},[221,131775,131776],{},[200,131777,1013,131778,1017],{"href":1211},[15,131779,1214],{},[221,131781,131782],{},[200,131783,1013,131784,1017],{"href":1012},[15,131785,1016],{},[221,131787,131788],{},[200,131789,1864],{"href":1863},[2048,131791,2050],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":131793},[131794,131795,131796,131797,131798,131799,131800,131801,131802,131809,131810,131816],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":206,"depth":69,"text":2055},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":508,"depth":69,"text":509},{"id":777,"depth":69,"text":778},{"id":1020,"depth":69,"text":1021},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":1347,"depth":69,"text":2062},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":131803},[131804,131805,131806,131807,131808],{"id":1476,"depth":81,"text":1477},{"id":1593,"depth":81,"text":1594},{"id":1706,"depth":81,"text":2068},{"id":1837,"depth":81,"text":2070},{"id":1847,"depth":81,"text":1848},{"id":1867,"depth":69,"text":1868},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":131811},[131812,131813,131814,131815],{"id":1971,"depth":81,"text":2076},{"id":1981,"depth":81,"text":1982},{"id":1991,"depth":81,"text":2079},{"id":2005,"depth":81,"text":2081},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},{},{"title":5,"description":2083},{"id":131820,"title":131821,"body":131822,"description":133302,"extension":2084,"meta":133303,"navigation":84,"path":133304,"seo":133305,"stem":133306,"__hash__":133307},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131823,"toc":133274},[131824,131829,131834,131839,131841,131903,131910,131916,131921,131923,131939,131941,132012,132014,132028,132031,132081,132083,132085,132112,132115,132130,132133,132174,132177,132222,132229,132278,132280,132288,132290,132308,132310,132403,132411,132452,132457,132464,132470,132477,132480,132484,132585,132587,132609,132613,132666,132669,132672,132678,132685,132687,132726,132728,132746,132756,132763,132846,132849,132856,132863,132870,132874,132882,132928,132932,132941,133006,133011,133016,133027,133029,133034,133061,133063,133166,133169,133189,133191,133196,133199,133203,133207,133214,133223,133229,133232,133238,133240,133242,133271],[10,131825,13,131827,18],{"id":131826},"python-string-index-method",[15,131828,59099],{},[20,131830,22,131831,131833],{},[15,131832,59099],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131835,131836,131837,116],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131838,40841],{},[30,131840,33],{"id":32},[35,131842,131844],{"className":37,"code":131843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131845,131846,131858,131880,131890,131894,131898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131847,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131849,248],{"class":50},[44,131851,55],{"class":54},[44,131853,59],{"class":58},[44,131855,60538],{"class":62},[44,131857,66],{"class":58},[44,131859,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131861,65052],{"class":50},[44,131863,55],{"class":54},[44,131865,269],{"class":50},[44,131867,116],{"class":115},[44,131869,35982],{"class":119},[44,131871,123],{"class":115},[44,131873,112],{"class":58},[44,131875,60723],{"class":62},[44,131877,112],{"class":58},[44,131879,135],{"class":115},[44,131881,131882,131884,131886,131888],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,131883,142],{"class":141},[44,131885,123],{"class":115},[44,131887,65079],{"class":119},[44,131889,135],{"class":115},[44,131891,131892],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,131893,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,131895,131896],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,131897,90943],{"class":3787},[44,131899,131900],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,131901,131902],{"class":3787},"# 6\n",[20,131904,189,131905,131907,131908,116],{},[15,131906,59099],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131909,40841],{},[30,131911,3802,131913,3805],{"id":131912},"what-strindex-does",[15,131914,131915],{},"str.index()",[20,131917,131918,131920],{},[15,131919,131915],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131922,13189],{},[218,131924,131925,131928,131931,131934],{},[221,131926,131927],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[221,131929,131930],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[221,131932,131933],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[221,131935,30430,131936,131938],{},[15,131937,40841],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131940,238],{},[35,131942,131944],{"className":37,"code":131943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131945,131946,131958,131962,131987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131947,131948,131950,131952,131954,131956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131949,248],{"class":50},[44,131951,55],{"class":54},[44,131953,59],{"class":58},[44,131955,4216],{"class":62},[44,131957,66],{"class":58},[44,131959,131960],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,131961,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,131963,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,131965,142],{"class":141},[44,131967,123],{"class":115},[44,131969,308],{"class":119},[44,131971,116],{"class":115},[44,131973,35982],{"class":119},[44,131975,123],{"class":115},[44,131977,112],{"class":58},[44,131979,200],{"class":62},[44,131981,112],{"class":58},[44,131983,5495],{"class":115},[44,131985,131986],{"class":3787},"     # 1\n",[44,131988,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,131990,142],{"class":141},[44,131992,123],{"class":115},[44,131994,308],{"class":119},[44,131996,116],{"class":115},[44,131998,35982],{"class":119},[44,132000,123],{"class":115},[44,132002,112],{"class":58},[44,132004,123561],{"class":62},[44,132006,112],{"class":58},[44,132008,5495],{"class":115},[44,132010,132011],{"class":3787},"    # 2\n",[20,132013,2299],{},[218,132015,132016,132022],{},[221,132017,132018,128677,132020],{},[15,132019,18233],{},[15,132021,3111],{},[221,132023,132024,128677,132026],{},[15,132025,128676],{},[15,132027,2177],{},[20,132029,132030],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,132032,132034],{"className":37,"code":132033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132035,132036,132048,132052,132076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132037,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132039,248],{"class":50},[44,132041,55],{"class":54},[44,132043,59],{"class":58},[44,132045,324],{"class":62},[44,132047,66],{"class":58},[44,132049,132050],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132051,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,132053,132054,132056,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,132055,142],{"class":141},[44,132057,123],{"class":115},[44,132059,308],{"class":119},[44,132061,116],{"class":115},[44,132063,35982],{"class":119},[44,132065,123],{"class":115},[44,132067,112],{"class":58},[44,132069,51321],{"class":62},[44,132071,112],{"class":58},[44,132073,5495],{"class":115},[44,132075,20905],{"class":3787},[44,132077,132078],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,132079,132080],{"class":3787},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,132082,351],{"id":350},[20,132084,2280],{},[35,132086,132088],{"className":37,"code":132087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132089,132090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132091,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108,132110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132093,61306],{"class":50},[44,132095,116],{"class":115},[44,132097,35982],{"class":119},[44,132099,123],{"class":115},[44,132101,379],{"class":119},[44,132103,129],{"class":115},[44,132105,36188],{"class":119},[44,132107,129],{"class":115},[44,132109,65173],{"class":119},[44,132111,135],{"class":115},[20,132113,132114],{},"Parameters:",[218,132116,132117,132121,132125],{},[221,132118,132119,123660],{},[15,132120,379],{},[221,132122,132123,128723],{},[15,132124,36209],{},[221,132126,132127,132129],{},[15,132128,52790],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132131,132132],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,132134,132136],{"className":37,"code":132135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132137,132138,132150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132139,132140,132142,132144,132146,132148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132141,248],{"class":50},[44,132143,55],{"class":54},[44,132145,59],{"class":58},[44,132147,39],{"class":62},[44,132149,66],{"class":58},[44,132151,132152,132154,132156,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132153,142],{"class":141},[44,132155,123],{"class":115},[44,132157,308],{"class":119},[44,132159,116],{"class":115},[44,132161,35982],{"class":119},[44,132163,123],{"class":115},[44,132165,112],{"class":58},[44,132167,63419],{"class":62},[44,132169,112],{"class":58},[44,132171,5495],{"class":115},[44,132173,51545],{"class":3787},[20,132175,132176],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,132178,132180],{"className":37,"code":132179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132181,132182,132194],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132183,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132185,248],{"class":50},[44,132187,55],{"class":54},[44,132189,59],{"class":58},[44,132191,4216],{"class":62},[44,132193,66],{"class":58},[44,132195,132196,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132197,142],{"class":141},[44,132199,123],{"class":115},[44,132201,308],{"class":119},[44,132203,116],{"class":115},[44,132205,35982],{"class":119},[44,132207,123],{"class":115},[44,132209,112],{"class":58},[44,132211,200],{"class":62},[44,132213,112],{"class":58},[44,132215,129],{"class":115},[44,132217,3116],{"class":77},[44,132219,5495],{"class":115},[44,132221,50901],{"class":3787},[20,132223,132224,132225,536,132227,790],{},"Or include both ",[15,132226,36209],{},[15,132228,52790],{},[35,132230,132232],{"className":37,"code":132231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132233,132234,132246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132235,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132237,248],{"class":50},[44,132239,55],{"class":54},[44,132241,59],{"class":58},[44,132243,4216],{"class":62},[44,132245,66],{"class":58},[44,132247,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132249,142],{"class":141},[44,132251,123],{"class":115},[44,132253,308],{"class":119},[44,132255,116],{"class":115},[44,132257,35982],{"class":119},[44,132259,123],{"class":115},[44,132261,112],{"class":58},[44,132263,200],{"class":62},[44,132265,112],{"class":58},[44,132267,129],{"class":115},[44,132269,3116],{"class":77},[44,132271,129],{"class":115},[44,132273,4735],{"class":77},[44,132275,5495],{"class":115},[44,132277,50901],{"class":3787},[30,132279,38157],{"id":38156},[20,132281,28844,132282,132284,132285,116],{},[15,132283,59099],{}," is a ",[153,132286,132287],{},"zero-based index",[20,132289,2227],{},[218,132291,132292,132298,132303],{},[221,132293,132294,132295,132297],{},"Index ",[15,132296,2240],{}," is the first character",[221,132299,132294,132300,132302],{},[15,132301,3111],{}," is the second character",[221,132304,132294,132305,132307],{},[15,132306,2177],{}," is the third character",[20,132309,238],{},[35,132311,132313],{"className":37,"code":132312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132314,132315,132327,132331,132355,132379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132316,132317,132319,132321,132323,132325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132318,248],{"class":50},[44,132320,55],{"class":54},[44,132322,59],{"class":58},[44,132324,417],{"class":62},[44,132326,66],{"class":58},[44,132328,132329],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132330,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,132332,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,132334,142],{"class":141},[44,132336,123],{"class":115},[44,132338,308],{"class":119},[44,132340,116],{"class":115},[44,132342,35982],{"class":119},[44,132344,123],{"class":115},[44,132346,112],{"class":58},[44,132348,9878],{"class":62},[44,132350,112],{"class":58},[44,132352,5495],{"class":115},[44,132354,51377],{"class":3787},[44,132356,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,132358,142],{"class":141},[44,132360,123],{"class":115},[44,132362,308],{"class":119},[44,132364,116],{"class":115},[44,132366,35982],{"class":119},[44,132368,123],{"class":115},[44,132370,112],{"class":58},[44,132372,200],{"class":62},[44,132374,112],{"class":58},[44,132376,5495],{"class":115},[44,132378,27915],{"class":3787},[44,132380,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,132382,142],{"class":141},[44,132384,123],{"class":115},[44,132386,308],{"class":119},[44,132388,116],{"class":115},[44,132390,35982],{"class":119},[44,132392,123],{"class":115},[44,132394,112],{"class":58},[44,132396,63419],{"class":62},[44,132398,112],{"class":58},[44,132400,5495],{"class":115},[44,132402,51545],{"class":3787},[20,132404,132405,132407,132408,132410],{},[15,132406,59099],{}," returns only the ",[153,132409,30045],{}," matching position.",[35,132412,132414],{"className":37,"code":132413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132415,132416,132428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132417,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132419,248],{"class":50},[44,132421,55],{"class":54},[44,132423,59],{"class":58},[44,132425,4216],{"class":62},[44,132427,66],{"class":58},[44,132429,132430,132432,132434,132436,132438,132440,132442,132444,132446,132448,132450],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132431,142],{"class":141},[44,132433,123],{"class":115},[44,132435,308],{"class":119},[44,132437,116],{"class":115},[44,132439,35982],{"class":119},[44,132441,123],{"class":115},[44,132443,112],{"class":58},[44,132445,200],{"class":62},[44,132447,112],{"class":58},[44,132449,5495],{"class":115},[44,132451,27915],{"class":3787},[20,132453,21115,132454,132456],{},[15,132455,18233],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132458,132459,132460,116],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[200,132461,132462,10880],{"href":124918},[15,132463,58721],{},[30,132465,8556,132466,536,132468],{"id":65539},[15,132467,36209],{},[15,132469,52790],{},[20,132471,213,132472,536,132474,132476],{},[15,132473,36209],{},[15,132475,52790],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132478,132479],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132481,1361,132482,790],{},[15,132483,36209],{},[35,132485,132487],{"className":37,"code":132486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132488,132489,132501,132505,132529,132557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132490,132491,132493,132495,132497,132499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132492,248],{"class":50},[44,132494,55],{"class":54},[44,132496,59],{"class":58},[44,132498,4216],{"class":62},[44,132500,66],{"class":58},[44,132502,132503],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132504,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,132506,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,132508,142],{"class":141},[44,132510,123],{"class":115},[44,132512,308],{"class":119},[44,132514,116],{"class":115},[44,132516,35982],{"class":119},[44,132518,123],{"class":115},[44,132520,112],{"class":58},[44,132522,200],{"class":62},[44,132524,112],{"class":58},[44,132526,5495],{"class":115},[44,132528,51250],{"class":3787},[44,132530,132531,132533,132535,132537,132539,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553,132555],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,132532,142],{"class":141},[44,132534,123],{"class":115},[44,132536,308],{"class":119},[44,132538,116],{"class":115},[44,132540,35982],{"class":119},[44,132542,123],{"class":115},[44,132544,112],{"class":58},[44,132546,200],{"class":62},[44,132548,112],{"class":58},[44,132550,129],{"class":115},[44,132552,3116],{"class":77},[44,132554,5495],{"class":115},[44,132556,51100],{"class":3787},[44,132558,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567,132569,132571,132573,132575,132577,132579,132581,132583],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,132560,142],{"class":141},[44,132562,123],{"class":115},[44,132564,308],{"class":119},[44,132566,116],{"class":115},[44,132568,35982],{"class":119},[44,132570,123],{"class":115},[44,132572,112],{"class":58},[44,132574,200],{"class":62},[44,132576,112],{"class":58},[44,132578,129],{"class":115},[44,132580,2579],{"class":77},[44,132582,5495],{"class":115},[44,132584,50884],{"class":3787},[20,132586,20094],{},[218,132588,132589,132596,132602],{},[221,132590,132591,132592,65729,132594],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132593,18233],{},[15,132595,3111],{},[221,132597,132598,132599,132601],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132600,2177],{}," skips that first match",[221,132603,132598,132604,132606,132607],{},[15,132605,2626],{}," finds the last ",[15,132608,18233],{},[20,132610,1361,132611,790],{},[15,132612,52790],{},[35,132614,132616],{"className":37,"code":132615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132617,132618,132630,132634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132619,132620,132622,132624,132626,132628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132621,248],{"class":50},[44,132623,55],{"class":54},[44,132625,59],{"class":58},[44,132627,4216],{"class":62},[44,132629,66],{"class":58},[44,132631,132632],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132633,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,132635,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646,132648,132650,132652,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662,132664],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,132637,142],{"class":141},[44,132639,123],{"class":115},[44,132641,308],{"class":119},[44,132643,116],{"class":115},[44,132645,35982],{"class":119},[44,132647,123],{"class":115},[44,132649,112],{"class":58},[44,132651,76161],{"class":62},[44,132653,112],{"class":58},[44,132655,129],{"class":115},[44,132657,3959],{"class":77},[44,132659,129],{"class":115},[44,132661,2579],{"class":77},[44,132663,5495],{"class":115},[44,132665,51545],{"class":3787},[20,132667,132668],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132670,132671],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[30,132673,44347,132675,132677],{"id":132674},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132676,59099],{}," causes an error",[20,132679,132680,132681,52624,132683,116],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132682,59099],{},[15,132684,40841],{},[20,132686,238],{},[35,132688,132690],{"className":37,"code":132689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132691,132692,132704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132693,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132695,248],{"class":50},[44,132697,55],{"class":54},[44,132699,59],{"class":58},[44,132701,3971],{"class":62},[44,132703,66],{"class":58},[44,132705,132706,132708,132710,132712,132714,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132707,142],{"class":141},[44,132709,123],{"class":115},[44,132711,308],{"class":119},[44,132713,116],{"class":115},[44,132715,35982],{"class":119},[44,132717,123],{"class":115},[44,132719,112],{"class":58},[44,132721,22214],{"class":62},[44,132723,112],{"class":58},[44,132725,567],{"class":115},[20,132727,155],{},[35,132729,132731],{"className":37,"code":132730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132732,132733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132734,132735,132737,132739,132742,132744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132736,40841],{"class":1296},[44,132738,790],{"class":115},[44,132740,132741],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,132743,4761],{"class":54},[44,132745,65962],{"class":50},[20,132747,53471,132748,126432,132753,132755],{},[200,132749,132750],{"href":130107},[15,132751,132752],{},"str.find()",[15,132754,65987],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132757,132758,132759,536,132761,790],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132760,29940],{},[15,132762,29971],{},[35,132764,132766],{"className":37,"code":132765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132767,132768,132780,132784,132790,132813,132823,132831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132769,132770,132772,132774,132776,132778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132771,248],{"class":50},[44,132773,55],{"class":54},[44,132775,59],{"class":58},[44,132777,3971],{"class":62},[44,132779,66],{"class":58},[44,132781,132782],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132783,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,132785,132786,132788],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,132787,29940],{"class":4003},[44,132789,6530],{"class":115},[44,132791,132792,132795,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,132793,132794],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,132796,55],{"class":54},[44,132798,269],{"class":50},[44,132800,116],{"class":115},[44,132802,35982],{"class":119},[44,132804,123],{"class":115},[44,132806,112],{"class":58},[44,132808,22214],{"class":62},[44,132810,112],{"class":58},[44,132812,135],{"class":115},[44,132814,132815,132817,132819,132821],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,132816,8206],{"class":141},[44,132818,123],{"class":115},[44,132820,65079],{"class":119},[44,132822,135],{"class":115},[44,132824,132825,132827,132829],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,132826,29971],{"class":4003},[44,132828,42064],{"class":1296},[44,132830,6530],{"class":115},[44,132832,132833,132835,132837,132839,132842,132844],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,132834,8206],{"class":141},[44,132836,123],{"class":115},[44,132838,112],{"class":58},[44,132840,132841],{"class":62},"Substring not found",[44,132843,112],{"class":58},[44,132845,135],{"class":115},[20,132847,132848],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132850,42084,132851,116],{},[200,132852,25814,132854],{"href":132853},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132855,129435],{},[30,132857,132859,10724,132861],{"id":132858},"index-vs-find",[15,132860,59099],{},[15,132862,124463],{},[20,132864,132865,536,132867,132869],{},[15,132866,59099],{},[15,132868,124463],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1474,132871,132872],{"id":35982},[15,132873,59099],{},[218,132875,132876,132879],{},[221,132877,132878],{},"Returns the first match position",[221,132880,132881],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,132883,132885],{"className":37,"code":132884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132886,132887,132899,132923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132888,132889,132891,132893,132895,132897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132890,248],{"class":50},[44,132892,55],{"class":54},[44,132894,59],{"class":58},[44,132896,3971],{"class":62},[44,132898,66],{"class":58},[44,132900,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909,132911,132913,132915,132917,132919,132921],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132902,142],{"class":141},[44,132904,123],{"class":115},[44,132906,308],{"class":119},[44,132908,116],{"class":115},[44,132910,35982],{"class":119},[44,132912,123],{"class":115},[44,132914,112],{"class":58},[44,132916,60579],{"class":62},[44,132918,112],{"class":58},[44,132920,5495],{"class":115},[44,132922,27915],{"class":3787},[44,132924,132925],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,132926,132927],{"class":3787},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1474,132929,132930],{"id":128489},[15,132931,124463],{},[218,132933,132934,132936],{},[221,132935,132878],{},[221,132937,11563,132938,132940],{},[15,132939,65987],{}," if nothing is found",[35,132942,132944],{"className":37,"code":132943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132945,132946,132958,132982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132947,132948,132950,132952,132954,132956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132949,248],{"class":50},[44,132951,55],{"class":54},[44,132953,59],{"class":58},[44,132955,3971],{"class":62},[44,132957,66],{"class":58},[44,132959,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974,132976,132978,132980],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,132961,142],{"class":141},[44,132963,123],{"class":115},[44,132965,308],{"class":119},[44,132967,116],{"class":115},[44,132969,128489],{"class":119},[44,132971,123],{"class":115},[44,132973,112],{"class":58},[44,132975,60579],{"class":62},[44,132977,112],{"class":58},[44,132979,5495],{"class":115},[44,132981,27915],{"class":3787},[44,132983,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996,132998,133000,133002,133004],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,132985,142],{"class":141},[44,132987,123],{"class":115},[44,132989,308],{"class":119},[44,132991,116],{"class":115},[44,132993,128489],{"class":119},[44,132995,123],{"class":115},[44,132997,112],{"class":58},[44,132999,22214],{"class":62},[44,133001,112],{"class":58},[44,133003,5495],{"class":115},[44,133005,128845],{"class":3787},[20,133007,189,133008,133010],{},[15,133009,59099],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133012,189,133013,133015],{},[15,133014,124463],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133017,133018,133019,3000,133024,116],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[200,133020,133021,133023],{"href":130107},[15,133022,132752],{}," method reference",[200,133025,127501],{"href":133026},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[30,133028,1467],{"id":1466},[20,133030,133031,133032,790],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133033,59099],{},[218,133035,133036,133039,133046,133051,133056],{},[221,133037,133038],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[221,133040,1707,133041,8594,133043,133045],{},[15,133042,59099],{},[15,133044,65987],{}," when no match exists",[221,133047,8556,133048,133050],{},[15,133049,59099],{}," on a value that may not be present",[221,133052,133053,133054],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133055,3111],{},[221,133057,4709,133058,133060],{},[15,133059,59099],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133062,62427],{},[35,133064,133066],{"className":37,"code":133065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133067,133068,133078,133092,133114,133136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133069,133070,133072,133074,133076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133071,142],{"class":141},[44,133073,123],{"class":115},[44,133075,308],{"class":119},[44,133077,135],{"class":115},[44,133079,133080,133082,133084,133086,133088,133090],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133081,142],{"class":141},[44,133083,123],{"class":115},[44,133085,41917],{"class":141},[44,133087,123],{"class":115},[44,133089,308],{"class":119},[44,133091,567],{"class":115},[44,133093,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,133095,142],{"class":141},[44,133097,123],{"class":115},[44,133099,308],{"class":119},[44,133101,116],{"class":115},[44,133103,35982],{"class":119},[44,133105,123],{"class":115},[44,133107,112],{"class":58},[44,133109,379],{"class":62},[44,133111,112],{"class":58},[44,133113,567],{"class":115},[44,133115,133116,133118,133120,133122,133124,133126,133128,133130,133132,133134],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,133117,142],{"class":141},[44,133119,123],{"class":115},[44,133121,308],{"class":119},[44,133123,116],{"class":115},[44,133125,128489],{"class":119},[44,133127,123],{"class":115},[44,133129,112],{"class":58},[44,133131,379],{"class":62},[44,133133,112],{"class":58},[44,133135,567],{"class":115},[44,133137,133138,133140,133142,133144,133146,133148,133150,133152,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,133139,142],{"class":141},[44,133141,123],{"class":115},[44,133143,308],{"class":119},[44,133145,116],{"class":115},[44,133147,35982],{"class":119},[44,133149,123],{"class":115},[44,133151,112],{"class":58},[44,133153,379],{"class":62},[44,133155,112],{"class":58},[44,133157,129],{"class":115},[44,133159,36188],{"class":119},[44,133161,129],{"class":115},[44,133163,65173],{"class":119},[44,133165,567],{"class":115},[20,133167,133168],{},"Tips:",[218,133170,133171,133176,133181,133184],{},[221,133172,189,133173,133175],{},[15,133174,126388],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[221,133177,189,133178,133180],{},[15,133179,124463],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[221,133182,133183],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[221,133185,133186,133187],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133188,2240],{},[30,133190,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,133192,1972,133194,1975],{"id":133193},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133195,59099],{},[20,133197,133198],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1474,133200,133202],{"id":133201},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133204,76989,133205,116],{},[15,133206,40841],{},[1474,133208,5312,133210,536,133212,1995],{"id":133209},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133211,59099],{},[15,133213,124463],{},[20,133215,133216,133218,133219,2518,133221,6768],{},[15,133217,59099],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133220,124463],{},[15,133222,65987],{},[1474,133224,5302,133226,133228],{"id":133225},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133227,59099],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133230,133231],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1474,133233,133235,133236,124804],{"id":133234},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133237,59099],{},[20,133239,129992],{},[30,133241,2019],{"id":2018},[218,133243,133244,133250,133254,133259,133265],{},[221,133245,133246],{},[200,133247,133248,10880],{"href":130107},[15,133249,132752],{},[221,133251,133252],{},[200,133253,124867],{"href":133026},[221,133255,133256],{},[200,133257,130068],{"href":133258},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[221,133260,133261],{},[200,133262,133263,10880],{"href":124918},[15,133264,58721],{},[221,133266,133267],{},[200,133268,30484,133269],{"href":132853},[15,133270,129435],{},[2048,133272,133273],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":133275},[133276,133277,133279,133280,133281,133282,133284,133289,133290,133301],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":131912,"depth":69,"text":133278},"What str.index() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":38156,"depth":69,"text":38157},{"id":65539,"depth":69,"text":66322},{"id":132674,"depth":69,"text":133283},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132858,"depth":69,"text":133285,"children":133286},"index() vs find()",[133287,133288],{"id":35982,"depth":81,"text":59099},{"id":128489,"depth":81,"text":124463},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":133291},[133292,133294,133295,133297,133299],{"id":133193,"depth":81,"text":133293},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133201,"depth":81,"text":133202},{"id":133209,"depth":81,"text":133296},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133225,"depth":81,"text":133298},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133234,"depth":81,"text":133300},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131821,"description":133302},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133309,"title":133310,"body":133311,"description":136086,"extension":2084,"meta":136087,"navigation":84,"path":136088,"seo":136089,"stem":136090,"__hash__":136091},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133312,"toc":136022},[133313,133319,133324,133327,133330,133341,133343,133412,133414,133428,133433,133438,133443,133445,133488,133490,133573,133575,133621,133627,133629,133631,133651,133653,133676,133678,133752,133754,133773,133778,133780,133784,133856,133858,133872,133876,133952,133954,133973,133977,134071,134073,134082,134089,134165,134167,134185,134189,134192,134199,134248,134250,134259,134266,134325,134327,134345,134348,134355,134414,134416,134434,134441,134498,134500,134509,134513,134518,134522,134581,134583,134601,134605,134652,134657,134660,134729,134731,134748,134755,134761,134816,134821,134824,134901,134903,134921,134927,134933,134993,134995,135014,135020,135023,135030,135083,135088,135090,135151,135160,135167,135169,135226,135231,135233,135304,135308,135363,135365,135374,135379,135385,135454,135456,135488,135494,135502,135509,135515,135580,135582,135591,135597,135678,135680,135689,135694,135708,135715,135719,135724,135752,135754,135887,135890,135927,135929,135935,135944,135949,135952,135957,135962,135968,135971,135980,135983,135985,136014,136019],[10,133314,13,133316,18],{"id":133315},"python-string-join-method",[15,133317,133318],{},"join()",[20,133320,22,133321,133323],{},[15,133322,133318],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133325,133326],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133328,133329],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[218,133331,133332,133338],{},[221,133333,133334,133335,133337],{},"You call ",[15,133336,133318],{}," on the separator string",[221,133339,133340],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[30,133342,3729],{"id":3728},[35,133344,133346],{"className":37,"code":133345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133347,133348,133381,133402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133349,133350,133352,133354,133356,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133377,133379],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133351,4198],{"class":50},[44,133353,55],{"class":54},[44,133355,3744],{"class":115},[44,133357,112],{"class":58},[44,133359,7435],{"class":62},[44,133361,112],{"class":58},[44,133363,129],{"class":115},[44,133365,59],{"class":58},[44,133367,168],{"class":62},[44,133369,112],{"class":58},[44,133371,129],{"class":115},[44,133373,59],{"class":58},[44,133375,133376],{"class":62},"fun",[44,133378,112],{"class":58},[44,133380,3757],{"class":115},[44,133382,133383,133385,133387,133389,133391,133393,133396,133398,133400],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133384,2351],{"class":50},[44,133386,55],{"class":54},[44,133388,59],{"class":58},[44,133390,59],{"class":58},[44,133392,116],{"class":115},[44,133394,133395],{"class":119},"join",[44,133397,123],{"class":115},[44,133399,4242],{"class":119},[44,133401,135],{"class":115},[44,133403,133404,133406,133408,133410],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,133405,142],{"class":141},[44,133407,123],{"class":115},[44,133409,2386],{"class":119},[44,133411,135],{"class":115},[20,133413,155],{},[35,133415,133417],{"className":37,"code":133416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,133418,133419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133420,133421,133423,133425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133422,1013],{"class":50},[44,133424,168],{"class":54},[44,133426,133427],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,133429,189,133430,133432],{},[15,133431,133318],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[30,133434,3802,133436,3805],{"id":133435},"what-join-does",[15,133437,133318],{},[20,133439,133440,133442],{},[15,133441,133318],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133444,11598],{},[218,133446,133447,133454,133482,133485],{},[221,133448,133449,133450,133453],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133451,133452],{},".join()"," as the separator",[221,133455,133456,133457],{},"Common separators are:\n",[218,133458,133459,133465,133471,133477],{},[221,133460,133461,133464],{},[15,133462,133463],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[221,133466,133467,133470],{},[15,133468,133469],{},"\", \""," for commas",[221,133472,133473,133476],{},[15,133474,133475],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[221,133478,133479,133481],{},[15,133480,6408],{}," for no separator",[221,133483,133484],{},"It returns a new string",[221,133486,133487],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133489,238],{},[35,133491,133493],{"className":37,"code":133492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133494,133495,133527,133549,133553,133563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133496,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133498,4198],{"class":50},[44,133500,55],{"class":54},[44,133502,3744],{"class":115},[44,133504,112],{"class":58},[44,133506,13230],{"class":62},[44,133508,112],{"class":58},[44,133510,129],{"class":115},[44,133512,59],{"class":58},[44,133514,17592],{"class":62},[44,133516,112],{"class":58},[44,133518,129],{"class":115},[44,133520,59],{"class":58},[44,133522,13247],{"class":62},[44,133524,112],{"class":58},[44,133526,3757],{"class":115},[44,133528,133529,133531,133533,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133530,2351],{"class":50},[44,133532,55],{"class":54},[44,133534,59],{"class":58},[44,133536,2310],{"class":62},[44,133538,112],{"class":58},[44,133540,116],{"class":115},[44,133542,133395],{"class":119},[44,133544,123],{"class":115},[44,133546,4242],{"class":119},[44,133548,135],{"class":115},[44,133550,133551],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,133552,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,133554,133555,133557,133559,133561],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,133556,142],{"class":141},[44,133558,123],{"class":115},[44,133560,2386],{"class":119},[44,133562,135],{"class":115},[44,133564,133565,133567,133569,133571],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,133566,142],{"class":141},[44,133568,123],{"class":115},[44,133570,4242],{"class":119},[44,133572,135],{"class":115},[20,133574,155],{},[35,133576,133578],{"className":37,"code":133577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133579,133580,133593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133581,133582,133584,133586,133589,133591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133583,13230],{"class":50},[44,133585,129],{"class":115},[44,133587,133588],{"class":50}," green",[44,133590,129],{"class":115},[44,133592,36017],{"class":50},[44,133594,133595,133597,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133596,4027],{"class":115},[44,133598,1338],{"class":58},[44,133600,13230],{"class":62},[44,133602,1338],{"class":58},[44,133604,129],{"class":115},[44,133606,1332],{"class":58},[44,133608,17592],{"class":62},[44,133610,1338],{"class":58},[44,133612,129],{"class":115},[44,133614,1332],{"class":58},[44,133616,13247],{"class":62},[44,133618,1338],{"class":58},[44,133620,3757],{"class":115},[20,133622,133623,133624,133626],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133625,133318],{}," creates a new string.",[30,133628,351],{"id":350},[20,133630,7356],{},[35,133632,133634],{"className":37,"code":133633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133635,133636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133637,133638,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133639,133640],{"class":50},"separator",[44,133642,116],{"class":115},[44,133644,133395],{"class":119},[44,133646,123],{"class":115},[44,133648,3846],{"class":119},[44,133650,135],{"class":115},[1474,133652,49141],{"id":49140},[218,133654,133655,133668,133673],{},[221,133656,133657,133659,133660,2310,133662,2310,133664,2314,133666],{},[15,133658,133640],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133661,133463],{},[15,133663,133469],{},[15,133665,133475],{},[15,133667,6408],{},[221,133669,133670,133672],{},[15,133671,3846],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[221,133674,133675],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133677,238],{},[35,133679,133681],{"className":37,"code":133680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133682,133683,133715,133738,133742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133684,133685,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133697,133699,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133686,5126],{"class":50},[44,133688,55],{"class":54},[44,133690,3744],{"class":115},[44,133692,112],{"class":58},[44,133694,833],{"class":62},[44,133696,112],{"class":58},[44,133698,129],{"class":115},[44,133700,59],{"class":58},[44,133702,36077],{"class":62},[44,133704,112],{"class":58},[44,133706,129],{"class":115},[44,133708,59],{"class":58},[44,133710,36086],{"class":62},[44,133712,112],{"class":58},[44,133714,3757],{"class":115},[44,133716,133717,133719,133721,133723,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133718,2351],{"class":50},[44,133720,55],{"class":54},[44,133722,59],{"class":58},[44,133724,133725],{"class":62}," | ",[44,133727,112],{"class":58},[44,133729,116],{"class":115},[44,133731,133395],{"class":119},[44,133733,123],{"class":115},[44,133735,5170],{"class":119},[44,133737,135],{"class":115},[44,133739,133740],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,133741,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,133743,133744,133746,133748,133750],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,133745,142],{"class":141},[44,133747,123],{"class":115},[44,133749,2386],{"class":119},[44,133751,135],{"class":115},[20,133753,155],{},[35,133755,133757],{"className":37,"code":133756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133758,133759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133760,133761,133764,133766,133769,133771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133762,133763],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,133765,113980],{"class":54},[44,133767,133768],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,133770,113980],{"class":54},[44,133772,36158],{"class":50},[20,133774,133775,133776,116],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[200,133777,203],{"href":202},[30,133779,122004],{"id":122003},[1474,133781,133783],{"id":133782},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,133785,133787],{"className":37,"code":133786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133788,133789,133822,133842,133846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133790,133791,133793,133795,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133818,133820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133792,4198],{"class":50},[44,133794,55],{"class":54},[44,133796,3744],{"class":115},[44,133798,112],{"class":58},[44,133800,7435],{"class":62},[44,133802,112],{"class":58},[44,133804,129],{"class":115},[44,133806,59],{"class":58},[44,133808,168],{"class":62},[44,133810,112],{"class":58},[44,133812,129],{"class":115},[44,133814,59],{"class":58},[44,133816,133817],{"class":62},"easy",[44,133819,112],{"class":58},[44,133821,3757],{"class":115},[44,133823,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834,133836,133838,133840],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133825,2351],{"class":50},[44,133827,55],{"class":54},[44,133829,59],{"class":58},[44,133831,59],{"class":58},[44,133833,116],{"class":115},[44,133835,133395],{"class":119},[44,133837,123],{"class":115},[44,133839,4242],{"class":119},[44,133841,135],{"class":115},[44,133843,133844],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,133845,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,133847,133848,133850,133852,133854],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,133849,142],{"class":141},[44,133851,123],{"class":115},[44,133853,2386],{"class":119},[44,133855,135],{"class":115},[20,133857,155],{},[35,133859,133861],{"className":37,"code":133860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,133862,133863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133864,133865,133867,133869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133866,1013],{"class":50},[44,133868,168],{"class":54},[44,133870,133871],{"class":50}," easy\n",[1474,133873,133875],{"id":133874},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,133877,133879],{"className":37,"code":133878,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133880,133881,133916,133938,133942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133882,133883,133885,133887,133889,133891,133894,133896,133898,133900,133903,133905,133907,133909,133912,133914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133884,7917],{"class":50},[44,133886,55],{"class":54},[44,133888,3744],{"class":115},[44,133890,112],{"class":58},[44,133892,133893],{"class":62},"apples",[44,133895,112],{"class":58},[44,133897,129],{"class":115},[44,133899,59],{"class":58},[44,133901,133902],{"class":62},"bananas",[44,133904,112],{"class":58},[44,133906,129],{"class":115},[44,133908,59],{"class":58},[44,133910,133911],{"class":62},"oranges",[44,133913,112],{"class":58},[44,133915,3757],{"class":115},[44,133917,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,133919,2351],{"class":50},[44,133921,55],{"class":54},[44,133923,59],{"class":58},[44,133925,2310],{"class":62},[44,133927,112],{"class":58},[44,133929,116],{"class":115},[44,133931,133395],{"class":119},[44,133933,123],{"class":115},[44,133935,7948],{"class":119},[44,133937,135],{"class":115},[44,133939,133940],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,133941,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,133943,133944,133946,133948,133950],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,133945,142],{"class":141},[44,133947,123],{"class":115},[44,133949,2386],{"class":119},[44,133951,135],{"class":115},[20,133953,155],{},[35,133955,133957],{"className":37,"code":133956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133958,133959],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133960,133961,133963,133965,133968,133970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133962,133893],{"class":50},[44,133964,129],{"class":115},[44,133966,133967],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,133969,129],{"class":115},[44,133971,133972],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[1474,133974,133976],{"id":133975},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,133978,133980],{"className":37,"code":133979,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133981,133982,134039,134057,134061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133983,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031,134033,134035,134037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133985,36227],{"class":50},[44,133987,55],{"class":54},[44,133989,3744],{"class":115},[44,133991,112],{"class":58},[44,133993,133994],{"class":62},"P",[44,133996,112],{"class":58},[44,133998,129],{"class":115},[44,134000,59],{"class":58},[44,134002,11885],{"class":62},[44,134004,112],{"class":58},[44,134006,129],{"class":115},[44,134008,59],{"class":58},[44,134010,63419],{"class":62},[44,134012,112],{"class":58},[44,134014,129],{"class":115},[44,134016,59],{"class":58},[44,134018,60570],{"class":62},[44,134020,112],{"class":58},[44,134022,129],{"class":115},[44,134024,59],{"class":58},[44,134026,60605],{"class":62},[44,134028,112],{"class":58},[44,134030,129],{"class":115},[44,134032,59],{"class":58},[44,134034,76161],{"class":62},[44,134036,112],{"class":58},[44,134038,3757],{"class":115},[44,134040,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053,134055],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134042,2351],{"class":50},[44,134044,55],{"class":54},[44,134046,6262],{"class":58},[44,134048,116],{"class":115},[44,134050,133395],{"class":119},[44,134052,123],{"class":115},[44,134054,36280],{"class":119},[44,134056,135],{"class":115},[44,134058,134059],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,134060,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,134062,134063,134065,134067,134069],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,134064,142],{"class":141},[44,134066,123],{"class":115},[44,134068,2386],{"class":119},[44,134070,135],{"class":115},[20,134072,155],{},[35,134074,134076],{"className":37,"code":134075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,134077,134078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134079,134080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134081,134075],{"class":50},[1474,134083,134085,134086,134088],{"id":134084},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134087,133318],{}," returns the result",[35,134090,134092],{"className":37,"code":134091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134093,134094,134127,134150,134154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134095,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118,134120,134123,134125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134097,4198],{"class":50},[44,134099,55],{"class":54},[44,134101,3744],{"class":115},[44,134103,112],{"class":58},[44,134105,729],{"class":62},[44,134107,112],{"class":58},[44,134109,129],{"class":115},[44,134111,59],{"class":58},[44,134113,738],{"class":62},[44,134115,112],{"class":58},[44,134117,129],{"class":115},[44,134119,59],{"class":58},[44,134121,134122],{"class":62},"three",[44,134124,112],{"class":58},[44,134126,3757],{"class":115},[44,134128,134129,134132,134134,134136,134138,134140,134142,134144,134146,134148],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134130,134131],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,134133,55],{"class":54},[44,134135,59],{"class":58},[44,134137,2142],{"class":62},[44,134139,112],{"class":58},[44,134141,116],{"class":115},[44,134143,133395],{"class":119},[44,134145,123],{"class":115},[44,134147,4242],{"class":119},[44,134149,135],{"class":115},[44,134151,134152],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,134153,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,134155,134156,134158,134160,134163],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,134157,142],{"class":141},[44,134159,123],{"class":115},[44,134161,134162],{"class":119},"joined_text",[44,134164,135],{"class":115},[20,134166,155],{},[35,134168,134170],{"className":37,"code":134169,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,134171,134172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134173,134174,134176,134178,134180,134182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134175,729],{"class":50},[44,134177,2142],{"class":54},[44,134179,738],{"class":50},[44,134181,2142],{"class":54},[44,134183,134184],{"class":50},"three\n",[30,134186,134188],{"id":134187},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134190,134191],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1474,134193,134195,134198],{"id":134194},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134196,134197],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,134200,134202],{"className":37,"code":134201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134203,134204,134228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134205,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134220,134222,134224,134226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134207,4198],{"class":50},[44,134209,55],{"class":54},[44,134211,3744],{"class":115},[44,134213,112],{"class":58},[44,134215,3971],{"class":62},[44,134217,112],{"class":58},[44,134219,129],{"class":115},[44,134221,59],{"class":58},[44,134223,60723],{"class":62},[44,134225,112],{"class":58},[44,134227,3757],{"class":115},[44,134229,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134231,142],{"class":141},[44,134233,123],{"class":115},[44,134235,112],{"class":58},[44,134237,59],{"class":58},[44,134239,116],{"class":115},[44,134241,133395],{"class":119},[44,134243,123],{"class":115},[44,134245,4242],{"class":119},[44,134247,567],{"class":115},[20,134249,155],{},[35,134251,134253],{"className":37,"code":134252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n",[15,134254,134255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134256,134257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134258,134252],{"class":50},[1474,134260,134262,134265],{"id":134261},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134263,134264],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,134267,134269],{"className":37,"code":134268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134270,134271,134303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134272,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134274,13213],{"class":50},[44,134276,55],{"class":54},[44,134278,3744],{"class":115},[44,134280,112],{"class":58},[44,134282,13230],{"class":62},[44,134284,112],{"class":58},[44,134286,129],{"class":115},[44,134288,59],{"class":58},[44,134290,13247],{"class":62},[44,134292,112],{"class":58},[44,134294,129],{"class":115},[44,134296,59],{"class":58},[44,134298,17592],{"class":62},[44,134300,112],{"class":58},[44,134302,3757],{"class":115},[44,134304,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134306,142],{"class":141},[44,134308,123],{"class":115},[44,134310,112],{"class":58},[44,134312,2310],{"class":62},[44,134314,112],{"class":58},[44,134316,116],{"class":115},[44,134318,133395],{"class":119},[44,134320,123],{"class":115},[44,134322,17639],{"class":119},[44,134324,567],{"class":115},[20,134326,155],{},[35,134328,134330],{"className":37,"code":134329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134331,134332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134333,134334,134336,134338,134341,134343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134335,13230],{"class":50},[44,134337,129],{"class":115},[44,134339,134340],{"class":50}," blue",[44,134342,129],{"class":115},[44,134344,36010],{"class":50},[20,134346,134347],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1474,134349,134351,134354],{"id":134350},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134352,134353],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,134356,134358],{"className":37,"code":134357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134359,134360,134392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134361,134362,134364,134366,134368,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386,134388,134390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134363,42974],{"class":50},[44,134365,55],{"class":54},[44,134367,3744],{"class":115},[44,134369,112],{"class":58},[44,134371,39],{"class":62},[44,134373,112],{"class":58},[44,134375,129],{"class":115},[44,134377,59],{"class":58},[44,134379,61306],{"class":62},[44,134381,112],{"class":58},[44,134383,129],{"class":115},[44,134385,59],{"class":58},[44,134387,133395],{"class":62},[44,134389,112],{"class":58},[44,134391,3757],{"class":115},[44,134393,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134395,142],{"class":141},[44,134397,123],{"class":115},[44,134399,112],{"class":58},[44,134401,2142],{"class":62},[44,134403,112],{"class":58},[44,134405,116],{"class":115},[44,134407,133395],{"class":119},[44,134409,123],{"class":115},[44,134411,43005],{"class":119},[44,134413,567],{"class":115},[20,134415,155],{},[35,134417,134419],{"className":37,"code":134418,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,134420,134421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134422,134423,134425,134427,134429,134431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134424,39],{"class":50},[44,134426,2142],{"class":54},[44,134428,61306],{"class":50},[44,134430,2142],{"class":54},[44,134432,134433],{"class":50},"join\n",[1474,134435,134437,134440],{"id":134436},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134438,134439],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,134442,134444],{"className":37,"code":134443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134445,134446,134479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134447,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134475,134477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134449,113052],{"class":50},[44,134451,55],{"class":54},[44,134453,3744],{"class":115},[44,134455,112],{"class":58},[44,134457,22382],{"class":62},[44,134459,112],{"class":58},[44,134461,129],{"class":115},[44,134463,59],{"class":58},[44,134465,30737],{"class":62},[44,134467,112],{"class":58},[44,134469,129],{"class":115},[44,134471,59],{"class":58},[44,134473,134474],{"class":62},"C",[44,134476,112],{"class":58},[44,134478,3757],{"class":115},[44,134480,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134496],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134482,142],{"class":141},[44,134484,123],{"class":115},[44,134486,6408],{"class":58},[44,134488,116],{"class":115},[44,134490,133395],{"class":119},[44,134492,123],{"class":115},[44,134494,134495],{"class":119},"chars",[44,134497,567],{"class":115},[20,134499,155],{},[35,134501,134503],{"className":37,"code":134502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,134504,134505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134506,134507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134508,134502],{"class":34590},[30,134510,134512],{"id":134511},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134514,134515,134517],{},[15,134516,133318],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1474,134519,134521],{"id":134520},"this-works","This works",[35,134523,134525],{"className":37,"code":134524,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134526,134527,134559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134528,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134530,3948],{"class":50},[44,134532,55],{"class":54},[44,134534,3744],{"class":115},[44,134536,112],{"class":58},[44,134538,2451],{"class":62},[44,134540,112],{"class":58},[44,134542,129],{"class":115},[44,134544,59],{"class":58},[44,134546,15892],{"class":62},[44,134548,112],{"class":58},[44,134550,129],{"class":115},[44,134552,59],{"class":58},[44,134554,36979],{"class":62},[44,134556,112],{"class":58},[44,134558,3757],{"class":115},[44,134560,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134562,142],{"class":141},[44,134564,123],{"class":115},[44,134566,112],{"class":58},[44,134568,2310],{"class":62},[44,134570,112],{"class":58},[44,134572,116],{"class":115},[44,134574,133395],{"class":119},[44,134576,123],{"class":115},[44,134578,5492],{"class":119},[44,134580,567],{"class":115},[20,134582,155],{},[35,134584,134586],{"className":37,"code":134585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134587,134588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134589,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134591,2451],{"class":77},[44,134593,129],{"class":115},[44,134595,7928],{"class":77},[44,134597,129],{"class":115},[44,134599,134600],{"class":77}," 30\n",[1474,134602,134604],{"id":134603},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,134606,134608],{"className":37,"code":134607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134609,134610,134630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134611,134612,134614,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624,134626,134628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134613,3948],{"class":50},[44,134615,55],{"class":54},[44,134617,3744],{"class":115},[44,134619,3111],{"class":77},[44,134621,129],{"class":115},[44,134623,3116],{"class":77},[44,134625,129],{"class":115},[44,134627,2573],{"class":77},[44,134629,3757],{"class":115},[44,134631,134632,134634,134636,134638,134640,134642,134644,134646,134648,134650],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134633,142],{"class":141},[44,134635,123],{"class":115},[44,134637,112],{"class":58},[44,134639,2310],{"class":62},[44,134641,112],{"class":58},[44,134643,116],{"class":115},[44,134645,133395],{"class":119},[44,134647,123],{"class":115},[44,134649,5492],{"class":119},[44,134651,567],{"class":115},[20,134653,90433,134654,134656],{},[15,134655,3129],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134658,134659],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,134661,134663],{"className":37,"code":134662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134664,134665,134685,134715,134719],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134666,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134668,3948],{"class":50},[44,134670,55],{"class":54},[44,134672,3744],{"class":115},[44,134674,3111],{"class":77},[44,134676,129],{"class":115},[44,134678,3116],{"class":77},[44,134680,129],{"class":115},[44,134682,2573],{"class":77},[44,134684,3757],{"class":115},[44,134686,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697,134699,134701,134703,134705,134707,134709,134711,134713],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134688,2351],{"class":50},[44,134690,55],{"class":54},[44,134692,59],{"class":58},[44,134694,2310],{"class":62},[44,134696,112],{"class":58},[44,134698,116],{"class":115},[44,134700,133395],{"class":119},[44,134702,123],{"class":115},[44,134704,39997],{"class":141},[44,134706,123],{"class":115},[44,134708,1335],{"class":1296},[44,134710,129],{"class":115},[44,134712,4012],{"class":119},[44,134714,567],{"class":115},[44,134716,134717],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,134718,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,134720,134721,134723,134725,134727],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,134722,142],{"class":141},[44,134724,123],{"class":115},[44,134726,2386],{"class":119},[44,134728,135],{"class":115},[20,134730,155],{},[35,134732,134734],{"className":37,"code":134733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134735,134736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134737,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134739,3111],{"class":77},[44,134741,129],{"class":115},[44,134743,3116],{"class":77},[44,134745,129],{"class":115},[44,134747,2699],{"class":77},[20,134749,134750,134751,116],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[200,134752,1013,134753,1017],{"href":1012},[15,134754,1016],{},[1474,134756,134758,134760],{"id":134757},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134759,3904],{}," values do not work directly",[35,134762,134764],{"className":37,"code":134763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134765,134766,134794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134767,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786,134788,134790,134792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134769,3948],{"class":50},[44,134771,55],{"class":54},[44,134773,3744],{"class":115},[44,134775,112],{"class":58},[44,134777,4207],{"class":62},[44,134779,112],{"class":58},[44,134781,129],{"class":115},[44,134783,3979],{"class":3978},[44,134785,129],{"class":115},[44,134787,59],{"class":58},[44,134789,4216],{"class":62},[44,134791,112],{"class":58},[44,134793,3757],{"class":115},[44,134795,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134797,142],{"class":141},[44,134799,123],{"class":115},[44,134801,112],{"class":58},[44,134803,2310],{"class":62},[44,134805,112],{"class":58},[44,134807,116],{"class":115},[44,134809,133395],{"class":119},[44,134811,123],{"class":115},[44,134813,5492],{"class":119},[44,134815,567],{"class":115},[20,134817,134818,134819,116],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134820,3129],{},[20,134822,134823],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,134825,134827],{"className":37,"code":134826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134828,134829,134857,134887,134891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134830,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134832,3948],{"class":50},[44,134834,55],{"class":54},[44,134836,3744],{"class":115},[44,134838,112],{"class":58},[44,134840,4207],{"class":62},[44,134842,112],{"class":58},[44,134844,129],{"class":115},[44,134846,3979],{"class":3978},[44,134848,129],{"class":115},[44,134850,59],{"class":58},[44,134852,4216],{"class":62},[44,134854,112],{"class":58},[44,134856,3757],{"class":115},[44,134858,134859,134861,134863,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134860,2351],{"class":50},[44,134862,55],{"class":54},[44,134864,59],{"class":58},[44,134866,2310],{"class":62},[44,134868,112],{"class":58},[44,134870,116],{"class":115},[44,134872,133395],{"class":119},[44,134874,123],{"class":115},[44,134876,39997],{"class":141},[44,134878,123],{"class":115},[44,134880,1335],{"class":1296},[44,134882,129],{"class":115},[44,134884,4012],{"class":119},[44,134886,567],{"class":115},[44,134888,134889],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,134890,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,134892,134893,134895,134897,134899],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,134894,142],{"class":141},[44,134896,123],{"class":115},[44,134898,2386],{"class":119},[44,134900,135],{"class":115},[20,134902,155],{},[35,134904,134906],{"className":37,"code":134905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134907,134908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134909,134910,134912,134914,134916,134918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134911,4207],{"class":50},[44,134913,129],{"class":115},[44,134915,3979],{"class":3978},[44,134917,129],{"class":115},[44,134919,134920],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,134922,134923,134924,134926],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134925,3904],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1474,134928,134930,134932],{"id":134929},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134931,133318],{}," also works with tuples",[35,134934,134936],{"className":37,"code":134935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134937,134938,134970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134939,134940,134942,134944,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134941,5126],{"class":50},[44,134943,55],{"class":54},[44,134945,9375],{"class":115},[44,134947,112],{"class":58},[44,134949,280],{"class":62},[44,134951,112],{"class":58},[44,134953,129],{"class":115},[44,134955,59],{"class":58},[44,134957,1576],{"class":62},[44,134959,112],{"class":58},[44,134961,129],{"class":115},[44,134963,59],{"class":58},[44,134965,8059],{"class":62},[44,134967,112],{"class":58},[44,134969,135],{"class":115},[44,134971,134972,134974,134976,134978,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,134973,142],{"class":141},[44,134975,123],{"class":115},[44,134977,112],{"class":58},[44,134979,134980],{"class":62}," \u002F ",[44,134982,112],{"class":58},[44,134984,116],{"class":115},[44,134986,133395],{"class":119},[44,134988,123],{"class":115},[44,134990,5170],{"class":119},[44,134992,567],{"class":115},[20,134994,155],{},[35,134996,134998],{"className":37,"code":134997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134999,135000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135001,135002,135005,135007,135010,135012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135003,135004],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,135006,127357],{"class":54},[44,135008,135009],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,135011,127357],{"class":54},[44,135013,22469],{"class":50},[30,135015,135017,135018],{"id":135016},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135019,133318],{},[20,135021,135022],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1474,135024,135026,135027,135029],{"id":135025},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135028,3129],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,135031,135033],{"className":37,"code":135032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135034,135035,135063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135036,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135038,7917],{"class":50},[44,135040,55],{"class":54},[44,135042,3744],{"class":115},[44,135044,112],{"class":58},[44,135046,200],{"class":62},[44,135048,112],{"class":58},[44,135050,129],{"class":115},[44,135052,3116],{"class":77},[44,135054,129],{"class":115},[44,135056,59],{"class":58},[44,135058,9878],{"class":62},[44,135060,112],{"class":58},[44,135062,3757],{"class":115},[44,135064,135065,135067,135069,135071,135073,135075,135077,135079,135081],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135066,142],{"class":141},[44,135068,123],{"class":115},[44,135070,112],{"class":58},[44,135072,59],{"class":58},[44,135074,116],{"class":115},[44,135076,133395],{"class":119},[44,135078,123],{"class":115},[44,135080,7948],{"class":119},[44,135082,567],{"class":115},[20,135084,48641,135085,135087],{},[15,135086,2177],{}," is an integer.",[20,135089,39399],{},[35,135091,135093],{"className":37,"code":135092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135094,135095,135123],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135096,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135098,7917],{"class":50},[44,135100,55],{"class":54},[44,135102,3744],{"class":115},[44,135104,112],{"class":58},[44,135106,200],{"class":62},[44,135108,112],{"class":58},[44,135110,129],{"class":115},[44,135112,3116],{"class":77},[44,135114,129],{"class":115},[44,135116,59],{"class":58},[44,135118,9878],{"class":62},[44,135120,112],{"class":58},[44,135122,3757],{"class":115},[44,135124,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135126,142],{"class":141},[44,135128,123],{"class":115},[44,135130,112],{"class":58},[44,135132,59],{"class":58},[44,135134,116],{"class":115},[44,135136,133395],{"class":119},[44,135138,123],{"class":115},[44,135140,39997],{"class":141},[44,135142,123],{"class":115},[44,135144,1335],{"class":1296},[44,135146,129],{"class":115},[44,135148,6101],{"class":119},[44,135150,3034],{"class":115},[20,135152,135153,135154,116],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[200,135155,25814,135157],{"href":135156},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,135158,135159],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1474,135161,135163,135164,135166],{"id":135162},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135165,133318],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135168,4655],{},[35,135170,135172],{"className":37,"code":135171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135173,135174,135206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135175,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135177,4198],{"class":50},[44,135179,55],{"class":54},[44,135181,3744],{"class":115},[44,135183,112],{"class":58},[44,135185,7435],{"class":62},[44,135187,112],{"class":58},[44,135189,129],{"class":115},[44,135191,59],{"class":58},[44,135193,168],{"class":62},[44,135195,112],{"class":58},[44,135197,129],{"class":115},[44,135199,59],{"class":58},[44,135201,133376],{"class":62},[44,135203,112],{"class":58},[44,135205,3757],{"class":115},[44,135207,135208,135210,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135209,2351],{"class":50},[44,135211,55],{"class":54},[44,135213,6304],{"class":50},[44,135215,116],{"class":115},[44,135217,133395],{"class":119},[44,135219,123],{"class":115},[44,135221,112],{"class":58},[44,135223,59],{"class":58},[44,135225,135],{"class":115},[20,135227,135228,135230],{},[15,135229,133318],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135232,10947],{},[35,135234,135236],{"className":37,"code":135235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135237,135238,135270,135290,135294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135239,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135241,4198],{"class":50},[44,135243,55],{"class":54},[44,135245,3744],{"class":115},[44,135247,112],{"class":58},[44,135249,7435],{"class":62},[44,135251,112],{"class":58},[44,135253,129],{"class":115},[44,135255,59],{"class":58},[44,135257,168],{"class":62},[44,135259,112],{"class":58},[44,135261,129],{"class":115},[44,135263,59],{"class":58},[44,135265,133376],{"class":62},[44,135267,112],{"class":58},[44,135269,3757],{"class":115},[44,135271,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135273,2351],{"class":50},[44,135275,55],{"class":54},[44,135277,59],{"class":58},[44,135279,59],{"class":58},[44,135281,116],{"class":115},[44,135283,133395],{"class":119},[44,135285,123],{"class":115},[44,135287,4242],{"class":119},[44,135289,135],{"class":115},[44,135291,135292],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,135293,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,135295,135296,135298,135300,135302],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,135297,142],{"class":141},[44,135299,123],{"class":115},[44,135301,2386],{"class":119},[44,135303,135],{"class":115},[1474,135305,135307],{"id":135306},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,135309,135311],{"className":37,"code":135310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135312,135313,135345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135314,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135325,135327,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135316,4198],{"class":50},[44,135318,55],{"class":54},[44,135320,3744],{"class":115},[44,135322,112],{"class":58},[44,135324,729],{"class":62},[44,135326,112],{"class":58},[44,135328,129],{"class":115},[44,135330,59],{"class":58},[44,135332,738],{"class":62},[44,135334,112],{"class":58},[44,135336,129],{"class":115},[44,135338,59],{"class":58},[44,135340,134122],{"class":62},[44,135342,112],{"class":58},[44,135344,3757],{"class":115},[44,135346,135347,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135348,142],{"class":141},[44,135350,123],{"class":115},[44,135352,6408],{"class":58},[44,135354,116],{"class":115},[44,135356,133395],{"class":119},[44,135358,123],{"class":115},[44,135360,4242],{"class":119},[44,135362,567],{"class":115},[20,135364,155],{},[35,135366,135368],{"className":37,"code":135367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,135369,135370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135371,135372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135373,135367],{"class":50},[20,135375,135376,135377,6768],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135378,133463],{},[1474,135380,135382,135383,1841],{"id":135381},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135384,133318],{},[35,135386,135388],{"className":37,"code":135387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135389,135390,135422,135440,135444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135391,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404,135406,135408,135410,135412,135414,135416,135418,135420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135393,4198],{"class":50},[44,135395,55],{"class":54},[44,135397,3744],{"class":115},[44,135399,112],{"class":58},[44,135401,200],{"class":62},[44,135403,112],{"class":58},[44,135405,129],{"class":115},[44,135407,59],{"class":58},[44,135409,4891],{"class":62},[44,135411,112],{"class":58},[44,135413,129],{"class":115},[44,135415,59],{"class":58},[44,135417,9878],{"class":62},[44,135419,112],{"class":58},[44,135421,3757],{"class":115},[44,135423,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135425,112],{"class":364},[44,135427,2142],{"class":367},[44,135429,112],{"class":364},[44,135431,116],{"class":115},[44,135433,133395],{"class":119},[44,135435,123],{"class":115},[44,135437,4242],{"class":119},[44,135439,135],{"class":115},[44,135441,135442],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,135443,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,135445,135446,135448,135450,135452],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,135447,142],{"class":141},[44,135449,123],{"class":115},[44,135451,4242],{"class":119},[44,135453,135],{"class":115},[20,135455,155],{},[35,135457,135458],{"className":37,"code":43012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,135459,135460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135461,135462,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474,135476,135478,135480,135482,135484,135486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135463,4027],{"class":115},[44,135465,1338],{"class":58},[44,135467,200],{"class":62},[44,135469,1338],{"class":58},[44,135471,129],{"class":115},[44,135473,1332],{"class":58},[44,135475,4891],{"class":62},[44,135477,1338],{"class":58},[44,135479,129],{"class":115},[44,135481,1332],{"class":58},[44,135483,9878],{"class":62},[44,135485,1338],{"class":58},[44,135487,3757],{"class":115},[20,135489,135490,135491,135493],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135492,133318],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[30,135495,135497,135499,135500],{"id":135496},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135498,133318],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135501,2180],{},[20,135503,10729,135504,536,135506,135508],{},[15,135505,133318],{},[15,135507,2180],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1474,135510,189,135512,135514],{"id":135511},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135513,2180],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,135516,135518],{"className":37,"code":135517,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135519,135520,135533,135546,135566,135570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135521,135522,135525,135527,135529,135531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135523,135524],{"class":50},"first ",[44,135526,55],{"class":54},[44,135528,59],{"class":58},[44,135530,324],{"class":62},[44,135532,66],{"class":58},[44,135534,135535,135538,135540,135542,135544],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135536,135537],{"class":50},"second ",[44,135539,55],{"class":54},[44,135541,59],{"class":58},[44,135543,89865],{"class":62},[44,135545,66],{"class":58},[44,135547,135548,135550,135552,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,135549,2351],{"class":50},[44,135551,55],{"class":54},[44,135553,135554],{"class":50}," first ",[44,135556,2180],{"class":54},[44,135558,59],{"class":58},[44,135560,59],{"class":58},[44,135562,2576],{"class":54},[44,135564,135565],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,135567,135568],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,135569,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,135571,135572,135574,135576,135578],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,135573,142],{"class":141},[44,135575,123],{"class":115},[44,135577,2386],{"class":119},[44,135579,135],{"class":115},[20,135581,155],{},[35,135583,135585],{"className":37,"code":135584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,135586,135587],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135588,135589],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135590,135584],{"class":50},[1474,135592,189,135594,135596],{"id":135593},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135595,133318],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,135598,135600],{"className":37,"code":135599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135601,135602,135644,135664,135668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135603,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618,135620,135623,135625,135627,135629,135632,135634,135636,135638,135640,135642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135605,4198],{"class":50},[44,135607,55],{"class":54},[44,135609,3744],{"class":115},[44,135611,112],{"class":58},[44,135613,7435],{"class":62},[44,135615,112],{"class":58},[44,135617,129],{"class":115},[44,135619,59],{"class":58},[44,135621,135622],{"class":62},"makes",[44,135624,112],{"class":58},[44,135626,129],{"class":115},[44,135628,59],{"class":58},[44,135630,135631],{"class":62},"this",[44,135633,112],{"class":58},[44,135635,129],{"class":115},[44,135637,59],{"class":58},[44,135639,133817],{"class":62},[44,135641,112],{"class":58},[44,135643,3757],{"class":115},[44,135645,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135647,2351],{"class":50},[44,135649,55],{"class":54},[44,135651,59],{"class":58},[44,135653,59],{"class":58},[44,135655,116],{"class":115},[44,135657,133395],{"class":119},[44,135659,123],{"class":115},[44,135661,4242],{"class":119},[44,135663,135],{"class":115},[44,135665,135666],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,135667,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,135669,135670,135672,135674,135676],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,135671,142],{"class":141},[44,135673,123],{"class":115},[44,135675,2386],{"class":119},[44,135677,135],{"class":115},[20,135679,155],{},[35,135681,135683],{"className":37,"code":135682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135684,135685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135686,135687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135688,135682],{"class":50},[20,135690,135691,135693],{},[15,135692,133318],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[218,135695,135696,135699,135702],{},[221,135697,135698],{},"You already have a list of strings",[221,135700,135701],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[221,135703,135704,135705,135707],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135706,2180],{}," operators",[20,135709,135710,135711,116],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[200,135712,135714],{"href":135713},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[30,135716,135718],{"id":135717},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135720,9015,135721,135723],{},[15,135722,133318],{}," is not working, check these first:",[218,135725,135726,135729,135734,135743,135749],{},[221,135727,135728],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[221,135730,135731,135732],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135733,3904],{},[221,135735,135736,135737,11232,135740],{},"You may have written ",[15,135738,135739],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135741,135742],{},"string.join(...)",[221,135744,135745,135746,135748],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135747,133318],{}," to change the original iterable",[221,135750,135751],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135753,94498],{},[35,135755,135757],{"className":37,"code":135756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135758,135759,135773,135783,135807,135847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135760,135761,135763,135765,135767,135769,135771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135762,142],{"class":141},[44,135764,123],{"class":115},[44,135766,1297],{"class":1296},[44,135768,123],{"class":115},[44,135770,7948],{"class":119},[44,135772,567],{"class":115},[44,135774,135775,135777,135779,135781],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,135776,142],{"class":141},[44,135778,123],{"class":115},[44,135780,7948],{"class":119},[44,135782,135],{"class":115},[44,135784,135785,135787,135789,135791,135793,135795,135797,135799,135801,135803,135805],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,135786,142],{"class":141},[44,135788,3108],{"class":115},[44,135790,1297],{"class":1296},[44,135792,123],{"class":115},[44,135794,23446],{"class":119},[44,135796,3784],{"class":115},[44,135798,4004],{"class":4003},[44,135800,6096],{"class":119},[44,135802,887],{"class":4003},[44,135804,6101],{"class":119},[44,135806,4015],{"class":115},[44,135808,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817,135819,135821,135823,135825,135827,135829,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841,135843,135845],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,135810,142],{"class":141},[44,135812,123],{"class":115},[44,135814,1338],{"class":58},[44,135816,1332],{"class":58},[44,135818,116],{"class":115},[44,135820,133395],{"class":119},[44,135822,3108],{"class":115},[44,135824,1338],{"class":58},[44,135826,200],{"class":62},[44,135828,1338],{"class":58},[44,135830,129],{"class":115},[44,135832,1332],{"class":58},[44,135834,4891],{"class":62},[44,135836,1338],{"class":58},[44,135838,129],{"class":115},[44,135840,1332],{"class":58},[44,135842,9878],{"class":62},[44,135844,1338],{"class":58},[44,135846,3123],{"class":115},[44,135848,135849,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859,135861,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877,135879,135881,135883,135885],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,135850,142],{"class":141},[44,135852,123],{"class":115},[44,135854,1338],{"class":58},[44,135856,2310],{"class":62},[44,135858,1338],{"class":58},[44,135860,116],{"class":115},[44,135862,133395],{"class":119},[44,135864,123],{"class":115},[44,135866,39997],{"class":141},[44,135868,123],{"class":115},[44,135870,1335],{"class":1296},[44,135872,129],{"class":115},[44,135874,3744],{"class":115},[44,135876,3111],{"class":77},[44,135878,129],{"class":115},[44,135880,3116],{"class":77},[44,135882,129],{"class":115},[44,135884,2573],{"class":77},[44,135886,37402],{"class":115},[20,135888,135889],{},"What these checks do:",[218,135891,135892,135900,135906,135912,135921],{},[221,135893,135894,135897,135898,8234],{},[15,135895,135896],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135899,7948],{},[221,135901,135902,135905],{},[15,135903,135904],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[221,135907,135908,135911],{},[15,135909,135910],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[221,135913,135914,135917,135918,135920],{},[15,135915,135916],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135919,133318],{}," behavior",[221,135922,135923,135926],{},[15,135924,135925],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[30,135928,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,135930,12844,135932,135934],{"id":135931},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135933,133318],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135936,135937,135938,135940,135941,116],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135939,133318],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135942,135943],{},"map(str, values)",[1474,135945,12844,135947,57294],{"id":135946},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135948,133318],{},[20,135950,135951],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1474,135953,28464,135955,62767],{"id":135954},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135956,133318],{},[20,135958,42290,135959,135961],{},[15,135960,133318],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1474,135963,5274,135965,40098],{"id":135964},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135966,135967],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135969,135970],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1474,135972,135974,135975,135977,135978,1995],{"id":135973},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135976,3129],{}," when using ",[15,135979,133318],{},[20,135981,135982],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[30,135984,2019],{"id":2018},[218,135986,135987,135992,135998,136004,136010],{},[221,135988,135989],{},[200,135990,135991],{"href":135713},"How to join strings in Python",[221,135993,135994],{},[200,135995,126466,135996,10880],{"href":129151},[15,135997,60663],{},[221,135999,136000],{},[200,136001,1013,136002,1017],{"href":1012},[15,136003,1016],{},[221,136005,136006],{},[200,136007,30484,136008],{"href":135156},[15,136009,135159],{},[221,136011,136012],{},[200,136013,203],{"href":202},[20,136015,97468,136016,136018],{},[15,136017,133318],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2048,136020,136021],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":136023},[136024,136025,136027,136030,136037,136047,136055,136065,136072,136073,136085],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":133435,"depth":69,"text":136026},"What join() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":136028},[136029],{"id":49140,"depth":81,"text":49141},{"id":122003,"depth":69,"text":122004,"children":136031},[136032,136033,136034,136035],{"id":133782,"depth":81,"text":133783},{"id":133874,"depth":81,"text":133875},{"id":133975,"depth":81,"text":133976},{"id":134084,"depth":81,"text":136036},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134187,"depth":69,"text":134188,"children":136038},[136039,136041,136043,136045],{"id":134194,"depth":81,"text":136040},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134261,"depth":81,"text":136042},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134350,"depth":81,"text":136044},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134436,"depth":81,"text":136046},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134511,"depth":69,"text":134512,"children":136048},[136049,136050,136051,136053],{"id":134520,"depth":81,"text":134521},{"id":134603,"depth":81,"text":134604},{"id":134757,"depth":81,"text":136052},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134929,"depth":81,"text":136054},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135016,"depth":69,"text":136056,"children":136057},"Common errors with join()",[136058,136060,136062,136063],{"id":135025,"depth":81,"text":136059},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135162,"depth":81,"text":136061},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135306,"depth":81,"text":135307},{"id":135381,"depth":81,"text":136064},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135496,"depth":69,"text":136066,"children":136067},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136068,136070],{"id":135511,"depth":81,"text":136069},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135593,"depth":81,"text":136071},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135717,"depth":69,"text":135718},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":136074},[136075,136077,136079,136081,136083],{"id":135931,"depth":81,"text":136076},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135946,"depth":81,"text":136078},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135954,"depth":81,"text":136080},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135964,"depth":81,"text":136082},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135973,"depth":81,"text":136084},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133310,"description":136086},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136093,"title":136094,"body":136095,"description":137663,"extension":2084,"meta":137664,"navigation":84,"path":137665,"seo":137666,"stem":137667,"__hash__":137668},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136096,"toc":137630},[136097,136102,136107,136109,136123,136168,136175,136180,136185,136187,136203,136212,136214,136216,136231,136233,136243,136245,136307,136309,136312,136373,136375,136391,136393,136406,136409,136456,136458,136464,136467,136470,136530,136538,136624,136628,136633,136635,136649,136652,136737,136740,136798,136809,136864,136866,136873,136879,136885,136929,136932,136979,136981,136983,136990,136992,137023,137026,137028,137059,137063,137066,137068,137108,137110,137153,137159,137164,137166,137193,137198,137201,137250,137254,137257,137332,137343,137346,137403,137410,137416,137424,137429,137436,137443,137461,137463,137517,137525,137527,137532,137535,137541,137547,137552,137555,137561,137567,137574,137582,137584,137627],[10,136098,13,136100,18],{"id":136099},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136101,124198],{},[20,136103,22,136104,136106],{},[15,136105,124198],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136108,24223],{},[218,136110,136111,136114,136117,136120],{},[221,136112,136113],{},"convert text to lowercase",[221,136115,136116],{},"compare text without case differences",[221,136118,136119],{},"clean up user input",[221,136121,136122],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,136124,136126],{"className":37,"code":136125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136127,136128,136141,136155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136129,136130,136132,136134,136136,136139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136131,248],{"class":50},[44,136133,55],{"class":54},[44,136135,59],{"class":58},[44,136137,136138],{"class":62},"Hello WORLD",[44,136140,66],{"class":58},[44,136142,136143,136145,136147,136149,136151,136153],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136144,2351],{"class":50},[44,136146,55],{"class":54},[44,136148,269],{"class":50},[44,136150,116],{"class":115},[44,136152,8779],{"class":119},[44,136154,8782],{"class":115},[44,136156,136157,136159,136161,136163,136165],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136158,142],{"class":141},[44,136160,123],{"class":115},[44,136162,2386],{"class":119},[44,136164,3784],{"class":115},[44,136166,136167],{"class":3787},"  # hello world\n",[20,136169,136170,89090,136172,136174],{},[153,136171,83949],{},[15,136173,124198],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[30,136176,3802,136178,3805],{"id":136177},"what-lower-does",[15,136179,124198],{},[20,136181,136182,136184],{},[15,136183,124198],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136186,13189],{},[218,136188,136189,136194,136197,136200],{},[221,136190,136191,136193],{},[15,136192,124198],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[221,136195,136196],{},"It works on string objects",[221,136198,136199],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[221,136201,136202],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136204,198,136205,136209,136210,116],{},[200,136206,136208],{"href":136207},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[200,136211,51106],{"href":202},[30,136213,351],{"id":350},[20,136215,2280],{},[35,136217,136219],{"className":37,"code":136218,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,136220,136221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136222,136223,136225,136227,136229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136224,61306],{"class":50},[44,136226,116],{"class":115},[44,136228,8779],{"class":119},[44,136230,8782],{"class":115},[20,136232,43784],{},[218,136234,136235,136237,136240],{},[221,136236,97646],{},[221,136238,136239],{},"You call it directly on a string",[221,136241,136242],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136244,238],{},[35,136246,136248],{"className":37,"code":136247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136249,136250,136273,136277,136290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136251,136252,136254,136256,136258,136261,136263,136265,136267,136270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136253,142],{"class":141},[44,136255,123],{"class":115},[44,136257,112],{"class":58},[44,136259,136260],{"class":62},"HELLO",[44,136262,112],{"class":58},[44,136264,116],{"class":115},[44,136266,8779],{"class":119},[44,136268,136269],{"class":115},"())",[44,136271,136272],{"class":3787},"  # hello\n",[44,136274,136275],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136276,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136278,136279,136281,136283,136285,136288],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136280,51],{"class":50},[44,136282,55],{"class":54},[44,136284,59],{"class":58},[44,136286,136287],{"class":62},"PyThOn",[44,136289,66],{"class":58},[44,136291,136292,136294,136296,136298,136300,136302,136304],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136293,142],{"class":141},[44,136295,123],{"class":115},[44,136297,126],{"class":119},[44,136299,116],{"class":115},[44,136301,8779],{"class":119},[44,136303,136269],{"class":115},[44,136305,136306],{"class":3787},"  # python\n",[30,136308,11615],{"id":11614},[20,136310,136311],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,136313,136315],{"className":37,"code":136314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136316,136317,136329,136333,136348,136352,136363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136318,136319,136321,136323,136325,136327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136320,248],{"class":50},[44,136322,55],{"class":54},[44,136324,59],{"class":58},[44,136326,136138],{"class":62},[44,136328,66],{"class":58},[44,136330,136331],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136332,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136334,136335,136338,136340,136342,136344,136346],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136336,136337],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,136339,55],{"class":54},[44,136341,269],{"class":50},[44,136343,116],{"class":115},[44,136345,8779],{"class":119},[44,136347,8782],{"class":115},[44,136349,136350],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136351,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136353,136354,136356,136358,136361],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,136355,142],{"class":141},[44,136357,123],{"class":115},[44,136359,136360],{"class":119},"lower_text",[44,136362,135],{"class":115},[44,136364,136365,136367,136369,136371],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,136366,142],{"class":141},[44,136368,123],{"class":115},[44,136370,308],{"class":119},[44,136372,135],{"class":115},[20,136374,155],{},[35,136376,136378],{"className":37,"code":136377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136379,136380,136384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136381,136382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136383,134252],{"class":50},[44,136385,136386,136388],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136387,1911],{"class":50},[44,136389,136390],{"class":34590},"WORLD\n",[20,136392,24743],{},[218,136394,136395,136400],{},[221,136396,136397,136399],{},[15,136398,124198],{}," returns the lowercase result",[221,136401,136402,136403,136405],{},"the original ",[15,136404,308],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136407,136408],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,136410,136412],{"className":37,"code":136411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136413,136414,136426,136440,136444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136415,136416,136418,136420,136422,136424],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136417,248],{"class":50},[44,136419,55],{"class":54},[44,136421,59],{"class":58},[44,136423,136138],{"class":62},[44,136425,66],{"class":58},[44,136427,136428,136430,136432,136434,136436,136438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136429,248],{"class":50},[44,136431,55],{"class":54},[44,136433,269],{"class":50},[44,136435,116],{"class":115},[44,136437,8779],{"class":119},[44,136439,8782],{"class":115},[44,136441,136442],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136443,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136445,136446,136448,136450,136452,136454],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136447,142],{"class":141},[44,136449,123],{"class":115},[44,136451,308],{"class":119},[44,136453,3784],{"class":115},[44,136455,136167],{"class":3787},[30,136457,1219],{"id":1218},[20,136459,136460,22112,136462,116],{},[15,136461,124198],{},[153,136463,61306],{},[20,136465,136466],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136468,136469],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,136471,136473],{"className":37,"code":136472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136474,136475,136489,136493,136516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136476,136477,136480,136482,136484,136487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136478,136479],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,136481,55],{"class":54},[44,136483,59],{"class":58},[44,136485,136486],{"class":62},"YES",[44,136488,66],{"class":58},[44,136490,136491],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136492,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136494,136495,136497,136500,136502,136504,136506,136508,136510,136512,136514],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136496,7135],{"class":4003},[44,136498,136499],{"class":50}," answer",[44,136501,116],{"class":115},[44,136503,8779],{"class":119},[44,136505,7504],{"class":115},[44,136507,6545],{"class":54},[44,136509,59],{"class":58},[44,136511,8797],{"class":62},[44,136513,112],{"class":58},[44,136515,6530],{"class":115},[44,136517,136518,136520,136522,136524,136526,136528],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136519,8206],{"class":141},[44,136521,123],{"class":115},[44,136523,112],{"class":58},[44,136525,96955],{"class":62},[44,136527,112],{"class":58},[44,136529,135],{"class":115},[20,136531,136532,136533,790],{},"This is especially useful with ",[200,136534,136535,136536,1215],{"href":8357},"the ",[15,136537,3080],{},[35,136539,136541],{"className":37,"code":136540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136542,136543,136562,136566,136588,136603,136609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136544,136545,136547,136549,136551,136553,136555,136558,136560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136546,136479],{"class":50},[44,136548,55],{"class":54},[44,136550,8380],{"class":141},[44,136552,123],{"class":115},[44,136554,112],{"class":58},[44,136556,136557],{"class":62},"Type yes or no: ",[44,136559,112],{"class":58},[44,136561,135],{"class":115},[44,136563,136564],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136565,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136567,136568,136570,136572,136574,136576,136578,136580,136582,136584,136586],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136569,7135],{"class":4003},[44,136571,136499],{"class":50},[44,136573,116],{"class":115},[44,136575,8779],{"class":119},[44,136577,7504],{"class":115},[44,136579,6545],{"class":54},[44,136581,59],{"class":58},[44,136583,8797],{"class":62},[44,136585,112],{"class":58},[44,136587,6530],{"class":115},[44,136589,136590,136592,136594,136596,136599,136601],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136591,8206],{"class":141},[44,136593,123],{"class":115},[44,136595,112],{"class":58},[44,136597,136598],{"class":62},"You typed yes",[44,136600,112],{"class":58},[44,136602,135],{"class":115},[44,136604,136605,136607],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,136606,27569],{"class":4003},[44,136608,6530],{"class":115},[44,136610,136611,136613,136615,136617,136620,136622],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,136612,8206],{"class":141},[44,136614,123],{"class":115},[44,136616,112],{"class":58},[44,136618,136619],{"class":62},"You typed something else",[44,136621,112],{"class":58},[44,136623,135],{"class":115},[30,136625,136627],{"id":136626},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136629,136630,136632],{},[15,136631,124198],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136634,7481],{},[218,136636,136637,136640,136643,136646],{},[221,136638,136639],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[221,136641,136642],{},"Make text matching easier",[221,136644,136645],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[221,136647,136648],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136650,136651],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,136653,136655],{"className":37,"code":136654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136656,136657,136675,136679,136701,136716,136722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136658,136659,136661,136663,136665,136667,136669,136671,136673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136660,45092],{"class":50},[44,136662,55],{"class":54},[44,136664,8380],{"class":141},[44,136666,123],{"class":115},[44,136668,112],{"class":58},[44,136670,45103],{"class":62},[44,136672,112],{"class":58},[44,136674,135],{"class":115},[44,136676,136677],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136678,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136680,136681,136683,136685,136687,136689,136691,136693,136695,136697,136699],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136682,7135],{"class":4003},[44,136684,35987],{"class":50},[44,136686,116],{"class":115},[44,136688,8779],{"class":119},[44,136690,7504],{"class":115},[44,136692,6545],{"class":54},[44,136694,59],{"class":58},[44,136696,13247],{"class":62},[44,136698,112],{"class":58},[44,136700,6530],{"class":115},[44,136702,136703,136705,136707,136709,136712,136714],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136704,8206],{"class":141},[44,136706,123],{"class":115},[44,136708,112],{"class":58},[44,136710,136711],{"class":62},"Nice choice!",[44,136713,112],{"class":58},[44,136715,135],{"class":115},[44,136717,136718,136720],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,136719,27569],{"class":4003},[44,136721,6530],{"class":115},[44,136723,136724,136726,136728,136730,136733,136735],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,136725,8206],{"class":141},[44,136727,123],{"class":115},[44,136729,112],{"class":58},[44,136731,136732],{"class":62},"Got it.",[44,136734,112],{"class":58},[44,136736,135],{"class":115},[20,136738,136739],{},"Example: simple search",[35,136741,136743],{"className":37,"code":136742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136744,136745,136758,136762,136783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136746,136747,136749,136751,136753,136756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136748,91],{"class":50},[44,136750,55],{"class":54},[44,136752,59],{"class":58},[44,136754,136755],{"class":62},"Python Is Fun",[44,136757,66],{"class":58},[44,136759,136760],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136761,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136763,136764,136766,136768,136770,136772,136774,136777,136779,136781],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136765,7135],{"class":4003},[44,136767,59],{"class":58},[44,136769,39],{"class":62},[44,136771,112],{"class":58},[44,136773,21311],{"class":54},[44,136775,136776],{"class":50}," message",[44,136778,116],{"class":115},[44,136780,8779],{"class":119},[44,136782,21733],{"class":115},[44,136784,136785,136787,136789,136791,136794,136796],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136786,8206],{"class":141},[44,136788,123],{"class":115},[44,136790,112],{"class":58},[44,136792,136793],{"class":62},"Found it",[44,136795,112],{"class":58},[44,136797,135],{"class":115},[20,136799,136800,136801,136803,136804,790],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136802,124198],{}," is often used with ",[200,136805,136807],{"href":136806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136808,41791],{},[35,136810,136812],{"className":37,"code":136811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136813,136814,136827,136846,136850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136815,136816,136818,136820,136822,136825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136817,51],{"class":50},[44,136819,55],{"class":54},[44,136821,59],{"class":58},[44,136823,136824],{"class":62},"  ALICE  ",[44,136826,66],{"class":58},[44,136828,136829,136832,136834,136836,136838,136840,136842,136844],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136830,136831],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,136833,55],{"class":54},[44,136835,36128],{"class":50},[44,136837,116],{"class":115},[44,136839,8773],{"class":119},[44,136841,8776],{"class":115},[44,136843,8779],{"class":119},[44,136845,8782],{"class":115},[44,136847,136848],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136849,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136851,136852,136854,136856,136859,136861],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136853,142],{"class":141},[44,136855,123],{"class":115},[44,136857,136858],{"class":119},"clean_name",[44,136860,3784],{"class":115},[44,136862,136863],{"class":3787},"  # alice\n",[30,136865,15734],{"id":15733},[20,136867,136868,136869,136872],{},"Strings are ",[153,136870,136871],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136874,136875,136876,136878],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136877,124198],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136880,136881,136882,136884],{},"So this does ",[153,136883,4761],{}," update the original variable:",[35,136886,136888],{"className":37,"code":136887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136889,136890,136902,136912,136916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136891,136892,136894,136896,136898,136900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136893,248],{"class":50},[44,136895,55],{"class":54},[44,136897,59],{"class":58},[44,136899,136260],{"class":62},[44,136901,66],{"class":58},[44,136903,136904,136906,136908,136910],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136905,308],{"class":50},[44,136907,116],{"class":115},[44,136909,8779],{"class":119},[44,136911,8782],{"class":115},[44,136913,136914],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136915,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136917,136918,136920,136922,136924,136926],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136919,142],{"class":141},[44,136921,123],{"class":115},[44,136923,308],{"class":119},[44,136925,3784],{"class":115},[44,136927,136928],{"class":3787},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136930,136931],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,136933,136935],{"className":37,"code":136934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136936,136937,136949,136963,136967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136938,136939,136941,136943,136945,136947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136940,248],{"class":50},[44,136942,55],{"class":54},[44,136944,59],{"class":58},[44,136946,136260],{"class":62},[44,136948,66],{"class":58},[44,136950,136951,136953,136955,136957,136959,136961],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,136952,248],{"class":50},[44,136954,55],{"class":54},[44,136956,269],{"class":50},[44,136958,116],{"class":115},[44,136960,8779],{"class":119},[44,136962,8782],{"class":115},[44,136964,136965],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,136966,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,136968,136969,136971,136973,136975,136977],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,136970,142],{"class":141},[44,136972,123],{"class":115},[44,136974,308],{"class":119},[44,136976,3784],{"class":115},[44,136978,136272],{"class":3787},[30,136980,1467],{"id":1466},[1474,136982,25822],{"id":25821},[20,136984,136985,136986,11232,136988,116],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136987,8779],{},[15,136989,124198],{},[20,136991,16781],{},[35,136993,136995],{"className":37,"code":136994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136996,136997,137009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136998,136999,137001,137003,137005,137007],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137000,248],{"class":50},[44,137002,55],{"class":54},[44,137004,59],{"class":58},[44,137006,136260],{"class":62},[44,137008,66],{"class":58},[44,137010,137011,137013,137015,137017,137019,137021],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137012,142],{"class":141},[44,137014,123],{"class":115},[44,137016,308],{"class":119},[44,137018,116],{"class":115},[44,137020,8779],{"class":685},[44,137022,135],{"class":115},[20,137024,137025],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137027,16793],{},[35,137029,137031],{"className":37,"code":137030,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137032,137033,137045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137034,137035,137037,137039,137041,137043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137036,248],{"class":50},[44,137038,55],{"class":54},[44,137040,59],{"class":58},[44,137042,136260],{"class":62},[44,137044,66],{"class":58},[44,137046,137047,137049,137051,137053,137055,137057],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137048,142],{"class":141},[44,137050,123],{"class":115},[44,137052,308],{"class":119},[44,137054,116],{"class":115},[44,137056,8779],{"class":119},[44,137058,7332],{"class":115},[1474,137060,137062],{"id":137061},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137064,137065],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137067,16781],{},[35,137069,137071],{"className":37,"code":137070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137072,137073,137085,137095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137074,137075,137077,137079,137081,137083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137076,248],{"class":50},[44,137078,55],{"class":54},[44,137080,59],{"class":58},[44,137082,136260],{"class":62},[44,137084,66],{"class":58},[44,137086,137087,137089,137091,137093],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137088,308],{"class":50},[44,137090,116],{"class":115},[44,137092,8779],{"class":119},[44,137094,8782],{"class":115},[44,137096,137097,137099,137101,137103,137105],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,137098,142],{"class":141},[44,137100,123],{"class":115},[44,137102,308],{"class":119},[44,137104,3784],{"class":115},[44,137106,137107],{"class":3787},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137109,16793],{},[35,137111,137113],{"className":37,"code":137112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137114,137115,137127,137141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137116,137117,137119,137121,137123,137125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137118,248],{"class":50},[44,137120,55],{"class":54},[44,137122,59],{"class":58},[44,137124,136260],{"class":62},[44,137126,66],{"class":58},[44,137128,137129,137131,137133,137135,137137,137139],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137130,248],{"class":50},[44,137132,55],{"class":54},[44,137134,269],{"class":50},[44,137136,116],{"class":115},[44,137138,8779],{"class":119},[44,137140,8782],{"class":115},[44,137142,137143,137145,137147,137149,137151],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,137144,142],{"class":141},[44,137146,123],{"class":115},[44,137148,308],{"class":119},[44,137150,3784],{"class":115},[44,137152,136272],{"class":3787},[1474,137154,8556,137156,137158],{"id":137155},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137157,124198],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137160,137161,137163],{},[15,137162,124198],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137165,16781],{},[35,137167,137169],{"className":37,"code":137168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137170,137171,137179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137172,137173,137175,137177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137174,2338],{"class":50},[44,137176,55],{"class":54},[44,137178,125150],{"class":77},[44,137180,137181,137183,137185,137187,137189,137191],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137182,142],{"class":141},[44,137184,123],{"class":115},[44,137186,2361],{"class":119},[44,137188,116],{"class":115},[44,137190,8779],{"class":119},[44,137192,7332],{"class":115},[20,137194,137195,137196,33737],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137197,124198],{},[20,137199,137200],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,137202,137204],{"className":37,"code":137203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137205,137206,137218,137222,137236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137207,137208,137210,137212,137214,137216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137209,248],{"class":50},[44,137211,55],{"class":54},[44,137213,59],{"class":58},[44,137215,136260],{"class":62},[44,137217,66],{"class":58},[44,137219,137220],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137221,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,137223,137224,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,137225,142],{"class":141},[44,137227,123],{"class":115},[44,137229,1297],{"class":1296},[44,137231,123],{"class":115},[44,137233,308],{"class":119},[44,137235,567],{"class":115},[44,137237,137238,137240,137242,137244,137246,137248],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,137239,142],{"class":141},[44,137241,123],{"class":115},[44,137243,308],{"class":119},[44,137245,116],{"class":115},[44,137247,8779],{"class":119},[44,137249,7332],{"class":115},[1474,137251,137253],{"id":137252},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137255,137256],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,137258,137260],{"className":37,"code":137259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137261,137262,137275,137279,137296,137311,137317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137263,137264,137266,137268,137270,137273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137265,136479],{"class":50},[44,137267,55],{"class":54},[44,137269,59],{"class":58},[44,137271,137272],{"class":62},"Yes",[44,137274,66],{"class":58},[44,137276,137277],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137278,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,137280,137281,137283,137286,137288,137290,137292,137294],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,137282,7135],{"class":4003},[44,137284,137285],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,137287,4819],{"class":54},[44,137289,59],{"class":58},[44,137291,8797],{"class":62},[44,137293,112],{"class":58},[44,137295,6530],{"class":115},[44,137297,137298,137300,137302,137304,137307,137309],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,137299,8206],{"class":141},[44,137301,123],{"class":115},[44,137303,112],{"class":58},[44,137305,137306],{"class":62},"Match",[44,137308,112],{"class":58},[44,137310,135],{"class":115},[44,137312,137313,137315],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,137314,27569],{"class":4003},[44,137316,6530],{"class":115},[44,137318,137319,137321,137323,137325,137328,137330],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,137320,8206],{"class":141},[44,137322,123],{"class":115},[44,137324,112],{"class":58},[44,137326,137327],{"class":62},"No match",[44,137329,112],{"class":58},[44,137331,135],{"class":115},[20,137333,29197,137334,536,137337,137340,137341,116],{},[15,137335,137336],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137338,137339],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137342,137327],{},[20,137344,137345],{},"Better:",[35,137347,137349],{"className":37,"code":137348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137350,137351,137363,137367,137389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137352,137353,137355,137357,137359,137361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137354,136479],{"class":50},[44,137356,55],{"class":54},[44,137358,59],{"class":58},[44,137360,137272],{"class":62},[44,137362,66],{"class":58},[44,137364,137365],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137366,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,137368,137369,137371,137373,137375,137377,137379,137381,137383,137385,137387],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,137370,7135],{"class":4003},[44,137372,136499],{"class":50},[44,137374,116],{"class":115},[44,137376,8779],{"class":119},[44,137378,7504],{"class":115},[44,137380,6545],{"class":54},[44,137382,59],{"class":58},[44,137384,8797],{"class":62},[44,137386,112],{"class":58},[44,137388,6530],{"class":115},[44,137390,137391,137393,137395,137397,137399,137401],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,137392,8206],{"class":141},[44,137394,123],{"class":115},[44,137396,112],{"class":58},[44,137398,137306],{"class":62},[44,137400,112],{"class":58},[44,137402,135],{"class":115},[1474,137404,44347,137406,137409],{"id":137405},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137407,137408],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137411,137412,137413,137415],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137414,124198],{}," is enough.",[20,137417,137418,137419,137421,137422,116],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137420,137408],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137423,124198],{},[20,137425,137426,137427,122712],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137428,124198],{},[30,137430,137432,10724,137434],{"id":137431},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137433,124198],{},[15,137435,128342],{},[20,137437,137438,536,137440,137442],{},[15,137439,124198],{},[15,137441,128342],{}," are very similar.",[218,137444,137445,137450,137455,137458],{},[221,137446,137447,137449],{},[15,137448,124198],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[221,137451,137452,137454],{},[15,137453,128342],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[221,137456,137457],{},"Both return new strings",[221,137459,137460],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137462,238],{},[35,137464,137466],{"className":37,"code":137465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137467,137468,137480,137484,137500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137469,137470,137472,137474,137476,137478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137471,248],{"class":50},[44,137473,55],{"class":54},[44,137475,59],{"class":58},[44,137477,129183],{"class":62},[44,137479,66],{"class":58},[44,137481,137482],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137483,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,137485,137486,137488,137490,137492,137494,137496,137498],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,137487,142],{"class":141},[44,137489,123],{"class":115},[44,137491,308],{"class":119},[44,137493,116],{"class":115},[44,137495,8779],{"class":119},[44,137497,136269],{"class":115},[44,137499,136167],{"class":3787},[44,137501,137502,137504,137506,137508,137510,137512,137514],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,137503,142],{"class":141},[44,137505,123],{"class":115},[44,137507,308],{"class":119},[44,137509,116],{"class":115},[44,137511,34615],{"class":119},[44,137513,136269],{"class":115},[44,137515,137516],{"class":3787},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137518,137519,137520,116],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[200,137521,126466,137523,10880],{"href":137522},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137524,128342],{},[30,137526,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,137528,12844,137530,124795],{"id":137529},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137531,124198],{},[20,137533,137534],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1474,137536,12844,137538,137540],{"id":137537},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137539,124198],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137542,137543,137544,116],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137545,137546],{},"string.lower()",[1474,137548,5274,137550,1975],{"id":137549},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137551,124198],{},[20,137553,137554],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1474,137556,28464,137558,137560],{"id":137557},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137559,124198],{}," on user input?",[20,137562,137563,137564,137566],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137565,3080],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1474,137568,5312,137570,536,137572,1995],{"id":137569},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137571,124198],{},[15,137573,137408],{},[20,137575,137576,137578,137579,137581],{},[15,137577,124198],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137580,137408],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[30,137583,2019],{"id":2018},[218,137585,137586,137590,137596,137602,137608,137612,137616,137622],{},[221,137587,137588],{},[200,137589,51106],{"href":202},[221,137591,137592],{},[200,137593,126466,137594,10880],{"href":137522},[15,137595,128342],{},[221,137597,137598],{},[200,137599,126466,137600,10880],{"href":136806},[15,137601,41791],{},[221,137603,137604],{},[200,137605,126466,137606,10880],{"href":130044},[15,137607,124639],{},[221,137609,137610],{},[200,137611,124867],{"href":123723},[221,137613,137614],{},[200,137615,2030],{"href":1462},[221,137617,137618],{},[200,137619,1013,137620,1017],{"href":8357},[15,137621,3080],{},[221,137623,137624],{},[200,137625,137626],{"href":136207},"What is a string in Python?",[2048,137628,137629],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":137631},[137632,137634,137635,137636,137637,137638,137639,137648,137650,137662],{"id":136177,"depth":69,"text":137633},"What lower() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":136626,"depth":69,"text":136627},{"id":15733,"depth":69,"text":15734},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":137640},[137641,137642,137643,137645,137646],{"id":25821,"depth":81,"text":25822},{"id":137061,"depth":81,"text":137062},{"id":137155,"depth":81,"text":137644},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137252,"depth":81,"text":137253},{"id":137405,"depth":81,"text":137647},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137431,"depth":69,"text":137649},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":137651},[137652,137654,137656,137658,137660],{"id":137529,"depth":81,"text":137653},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137537,"depth":81,"text":137655},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137549,"depth":81,"text":137657},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137557,"depth":81,"text":137659},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137569,"depth":81,"text":137661},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136094,"description":137663},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137670,"title":137671,"body":137672,"description":139222,"extension":2084,"meta":139223,"navigation":84,"path":139224,"seo":139225,"stem":139226,"__hash__":139227},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137673,"toc":139183},[137674,137679,137684,137690,137705,137707,137767,137769,137778,137784,137789,137794,137796,137810,137814,137816,137863,137865,137883,137885,137888,137959,137961,137975,137978,137990,137999,138003,138008,138013,138017,138083,138085,138094,138098,138163,138165,138174,138177,138182,138186,138191,138195,138256,138258,138267,138271,138274,138330,138332,138341,138344,138357,138359,138363,138370,138432,138434,138447,138453,138456,138463,138468,138473,138476,138484,138486,138547,138549,138558,138561,138608,138611,138658,138660,138665,138682,138689,138694,138747,138749,138757,138759,138816,138818,138826,138830,138877,138879,138887,138895,138899,138947,138949,138958,138963,139014,139016,139025,139032,139035,139056,139058,139063,139066,139070,139073,139077,139080,139107,139113,139116,139143,139148,139150,139152,139180],[10,137675,13,137677,18],{"id":137676},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137678,124639],{},[20,137680,22,137681,137683],{},[15,137682,124639],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137685,137686,137687,137689],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137688,124639],{},". You will learn:",[218,137691,137692,137696,137699,137702],{},[221,137693,26154,137694,3805],{},[15,137695,124639],{},[221,137697,137698],{},"how its syntax works",[221,137700,137701],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[221,137703,137704],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[30,137706,33],{"id":32},[35,137708,137710],{"className":37,"code":137709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137711,137712,137725,137757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137713,137714,137716,137718,137720,137723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137715,248],{"class":50},[44,137717,55],{"class":54},[44,137719,59],{"class":58},[44,137721,137722],{"class":62},"I like cats",[44,137724,66],{"class":58},[44,137726,137727,137729,137731,137733,137735,137737,137739,137741,137744,137746,137748,137750,137753,137755],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137728,264],{"class":50},[44,137730,55],{"class":54},[44,137732,269],{"class":50},[44,137734,116],{"class":115},[44,137736,35134],{"class":119},[44,137738,123],{"class":115},[44,137740,112],{"class":58},[44,137742,137743],{"class":62},"cats",[44,137745,112],{"class":58},[44,137747,129],{"class":115},[44,137749,59],{"class":58},[44,137751,137752],{"class":62},"dogs",[44,137754,112],{"class":58},[44,137756,135],{"class":115},[44,137758,137759,137761,137763,137765],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,137760,142],{"class":141},[44,137762,123],{"class":115},[44,137764,297],{"class":119},[44,137766,135],{"class":115},[20,137768,155],{},[35,137770,137772],{"className":37,"code":137771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,137773,137774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137775,137776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137777,137771],{"class":50},[20,137779,189,137780,137783],{},[15,137781,137782],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[30,137785,3802,137787,3805],{"id":137786},"what-replace-does",[15,137788,124639],{},[20,137790,137791,137793],{},[15,137792,124639],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137795,13189],{},[218,137797,137798,137800,137802,137805],{},[221,137799,133484],{},[221,137801,136202],{},[221,137803,137804],{},"It works on exact matches",[221,137806,137807,137808],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137809,41397],{},[20,137811,198,137812,116],{},[200,137813,203],{"href":202},[30,137815,5565],{"id":5564},[35,137817,137819],{"className":37,"code":137818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137820,137821,137841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137822,137823,137825,137827,137829,137831,137834,137836,137839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137824,61306],{"class":50},[44,137826,116],{"class":115},[44,137828,35134],{"class":119},[44,137830,123],{"class":115},[44,137832,137833],{"class":119},"old",[44,137835,129],{"class":115},[44,137837,137838],{"class":119}," new",[44,137840,135],{"class":115},[44,137842,137843,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853,137855,137857,137859,137861],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137844,61306],{"class":50},[44,137846,116],{"class":115},[44,137848,35134],{"class":119},[44,137850,123],{"class":115},[44,137852,137833],{"class":119},[44,137854,129],{"class":115},[44,137856,137838],{"class":119},[44,137858,129],{"class":115},[44,137860,49732],{"class":119},[44,137862,135],{"class":115},[1474,137864,17533],{"id":17532},[218,137866,137867,137872,137878],{},[221,137868,137869,137871],{},[15,137870,137833],{}," = the text to find",[221,137873,137874,137877],{},[15,137875,137876],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[221,137879,137880,137882],{},[15,137881,41397],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[30,137884,5922],{"id":5921},[20,137886,137887],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,137889,137891],{"className":37,"code":137890,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137892,137893,137905,137935,137939,137949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137894,137895,137897,137899,137901,137903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137896,248],{"class":50},[44,137898,55],{"class":54},[44,137900,59],{"class":58},[44,137902,137722],{"class":62},[44,137904,66],{"class":58},[44,137906,137907,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929,137931,137933],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137908,264],{"class":50},[44,137910,55],{"class":54},[44,137912,269],{"class":50},[44,137914,116],{"class":115},[44,137916,35134],{"class":119},[44,137918,123],{"class":115},[44,137920,112],{"class":58},[44,137922,137743],{"class":62},[44,137924,112],{"class":58},[44,137926,129],{"class":115},[44,137928,59],{"class":58},[44,137930,137752],{"class":62},[44,137932,112],{"class":58},[44,137934,135],{"class":115},[44,137936,137937],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,137938,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,137940,137941,137943,137945,137947],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,137942,142],{"class":141},[44,137944,123],{"class":115},[44,137946,308],{"class":119},[44,137948,135],{"class":115},[44,137950,137951,137953,137955,137957],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,137952,142],{"class":141},[44,137954,123],{"class":115},[44,137956,297],{"class":119},[44,137958,135],{"class":115},[20,137960,155],{},[35,137962,137964],{"className":37,"code":137963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137965,137966,137971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137967,137968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137969,137970],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,137972,137973],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,137974,137771],{"class":50},[20,137976,137977],{},"Notice what happened:",[218,137979,137980,137985],{},[221,137981,137982,137984],{},[15,137983,308],{}," did not change",[221,137986,137987,137989],{},[15,137988,297],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137991,137992,137993,137995,137996,137998],{},"This happens because strings are ",[153,137994,136871],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137997,124639],{}," return a new string instead.",[30,138000,138002],{"id":138001},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138004,89826,138005,138007],{},[15,138006,124639],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138009,138010,138011,36759],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138012,41397],{},[1474,138014,138016],{"id":138015},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,138018,138020],{"className":37,"code":138019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138021,138022,138035,138069,138073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138023,138024,138026,138028,138030,138033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138025,248],{"class":50},[44,138027,55],{"class":54},[44,138029,59],{"class":58},[44,138031,138032],{"class":62},"cat cat cat",[44,138034,66],{"class":58},[44,138036,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059,138061,138063,138065,138067],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138038,2351],{"class":50},[44,138040,55],{"class":54},[44,138042,269],{"class":50},[44,138044,116],{"class":115},[44,138046,35134],{"class":119},[44,138048,123],{"class":115},[44,138050,112],{"class":58},[44,138052,417],{"class":62},[44,138054,112],{"class":58},[44,138056,129],{"class":115},[44,138058,59],{"class":58},[44,138060,58258],{"class":62},[44,138062,112],{"class":58},[44,138064,129],{"class":115},[44,138066,5632],{"class":77},[44,138068,135],{"class":115},[44,138070,138071],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,138072,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,138074,138075,138077,138079,138081],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,138076,142],{"class":141},[44,138078,123],{"class":115},[44,138080,2386],{"class":119},[44,138082,135],{"class":115},[20,138084,155],{},[35,138086,138088],{"className":37,"code":138087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138089,138090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138091,138092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138093,138087],{"class":50},[1474,138095,138097],{"id":138096},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,138099,138101],{"className":37,"code":138100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138102,138103,138115,138149,138153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138104,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138106,248],{"class":50},[44,138108,55],{"class":54},[44,138110,59],{"class":58},[44,138112,138032],{"class":62},[44,138114,66],{"class":58},[44,138116,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141,138143,138145,138147],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138118,2351],{"class":50},[44,138120,55],{"class":54},[44,138122,269],{"class":50},[44,138124,116],{"class":115},[44,138126,35134],{"class":119},[44,138128,123],{"class":115},[44,138130,112],{"class":58},[44,138132,417],{"class":62},[44,138134,112],{"class":58},[44,138136,129],{"class":115},[44,138138,59],{"class":58},[44,138140,58258],{"class":62},[44,138142,112],{"class":58},[44,138144,129],{"class":115},[44,138146,3116],{"class":77},[44,138148,135],{"class":115},[44,138150,138151],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,138152,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,138154,138155,138157,138159,138161],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,138156,142],{"class":141},[44,138158,123],{"class":115},[44,138160,2386],{"class":119},[44,138162,135],{"class":115},[20,138164,155],{},[35,138166,138168],{"className":37,"code":138167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138169,138170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138171,138172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138173,138167],{"class":50},[20,138175,138176],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138178,138179,138180,116],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[200,138181,128188],{"href":124636},[30,138183,138185],{"id":138184},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138187,138188,138190],{},[15,138189,124639],{}," can also change single characters.",[1474,138192,138194],{"id":138193},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,138196,138198],{"className":37,"code":138197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138199,138200,138212,138242,138246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138201,138202,138204,138206,138208,138210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138203,248],{"class":50},[44,138205,55],{"class":54},[44,138207,59],{"class":58},[44,138209,4216],{"class":62},[44,138211,66],{"class":58},[44,138213,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232,138234,138236,138238,138240],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138215,2351],{"class":50},[44,138217,55],{"class":54},[44,138219,269],{"class":50},[44,138221,116],{"class":115},[44,138223,35134],{"class":119},[44,138225,123],{"class":115},[44,138227,112],{"class":58},[44,138229,200],{"class":62},[44,138231,112],{"class":58},[44,138233,129],{"class":115},[44,138235,59],{"class":58},[44,138237,60605],{"class":62},[44,138239,112],{"class":58},[44,138241,135],{"class":115},[44,138243,138244],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,138245,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,138247,138248,138250,138252,138254],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,138249,142],{"class":141},[44,138251,123],{"class":115},[44,138253,2386],{"class":119},[44,138255,135],{"class":115},[20,138257,155],{},[35,138259,138261],{"className":37,"code":138260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,138262,138263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138264,138265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138266,138260],{"class":50},[1474,138268,138270],{"id":138269},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138272,138273],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,138275,138277],{"className":37,"code":138276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138278,138279,138292,138316,138320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138280,138281,138283,138285,138287,138290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138282,248],{"class":50},[44,138284,55],{"class":54},[44,138286,59],{"class":58},[44,138288,138289],{"class":62},"a b c",[44,138291,66],{"class":58},[44,138293,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310,138312,138314],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138295,2351],{"class":50},[44,138297,55],{"class":54},[44,138299,269],{"class":50},[44,138301,116],{"class":115},[44,138303,35134],{"class":119},[44,138305,123],{"class":115},[44,138307,112],{"class":58},[44,138309,59],{"class":58},[44,138311,129],{"class":115},[44,138313,6262],{"class":58},[44,138315,135],{"class":115},[44,138317,138318],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,138319,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,138321,138322,138324,138326,138328],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,138323,142],{"class":141},[44,138325,123],{"class":115},[44,138327,2386],{"class":119},[44,138329,135],{"class":115},[20,138331,155],{},[35,138333,138335],{"className":37,"code":138334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,138336,138337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138338,138339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138340,138334],{"class":50},[20,138342,138343],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138345,138346,138347,138351,138352,138356],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[200,138348,126466,138349,10880],{"href":129151},[15,138350,60663],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[200,138353,126466,138354,10880],{"href":136806},[15,138355,41791],{}," is often a better choice.",[30,138358,124115],{"id":124114},[20,138360,138361,123926],{},[15,138362,124639],{},[20,138364,127510,138365,536,138367,127517],{},[15,138366,113157],{},[15,138368,138369],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,138371,138373],{"className":37,"code":138372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138374,138375,138388,138418,138422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138376,138377,138379,138381,138383,138386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138378,248],{"class":50},[44,138380,55],{"class":54},[44,138382,59],{"class":58},[44,138384,138385],{"class":62},"Cat cat CAT",[44,138387,66],{"class":58},[44,138389,138390,138392,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138391,2351],{"class":50},[44,138393,55],{"class":54},[44,138395,269],{"class":50},[44,138397,116],{"class":115},[44,138399,35134],{"class":119},[44,138401,123],{"class":115},[44,138403,112],{"class":58},[44,138405,417],{"class":62},[44,138407,112],{"class":58},[44,138409,129],{"class":115},[44,138411,59],{"class":58},[44,138413,58258],{"class":62},[44,138415,112],{"class":58},[44,138417,135],{"class":115},[44,138419,138420],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,138421,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,138423,138424,138426,138428,138430],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,138425,142],{"class":141},[44,138427,123],{"class":115},[44,138429,2386],{"class":119},[44,138431,135],{"class":115},[20,138433,155],{},[35,138435,138437],{"className":37,"code":138436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138438,138439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138440,138441,138444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138442,138443],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,138445,138446],{"class":34590},"CAT\n",[20,138448,138449,138450,138452],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138451,113157],{}," was replaced.",[20,138454,138455],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138457,138458,138459,116],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[200,138460,126466,138461,10880],{"href":124195},[15,138462,124198],{},[30,138464,3802,138466,11845],{"id":138465},"what-replace-returns",[15,138467,124639],{},[20,138469,138470,138472],{},[15,138471,124639],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138474,138475],{},"If no match is found:",[218,138477,138478,138481],{},[221,138479,138480],{},"no error happens",[221,138482,138483],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138485,238],{},[35,138487,138489],{"className":37,"code":138488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138490,138491,138503,138533,138537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138492,138493,138495,138497,138499,138501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138494,248],{"class":50},[44,138496,55],{"class":54},[44,138498,59],{"class":58},[44,138500,3971],{"class":62},[44,138502,66],{"class":58},[44,138504,138505,138507,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529,138531],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138506,2351],{"class":50},[44,138508,55],{"class":54},[44,138510,269],{"class":50},[44,138512,116],{"class":115},[44,138514,35134],{"class":119},[44,138516,123],{"class":115},[44,138518,112],{"class":58},[44,138520,2294],{"class":62},[44,138522,112],{"class":58},[44,138524,129],{"class":115},[44,138526,59],{"class":58},[44,138528,11885],{"class":62},[44,138530,112],{"class":58},[44,138532,135],{"class":115},[44,138534,138535],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,138536,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,138538,138539,138541,138543,138545],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,138540,142],{"class":141},[44,138542,123],{"class":115},[44,138544,2386],{"class":119},[44,138546,135],{"class":115},[20,138548,155],{},[35,138550,138552],{"className":37,"code":138551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,138553,138554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138555,138556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138557,138551],{"class":50},[20,138559,138560],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,138562,138564],{"className":37,"code":138563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138565,138566,138578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138567,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138569,248],{"class":50},[44,138571,55],{"class":54},[44,138573,59],{"class":58},[44,138575,60538],{"class":62},[44,138577,66],{"class":58},[44,138579,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594,138596,138598,138600,138602,138604,138606],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138581,264],{"class":50},[44,138583,55],{"class":54},[44,138585,269],{"class":50},[44,138587,116],{"class":115},[44,138589,35134],{"class":119},[44,138591,123],{"class":115},[44,138593,112],{"class":58},[44,138595,60723],{"class":62},[44,138597,112],{"class":58},[44,138599,129],{"class":115},[44,138601,59],{"class":58},[44,138603,7435],{"class":62},[44,138605,112],{"class":58},[44,138607,135],{"class":115},[20,138609,138610],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,138612,138614],{"className":37,"code":138613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138615,138616,138628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138617,138618,138620,138622,138624,138626],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138619,248],{"class":50},[44,138621,55],{"class":54},[44,138623,59],{"class":58},[44,138625,60538],{"class":62},[44,138627,66],{"class":58},[44,138629,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138631,248],{"class":50},[44,138633,55],{"class":54},[44,138635,269],{"class":50},[44,138637,116],{"class":115},[44,138639,35134],{"class":119},[44,138641,123],{"class":115},[44,138643,112],{"class":58},[44,138645,60723],{"class":62},[44,138647,112],{"class":58},[44,138649,129],{"class":115},[44,138651,59],{"class":58},[44,138653,7435],{"class":62},[44,138655,112],{"class":58},[44,138657,135],{"class":115},[30,138659,4648],{"id":4647},[20,138661,138662,138663,790],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138664,124639],{},[218,138666,138667,138670,138674,138677],{},[221,138668,138669],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[221,138671,1707,138672,1710],{},[15,138673,124639],{},[221,138675,138676],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[221,138678,37341,138679,138681],{},[15,138680,124639],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1474,138683,138685,138686,138688],{"id":138684},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138687,124639],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138690,138691,138692,790],{},"This does not update ",[15,138693,308],{},[35,138695,138697],{"className":37,"code":138696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138698,138699,138711,138737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138700,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138702,248],{"class":50},[44,138704,55],{"class":54},[44,138706,59],{"class":58},[44,138708,137722],{"class":62},[44,138710,66],{"class":58},[44,138712,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138714,308],{"class":50},[44,138716,116],{"class":115},[44,138718,35134],{"class":119},[44,138720,123],{"class":115},[44,138722,112],{"class":58},[44,138724,137743],{"class":62},[44,138726,112],{"class":58},[44,138728,129],{"class":115},[44,138730,59],{"class":58},[44,138732,137752],{"class":62},[44,138734,112],{"class":58},[44,138736,135],{"class":115},[44,138738,138739,138741,138743,138745],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,138740,142],{"class":141},[44,138742,123],{"class":115},[44,138744,308],{"class":119},[44,138746,135],{"class":115},[20,138748,155],{},[35,138750,138751],{"className":37,"code":137970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138752,138753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138754,138755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138756,137970],{"class":50},[20,138758,10947],{},[35,138760,138762],{"className":37,"code":138761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138763,138764,138776,138806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138765,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138767,248],{"class":50},[44,138769,55],{"class":54},[44,138771,59],{"class":58},[44,138773,137722],{"class":62},[44,138775,66],{"class":58},[44,138777,138778,138780,138782,138784,138786,138788,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138779,248],{"class":50},[44,138781,55],{"class":54},[44,138783,269],{"class":50},[44,138785,116],{"class":115},[44,138787,35134],{"class":119},[44,138789,123],{"class":115},[44,138791,112],{"class":58},[44,138793,137743],{"class":62},[44,138795,112],{"class":58},[44,138797,129],{"class":115},[44,138799,59],{"class":58},[44,138801,137752],{"class":62},[44,138803,112],{"class":58},[44,138805,135],{"class":115},[44,138807,138808,138810,138812,138814],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,138809,142],{"class":141},[44,138811,123],{"class":115},[44,138813,308],{"class":119},[44,138815,135],{"class":115},[20,138817,155],{},[35,138819,138820],{"className":37,"code":137771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138821,138822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138823,138824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138825,137771],{"class":50},[1474,138827,138829],{"id":138828},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,138831,138833],{"className":37,"code":138832,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138834,138835,138847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138836,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138838,248],{"class":50},[44,138840,55],{"class":54},[44,138842,59],{"class":58},[44,138844,324],{"class":62},[44,138846,66],{"class":58},[44,138848,138849,138851,138853,138855,138857,138859,138861,138863,138865,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138850,142],{"class":141},[44,138852,123],{"class":115},[44,138854,308],{"class":119},[44,138856,116],{"class":115},[44,138858,35134],{"class":119},[44,138860,123],{"class":115},[44,138862,112],{"class":58},[44,138864,3971],{"class":62},[44,138866,112],{"class":58},[44,138868,129],{"class":115},[44,138870,59],{"class":58},[44,138872,90060],{"class":62},[44,138874,112],{"class":58},[44,138876,567],{"class":115},[20,138878,155],{},[35,138880,138881],{"className":37,"code":89076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138882,138883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138884,138885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138886,89076],{"class":50},[20,138888,138889,138890,536,138892,138894],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138891,64667],{},[15,138893,90538],{}," are not the same.",[1474,138896,138898],{"id":138897},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,138900,138902],{"className":37,"code":138901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138903,138904,138917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138905,138906,138908,138910,138912,138915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138907,248],{"class":50},[44,138909,55],{"class":54},[44,138911,59],{"class":58},[44,138913,138914],{"class":62},"red red red",[44,138916,66],{"class":58},[44,138918,138919,138921,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933,138935,138937,138939,138941,138943,138945],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138920,142],{"class":141},[44,138922,123],{"class":115},[44,138924,308],{"class":119},[44,138926,116],{"class":115},[44,138928,35134],{"class":119},[44,138930,123],{"class":115},[44,138932,112],{"class":58},[44,138934,13230],{"class":62},[44,138936,112],{"class":58},[44,138938,129],{"class":115},[44,138940,59],{"class":58},[44,138942,13247],{"class":62},[44,138944,112],{"class":58},[44,138946,567],{"class":115},[20,138948,155],{},[35,138950,138952],{"className":37,"code":138951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138953,138954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138955,138956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138957,138951],{"class":50},[20,138959,138960,138961,790],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138962,41397],{},[35,138964,138966],{"className":37,"code":138965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138967,138968,138980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138969,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138971,248],{"class":50},[44,138973,55],{"class":54},[44,138975,59],{"class":58},[44,138977,138914],{"class":62},[44,138979,66],{"class":58},[44,138981,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000,139002,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,138983,142],{"class":141},[44,138985,123],{"class":115},[44,138987,308],{"class":119},[44,138989,116],{"class":115},[44,138991,35134],{"class":119},[44,138993,123],{"class":115},[44,138995,112],{"class":58},[44,138997,13230],{"class":62},[44,138999,112],{"class":58},[44,139001,129],{"class":115},[44,139003,59],{"class":58},[44,139005,13247],{"class":62},[44,139007,112],{"class":58},[44,139009,129],{"class":115},[44,139011,5632],{"class":77},[44,139013,567],{"class":115},[20,139015,155],{},[35,139017,139019],{"className":37,"code":139018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,139020,139021],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139022,139023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139024,139018],{"class":50},[1474,139026,139028,139029,139031],{"id":139027},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139030,124639],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139033,139034],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[218,139036,139037,139044,139051],{},[221,139038,189,139039,139043],{},[200,139040,139041],{"href":129151},[15,139042,60663],{}," to break a string into a list",[221,139045,189,139046,139050],{},[200,139047,139048],{"href":136806},[15,139049,41791],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[221,139052,189,139053,139055],{},[15,139054,124639],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[30,139057,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,139059,12844,139061,124795],{"id":139060},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139062,124639],{},[20,139064,139065],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1474,139067,139069],{"id":139068},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139071,139072],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1474,139074,139076],{"id":139075},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139078,139079],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,139081,139083],{"className":37,"code":139082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139084,139085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139086,139087,139089,139091,139093,139095,139097,139099,139101,139103,139105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139088,308],{"class":50},[44,139090,116],{"class":115},[44,139092,35134],{"class":119},[44,139094,123],{"class":115},[44,139096,137833],{"class":119},[44,139098,129],{"class":115},[44,139100,137838],{"class":119},[44,139102,129],{"class":115},[44,139104,5632],{"class":77},[44,139106,135],{"class":115},[1474,139108,5302,139110,139112],{"id":139109},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139111,124639],{}," remove text?",[20,139114,139115],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,139117,139119],{"className":37,"code":139118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139120,139121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139122,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139124,308],{"class":50},[44,139126,116],{"class":115},[44,139128,35134],{"class":119},[44,139130,123],{"class":115},[44,139132,112],{"class":58},[44,139134,2294],{"class":62},[44,139136,112],{"class":58},[44,139138,129],{"class":115},[44,139140,6262],{"class":58},[44,139142,135],{"class":115},[1474,139144,2006,139146,124804],{"id":139145},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139147,124639],{},[20,139149,129992],{},[30,139151,2019],{"id":2018},[218,139153,139154,139158,139164,139170,139176],{},[221,139155,139156],{},[200,139157,124874],{"href":124636},[221,139159,139160],{},[200,139161,126466,139162,10880],{"href":129151},[15,139163,60663],{},[221,139165,139166],{},[200,139167,126466,139168,10880],{"href":136806},[15,139169,41791],{},[221,139171,139172],{},[200,139173,126466,139174,10880],{"href":124195},[15,139175,124198],{},[221,139177,139178],{},[200,139179,203],{"href":202},[2048,139181,139182],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":139184},[139185,139186,139188,139191,139192,139196,139200,139201,139203,139211,139221],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":137786,"depth":69,"text":139187},"What replace() does",{"id":5564,"depth":69,"text":5565,"children":139189},[139190],{"id":17532,"depth":81,"text":17533},{"id":5921,"depth":69,"text":5922},{"id":138001,"depth":69,"text":138002,"children":139193},[139194,139195],{"id":138015,"depth":81,"text":138016},{"id":138096,"depth":81,"text":138097},{"id":138184,"depth":69,"text":138185,"children":139197},[139198,139199],{"id":138193,"depth":81,"text":138194},{"id":138269,"depth":81,"text":138270},{"id":124114,"depth":69,"text":124115},{"id":138465,"depth":69,"text":139202},"What replace() returns",{"id":4647,"depth":69,"text":4648,"children":139204},[139205,139207,139208,139209],{"id":138684,"depth":81,"text":139206},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138828,"depth":81,"text":138829},{"id":138897,"depth":81,"text":138898},{"id":139027,"depth":81,"text":139210},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":139212},[139213,139215,139216,139217,139219],{"id":139060,"depth":81,"text":139214},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139068,"depth":81,"text":139069},{"id":139075,"depth":81,"text":139076},{"id":139109,"depth":81,"text":139218},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139145,"depth":81,"text":139220},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137671,"description":139222},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139229,"title":139230,"body":139231,"description":141250,"extension":2084,"meta":141251,"navigation":84,"path":141252,"seo":141253,"stem":141254,"__hash__":141255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139232,"toc":141214},[139233,139238,139243,139246,139257,139259,139314,139319,139324,139331,139333,139348,139350,139406,139408,139446,139451,139453,139477,139480,139493,139498,139500,139532,139534,139567,139573,139578,139581,139591,139594,139596,139652,139654,139704,139707,139715,139718,139774,139776,139849,139862,139870,139874,139885,139888,139891,139944,139946,139978,139981,140035,140037,140072,140075,140080,140085,140090,140093,140095,140153,140155,140189,140191,140206,140209,140211,140253,140255,140281,140286,140294,140297,140299,140381,140383,140434,140437,140448,140456,140458,140531,140533,140551,140555,140558,140562,140589,140591,140599,140603,140638,140640,140653,140657,140660,140699,140701,140718,140723,140728,140739,140742,140753,140755,140757,140783,140786,140835,140837,140854,140857,140859,140911,140913,140945,140948,141006,141011,141013,141018,141121,141123,141137,141139,141146,141151,141156,141161,141166,141171,141174,141178,141183,141185,141211],[10,139234,13,139236,18],{"id":139235},"python-string-split-method",[15,139237,60663],{},[20,139239,22,139240,139242],{},[15,139241,60663],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139244,139245],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[218,139247,139248,139251,139254],{},[221,139249,139250],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[221,139252,139253],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[221,139255,139256],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[30,139258,33],{"id":32},[35,139260,139262],{"className":37,"code":139261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139263,139264,139277,139299,139309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139265,139266,139268,139270,139272,139275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139267,248],{"class":50},[44,139269,55],{"class":54},[44,139271,59],{"class":58},[44,139273,139274],{"class":62},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,139276,66],{"class":58},[44,139278,139279,139281,139283,139285,139287,139289,139291,139293,139295,139297],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139280,42974],{"class":50},[44,139282,55],{"class":54},[44,139284,269],{"class":50},[44,139286,116],{"class":115},[44,139288,34606],{"class":119},[44,139290,123],{"class":115},[44,139292,112],{"class":58},[44,139294,129],{"class":62},[44,139296,112],{"class":58},[44,139298,135],{"class":115},[44,139300,139301,139303,139305,139307],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,139302,142],{"class":141},[44,139304,123],{"class":115},[44,139306,43005],{"class":119},[44,139308,135],{"class":115},[44,139310,139311],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,139312,139313],{"class":3787},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139315,189,139316,139318],{},[15,139317,60663],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[30,139320,3802,139322,3805],{"id":139321},"what-split-does",[15,139323,60663],{},[20,139325,139326,132284,139328,116],{},[15,139327,60663],{},[153,139329,139330],{},"string method",[20,139332,49058],{},[218,139334,139335,139338,139343],{},[221,139336,139337],{},"divides a string into parts",[221,139339,119775,139340],{},[153,139341,139342],{},"new list of strings",[221,139344,119781,139345,139347],{},[153,139346,4761],{}," change the original string",[20,139349,238],{},[35,139351,139353],{"className":37,"code":139352,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139354,139355,139368,139382,139386,139396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139356,139357,139359,139361,139363,139366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139358,248],{"class":50},[44,139360,55],{"class":54},[44,139362,59],{"class":58},[44,139364,139365],{"class":62},"red blue green",[44,139367,66],{"class":58},[44,139369,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139371,42974],{"class":50},[44,139373,55],{"class":54},[44,139375,269],{"class":50},[44,139377,116],{"class":115},[44,139379,34606],{"class":119},[44,139381,8782],{"class":115},[44,139383,139384],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,139385,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,139387,139388,139390,139392,139394],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,139389,142],{"class":141},[44,139391,123],{"class":115},[44,139393,308],{"class":119},[44,139395,135],{"class":115},[44,139397,139398,139400,139402,139404],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,139399,142],{"class":141},[44,139401,123],{"class":115},[44,139403,43005],{"class":119},[44,139405,135],{"class":115},[20,139407,155],{},[35,139409,139411],{"className":37,"code":139410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139412,139413,139418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139414,139415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139416,139417],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,139419,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139430,139432,139434,139436,139438,139440,139442,139444],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139421,4027],{"class":115},[44,139423,1338],{"class":58},[44,139425,13230],{"class":62},[44,139427,1338],{"class":58},[44,139429,129],{"class":115},[44,139431,1332],{"class":58},[44,139433,13247],{"class":62},[44,139435,1338],{"class":58},[44,139437,129],{"class":115},[44,139439,1332],{"class":58},[44,139441,17592],{"class":62},[44,139443,1338],{"class":58},[44,139445,3757],{"class":115},[20,139447,139448,139449,116],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[200,139450,203],{"href":202},[30,139452,351],{"id":350},[35,139454,139456],{"className":37,"code":139455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139457,139458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139459,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470,139472,139475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139461,61306],{"class":50},[44,139463,116],{"class":115},[44,139465,34606],{"class":119},[44,139467,123],{"class":115},[44,139469,133640],{"class":119},[44,139471,129],{"class":115},[44,139473,139474],{"class":119}," maxsplit",[44,139476,135],{"class":115},[20,139478,139479],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[218,139481,139482,139487],{},[221,139483,139484,139486],{},[15,139485,133640],{}," tells Python where to split",[221,139488,139489,139492],{},[15,139490,139491],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139494,9015,139495,139497],{},[15,139496,133640],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139499,238],{},[35,139501,139503],{"className":37,"code":139502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139504,139505,139518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139506,139507,139509,139511,139513,139516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139508,248],{"class":50},[44,139510,55],{"class":54},[44,139512,59],{"class":58},[44,139514,139515],{"class":62},"one two three",[44,139517,66],{"class":58},[44,139519,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139521,142],{"class":141},[44,139523,123],{"class":115},[44,139525,308],{"class":119},[44,139527,116],{"class":115},[44,139529,34606],{"class":119},[44,139531,7332],{"class":115},[20,139533,155],{},[35,139535,139537],{"className":37,"code":139536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139538,139539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139540,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139551,139553,139555,139557,139559,139561,139563,139565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139542,4027],{"class":115},[44,139544,1338],{"class":58},[44,139546,729],{"class":62},[44,139548,1338],{"class":58},[44,139550,129],{"class":115},[44,139552,1332],{"class":58},[44,139554,738],{"class":62},[44,139556,1338],{"class":58},[44,139558,129],{"class":115},[44,139560,1332],{"class":58},[44,139562,134122],{"class":62},[44,139564,1338],{"class":58},[44,139566,3757],{"class":115},[30,139568,8556,139570,139572],{"id":139569},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139571,60663],{}," with no separator",[20,139574,70305,139575,139577],{},[15,139576,60663],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139579,139580],{},"Whitespace includes:",[218,139582,139583,139585,139588],{},[221,139584,10590],{},[221,139586,139587],{},"tabs",[221,139589,139590],{},"new lines",[20,139592,139593],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139595,238],{},[35,139597,139599],{"className":37,"code":139598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139600,139601,139624,139638,139642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139602,139603,139605,139607,139609,139612,139615,139617,139619,139622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139604,248],{"class":50},[44,139606,55],{"class":54},[44,139608,59],{"class":58},[44,139610,139611],{"class":62},"Python   is",[44,139613,139614],{"class":34590},"\\t",[44,139616,133376],{"class":62},[44,139618,87281],{"class":34590},[44,139620,139621],{"class":62},"and useful",[44,139623,66],{"class":58},[44,139625,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634,139636],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139627,42974],{"class":50},[44,139629,55],{"class":54},[44,139631,269],{"class":50},[44,139633,116],{"class":115},[44,139635,34606],{"class":119},[44,139637,8782],{"class":115},[44,139639,139640],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,139641,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,139643,139644,139646,139648,139650],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,139645,142],{"class":141},[44,139647,123],{"class":115},[44,139649,43005],{"class":119},[44,139651,135],{"class":115},[20,139653,155],{},[35,139655,139657],{"className":37,"code":139656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139658,139659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139660,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139700,139702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139662,4027],{"class":115},[44,139664,1338],{"class":58},[44,139666,7435],{"class":62},[44,139668,1338],{"class":58},[44,139670,129],{"class":115},[44,139672,1332],{"class":58},[44,139674,168],{"class":62},[44,139676,1338],{"class":58},[44,139678,129],{"class":115},[44,139680,1332],{"class":58},[44,139682,133376],{"class":62},[44,139684,1338],{"class":58},[44,139686,129],{"class":115},[44,139688,1332],{"class":58},[44,139690,174],{"class":62},[44,139692,1338],{"class":58},[44,139694,129],{"class":115},[44,139696,1332],{"class":58},[44,139698,139699],{"class":62},"useful",[44,139701,1338],{"class":58},[44,139703,3757],{"class":115},[20,139705,139706],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1474,139708,139710,10724,139712],{"id":139709},"split-vs-split",[15,139711,60663],{},[15,139713,139714],{},"split(' ')",[20,139716,139717],{},"These are not the same.",[35,139719,139721],{"className":37,"code":139720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139722,139723,139736,139740,139754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139724,139725,139727,139729,139731,139734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139726,248],{"class":50},[44,139728,55],{"class":54},[44,139730,59],{"class":58},[44,139732,139733],{"class":62},"a  b   c",[44,139735,66],{"class":58},[44,139737,139738],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139739,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,139741,139742,139744,139746,139748,139750,139752],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,139743,142],{"class":141},[44,139745,123],{"class":115},[44,139747,308],{"class":119},[44,139749,116],{"class":115},[44,139751,34606],{"class":119},[44,139753,7332],{"class":115},[44,139755,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139770,139772],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,139757,142],{"class":141},[44,139759,123],{"class":115},[44,139761,308],{"class":119},[44,139763,116],{"class":115},[44,139765,34606],{"class":119},[44,139767,123],{"class":115},[44,139769,112],{"class":58},[44,139771,59],{"class":58},[44,139773,567],{"class":115},[20,139775,155],{},[35,139777,139779],{"className":37,"code":139778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139780,139781,139809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139782,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139784,4027],{"class":115},[44,139786,1338],{"class":58},[44,139788,200],{"class":62},[44,139790,1338],{"class":58},[44,139792,129],{"class":115},[44,139794,1332],{"class":58},[44,139796,4891],{"class":62},[44,139798,1338],{"class":58},[44,139800,129],{"class":115},[44,139802,1332],{"class":58},[44,139804,9878],{"class":62},[44,139806,1338],{"class":58},[44,139808,3757],{"class":115},[44,139810,139811,139813,139815,139817,139819,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139812,4027],{"class":115},[44,139814,1338],{"class":58},[44,139816,200],{"class":62},[44,139818,1338],{"class":58},[44,139820,129],{"class":115},[44,139822,3964],{"class":58},[44,139824,129],{"class":115},[44,139826,1332],{"class":58},[44,139828,4891],{"class":62},[44,139830,1338],{"class":58},[44,139832,129],{"class":115},[44,139834,3964],{"class":58},[44,139836,129],{"class":115},[44,139838,3964],{"class":58},[44,139840,129],{"class":115},[44,139842,1332],{"class":58},[44,139844,9878],{"class":62},[44,139846,1338],{"class":58},[44,139848,3757],{"class":115},[218,139850,139851,139856],{},[221,139852,139853,139855],{},[15,139854,60663],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[221,139857,139858,139861],{},[15,139859,139860],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139863,139864,139865,139869],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[200,139866,126466,139867,10880],{"href":136806},[15,139868,41791],{}," is often useful.",[30,139871,139873],{"id":139872},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139875,139876,139877,2310,139880,2314,139882,116],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139878,139879],{},"\",\"",[15,139881,133475],{},[15,139883,139884],{},"\"::\"",[20,139886,139887],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139889,139890],{},"Example with commas:",[35,139892,139894],{"className":37,"code":139893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139895,139896,139908,139930,139934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139897,139898,139900,139902,139904,139906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139899,248],{"class":50},[44,139901,55],{"class":54},[44,139903,59],{"class":58},[44,139905,139274],{"class":62},[44,139907,66],{"class":58},[44,139909,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,139911,42974],{"class":50},[44,139913,55],{"class":54},[44,139915,269],{"class":50},[44,139917,116],{"class":115},[44,139919,34606],{"class":119},[44,139921,123],{"class":115},[44,139923,112],{"class":58},[44,139925,129],{"class":62},[44,139927,112],{"class":58},[44,139929,135],{"class":115},[44,139931,139932],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,139933,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,139935,139936,139938,139940,139942],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,139937,142],{"class":141},[44,139939,123],{"class":115},[44,139941,43005],{"class":119},[44,139943,135],{"class":115},[20,139945,155],{},[35,139947,139948],{"className":37,"code":78581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139949,139950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139951,139952,139954,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139953,4027],{"class":115},[44,139955,1338],{"class":58},[44,139957,4207],{"class":62},[44,139959,1338],{"class":58},[44,139961,129],{"class":115},[44,139963,1332],{"class":58},[44,139965,4216],{"class":62},[44,139967,1338],{"class":58},[44,139969,129],{"class":115},[44,139971,1332],{"class":58},[44,139973,4225],{"class":62},[44,139975,1338],{"class":58},[44,139977,3757],{"class":115},[20,139979,139980],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,139982,139984],{"className":37,"code":139983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139985,139986,139999,140021,140025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139987,139988,139990,139992,139994,139997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139989,248],{"class":50},[44,139991,55],{"class":54},[44,139993,59],{"class":58},[44,139995,139996],{"class":62},"2024::10::31",[44,139998,66],{"class":58},[44,140000,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140002,42974],{"class":50},[44,140004,55],{"class":54},[44,140006,269],{"class":50},[44,140008,116],{"class":115},[44,140010,34606],{"class":119},[44,140012,123],{"class":115},[44,140014,112],{"class":58},[44,140016,76798],{"class":62},[44,140018,112],{"class":58},[44,140020,135],{"class":115},[44,140022,140023],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,140024,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,140026,140027,140029,140031,140033],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,140028,142],{"class":141},[44,140030,123],{"class":115},[44,140032,43005],{"class":119},[44,140034,135],{"class":115},[20,140036,155],{},[35,140038,140040],{"className":37,"code":140039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140041,140042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140043,140044,140046,140048,140051,140053,140055,140057,140059,140061,140063,140065,140068,140070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140045,4027],{"class":115},[44,140047,1338],{"class":58},[44,140049,140050],{"class":62},"2024",[44,140052,1338],{"class":58},[44,140054,129],{"class":115},[44,140056,1332],{"class":58},[44,140058,2451],{"class":62},[44,140060,1338],{"class":58},[44,140062,129],{"class":115},[44,140064,1332],{"class":58},[44,140066,140067],{"class":62},"31",[44,140069,1338],{"class":58},[44,140071,3757],{"class":115},[20,140073,140074],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140076,140077,140078,116],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[200,140079,129148],{"href":129147},[30,140081,8556,140083],{"id":140082},"using-maxsplit",[15,140084,139491],{},[20,140086,140087,140089],{},[15,140088,139491],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140091,140092],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140094,238],{},[35,140096,140098],{"className":37,"code":140097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140099,140100,140113,140139,140143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140101,140102,140104,140106,140108,140111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140103,248],{"class":50},[44,140105,55],{"class":54},[44,140107,59],{"class":58},[44,140109,140110],{"class":62},"name:age:city:country",[44,140112,66],{"class":58},[44,140114,140115,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140116,42974],{"class":50},[44,140118,55],{"class":54},[44,140120,269],{"class":50},[44,140122,116],{"class":115},[44,140124,34606],{"class":119},[44,140126,123],{"class":115},[44,140128,112],{"class":58},[44,140130,790],{"class":62},[44,140132,112],{"class":58},[44,140134,129],{"class":115},[44,140136,3116],{"class":77},[44,140138,135],{"class":115},[44,140140,140141],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,140142,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,140144,140145,140147,140149,140151],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,140146,142],{"class":141},[44,140148,123],{"class":115},[44,140150,43005],{"class":119},[44,140152,135],{"class":115},[20,140154,155],{},[35,140156,140158],{"className":37,"code":140157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140159,140160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140161,140162,140164,140166,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140185,140187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140163,4027],{"class":115},[44,140165,1338],{"class":58},[44,140167,126],{"class":62},[44,140169,1338],{"class":58},[44,140171,129],{"class":115},[44,140173,1332],{"class":58},[44,140175,9437],{"class":62},[44,140177,1338],{"class":58},[44,140179,129],{"class":115},[44,140181,1332],{"class":58},[44,140183,140184],{"class":62},"city:country",[44,140186,1338],{"class":58},[44,140188,3757],{"class":115},[20,140190,2299],{},[218,140192,140193,140198,140203],{},[221,140194,140195,140196],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140197,790],{},[221,140199,140200,140201],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140202,790],{},[221,140204,140205],{},"then stops",[20,140207,140208],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140210,1127],{},[35,140212,140214],{"className":37,"code":140213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140215,140216,140229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140217,140218,140220,140222,140224,140227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140219,248],{"class":50},[44,140221,55],{"class":54},[44,140223,59],{"class":58},[44,140225,140226],{"class":62},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,140228,66],{"class":58},[44,140230,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140232,142],{"class":141},[44,140234,123],{"class":115},[44,140236,308],{"class":119},[44,140238,116],{"class":115},[44,140240,34606],{"class":119},[44,140242,123],{"class":115},[44,140244,112],{"class":58},[44,140246,59],{"class":58},[44,140248,129],{"class":115},[44,140250,5632],{"class":77},[44,140252,567],{"class":115},[20,140254,155],{},[35,140256,140258],{"className":37,"code":140257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140259,140260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140261,140262,140264,140266,140268,140270,140272,140274,140277,140279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140263,4027],{"class":115},[44,140265,1338],{"class":58},[44,140267,4207],{"class":62},[44,140269,1338],{"class":58},[44,140271,129],{"class":115},[44,140273,1332],{"class":58},[44,140275,140276],{"class":62},"banana cherry grape",[44,140278,1338],{"class":58},[44,140280,3757],{"class":115},[30,140282,3802,140284,11845],{"id":140283},"what-split-returns",[15,140285,60663],{},[20,140287,140288,140289,140291,140292,116],{},"The result of ",[15,140290,60663],{}," is always a ",[153,140293,8231],{},[20,140295,140296],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140298,238],{},[35,140300,140302],{"className":37,"code":140301,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140303,140304,140317,140339,140343,140353,140367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140305,140306,140308,140310,140312,140315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140307,248],{"class":50},[44,140309,55],{"class":54},[44,140311,59],{"class":58},[44,140313,140314],{"class":62},"cat,dog,bird",[44,140316,66],{"class":58},[44,140318,140319,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140320,42974],{"class":50},[44,140322,55],{"class":54},[44,140324,269],{"class":50},[44,140326,116],{"class":115},[44,140328,34606],{"class":119},[44,140330,123],{"class":115},[44,140332,112],{"class":58},[44,140334,129],{"class":62},[44,140336,112],{"class":58},[44,140338,135],{"class":115},[44,140340,140341],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,140342,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,140344,140345,140347,140349,140351],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,140346,142],{"class":141},[44,140348,123],{"class":115},[44,140350,43005],{"class":119},[44,140352,135],{"class":115},[44,140354,140355,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,140356,142],{"class":141},[44,140358,123],{"class":115},[44,140360,1297],{"class":1296},[44,140362,123],{"class":115},[44,140364,43005],{"class":119},[44,140366,567],{"class":115},[44,140368,140369,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,140370,142],{"class":141},[44,140372,123],{"class":115},[44,140374,43005],{"class":119},[44,140376,4027],{"class":115},[44,140378,2240],{"class":77},[44,140380,4015],{"class":115},[20,140382,155],{},[35,140384,140386],{"className":37,"code":140385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140387,140388,140416,140430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140389,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140391,4027],{"class":115},[44,140393,1338],{"class":58},[44,140395,417],{"class":62},[44,140397,1338],{"class":58},[44,140399,129],{"class":115},[44,140401,1332],{"class":58},[44,140403,58258],{"class":62},[44,140405,1338],{"class":58},[44,140407,129],{"class":115},[44,140409,1332],{"class":58},[44,140411,58275],{"class":62},[44,140413,1338],{"class":58},[44,140415,3757],{"class":115},[44,140417,140418,140420,140422,140424,140426,140428],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140419,1326],{"class":54},[44,140421,1329],{"class":1075},[44,140423,1332],{"class":58},[44,140425,8231],{"class":62},[44,140427,1338],{"class":58},[44,140429,1341],{"class":54},[44,140431,140432],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,140433,85597],{"class":50},[20,140435,140436],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[218,140438,140439,140442,140445],{},[221,140440,140441],{},"loop over it",[221,140443,140444],{},"access items by index",[221,140446,140447],{},"combine items again later",[20,140449,140450,140451,116],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[200,140452,126466,140454,10880],{"href":140453},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140455,133318],{},[20,140457,238],{},[35,140459,140461],{"className":37,"code":140460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140462,140463,140495,140517,140521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140464,140465,140467,140469,140471,140473,140475,140477,140479,140481,140483,140485,140487,140489,140491,140493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140466,42974],{"class":50},[44,140468,55],{"class":54},[44,140470,3744],{"class":115},[44,140472,1338],{"class":58},[44,140474,417],{"class":62},[44,140476,1338],{"class":58},[44,140478,129],{"class":115},[44,140480,1332],{"class":58},[44,140482,58258],{"class":62},[44,140484,1338],{"class":58},[44,140486,129],{"class":115},[44,140488,1332],{"class":58},[44,140490,58275],{"class":62},[44,140492,1338],{"class":58},[44,140494,3757],{"class":115},[44,140496,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140498,248],{"class":50},[44,140500,55],{"class":54},[44,140502,59],{"class":58},[44,140504,2142],{"class":62},[44,140506,112],{"class":58},[44,140508,116],{"class":115},[44,140510,133395],{"class":119},[44,140512,123],{"class":115},[44,140514,43005],{"class":119},[44,140516,135],{"class":115},[44,140518,140519],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,140520,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,140522,140523,140525,140527,140529],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,140524,142],{"class":141},[44,140526,123],{"class":115},[44,140528,308],{"class":119},[44,140530,135],{"class":115},[20,140532,155],{},[35,140534,140536],{"className":37,"code":140535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140537,140538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140539,140540,140542,140544,140546,140548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140541,417],{"class":50},[44,140543,2142],{"class":54},[44,140545,58258],{"class":50},[44,140547,2142],{"class":54},[44,140549,140550],{"class":50},"bird\n",[30,140552,140554],{"id":140553},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140556,140557],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1474,140559,140561],{"id":140560},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,140563,140565],{"className":37,"code":140564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140566,140567,140575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140568,140569,140571,140573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140570,248],{"class":50},[44,140572,55],{"class":54},[44,140574,8019],{"class":58},[44,140576,140577,140579,140581,140583,140585,140587],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140578,142],{"class":141},[44,140580,123],{"class":115},[44,140582,308],{"class":119},[44,140584,116],{"class":115},[44,140586,34606],{"class":119},[44,140588,7332],{"class":115},[20,140590,155],{},[35,140592,140593],{"className":37,"code":38434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140594,140595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140596,140597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140598,38434],{"class":115},[1474,140600,140602],{"id":140601},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,140604,140606],{"className":37,"code":140605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140607,140608,140616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140609,140610,140612,140614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140611,248],{"class":50},[44,140613,55],{"class":54},[44,140615,8019],{"class":58},[44,140617,140618,140620,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140619,142],{"class":141},[44,140621,123],{"class":115},[44,140623,308],{"class":119},[44,140625,116],{"class":115},[44,140627,34606],{"class":119},[44,140629,123],{"class":115},[44,140631,112],{"class":58},[44,140633,129],{"class":62},[44,140635,112],{"class":58},[44,140637,567],{"class":115},[20,140639,155],{},[35,140641,140643],{"className":37,"code":140642,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,140644,140645],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140646,140647,140649,140651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140648,4027],{"class":115},[44,140650,3899],{"class":58},[44,140652,3757],{"class":115},[1474,140654,140656],{"id":140655},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140658,140659],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,140661,140663],{"className":37,"code":140662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140664,140665,140677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140666,140667,140669,140671,140673,140675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140668,248],{"class":50},[44,140670,55],{"class":54},[44,140672,59],{"class":58},[44,140674,3971],{"class":62},[44,140676,66],{"class":58},[44,140678,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693,140695,140697],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140680,142],{"class":141},[44,140682,123],{"class":115},[44,140684,308],{"class":119},[44,140686,116],{"class":115},[44,140688,34606],{"class":119},[44,140690,123],{"class":115},[44,140692,112],{"class":58},[44,140694,129],{"class":62},[44,140696,112],{"class":58},[44,140698,567],{"class":115},[20,140700,155],{},[35,140702,140704],{"className":37,"code":140703,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,140705,140706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140707,140708,140710,140712,140714,140716],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140709,4027],{"class":115},[44,140711,1338],{"class":58},[44,140713,3971],{"class":62},[44,140715,1338],{"class":58},[44,140717,3757],{"class":115},[30,140719,5092,140721],{"id":140720},"when-to-use-split",[15,140722,60663],{},[20,140724,189,140725,140727],{},[15,140726,60663],{}," when you need to:",[218,140729,140730,140733,140736],{},[221,140731,140732],{},"split a sentence into words",[221,140734,140735],{},"split comma-separated values",[221,140737,140738],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140740,140741],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[218,140743,140744,140747,140750],{},[221,140745,140746],{},"cleaning text",[221,140748,140749],{},"parsing user input",[221,140751,140752],{},"processing simple file content",[30,140754,1467],{"id":1466},[20,140756,84368],{},[218,140758,140759,140763,140769,140772,140780],{},[221,140760,50636,140761,1710],{},[15,140762,60663],{},[221,140764,140765,140766,140768],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140767,60663],{}," returns a list, not a string",[221,140770,140771],{},"using the wrong separator",[221,140773,140774,140775,140777,140778],{},"assuming ",[15,140776,139714],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140779,60663],{},[221,140781,140782],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140784,140785],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,140787,140789],{"className":37,"code":140788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140790,140791,140803,140821,140825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140792,140793,140795,140797,140799,140801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140794,248],{"class":50},[44,140796,55],{"class":54},[44,140798,59],{"class":58},[44,140800,42967],{"class":62},[44,140802,66],{"class":58},[44,140804,140805,140807,140809,140811,140813,140815,140817,140819],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140806,308],{"class":50},[44,140808,116],{"class":115},[44,140810,34606],{"class":119},[44,140812,123],{"class":115},[44,140814,112],{"class":58},[44,140816,129],{"class":62},[44,140818,112],{"class":58},[44,140820,135],{"class":115},[44,140822,140823],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,140824,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,140826,140827,140829,140831,140833],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,140828,142],{"class":141},[44,140830,123],{"class":115},[44,140832,308],{"class":119},[44,140834,135],{"class":115},[20,140836,155],{},[35,140838,140840],{"className":37,"code":140839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,140841,140842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140843,140844,140846,140848,140850,140852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140845,200],{"class":50},[44,140847,129],{"class":115},[44,140849,4891],{"class":50},[44,140851,129],{"class":115},[44,140853,69377],{"class":50},[20,140855,140856],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140858,10947],{},[35,140860,140861],{"className":37,"code":42954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140862,140863,140875,140897,140901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140864,140865,140867,140869,140871,140873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140866,248],{"class":50},[44,140868,55],{"class":54},[44,140870,59],{"class":58},[44,140872,42967],{"class":62},[44,140874,66],{"class":58},[44,140876,140877,140879,140881,140883,140885,140887,140889,140891,140893,140895],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140878,42974],{"class":50},[44,140880,55],{"class":54},[44,140882,269],{"class":50},[44,140884,116],{"class":115},[44,140886,34606],{"class":119},[44,140888,123],{"class":115},[44,140890,112],{"class":58},[44,140892,129],{"class":62},[44,140894,112],{"class":58},[44,140896,135],{"class":115},[44,140898,140899],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,140900,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,140902,140903,140905,140907,140909],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,140904,142],{"class":141},[44,140906,123],{"class":115},[44,140908,43005],{"class":119},[44,140910,135],{"class":115},[20,140912,155],{},[35,140914,140915],{"className":37,"code":43012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140916,140917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140918,140919,140921,140923,140925,140927,140929,140931,140933,140935,140937,140939,140941,140943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140920,4027],{"class":115},[44,140922,1338],{"class":58},[44,140924,200],{"class":62},[44,140926,1338],{"class":58},[44,140928,129],{"class":115},[44,140930,1332],{"class":58},[44,140932,4891],{"class":62},[44,140934,1338],{"class":58},[44,140936,129],{"class":115},[44,140938,1332],{"class":58},[44,140940,9878],{"class":62},[44,140942,1338],{"class":58},[44,140944,3757],{"class":115},[20,140946,140947],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,140949,140951],{"className":37,"code":140950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140952,140953,140966,140988,140992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140954,140955,140957,140959,140961,140964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140956,248],{"class":50},[44,140958,55],{"class":54},[44,140960,59],{"class":58},[44,140962,140963],{"class":62},"apple,banana",[44,140965,66],{"class":58},[44,140967,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978,140980,140982,140984,140986],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,140969,42974],{"class":50},[44,140971,55],{"class":54},[44,140973,269],{"class":50},[44,140975,116],{"class":115},[44,140977,34606],{"class":119},[44,140979,123],{"class":115},[44,140981,112],{"class":58},[44,140983,129],{"class":62},[44,140985,112],{"class":58},[44,140987,135],{"class":115},[44,140989,140990],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,140991,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,140993,140994,140996,140998,141000,141002,141004],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,140995,142],{"class":141},[44,140997,123],{"class":115},[44,140999,43005],{"class":119},[44,141001,4027],{"class":115},[44,141003,2177],{"class":77},[44,141005,4015],{"class":115},[20,141007,141008,141009,116],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[200,141010,69390],{"href":69389},[1474,141012,60842],{"id":60841},[20,141014,9015,141015,141017],{},[15,141016,60663],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,141019,141021],{"className":37,"code":141020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141022,141023,141033,141047,141069,141095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141024,141025,141027,141029,141031],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141026,142],{"class":141},[44,141028,123],{"class":115},[44,141030,308],{"class":119},[44,141032,135],{"class":115},[44,141034,141035,141037,141039,141041,141043,141045],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141036,142],{"class":141},[44,141038,123],{"class":115},[44,141040,308],{"class":119},[44,141042,116],{"class":115},[44,141044,34606],{"class":119},[44,141046,7332],{"class":115},[44,141048,141049,141051,141053,141055,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065,141067],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,141050,142],{"class":141},[44,141052,123],{"class":115},[44,141054,308],{"class":119},[44,141056,116],{"class":115},[44,141058,34606],{"class":119},[44,141060,123],{"class":115},[44,141062,1338],{"class":58},[44,141064,129],{"class":62},[44,141066,1338],{"class":58},[44,141068,567],{"class":115},[44,141070,141071,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085,141087,141089,141091,141093],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,141072,142],{"class":141},[44,141074,123],{"class":115},[44,141076,11302],{"class":141},[44,141078,123],{"class":115},[44,141080,308],{"class":119},[44,141082,116],{"class":115},[44,141084,34606],{"class":119},[44,141086,123],{"class":115},[44,141088,1338],{"class":58},[44,141090,129],{"class":62},[44,141092,1338],{"class":58},[44,141094,3034],{"class":115},[44,141096,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,141098,142],{"class":141},[44,141100,123],{"class":115},[44,141102,1297],{"class":1296},[44,141104,123],{"class":115},[44,141106,308],{"class":119},[44,141108,116],{"class":115},[44,141110,34606],{"class":119},[44,141112,123],{"class":115},[44,141114,1338],{"class":58},[44,141116,129],{"class":62},[44,141118,1338],{"class":58},[44,141120,3034],{"class":115},[20,141122,11311],{},[218,141124,141125,141128,141131,141134],{},[221,141126,141127],{},"what the original string looks like",[221,141129,141130],{},"which separator works",[221,141132,141133],{},"how many items were created",[221,141135,141136],{},"that the result is a list",[30,141138,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,141140,5312,141142,536,141144,1995],{"id":141141},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141143,60663],{},[15,141145,139714],{},[20,141147,141148,141150],{},[15,141149,60663],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141152,141153,141155],{},[15,141154,139714],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1474,141157,12844,141159,124795],{"id":141158},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141160,60663],{},[20,141162,141163,141164,56609],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141165,60663],{},[1474,141167,5274,141169,40098],{"id":141168},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141170,139491],{},[20,141172,141173],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1474,141175,141177],{"id":141176},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141179,29197,141180,141182],{},[15,141181,60663],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[30,141184,2019],{"id":2018},[218,141186,141187,141191,141197,141203,141207],{},[221,141188,141189],{},[200,141190,130068],{"href":129147},[221,141192,141193],{},[200,141194,126466,141195,10880],{"href":140453},[15,141196,133318],{},[221,141198,141199],{},[200,141200,126466,141201,10880],{"href":136806},[15,141202,41791],{},[221,141204,141205],{},[200,141206,203],{"href":202},[221,141208,141209],{},[200,141210,69390],{"href":69389},[2048,141212,141213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":141215},[141216,141217,141219,141220,141225,141226,141228,141230,141235,141237,141240,141249],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":139321,"depth":69,"text":141218},"What split() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":139569,"depth":69,"text":141221,"children":141222},"Using split() with no separator",[141223],{"id":139709,"depth":81,"text":141224},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139872,"depth":69,"text":139873},{"id":140082,"depth":69,"text":141227},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140283,"depth":69,"text":141229},"What split() returns",{"id":140553,"depth":69,"text":140554,"children":141231},[141232,141233,141234],{"id":140560,"depth":81,"text":140561},{"id":140601,"depth":81,"text":140602},{"id":140655,"depth":81,"text":140656},{"id":140720,"depth":69,"text":141236},"When to use split()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":141238},[141239],{"id":60841,"depth":81,"text":60842},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":141241},[141242,141244,141246,141248],{"id":141141,"depth":81,"text":141243},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141158,"depth":81,"text":141245},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141168,"depth":81,"text":141247},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141176,"depth":81,"text":141177},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139230,"description":141250},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141257,"title":141258,"body":141259,"description":143202,"extension":2084,"meta":143203,"navigation":84,"path":143204,"seo":143205,"stem":143206,"__hash__":143207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141260,"toc":143161},[141261,141266,141271,141278,141351,141356,141361,141366,141382,141384,141454,141456,141458,141478,141480,141525,141530,141532,141630,141635,141639,141644,141648,141651,141693,141697,141700,141745,141749,141752,141802,141806,141811,141863,141865,141870,141881,141886,141966,141968,141980,141989,141996,142011,142013,142128,142134,142138,142141,142146,142288,142291,142298,142300,142304,142312,142381,142387,142436,142441,142446,142448,142468,142470,142536,142538,142542,142545,142549,142590,142592,142625,142630,142633,142660,142662,142705,142712,142717,142727,142793,142797,142805,142810,142861,142865,142868,142870,142879,142881,142931,142933,143040,143042,143047,143054,143060,143063,143094,143099,143101,143108,143116,143125,143128,143130,143158],[10,141262,13,141264,18],{"id":141263},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141265,127833],{},[20,141267,22,141268,141270],{},[15,141269,127833],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141272,126531,141273,3000,141275,141277],{},[15,141274,3724],{},[15,141276,3798],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,141279,141281],{"className":37,"code":141280,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141282,141283,141296,141300,141325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141284,141285,141287,141289,141291,141294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141286,248],{"class":50},[44,141288,55],{"class":54},[44,141290,59],{"class":58},[44,141292,141293],{"class":62},"Python Beginner Help",[44,141295,66],{"class":58},[44,141297,141298],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141299,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,141301,141302,141304,141306,141308,141310,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,141303,142],{"class":141},[44,141305,123],{"class":115},[44,141307,308],{"class":119},[44,141309,116],{"class":115},[44,141311,141312],{"class":119},"startswith",[44,141314,123],{"class":115},[44,141316,112],{"class":58},[44,141318,7435],{"class":62},[44,141320,112],{"class":58},[44,141322,5495],{"class":115},[44,141324,43989],{"class":3787},[44,141326,141327,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141344,141346,141348],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,141328,142],{"class":141},[44,141330,123],{"class":115},[44,141332,308],{"class":119},[44,141334,116],{"class":115},[44,141336,141312],{"class":119},[44,141338,123],{"class":115},[44,141340,112],{"class":58},[44,141342,141343],{"class":62},"Beginner",[44,141345,112],{"class":58},[44,141347,5495],{"class":115},[44,141349,141350],{"class":3787}," # False\n",[20,141352,189,141353,141355],{},[15,141354,127833],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[30,141357,3802,141359,3805],{"id":141358},"what-startswith-does",[15,141360,127833],{},[20,141362,141363,141365],{},[15,141364,127833],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[218,141367,141368,141371,141377,141379],{},[221,141369,141370],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[221,141372,5280,141373,3000,141375],{},[15,141374,3724],{},[15,141376,3798],{},[221,141378,123611],{},[221,141380,141381],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141383,238],{},[35,141385,141387],{"className":37,"code":141386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141388,141389,141401,141405,141430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141390,141391,141393,141395,141397,141399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141392,51],{"class":50},[44,141394,55],{"class":54},[44,141396,59],{"class":58},[44,141398,7435],{"class":62},[44,141400,66],{"class":58},[44,141402,141403],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141404,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,141406,141407,141409,141411,141413,141415,141417,141419,141421,141424,141426,141428],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,141408,142],{"class":141},[44,141410,123],{"class":115},[44,141412,126],{"class":119},[44,141414,116],{"class":115},[44,141416,141312],{"class":119},[44,141418,123],{"class":115},[44,141420,112],{"class":58},[44,141422,141423],{"class":62},"Py",[44,141425,112],{"class":58},[44,141427,5495],{"class":115},[44,141429,43989],{"class":3787},[44,141431,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,141433,142],{"class":141},[44,141435,123],{"class":115},[44,141437,126],{"class":119},[44,141439,116],{"class":115},[44,141441,141312],{"class":119},[44,141443,123],{"class":115},[44,141445,112],{"class":58},[44,141447,128910],{"class":62},[44,141449,112],{"class":58},[44,141451,5495],{"class":115},[44,141453,44006],{"class":3787},[30,141455,351],{"id":350},[20,141457,42522],{},[35,141459,141461],{"className":37,"code":141460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141462,141463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141464,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473,141476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141466,61306],{"class":50},[44,141468,116],{"class":115},[44,141470,141312],{"class":119},[44,141472,123],{"class":115},[44,141474,141475],{"class":119},"prefix",[44,141477,135],{"class":115},[20,141479,30901],{},[35,141481,141483],{"className":37,"code":141482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141484,141485,141503],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141486,141487,141489,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141488,61306],{"class":50},[44,141490,116],{"class":115},[44,141492,141312],{"class":119},[44,141494,123],{"class":115},[44,141496,141475],{"class":119},[44,141498,129],{"class":115},[44,141500,36188],{"class":119},[44,141502,135],{"class":115},[44,141504,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141521,141523],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141506,61306],{"class":50},[44,141508,116],{"class":115},[44,141510,141312],{"class":119},[44,141512,123],{"class":115},[44,141514,141475],{"class":119},[44,141516,129],{"class":115},[44,141518,36188],{"class":119},[44,141520,129],{"class":115},[44,141522,65173],{"class":119},[44,141524,135],{"class":115},[20,141526,20908,141527,141529],{},[15,141528,141475],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141531,238],{},[35,141533,141535],{"className":37,"code":141534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141536,141537,141549,141553,141578,141602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141538,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141540,248],{"class":50},[44,141542,55],{"class":54},[44,141544,59],{"class":58},[44,141546,60538],{"class":62},[44,141548,66],{"class":58},[44,141550,141551],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141552,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,141554,141555,141557,141559,141561,141563,141565,141567,141569,141571,141573,141575],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,141556,142],{"class":141},[44,141558,123],{"class":115},[44,141560,308],{"class":119},[44,141562,116],{"class":115},[44,141564,141312],{"class":119},[44,141566,123],{"class":115},[44,141568,112],{"class":58},[44,141570,3971],{"class":62},[44,141572,112],{"class":58},[44,141574,5495],{"class":115},[44,141576,141577],{"class":3787},"      # True\n",[44,141579,141580,141582,141584,141586,141588,141590,141592,141594,141596,141598,141600],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,141581,142],{"class":141},[44,141583,123],{"class":115},[44,141585,308],{"class":119},[44,141587,116],{"class":115},[44,141589,141312],{"class":119},[44,141591,123],{"class":115},[44,141593,112],{"class":58},[44,141595,60723],{"class":62},[44,141597,112],{"class":58},[44,141599,5495],{"class":115},[44,141601,21338],{"class":3787},[44,141603,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,141605,142],{"class":141},[44,141607,123],{"class":115},[44,141609,308],{"class":119},[44,141611,116],{"class":115},[44,141613,141312],{"class":119},[44,141615,123],{"class":115},[44,141617,112],{"class":58},[44,141619,60723],{"class":62},[44,141621,112],{"class":58},[44,141623,129],{"class":115},[44,141625,37780],{"class":77},[44,141627,5495],{"class":115},[44,141629,43989],{"class":3787},[20,141631,141632,141633,116],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[200,141634,203],{"href":202},[30,141636,141638],{"id":141637},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141640,141641,141643],{},[15,141642,127833],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1474,141645,141646],{"id":141475},[15,141647,141475],{},[20,141649,141650],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,141652,141654],{"className":37,"code":141653,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141655,141656,141668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141657,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141659,248],{"class":50},[44,141661,55],{"class":54},[44,141663,59],{"class":58},[44,141665,4216],{"class":62},[44,141667,66],{"class":58},[44,141669,141670,141672,141674,141676,141678,141680,141682,141684,141687,141689,141691],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141671,142],{"class":141},[44,141673,123],{"class":115},[44,141675,308],{"class":119},[44,141677,116],{"class":115},[44,141679,141312],{"class":119},[44,141681,123],{"class":115},[44,141683,112],{"class":58},[44,141685,141686],{"class":62},"ban",[44,141688,112],{"class":58},[44,141690,5495],{"class":115},[44,141692,3788],{"class":3787},[1474,141694,141695],{"id":36209},[15,141696,36209],{},[20,141698,141699],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,141701,141703],{"className":37,"code":141702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141704,141705,141717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141706,141707,141709,141711,141713,141715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141708,248],{"class":50},[44,141710,55],{"class":54},[44,141712,59],{"class":58},[44,141714,60538],{"class":62},[44,141716,66],{"class":58},[44,141718,141719,141721,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141720,142],{"class":141},[44,141722,123],{"class":115},[44,141724,308],{"class":119},[44,141726,116],{"class":115},[44,141728,141312],{"class":119},[44,141730,123],{"class":115},[44,141732,112],{"class":58},[44,141734,60723],{"class":62},[44,141736,112],{"class":58},[44,141738,129],{"class":115},[44,141740,37780],{"class":77},[44,141742,5495],{"class":115},[44,141744,3788],{"class":3787},[1474,141746,141747],{"id":52790},[15,141748,52790],{},[20,141750,141751],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,141753,141755],{"className":37,"code":141754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141756,141757,141769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141758,141759,141761,141763,141765,141767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141760,248],{"class":50},[44,141762,55],{"class":54},[44,141764,59],{"class":58},[44,141766,60538],{"class":62},[44,141768,66],{"class":58},[44,141770,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141800],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141772,142],{"class":141},[44,141774,123],{"class":115},[44,141776,308],{"class":119},[44,141778,116],{"class":115},[44,141780,141312],{"class":119},[44,141782,123],{"class":115},[44,141784,112],{"class":58},[44,141786,141787],{"class":62},"wor",[44,141789,112],{"class":58},[44,141791,129],{"class":115},[44,141793,37780],{"class":77},[44,141795,129],{"class":115},[44,141797,54266],{"class":77},[44,141799,5495],{"class":115},[44,141801,3788],{"class":3787},[1474,141803,141805],{"id":141804},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141807,141808,141810],{},[15,141809,141475],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,141812,141814],{"className":37,"code":141813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141815,141816,141829],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141817,141818,141820,141822,141824,141827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141819,126548],{"class":50},[44,141821,55],{"class":54},[44,141823,59],{"class":58},[44,141825,141826],{"class":62},"img_001.png",[44,141828,66],{"class":58},[44,141830,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141848,141850,141852,141854,141857,141859,141861],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141832,142],{"class":141},[44,141834,123],{"class":115},[44,141836,126566],{"class":119},[44,141838,116],{"class":115},[44,141840,141312],{"class":119},[44,141842,5645],{"class":115},[44,141844,112],{"class":58},[44,141846,141847],{"class":62},"img_",[44,141849,112],{"class":58},[44,141851,129],{"class":115},[44,141853,59],{"class":58},[44,141855,141856],{"class":62},"photo_",[44,141858,112],{"class":58},[44,141860,51221],{"class":115},[44,141862,3788],{"class":3787},[30,141864,1219],{"id":1218},[20,141866,141867,141869],{},[15,141868,127833],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[218,141871,141872,141877],{},[221,141873,141874,141876],{},[15,141875,3724],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[221,141878,141879,127150],{},[15,141880,3798],{},[20,141882,141883,141884,7310],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141885,7135],{},[35,141887,141889],{"className":37,"code":141888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141890,141891,141905,141909,141930,141945,141951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141892,141893,141896,141898,141900,141903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141894,141895],{"class":50},"command ",[44,141897,55],{"class":54},[44,141899,59],{"class":58},[44,141901,141902],{"class":62},"\u002Fhelp",[44,141904,66],{"class":58},[44,141906,141907],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,141908,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,141910,141911,141913,141916,141918,141920,141922,141924,141926,141928],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,141912,7135],{"class":4003},[44,141914,141915],{"class":50}," command",[44,141917,116],{"class":115},[44,141919,141312],{"class":119},[44,141921,123],{"class":115},[44,141923,112],{"class":58},[44,141925,127357],{"class":62},[44,141927,112],{"class":58},[44,141929,8480],{"class":115},[44,141931,141932,141934,141936,141938,141941,141943],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,141933,8206],{"class":141},[44,141935,123],{"class":115},[44,141937,112],{"class":58},[44,141939,141940],{"class":62},"This looks like a command.",[44,141942,112],{"class":58},[44,141944,135],{"class":115},[44,141946,141947,141949],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,141948,27569],{"class":4003},[44,141950,6530],{"class":115},[44,141952,141953,141955,141957,141959,141962,141964],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,141954,8206],{"class":141},[44,141956,123],{"class":115},[44,141958,112],{"class":58},[44,141960,141961],{"class":62},"This is normal text.",[44,141963,112],{"class":58},[44,141965,135],{"class":115},[20,141967,155],{},[35,141969,141971],{"className":37,"code":141970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141972,141973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141974,141975,141978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141976,141977],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,141979,186],{"class":115},[30,141981,8556,141983,8844,141985,536,141987],{"id":141982},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141984,127833],{},[15,141986,36209],{},[15,141988,52790],{},[20,141990,213,141991,536,141993,141995],{},[15,141992,36209],{},[15,141994,52790],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[218,141997,141998,142003,142008],{},[221,141999,142000,142002],{},[15,142001,36209],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[221,142004,142005,142007],{},[15,142006,52790],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[221,142009,142010],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142012,238],{},[35,142014,142016],{"className":37,"code":142015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142017,142018,142030,142034,142063,142096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142019,142020,142022,142024,142026,142028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142021,248],{"class":50},[44,142023,55],{"class":54},[44,142025,59],{"class":58},[44,142027,139515],{"class":62},[44,142029,66],{"class":58},[44,142031,142032],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142033,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,142035,142036,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,142037,142],{"class":141},[44,142039,123],{"class":115},[44,142041,308],{"class":119},[44,142043,116],{"class":115},[44,142045,141312],{"class":119},[44,142047,123],{"class":115},[44,142049,112],{"class":58},[44,142051,738],{"class":62},[44,142053,112],{"class":58},[44,142055,129],{"class":115},[44,142057,2579],{"class":77},[44,142059,5495],{"class":115},[44,142061,142062],{"class":3787},"        # True\n",[44,142064,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085,142087,142089,142092,142094],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,142066,142],{"class":141},[44,142068,123],{"class":115},[44,142070,308],{"class":119},[44,142072,116],{"class":115},[44,142074,141312],{"class":119},[44,142076,123],{"class":115},[44,142078,112],{"class":58},[44,142080,134122],{"class":62},[44,142082,112],{"class":58},[44,142084,129],{"class":115},[44,142086,6496],{"class":77},[44,142088,129],{"class":115},[44,142090,142091],{"class":77}," 13",[44,142093,5495],{"class":115},[44,142095,3788],{"class":3787},[44,142097,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106,142108,142110,142112,142114,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,142099,142],{"class":141},[44,142101,123],{"class":115},[44,142103,308],{"class":119},[44,142105,116],{"class":115},[44,142107,141312],{"class":119},[44,142109,123],{"class":115},[44,142111,112],{"class":58},[44,142113,134122],{"class":62},[44,142115,112],{"class":58},[44,142117,129],{"class":115},[44,142119,6496],{"class":77},[44,142121,129],{"class":115},[44,142123,31080],{"class":77},[44,142125,5495],{"class":115},[44,142127,4902],{"class":3787},[20,142129,142130,142131,142133],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142132,52790],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[30,142135,142137],{"id":142136},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142139,142140],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142142,142143,142144,49478],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142145,40974],{},[35,142147,142149],{"className":37,"code":142148,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142150,142151,142165,142179,142193,142197,142221,142225,142246,142267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142152,142153,142156,142158,142160,142163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142154,142155],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,142157,55],{"class":54},[44,142159,59],{"class":58},[44,142161,142162],{"class":62},"img_101.jpg",[44,142164,66],{"class":58},[44,142166,142167,142170,142172,142174,142177],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142168,142169],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,142171,55],{"class":54},[44,142173,59],{"class":58},[44,142175,142176],{"class":62},"photo_202.jpg",[44,142178,66],{"class":58},[44,142180,142181,142184,142186,142188,142191],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,142182,142183],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,142185,55],{"class":54},[44,142187,59],{"class":58},[44,142189,142190],{"class":62},"doc_303.jpg",[44,142192,66],{"class":58},[44,142194,142195],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,142196,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,142198,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,142200,127760],{"class":50},[44,142202,55],{"class":54},[44,142204,9375],{"class":115},[44,142206,112],{"class":58},[44,142208,141847],{"class":62},[44,142210,112],{"class":58},[44,142212,129],{"class":115},[44,142214,59],{"class":58},[44,142216,141856],{"class":62},[44,142218,112],{"class":58},[44,142220,135],{"class":115},[44,142222,142223],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,142224,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,142226,142227,142229,142231,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,142228,142],{"class":141},[44,142230,123],{"class":115},[44,142232,142233],{"class":119},"filename1",[44,142235,116],{"class":115},[44,142237,141312],{"class":119},[44,142239,123],{"class":115},[44,142241,127812],{"class":119},[44,142243,5495],{"class":115},[44,142245,3788],{"class":3787},[44,142247,142248,142250,142252,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,142249,142],{"class":141},[44,142251,123],{"class":115},[44,142253,142254],{"class":119},"filename2",[44,142256,116],{"class":115},[44,142258,141312],{"class":119},[44,142260,123],{"class":115},[44,142262,127812],{"class":119},[44,142264,5495],{"class":115},[44,142266,3788],{"class":3787},[44,142268,142269,142271,142273,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,142270,142],{"class":141},[44,142272,123],{"class":115},[44,142274,142275],{"class":119},"filename3",[44,142277,116],{"class":115},[44,142279,141312],{"class":119},[44,142281,123],{"class":115},[44,142283,127812],{"class":119},[44,142285,5495],{"class":115},[44,142287,4902],{"class":3787},[20,142289,142290],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142292,74903,142293,142297],{},[200,142294,126466,142295,10880],{"href":130057},[15,142296,126523],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[30,142299,124115],{"id":124114},[20,142301,142302,123926],{},[15,142303,127833],{},[20,142305,127510,142306,536,142309,127517],{},[15,142307,142308],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142310,142311],{},"\"python\"",[35,142313,142315],{"className":37,"code":142314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142316,142317,142329,142333,142357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142318,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142320,248],{"class":50},[44,142322,55],{"class":54},[44,142324,59],{"class":58},[44,142326,7435],{"class":62},[44,142328,66],{"class":58},[44,142330,142331],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142332,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,142334,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345,142347,142349,142351,142353,142355],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,142336,142],{"class":141},[44,142338,123],{"class":115},[44,142340,308],{"class":119},[44,142342,116],{"class":115},[44,142344,141312],{"class":119},[44,142346,123],{"class":115},[44,142348,112],{"class":58},[44,142350,141423],{"class":62},[44,142352,112],{"class":58},[44,142354,5495],{"class":115},[44,142356,3788],{"class":3787},[44,142358,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,142360,142],{"class":141},[44,142362,123],{"class":115},[44,142364,308],{"class":119},[44,142366,116],{"class":115},[44,142368,141312],{"class":119},[44,142370,123],{"class":115},[44,142372,112],{"class":58},[44,142374,128910],{"class":62},[44,142376,112],{"class":58},[44,142378,5495],{"class":115},[44,142380,4902],{"class":3787},[20,142382,127602,142383,116],{},[200,142384,142385],{"href":124195},[15,142386,124198],{},[35,142388,142390],{"className":37,"code":142389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142391,142392,142404,142408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142393,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142395,248],{"class":50},[44,142397,55],{"class":54},[44,142399,59],{"class":58},[44,142401,7435],{"class":62},[44,142403,66],{"class":58},[44,142405,142406],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142407,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,142409,142410,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428,142430,142432,142434],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,142411,142],{"class":141},[44,142413,123],{"class":115},[44,142415,308],{"class":119},[44,142417,116],{"class":115},[44,142419,8779],{"class":119},[44,142421,8776],{"class":115},[44,142423,141312],{"class":119},[44,142425,123],{"class":115},[44,142427,112],{"class":58},[44,142429,128910],{"class":62},[44,142431,112],{"class":58},[44,142433,5495],{"class":115},[44,142435,3788],{"class":3787},[30,142437,5092,142439],{"id":142438},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142440,127833],{},[20,142442,142443,142445],{},[15,142444,127833],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142447,9512],{},[218,142449,142450,142453,142456,142465],{},[221,142451,142452],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[221,142454,142455],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[221,142457,142458,142459,3000,142462],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142460,142461],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142463,142464],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[221,142466,142467],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142469,238],{},[35,142471,142473],{"className":37,"code":142472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142474,142475,142488,142492,142521],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142476,142477,142479,142481,142483,142486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142478,127328],{"class":50},[44,142480,55],{"class":54},[44,142482,59],{"class":58},[44,142484,142485],{"class":62},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,142487,66],{"class":58},[44,142489,142490],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142491,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,142493,142494,142496,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515,142517,142519],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,142495,7135],{"class":4003},[44,142497,142498],{"class":50}," url",[44,142500,116],{"class":115},[44,142502,141312],{"class":119},[44,142504,5645],{"class":115},[44,142506,112],{"class":58},[44,142508,142461],{"class":62},[44,142510,112],{"class":58},[44,142512,129],{"class":115},[44,142514,59],{"class":58},[44,142516,142464],{"class":62},[44,142518,112],{"class":58},[44,142520,69694],{"class":115},[44,142522,142523,142525,142527,142529,142532,142534],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,142524,8206],{"class":141},[44,142526,123],{"class":115},[44,142528,112],{"class":58},[44,142530,142531],{"class":62},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,142533,112],{"class":58},[44,142535,135],{"class":115},[30,142537,1467],{"id":1466},[20,142539,23230,142540,116],{},[15,142541,127833],{},[1474,142543,138676],{"id":142544},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142546,142547,123926],{},[15,142548,127833],{},[35,142550,142552],{"className":37,"code":142551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142553,142554,142566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142555,142556,142558,142560,142562,142564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142557,248],{"class":50},[44,142559,55],{"class":54},[44,142561,59],{"class":58},[44,142563,7435],{"class":62},[44,142565,66],{"class":58},[44,142567,142568,142570,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584,142586,142588],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142569,142],{"class":141},[44,142571,123],{"class":115},[44,142573,308],{"class":119},[44,142575,116],{"class":115},[44,142577,141312],{"class":119},[44,142579,123],{"class":115},[44,142581,112],{"class":58},[44,142583,39],{"class":62},[44,142585,112],{"class":58},[44,142587,5495],{"class":115},[44,142589,4902],{"class":3787},[20,142591,39399],{},[35,142593,142595],{"className":37,"code":142594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142596,142597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142598,142599,142601,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142600,142],{"class":141},[44,142602,123],{"class":115},[44,142604,308],{"class":119},[44,142606,116],{"class":115},[44,142608,8779],{"class":119},[44,142610,8776],{"class":115},[44,142612,141312],{"class":119},[44,142614,123],{"class":115},[44,142616,112],{"class":58},[44,142618,39],{"class":62},[44,142620,112],{"class":58},[44,142622,5495],{"class":115},[44,142624,3788],{"class":3787},[1474,142626,29786,142628,137158],{"id":142627},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142629,127833],{},[20,142631,142632],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,142634,142636],{"className":37,"code":142635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142637,142638,142646,142650,142655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142639,142640,142642,142644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142641,2568],{"class":50},[44,142643,55],{"class":54},[44,142645,125150],{"class":77},[44,142647,142648],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142649,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,142651,142652],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,142653,142654],{"class":3787},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,142656,142657],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,142658,142659],{"class":3787},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142661,39399],{},[35,142663,142665],{"className":37,"code":142664,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142666,142667,142681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142668,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142670,2568],{"class":50},[44,142672,55],{"class":54},[44,142674,49035],{"class":1296},[44,142676,123],{"class":115},[44,142678,50376],{"class":77},[44,142680,135],{"class":115},[44,142682,142683,142685,142687,142689,142691,142693,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142684,142],{"class":141},[44,142686,123],{"class":115},[44,142688,379],{"class":119},[44,142690,116],{"class":115},[44,142692,141312],{"class":119},[44,142694,123],{"class":115},[44,142696,112],{"class":58},[44,142698,3111],{"class":62},[44,142700,112],{"class":58},[44,142702,5495],{"class":115},[44,142704,3788],{"class":3787},[1474,142706,37341,142708,8844,142710],{"id":142707},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142709,127833],{},[15,142711,887],{},[20,142713,142714,142716],{},[15,142715,127833],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142718,142719,142720,142722,142723,116],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142721,887],{}," or methods like ",[200,142724,142725],{"href":124478},[15,142726,124463],{},[35,142728,142730],{"className":37,"code":142729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142731,142732,142744,142748,142772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142733,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142735,248],{"class":50},[44,142737,55],{"class":54},[44,142739,59],{"class":58},[44,142741,60538],{"class":62},[44,142743,66],{"class":58},[44,142745,142746],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142747,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,142749,142750,142752,142754,142756,142758,142760,142762,142764,142766,142768,142770],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,142751,142],{"class":141},[44,142753,123],{"class":115},[44,142755,308],{"class":119},[44,142757,116],{"class":115},[44,142759,141312],{"class":119},[44,142761,123],{"class":115},[44,142763,112],{"class":58},[44,142765,60723],{"class":62},[44,142767,112],{"class":58},[44,142769,5495],{"class":115},[44,142771,4902],{"class":3787},[44,142773,142774,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784,142786,142788,142790],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,142775,142],{"class":141},[44,142777,123],{"class":115},[44,142779,112],{"class":58},[44,142781,60723],{"class":62},[44,142783,112],{"class":58},[44,142785,21311],{"class":4003},[44,142787,269],{"class":119},[44,142789,3784],{"class":115},[44,142791,142792],{"class":3787},"           # True\n",[20,142794,135710,142795,116],{},[200,142796,127501],{"href":123723},[1474,142798,1838,142800,536,142802,142804],{"id":142799},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142801,36209],{},[15,142803,52790],{}," use index positions",[20,142806,142807,142808,116],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142809,2240],{},[35,142811,142813],{"className":37,"code":142812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142814,142815,142828,142832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142816,142817,142819,142821,142823,142826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142818,248],{"class":50},[44,142820,55],{"class":54},[44,142822,59],{"class":58},[44,142824,142825],{"class":62},"abcdef",[44,142827,66],{"class":58},[44,142829,142830],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142831,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,142833,142834,142836,142838,142840,142842,142844,142846,142848,142851,142853,142855,142857,142859],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,142835,142],{"class":141},[44,142837,123],{"class":115},[44,142839,308],{"class":119},[44,142841,116],{"class":115},[44,142843,141312],{"class":119},[44,142845,123],{"class":115},[44,142847,112],{"class":58},[44,142849,142850],{"class":62},"cd",[44,142852,112],{"class":58},[44,142854,129],{"class":115},[44,142856,3116],{"class":77},[44,142858,5495],{"class":115},[44,142860,3788],{"class":3787},[1474,142862,142864],{"id":142863},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142866,142867],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142869,16781],{},[35,142871,142873],{"className":37,"code":142872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142874,142875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142876,142877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142878,142872],{"class":3787},[20,142880,16793],{},[35,142882,142884],{"className":37,"code":142883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142885,142886,142898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142887,142888,142890,142892,142894,142896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142889,248],{"class":50},[44,142891,55],{"class":54},[44,142893,59],{"class":58},[44,142895,7435],{"class":62},[44,142897,66],{"class":58},[44,142899,142900,142902,142904,142906,142908,142910,142912,142914,142916,142918,142920,142922,142925,142927,142929],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142901,142],{"class":141},[44,142903,123],{"class":115},[44,142905,308],{"class":119},[44,142907,116],{"class":115},[44,142909,141312],{"class":119},[44,142911,5645],{"class":115},[44,142913,112],{"class":58},[44,142915,141423],{"class":62},[44,142917,112],{"class":58},[44,142919,129],{"class":115},[44,142921,59],{"class":58},[44,142923,142924],{"class":62},"Ja",[44,142926,112],{"class":58},[44,142928,51221],{"class":115},[44,142930,3788],{"class":3787},[20,142932,32219],{},[35,142934,142936],{"className":37,"code":142935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142937,142938,142948,142962,142984,143010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142939,142940,142942,142944,142946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142941,142],{"class":141},[44,142943,123],{"class":115},[44,142945,308],{"class":119},[44,142947,135],{"class":115},[44,142949,142950,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,142951,142],{"class":141},[44,142953,123],{"class":115},[44,142955,1297],{"class":1296},[44,142957,123],{"class":115},[44,142959,308],{"class":119},[44,142961,567],{"class":115},[44,142963,142964,142966,142968,142970,142972,142974,142976,142978,142980,142982],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,142965,142],{"class":141},[44,142967,123],{"class":115},[44,142969,308],{"class":119},[44,142971,116],{"class":115},[44,142973,141312],{"class":119},[44,142975,123],{"class":115},[44,142977,112],{"class":58},[44,142979,141423],{"class":62},[44,142981,112],{"class":58},[44,142983,567],{"class":115},[44,142985,142986,142988,142990,142992,142994,142996,142998,143000,143002,143004,143006,143008],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,142987,142],{"class":141},[44,142989,123],{"class":115},[44,142991,308],{"class":119},[44,142993,116],{"class":115},[44,142995,8779],{"class":119},[44,142997,8776],{"class":115},[44,142999,141312],{"class":119},[44,143001,123],{"class":115},[44,143003,112],{"class":58},[44,143005,128910],{"class":62},[44,143007,112],{"class":58},[44,143009,567],{"class":115},[44,143011,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143028,143030,143032,143034,143036,143038],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,143013,142],{"class":141},[44,143015,123],{"class":115},[44,143017,308],{"class":119},[44,143019,116],{"class":115},[44,143021,141312],{"class":119},[44,143023,5645],{"class":115},[44,143025,112],{"class":58},[44,143027,141423],{"class":62},[44,143029,112],{"class":58},[44,143031,129],{"class":115},[44,143033,59],{"class":58},[44,143035,142924],{"class":62},[44,143037,112],{"class":58},[44,143039,3034],{"class":115},[30,143041,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,143043,12844,143045,128310],{"id":143044},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143046,127833],{},[20,143048,143049,143050,3000,143052,116],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143051,3724],{},[15,143053,3798],{},[1474,143055,5302,143057,143059],{"id":143056},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143058,127833],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143061,143062],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,143064,143066],{"className":37,"code":143065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143067,143068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143069,143070,143072,143074,143076,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090,143092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143071,308],{"class":50},[44,143073,116],{"class":115},[44,143075,141312],{"class":119},[44,143077,5645],{"class":115},[44,143079,112],{"class":58},[44,143081,200],{"class":62},[44,143083,112],{"class":58},[44,143085,129],{"class":115},[44,143087,59],{"class":58},[44,143089,4891],{"class":62},[44,143091,112],{"class":58},[44,143093,567],{"class":115},[1474,143095,2006,143097,124804],{"id":143096},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143098,127833],{},[20,143100,129992],{},[1474,143102,5312,143104,536,143106,1995],{"id":143103},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143105,127833],{},[15,143107,887],{},[20,143109,143110,143112,143113,143115],{},[15,143111,127833],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143114,887],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1474,143117,28464,143119,536,143121,8844,143123,1995],{"id":143118},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143120,36209],{},[15,143122,52790],{},[15,143124,127833],{},[20,143126,143127],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[30,143129,2019],{"id":2018},[218,143131,143132,143138,143144,143150,143154],{},[221,143133,143134],{},[200,143135,126466,143136,10880],{"href":130057},[15,143137,126523],{},[221,143139,143140],{},[200,143141,126466,143142,10880],{"href":124478},[15,143143,124463],{},[221,143145,143146],{},[200,143147,126466,143148,10880],{"href":124195},[15,143149,124198],{},[221,143151,143152],{},[200,143153,124867],{"href":123723},[221,143155,143156],{},[200,143157,203],{"href":202},[2048,143159,143160],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":143162},[143163,143165,143166,143172,143173,143175,143176,143177,143179,143189,143201],{"id":141358,"depth":69,"text":143164},"What startswith() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":141637,"depth":69,"text":141638,"children":143167},[143168,143169,143170,143171],{"id":141475,"depth":81,"text":141475},{"id":36209,"depth":81,"text":36209},{"id":52790,"depth":81,"text":52790},{"id":141804,"depth":81,"text":141805},{"id":1218,"depth":69,"text":1219},{"id":141982,"depth":69,"text":143174},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142136,"depth":69,"text":142137},{"id":124114,"depth":69,"text":124115},{"id":142438,"depth":69,"text":143178},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":143180},[143181,143182,143184,143186,143188],{"id":142544,"depth":81,"text":138676},{"id":142627,"depth":81,"text":143183},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142707,"depth":81,"text":143185},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142799,"depth":81,"text":143187},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142863,"depth":81,"text":142864},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":143190},[143191,143193,143195,143197,143199],{"id":143044,"depth":81,"text":143192},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143056,"depth":81,"text":143194},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143096,"depth":81,"text":143196},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143103,"depth":81,"text":143198},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143118,"depth":81,"text":143200},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141258,"description":143202},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143209,"title":143210,"body":143211,"description":144665,"extension":2084,"meta":144666,"navigation":84,"path":144667,"seo":144668,"stem":144669,"__hash__":144670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143212,"toc":144635},[143213,143218,143223,143226,143228,143272,143274,143282,143287,143292,143297,143299,143317,143319,143365,143367,143381,143390,143394,143396,143398,143410,143415,143418,143450,143452,143461,143466,143469,143510,143512,143520,143522,143535,143541,143545,143548,143564,143566,143615,143617,143626,143629,143688,143690,143699,143706,143709,143762,143764,143788,143795,143801,143805,143811,143814,143825,143827,143867,143869,143877,143879,143919,143921,143930,143932,143950,143953,143960,143971,143974,143991,143993,144070,144072,144103,144106,144108,144111,144137,144139,144179,144181,144190,144200,144208,144216,144221,144226,144228,144242,144244,144295,144297,144306,144316,144318,144320,144342,144345,144424,144426,144462,144465,144540,144545,144547,144553,144558,144563,144566,144572,144575,144582,144590,144594,144602,144604,144632],[10,143214,13,143216,18],{"id":143215},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143217,41791],{},[20,143219,32453,143220,143222],{},[15,143221,41791],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143224,143225],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[30,143227,3729],{"id":3728},[35,143229,143231],{"className":37,"code":143230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143232,143233,143246,143261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143234,143235,143237,143239,143241,143244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143236,248],{"class":50},[44,143238,55],{"class":54},[44,143240,59],{"class":58},[44,143242,143243],{"class":62},"  hello  ",[44,143245,66],{"class":58},[44,143247,143248,143251,143253,143255,143257,143259],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143249,143250],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,143252,55],{"class":54},[44,143254,269],{"class":50},[44,143256,116],{"class":115},[44,143258,8773],{"class":119},[44,143260,8782],{"class":115},[44,143262,143263,143265,143267,143270],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,143264,142],{"class":141},[44,143266,123],{"class":115},[44,143268,143269],{"class":119},"clean_text",[44,143271,135],{"class":115},[20,143273,155],{},[35,143275,143276],{"className":37,"code":138551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143277,143278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143279,143280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143281,138551],{"class":50},[20,143283,189,143284,143286],{},[15,143285,41791],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[30,143288,3802,143290,3805],{"id":143289},"what-strip-does",[15,143291,41791],{},[20,143293,143294,143296],{},[15,143295,41791],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143298,13189],{},[218,143300,143301,143305,143308,143311,143314],{},[221,143302,143303,1841],{},[15,143304,41791],{},[221,143306,143307],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[221,143309,143310],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[221,143312,143313],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[221,143315,143316],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143318,238],{},[35,143320,143322],{"className":37,"code":143321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143323,143324,143337,143341,143355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143325,143326,143328,143330,143332,143335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143327,248],{"class":50},[44,143329,55],{"class":54},[44,143331,59],{"class":58},[44,143333,143334],{"class":62},"  hello world  ",[44,143336,66],{"class":58},[44,143338,143339],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143340,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,143342,143343,143345,143347,143349,143351,143353],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,143344,142],{"class":141},[44,143346,123],{"class":115},[44,143348,308],{"class":119},[44,143350,116],{"class":115},[44,143352,8773],{"class":119},[44,143354,7332],{"class":115},[44,143356,143357,143359,143361,143363],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,143358,142],{"class":141},[44,143360,123],{"class":115},[44,143362,308],{"class":119},[44,143364,135],{"class":115},[20,143366,155],{},[35,143368,143370],{"className":37,"code":143369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143371,143372,143376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143373,143374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143375,134252],{"class":50},[44,143377,143378],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143379,143380],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,143382,143383,143384,143386,143387,143389],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143385,41791],{},", but the original ",[15,143388,308],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143391,198,143392,116],{},[200,143393,203],{"href":202},[30,143395,351],{"id":350},[20,143397,26622],{},[218,143399,143400,143405],{},[221,143401,143402],{},[15,143403,143404],{},"string.strip()",[221,143406,143407],{},[15,143408,143409],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1474,143411,143413],{"id":143412},"stringstrip",[15,143414,143404],{},[20,143416,143417],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,143419,143421],{"className":37,"code":143420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143422,143423,143436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143424,143425,143427,143429,143431,143434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143426,51],{"class":50},[44,143428,55],{"class":54},[44,143430,59],{"class":58},[44,143432,143433],{"class":62},"  Alice  ",[44,143435,66],{"class":58},[44,143437,143438,143440,143442,143444,143446,143448],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143439,142],{"class":141},[44,143441,123],{"class":115},[44,143443,126],{"class":119},[44,143445,116],{"class":115},[44,143447,8773],{"class":119},[44,143449,7332],{"class":115},[20,143451,155],{},[35,143453,143455],{"className":37,"code":143454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,143456,143457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143458,143459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143460,143454],{"class":50},[1474,143462,143464],{"id":143463},"stringstripchars",[15,143465,143409],{},[20,143467,143468],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,143470,143472],{"className":37,"code":143471,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143473,143474,143487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143475,143476,143478,143480,143482,143485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143477,248],{"class":50},[44,143479,55],{"class":54},[44,143481,59],{"class":58},[44,143483,143484],{"class":62},"!!hello??",[44,143486,66],{"class":58},[44,143488,143489,143491,143493,143495,143497,143499,143501,143503,143506,143508],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143490,142],{"class":141},[44,143492,123],{"class":115},[44,143494,308],{"class":119},[44,143496,116],{"class":115},[44,143498,8773],{"class":119},[44,143500,123],{"class":115},[44,143502,112],{"class":58},[44,143504,143505],{"class":62},"!?",[44,143507,112],{"class":58},[44,143509,567],{"class":115},[20,143511,155],{},[35,143513,143514],{"className":37,"code":138551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143515,143516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143517,143518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143519,138551],{"class":50},[20,143521,83949],{},[218,143523,143524,143529],{},[221,143525,143526,143528],{},[15,143527,134495],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[221,143530,143531,143532,143534],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143533,134495],{}," does not matter",[30,143536,143538,143539],{"id":143537},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143540,41791],{},[20,143542,31022,143543,116],{},[15,143544,41791],{},[20,143546,143547],{},"It is useful for:",[218,143549,143550,143555,143558,143561],{},[221,143551,143552,143553,4012],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143554,3080],{},[221,143556,143557],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[221,143559,143560],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[221,143562,143563],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143565,48492],{},[35,143567,143569],{"className":37,"code":143568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143570,143571,143584,143600,143604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143572,143573,143575,143577,143579,143582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143574,8099],{"class":50},[44,143576,55],{"class":54},[44,143578,59],{"class":58},[44,143580,143581],{"class":62},"  sam  ",[44,143583,66],{"class":58},[44,143585,143586,143589,143591,143594,143596,143598],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143587,143588],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,143590,55],{"class":54},[44,143592,143593],{"class":50}," username",[44,143595,116],{"class":115},[44,143597,8773],{"class":119},[44,143599,8782],{"class":115},[44,143601,143602],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,143603,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,143605,143606,143608,143610,143613],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,143607,142],{"class":141},[44,143609,123],{"class":115},[44,143611,143612],{"class":119},"clean_username",[44,143614,135],{"class":115},[20,143616,155],{},[35,143618,143620],{"className":37,"code":143619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,143621,143622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143623,143624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143625,143619],{"class":50},[20,143627,143628],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,143630,143632],{"className":37,"code":143631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143633,143634,143647,143651,143673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143635,143636,143638,143640,143642,143645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143637,136479],{"class":50},[44,143639,55],{"class":54},[44,143641,59],{"class":58},[44,143643,143644],{"class":62}," yes  ",[44,143646,66],{"class":58},[44,143648,143649],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143650,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,143652,143653,143655,143657,143659,143661,143663,143665,143667,143669,143671],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,143654,7135],{"class":4003},[44,143656,136499],{"class":50},[44,143658,116],{"class":115},[44,143660,8773],{"class":119},[44,143662,7504],{"class":115},[44,143664,6545],{"class":54},[44,143666,59],{"class":58},[44,143668,8797],{"class":62},[44,143670,112],{"class":58},[44,143672,6530],{"class":115},[44,143674,143675,143677,143679,143681,143684,143686],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,143676,8206],{"class":141},[44,143678,123],{"class":115},[44,143680,112],{"class":58},[44,143682,143683],{"class":62},"Matched",[44,143685,112],{"class":58},[44,143687,135],{"class":115},[20,143689,155],{},[35,143691,143693],{"className":37,"code":143692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,143694,143695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143696,143697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143698,143692],{"class":50},[20,143700,143701,143702,116],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[200,143703,143705],{"href":143704},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143707,143708],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,143710,143712],{"className":37,"code":143711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143713,143714,143730,143744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143715,143716,143719,143721,143723,143726,143728],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143717,143718],{"class":50},"line ",[44,143720,55],{"class":54},[44,143722,59],{"class":58},[44,143724,143725],{"class":62},"Python basics",[44,143727,87281],{"class":34590},[44,143729,66],{"class":58},[44,143731,143732,143734,143736,143738,143740,143742],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143733,142],{"class":141},[44,143735,123],{"class":115},[44,143737,41917],{"class":141},[44,143739,123],{"class":115},[44,143741,46],{"class":119},[44,143743,567],{"class":115},[44,143745,143746,143748,143750,143752,143754,143756,143758,143760],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,143747,142],{"class":141},[44,143749,123],{"class":115},[44,143751,41917],{"class":141},[44,143753,123],{"class":115},[44,143755,46],{"class":119},[44,143757,116],{"class":115},[44,143759,8773],{"class":119},[44,143761,6426],{"class":115},[20,143763,155],{},[35,143765,143767],{"className":37,"code":143766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143768,143769,143780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143770,143771,143773,143775,143778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143772,1338],{"class":364},[44,143774,143725],{"class":367},[44,143776,87281],{"class":143777},"sfi6f",[44,143779,29836],{"class":364},[44,143781,143782,143784,143786],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143783,1338],{"class":364},[44,143785,143725],{"class":367},[44,143787,29836],{"class":364},[20,143789,8556,143790,143792,143793,116],{},[15,143791,122684],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143794,87281],{},[20,143796,143797,143798,116],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[200,143799,143800],{"href":87934},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[30,143802,143804],{"id":143803},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143806,143807,143808,116],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143809,143810],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143812,143813],{},"Python will:",[218,143815,143816,143819,143822],{},[221,143817,143818],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[221,143820,143821],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[221,143823,143824],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143826,238],{},[35,143828,143830],{"className":37,"code":143829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143831,143832,143845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143833,143834,143836,143838,143840,143843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143835,248],{"class":50},[44,143837,55],{"class":54},[44,143839,59],{"class":58},[44,143841,143842],{"class":62},"??hello!!",[44,143844,66],{"class":58},[44,143846,143847,143849,143851,143853,143855,143857,143859,143861,143863,143865],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143848,142],{"class":141},[44,143850,123],{"class":115},[44,143852,308],{"class":119},[44,143854,116],{"class":115},[44,143856,8773],{"class":119},[44,143858,123],{"class":115},[44,143860,112],{"class":58},[44,143862,143505],{"class":62},[44,143864,112],{"class":58},[44,143866,567],{"class":115},[20,143868,155],{},[35,143870,143871],{"className":37,"code":138551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143872,143873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143874,143875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143876,138551],{"class":50},[20,143878,1127],{},[35,143880,143882],{"className":37,"code":143881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143883,143884,143897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143885,143886,143888,143890,143892,143895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143887,248],{"class":50},[44,143889,55],{"class":54},[44,143891,59],{"class":58},[44,143893,143894],{"class":62},"abcHelloCba",[44,143896,66],{"class":58},[44,143898,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909,143911,143913,143915,143917],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,143900,142],{"class":141},[44,143902,123],{"class":115},[44,143904,308],{"class":119},[44,143906,116],{"class":115},[44,143908,8773],{"class":119},[44,143910,123],{"class":115},[44,143912,112],{"class":58},[44,143914,41698],{"class":62},[44,143916,112],{"class":58},[44,143918,567],{"class":115},[20,143920,155],{},[35,143922,143924],{"className":37,"code":143923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,143925,143926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143927,143928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143929,143923],{"class":50},[20,143931,6371],{},[20,143933,143934,14191,143937,143939,143940,143942,143943,2310,143945,2314,143947,143949],{},[15,143935,143936],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[153,143938,4761],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143941,41698],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143944,200],{},[15,143946,4891],{},[15,143948,9878],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143951,143952],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143954,143955,143956,6768],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[200,143957,143958],{"href":130044},[15,143959,124639],{},[30,143961,143963,10724,143965,10724,143968],{"id":143962},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143964,41791],{},[15,143966,143967],{},"lstrip()",[15,143969,143970],{},"rstrip()",[20,143972,143973],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[218,143975,143976,143981,143986],{},[221,143977,143978,143980],{},[15,143979,41791],{}," removes from both ends",[221,143982,143983,143985],{},[15,143984,143967],{}," removes from the left side only",[221,143987,143988,143990],{},[15,143989,143970],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143992,238],{},[35,143994,143996],{"className":37,"code":143995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143997,143998,144010,144014,144032,144051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143999,144000,144002,144004,144006,144008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144001,248],{"class":50},[44,144003,55],{"class":54},[44,144005,59],{"class":58},[44,144007,143243],{"class":62},[44,144009,66],{"class":58},[44,144011,144012],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144013,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,144015,144016,144018,144020,144022,144024,144026,144028,144030],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,144017,142],{"class":141},[44,144019,123],{"class":115},[44,144021,41917],{"class":141},[44,144023,123],{"class":115},[44,144025,308],{"class":119},[44,144027,116],{"class":115},[44,144029,8773],{"class":119},[44,144031,6426],{"class":115},[44,144033,144034,144036,144038,144040,144042,144044,144046,144049],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,144035,142],{"class":141},[44,144037,123],{"class":115},[44,144039,41917],{"class":141},[44,144041,123],{"class":115},[44,144043,308],{"class":119},[44,144045,116],{"class":115},[44,144047,144048],{"class":119},"lstrip",[44,144050,6426],{"class":115},[44,144052,144053,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065,144068],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,144054,142],{"class":141},[44,144056,123],{"class":115},[44,144058,41917],{"class":141},[44,144060,123],{"class":115},[44,144062,308],{"class":119},[44,144064,116],{"class":115},[44,144066,144067],{"class":119},"rstrip",[44,144069,6426],{"class":115},[20,144071,155],{},[35,144073,144075],{"className":37,"code":144074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144076,144077,144085,144094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144078,144079,144081,144083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144080,1338],{"class":364},[44,144082,3971],{"class":367},[44,144084,29836],{"class":364},[44,144086,144087,144089,144092],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144088,1338],{"class":364},[44,144090,144091],{"class":367},"hello  ",[44,144093,29836],{"class":364},[44,144095,144096,144098,144101],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,144097,1338],{"class":364},[44,144099,144100],{"class":367},"  hello",[44,144102,29836],{"class":364},[20,144104,144105],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[30,144107,108481],{"id":108480},[20,144109,144110],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[218,144112,144113,144121,144131,144134],{},[221,144114,144115,144117,144118,144120],{},[15,144116,143936],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144119,41667],{}," once",[221,144122,144123,144124,2310,144126,2314,144128,144130],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144125,200],{},[15,144127,4891],{},[15,144129,9878],{}," from both ends",[221,144132,144133],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[221,144135,144136],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144138,238],{},[35,144140,144142],{"className":37,"code":144141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144143,144144,144157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144145,144146,144148,144150,144152,144155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144147,126548],{"class":50},[44,144149,55],{"class":54},[44,144151,59],{"class":58},[44,144153,144154],{"class":62},"txt_report.txt",[44,144156,66],{"class":58},[44,144158,144159,144161,144163,144165,144167,144169,144171,144173,144175,144177],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144160,142],{"class":141},[44,144162,123],{"class":115},[44,144164,126566],{"class":119},[44,144166,116],{"class":115},[44,144168,8773],{"class":119},[44,144170,123],{"class":115},[44,144172,112],{"class":58},[44,144174,126601],{"class":62},[44,144176,112],{"class":58},[44,144178,567],{"class":115},[20,144180,155],{},[35,144182,144184],{"className":37,"code":144183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,144185,144186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144187,144188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144189,144183],{"class":50},[20,144191,144192,144193,2310,144195,2314,144197,144199],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144194,116],{},[15,144196,63419],{},[15,144198,2294],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144201,53783,144202,4914,144205,144207],{},[15,144203,144204],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[153,144206,4761],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144209,144210,144211,144215],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[200,144212,144213],{"href":130044},[15,144214,124639],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[30,144217,5092,144219],{"id":144218},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144220,41791],{},[20,144222,189,144223,144225],{},[15,144224,41791],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144227,36563],{},[218,144229,144230,144234,144236,144239],{},[221,144231,143552,144232,4012],{},[15,144233,3080],{},[221,144235,143557],{},[221,144237,144238],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[221,144240,144241],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144243,238],{},[35,144245,144247],{"className":37,"code":144246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144248,144249,144263,144267,144280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144250,144251,144254,144256,144258,144261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144252,144253],{"class":50},"email ",[44,144255,55],{"class":54},[44,144257,59],{"class":58},[44,144259,144260],{"class":62},"  user@example.com  ",[44,144262,66],{"class":58},[44,144264,144265],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144266,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,144268,144269,144271,144274,144276,144278],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,144270,7135],{"class":4003},[44,144272,144273],{"class":50}," email",[44,144275,116],{"class":115},[44,144277,8773],{"class":119},[44,144279,21733],{"class":115},[44,144281,144282,144284,144286,144288,144291,144293],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,144283,8206],{"class":141},[44,144285,123],{"class":115},[44,144287,112],{"class":58},[44,144289,144290],{"class":62},"Email was entered",[44,144292,112],{"class":58},[44,144294,135],{"class":115},[20,144296,155],{},[35,144298,144300],{"className":37,"code":144299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,144301,144302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144303,144304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144305,144299],{"class":50},[20,144307,144308,144309,144311,144312,116],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144310,41791],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[200,144313,144314],{"href":124195},[15,144315,124198],{},[30,144317,1467],{"id":1466},[20,144319,84368],{},[218,144321,144322,144326,144331,144336],{},[221,144323,1707,144324,1710],{},[15,144325,41791],{},[221,144327,1707,144328,144330],{},[15,144329,41791],{}," to remove text from the middle",[221,144332,8556,144333,144335],{},[15,144334,144204],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[221,144337,1838,144338,144341],{},[15,144339,144340],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144343,144344],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,144346,144348],{"className":37,"code":144347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144349,144350,144364,144368,144378,144392,144406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144351,144352,144354,144356,144358,144360,144362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144353,248],{"class":50},[44,144355,55],{"class":54},[44,144357,59],{"class":58},[44,144359,144100],{"class":62},[44,144361,87281],{"class":34590},[44,144363,66],{"class":58},[44,144365,144366],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144367,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,144369,144370,144372,144374,144376],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,144371,142],{"class":141},[44,144373,123],{"class":115},[44,144375,308],{"class":119},[44,144377,135],{"class":115},[44,144379,144380,144382,144384,144386,144388,144390],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,144381,142],{"class":141},[44,144383,123],{"class":115},[44,144385,41917],{"class":141},[44,144387,123],{"class":115},[44,144389,308],{"class":119},[44,144391,567],{"class":115},[44,144393,144394,144396,144398,144400,144402,144404],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,144395,142],{"class":141},[44,144397,123],{"class":115},[44,144399,308],{"class":119},[44,144401,116],{"class":115},[44,144403,8773],{"class":119},[44,144405,7332],{"class":115},[44,144407,144408,144410,144412,144414,144416,144418,144420,144422],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,144409,142],{"class":141},[44,144411,123],{"class":115},[44,144413,41917],{"class":141},[44,144415,123],{"class":115},[44,144417,308],{"class":119},[44,144419,116],{"class":115},[44,144421,8773],{"class":119},[44,144423,6426],{"class":115},[20,144425,155],{},[35,144427,144429],{"className":37,"code":144428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144430,144431,144436,144440,144450,144454],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144432,144433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144434,144435],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,144437,144438],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144439,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,144441,144442,144444,144446,144448],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,144443,1338],{"class":364},[44,144445,144100],{"class":367},[44,144447,87281],{"class":143777},[44,144449,29836],{"class":364},[44,144451,144452],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,144453,138551],{"class":50},[44,144455,144456,144458,144460],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,144457,1338],{"class":364},[44,144459,3971],{"class":367},[44,144461,29836],{"class":364},[20,144463,144464],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,144466,144468],{"className":37,"code":144467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144469,144470,144480,144494,144508,144526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144471,144472,144474,144476,144478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144473,142],{"class":141},[44,144475,123],{"class":115},[44,144477,308],{"class":119},[44,144479,135],{"class":115},[44,144481,144482,144484,144486,144488,144490,144492],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144483,142],{"class":141},[44,144485,123],{"class":115},[44,144487,41917],{"class":141},[44,144489,123],{"class":115},[44,144491,308],{"class":119},[44,144493,567],{"class":115},[44,144495,144496,144498,144500,144502,144504,144506],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,144497,142],{"class":141},[44,144499,123],{"class":115},[44,144501,308],{"class":119},[44,144503,116],{"class":115},[44,144505,8773],{"class":119},[44,144507,7332],{"class":115},[44,144509,144510,144512,144514,144516,144518,144520,144522,144524],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,144511,142],{"class":141},[44,144513,123],{"class":115},[44,144515,41917],{"class":141},[44,144517,123],{"class":115},[44,144519,308],{"class":119},[44,144521,116],{"class":115},[44,144523,8773],{"class":119},[44,144525,6426],{"class":115},[44,144527,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,144529,1934],{"class":141},[44,144531,123],{"class":115},[44,144533,1335],{"class":1296},[44,144535,116],{"class":115},[44,144537,8773],{"class":685},[44,144539,135],{"class":115},[20,144541,144542,144544],{},[15,144543,122684],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[30,144546,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,144548,12844,144550,144552],{"id":144549},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144551,41791],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144554,46498,144555,144557],{},[15,144556,41791],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1474,144559,12844,144561,124795],{"id":144560},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144562,41791],{},[20,144564,144565],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1474,144567,5274,144569,144571],{"id":144568},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144570,41791],{}," remove by default?",[20,144573,144574],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1474,144576,34342,144578,34345,144580,1995],{"id":144577},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144579,41791],{},[15,144581,124639],{},[20,144583,144584,144586,144587,144589],{},[15,144585,41791],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144588,124639],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1474,144591,144593],{"id":144592},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144595,128337,144596,144598,144599,144601],{},[15,144597,143967],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144600,143970],{}," for the right side.",[30,144603,2019],{"id":2018},[218,144605,144606,144612,144618,144623,144628],{},[221,144607,144608],{},[200,144609,126466,144610,10880],{"href":124195},[15,144611,124198],{},[221,144613,144614],{},[200,144615,126466,144616,10880],{"href":130044},[15,144617,124639],{},[221,144619,144620],{},[200,144621,144622],{"href":143704},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[221,144624,144625],{},[200,144626,144627],{"href":87934},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[221,144629,144630],{},[200,144631,203],{"href":202},[2048,144633,144634],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":144636},[144637,144638,144640,144644,144646,144647,144649,144650,144652,144653,144664],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":143289,"depth":69,"text":144639},"What strip() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":144641},[144642,144643],{"id":143412,"depth":81,"text":143404},{"id":143463,"depth":81,"text":143409},{"id":143537,"depth":69,"text":144645},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143803,"depth":69,"text":143804},{"id":143962,"depth":69,"text":144648},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108480,"depth":69,"text":108481},{"id":144218,"depth":69,"text":144651},"When to use strip()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":144654},[144655,144657,144659,144661,144663],{"id":144549,"depth":81,"text":144656},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144560,"depth":81,"text":144658},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144568,"depth":81,"text":144660},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144577,"depth":81,"text":144662},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144592,"depth":81,"text":144593},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143210,"description":144665},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144672,"title":144673,"body":144674,"description":145854,"extension":2084,"meta":145855,"navigation":84,"path":145856,"seo":145857,"stem":145858,"__hash__":145859},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144675,"toc":145824},[144676,144681,144686,144691,144693,144739,144747,144752,144766,144772,144774,144776,144791,144793,144803,144806,144837,144840,144863,144865,144868,144925,144927,144941,144943,144957,144963,144968,144971,145012,145014,145023,145031,145034,145079,145081,145090,145093,145097,145102,145116,145118,145150,145152,145172,145175,145180,145185,145187,145198,145201,145258,145260,145268,145277,145279,145281,145287,145289,145326,145328,145336,145338,145379,145381,145390,145395,145400,145402,145429,145436,145439,145470,145472,145481,145487,145496,145527,145529,145541,145554,145558,145563,145593,145595,145662,145664,145674,145676,145681,145684,145689,145694,145698,145704,145710,145713,145715,145773,145775,145783,145785,145821],[10,144677,13,144679,18],{"id":144678},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144680,128342],{},[20,144682,22,144683,144685],{},[15,144684,128342],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144687,84745,144688,144690],{},[15,144689,128342],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[30,144692,33],{"id":32},[35,144694,144696],{"className":37,"code":144695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144697,144698,144710,144724,144734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144699,144700,144702,144704,144706,144708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144701,248],{"class":50},[44,144703,55],{"class":54},[44,144705,59],{"class":58},[44,144707,129183],{"class":62},[44,144709,66],{"class":58},[44,144711,144712,144714,144716,144718,144720,144722],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144713,2351],{"class":50},[44,144715,55],{"class":54},[44,144717,269],{"class":50},[44,144719,116],{"class":115},[44,144721,34615],{"class":119},[44,144723,8782],{"class":115},[44,144725,144726,144728,144730,144732],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,144727,142],{"class":141},[44,144729,123],{"class":115},[44,144731,2386],{"class":119},[44,144733,135],{"class":115},[44,144735,144736],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,144737,144738],{"class":3787},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144740,144741,144743,144744,144746],{},[15,144742,128342],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[153,144745,4761],{}," change the original string in place.",[30,144748,3802,144750,3805],{"id":144749},"what-upper-does",[15,144751,128342],{},[218,144753,144754,144759,144762,144764],{},[221,144755,144756,144758],{},[15,144757,128342],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[221,144760,144761],{},"It works on string values only",[221,144763,133484],{},[221,144765,136202],{},[20,144767,198,144768,3000,144770,116],{},[200,144769,136208],{"href":136207},[200,144771,203],{"href":202},[30,144773,351],{"id":350},[20,144775,2280],{},[35,144777,144779],{"className":37,"code":144778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,144780,144781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144782,144783,144785,144787,144789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144784,61306],{"class":50},[44,144786,116],{"class":115},[44,144788,34615],{"class":119},[44,144790,8782],{"class":115},[20,144792,11598],{},[218,144794,144795,144797,144800],{},[221,144796,97646],{},[221,144798,144799],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[221,144801,144802],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144804,144805],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,144807,144809],{"className":37,"code":144808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144810,144811,144823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144812,144813,144815,144817,144819,144821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144814,51],{"class":50},[44,144816,55],{"class":54},[44,144818,59],{"class":58},[44,144820,39],{"class":62},[44,144822,66],{"class":58},[44,144824,144825,144827,144829,144831,144833,144835],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144826,142],{"class":141},[44,144828,123],{"class":115},[44,144830,126],{"class":119},[44,144832,116],{"class":115},[44,144834,34615],{"class":119},[44,144836,7332],{"class":115},[20,144838,144839],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,144841,144843],{"className":37,"code":144842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144844,144845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144846,144847,144849,144851,144853,144855,144857,144859,144861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144848,142],{"class":141},[44,144850,123],{"class":115},[44,144852,112],{"class":58},[44,144854,3971],{"class":62},[44,144856,112],{"class":58},[44,144858,116],{"class":115},[44,144860,34615],{"class":119},[44,144862,7332],{"class":115},[30,144864,11615],{"id":11614},[20,144866,144867],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,144869,144871],{"className":37,"code":144870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144872,144873,144885,144900,144904,144914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144874,144875,144877,144879,144881,144883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144876,6290],{"class":50},[44,144878,55],{"class":54},[44,144880,59],{"class":58},[44,144882,4216],{"class":62},[44,144884,66],{"class":58},[44,144886,144887,144890,144892,144894,144896,144898],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144888,144889],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,144891,55],{"class":54},[44,144893,38518],{"class":50},[44,144895,116],{"class":115},[44,144897,34615],{"class":119},[44,144899,8782],{"class":115},[44,144901,144902],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,144903,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,144905,144906,144908,144910,144912],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,144907,142],{"class":141},[44,144909,123],{"class":115},[44,144911,38528],{"class":119},[44,144913,135],{"class":115},[44,144915,144916,144918,144920,144923],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,144917,142],{"class":141},[44,144919,123],{"class":115},[44,144921,144922],{"class":119},"uppercase_word",[44,144924,135],{"class":115},[20,144926,155],{},[35,144928,144930],{"className":37,"code":144929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144931,144932,144936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144933,144934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144935,70537],{"class":50},[44,144937,144938],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144939,144940],{"class":34590},"BANANA\n",[20,144942,112587],{},[218,144944,144945,144950],{},[221,144946,144947,144949],{},[15,144948,38528],{}," keeps its original value",[221,144951,144952,144954,144955],{},[15,144953,144922],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144956,128342],{},[30,144958,144960,144962],{"id":144959},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144961,128342],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144964,136868,144965,144967],{},[153,144966,136871],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144969,144970],{},"So this method:",[35,144972,144974],{"className":37,"code":144973,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144975,144976,144988,144998,145002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144977,144978,144980,144982,144984,144986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144979,51],{"class":50},[44,144981,55],{"class":54},[44,144983,59],{"class":58},[44,144985,17940],{"class":62},[44,144987,66],{"class":58},[44,144989,144990,144992,144994,144996],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,144991,126],{"class":50},[44,144993,116],{"class":115},[44,144995,34615],{"class":119},[44,144997,8782],{"class":115},[44,144999,145000],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,145001,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,145003,145004,145006,145008,145010],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,145005,142],{"class":141},[44,145007,123],{"class":115},[44,145009,126],{"class":119},[44,145011,135],{"class":115},[20,145013,155],{},[35,145015,145017],{"className":37,"code":145016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,145018,145019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145020,145021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145022,145016],{"class":50},[20,145024,21115,145025,145027,145028,145030],{},[15,145026,128342],{}," was called, ",[15,145029,126],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145032,145033],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,145035,145037],{"className":37,"code":145036,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145038,145039,145051,145065,145069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145040,145041,145043,145045,145047,145049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145042,51],{"class":50},[44,145044,55],{"class":54},[44,145046,59],{"class":58},[44,145048,17940],{"class":62},[44,145050,66],{"class":58},[44,145052,145053,145055,145057,145059,145061,145063],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145054,51],{"class":50},[44,145056,55],{"class":54},[44,145058,36128],{"class":50},[44,145060,116],{"class":115},[44,145062,34615],{"class":119},[44,145064,8782],{"class":115},[44,145066,145067],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,145068,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,145070,145071,145073,145075,145077],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,145072,142],{"class":141},[44,145074,123],{"class":115},[44,145076,126],{"class":119},[44,145078,135],{"class":115},[20,145080,155],{},[35,145082,145084],{"className":37,"code":145083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,145085,145086],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145087,145088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145089,145083],{"class":34590},[20,145091,145092],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[30,145094,145096],{"id":145095},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145098,145099,145101],{},[15,145100,128342],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[218,145103,145104,145107,145110,145113],{},[221,145105,145106],{},"Numbers stay the same",[221,145108,145109],{},"Spaces stay the same",[221,145111,145112],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[221,145114,145115],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145117,238],{},[35,145119,145121],{"className":37,"code":145120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145122,145123,145136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131,145134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145126,248],{"class":50},[44,145128,55],{"class":54},[44,145130,59],{"class":58},[44,145132,145133],{"class":62},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,145135,66],{"class":58},[44,145137,145138,145140,145142,145144,145146,145148],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145139,142],{"class":141},[44,145141,123],{"class":115},[44,145143,308],{"class":119},[44,145145,116],{"class":115},[44,145147,34615],{"class":119},[44,145149,7332],{"class":115},[20,145151,155],{},[35,145153,145155],{"className":37,"code":145154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145156,145157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145158,145159,145162,145164,145166,145169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145160,145161],{"class":34590},"ROOM",[44,145163,6129],{"class":77},[44,145165,129],{"class":115},[44,145167,145168],{"class":34590}," TABLE",[44,145170,145171],{"class":3787}," #3!\n",[20,145173,145174],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[30,145176,5092,145178],{"id":145177},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145179,128342],{},[20,145181,145182,145184],{},[15,145183,128342],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145186,48470],{},[218,145188,145189,145192,145195],{},[221,145190,145191],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[221,145193,145194],{},"Format labels or headings",[221,145196,145197],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145199,145200],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,145202,145204],{"className":37,"code":145203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145205,145206,145218,145222,145244],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145207,145208,145210,145212,145214,145216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145209,136479],{"class":50},[44,145211,55],{"class":54},[44,145213,59],{"class":58},[44,145215,8797],{"class":62},[44,145217,66],{"class":58},[44,145219,145220],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145221,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,145223,145224,145226,145228,145230,145232,145234,145236,145238,145240,145242],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,145225,7135],{"class":4003},[44,145227,136499],{"class":50},[44,145229,116],{"class":115},[44,145231,34615],{"class":119},[44,145233,7504],{"class":115},[44,145235,6545],{"class":54},[44,145237,59],{"class":58},[44,145239,136486],{"class":62},[44,145241,112],{"class":58},[44,145243,6530],{"class":115},[44,145245,145246,145248,145250,145252,145254,145256],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,145247,8206],{"class":141},[44,145249,123],{"class":115},[44,145251,112],{"class":58},[44,145253,143683],{"class":62},[44,145255,112],{"class":58},[44,145257,135],{"class":115},[20,145259,155],{},[35,145261,145262],{"className":37,"code":143692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145263,145264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145265,145266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145267,143692],{"class":50},[20,145269,145270,145271,2310,145273,2314,145275,116],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145272,8797],{},[15,145274,137272],{},[15,145276,136486],{},[30,145278,1467],{"id":1466},[1474,145280,96007],{"id":96006},[20,145282,8254,145283,145286],{},[15,145284,145285],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145288,16781],{},[35,145290,145292],{"className":37,"code":145291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145293,145294,145306,145316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145295,145296,145298,145300,145302,145304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145297,248],{"class":50},[44,145299,55],{"class":54},[44,145301,59],{"class":58},[44,145303,3971],{"class":62},[44,145305,66],{"class":58},[44,145307,145308,145310,145312,145314],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145309,308],{"class":50},[44,145311,116],{"class":115},[44,145313,34615],{"class":119},[44,145315,8782],{"class":115},[44,145317,145318,145320,145322,145324],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,145319,142],{"class":141},[44,145321,123],{"class":115},[44,145323,308],{"class":119},[44,145325,135],{"class":115},[20,145327,155],{},[35,145329,145330],{"className":37,"code":138551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145331,145332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145333,145334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145335,138551],{"class":50},[20,145337,16793],{},[35,145339,145341],{"className":37,"code":145340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145342,145343,145355,145369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145344,145345,145347,145349,145351,145353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145346,248],{"class":50},[44,145348,55],{"class":54},[44,145350,59],{"class":58},[44,145352,3971],{"class":62},[44,145354,66],{"class":58},[44,145356,145357,145359,145361,145363,145365,145367],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145358,248],{"class":50},[44,145360,55],{"class":54},[44,145362,269],{"class":50},[44,145364,116],{"class":115},[44,145366,34615],{"class":119},[44,145368,8782],{"class":115},[44,145370,145371,145373,145375,145377],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,145372,142],{"class":141},[44,145374,123],{"class":115},[44,145376,308],{"class":119},[44,145378,135],{"class":115},[20,145380,155],{},[35,145382,145384],{"className":37,"code":145383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,145385,145386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145387,145388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145389,145383],{"class":34590},[1474,145391,19045,145393,137158],{"id":145392},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145394,128342],{},[20,145396,145397,145399],{},[15,145398,128342],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145401,238],{},[35,145403,145405],{"className":37,"code":145404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145406,145407,145415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145408,145409,145411,145413],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145410,2338],{"class":50},[44,145412,55],{"class":54},[44,145414,125150],{"class":77},[44,145416,145417,145419,145421,145423,145425,145427],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145418,142],{"class":141},[44,145420,123],{"class":115},[44,145422,2361],{"class":119},[44,145424,116],{"class":115},[44,145426,34615],{"class":119},[44,145428,7332],{"class":115},[20,145430,39791,145431,145433,145434,33737],{},[15,145432,2309],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145435,128342],{},[20,145437,145438],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,145440,145442],{"className":37,"code":145441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145443,145444,145452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145445,145446,145448,145450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145447,2338],{"class":50},[44,145449,55],{"class":54},[44,145451,125150],{"class":77},[44,145453,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145455,142],{"class":141},[44,145457,123],{"class":115},[44,145459,1335],{"class":1296},[44,145461,123],{"class":115},[44,145463,2361],{"class":119},[44,145465,8770],{"class":115},[44,145467,34615],{"class":119},[44,145469,7332],{"class":115},[20,145471,155],{},[35,145473,145475],{"className":37,"code":145474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,145476,145477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145478,145479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145480,145474],{"class":77},[1474,145482,37341,145484,145486],{"id":145483},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145485,128342],{}," with title case",[20,145488,145489,145491,145492,145495],{},[15,145490,128342],{}," makes ",[153,145493,145494],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,145497,145499],{"className":37,"code":145498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145500,145501,145513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145502,145503,145505,145507,145509,145511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145504,248],{"class":50},[44,145506,55],{"class":54},[44,145508,59],{"class":58},[44,145510,60538],{"class":62},[44,145512,66],{"class":58},[44,145514,145515,145517,145519,145521,145523,145525],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145516,142],{"class":141},[44,145518,123],{"class":115},[44,145520,308],{"class":119},[44,145522,116],{"class":115},[44,145524,34615],{"class":119},[44,145526,7332],{"class":115},[20,145528,155],{},[35,145530,145532],{"className":37,"code":145531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145533,145534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145535,145536,145538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145537,136260],{"class":34590},[44,145539,145540],{"class":34590}," WORLD\n",[20,145542,145543,145544,145548,145549,145553],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[200,145545,145546],{"href":124195},[15,145547,124198],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[200,145550,145551],{"href":130044},[15,145552,124639],{}," changes parts of a string.",[30,145555,145557],{"id":145556},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145559,145560,145561,790],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145562,128342],{},[218,145564,145565,145572,145579,145586],{},[221,145566,145567,145571],{},[200,145568,145569],{"href":124195},[15,145570,124198],{}," for lowercase text",[221,145573,145574,145578],{},[200,145575,145576],{"href":136806},[15,145577,41791],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[221,145580,145581,145585],{},[200,145582,145583],{"href":130044},[15,145584,124639],{}," for changing parts of a string",[221,145587,145588,536,145590,145592],{},[15,145589,127833],{},[15,145591,126523],{}," for checks",[20,145594,238],{},[35,145596,145598],{"className":37,"code":145597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145599,145600,145612,145616,145631,145647,145651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145601,145602,145604,145606,145608,145610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145603,248],{"class":50},[44,145605,55],{"class":54},[44,145607,59],{"class":58},[44,145609,143334],{"class":62},[44,145611,66],{"class":58},[44,145613,145614],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145615,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,145617,145618,145621,145623,145625,145627,145629],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,145619,145620],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,145622,55],{"class":54},[44,145624,269],{"class":50},[44,145626,116],{"class":115},[44,145628,8773],{"class":119},[44,145630,8782],{"class":115},[44,145632,145633,145636,145638,145641,145643,145645],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,145634,145635],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,145637,55],{"class":54},[44,145639,145640],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,145642,116],{"class":115},[44,145644,34615],{"class":119},[44,145646,8782],{"class":115},[44,145648,145649],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,145650,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,145652,145653,145655,145657,145660],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,145654,142],{"class":141},[44,145656,123],{"class":115},[44,145658,145659],{"class":119},"loud",[44,145661,135],{"class":115},[20,145663,155],{},[35,145665,145666],{"className":37,"code":145531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145667,145668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145669,145670,145672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145671,136260],{"class":34590},[44,145673,145540],{"class":34590},[30,145675,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,145677,12844,145679,124795],{"id":145678},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145680,128342],{},[20,145682,145683],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1474,145685,12844,145687,137540],{"id":145686},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145688,128342],{},[20,145690,145691,145692,116],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145693,145285],{},[1474,145695,145697],{"id":145696},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145699,145700,145701,145703],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145702,128342],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1474,145705,28464,145707,145709],{"id":145706},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145708,128342],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145711,145712],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145714,238],{},[35,145716,145718],{"className":37,"code":145717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145719,145720,145732,145745,145749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145721,145722,145724,145726,145728,145730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145723,2676],{"class":50},[44,145725,55],{"class":54},[44,145727,59],{"class":58},[44,145729,39],{"class":62},[44,145731,66],{"class":58},[44,145733,145734,145736,145738,145740,145743],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145735,2704],{"class":50},[44,145737,55],{"class":54},[44,145739,59],{"class":58},[44,145741,145742],{"class":62},"PYTHON",[44,145744,66],{"class":58},[44,145746,145747],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,145748,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,145750,145751,145753,145755,145757,145759,145761,145763,145765,145767,145769,145771],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,145752,142],{"class":141},[44,145754,123],{"class":115},[44,145756,200],{"class":119},[44,145758,116],{"class":115},[44,145760,34615],{"class":119},[44,145762,7504],{"class":115},[44,145764,6545],{"class":54},[44,145766,2681],{"class":119},[44,145768,116],{"class":115},[44,145770,34615],{"class":119},[44,145772,7332],{"class":115},[20,145774,155],{},[35,145776,145777],{"className":37,"code":4107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145778,145779],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145780,145781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145782,4107],{"class":3978},[30,145784,2019],{"id":2018},[218,145786,145787,145791,145797,145803,145809,145813,145817],{},[221,145788,145789],{},[200,145790,203],{"href":202},[221,145792,145793],{},[200,145794,126466,145795,10880],{"href":124195},[15,145796,124198],{},[221,145798,145799],{},[200,145800,126466,145801,10880],{"href":136806},[15,145802,41791],{},[221,145804,145805],{},[200,145806,126466,145807,10880],{"href":130044},[15,145808,124639],{},[221,145810,145811],{},[200,145812,2030],{"href":1462},[221,145814,145815],{},[200,145816,124867],{"href":123723},[221,145818,145819],{},[200,145820,137626],{"href":136207},[2048,145822,145823],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":145825},[145826,145827,145829,145830,145831,145833,145834,145836,145843,145844,145853],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":144749,"depth":69,"text":145828},"What upper() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":144959,"depth":69,"text":145832},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145095,"depth":69,"text":145096},{"id":145177,"depth":69,"text":145835},"When to use upper()",{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":145837},[145838,145839,145841],{"id":96006,"depth":81,"text":96007},{"id":145392,"depth":81,"text":145840},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145483,"depth":81,"text":145842},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145556,"depth":69,"text":145557},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":145845},[145846,145848,145850,145851],{"id":145678,"depth":81,"text":145847},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145686,"depth":81,"text":145849},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145696,"depth":81,"text":145697},{"id":145706,"depth":81,"text":145852},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144673,"description":145854},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145861,"title":145862,"body":145863,"description":147740,"extension":2084,"meta":147741,"navigation":84,"path":147742,"seo":147743,"stem":147744,"__hash__":147745},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145864,"toc":147690},[145865,145871,145878,145884,145886,145942,145947,145952,145957,145960,145979,145982,145984,146008,146026,146037,146039,146042,146095,146097,146105,146107,146125,146130,146133,146190,146192,146201,146204,146224,146227,146233,146238,146240,146283,146285,146293,146296,146337,146339,146348,146354,146360,146387,146389,146397,146402,146406,146418,146461,146463,146471,146476,146482,146487,146491,146493,146536,146539,146586,146588,146597,146604,146608,146611,146657,146662,146666,146668,146711,146714,146722,146724,146729,146731,146733,146752,146755,146767,146769,146788,146790,146798,146802,146804,146855,146858,146933,146935,146943,146946,146950,146952,146999,147002,147073,147075,147083,147089,147091,147166,147170,147249,147251,147259,147265,147271,147276,147281,147330,147334,147405,147408,147413,147424,147427,147438,147448,147450,147455,147480,147485,147566,147568,147593,147595,147600,147603,147609,147618,147624,147627,147633,147639,147646,147649,147651,147687],[10,145866,1013,145868,3699],{"id":145867},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145869,145870],{},"sum()",[20,145872,9263,145873,145875,145876,24899],{},[15,145874,145870],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145877,60130],{},[20,145879,145880,145881,145883],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145882,36209],{}," value and a few important limits.",[30,145885,33],{"id":32},[35,145887,145889],{"className":37,"code":145888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145890,145891,145915,145930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145892,145893,145895,145897,145899,145901,145903,145905,145907,145909,145911,145913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145894,3739],{"class":50},[44,145896,55],{"class":54},[44,145898,3744],{"class":115},[44,145900,3111],{"class":77},[44,145902,129],{"class":115},[44,145904,3116],{"class":77},[44,145906,129],{"class":115},[44,145908,2573],{"class":77},[44,145910,129],{"class":115},[44,145912,2579],{"class":77},[44,145914,3757],{"class":115},[44,145916,145917,145919,145921,145924,145926,145928],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,145918,41320],{"class":50},[44,145920,55],{"class":54},[44,145922,145923],{"class":141}," sum",[44,145925,123],{"class":115},[44,145927,3771],{"class":119},[44,145929,135],{"class":115},[44,145931,145932,145934,145936,145938,145940],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,145933,142],{"class":141},[44,145935,123],{"class":115},[44,145937,41349],{"class":119},[44,145939,3784],{"class":115},[44,145941,26930],{"class":3787},[20,145943,189,145944,145946],{},[15,145945,145870],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[30,145948,3802,145950,3805],{"id":145949},"what-sum-does",[15,145951,145870],{},[20,145953,145954,145956],{},[15,145955,145870],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145958,145959],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[218,145961,145962,145965,145968,145973],{},[221,145963,145964],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[221,145966,145967],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[221,145969,145970,145971],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145972,36335],{},[221,145974,145975,145976,145978],{},"Counting ",[15,145977,3724],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145980,145981],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[30,145983,351],{"id":350},[35,145985,145987],{"className":37,"code":145986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145988,145989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145990,145991,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145992,145993],{"class":141},"sum",[44,145995,123],{"class":115},[44,145997,3846],{"class":119},[44,145999,129],{"class":115},[44,146001,36188],{"class":826},[44,146003,55],{"class":54},[44,146005,2240],{"class":77},[44,146007,135],{"class":115},[218,146009,146010,146015,146020],{},[221,146011,146012,146014],{},[15,146013,3846],{}," is the group of values to add",[221,146016,146017,146019],{},[15,146018,36209],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[221,146021,146022,146023],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,146024,146025],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,146027,146028,146029,146032,146033,116],{},"If you are new to the word ",[146030,146031,3846],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[200,146034,146035,24753],{"href":36332},[15,146036,36335],{},[30,146038,11615],{"id":11614},[20,146040,146041],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,146043,146045],{"className":37,"code":146044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146046,146047,146067,146081,146085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146048,146049,146051,146053,146055,146057,146059,146061,146063,146065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146050,3739],{"class":50},[44,146052,55],{"class":54},[44,146054,3744],{"class":115},[44,146056,2257],{"class":77},[44,146058,129],{"class":115},[44,146060,6140],{"class":77},[44,146062,129],{"class":115},[44,146064,38073],{"class":77},[44,146066,3757],{"class":115},[44,146068,146069,146071,146073,146075,146077,146079],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146070,41320],{"class":50},[44,146072,55],{"class":54},[44,146074,145923],{"class":141},[44,146076,123],{"class":115},[44,146078,3771],{"class":119},[44,146080,135],{"class":115},[44,146082,146083],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,146084,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,146086,146087,146089,146091,146093],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,146088,142],{"class":141},[44,146090,123],{"class":115},[44,146092,41349],{"class":119},[44,146094,135],{"class":115},[20,146096,155],{},[35,146098,146099],{"className":37,"code":69971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146100,146101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146102,146103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146104,69971],{"class":77},[20,146106,11823],{},[218,146108,146109,146114,146120],{},[221,146110,146111,146113],{},[15,146112,3771],{}," contains three integers",[221,146115,146116,146119],{},[15,146117,146118],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[221,146121,146122,146123],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,146124,41349],{},[30,146126,36750,146128,8572],{"id":146127},"using-the-start-value",[15,146129,36209],{},[20,146131,146132],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,146134,146136],{"className":37,"code":146135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146137,146138,146158,146176,146180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146139,146140,146142,146144,146146,146148,146150,146152,146154,146156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146141,3739],{"class":50},[44,146143,55],{"class":54},[44,146145,3744],{"class":115},[44,146147,3111],{"class":77},[44,146149,129],{"class":115},[44,146151,3116],{"class":77},[44,146153,129],{"class":115},[44,146155,2573],{"class":77},[44,146157,3757],{"class":115},[44,146159,146160,146162,146164,146166,146168,146170,146172,146174],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146161,41320],{"class":50},[44,146163,55],{"class":54},[44,146165,145923],{"class":141},[44,146167,123],{"class":115},[44,146169,3771],{"class":119},[44,146171,129],{"class":115},[44,146173,6140],{"class":77},[44,146175,135],{"class":115},[44,146177,146178],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,146179,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,146181,146182,146184,146186,146188],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,146183,142],{"class":141},[44,146185,123],{"class":115},[44,146187,41349],{"class":119},[44,146189,135],{"class":115},[20,146191,155],{},[35,146193,146195],{"className":37,"code":146194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,146196,146197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146198,146199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146200,146194],{"class":77},[20,146202,146203],{},"This works like:",[218,146205,146206,146211,146216,146220],{},[221,146207,146208,146209],{},"Start at ",[15,146210,2451],{},[221,146212,146213,146214],{},"Add ",[15,146215,3111],{},[221,146217,146213,146218],{},[15,146219,2177],{},[221,146221,146213,146222],{},[15,146223,2183],{},[20,146225,146226],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[30,146228,3802,146230,146232],{"id":146229},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,146231,145870],{}," can work with",[20,146234,146235,146237],{},[15,146236,145870],{}," works with numeric values.",[1474,146239,40562],{"id":40561},[35,146241,146243],{"className":37,"code":146242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146244,146245,146269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146246,146247,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146248,3948],{"class":50},[44,146250,55],{"class":54},[44,146252,3744],{"class":115},[44,146254,3111],{"class":77},[44,146256,129],{"class":115},[44,146258,3116],{"class":77},[44,146260,129],{"class":115},[44,146262,2573],{"class":77},[44,146264,129],{"class":115},[44,146266,2579],{"class":77},[44,146268,3757],{"class":115},[44,146270,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146272,142],{"class":141},[44,146274,123],{"class":115},[44,146276,145993],{"class":141},[44,146278,123],{"class":115},[44,146280,5492],{"class":119},[44,146282,567],{"class":115},[20,146284,155],{},[35,146286,146287],{"className":37,"code":2497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146288,146289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146290,146291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146292,2497],{"class":77},[1474,146294,146295],{"id":52176},"Floats",[35,146297,146299],{"className":37,"code":146298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146300,146301,146323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146302,146303,146305,146307,146309,146311,146313,146316,146318,146321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146304,83178],{"class":50},[44,146306,55],{"class":54},[44,146308,3744],{"class":115},[44,146310,41296],{"class":77},[44,146312,129],{"class":115},[44,146314,146315],{"class":77}," 3.75",[44,146317,129],{"class":115},[44,146319,146320],{"class":77}," 1.25",[44,146322,3757],{"class":115},[44,146324,146325,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146326,142],{"class":141},[44,146328,123],{"class":115},[44,146330,145993],{"class":141},[44,146332,123],{"class":115},[44,146334,1199],{"class":119},[44,146336,567],{"class":115},[20,146338,155],{},[35,146340,146342],{"className":37,"code":146341,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,146343,146344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146345,146346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146347,146341],{"class":77},[20,146349,146350,146351,116],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[200,146352,146353],{"href":2540},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1474,146355,146357,146358],{"id":146356},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146359,36335],{},[35,146361,146363],{"className":37,"code":146362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146364,146365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146366,146367,146369,146371,146373,146375,146377,146379,146381,146383,146385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146368,142],{"class":141},[44,146370,123],{"class":115},[44,146372,145993],{"class":141},[44,146374,123],{"class":115},[44,146376,60130],{"class":141},[44,146378,123],{"class":115},[44,146380,3111],{"class":77},[44,146382,129],{"class":115},[44,146384,37780],{"class":77},[44,146386,3034],{"class":115},[20,146388,155],{},[35,146390,146391],{"className":37,"code":47172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146392,146393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146394,146395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146396,47172],{"class":77},[20,146398,113677,146399,116],{},[15,146400,146401],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1474,146403,146405],{"id":146404},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146407,146408,146409,146411,146412,536,146414,146411,146416,116],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146410,3724],{}," acts like ",[15,146413,3111],{},[15,146415,3798],{},[15,146417,2240],{},[35,146419,146421],{"className":37,"code":146420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146422,146423,146447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146424,146425,146427,146429,146431,146433,146435,146437,146439,146441,146443,146445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146426,52096],{"class":50},[44,146428,55],{"class":54},[44,146430,3744],{"class":115},[44,146432,3724],{"class":3978},[44,146434,129],{"class":115},[44,146436,4034],{"class":3978},[44,146438,129],{"class":115},[44,146440,4043],{"class":3978},[44,146442,129],{"class":115},[44,146444,4043],{"class":3978},[44,146446,3757],{"class":115},[44,146448,146449,146451,146453,146455,146457,146459],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146450,142],{"class":141},[44,146452,123],{"class":115},[44,146454,145993],{"class":141},[44,146456,123],{"class":115},[44,146458,52149],{"class":119},[44,146460,567],{"class":115},[20,146462,155],{},[35,146464,146465],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146466,146467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146468,146469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146470,46748],{"class":77},[20,146472,146473,146474,116],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146475,3724],{},[30,146477,3802,146479,146481],{"id":146478},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146480,145870],{}," does not work with",[20,146483,146484,146486],{},[15,146485,145870],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1474,146488,146490],{"id":146489},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146492,2958],{},[35,146494,146496],{"className":37,"code":146495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146497,146498,146522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146499,146500,146502,146504,146506,146508,146510,146512,146514,146516,146518,146520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146501,4198],{"class":50},[44,146503,55],{"class":54},[44,146505,3744],{"class":115},[44,146507,112],{"class":58},[44,146509,3971],{"class":62},[44,146511,112],{"class":58},[44,146513,129],{"class":115},[44,146515,59],{"class":58},[44,146517,60723],{"class":62},[44,146519,112],{"class":58},[44,146521,3757],{"class":115},[44,146523,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146525,142],{"class":141},[44,146527,123],{"class":115},[44,146529,145993],{"class":141},[44,146531,123],{"class":115},[44,146533,4242],{"class":119},[44,146535,567],{"class":115},[20,146537,146538],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,146540,146542],{"className":37,"code":146541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146543,146544,146568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146545,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146547,4198],{"class":50},[44,146549,55],{"class":54},[44,146551,3744],{"class":115},[44,146553,112],{"class":58},[44,146555,3971],{"class":62},[44,146557,112],{"class":58},[44,146559,129],{"class":115},[44,146561,59],{"class":58},[44,146563,60723],{"class":62},[44,146565,112],{"class":58},[44,146567,3757],{"class":115},[44,146569,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146571,142],{"class":141},[44,146573,123],{"class":115},[44,146575,6408],{"class":58},[44,146577,116],{"class":115},[44,146579,133395],{"class":119},[44,146581,123],{"class":115},[44,146583,4242],{"class":119},[44,146585,567],{"class":115},[20,146587,155],{},[35,146589,146591],{"className":37,"code":146590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,146592,146593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146594,146595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146596,146590],{"class":50},[20,146598,146599,146600,116],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[200,146601,146602,5918],{"href":1012},[15,146603,1016],{},[1474,146605,146607],{"id":146606},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146609,146610],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,146612,146614],{"className":37,"code":146613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146615,146616,146643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146617,146618,146621,146623,146625,146627,146629,146631,146633,146635,146637,146639,146641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146619,146620],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,146622,55],{"class":54},[44,146624,56424],{"class":115},[44,146626,3111],{"class":77},[44,146628,129],{"class":115},[44,146630,3116],{"class":77},[44,146632,18199],{"class":115},[44,146634,3744],{"class":115},[44,146636,2183],{"class":77},[44,146638,129],{"class":115},[44,146640,2579],{"class":77},[44,146642,53372],{"class":115},[44,146644,146645,146647,146649,146651,146653,146655],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146646,142],{"class":141},[44,146648,123],{"class":115},[44,146650,145993],{"class":141},[44,146652,123],{"class":115},[44,146654,5433],{"class":119},[44,146656,567],{"class":115},[20,146658,146659,146661],{},[15,146660,145870],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1474,146663,146665],{"id":146664},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146667,5606],{},[35,146669,146671],{"className":37,"code":146670,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146672,146673,146697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146674,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689,146691,146693,146695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146676,3948],{"class":50},[44,146678,55],{"class":54},[44,146680,3744],{"class":115},[44,146682,3111],{"class":77},[44,146684,129],{"class":115},[44,146686,3116],{"class":77},[44,146688,129],{"class":115},[44,146690,59],{"class":58},[44,146692,2183],{"class":62},[44,146694,112],{"class":58},[44,146696,3757],{"class":115},[44,146698,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707,146709],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146700,142],{"class":141},[44,146702,123],{"class":115},[44,146704,145993],{"class":141},[44,146706,123],{"class":115},[44,146708,5492],{"class":119},[44,146710,567],{"class":115},[20,146712,146713],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146715,146716,146717,146719,146720,116],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146718,66078],{},", convert them first. See ",[200,146721,3085],{"href":3084},[30,146723,41642],{"id":41641},[20,146725,146726,146727,116],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146728,145870],{},[1474,146730,6662],{"id":6661},[20,146732,4655],{},[35,146734,146736],{"className":37,"code":146735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146737,146738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146739,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146741,142],{"class":141},[44,146743,123],{"class":115},[44,146745,145993],{"class":141},[44,146747,123],{"class":115},[44,146749,2257],{"class":77},[44,146751,567],{"class":115},[20,146753,146754],{},"Why it fails:",[218,146756,146757,146762],{},[221,146758,146759,146761],{},[15,146760,2257],{}," is a single integer",[221,146763,146764,146766],{},[15,146765,145870],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146768,6692],{},[35,146770,146772],{"className":37,"code":146771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146773,146774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146775,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146777,142],{"class":141},[44,146779,123],{"class":115},[44,146781,145993],{"class":141},[44,146783,3108],{"class":115},[44,146785,2257],{"class":77},[44,146787,3123],{"class":115},[20,146789,155],{},[35,146791,146792],{"className":37,"code":3069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146793,146794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146795,146796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146797,3069],{"class":77},[1474,146799,146801],{"id":146800},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146803,4655],{},[35,146805,146807],{"className":37,"code":146806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146808,146809,146841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146810,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146812,3948],{"class":50},[44,146814,55],{"class":54},[44,146816,3744],{"class":115},[44,146818,112],{"class":58},[44,146820,3111],{"class":62},[44,146822,112],{"class":58},[44,146824,129],{"class":115},[44,146826,59],{"class":58},[44,146828,2177],{"class":62},[44,146830,112],{"class":58},[44,146832,129],{"class":115},[44,146834,59],{"class":58},[44,146836,2183],{"class":62},[44,146838,112],{"class":58},[44,146840,3757],{"class":115},[44,146842,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146844,142],{"class":141},[44,146846,123],{"class":115},[44,146848,145993],{"class":141},[44,146850,123],{"class":115},[44,146852,5492],{"class":119},[44,146854,567],{"class":115},[20,146856,146857],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,146859,146861],{"className":37,"code":146860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146862,146863,146895,146923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146864,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875,146877,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146866,3948],{"class":50},[44,146868,55],{"class":54},[44,146870,3744],{"class":115},[44,146872,112],{"class":58},[44,146874,3111],{"class":62},[44,146876,112],{"class":58},[44,146878,129],{"class":115},[44,146880,59],{"class":58},[44,146882,2177],{"class":62},[44,146884,112],{"class":58},[44,146886,129],{"class":115},[44,146888,59],{"class":58},[44,146890,2183],{"class":62},[44,146892,112],{"class":58},[44,146894,3757],{"class":115},[44,146896,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146898,41320],{"class":50},[44,146900,55],{"class":54},[44,146902,145923],{"class":141},[44,146904,123],{"class":115},[44,146906,2309],{"class":1296},[44,146908,123],{"class":115},[44,146910,2294],{"class":119},[44,146912,3784],{"class":115},[44,146914,4004],{"class":4003},[44,146916,4007],{"class":119},[44,146918,887],{"class":4003},[44,146920,4012],{"class":119},[44,146922,135],{"class":115},[44,146924,146925,146927,146929,146931],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,146926,142],{"class":141},[44,146928,123],{"class":115},[44,146930,41349],{"class":119},[44,146932,135],{"class":115},[20,146934,155],{},[35,146936,146937],{"className":37,"code":2777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146938,146939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146940,146941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146942,2777],{"class":77},[20,146944,146945],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1474,146947,146949],{"id":146948},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146951,4655],{},[35,146953,146955],{"className":37,"code":146954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146956,146957,146985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146958,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967,146969,146971,146973,146975,146977,146979,146981,146983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146960,3948],{"class":50},[44,146962,55],{"class":54},[44,146964,3744],{"class":115},[44,146966,3111],{"class":77},[44,146968,129],{"class":115},[44,146970,3116],{"class":77},[44,146972,129],{"class":115},[44,146974,59],{"class":58},[44,146976,2183],{"class":62},[44,146978,112],{"class":58},[44,146980,129],{"class":115},[44,146982,2579],{"class":77},[44,146984,3757],{"class":115},[44,146986,146987,146989,146991,146993,146995,146997],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,146988,142],{"class":141},[44,146990,123],{"class":115},[44,146992,145993],{"class":141},[44,146994,123],{"class":115},[44,146996,5492],{"class":119},[44,146998,567],{"class":115},[20,147000,147001],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,147003,147005],{"className":37,"code":147004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147006,147007,147035,147063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147008,147009,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029,147031,147033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147010,3948],{"class":50},[44,147012,55],{"class":54},[44,147014,3744],{"class":115},[44,147016,3111],{"class":77},[44,147018,129],{"class":115},[44,147020,3116],{"class":77},[44,147022,129],{"class":115},[44,147024,59],{"class":58},[44,147026,2183],{"class":62},[44,147028,112],{"class":58},[44,147030,129],{"class":115},[44,147032,2579],{"class":77},[44,147034,3757],{"class":115},[44,147036,147037,147039,147041,147043,147045,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147038,41320],{"class":50},[44,147040,55],{"class":54},[44,147042,145923],{"class":141},[44,147044,123],{"class":115},[44,147046,2309],{"class":1296},[44,147048,123],{"class":115},[44,147050,2294],{"class":119},[44,147052,3784],{"class":115},[44,147054,4004],{"class":4003},[44,147056,4007],{"class":119},[44,147058,887],{"class":4003},[44,147060,4012],{"class":119},[44,147062,135],{"class":115},[44,147064,147065,147067,147069,147071],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,147066,142],{"class":141},[44,147068,123],{"class":115},[44,147070,41349],{"class":119},[44,147072,135],{"class":115},[20,147074,155],{},[35,147076,147077],{"className":37,"code":2497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147078,147079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147080,147081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147082,2497],{"class":77},[1474,147084,8556,147086,147088],{"id":147085},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,147087,145870],{}," to join text",[20,147090,4655],{},[35,147092,147094],{"className":37,"code":147093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,147095,147096,147152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147097,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106,147108,147110,147112,147114,147116,147118,147120,147122,147124,147126,147128,147130,147132,147134,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147099,36227],{"class":50},[44,147101,55],{"class":54},[44,147103,3744],{"class":115},[44,147105,112],{"class":58},[44,147107,133994],{"class":62},[44,147109,112],{"class":58},[44,147111,129],{"class":115},[44,147113,59],{"class":58},[44,147115,11885],{"class":62},[44,147117,112],{"class":58},[44,147119,129],{"class":115},[44,147121,59],{"class":58},[44,147123,63419],{"class":62},[44,147125,112],{"class":58},[44,147127,129],{"class":115},[44,147129,59],{"class":58},[44,147131,60570],{"class":62},[44,147133,112],{"class":58},[44,147135,129],{"class":115},[44,147137,59],{"class":58},[44,147139,60605],{"class":62},[44,147141,112],{"class":58},[44,147143,129],{"class":115},[44,147145,59],{"class":58},[44,147147,76161],{"class":62},[44,147149,112],{"class":58},[44,147151,3757],{"class":115},[44,147153,147154,147156,147158,147160,147162,147164],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147155,142],{"class":141},[44,147157,123],{"class":115},[44,147159,145993],{"class":141},[44,147161,123],{"class":115},[44,147163,36280],{"class":119},[44,147165,567],{"class":115},[20,147167,189,147168,60664],{},[15,147169,133318],{},[35,147171,147173],{"className":37,"code":147172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,147174,147175,147231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147176,147177,147179,147181,147183,147185,147187,147189,147191,147193,147195,147197,147199,147201,147203,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215,147217,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147178,36227],{"class":50},[44,147180,55],{"class":54},[44,147182,3744],{"class":115},[44,147184,112],{"class":58},[44,147186,133994],{"class":62},[44,147188,112],{"class":58},[44,147190,129],{"class":115},[44,147192,59],{"class":58},[44,147194,11885],{"class":62},[44,147196,112],{"class":58},[44,147198,129],{"class":115},[44,147200,59],{"class":58},[44,147202,63419],{"class":62},[44,147204,112],{"class":58},[44,147206,129],{"class":115},[44,147208,59],{"class":58},[44,147210,60570],{"class":62},[44,147212,112],{"class":58},[44,147214,129],{"class":115},[44,147216,59],{"class":58},[44,147218,60605],{"class":62},[44,147220,112],{"class":58},[44,147222,129],{"class":115},[44,147224,59],{"class":58},[44,147226,76161],{"class":62},[44,147228,112],{"class":58},[44,147230,3757],{"class":115},[44,147232,147233,147235,147237,147239,147241,147243,147245,147247],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147234,142],{"class":141},[44,147236,123],{"class":115},[44,147238,6408],{"class":58},[44,147240,116],{"class":115},[44,147242,133395],{"class":119},[44,147244,123],{"class":115},[44,147246,36280],{"class":119},[44,147248,567],{"class":115},[20,147250,155],{},[35,147252,147253],{"className":37,"code":134075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147254,147255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147256,147257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147258,134075],{"class":50},[20,147260,147261,147262,116],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[200,147263,147264],{"href":135156},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[30,147266,147268,147270],{"id":147267},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,147269,145870],{}," vs manual loop",[20,147272,147273,147275],{},[15,147274,145870],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1474,147277,8556,147279],{"id":147278},"using-sum",[15,147280,145870],{},[35,147282,147284],{"className":37,"code":147283,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147285,147286,147306,147320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147287,147288,147290,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300,147302,147304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147289,3739],{"class":50},[44,147291,55],{"class":54},[44,147293,3744],{"class":115},[44,147295,2626],{"class":77},[44,147297,129],{"class":115},[44,147299,6129],{"class":77},[44,147301,129],{"class":115},[44,147303,54266],{"class":77},[44,147305,3757],{"class":115},[44,147307,147308,147310,147312,147314,147316,147318],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147309,41320],{"class":50},[44,147311,55],{"class":54},[44,147313,145923],{"class":141},[44,147315,123],{"class":115},[44,147317,3771],{"class":119},[44,147319,135],{"class":115},[44,147321,147322,147324,147326,147328],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,147323,142],{"class":141},[44,147325,123],{"class":115},[44,147327,41349],{"class":119},[44,147329,135],{"class":115},[1474,147331,147333],{"id":147332},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,147335,147337],{"className":37,"code":147336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147338,147339,147359,147367,147371,147383,147391,147395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147340,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147342,3739],{"class":50},[44,147344,55],{"class":54},[44,147346,3744],{"class":115},[44,147348,2626],{"class":77},[44,147350,129],{"class":115},[44,147352,6129],{"class":77},[44,147354,129],{"class":115},[44,147356,54266],{"class":77},[44,147358,3757],{"class":115},[44,147360,147361,147363,147365],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147362,41320],{"class":50},[44,147364,55],{"class":54},[44,147366,38650],{"class":77},[44,147368,147369],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,147370,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,147372,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,147374,6093],{"class":4003},[44,147376,6523],{"class":50},[44,147378,887],{"class":4003},[44,147380,4392],{"class":50},[44,147382,6530],{"class":115},[44,147384,147385,147387,147389],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,147386,90229],{"class":50},[44,147388,90232],{"class":54},[44,147390,90235],{"class":50},[44,147392,147393],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,147394,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,147396,147397,147399,147401,147403],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,147398,142],{"class":141},[44,147400,123],{"class":115},[44,147402,41349],{"class":119},[44,147404,135],{"class":115},[20,147406,147407],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147409,2610,147410,147412],{},[15,147411,145870],{}," is often better:",[218,147414,147415,147418,147421],{},[221,147416,147417],{},"Shorter code",[221,147419,147420],{},"Easier to read",[221,147422,147423],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147425,147426],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[218,147428,147429,147432,147435],{},[221,147430,147431],{},"You need to skip some values",[221,147433,147434],{},"You need extra checks",[221,147436,147437],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147439,147440,147441,147444,147445,147447],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[200,147442,147443],{"href":40146},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147446,145870],{}," on the filtered result.",[30,147449,1467],{"id":1466},[20,147451,147452,147453,790],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147454,145870],{},[218,147456,147457,147463,147470,147477],{},[221,147458,147459,147460],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147461,147462],{},"sum(5)",[221,147464,147465,147466,147469],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147467,147468],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[221,147471,8556,147472,147474,147475],{},[15,147473,145870],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147476,133318],{},[221,147478,147479],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147481,9015,147482,147484],{},[15,147483,145870],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,147486,147488],{"className":37,"code":147487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147489,147490,147500,147514,147538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147491,147492,147494,147496,147498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147493,142],{"class":141},[44,147495,123],{"class":115},[44,147497,5492],{"class":119},[44,147499,135],{"class":115},[44,147501,147502,147504,147506,147508,147510,147512],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147503,142],{"class":141},[44,147505,123],{"class":115},[44,147507,1297],{"class":1296},[44,147509,123],{"class":115},[44,147511,5492],{"class":119},[44,147513,567],{"class":115},[44,147515,147516,147518,147520,147522,147524,147526,147528,147530,147532,147534,147536],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,147517,142],{"class":141},[44,147519,3108],{"class":115},[44,147521,1297],{"class":1296},[44,147523,123],{"class":115},[44,147525,2294],{"class":119},[44,147527,3784],{"class":115},[44,147529,4004],{"class":4003},[44,147531,4007],{"class":119},[44,147533,887],{"class":4003},[44,147535,4012],{"class":119},[44,147537,4015],{"class":115},[44,147539,147540,147542,147544,147546,147548,147550,147552,147554,147556,147558,147560,147562,147564],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,147541,142],{"class":141},[44,147543,123],{"class":115},[44,147545,145993],{"class":141},[44,147547,3108],{"class":115},[44,147549,2309],{"class":1296},[44,147551,123],{"class":115},[44,147553,2294],{"class":119},[44,147555,3784],{"class":115},[44,147557,4004],{"class":4003},[44,147559,4007],{"class":119},[44,147561,887],{"class":4003},[44,147563,4012],{"class":119},[44,147565,3123],{"class":115},[20,147567,135889],{},[218,147569,147570,147576,147582,147587],{},[221,147571,147572,147575],{},[15,147573,147574],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[221,147577,147578,147581],{},[15,147579,147580],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[221,147583,147584,135911],{},[15,147585,147586],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[221,147588,147589,147592],{},[15,147590,147591],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[30,147594,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,147596,5274,147598,5277],{"id":147597},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147599,145870],{},[20,147601,147602],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1474,147604,5302,147606,147608],{"id":147605},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147607,145870],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147610,30407,147611,3000,147614,147617],{},[15,147612,147613],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147615,147616],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1474,147619,5302,147621,147623],{"id":147620},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147622,145870],{}," work with floats?",[20,147625,147626],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1474,147628,147630,147631,1995],{"id":147629},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147632,145870],{},[20,147634,147635,147636,147638],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147637,36209],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1474,147640,5290,147642,119511,147644,1995],{"id":147641},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147643,145870],{},[15,147645,3129],{},[20,147647,147648],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[30,147650,2019],{"id":2018},[218,147652,147653,147657,147663,147669,147675,147679,147683],{},[221,147654,147655],{},[200,147656,146353],{"href":2540},[221,147658,147659],{},[200,147660,1013,147661,1017],{"href":36332},[15,147662,36335],{},[221,147664,147665],{},[200,147666,1013,147667,1017],{"href":42495},[15,147668,42498],{},[221,147670,147671],{},[200,147672,1013,147673,1017],{"href":1012},[15,147674,1016],{},[221,147676,147677],{},[200,147678,5354],{"href":40146},[221,147680,147681],{},[200,147682,3646],{"href":3084},[221,147684,147685],{},[200,147686,147264],{"href":135156},[2048,147688,147689],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":147691},[147692,147693,147695,147696,147697,147699,147707,147713,147720,147726,147727,147739],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":145949,"depth":69,"text":147694},"What sum() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":146127,"depth":69,"text":147698},"Using the start value",{"id":146229,"depth":69,"text":147700,"children":147701},"What sum() can work with",[147702,147703,147704,147706],{"id":40561,"depth":81,"text":40562},{"id":52176,"depth":81,"text":146295},{"id":146356,"depth":81,"text":147705},"Values from range()",{"id":146404,"depth":81,"text":146405},{"id":146478,"depth":69,"text":147708,"children":147709},"What sum() does not work with",[147710,147711,147712],{"id":146489,"depth":81,"text":146490},{"id":146606,"depth":81,"text":146607},{"id":146664,"depth":81,"text":146665},{"id":41641,"depth":69,"text":41642,"children":147714},[147715,147716,147717,147718],{"id":6661,"depth":81,"text":6662},{"id":146800,"depth":81,"text":146801},{"id":146948,"depth":81,"text":146949},{"id":147085,"depth":81,"text":147719},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":147267,"depth":69,"text":147721,"children":147722},"sum() vs manual loop",[147723,147725],{"id":147278,"depth":81,"text":147724},"Using sum()",{"id":147332,"depth":81,"text":147333},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":147728},[147729,147731,147733,147735,147737],{"id":147597,"depth":81,"text":147730},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147605,"depth":81,"text":147732},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147620,"depth":81,"text":147734},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147629,"depth":81,"text":147736},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147641,"depth":81,"text":147738},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145862,"description":147740},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147747,"title":147748,"body":147749,"description":149151,"extension":2084,"meta":149152,"navigation":84,"path":149153,"seo":149154,"stem":149155,"__hash__":149156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147750,"toc":149119},[147751,147757,147763,147766,147829,147835,147840,147844,147861,147875,147879,147899,147913,147915,148008,148010,148024,148026,148029,148118,148120,148128,148137,148139,148143,148164,148166,148258,148260,148281,148283,148287,148301,148303,148377,148379,148398,148402,148405,148428,148430,148541,148548,148556,148558,148564,148567,148610,148613,148636,148644,148648,148723,148729,148754,148761,148764,148767,148771,148776,148864,148872,148876,148879,148904,148908,148969,148973,149022,149032,149034,149039,149042,149048,149051,149055,149059,149065,149068,149076,149084,149086,149116],[10,147752,147754,147755,18],{"id":147753},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147756,57421],{},[20,147758,147759,147762],{},[15,147760,147761],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147764,147765],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,147767,147769],{"className":37,"code":147768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147770,147771,147799,147817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147772,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791,147793,147795,147797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147774,3739],{"class":50},[44,147776,55],{"class":54},[44,147778,9375],{"class":115},[44,147780,3111],{"class":77},[44,147782,129],{"class":115},[44,147784,3116],{"class":77},[44,147786,129],{"class":115},[44,147788,3116],{"class":77},[44,147790,129],{"class":115},[44,147792,2573],{"class":77},[44,147794,129],{"class":115},[44,147796,3116],{"class":77},[44,147798,135],{"class":115},[44,147800,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811,147813,147815],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147802,2351],{"class":50},[44,147804,55],{"class":54},[44,147806,4392],{"class":50},[44,147808,116],{"class":115},[44,147810,41397],{"class":119},[44,147812,123],{"class":115},[44,147814,2177],{"class":77},[44,147816,135],{"class":115},[44,147818,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,147820,142],{"class":141},[44,147822,123],{"class":115},[44,147824,2386],{"class":119},[44,147826,3784],{"class":115},[44,147828,50901],{"class":3787},[20,147830,189,147831,147834],{},[15,147832,147833],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[30,147836,3802,147838,3805],{"id":147837},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147839,147761],{},[20,147841,147842,790],{},[15,147843,147833],{},[218,147845,147846,147852,147855,147858],{},[221,147847,147848,147849,147851],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147850,379],{}," appears in the tuple",[221,147853,147854],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[221,147856,147857],{},"Returns an integer",[221,147859,147860],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147862,147863,147864,147866,147867,3000,147871,116],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147865,57421],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[200,147868,147870],{"href":147869},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[200,147872,147874],{"href":147873},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[30,147876,147878],{"id":147877},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,147880,147882],{"className":37,"code":147881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147883,147884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147885,147886,147889,147891,147893,147895,147897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147887,147888],{"class":50},"my_tuple",[44,147890,116],{"class":115},[44,147892,41397],{"class":119},[44,147894,123],{"class":115},[44,147896,379],{"class":119},[44,147898,135],{"class":115},[218,147900,147901,147905,147908],{},[221,147902,147903,57586],{},[15,147904,379],{},[221,147906,147907],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[221,147909,147910,147911],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147912,2240],{},[1474,147914,103226],{"id":103225},[35,147916,147918],{"className":37,"code":147917,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147919,147920,147960,147984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147921,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147923,13213],{"class":50},[44,147925,55],{"class":54},[44,147927,9375],{"class":115},[44,147929,112],{"class":58},[44,147931,13230],{"class":62},[44,147933,112],{"class":58},[44,147935,129],{"class":115},[44,147937,59],{"class":58},[44,147939,13247],{"class":62},[44,147941,112],{"class":58},[44,147943,129],{"class":115},[44,147945,59],{"class":58},[44,147947,13230],{"class":62},[44,147949,112],{"class":58},[44,147951,129],{"class":115},[44,147953,59],{"class":58},[44,147955,17592],{"class":62},[44,147957,112],{"class":58},[44,147959,135],{"class":115},[44,147961,147962,147964,147966,147968,147970,147972,147974,147976,147978,147980,147982],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,147963,142],{"class":141},[44,147965,123],{"class":115},[44,147967,17639],{"class":119},[44,147969,116],{"class":115},[44,147971,41397],{"class":119},[44,147973,123],{"class":115},[44,147975,112],{"class":58},[44,147977,13230],{"class":62},[44,147979,112],{"class":58},[44,147981,5495],{"class":115},[44,147983,57776],{"class":3787},[44,147985,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,147987,142],{"class":141},[44,147989,123],{"class":115},[44,147991,17639],{"class":119},[44,147993,116],{"class":115},[44,147995,41397],{"class":119},[44,147997,123],{"class":115},[44,147999,112],{"class":58},[44,148001,22659],{"class":62},[44,148003,112],{"class":58},[44,148005,5495],{"class":115},[44,148007,51377],{"class":3787},[20,148009,20094],{},[218,148011,148012,148017],{},[221,148013,148014,148016],{},[15,148015,65525],{}," appears 2 times",[221,148018,148019,148021,148022],{},[15,148020,109922],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148023,2240],{},[30,148025,11615],{"id":11614},[20,148027,148028],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,148030,148032],{"className":37,"code":148031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148033,148034,148082,148086,148108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148035,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148037,36376],{"class":50},[44,148039,55],{"class":54},[44,148041,9375],{"class":115},[44,148043,112],{"class":58},[44,148045,4207],{"class":62},[44,148047,112],{"class":58},[44,148049,129],{"class":115},[44,148051,59],{"class":58},[44,148053,4216],{"class":62},[44,148055,112],{"class":58},[44,148057,129],{"class":115},[44,148059,59],{"class":58},[44,148061,4207],{"class":62},[44,148063,112],{"class":58},[44,148065,129],{"class":115},[44,148067,59],{"class":58},[44,148069,33357],{"class":62},[44,148071,112],{"class":58},[44,148073,129],{"class":115},[44,148075,59],{"class":58},[44,148077,4207],{"class":62},[44,148079,112],{"class":58},[44,148081,135],{"class":115},[44,148083,148084],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148085,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,148087,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,148089,2351],{"class":50},[44,148091,55],{"class":54},[44,148093,52981],{"class":50},[44,148095,116],{"class":115},[44,148097,41397],{"class":119},[44,148099,123],{"class":115},[44,148101,112],{"class":58},[44,148103,4207],{"class":62},[44,148105,112],{"class":58},[44,148107,135],{"class":115},[44,148109,148110,148112,148114,148116],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,148111,142],{"class":141},[44,148113,123],{"class":115},[44,148115,2386],{"class":119},[44,148117,135],{"class":115},[20,148119,155],{},[35,148121,148122],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,148123,148124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148125,148126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148127,46748],{"class":77},[20,148129,148130,148132,148133,2518,148135,116],{},[15,148131,57964],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148134,57421],{},[15,148136,2183],{},[30,148138,38157],{"id":38156},[20,148140,57675,148141,128852],{},[15,148142,57421],{},[218,148144,148145,148150,148155,148158],{},[221,148146,11563,148147,148149],{},[15,148148,2240],{}," when the value does not exist",[221,148151,11563,148152,148154],{},[15,148153,3111],{}," when the value appears once",[221,148156,148157],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[221,148159,148160,148161,148163],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148162,7135],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148165,238],{},[35,148167,148169],{"className":37,"code":148168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148170,148171,148212,148216,148243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148172,148173,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148174,148175],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,148177,55],{"class":54},[44,148179,9375],{"class":115},[44,148181,112],{"class":58},[44,148183,8797],{"class":62},[44,148185,112],{"class":58},[44,148187,129],{"class":115},[44,148189,59],{"class":58},[44,148191,8736],{"class":62},[44,148193,112],{"class":58},[44,148195,129],{"class":115},[44,148197,59],{"class":58},[44,148199,8797],{"class":62},[44,148201,112],{"class":58},[44,148203,129],{"class":115},[44,148205,59],{"class":58},[44,148207,8797],{"class":62},[44,148209,112],{"class":58},[44,148211,135],{"class":115},[44,148213,148214],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148215,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,148217,148218,148220,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239,148241],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,148219,7135],{"class":4003},[44,148221,148222],{"class":50}," answers",[44,148224,116],{"class":115},[44,148226,41397],{"class":119},[44,148228,123],{"class":115},[44,148230,112],{"class":58},[44,148232,8797],{"class":62},[44,148234,112],{"class":58},[44,148236,3784],{"class":115},[44,148238,38533],{"class":54},[44,148240,5632],{"class":77},[44,148242,6530],{"class":115},[44,148244,148245,148247,148249,148251,148254,148256],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,148246,8206],{"class":141},[44,148248,123],{"class":115},[44,148250,112],{"class":58},[44,148252,148253],{"class":62},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,148255,112],{"class":58},[44,148257,135],{"class":115},[20,148259,155],{},[35,148261,148263],{"className":37,"code":148262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148264,148265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148266,148267,148270,148272,148274,148276,148279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148268,148269],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,148271,1338],{"class":58},[44,148273,8797],{"class":62},[44,148275,1338],{"class":58},[44,148277,148278],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,148280,186],{"class":115},[30,148282,41183],{"id":41182},[20,148284,35541,148285,104689],{},[15,148286,147761],{},[218,148288,148289,148292,148295,148298],{},[221,148290,148291],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[221,148293,148294],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[221,148296,148297],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[221,148299,148300],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148302,238],{},[35,148304,148306],{"className":37,"code":148305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148307,148308,148336,148340,148362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148309,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148311,5195],{"class":50},[44,148313,55],{"class":54},[44,148315,9375],{"class":115},[44,148317,2451],{"class":77},[44,148319,129],{"class":115},[44,148321,7928],{"class":77},[44,148323,129],{"class":115},[44,148325,6140],{"class":77},[44,148327,129],{"class":115},[44,148329,7933],{"class":77},[44,148331,129],{"class":115},[44,148333,6140],{"class":77},[44,148335,135],{"class":115},[44,148337,148338],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148339,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,148341,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358,148360],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,148343,7135],{"class":4003},[44,148345,5242],{"class":50},[44,148347,116],{"class":115},[44,148349,41397],{"class":119},[44,148351,123],{"class":115},[44,148353,2451],{"class":77},[44,148355,3784],{"class":115},[44,148357,51418],{"class":54},[44,148359,3116],{"class":77},[44,148361,6530],{"class":115},[44,148363,148364,148366,148368,148370,148373,148375],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,148365,8206],{"class":141},[44,148367,123],{"class":115},[44,148369,112],{"class":58},[44,148371,148372],{"class":62},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,148374,112],{"class":58},[44,148376,135],{"class":115},[20,148378,155],{},[35,148380,148382],{"className":37,"code":148381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148383,148384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148385,148386,148389,148391,148393,148396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148387,148388],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,148390,2451],{"class":77},[44,148392,8234],{"class":54},[44,148394,148395],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,148397,186],{"class":115},[30,148399,148401],{"id":148400},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148403,148404],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[218,148406,148407,148413,148418,148421],{},[221,148408,148409,148410,148412],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148411,57421],{}," still works because it only reads data",[221,148414,148415,148417],{},[15,148416,57421],{}," counts exact matches",[221,148419,148420],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[221,148422,148423,536,148425,148427],{},[15,148424,3111],{},[15,148426,42296],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148429,238],{},[35,148431,148433],{"className":37,"code":148432,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148434,148435,148469,148473,148493,148517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148436,148437,148439,148441,148443,148445,148447,148450,148452,148454,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148438,3948],{"class":50},[44,148440,55],{"class":54},[44,148442,9375],{"class":115},[44,148444,3111],{"class":77},[44,148446,129],{"class":115},[44,148448,148449],{"class":77}," 1.0",[44,148451,129],{"class":115},[44,148453,59],{"class":58},[44,148455,148456],{"class":62},"Cat",[44,148458,112],{"class":58},[44,148460,129],{"class":115},[44,148462,59],{"class":58},[44,148464,417],{"class":62},[44,148466,112],{"class":58},[44,148468,135],{"class":115},[44,148470,148471],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148472,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,148474,148475,148477,148479,148481,148483,148485,148487,148489,148491],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,148476,142],{"class":141},[44,148478,123],{"class":115},[44,148480,5492],{"class":119},[44,148482,116],{"class":115},[44,148484,41397],{"class":119},[44,148486,123],{"class":115},[44,148488,3111],{"class":77},[44,148490,5495],{"class":115},[44,148492,51224],{"class":3787},[44,148494,148495,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513,148515],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,148496,142],{"class":141},[44,148498,123],{"class":115},[44,148500,5492],{"class":119},[44,148502,116],{"class":115},[44,148504,41397],{"class":119},[44,148506,123],{"class":115},[44,148508,112],{"class":58},[44,148510,148456],{"class":62},[44,148512,112],{"class":58},[44,148514,5495],{"class":115},[44,148516,27915],{"class":3787},[44,148518,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537,148539],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,148520,142],{"class":141},[44,148522,123],{"class":115},[44,148524,5492],{"class":119},[44,148526,116],{"class":115},[44,148528,41397],{"class":119},[44,148530,123],{"class":115},[44,148532,112],{"class":58},[44,148534,417],{"class":62},[44,148536,112],{"class":58},[44,148538,5495],{"class":115},[44,148540,27915],{"class":3787},[20,148542,5290,148543,5293,148546,1995],{},[15,148544,148545],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148547,2177],{},[20,148549,8925,148550,4914,148553,148555],{},[15,148551,148552],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148554,3724],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[30,148557,1467],{"id":1466},[1474,148559,8556,148561,148563],{"id":148560},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148562,41397],{}," without parentheses",[20,148565,148566],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,148568,148570],{"className":37,"code":148569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148571,148572,148596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148573,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148575,3739],{"class":50},[44,148577,55],{"class":54},[44,148579,9375],{"class":115},[44,148581,3111],{"class":77},[44,148583,129],{"class":115},[44,148585,3116],{"class":77},[44,148587,129],{"class":115},[44,148589,3116],{"class":77},[44,148591,129],{"class":115},[44,148593,2573],{"class":77},[44,148595,135],{"class":115},[44,148597,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148599,142],{"class":141},[44,148601,123],{"class":115},[44,148603,3771],{"class":119},[44,148605,116],{"class":115},[44,148607,41397],{"class":685},[44,148609,135],{"class":115},[20,148611,148612],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,148614,148616],{"className":37,"code":148615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148617,148618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148619,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632,148634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148621,142],{"class":141},[44,148623,123],{"class":115},[44,148625,3771],{"class":119},[44,148627,116],{"class":115},[44,148629,41397],{"class":119},[44,148631,123],{"class":115},[44,148633,2177],{"class":77},[44,148635,567],{"class":115},[1474,148637,1707,148638,8594,148640,3000,148642],{"id":58724},[15,148639,57421],{},[15,148641,3724],{},[15,148643,3798],{},[20,148645,148646,58735],{},[15,148647,57421],{},[35,148649,148651],{"className":37,"code":148650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148652,148653,148685,148707,148711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148654,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681,148683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148656,36227],{"class":50},[44,148658,55],{"class":54},[44,148660,9375],{"class":115},[44,148662,112],{"class":58},[44,148664,200],{"class":62},[44,148666,112],{"class":58},[44,148668,129],{"class":115},[44,148670,59],{"class":58},[44,148672,4891],{"class":62},[44,148674,112],{"class":58},[44,148676,129],{"class":115},[44,148678,59],{"class":58},[44,148680,200],{"class":62},[44,148682,112],{"class":58},[44,148684,135],{"class":115},[44,148686,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703,148705],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148688,2351],{"class":50},[44,148690,55],{"class":54},[44,148692,70227],{"class":50},[44,148694,116],{"class":115},[44,148696,41397],{"class":119},[44,148698,123],{"class":115},[44,148700,112],{"class":58},[44,148702,200],{"class":62},[44,148704,112],{"class":58},[44,148706,135],{"class":115},[44,148708,148709],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,148710,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,148712,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,148714,142],{"class":141},[44,148716,123],{"class":115},[44,148718,2386],{"class":119},[44,148720,3784],{"class":115},[44,148722,51545],{"class":3787},[20,148724,148725,148726,148728],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148727,887],{}," is often simpler:",[35,148730,148732],{"className":37,"code":148731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148733,148734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148735,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750,148752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148737,142],{"class":141},[44,148739,123],{"class":115},[44,148741,112],{"class":58},[44,148743,200],{"class":62},[44,148745,112],{"class":58},[44,148747,21311],{"class":4003},[44,148749,70227],{"class":119},[44,148751,3784],{"class":115},[44,148753,3788],{"class":3787},[1474,148755,37341,148757,8844,148759],{"id":148756},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148758,147761],{},[15,148760,57426],{},[20,148762,148763],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148765,148766],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1474,148768,148770],{"id":148769},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148772,148773,148775],{},[15,148774,57421],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,148777,148779],{"className":37,"code":148778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148780,148781,148814,148840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148782,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148799,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810,148812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148784,4198],{"class":50},[44,148786,55],{"class":54},[44,148788,9375],{"class":115},[44,148790,112],{"class":58},[44,148792,4207],{"class":62},[44,148794,112],{"class":58},[44,148796,129],{"class":115},[44,148798,59],{"class":58},[44,148800,148801],{"class":62},"pineapple",[44,148803,112],{"class":58},[44,148805,129],{"class":115},[44,148807,59],{"class":58},[44,148809,4207],{"class":62},[44,148811,112],{"class":58},[44,148813,135],{"class":115},[44,148815,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148833,148835,148837],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148817,142],{"class":141},[44,148819,123],{"class":115},[44,148821,4242],{"class":119},[44,148823,116],{"class":115},[44,148825,41397],{"class":119},[44,148827,123],{"class":115},[44,148829,112],{"class":58},[44,148831,148832],{"class":62},"app",[44,148834,112],{"class":58},[44,148836,5495],{"class":115},[44,148838,148839],{"class":3787},"    # 0\n",[44,148841,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860,148862],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,148843,142],{"class":141},[44,148845,123],{"class":115},[44,148847,4242],{"class":119},[44,148849,116],{"class":115},[44,148851,41397],{"class":119},[44,148853,123],{"class":115},[44,148855,112],{"class":58},[44,148857,4207],{"class":62},[44,148859,112],{"class":58},[44,148861,5495],{"class":115},[44,148863,51545],{"class":3787},[20,148865,148866,148869,148870,116],{},[15,148867,148868],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148871,2240],{},[30,148873,148875],{"id":148874},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148877,148878],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[218,148880,148881,148886,148895,148901],{},[221,148882,189,148883,148885],{},[15,148884,887],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[221,148887,189,148888,148894],{},[200,148889,148891,148892],{"href":148890},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148893,59099],{}," to find the position of a value",[221,148896,189,148897,148900],{},[15,148898,148899],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[221,148902,148903],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148905,1361,148906,790],{},[15,148907,887],{},[35,148909,148911],{"className":37,"code":148910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148912,148913,148933,148937,148953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148914,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927,148929,148931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148916,3739],{"class":50},[44,148918,55],{"class":54},[44,148920,9375],{"class":115},[44,148922,2626],{"class":77},[44,148924,129],{"class":115},[44,148926,6129],{"class":77},[44,148928,129],{"class":115},[44,148930,54266],{"class":77},[44,148932,135],{"class":115},[44,148934,148935],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,148936,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,148938,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,148940,142],{"class":141},[44,148942,123],{"class":115},[44,148944,2145],{"class":77},[44,148946,21311],{"class":4003},[44,148948,4392],{"class":119},[44,148950,3784],{"class":115},[44,148952,43989],{"class":3787},[44,148954,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,148956,142],{"class":141},[44,148958,123],{"class":115},[44,148960,2257],{"class":77},[44,148962,21311],{"class":4003},[44,148964,4392],{"class":119},[44,148966,3784],{"class":115},[44,148968,44006],{"class":3787},[20,148970,1361,148971,790],{},[15,148972,59099],{},[35,148974,148976],{"className":37,"code":148975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148977,148978,149002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148979,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998,149000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148981,3739],{"class":50},[44,148983,55],{"class":54},[44,148985,9375],{"class":115},[44,148987,2626],{"class":77},[44,148989,129],{"class":115},[44,148991,6129],{"class":77},[44,148993,129],{"class":115},[44,148995,54266],{"class":77},[44,148997,129],{"class":115},[44,148999,6129],{"class":77},[44,149001,135],{"class":115},[44,149003,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018,149020],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149005,142],{"class":141},[44,149007,123],{"class":115},[44,149009,3771],{"class":119},[44,149011,116],{"class":115},[44,149013,35982],{"class":119},[44,149015,123],{"class":115},[44,149017,2145],{"class":77},[44,149019,5495],{"class":115},[44,149021,27915],{"class":3787},[20,149023,149024,149026,149027,149029,149031],{},[15,149025,57421],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9984,149028],{},[15,149030,59099],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[30,149033,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,149035,5274,149037,5277],{"id":149036},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149038,147761],{},[20,149040,149041],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1474,149043,12844,149045,149047],{"id":149044},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149046,147761],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149049,149050],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1474,149052,149054],{"id":149053},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149056,12051,149057,116],{},[15,149058,2240],{},[1474,149060,5302,149062,149064],{"id":149061},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149063,147761],{}," count strings?",[20,149066,149067],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1474,149069,5312,149071,536,149073,1995],{"id":149070},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149072,147761],{},[15,149074,149075],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149077,149078,149080,149081,149083],{},[15,149079,57421],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149082,59099],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[30,149085,2019],{"id":2018},[218,149087,149088,149092,149097,149104,149112],{},[221,149089,149090],{},[200,149091,147870],{"href":147869},[221,149093,149094],{},[200,149095,149096],{"href":147873},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[221,149098,149099],{},[200,149100,149101,149102,10880],{"href":148890},"Python tuple ",[15,149103,59099],{},[221,149105,149106],{},[200,149107,149109,149110],{"href":149108},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149111,42498],{},[221,149113,149114],{},[200,149115,59087],{"href":59086},[2048,149117,149118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":149120},[149121,149123,149126,149127,149128,149129,149130,149138,149139,149150],{"id":147837,"depth":69,"text":149122},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147877,"depth":69,"text":147878,"children":149124},[149125],{"id":103225,"depth":81,"text":103226},{"id":11614,"depth":69,"text":11615},{"id":38156,"depth":69,"text":38157},{"id":41182,"depth":69,"text":41183},{"id":148400,"depth":69,"text":148401},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":149131},[149132,149134,149135,149137],{"id":148560,"depth":81,"text":149133},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58724,"depth":81,"text":59140},{"id":148756,"depth":81,"text":149136},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148769,"depth":81,"text":148770},{"id":148874,"depth":69,"text":148875},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":149140},[149141,149143,149145,149146,149148],{"id":149036,"depth":81,"text":149142},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149044,"depth":81,"text":149144},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149053,"depth":81,"text":149054},{"id":149061,"depth":81,"text":149147},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149070,"depth":81,"text":149149},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147748,"description":149151},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149158,"title":149159,"body":149160,"description":150847,"extension":2084,"meta":150848,"navigation":84,"path":150849,"seo":150850,"stem":150851,"__hash__":150852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149161,"toc":150810},[149162,149165,149168,149177,149179,149309,149311,149372,149378,149380,149400,149404,149407,149410,149445,149447,149468,149471,149510,149512,149537,149544,149548,149551,149588,149590,149613,149616,149619,149631,149637,149641,149644,149650,149691,149693,149716,149719,149760,149762,149789,149791,149808,149810,149827,149830,149834,149837,149839,149873,149875,149922,149926,149965,149969,149972,150029,150031,150072,150078,150084,150089,150091,150128,150130,150150,150152,150185,150187,150220,150223,150227,150260,150262,150287,150290,150292,150306,150313,150315,150318,150322,150325,150360,150363,150398,150402,150405,150444,150447,150486,150490,150492,150522,150525,150532,150534,150566,150569,150601,150604,150635,150637,150654,150658,150661,150725,150727,150731,150738,150742,150745,150749,150752,150756,150759,150764,150770,150772,150807],[10,149163,149159],{"id":149164},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149166,149167],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149169,149170,149171,3000,149175,116],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[200,149172,149174],{"href":149173},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[200,149176,147870],{"href":147869},[30,149178,33],{"id":32},[35,149180,149182],{"className":37,"code":149181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149183,149184,149204,149213,149227,149263,149267,149277,149287,149298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149185,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196,149198,149200,149202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149187,3739],{"class":50},[44,149189,55],{"class":54},[44,149191,9375],{"class":115},[44,149193,3111],{"class":77},[44,149195,129],{"class":115},[44,149197,3116],{"class":77},[44,149199,129],{"class":115},[44,149201,2573],{"class":77},[44,149203,135],{"class":115},[44,149205,149206,149208,149210],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149207,124966],{"class":50},[44,149209,55],{"class":54},[44,149211,149212],{"class":115}," ()\n",[44,149214,149215,149218,149220,149222,149224],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,149216,149217],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,149219,55],{"class":54},[44,149221,9375],{"class":115},[44,149223,2257],{"class":77},[44,149225,149226],{"class":115},",)\n",[44,149228,149229,149232,149234,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257,149259,149261],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,149230,149231],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,149233,55],{"class":54},[44,149235,149236],{"class":1296}," tuple",[44,149238,3108],{"class":115},[44,149240,112],{"class":58},[44,149242,200],{"class":62},[44,149244,112],{"class":58},[44,149246,129],{"class":115},[44,149248,59],{"class":58},[44,149250,4891],{"class":62},[44,149252,112],{"class":58},[44,149254,129],{"class":115},[44,149256,59],{"class":58},[44,149258,9878],{"class":62},[44,149260,112],{"class":58},[44,149262,4015],{"class":115},[44,149264,149265],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,149266,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,149268,149269,149271,149273,149275],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,149270,142],{"class":141},[44,149272,123],{"class":115},[44,149274,3771],{"class":119},[44,149276,135],{"class":115},[44,149278,149279,149281,149283,149285],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,149280,142],{"class":141},[44,149282,123],{"class":115},[44,149284,125017],{"class":119},[44,149286,135],{"class":115},[44,149288,149289,149291,149293,149296],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,149290,142],{"class":141},[44,149292,123],{"class":115},[44,149294,149295],{"class":119},"one_item",[44,149297,135],{"class":115},[44,149299,149300,149302,149304,149307],{"class":46,"line":6569},[44,149301,142],{"class":141},[44,149303,123],{"class":115},[44,149305,149306],{"class":119},"from_list",[44,149308,135],{"class":115},[20,149310,155],{},[35,149312,149314],{"className":37,"code":149313,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149315,149316,149332,149336,149344],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149317,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328,149330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149319,123],{"class":115},[44,149321,3111],{"class":77},[44,149323,129],{"class":115},[44,149325,3116],{"class":77},[44,149327,129],{"class":115},[44,149329,2573],{"class":77},[44,149331,135],{"class":115},[44,149333,149334],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149335,8782],{"class":115},[44,149337,149338,149340,149342],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,149339,123],{"class":115},[44,149341,2257],{"class":77},[44,149343,149226],{"class":115},[44,149345,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364,149366,149368,149370],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,149347,123],{"class":115},[44,149349,1338],{"class":58},[44,149351,200],{"class":62},[44,149353,1338],{"class":58},[44,149355,129],{"class":115},[44,149357,1332],{"class":58},[44,149359,4891],{"class":62},[44,149361,1338],{"class":58},[44,149363,129],{"class":115},[44,149365,1332],{"class":58},[44,149367,9878],{"class":62},[44,149369,1338],{"class":58},[44,149371,135],{"class":115},[20,149373,149374,149375,116],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149376,149377],{},"(5,)",[30,149379,15300],{"id":15299},[218,149381,149382,149385,149388,149391,149394,149397],{},[221,149383,149384],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[221,149386,149387],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[221,149389,149390],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[221,149392,149393],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[221,149395,149396],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[221,149398,149399],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[30,149401,149403],{"id":149402},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149405,149406],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149408,149409],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,149411,149413],{"className":37,"code":149412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149414,149415,149435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149416,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431,149433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149418,3739],{"class":50},[44,149420,55],{"class":54},[44,149422,9375],{"class":115},[44,149424,3111],{"class":77},[44,149426,129],{"class":115},[44,149428,3116],{"class":77},[44,149430,129],{"class":115},[44,149432,2573],{"class":77},[44,149434,135],{"class":115},[44,149436,149437,149439,149441,149443],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149438,142],{"class":141},[44,149440,123],{"class":115},[44,149442,3771],{"class":119},[44,149444,135],{"class":115},[20,149446,155],{},[35,149448,149450],{"className":37,"code":149449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149451,149452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149453,149454,149456,149458,149460,149462,149464,149466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149455,123],{"class":115},[44,149457,3111],{"class":77},[44,149459,129],{"class":115},[44,149461,3116],{"class":77},[44,149463,129],{"class":115},[44,149465,2573],{"class":77},[44,149467,135],{"class":115},[20,149469,149470],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,149472,149474],{"className":37,"code":149473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149475,149476,149500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149477,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496,149498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149479,9306],{"class":50},[44,149481,55],{"class":54},[44,149483,9375],{"class":115},[44,149485,3111],{"class":77},[44,149487,129],{"class":115},[44,149489,59],{"class":58},[44,149491,4207],{"class":62},[44,149493,112],{"class":58},[44,149495,129],{"class":115},[44,149497,4043],{"class":3978},[44,149499,135],{"class":115},[44,149501,149502,149504,149506,149508],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149503,142],{"class":141},[44,149505,123],{"class":115},[44,149507,9343],{"class":119},[44,149509,135],{"class":115},[20,149511,155],{},[35,149513,149515],{"className":37,"code":149514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149516,149517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149518,149519,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533,149535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149520,123],{"class":115},[44,149522,3111],{"class":77},[44,149524,129],{"class":115},[44,149526,1332],{"class":58},[44,149528,4207],{"class":62},[44,149530,1338],{"class":58},[44,149532,129],{"class":115},[44,149534,4043],{"class":3978},[44,149536,135],{"class":115},[20,149538,149539,149540,116],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[200,149541,149543],{"href":149542},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[30,149545,149547],{"id":149546},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149549,149550],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,149552,149554],{"className":37,"code":149553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149555,149556,149564,149574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149557,149558,149560,149562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149559,124966],{"class":50},[44,149561,55],{"class":54},[44,149563,149212],{"class":115},[44,149565,149566,149568,149570,149572],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149567,142],{"class":141},[44,149569,123],{"class":115},[44,149571,125017],{"class":119},[44,149573,135],{"class":115},[44,149575,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584,149586],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,149577,142],{"class":141},[44,149579,123],{"class":115},[44,149581,1297],{"class":1296},[44,149583,123],{"class":115},[44,149585,125017],{"class":119},[44,149587,567],{"class":115},[20,149589,155],{},[35,149591,149593],{"className":37,"code":149592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149594,149595,149599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149596,149597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149598,8782],{"class":115},[44,149600,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149602,1326],{"class":54},[44,149604,1329],{"class":1075},[44,149606,1332],{"class":58},[44,149608,49084],{"class":62},[44,149610,1338],{"class":58},[44,149612,1341],{"class":54},[20,149614,149615],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149617,149618],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[218,149620,149621,149626],{},[221,149622,149623,149624],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149625,7504],{},[221,149627,149628,149629],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149630,3913],{},[20,149632,149633,149634,116],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[200,149635,149636],{"href":57284},"Python list: creating a list",[30,149638,149640],{"id":149639},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149642,149643],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149645,149646,149647,149649],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[153,149648,4761],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,149651,149653],{"className":37,"code":149652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149654,149655,149667,149677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149656,149657,149659,149661,149663,149665],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149658,2568],{"class":50},[44,149660,55],{"class":54},[44,149662,9375],{"class":115},[44,149664,2257],{"class":77},[44,149666,135],{"class":115},[44,149668,149669,149671,149673,149675],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149670,142],{"class":141},[44,149672,123],{"class":115},[44,149674,379],{"class":119},[44,149676,135],{"class":115},[44,149678,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687,149689],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,149680,142],{"class":141},[44,149682,123],{"class":115},[44,149684,1297],{"class":1296},[44,149686,123],{"class":115},[44,149688,379],{"class":119},[44,149690,567],{"class":115},[20,149692,155],{},[35,149694,149696],{"className":37,"code":149695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149697,149698,149702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149699,149700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149701,3069],{"class":77},[44,149703,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149705,1326],{"class":54},[44,149707,1329],{"class":1075},[44,149709,1332],{"class":58},[44,149711,2309],{"class":62},[44,149713,1338],{"class":58},[44,149715,1341],{"class":54},[20,149717,149718],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,149720,149722],{"className":37,"code":149721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149723,149724,149736,149746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149725,149726,149728,149730,149732,149734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149727,149217],{"class":50},[44,149729,55],{"class":54},[44,149731,9375],{"class":115},[44,149733,2257],{"class":77},[44,149735,149226],{"class":115},[44,149737,149738,149740,149742,149744],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149739,142],{"class":141},[44,149741,123],{"class":115},[44,149743,149295],{"class":119},[44,149745,135],{"class":115},[44,149747,149748,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,149749,142],{"class":141},[44,149751,123],{"class":115},[44,149753,1297],{"class":1296},[44,149755,123],{"class":115},[44,149757,149295],{"class":119},[44,149759,567],{"class":115},[20,149761,155],{},[35,149763,149765],{"className":37,"code":149764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149766,149767,149775],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149768,149769,149771,149773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149770,123],{"class":115},[44,149772,2257],{"class":77},[44,149774,149226],{"class":115},[44,149776,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149778,1326],{"class":54},[44,149780,1329],{"class":1075},[44,149782,1332],{"class":58},[44,149784,49084],{"class":62},[44,149786,1338],{"class":58},[44,149788,1341],{"class":54},[20,149790,16793],{},[35,149792,149794],{"className":37,"code":149793,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149795,149796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149797,149798,149800,149802,149804,149806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149799,123],{"class":115},[44,149801,112],{"class":58},[44,149803,4207],{"class":62},[44,149805,112],{"class":58},[44,149807,149226],{"class":115},[20,149809,16781],{},[35,149811,149813],{"className":37,"code":149812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149814,149815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149816,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149818,123],{"class":115},[44,149820,112],{"class":58},[44,149822,4207],{"class":62},[44,149824,112],{"class":58},[44,149826,135],{"class":115},[20,149828,149829],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[30,149831,149833],{"id":149832},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149835,149836],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1474,149838,56592],{"id":3771},[35,149840,149841],{"className":37,"code":149412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149842,149843,149863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149844,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149846,3739],{"class":50},[44,149848,55],{"class":54},[44,149850,9375],{"class":115},[44,149852,3111],{"class":77},[44,149854,129],{"class":115},[44,149856,3116],{"class":77},[44,149858,129],{"class":115},[44,149860,2573],{"class":77},[44,149862,135],{"class":115},[44,149864,149865,149867,149869,149871],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149866,142],{"class":141},[44,149868,123],{"class":115},[44,149870,3771],{"class":119},[44,149872,135],{"class":115},[1474,149874,56595],{"id":5442},[35,149876,149878],{"className":37,"code":149877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149879,149880,149912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149881,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149883,13213],{"class":50},[44,149885,55],{"class":54},[44,149887,9375],{"class":115},[44,149889,112],{"class":58},[44,149891,13230],{"class":62},[44,149893,112],{"class":58},[44,149895,129],{"class":115},[44,149897,59],{"class":58},[44,149899,17592],{"class":62},[44,149901,112],{"class":58},[44,149903,129],{"class":115},[44,149905,59],{"class":58},[44,149907,13247],{"class":62},[44,149909,112],{"class":58},[44,149911,135],{"class":115},[44,149913,149914,149916,149918,149920],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149915,142],{"class":141},[44,149917,123],{"class":115},[44,149919,17639],{"class":119},[44,149921,135],{"class":115},[1474,149923,149925],{"id":149924},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,149927,149929],{"className":37,"code":149928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149930,149931,149955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149932,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149934,59604],{"class":50},[44,149936,55],{"class":54},[44,149938,9375],{"class":115},[44,149940,3111],{"class":77},[44,149942,129],{"class":115},[44,149944,59],{"class":58},[44,149946,4207],{"class":62},[44,149948,112],{"class":58},[44,149950,129],{"class":115},[44,149952,4043],{"class":3978},[44,149954,135],{"class":115},[44,149956,149957,149959,149961,149963],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,149958,142],{"class":141},[44,149960,123],{"class":115},[44,149962,59657],{"class":119},[44,149964,135],{"class":115},[1474,149966,149968],{"id":149967},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149970,149971],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,149973,149975],{"className":37,"code":149974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149976,149977,150018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149978,149979,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010,150012,150014,150016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149980,149981],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,149983,55],{"class":54},[44,149985,9375],{"class":115},[44,149987,3111],{"class":77},[44,149989,129],{"class":115},[44,149991,9375],{"class":115},[44,149993,112],{"class":58},[44,149995,200],{"class":62},[44,149997,112],{"class":58},[44,149999,129],{"class":115},[44,150001,59],{"class":58},[44,150003,4891],{"class":62},[44,150005,112],{"class":58},[44,150007,9372],{"class":115},[44,150009,3744],{"class":115},[44,150011,2451],{"class":77},[44,150013,129],{"class":115},[44,150015,7928],{"class":77},[44,150017,4015],{"class":115},[44,150019,150020,150022,150024,150027],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150021,142],{"class":141},[44,150023,123],{"class":115},[44,150025,150026],{"class":119},"nested",[44,150028,135],{"class":115},[20,150030,155],{},[35,150032,150034],{"className":37,"code":150033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150035,150036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150037,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068,150070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150039,123],{"class":115},[44,150041,3111],{"class":77},[44,150043,129],{"class":115},[44,150045,9375],{"class":115},[44,150047,1338],{"class":58},[44,150049,200],{"class":62},[44,150051,1338],{"class":58},[44,150053,129],{"class":115},[44,150055,1332],{"class":58},[44,150057,4891],{"class":62},[44,150059,1338],{"class":58},[44,150061,9372],{"class":115},[44,150063,3744],{"class":115},[44,150065,2451],{"class":77},[44,150067,129],{"class":115},[44,150069,7928],{"class":77},[44,150071,4015],{"class":115},[30,150073,150075,150076],{"id":150074},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150077,38183],{},[20,150079,150080,150081,150083],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150082,38183],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150085,150086,150087,116],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[200,150088,63350],{"href":63349},[1474,150090,105366],{"id":105365},[35,150092,150094],{"className":37,"code":150093,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150095,150096,150118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150097,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150099,3739],{"class":50},[44,150101,55],{"class":54},[44,150103,149236],{"class":1296},[44,150105,3108],{"class":115},[44,150107,3111],{"class":77},[44,150109,129],{"class":115},[44,150111,3116],{"class":77},[44,150113,129],{"class":115},[44,150115,2573],{"class":77},[44,150117,4015],{"class":115},[44,150119,150120,150122,150124,150126],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150121,142],{"class":141},[44,150123,123],{"class":115},[44,150125,3771],{"class":119},[44,150127,135],{"class":115},[20,150129,155],{},[35,150131,150132],{"className":37,"code":149449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150133,150134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150135,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146,150148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150137,123],{"class":115},[44,150139,3111],{"class":77},[44,150141,129],{"class":115},[44,150143,3116],{"class":77},[44,150145,129],{"class":115},[44,150147,2573],{"class":77},[44,150149,135],{"class":115},[1474,150151,105552],{"id":105551},[35,150153,150155],{"className":37,"code":150154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150156,150157,150175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150158,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171,150173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150160,36227],{"class":50},[44,150162,55],{"class":54},[44,150164,149236],{"class":1296},[44,150166,123],{"class":115},[44,150168,112],{"class":58},[44,150170,41698],{"class":62},[44,150172,112],{"class":58},[44,150174,135],{"class":115},[44,150176,150177,150179,150181,150183],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150178,142],{"class":141},[44,150180,123],{"class":115},[44,150182,36280],{"class":119},[44,150184,135],{"class":115},[20,150186,155],{},[35,150188,150190],{"className":37,"code":150189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150191,150192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150193,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216,150218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150195,123],{"class":115},[44,150197,1338],{"class":58},[44,150199,200],{"class":62},[44,150201,1338],{"class":58},[44,150203,129],{"class":115},[44,150205,1332],{"class":58},[44,150207,4891],{"class":62},[44,150209,1338],{"class":58},[44,150211,129],{"class":115},[44,150213,1332],{"class":58},[44,150215,9878],{"class":62},[44,150217,1338],{"class":58},[44,150219,135],{"class":115},[20,150221,150222],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1474,150224,150226],{"id":150225},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,150228,150230],{"className":37,"code":150229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150231,150232,150250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150233,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150235,3948],{"class":50},[44,150237,55],{"class":54},[44,150239,149236],{"class":1296},[44,150241,123],{"class":115},[44,150243,60130],{"class":141},[44,150245,123],{"class":115},[44,150247,2626],{"class":77},[44,150249,567],{"class":115},[44,150251,150252,150254,150256,150258],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150253,142],{"class":141},[44,150255,123],{"class":115},[44,150257,5492],{"class":119},[44,150259,135],{"class":115},[20,150261,155],{},[35,150263,150265],{"className":37,"code":150264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150266,150267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150268,150269,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150270,123],{"class":115},[44,150272,2240],{"class":77},[44,150274,129],{"class":115},[44,150276,5632],{"class":77},[44,150278,129],{"class":115},[44,150280,3116],{"class":77},[44,150282,129],{"class":115},[44,150284,2573],{"class":77},[44,150286,135],{"class":115},[20,150288,150289],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[30,150291,20938],{"id":20937},[218,150293,150294,150297,150300,150303],{},[221,150295,150296],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[221,150298,150299],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[221,150301,150302],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[221,150304,150305],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150307,150308,150309,116],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[200,150310,150312],{"href":150311},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[30,150314,1467],{"id":1466},[20,150316,150317],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1474,150319,150321],{"id":150320},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150323,150324],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,150326,150328],{"className":37,"code":150327,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150329,150330,150346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150331,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342,150344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150333,28674],{"class":50},[44,150335,55],{"class":54},[44,150337,9375],{"class":115},[44,150339,112],{"class":58},[44,150341,4207],{"class":62},[44,150343,112],{"class":58},[44,150345,135],{"class":115},[44,150347,150348,150350,150352,150354,150356,150358],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150349,142],{"class":141},[44,150351,123],{"class":115},[44,150353,1297],{"class":1296},[44,150355,123],{"class":115},[44,150357,23446],{"class":119},[44,150359,567],{"class":115},[20,150361,150362],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,150364,150366],{"className":37,"code":150365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150367,150368,150384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150369,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380,150382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150371,28674],{"class":50},[44,150373,55],{"class":54},[44,150375,9375],{"class":115},[44,150377,112],{"class":58},[44,150379,4207],{"class":62},[44,150381,112],{"class":58},[44,150383,149226],{"class":115},[44,150385,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150387,142],{"class":141},[44,150389,123],{"class":115},[44,150391,1297],{"class":1296},[44,150393,123],{"class":115},[44,150395,23446],{"class":119},[44,150397,567],{"class":115},[1474,150399,150401],{"id":150400},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150403,150404],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,150406,150408],{"className":37,"code":150407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150409,150410,150430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150411,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426,150428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150413,3948],{"class":50},[44,150415,55],{"class":54},[44,150417,3744],{"class":115},[44,150419,3111],{"class":77},[44,150421,129],{"class":115},[44,150423,3116],{"class":77},[44,150425,129],{"class":115},[44,150427,2573],{"class":77},[44,150429,3757],{"class":115},[44,150431,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440,150442],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150433,142],{"class":141},[44,150435,123],{"class":115},[44,150437,1297],{"class":1296},[44,150439,123],{"class":115},[44,150441,5492],{"class":119},[44,150443,567],{"class":115},[20,150445,150446],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,150448,150450],{"className":37,"code":150449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150451,150452,150472],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150453,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468,150470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150455,3948],{"class":50},[44,150457,55],{"class":54},[44,150459,9375],{"class":115},[44,150461,3111],{"class":77},[44,150463,129],{"class":115},[44,150465,3116],{"class":77},[44,150467,129],{"class":115},[44,150469,2573],{"class":77},[44,150471,135],{"class":115},[44,150473,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482,150484],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150475,142],{"class":141},[44,150477,123],{"class":115},[44,150479,1297],{"class":1296},[44,150481,123],{"class":115},[44,150483,5492],{"class":119},[44,150485,567],{"class":115},[1474,150487,150489],{"id":150488},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150491,150302],{},[35,150493,150495],{"className":37,"code":150494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150496,150497,150517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150498,150499,150501,150503,150505,150507,150509,150511,150513,150515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150500,3739],{"class":50},[44,150502,55],{"class":54},[44,150504,9375],{"class":115},[44,150506,3111],{"class":77},[44,150508,129],{"class":115},[44,150510,3116],{"class":77},[44,150512,129],{"class":115},[44,150514,2573],{"class":77},[44,150516,135],{"class":115},[44,150518,150519],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150520,150521],{"class":3787},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150523,150524],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1474,150526,37341,150528,150531],{"id":150527},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150529,150530],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150533,64776],{},[35,150535,150536],{"className":37,"code":150154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150537,150538,150556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150539,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552,150554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150541,36227],{"class":50},[44,150543,55],{"class":54},[44,150545,149236],{"class":1296},[44,150547,123],{"class":115},[44,150549,112],{"class":58},[44,150551,41698],{"class":62},[44,150553,112],{"class":58},[44,150555,135],{"class":115},[44,150557,150558,150560,150562,150564],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150559,142],{"class":141},[44,150561,123],{"class":115},[44,150563,36280],{"class":119},[44,150565,135],{"class":115},[20,150567,150568],{},"gives:",[35,150570,150571],{"className":37,"code":150189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150572,150573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150574,150575,150577,150579,150581,150583,150585,150587,150589,150591,150593,150595,150597,150599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150576,123],{"class":115},[44,150578,1338],{"class":58},[44,150580,200],{"class":62},[44,150582,1338],{"class":58},[44,150584,129],{"class":115},[44,150586,1332],{"class":58},[44,150588,4891],{"class":62},[44,150590,1338],{"class":58},[44,150592,129],{"class":115},[44,150594,1332],{"class":58},[44,150596,9878],{"class":62},[44,150598,1338],{"class":58},[44,150600,135],{"class":115},[20,150602,150603],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,150605,150607],{"className":37,"code":150606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150608,150609,150625],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150610,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621,150623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150612,6290],{"class":50},[44,150614,55],{"class":54},[44,150616,9375],{"class":115},[44,150618,112],{"class":58},[44,150620,41698],{"class":62},[44,150622,112],{"class":58},[44,150624,149226],{"class":115},[44,150626,150627,150629,150631,150633],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150628,142],{"class":141},[44,150630,123],{"class":115},[44,150632,38528],{"class":119},[44,150634,135],{"class":115},[20,150636,155],{},[35,150638,150640],{"className":37,"code":150639,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,150641,150642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150643,150644,150646,150648,150650,150652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150645,123],{"class":115},[44,150647,1338],{"class":58},[44,150649,41698],{"class":62},[44,150651,1338],{"class":58},[44,150653,149226],{"class":115},[1474,150655,150657],{"id":150656},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150659,150660],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,150662,150664],{"className":37,"code":150663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150665,150666,150683,150687,150697,150711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150667,150668,150671,150673,150675,150677,150679,150681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150669,150670],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,150672,55],{"class":54},[44,150674,9375],{"class":115},[44,150676,112],{"class":58},[44,150678,4207],{"class":62},[44,150680,112],{"class":58},[44,150682,149226],{"class":115},[44,150684,150685],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150686,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,150688,150689,150691,150693,150695],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,150690,142],{"class":141},[44,150692,123],{"class":115},[44,150694,147888],{"class":119},[44,150696,135],{"class":115},[44,150698,150699,150701,150703,150705,150707,150709],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,150700,142],{"class":141},[44,150702,123],{"class":115},[44,150704,1297],{"class":1296},[44,150706,123],{"class":115},[44,150708,147888],{"class":119},[44,150710,567],{"class":115},[44,150712,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721,150723],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,150714,142],{"class":141},[44,150716,123],{"class":115},[44,150718,11302],{"class":141},[44,150720,123],{"class":115},[44,150722,147888],{"class":119},[44,150724,567],{"class":115},[30,150726,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,150728,150730],{"id":150729},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150732,150733,150734,150737],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150735,150736],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1474,150739,150741],{"id":150740},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150743,150744],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1474,150746,150748],{"id":150747},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150750,150751],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1474,150753,150755],{"id":150754},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150757,150758],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1474,150760,5274,150762,1975],{"id":150761},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150763,150530],{},[20,150765,5280,150766,150769],{},[15,150767,150768],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[30,150771,2019],{"id":2018},[218,150773,150774,150778,150782,150788,150793,150798,150802],{},[221,150775,150776],{},[200,150777,147870],{"href":147869},[221,150779,150780],{},[200,150781,149543],{"href":149542},[221,150783,150784],{},[200,150785,150787],{"href":150786},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[221,150789,150790],{},[200,150791,150792],{"href":149108},"Python tuple length with len()",[221,150794,150795],{},[200,150796,150797],{"href":149173},"What is a tuple in Python?",[221,150799,150800],{},[200,150801,63350],{"href":63349},[221,150803,150804],{},[200,150805,150806],{"href":150311},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2048,150808,150809],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":150811},[150812,150813,150814,150815,150816,150817,150823,150829,150830,150838,150846],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":15299,"depth":69,"text":15300},{"id":149402,"depth":69,"text":149403},{"id":149546,"depth":69,"text":149547},{"id":149639,"depth":69,"text":149640},{"id":149832,"depth":69,"text":149833,"children":150818},[150819,150820,150821,150822],{"id":3771,"depth":81,"text":56592},{"id":5442,"depth":81,"text":56595},{"id":149924,"depth":81,"text":149925},{"id":149967,"depth":81,"text":149968},{"id":150074,"depth":69,"text":150824,"children":150825},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150826,150827,150828],{"id":105365,"depth":81,"text":105366},{"id":105551,"depth":81,"text":105552},{"id":150225,"depth":81,"text":150226},{"id":20937,"depth":69,"text":20938},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":150831},[150832,150833,150834,150835,150837],{"id":150320,"depth":81,"text":150321},{"id":150400,"depth":81,"text":150401},{"id":150488,"depth":81,"text":150489},{"id":150527,"depth":81,"text":150836},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150656,"depth":81,"text":150657},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":150839},[150840,150841,150842,150843,150844],{"id":150729,"depth":81,"text":150730},{"id":150740,"depth":81,"text":150741},{"id":150747,"depth":81,"text":150748},{"id":150754,"depth":81,"text":150755},{"id":150761,"depth":81,"text":150845},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149159,"description":150847},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150854,"title":150855,"body":150856,"description":152401,"extension":2084,"meta":152402,"navigation":84,"path":152403,"seo":152404,"stem":152405,"__hash__":152406},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150857,"toc":152371},[150858,150861,150866,150868,150881,150887,150889,150956,150958,150993,150998,151002,151006,151008,151019,151027,151029,151031,151052,151054,151074,151077,151079,151084,151127,151129,151151,151154,151167,151171,151175,151178,151231,151233,151254,151259,151263,151266,151311,151313,151346,151358,151362,151370,151407,151409,151438,151442,151445,151498,151500,151520,151527,151531,151536,151605,151607,151632,151636,151639,151645,151722,151724,151783,151785,151797,151802,151806,151810,151824,151826,151861,151863,151880,151883,151896,151900,151904,151915,151920,151935,151938,151941,151943,151946,151950,151952,151966,151968,151992,151997,152001,152004,152023,152026,152075,152080,152097,152100,152133,152137,152139,152190,152193,152218,152221,152244,152248,152254,152256,152291,152294,152299,152301,152305,152308,152312,152317,152321,152324,152328,152331,152335,152340,152342,152368],[10,150859,150855],{"id":150860},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150862,9263,150863,150865],{},[15,150864,38183],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150867,82719],{},[218,150869,150870,150875],{},[221,150871,150872,150874],{},[15,150873,38183],{}," creates an empty tuple",[221,150876,150877,150880],{},[15,150878,150879],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150882,150883,150884,150886],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150885,38183],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[30,150888,33],{"id":32},[35,150890,150892],{"className":37,"code":150891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150893,150894,150914,150928,150932,150942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150895,150896,150898,150900,150902,150904,150906,150908,150910,150912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150897,3739],{"class":50},[44,150899,55],{"class":54},[44,150901,3744],{"class":115},[44,150903,3111],{"class":77},[44,150905,129],{"class":115},[44,150907,3116],{"class":77},[44,150909,129],{"class":115},[44,150911,2573],{"class":77},[44,150913,3757],{"class":115},[44,150915,150916,150918,150920,150922,150924,150926],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150917,2351],{"class":50},[44,150919,55],{"class":54},[44,150921,149236],{"class":1296},[44,150923,123],{"class":115},[44,150925,3771],{"class":119},[44,150927,135],{"class":115},[44,150929,150930],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,150931,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,150933,150934,150936,150938,150940],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,150935,142],{"class":141},[44,150937,123],{"class":115},[44,150939,2386],{"class":119},[44,150941,135],{"class":115},[44,150943,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,150945,142],{"class":141},[44,150947,123],{"class":115},[44,150949,1297],{"class":1296},[44,150951,123],{"class":115},[44,150953,2386],{"class":119},[44,150955,567],{"class":115},[20,150957,155],{},[35,150959,150961],{"className":37,"code":150960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150962,150963,150979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150964,150965,150967,150969,150971,150973,150975,150977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150966,123],{"class":115},[44,150968,3111],{"class":77},[44,150970,129],{"class":115},[44,150972,3116],{"class":77},[44,150974,129],{"class":115},[44,150976,2573],{"class":77},[44,150978,135],{"class":115},[44,150980,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989,150991],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,150982,1326],{"class":54},[44,150984,1329],{"class":1075},[44,150986,1332],{"class":58},[44,150988,49084],{"class":62},[44,150990,1338],{"class":58},[44,150992,1341],{"class":54},[20,150994,189,150995,150997],{},[15,150996,150879],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[30,150999,151001],{"id":151000},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151003,151004,63058],{},[15,151005,38183],{},[20,151007,49058],{},[218,151009,151010,151013,151016],{},[221,151011,151012],{},"creates a tuple object",[221,151014,151015],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[221,151017,151018],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151020,151021,151022,151024,151025,116],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[200,151023,149174],{"href":149173}," or the full guide to ",[200,151026,147870],{"href":147869},[30,151028,351],{"id":350},[20,151030,26622],{},[35,151032,151034],{"className":37,"code":151033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151035,151036,151042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151037,151038,151040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151039,49084],{"class":1296},[44,151041,8782],{"class":115},[44,151043,151044,151046,151048,151050],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151045,49084],{"class":1296},[44,151047,123],{"class":115},[44,151049,3846],{"class":119},[44,151051,135],{"class":115},[20,151053,11598],{},[218,151055,151056,151059],{},[221,151057,151058],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[221,151060,151061,151062],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[218,151063,151064,151066,151068,151070,151072],{},[221,151065,5433],{},[221,151067,5442],{},[221,151069,63129],{},[221,151071,5439],{},[221,151073,7389],{},[20,151075,151076],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[30,151078,149547],{"id":149546},[20,151080,29786,151081,151083],{},[15,151082,38183],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,151085,151087],{"className":37,"code":151086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151088,151089,151099,151103,151113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151090,151091,151093,151095,151097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151092,124966],{"class":50},[44,151094,55],{"class":54},[44,151096,149236],{"class":1296},[44,151098,8782],{"class":115},[44,151100,151101],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151102,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,151104,151105,151107,151109,151111],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,151106,142],{"class":141},[44,151108,123],{"class":115},[44,151110,125017],{"class":119},[44,151112,135],{"class":115},[44,151114,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,151116,142],{"class":141},[44,151118,123],{"class":115},[44,151120,1297],{"class":1296},[44,151122,123],{"class":115},[44,151124,125017],{"class":119},[44,151126,567],{"class":115},[20,151128,155],{},[35,151130,151131],{"className":37,"code":149592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151132,151133,151137],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151134,151135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151136,8782],{"class":115},[44,151138,151139,151141,151143,151145,151147,151149],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151140,1326],{"class":54},[44,151142,1329],{"class":1075},[44,151144,1332],{"class":58},[44,151146,49084],{"class":62},[44,151148,1338],{"class":58},[44,151150,1341],{"class":54},[20,151152,151153],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,151155,151157],{"className":37,"code":151156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,151158,151159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151160,151161,151163,151165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151162,124966],{"class":50},[44,151164,55],{"class":54},[44,151166,149212],{"class":115},[30,151168,151170],{"id":151169},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1474,151172,151174],{"id":151173},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151176,151177],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,151179,151181],{"className":37,"code":151180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151182,151183,151203,151217,151221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151184,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197,151199,151201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151186,3739],{"class":50},[44,151188,55],{"class":54},[44,151190,3744],{"class":115},[44,151192,2451],{"class":77},[44,151194,129],{"class":115},[44,151196,7928],{"class":77},[44,151198,129],{"class":115},[44,151200,7933],{"class":77},[44,151202,3757],{"class":115},[44,151204,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151206,2351],{"class":50},[44,151208,55],{"class":54},[44,151210,149236],{"class":1296},[44,151212,123],{"class":115},[44,151214,3771],{"class":119},[44,151216,135],{"class":115},[44,151218,151219],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,151220,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,151222,151223,151225,151227,151229],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,151224,142],{"class":141},[44,151226,123],{"class":115},[44,151228,2386],{"class":119},[44,151230,135],{"class":115},[20,151232,155],{},[35,151234,151236],{"className":37,"code":151235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151237,151238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151239,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151241,123],{"class":115},[44,151243,2451],{"class":77},[44,151245,129],{"class":115},[44,151247,7928],{"class":77},[44,151249,129],{"class":115},[44,151251,7933],{"class":77},[44,151253,135],{"class":115},[20,151255,151256,151257,116],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[200,151258,105171],{"href":60187},[1474,151260,151262],{"id":151261},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151264,151265],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,151267,151269],{"className":37,"code":151268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151270,151271,151283,151297,151301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151272,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151274,248],{"class":50},[44,151276,55],{"class":54},[44,151278,59],{"class":58},[44,151280,417],{"class":62},[44,151282,66],{"class":58},[44,151284,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293,151295],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151286,2351],{"class":50},[44,151288,55],{"class":54},[44,151290,149236],{"class":1296},[44,151292,123],{"class":115},[44,151294,308],{"class":119},[44,151296,135],{"class":115},[44,151298,151299],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,151300,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,151302,151303,151305,151307,151309],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,151304,142],{"class":141},[44,151306,123],{"class":115},[44,151308,2386],{"class":119},[44,151310,135],{"class":115},[20,151312,155],{},[35,151314,151316],{"className":37,"code":151315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151317,151318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151319,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151321,123],{"class":115},[44,151323,1338],{"class":58},[44,151325,9878],{"class":62},[44,151327,1338],{"class":58},[44,151329,129],{"class":115},[44,151331,1332],{"class":58},[44,151333,200],{"class":62},[44,151335,1338],{"class":58},[44,151337,129],{"class":115},[44,151339,1332],{"class":58},[44,151341,63419],{"class":62},[44,151343,1338],{"class":58},[44,151345,135],{"class":115},[20,151347,151348,151349,14191,151352,151354,151355,116],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151350,151351],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[153,151353,4761],{}," create ",[15,151356,151357],{},"('cat',)",[1474,151359,151361],{"id":151360},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151363,151364,151366,151367,151369],{},[15,151365,36335],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151368,38183],{}," collects them all.",[35,151371,151373],{"className":37,"code":151372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151374,151375,151393,151397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151376,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151378,2351],{"class":50},[44,151380,55],{"class":54},[44,151382,149236],{"class":1296},[44,151384,123],{"class":115},[44,151386,60130],{"class":141},[44,151388,123],{"class":115},[44,151390,2257],{"class":77},[44,151392,567],{"class":115},[44,151394,151395],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151396,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,151398,151399,151401,151403,151405],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,151400,142],{"class":141},[44,151402,123],{"class":115},[44,151404,2386],{"class":119},[44,151406,135],{"class":115},[20,151408,155],{},[35,151410,151412],{"className":37,"code":151411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151413,151414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151415,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151417,123],{"class":115},[44,151419,2240],{"class":77},[44,151421,129],{"class":115},[44,151423,5632],{"class":77},[44,151425,129],{"class":115},[44,151427,3116],{"class":77},[44,151429,129],{"class":115},[44,151431,2573],{"class":77},[44,151433,129],{"class":115},[44,151435,2579],{"class":77},[44,151437,135],{"class":115},[1474,151439,151441],{"id":151440},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151443,151444],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,151446,151448],{"className":37,"code":151447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151449,151450,151470,151484,151488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151451,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151453,3948],{"class":50},[44,151455,55],{"class":54},[44,151457,10629],{"class":115},[44,151459,3111],{"class":77},[44,151461,129],{"class":115},[44,151463,3116],{"class":77},[44,151465,129],{"class":115},[44,151467,2573],{"class":77},[44,151469,9447],{"class":115},[44,151471,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480,151482],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151473,2351],{"class":50},[44,151475,55],{"class":54},[44,151477,149236],{"class":1296},[44,151479,123],{"class":115},[44,151481,5492],{"class":119},[44,151483,135],{"class":115},[44,151485,151486],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,151487,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,151489,151490,151492,151494,151496],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,151491,142],{"class":141},[44,151493,123],{"class":115},[44,151495,2386],{"class":119},[44,151497,135],{"class":115},[20,151499,155],{},[35,151501,151502],{"className":37,"code":149449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151503,151504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151505,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516,151518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151507,123],{"class":115},[44,151509,3111],{"class":77},[44,151511,129],{"class":115},[44,151513,3116],{"class":77},[44,151515,129],{"class":115},[44,151517,2573],{"class":77},[44,151519,135],{"class":115},[20,151521,151522,151523,116],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[200,151524,151526],{"href":151525},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1474,151528,151530],{"id":151529},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151532,63672,151533,151535],{},[15,151534,38183],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,151537,151539],{"className":37,"code":151538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151540,151541,151577,151591,151595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151542,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151544,13342],{"class":50},[44,151546,55],{"class":54},[44,151548,10629],{"class":115},[44,151550,112],{"class":58},[44,151552,126],{"class":62},[44,151554,112],{"class":58},[44,151556,790],{"class":115},[44,151558,59],{"class":58},[44,151560,833],{"class":62},[44,151562,112],{"class":58},[44,151564,129],{"class":115},[44,151566,59],{"class":58},[44,151568,9437],{"class":62},[44,151570,112],{"class":58},[44,151572,790],{"class":115},[44,151574,9444],{"class":77},[44,151576,9447],{"class":115},[44,151578,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151580,2351],{"class":50},[44,151582,55],{"class":54},[44,151584,149236],{"class":1296},[44,151586,123],{"class":115},[44,151588,17445],{"class":119},[44,151590,135],{"class":115},[44,151592,151593],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,151594,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,151596,151597,151599,151601,151603],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,151598,142],{"class":141},[44,151600,123],{"class":115},[44,151602,2386],{"class":119},[44,151604,135],{"class":115},[20,151606,30166],{},[35,151608,151610],{"className":37,"code":151609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151611,151612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151613,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628,151630],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151615,123],{"class":115},[44,151617,1338],{"class":58},[44,151619,126],{"class":62},[44,151621,1338],{"class":58},[44,151623,129],{"class":115},[44,151625,1332],{"class":58},[44,151627,9437],{"class":62},[44,151629,1338],{"class":58},[44,151631,135],{"class":115},[30,151633,151635],{"id":151634},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151637,151638],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151640,151641,151644],{},[15,151642,151643],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,151646,151648],{"className":37,"code":151647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151649,151650,151686,151690,151704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151651,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682,151684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151653,13342],{"class":50},[44,151655,55],{"class":54},[44,151657,10629],{"class":115},[44,151659,112],{"class":58},[44,151661,126],{"class":62},[44,151663,112],{"class":58},[44,151665,790],{"class":115},[44,151667,59],{"class":58},[44,151669,833],{"class":62},[44,151671,112],{"class":58},[44,151673,129],{"class":115},[44,151675,59],{"class":58},[44,151677,9437],{"class":62},[44,151679,112],{"class":58},[44,151681,790],{"class":115},[44,151683,9444],{"class":77},[44,151685,9447],{"class":115},[44,151687,151688],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151689,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,151691,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,151693,142],{"class":141},[44,151695,123],{"class":115},[44,151697,49084],{"class":1296},[44,151699,123],{"class":115},[44,151701,17445],{"class":119},[44,151703,567],{"class":115},[44,151705,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718,151720],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,151707,142],{"class":141},[44,151709,123],{"class":115},[44,151711,49084],{"class":1296},[44,151713,123],{"class":115},[44,151715,17445],{"class":119},[44,151717,116],{"class":115},[44,151719,7948],{"class":119},[44,151721,6426],{"class":115},[20,151723,155],{},[35,151725,151727],{"className":37,"code":151726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151728,151729,151749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151730,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745,151747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151732,123],{"class":115},[44,151734,1338],{"class":58},[44,151736,126],{"class":62},[44,151738,1338],{"class":58},[44,151740,129],{"class":115},[44,151742,1332],{"class":58},[44,151744,9437],{"class":62},[44,151746,1338],{"class":58},[44,151748,135],{"class":115},[44,151750,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151752,5645],{"class":115},[44,151754,1338],{"class":58},[44,151756,126],{"class":62},[44,151758,1338],{"class":58},[44,151760,129],{"class":115},[44,151762,1332],{"class":58},[44,151764,833],{"class":62},[44,151766,1338],{"class":58},[44,151768,9372],{"class":115},[44,151770,9375],{"class":115},[44,151772,1338],{"class":58},[44,151774,9437],{"class":62},[44,151776,1338],{"class":58},[44,151778,129],{"class":115},[44,151780,9444],{"class":77},[44,151782,567],{"class":115},[20,151784,18832],{},[218,151786,151787,151792],{},[221,151788,151789,151791],{},[15,151790,151643],{}," for keys",[221,151793,151794,32693],{},[15,151795,151796],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151798,151799,151800,116],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[200,151801,63682],{"href":63681},[30,151803,151805],{"id":151804},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151807,151808,18456],{},[15,151809,38183],{},[218,151811,151812,151815,151818,151821],{},[221,151813,151814],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[221,151816,151817],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[221,151819,151820],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[221,151822,151823],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151825,238],{},[35,151827,151829],{"className":37,"code":151828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151830,151831,151850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151832,151833,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846,151848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151834,151835],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,151837,55],{"class":54},[44,151839,149236],{"class":1296},[44,151841,3108],{"class":115},[44,151843,2626],{"class":77},[44,151845,129],{"class":115},[44,151847,6129],{"class":77},[44,151849,4015],{"class":115},[44,151851,151852,151854,151856,151859],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,151853,142],{"class":141},[44,151855,123],{"class":115},[44,151857,151858],{"class":119},"coordinates",[44,151860,135],{"class":115},[20,151862,155],{},[35,151864,151866],{"className":37,"code":151865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151867,151868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151869,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151871,123],{"class":115},[44,151873,2626],{"class":77},[44,151875,129],{"class":115},[44,151877,6129],{"class":77},[44,151879,135],{"class":115},[20,151881,151882],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[218,151884,151885,151887,151890,151893],{},[221,151886,151858],{},[221,151888,151889],{},"RGB colors",[221,151891,151892],{},"dates",[221,151894,151895],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[30,151897,151899],{"id":151898},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151901,44563,151902,10740],{},[15,151903,38183],{},[218,151905,151906,151909,151912],{},[221,151907,151908],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[221,151910,151911],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[221,151913,151914],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151916,116598,151917,151919],{},[153,151918,4761],{}," work:",[35,151921,151923],{"className":37,"code":151922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151924,151925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151926,151927,151929,151931,151933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151928,49084],{"class":1296},[44,151930,123],{"class":115},[44,151932,2257],{"class":77},[44,151934,135],{"class":115},[20,151936,151937],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151939,151940],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[30,151942,115436],{"id":115435},[20,151944,151945],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1474,151947,151949],{"id":151948},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151951,2958],{},[35,151953,151954],{"className":37,"code":151922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151955,151956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151957,151958,151960,151962,151964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151959,49084],{"class":1296},[44,151961,123],{"class":115},[44,151963,2257],{"class":77},[44,151965,135],{"class":115},[20,151967,29817],{},[35,151969,151970],{"className":37,"code":63786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151971,151972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151973,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988,151990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151975,3129],{"class":1296},[44,151977,790],{"class":115},[44,151979,1332],{"class":58},[44,151981,2309],{"class":62},[44,151983,1338],{"class":58},[44,151985,24753],{"class":1296},[44,151987,8234],{"class":54},[44,151989,8237],{"class":54},[44,151991,63809],{"class":50},[20,151993,151994,151995,116],{},"If you see this, read ",[200,151996,62423],{"href":52729},[1474,151998,152000],{"id":151999},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152002,152003],{},"This code:",[35,152005,152007],{"className":37,"code":152006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152008,152009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152010,152011,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152012,49084],{"class":1296},[44,152014,123],{"class":115},[44,152016,112],{"class":58},[44,152018,3971],{"class":62},[44,152020,112],{"class":58},[44,152022,135],{"class":115},[20,152024,152025],{},"returns:",[35,152027,152029],{"className":37,"code":152028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152030,152031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152032,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067,152069,152071,152073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152034,123],{"class":115},[44,152036,1338],{"class":58},[44,152038,60570],{"class":62},[44,152040,1338],{"class":58},[44,152042,129],{"class":115},[44,152044,1332],{"class":58},[44,152046,60579],{"class":62},[44,152048,1338],{"class":58},[44,152050,129],{"class":115},[44,152052,1332],{"class":58},[44,152054,60588],{"class":62},[44,152056,1338],{"class":58},[44,152058,129],{"class":115},[44,152060,1332],{"class":58},[44,152062,60588],{"class":62},[44,152064,1338],{"class":58},[44,152066,129],{"class":115},[44,152068,1332],{"class":58},[44,152070,60605],{"class":62},[44,152072,1338],{"class":58},[44,152074,135],{"class":115},[20,152076,41043,152077,152079],{},[153,152078,4761],{}," return:",[35,152081,152083],{"className":37,"code":152082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,152084,152085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152086,152087,152089,152091,152093,152095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152088,123],{"class":115},[44,152090,1338],{"class":58},[44,152092,3971],{"class":62},[44,152094,1338],{"class":58},[44,152096,149226],{"class":115},[20,152098,152099],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,152101,152103],{"className":37,"code":152102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152104,152105,152122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152106,152107,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152108,152109],{"class":50},"single ",[44,152111,55],{"class":54},[44,152113,9375],{"class":115},[44,152115,112],{"class":58},[44,152117,3971],{"class":62},[44,152119,112],{"class":58},[44,152121,149226],{"class":115},[44,152123,152124,152126,152128,152131],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152125,142],{"class":141},[44,152127,123],{"class":115},[44,152129,152130],{"class":119},"single",[44,152132,135],{"class":115},[1474,152134,152136],{"id":152135},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152138,152003],{},[35,152140,152142],{"className":37,"code":152141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152143,152144,152176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152145,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152147,9306],{"class":50},[44,152149,55],{"class":54},[44,152151,10629],{"class":115},[44,152153,112],{"class":58},[44,152155,200],{"class":62},[44,152157,112],{"class":58},[44,152159,790],{"class":115},[44,152161,5632],{"class":77},[44,152163,129],{"class":115},[44,152165,59],{"class":58},[44,152167,4891],{"class":62},[44,152169,112],{"class":58},[44,152171,790],{"class":115},[44,152173,3116],{"class":77},[44,152175,9447],{"class":115},[44,152177,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186,152188],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152179,142],{"class":141},[44,152181,123],{"class":115},[44,152183,49084],{"class":1296},[44,152185,123],{"class":115},[44,152187,9343],{"class":119},[44,152189,567],{"class":115},[20,152191,152192],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,152194,152196],{"className":37,"code":152195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152197,152198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152199,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212,152214,152216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152201,123],{"class":115},[44,152203,1338],{"class":58},[44,152205,200],{"class":62},[44,152207,1338],{"class":58},[44,152209,129],{"class":115},[44,152211,1332],{"class":58},[44,152213,4891],{"class":62},[44,152215,1338],{"class":58},[44,152217,135],{"class":115},[20,152219,152220],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,152222,152224],{"className":37,"code":152223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152225,152226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152227,152228,152230,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240,152242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152229,142],{"class":141},[44,152231,123],{"class":115},[44,152233,49084],{"class":1296},[44,152235,123],{"class":115},[44,152237,9343],{"class":119},[44,152239,116],{"class":115},[44,152241,7948],{"class":119},[44,152243,6426],{"class":115},[1474,152245,152247],{"id":152246},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152249,152250,152251,152253],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152252,38183],{}," conversion.",[20,152255,5606],{},[35,152257,152259],{"className":37,"code":152258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152260,152261,152281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152262,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152264,2568],{"class":50},[44,152266,55],{"class":54},[44,152268,9375],{"class":115},[44,152270,3111],{"class":77},[44,152272,129],{"class":115},[44,152274,3116],{"class":77},[44,152276,129],{"class":115},[44,152278,2573],{"class":77},[44,152280,135],{"class":115},[44,152282,152283,152285,152287,152289],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152284,142],{"class":141},[44,152286,123],{"class":115},[44,152288,379],{"class":119},[44,152290,135],{"class":115},[20,152292,152293],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152295,25640,152296,152298],{},[15,152297,38183],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[30,152300,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,152302,152304],{"id":152303},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152306,152307],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1474,152309,152311],{"id":152310},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152313,152314,152315,116],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152316,7504],{},[1474,152318,152320],{"id":152319},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152322,152323],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1474,152325,152327],{"id":152326},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152329,152330],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1474,152332,152334],{"id":152333},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152336,152337,152338,116],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152339,3129],{},[30,152341,2019],{"id":2018},[218,152343,152344,152348,152352,152356,152360,152364],{},[221,152345,152346],{},[200,152347,147870],{"href":147869},[221,152349,152350],{},[200,152351,150797],{"href":149173},[221,152353,152354],{},[200,152355,105171],{"href":60187},[221,152357,152358],{},[200,152359,151526],{"href":151525},[221,152361,152362],{},[200,152363,63682],{"href":63681},[221,152365,152366],{},[200,152367,62423],{"href":52729},[2048,152369,152370],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":152372},[152373,152374,152375,152376,152377,152384,152385,152386,152387,152393,152400],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":151000,"depth":69,"text":151001},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":149546,"depth":69,"text":149547},{"id":151169,"depth":69,"text":151170,"children":152378},[152379,152380,152381,152382,152383],{"id":151173,"depth":81,"text":151174},{"id":151261,"depth":81,"text":151262},{"id":151360,"depth":81,"text":151361},{"id":151440,"depth":81,"text":151441},{"id":151529,"depth":81,"text":151530},{"id":151634,"depth":69,"text":151635},{"id":151804,"depth":69,"text":151805},{"id":151898,"depth":69,"text":151899},{"id":115435,"depth":69,"text":115436,"children":152388},[152389,152390,152391,152392],{"id":151948,"depth":81,"text":151949},{"id":151999,"depth":81,"text":152000},{"id":152135,"depth":81,"text":152136},{"id":152246,"depth":81,"text":152247},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":152394},[152395,152396,152397,152398,152399],{"id":152303,"depth":81,"text":152304},{"id":152310,"depth":81,"text":152311},{"id":152319,"depth":81,"text":152320},{"id":152326,"depth":81,"text":152327},{"id":152333,"depth":81,"text":152334},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150855,"description":152401},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152408,"title":152409,"body":152410,"description":153823,"extension":2084,"meta":153824,"navigation":84,"path":153825,"seo":153826,"stem":153827,"__hash__":153828},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152411,"toc":153795},[152412,152417,152422,152425,152427,152506,152512,152517,152521,152536,152538,152585,152587,152595,152603,152609,152611,152616,152636,152639,152666,152668,152692,152694,152836,152838,152842,152850,152853,152855,152932,152934,152942,152946,152950,152960,152970,152972,152977,152979,153038,153043,153045,153145,153147,153161,153166,153172,153179,153182,153184,153294,153298,153315,153317,153380,153382,153390,153402,153406,153411,153439,153442,153524,153526,153537,153539,153543,153570,153572,153574,153654,153662,153664,153719,153721,153726,153729,153733,153737,153739,153743,153747,153755,153762,153765,153767,153792],[10,152413,147754,152415,18],{"id":152414},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152416,59099],{},[20,152418,152419,152421],{},[15,152420,149075],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152423,152424],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[30,152426,33],{"id":32},[35,152428,152430],{"className":37,"code":152429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152431,152432,152472,152494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152433,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468,152470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152435,13213],{"class":50},[44,152437,55],{"class":54},[44,152439,9375],{"class":115},[44,152441,112],{"class":58},[44,152443,13230],{"class":62},[44,152445,112],{"class":58},[44,152447,129],{"class":115},[44,152449,59],{"class":58},[44,152451,13247],{"class":62},[44,152453,112],{"class":58},[44,152455,129],{"class":115},[44,152457,59],{"class":58},[44,152459,17592],{"class":62},[44,152461,112],{"class":58},[44,152463,129],{"class":115},[44,152465,59],{"class":58},[44,152467,13247],{"class":62},[44,152469,112],{"class":58},[44,152471,135],{"class":115},[44,152473,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152475,65052],{"class":50},[44,152477,55],{"class":54},[44,152479,13261],{"class":50},[44,152481,116],{"class":115},[44,152483,35982],{"class":119},[44,152485,123],{"class":115},[44,152487,112],{"class":58},[44,152489,13247],{"class":62},[44,152491,112],{"class":58},[44,152493,135],{"class":115},[44,152495,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,152497,142],{"class":141},[44,152499,123],{"class":115},[44,152501,65079],{"class":119},[44,152503,3784],{"class":115},[44,152505,27915],{"class":3787},[20,152507,152508,152511],{},[15,152509,152510],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[30,152513,3802,152515,3805],{"id":152514},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152516,149075],{},[20,152518,213,152519,216],{},[15,152520,59099],{},[218,152522,152523,152526,152528,152531],{},[221,152524,152525],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[221,152527,128580],{},[221,152529,152530],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[221,152532,152533,152534],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152535,2240],{},[20,152537,238],{},[35,152539,152541],{"className":37,"code":152540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152542,152543,152567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152544,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563,152565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152546,3739],{"class":50},[44,152548,55],{"class":54},[44,152550,9375],{"class":115},[44,152552,2451],{"class":77},[44,152554,129],{"class":115},[44,152556,7928],{"class":77},[44,152558,129],{"class":115},[44,152560,7933],{"class":77},[44,152562,129],{"class":115},[44,152564,7928],{"class":77},[44,152566,135],{"class":115},[44,152568,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581,152583],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152570,142],{"class":141},[44,152572,123],{"class":115},[44,152574,3771],{"class":119},[44,152576,116],{"class":115},[44,152578,35982],{"class":119},[44,152580,123],{"class":115},[44,152582,15892],{"class":77},[44,152584,567],{"class":115},[20,152586,155],{},[35,152588,152589],{"className":37,"code":47048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152590,152591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152592,152593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152594,47048],{"class":77},[20,152596,21115,152597,152599,152600,152602],{},[15,152598,15892],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152601,59099],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152604,151021,152605,116],{},[200,152606,152608],{"href":152607},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[30,152610,351],{"id":350},[20,152612,7900,152613,152615],{},[15,152614,59099],{}," in two ways:",[35,152617,152619],{"className":37,"code":152618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152620,152621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152622,152623,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152624,152625],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,152627,116],{"class":115},[44,152629,35982],{"class":119},[44,152631,123],{"class":115},[44,152633,379],{"class":119},[44,152635,135],{"class":115},[20,152637,152638],{},"or:",[35,152640,152642],{"className":37,"code":152641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152643,152644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152645,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152647,152625],{"class":50},[44,152649,116],{"class":115},[44,152651,35982],{"class":119},[44,152653,123],{"class":115},[44,152655,379],{"class":119},[44,152657,129],{"class":115},[44,152659,36188],{"class":119},[44,152661,129],{"class":115},[44,152663,65173],{"class":119},[44,152665,135],{"class":115},[1474,152667,17533],{"id":17532},[218,152669,152670,152675,152680,152685],{},[221,152671,152672,152674],{},[15,152673,379],{}," — the item to search for",[221,152676,152677,152679],{},[15,152678,36209],{}," — optional starting position",[221,152681,152682,152684],{},[15,152683,52790],{}," — optional ending position",[221,152686,152687,4914,152689,152691],{},[15,152688,52790],{},[153,152690,65202],{}," in the search",[20,152693,238],{},[35,152695,152697],{"className":37,"code":152696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152698,152699,152747,152751,152776,152804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152700,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152702,36227],{"class":50},[44,152704,55],{"class":54},[44,152706,9375],{"class":115},[44,152708,112],{"class":58},[44,152710,200],{"class":62},[44,152712,112],{"class":58},[44,152714,129],{"class":115},[44,152716,59],{"class":58},[44,152718,4891],{"class":62},[44,152720,112],{"class":58},[44,152722,129],{"class":115},[44,152724,59],{"class":58},[44,152726,9878],{"class":62},[44,152728,112],{"class":58},[44,152730,129],{"class":115},[44,152732,59],{"class":58},[44,152734,4891],{"class":62},[44,152736,112],{"class":58},[44,152738,129],{"class":115},[44,152740,59],{"class":58},[44,152742,18905],{"class":62},[44,152744,112],{"class":58},[44,152746,135],{"class":115},[44,152748,152749],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152750,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,152752,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,152754,142],{"class":141},[44,152756,123],{"class":115},[44,152758,36280],{"class":119},[44,152760,116],{"class":115},[44,152762,35982],{"class":119},[44,152764,123],{"class":115},[44,152766,112],{"class":58},[44,152768,4891],{"class":62},[44,152770,112],{"class":58},[44,152772,5495],{"class":115},[44,152774,152775],{"class":3787},"        # 1\n",[44,152777,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800,152802],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,152779,142],{"class":141},[44,152781,123],{"class":115},[44,152783,36280],{"class":119},[44,152785,116],{"class":115},[44,152787,35982],{"class":119},[44,152789,123],{"class":115},[44,152791,112],{"class":58},[44,152793,4891],{"class":62},[44,152795,112],{"class":58},[44,152797,129],{"class":115},[44,152799,3116],{"class":77},[44,152801,5495],{"class":115},[44,152803,51049],{"class":3787},[44,152805,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,152807,142],{"class":141},[44,152809,123],{"class":115},[44,152811,36280],{"class":119},[44,152813,116],{"class":115},[44,152815,35982],{"class":119},[44,152817,123],{"class":115},[44,152819,112],{"class":58},[44,152821,4891],{"class":62},[44,152823,112],{"class":58},[44,152825,129],{"class":115},[44,152827,5632],{"class":77},[44,152829,129],{"class":115},[44,152831,2573],{"class":77},[44,152833,5495],{"class":115},[44,152835,27915],{"class":3787},[30,152837,103498],{"id":103497},[20,152839,152840,25643],{},[15,152841,149075],{},[218,152843,152844,152847],{},[221,152845,152846],{},"An integer",[221,152848,152849],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152851,152852],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152854,238],{},[35,152856,152858],{"className":37,"code":152857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152859,152860,152900,152922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152861,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152863,108597],{"class":50},[44,152865,55],{"class":54},[44,152867,9375],{"class":115},[44,152869,112],{"class":58},[44,152871,417],{"class":62},[44,152873,112],{"class":58},[44,152875,129],{"class":115},[44,152877,59],{"class":58},[44,152879,58258],{"class":62},[44,152881,112],{"class":58},[44,152883,129],{"class":115},[44,152885,59],{"class":58},[44,152887,58275],{"class":62},[44,152889,112],{"class":58},[44,152891,129],{"class":115},[44,152893,59],{"class":58},[44,152895,58258],{"class":62},[44,152897,112],{"class":58},[44,152899,135],{"class":115},[44,152901,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,152903,2351],{"class":50},[44,152905,55],{"class":54},[44,152907,108640],{"class":50},[44,152909,116],{"class":115},[44,152911,35982],{"class":119},[44,152913,123],{"class":115},[44,152915,112],{"class":58},[44,152917,58258],{"class":62},[44,152919,112],{"class":58},[44,152921,135],{"class":115},[44,152923,152924,152926,152928,152930],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,152925,142],{"class":141},[44,152927,123],{"class":115},[44,152929,2386],{"class":119},[44,152931,135],{"class":115},[20,152933,155],{},[35,152935,152936],{"className":37,"code":47048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152937,152938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152939,152940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152941,47048],{"class":77},[30,152943,152945],{"id":152944},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152947,189,152948,10740],{},[15,152949,149075],{},[218,152951,152952,152954,152957],{},[221,152953,66231],{},[221,152955,152956],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[221,152958,152959],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152961,152962,152963,152966,152967,116],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152964,152965],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[200,152968,149543],{"href":152969},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[30,152971,65763],{"id":65762},[20,152973,152974,152975,116],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152976,40841],{},[20,152978,238],{},[35,152980,152982],{"className":37,"code":152981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152983,152984,153016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152985,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012,153014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152987,13213],{"class":50},[44,152989,55],{"class":54},[44,152991,9375],{"class":115},[44,152993,112],{"class":58},[44,152995,13230],{"class":62},[44,152997,112],{"class":58},[44,152999,129],{"class":115},[44,153001,59],{"class":58},[44,153003,13247],{"class":62},[44,153005,112],{"class":58},[44,153007,129],{"class":115},[44,153009,59],{"class":58},[44,153011,17592],{"class":62},[44,153013,112],{"class":58},[44,153015,135],{"class":115},[44,153017,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034,153036],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153019,142],{"class":141},[44,153021,123],{"class":115},[44,153023,17639],{"class":119},[44,153025,116],{"class":115},[44,153027,35982],{"class":119},[44,153029,123],{"class":115},[44,153031,112],{"class":58},[44,153033,22659],{"class":62},[44,153035,112],{"class":58},[44,153037,567],{"class":115},[20,153039,39791,153040,153042],{},[15,153041,109922],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153044,65838],{},[35,153046,153048],{"className":37,"code":153047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153049,153050,153082,153086,153102,153124,153130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153051,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153053,13213],{"class":50},[44,153055,55],{"class":54},[44,153057,9375],{"class":115},[44,153059,112],{"class":58},[44,153061,13230],{"class":62},[44,153063,112],{"class":58},[44,153065,129],{"class":115},[44,153067,59],{"class":58},[44,153069,13247],{"class":62},[44,153071,112],{"class":58},[44,153073,129],{"class":115},[44,153075,59],{"class":58},[44,153077,17592],{"class":62},[44,153079,112],{"class":58},[44,153081,135],{"class":115},[44,153083,153084],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153085,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,153087,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,153089,7135],{"class":4003},[44,153091,59],{"class":58},[44,153093,22659],{"class":62},[44,153095,112],{"class":58},[44,153097,21311],{"class":54},[44,153099,13261],{"class":50},[44,153101,6530],{"class":115},[44,153103,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120,153122],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,153105,8206],{"class":141},[44,153107,123],{"class":115},[44,153109,17639],{"class":119},[44,153111,116],{"class":115},[44,153113,35982],{"class":119},[44,153115,123],{"class":115},[44,153117,112],{"class":58},[44,153119,22659],{"class":62},[44,153121,112],{"class":58},[44,153123,567],{"class":115},[44,153125,153126,153128],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,153127,27569],{"class":4003},[44,153129,6530],{"class":115},[44,153131,153132,153134,153136,153138,153141,153143],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,153133,8206],{"class":141},[44,153135,123],{"class":115},[44,153137,112],{"class":58},[44,153139,153140],{"class":62},"Value not found",[44,153142,112],{"class":58},[44,153144,135],{"class":115},[20,153146,155],{},[35,153148,153150],{"className":37,"code":153149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,153151,153152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153153,153154,153157,153159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153155,153156],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,153158,4761],{"class":54},[44,153160,65962],{"class":50},[20,153162,153163,153164,116],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[200,153165,65972],{"href":65971},[30,153167,8556,153168,536,153170],{"id":65539},[15,153169,36209],{},[15,153171,52790],{},[20,153173,213,153174,536,153176,153178],{},[15,153175,36209],{},[15,153177,52790],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153180,153181],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153183,238],{},[35,153185,153187],{"className":37,"code":153186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153188,153189,153217,153221,153242,153266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153190,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213,153215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153192,3948],{"class":50},[44,153194,55],{"class":54},[44,153196,9375],{"class":115},[44,153198,2257],{"class":77},[44,153200,129],{"class":115},[44,153202,6140],{"class":77},[44,153204,129],{"class":115},[44,153206,4735],{"class":77},[44,153208,129],{"class":115},[44,153210,7928],{"class":77},[44,153212,129],{"class":115},[44,153214,4735],{"class":77},[44,153216,135],{"class":115},[44,153218,153219],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153220,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,153222,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237,153239],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,153224,142],{"class":141},[44,153226,123],{"class":115},[44,153228,5492],{"class":119},[44,153230,116],{"class":115},[44,153232,35982],{"class":119},[44,153234,123],{"class":115},[44,153236,2257],{"class":77},[44,153238,5495],{"class":115},[44,153240,153241],{"class":3787},"        # 0\n",[44,153243,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,153245,142],{"class":141},[44,153247,123],{"class":115},[44,153249,5492],{"class":119},[44,153251,116],{"class":115},[44,153253,35982],{"class":119},[44,153255,123],{"class":115},[44,153257,2257],{"class":77},[44,153259,129],{"class":115},[44,153261,5632],{"class":77},[44,153263,5495],{"class":115},[44,153265,51083],{"class":3787},[44,153267,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,153269,142],{"class":141},[44,153271,123],{"class":115},[44,153273,5492],{"class":119},[44,153275,116],{"class":115},[44,153277,35982],{"class":119},[44,153279,123],{"class":115},[44,153281,2257],{"class":77},[44,153283,129],{"class":115},[44,153285,2573],{"class":77},[44,153287,129],{"class":115},[44,153289,4735],{"class":77},[44,153291,5495],{"class":115},[44,153293,51066],{"class":3787},[1474,153295,153297],{"id":153296},"how-it-works","How it works",[218,153299,153300,153305,153310],{},[221,153301,153302,153304],{},[15,153303,36209],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[221,153306,153307,153309],{},[15,153308,52790],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[221,153311,213,153312,153314],{},[15,153313,52790],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153316,238],{},[35,153318,153320],{"className":37,"code":153319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153321,153322,153350,153354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153323,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153325,3948],{"class":50},[44,153327,55],{"class":54},[44,153329,9375],{"class":115},[44,153331,2257],{"class":77},[44,153333,129],{"class":115},[44,153335,6140],{"class":77},[44,153337,129],{"class":115},[44,153339,4735],{"class":77},[44,153341,129],{"class":115},[44,153343,7928],{"class":77},[44,153345,129],{"class":115},[44,153347,4735],{"class":77},[44,153349,135],{"class":115},[44,153351,153352],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153353,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,153355,153356,153358,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376,153378],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,153357,142],{"class":141},[44,153359,123],{"class":115},[44,153361,5492],{"class":119},[44,153363,116],{"class":115},[44,153365,35982],{"class":119},[44,153367,123],{"class":115},[44,153369,2257],{"class":77},[44,153371,129],{"class":115},[44,153373,5632],{"class":77},[44,153375,129],{"class":115},[44,153377,2579],{"class":77},[44,153379,567],{"class":115},[20,153381,155],{},[35,153383,153384],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153385,153386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153387,153388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153389,17194],{"class":77},[20,153391,153392,153393,2310,153395,17210,153397,153399,153400,116],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153394,3111],{},[15,153396,2177],{},[15,153398,2183],{},", but not ",[15,153401,2626],{},[30,153403,153405],{"id":153404},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153407,153408,153409,790],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153410,149075],{},[218,153412,153413,153421,153426,153433],{},[221,153414,153415,153416,153418,153419],{},"Do not confuse the ",[153,153417,379],{}," with the ",[153,153420,35982],{},[221,153422,153423,153424],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153425,2240],{},[221,153427,189,153428,153432],{},[200,153429,149101,153430,10880],{"href":149153},[15,153431,57421],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[221,153434,153435,153436,153438],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153437,152965],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153440,153441],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,153443,153445],{"className":37,"code":153444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153446,153447,153479,153483,153507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153448,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461,153463,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475,153477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153450,36376],{"class":50},[44,153452,55],{"class":54},[44,153454,9375],{"class":115},[44,153456,112],{"class":58},[44,153458,4207],{"class":62},[44,153460,112],{"class":58},[44,153462,129],{"class":115},[44,153464,59],{"class":58},[44,153466,4216],{"class":62},[44,153468,112],{"class":58},[44,153470,129],{"class":115},[44,153472,59],{"class":58},[44,153474,33357],{"class":62},[44,153476,112],{"class":58},[44,153478,135],{"class":115},[44,153480,153481],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153482,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,153484,153485,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,153486,142],{"class":141},[44,153488,123],{"class":115},[44,153490,36428],{"class":119},[44,153492,116],{"class":115},[44,153494,35982],{"class":119},[44,153496,123],{"class":115},[44,153498,112],{"class":58},[44,153500,4216],{"class":62},[44,153502,112],{"class":58},[44,153504,5495],{"class":115},[44,153506,27915],{"class":3787},[44,153508,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,153510,142],{"class":141},[44,153512,123],{"class":115},[44,153514,36428],{"class":119},[44,153516,4027],{"class":115},[44,153518,3111],{"class":77},[44,153520,20583],{"class":115},[44,153522,153523],{"class":3787},"               # banana\n",[20,153525,2299],{},[218,153527,153528,153532],{},[221,153529,153530,15384],{},[15,153531,65407],{},[221,153533,153534,153536],{},[15,153535,3111],{}," is the index",[30,153538,1467],{"id":1466},[20,153540,106236,153541,790],{},[15,153542,149075],{},[218,153544,153545,153548,153553,153558,153565],{},[221,153546,153547],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[221,153549,1707,153550,153552],{},[15,153551,59099],{}," to return all matching positions",[221,153554,153555,153556],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153557,2240],{},[221,153559,153560,153561,536,153563],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153562,36209],{},[15,153564,52790],{},[221,153566,37341,153567,153569],{},[15,153568,149075],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1474,153571,60842],{"id":60841},[20,153573,94498],{},[35,153575,153577],{"className":37,"code":153576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153578,153579,153589,153603,153618,153636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153580,153581,153583,153585,153587],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153582,142],{"class":141},[44,153584,123],{"class":115},[44,153586,147888],{"class":119},[44,153588,135],{"class":115},[44,153590,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599,153601],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153592,142],{"class":141},[44,153594,123],{"class":115},[44,153596,11302],{"class":141},[44,153598,123],{"class":115},[44,153600,147888],{"class":119},[44,153602,567],{"class":115},[44,153604,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153616],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,153606,142],{"class":141},[44,153608,123],{"class":115},[44,153610,2568],{"class":119},[44,153612,887],{"class":4003},[44,153614,153615],{"class":119}," my_tuple",[44,153617,135],{"class":115},[44,153619,153620,153622,153624,153626,153628,153630,153632,153634],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,153621,142],{"class":141},[44,153623,123],{"class":115},[44,153625,147888],{"class":119},[44,153627,116],{"class":115},[44,153629,41397],{"class":119},[44,153631,123],{"class":115},[44,153633,379],{"class":119},[44,153635,567],{"class":115},[44,153637,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,153639,142],{"class":141},[44,153641,123],{"class":115},[44,153643,147888],{"class":119},[44,153645,116],{"class":115},[44,153647,35982],{"class":119},[44,153649,123],{"class":115},[44,153651,379],{"class":119},[44,153653,567],{"class":115},[20,153655,153656,153657,84525,153659,153661],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153658,40841],{},[15,153660,379],{}," is missing.",[20,153663,129733],{},[35,153665,153667],{"className":37,"code":153666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153668,153669,153681,153699,153705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153670,153671,153673,153675,153677,153679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153672,7135],{"class":4003},[44,153674,21722],{"class":50},[44,153676,887],{"class":54},[44,153678,153615],{"class":50},[44,153680,6530],{"class":115},[44,153682,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695,153697],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153684,8206],{"class":141},[44,153686,123],{"class":115},[44,153688,147888],{"class":119},[44,153690,116],{"class":115},[44,153692,35982],{"class":119},[44,153694,123],{"class":115},[44,153696,379],{"class":119},[44,153698,567],{"class":115},[44,153700,153701,153703],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,153702,27569],{"class":4003},[44,153704,6530],{"class":115},[44,153706,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715,153717],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,153708,8206],{"class":141},[44,153710,123],{"class":115},[44,153712,112],{"class":58},[44,153714,153140],{"class":62},[44,153716,112],{"class":58},[44,153718,135],{"class":115},[30,153720,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,153722,5274,153724,1975],{"id":153723},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153725,149075],{},[20,153727,153728],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1474,153730,153732],{"id":153731},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153734,153735,152602],{},[15,153736,149075],{},[1474,153738,149054],{"id":149053},[20,153740,76989,153741,116],{},[15,153742,40841],{},[1474,153744,153746],{"id":153745},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153748,153749,153750,536,153752,153754],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153751,36209],{},[15,153753,52790],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1474,153756,2006,153758,57336,153760,1995],{"id":153757},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153759,149075],{},[15,153761,64998],{},[20,153763,153764],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[30,153766,2019],{"id":2018},[218,153768,153769,153775,153779,153784,153788],{},[221,153770,153771],{},[200,153772,149101,153773,10880],{"href":149153},[15,153774,57421],{},[221,153776,153777],{},[200,153778,149543],{"href":152969},[221,153780,153781],{},[200,153782,153783],{"href":150849},"Creating a tuple in Python",[221,153785,153786],{},[200,153787,65972],{"href":65971},[221,153789,153790],{},[200,153791,150797],{"href":152607},[2048,153793,153794],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351,"children":153801},[153802],{"id":17532,"depth":81,"text":17533},{"id":103497,"depth":69,"text":103498},{"id":152944,"depth":69,"text":152945},{"id":65762,"depth":69,"text":65763},{"id":65539,"depth":69,"text":66322,"children":153807},[153808],{"id":153296,"depth":81,"text":153297},{"id":153404,"depth":69,"text":153405},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467,"children":153811},[153812],{"id":60841,"depth":81,"text":60842},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":153814},[153815,153817,153818,153819,153820],{"id":153723,"depth":81,"text":153816},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153731,"depth":81,"text":153732},{"id":149053,"depth":81,"text":149054},{"id":153745,"depth":81,"text":153746},{"id":153757,"depth":81,"text":153821},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152409,"description":153823},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153830,"title":153831,"body":153832,"description":155227,"extension":2084,"meta":155228,"navigation":84,"path":152969,"seo":155229,"stem":155230,"__hash__":155231},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153833,"toc":155209},[153834,153837,153840,153843,153857,153859,153862,153956,153966,153972,153976,153979,153982,153984,154002,154004,154075,154077,154094,154098,154102,154105,154122,154125,154140,154142,154233,154236,154240,154243,154260,154262,154357,154360,154363,154367,154370,154464,154466,154485,154488,154492,154495,154497,154552,154554,154589,154592,154606,154614,154707,154716,154720,154723,154730,154733,154780,154782,154790,154793,154844,154846,154863,154868,154872,154875,154878,154880,154931,154934,154989,154992,154995,154997,155000,155020,155022,155095,155098,155111,155113,155117,155122,155126,155131,155148,155152,155155,155172,155176,155179,155181,155206],[10,153835,153831],{"id":153836},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153838,153839],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153841,153842],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[218,153844,153845,153848,153851,153854],{},[221,153846,153847],{},"positive indexes",[221,153849,153850],{},"negative indexes",[221,153852,153853],{},"common indexing mistakes",[221,153855,153856],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[30,153858,3729],{"id":3728},[20,153860,153861],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,153863,153865],{"className":37,"code":153864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153866,153867,153899,153903,153920,153937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153868,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153870,13213],{"class":50},[44,153872,55],{"class":54},[44,153874,9375],{"class":115},[44,153876,112],{"class":58},[44,153878,13230],{"class":62},[44,153880,112],{"class":58},[44,153882,129],{"class":115},[44,153884,59],{"class":58},[44,153886,17592],{"class":62},[44,153888,112],{"class":58},[44,153890,129],{"class":115},[44,153892,59],{"class":58},[44,153894,13247],{"class":62},[44,153896,112],{"class":58},[44,153898,135],{"class":115},[44,153900,153901],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,153902,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,153904,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,153906,142],{"class":141},[44,153908,123],{"class":115},[44,153910,17639],{"class":119},[44,153912,4027],{"class":115},[44,153914,2240],{"class":77},[44,153916,20583],{"class":115},[44,153918,153919],{"class":3787},"   # red\n",[44,153921,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932,153934],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,153923,142],{"class":141},[44,153925,123],{"class":115},[44,153927,17639],{"class":119},[44,153929,4027],{"class":115},[44,153931,3111],{"class":77},[44,153933,20583],{"class":115},[44,153935,153936],{"class":3787},"   # green\n",[44,153938,153939,153941,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951,153953],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,153940,142],{"class":141},[44,153942,123],{"class":115},[44,153944,17639],{"class":119},[44,153946,4027],{"class":115},[44,153948,2142],{"class":54},[44,153950,3111],{"class":77},[44,153952,20583],{"class":115},[44,153954,153955],{"class":3787},"  # blue\n",[218,153957,153958,153963],{},[221,153959,132294,153960,153962],{},[15,153961,2240],{}," is the first item.",[221,153964,153965],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153967,153968,153969,116],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[200,153970,153971],{"href":147873},"how to create a tuple in Python",[30,153973,153975],{"id":153974},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153977,153978],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153980,153981],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153983,11598],{},[218,153985,153986,153989,153996,153999],{},[221,153987,153988],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[221,153990,153991,153992,19101,153994],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153993,2240],{},[15,153995,3111],{},[221,153997,153998],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[221,154000,154001],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154003,238],{},[35,154005,154007],{"className":37,"code":154006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154008,154009,154029,154033,154047,154061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154010,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154012,3739],{"class":50},[44,154014,55],{"class":54},[44,154016,9375],{"class":115},[44,154018,2451],{"class":77},[44,154020,129],{"class":115},[44,154022,7928],{"class":77},[44,154024,129],{"class":115},[44,154026,7933],{"class":77},[44,154028,135],{"class":115},[44,154030,154031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154032,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,154034,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043,154045],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154036,142],{"class":141},[44,154038,123],{"class":115},[44,154040,3771],{"class":119},[44,154042,4027],{"class":115},[44,154044,2240],{"class":77},[44,154046,4015],{"class":115},[44,154048,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057,154059],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,154050,142],{"class":141},[44,154052,123],{"class":115},[44,154054,3771],{"class":119},[44,154056,4027],{"class":115},[44,154058,3111],{"class":77},[44,154060,4015],{"class":115},[44,154062,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,154064,142],{"class":141},[44,154066,123],{"class":115},[44,154068,3771],{"class":119},[44,154070,4027],{"class":115},[44,154072,2177],{"class":77},[44,154074,4015],{"class":115},[20,154076,155],{},[35,154078,154080],{"className":37,"code":154079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154081,154082,154086,154090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154083,154084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154085,2497],{"class":77},[44,154087,154088],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154089,71355],{"class":77},[44,154091,154092],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154093,69971],{"class":77},[20,154095,59524,154096,116],{},[200,154097,147870],{"href":147869},[30,154099,154101],{"id":154100},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154103,154104],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[218,154106,154107,154112,154117],{},[221,154108,154109,154111],{},[15,154110,2240],{}," = first item",[221,154113,154114,154116],{},[15,154115,3111],{}," = second item",[221,154118,154119,154121],{},[15,154120,2177],{}," = third item",[20,154123,154124],{},"Pattern:",[35,154126,154128],{"className":37,"code":154127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154129,154130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154131,154132,154134,154136,154138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154133,152625],{"class":50},[44,154135,4027],{"class":115},[44,154137,35982],{"class":50},[44,154139,3757],{"class":115},[20,154141,238],{},[35,154143,154145],{"className":37,"code":154144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154146,154147,154179,154183,154200,154216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154148,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175,154177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154150,36376],{"class":50},[44,154152,55],{"class":54},[44,154154,9375],{"class":115},[44,154156,112],{"class":58},[44,154158,4207],{"class":62},[44,154160,112],{"class":58},[44,154162,129],{"class":115},[44,154164,59],{"class":58},[44,154166,4216],{"class":62},[44,154168,112],{"class":58},[44,154170,129],{"class":115},[44,154172,59],{"class":58},[44,154174,4225],{"class":62},[44,154176,112],{"class":58},[44,154178,135],{"class":115},[44,154180,154181],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154182,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,154184,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154186,142],{"class":141},[44,154188,123],{"class":115},[44,154190,36428],{"class":119},[44,154192,4027],{"class":115},[44,154194,2240],{"class":77},[44,154196,20583],{"class":115},[44,154198,154199],{"class":3787},"  # apple\n",[44,154201,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212,154214],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,154203,142],{"class":141},[44,154205,123],{"class":115},[44,154207,36428],{"class":119},[44,154209,4027],{"class":115},[44,154211,3111],{"class":77},[44,154213,20583],{"class":115},[44,154215,51616],{"class":3787},[44,154217,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228,154230],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,154219,142],{"class":141},[44,154221,123],{"class":115},[44,154223,36428],{"class":119},[44,154225,4027],{"class":115},[44,154227,2177],{"class":77},[44,154229,20583],{"class":115},[44,154231,154232],{"class":3787},"  # cherry\n",[20,154234,154235],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[30,154237,154239],{"id":154238},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154241,154242],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[218,154244,154245,154250,154255],{},[221,154246,154247,154249],{},[15,154248,65987],{}," = last item",[221,154251,154252,154254],{},[15,154253,95528],{}," = second-to-last item",[221,154256,154257,154259],{},[15,154258,47802],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154261,238],{},[35,154263,154265],{"className":37,"code":154264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154266,154267,154299,154303,154321,154339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154268,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154270,36376],{"class":50},[44,154272,55],{"class":54},[44,154274,9375],{"class":115},[44,154276,112],{"class":58},[44,154278,4207],{"class":62},[44,154280,112],{"class":58},[44,154282,129],{"class":115},[44,154284,59],{"class":58},[44,154286,4216],{"class":62},[44,154288,112],{"class":58},[44,154290,129],{"class":115},[44,154292,59],{"class":58},[44,154294,4225],{"class":62},[44,154296,112],{"class":58},[44,154298,135],{"class":115},[44,154300,154301],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154302,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,154304,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317,154319],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154306,142],{"class":141},[44,154308,123],{"class":115},[44,154310,36428],{"class":119},[44,154312,4027],{"class":115},[44,154314,2142],{"class":54},[44,154316,3111],{"class":77},[44,154318,20583],{"class":115},[44,154320,154232],{"class":3787},[44,154322,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335,154337],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,154324,142],{"class":141},[44,154326,123],{"class":115},[44,154328,36428],{"class":119},[44,154330,4027],{"class":115},[44,154332,2142],{"class":54},[44,154334,2177],{"class":77},[44,154336,20583],{"class":115},[44,154338,51616],{"class":3787},[44,154340,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353,154355],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,154342,142],{"class":141},[44,154344,123],{"class":115},[44,154346,36428],{"class":119},[44,154348,4027],{"class":115},[44,154350,2142],{"class":54},[44,154352,2183],{"class":77},[44,154354,20583],{"class":115},[44,154356,154199],{"class":3787},[20,154358,154359],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154361,154362],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[30,154364,154366],{"id":154365},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154368,154369],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,154371,154373],{"className":37,"code":154372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154374,154375,154407,154411,154428,154445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154376,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403,154405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154378,5126],{"class":50},[44,154380,55],{"class":54},[44,154382,9375],{"class":115},[44,154384,112],{"class":58},[44,154386,833],{"class":62},[44,154388,112],{"class":58},[44,154390,129],{"class":115},[44,154392,59],{"class":58},[44,154394,36077],{"class":62},[44,154396,112],{"class":58},[44,154398,129],{"class":115},[44,154400,59],{"class":58},[44,154402,36086],{"class":62},[44,154404,112],{"class":58},[44,154406,135],{"class":115},[44,154408,154409],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154410,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,154412,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423,154425],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154414,142],{"class":141},[44,154416,123],{"class":115},[44,154418,5170],{"class":119},[44,154420,4027],{"class":115},[44,154422,2240],{"class":77},[44,154424,20583],{"class":115},[44,154426,154427],{"class":3787},"   # first item\n",[44,154429,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,154431,142],{"class":141},[44,154433,123],{"class":115},[44,154435,5170],{"class":119},[44,154437,4027],{"class":115},[44,154439,3111],{"class":77},[44,154441,20583],{"class":115},[44,154443,154444],{"class":3787},"   # middle item\n",[44,154446,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459,154461],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,154448,142],{"class":141},[44,154450,123],{"class":115},[44,154452,5170],{"class":119},[44,154454,4027],{"class":115},[44,154456,2142],{"class":54},[44,154458,3111],{"class":77},[44,154460,20583],{"class":115},[44,154462,154463],{"class":3787},"  # last item\n",[20,154465,155],{},[35,154467,154469],{"className":37,"code":154468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154470,154471,154475,154480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154472,154473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154474,50170],{"class":50},[44,154476,154477],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154478,154479],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,154481,154482],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154483,154484],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,154486,154487],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[30,154489,154491],{"id":154490},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154493,154494],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154496,238],{},[35,154498,154500],{"className":37,"code":154499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154501,154502,154534,154538],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154503,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528,154530,154532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154505,36227],{"class":50},[44,154507,55],{"class":54},[44,154509,9375],{"class":115},[44,154511,112],{"class":58},[44,154513,200],{"class":62},[44,154515,112],{"class":58},[44,154517,129],{"class":115},[44,154519,59],{"class":58},[44,154521,4891],{"class":62},[44,154523,112],{"class":58},[44,154525,129],{"class":115},[44,154527,59],{"class":58},[44,154529,9878],{"class":62},[44,154531,112],{"class":58},[44,154533,135],{"class":115},[44,154535,154536],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154537,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,154539,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548,154550],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154541,142],{"class":141},[44,154543,123],{"class":115},[44,154545,36280],{"class":119},[44,154547,4027],{"class":115},[44,154549,2257],{"class":77},[44,154551,4015],{"class":115},[20,154553,155],{},[35,154555,154557],{"className":37,"code":154556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154558,154559,154571,154576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154560,154561,154564,154566,154569],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154562,154563],{"class":119},"Traceback ",[44,154565,123],{"class":115},[44,154567,154568],{"class":119},"most recent call last",[44,154570,8480],{"class":115},[44,154572,154573],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154574,154575],{"class":34590},"  ...\n",[44,154577,154578,154580,154582,154584,154587],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154579,70862],{"class":1296},[44,154581,790],{"class":115},[44,154583,149236],{"class":1296},[44,154585,154586],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,154588,71054],{"class":141},[20,154590,154591],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[218,154593,154594,154598,154602],{},[221,154595,154596],{},[15,154597,2240],{},[221,154599,154600],{},[15,154601,3111],{},[221,154603,154604],{},[15,154605,2177],{},[20,154607,154608,154609,116],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[200,154610,154611,154613],{"href":149108},[15,154612,42498],{}," on a tuple",[35,154615,154617],{"className":37,"code":154616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154618,154619,154651,154655,154671,154675,154693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154620,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647,154649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154622,36227],{"class":50},[44,154624,55],{"class":54},[44,154626,9375],{"class":115},[44,154628,112],{"class":58},[44,154630,200],{"class":62},[44,154632,112],{"class":58},[44,154634,129],{"class":115},[44,154636,59],{"class":58},[44,154638,4891],{"class":62},[44,154640,112],{"class":58},[44,154642,129],{"class":115},[44,154644,59],{"class":58},[44,154646,9878],{"class":62},[44,154648,112],{"class":58},[44,154650,135],{"class":115},[44,154652,154653],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154654,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,154656,154657,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667,154669],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154658,142],{"class":141},[44,154660,123],{"class":115},[44,154662,11302],{"class":141},[44,154664,123],{"class":115},[44,154666,36280],{"class":119},[44,154668,5495],{"class":115},[44,154670,50901],{"class":3787},[44,154672,154673],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,154674,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,154676,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689,154691],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,154678,7135],{"class":4003},[44,154680,38523],{"class":141},[44,154682,123],{"class":115},[44,154684,36280],{"class":119},[44,154686,3784],{"class":115},[44,154688,38533],{"class":54},[44,154690,3116],{"class":77},[44,154692,6530],{"class":115},[44,154694,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,154696,8206],{"class":141},[44,154698,123],{"class":115},[44,154700,36280],{"class":119},[44,154702,4027],{"class":115},[44,154704,2177],{"class":77},[44,154706,4015],{"class":115},[20,154708,154709,154710,116],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[200,154711,25814,154713],{"href":154712},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154714,154715],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[30,154717,154719],{"id":154718},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154721,154722],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[218,154724,154725,154727],{},[221,154726,77006],{},[221,154728,154729],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154731,154732],{},"Indexing example:",[35,154734,154736],{"className":37,"code":154735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154737,154738,154762,154766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154739,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154741,3739],{"class":50},[44,154743,55],{"class":54},[44,154745,9375],{"class":115},[44,154747,2451],{"class":77},[44,154749,129],{"class":115},[44,154751,7928],{"class":77},[44,154753,129],{"class":115},[44,154755,7933],{"class":77},[44,154757,129],{"class":115},[44,154759,50974],{"class":77},[44,154761,135],{"class":115},[44,154763,154764],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154765,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,154767,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776,154778],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154769,142],{"class":141},[44,154771,123],{"class":115},[44,154773,3771],{"class":119},[44,154775,4027],{"class":115},[44,154777,3111],{"class":77},[44,154779,4015],{"class":115},[20,154781,155],{},[35,154783,154784],{"className":37,"code":71355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154785,154786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154787,154788],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154789,71355],{"class":77},[20,154791,154792],{},"Slicing example:",[35,154794,154796],{"className":37,"code":154795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154797,154798,154822,154826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154799,154800,154802,154804,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818,154820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154801,3739],{"class":50},[44,154803,55],{"class":54},[44,154805,9375],{"class":115},[44,154807,2451],{"class":77},[44,154809,129],{"class":115},[44,154811,7928],{"class":77},[44,154813,129],{"class":115},[44,154815,7933],{"class":77},[44,154817,129],{"class":115},[44,154819,50974],{"class":77},[44,154821,135],{"class":115},[44,154823,154824],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154825,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,154827,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,154829,142],{"class":141},[44,154831,123],{"class":115},[44,154833,3771],{"class":119},[44,154835,4027],{"class":115},[44,154837,3111],{"class":77},[44,154839,790],{"class":115},[44,154841,2183],{"class":77},[44,154843,4015],{"class":115},[20,154845,155],{},[35,154847,154849],{"className":37,"code":154848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154850,154851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154852,154853,154855,154857,154859,154861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154854,123],{"class":115},[44,154856,15892],{"class":77},[44,154858,129],{"class":115},[44,154860,7933],{"class":77},[44,154862,135],{"class":115},[20,154864,154865,154866,116],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[200,154867,150787],{"href":150786},[30,154869,154871],{"id":154870},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154873,154874],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154876,154877],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154879,6825],{},[35,154881,154883],{"className":37,"code":154882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154884,154885,154917],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154886,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913,154915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154888,13213],{"class":50},[44,154890,55],{"class":54},[44,154892,9375],{"class":115},[44,154894,112],{"class":58},[44,154896,13230],{"class":62},[44,154898,112],{"class":58},[44,154900,129],{"class":115},[44,154902,59],{"class":58},[44,154904,17592],{"class":62},[44,154906,112],{"class":58},[44,154908,129],{"class":115},[44,154910,59],{"class":58},[44,154912,13247],{"class":62},[44,154914,112],{"class":58},[44,154916,135],{"class":115},[44,154918,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927,154929],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154920,142],{"class":141},[44,154922,123],{"class":115},[44,154924,17639],{"class":119},[44,154926,4027],{"class":115},[44,154928,3111],{"class":77},[44,154930,4015],{"class":115},[20,154932,154933],{},"But this does not work:",[35,154935,154937],{"className":37,"code":154936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154938,154939,154971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154940,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967,154969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154942,13213],{"class":50},[44,154944,55],{"class":54},[44,154946,9375],{"class":115},[44,154948,112],{"class":58},[44,154950,13230],{"class":62},[44,154952,112],{"class":58},[44,154954,129],{"class":115},[44,154956,59],{"class":58},[44,154958,17592],{"class":62},[44,154960,112],{"class":58},[44,154962,129],{"class":115},[44,154964,59],{"class":58},[44,154966,13247],{"class":62},[44,154968,112],{"class":58},[44,154970,135],{"class":115},[44,154972,154973,154975,154977,154979,154981,154983,154985,154987],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,154974,17639],{"class":50},[44,154976,4027],{"class":115},[44,154978,3111],{"class":77},[44,154980,13411],{"class":115},[44,154982,13414],{"class":54},[44,154984,59],{"class":58},[44,154986,22659],{"class":62},[44,154988,66],{"class":58},[20,154990,154991],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154993,154994],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[30,154996,1467],{"id":1466},[20,154998,154999],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[218,155001,155002,155008,155011,155014],{},[221,155003,132598,155004,11232,155006],{},[15,155005,3111],{},[15,155007,2240],{},[221,155009,155010],{},"Using an index that is too large",[221,155012,155013],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[221,155015,155016,155017],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155018,155019],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155021,62427],{},[35,155023,155025],{"className":37,"code":155024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155026,155027,155037,155051,155065,155081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155028,155029,155031,155033,155035],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155030,142],{"class":141},[44,155032,123],{"class":115},[44,155034,147888],{"class":119},[44,155036,135],{"class":115},[44,155038,155039,155041,155043,155045,155047,155049],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155040,142],{"class":141},[44,155042,123],{"class":115},[44,155044,11302],{"class":141},[44,155046,123],{"class":115},[44,155048,147888],{"class":119},[44,155050,567],{"class":115},[44,155052,155053,155055,155057,155059,155061,155063],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,155054,142],{"class":141},[44,155056,123],{"class":115},[44,155058,147888],{"class":119},[44,155060,4027],{"class":115},[44,155062,2240],{"class":77},[44,155064,4015],{"class":115},[44,155066,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,155068,142],{"class":141},[44,155070,123],{"class":115},[44,155072,147888],{"class":119},[44,155074,4027],{"class":115},[44,155076,2142],{"class":54},[44,155078,3111],{"class":77},[44,155080,4015],{"class":115},[44,155082,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,155084,142],{"class":141},[44,155086,123],{"class":115},[44,155088,1297],{"class":1296},[44,155090,123],{"class":115},[44,155092,147888],{"class":119},[44,155094,567],{"class":115},[20,155096,155097],{},"These can help you confirm:",[218,155099,155100,155103,155105,155108],{},[221,155101,155102],{},"what the tuple contains",[221,155104,60916],{},[221,155106,155107],{},"what the first and last items are",[221,155109,155110],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[30,155112,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,155114,155116],{"id":155115},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155118,155119,155120,116],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155121,2240],{},[1474,155123,155125],{"id":155124},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155127,189,155128,155130],{},[15,155129,65987],{}," as the index:",[35,155132,155134],{"className":37,"code":155133,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155135,155136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155137,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155139,147888],{"class":50},[44,155141,4027],{"class":115},[44,155143,2142],{"class":54},[44,155145,3111],{"class":77},[44,155147,3757],{"class":115},[1474,155149,155151],{"id":155150},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155153,155154],{},"Python raises:",[35,155156,155158],{"className":37,"code":155157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155159,155160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155161,155162,155164,155166,155168,155170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155163,70862],{"class":1296},[44,155165,790],{"class":115},[44,155167,149236],{"class":1296},[44,155169,154586],{"class":50},[44,155171,71054],{"class":141},[1474,155173,155175],{"id":155174},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155177,155178],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[30,155180,2019],{"id":2018},[218,155182,155183,155188,155192,155196,155202],{},[221,155184,155185],{},[200,155186,155187],{"href":147873},"How to create a tuple in Python",[221,155189,155190],{},[200,155191,150787],{"href":150786},[221,155193,155194],{},[200,155195,150792],{"href":149108},[221,155197,155198],{},[200,155199,26257,155200],{"href":154712},[15,155201,154715],{},[221,155203,155204],{},[200,155205,147870],{"href":147869},[2048,155207,155208],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":155210},[155211,155212,155213,155214,155215,155216,155217,155218,155219,155220,155226],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":153974,"depth":69,"text":153975},{"id":154100,"depth":69,"text":154101},{"id":154238,"depth":69,"text":154239},{"id":154365,"depth":69,"text":154366},{"id":154490,"depth":69,"text":154491},{"id":154718,"depth":69,"text":154719},{"id":154870,"depth":69,"text":154871},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":155221},[155222,155223,155224,155225],{"id":155115,"depth":81,"text":155116},{"id":155124,"depth":81,"text":155125},{"id":155150,"depth":81,"text":155151},{"id":155174,"depth":81,"text":155175},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153831,"description":155227},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155233,"title":155234,"body":155235,"description":157124,"extension":2084,"meta":157125,"navigation":84,"path":157126,"seo":157127,"stem":157128,"__hash__":157129},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155236,"toc":157081},[155237,155243,155248,155299,155303,155311,155317,155319,155335,155337,155340,155355,155357,155370,155372,155429,155433,155441,155448,155454,155460,155464,155515,155519,155527,155531,155560,155564,155572,155576,155609,155613,155621,155625,155628,155679,155683,155691,155693,155710,155714,155718,155777,155781,155789,155792,155819,155823,155831,155835,155841,155916,155920,155957,155965,155969,156032,156036,156044,156049,156053,156059,156102,156106,156114,156120,156123,156170,156174,156182,156191,156197,156252,156256,156264,156267,156271,156273,156304,156308,156327,156330,156375,156379,156402,156408,156413,156415,156462,156467,156470,156518,156522,156530,156534,156539,156543,156593,156597,156612,156616,156674,156678,156693,156697,156768,156772,156781,156785,156864,156868,156890,156898,156900,156903,156928,156930,156983,156985,157002,157004,157008,157014,157019,157024,157028,157033,157037,157042,157048,157051,157053,157078],[10,155238,155240,155241,3784],{"id":155239},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155242,11302],{},[20,155244,189,155245,155247],{},[15,155246,42498],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,155249,155251],{"className":37,"code":155250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155252,155253,155285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155254,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271,155273,155275,155277,155279,155281,155283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155256,13213],{"class":50},[44,155258,55],{"class":54},[44,155260,9375],{"class":115},[44,155262,112],{"class":58},[44,155264,13230],{"class":62},[44,155266,112],{"class":58},[44,155268,129],{"class":115},[44,155270,59],{"class":58},[44,155272,17592],{"class":62},[44,155274,112],{"class":58},[44,155276,129],{"class":115},[44,155278,59],{"class":58},[44,155280,13247],{"class":62},[44,155282,112],{"class":58},[44,155284,135],{"class":115},[44,155286,155287,155289,155291,155293,155295,155297],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155288,142],{"class":141},[44,155290,123],{"class":115},[44,155292,11302],{"class":141},[44,155294,123],{"class":115},[44,155296,17639],{"class":119},[44,155298,567],{"class":115},[20,155300,155301],{},[153,155302,155],{},[35,155304,155305],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155306,155307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155308,155309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155310,46748],{"class":77},[20,155312,189,155313,155316],{},[15,155314,155315],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[30,155318,15300],{"id":15299},[218,155320,155321,155326,155330,155333],{},[221,155322,4327,155323,155325],{},[15,155324,42498],{}," works with tuples",[221,155327,68389,155328,11845],{},[15,155329,42498],{},[221,155331,155332],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[221,155334,4648],{},[30,155336,351],{"id":350},[20,155338,155339],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,155341,155343],{"className":37,"code":155342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155344,155345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155346,155347,155349,155351,155353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155348,11302],{"class":141},[44,155350,123],{"class":115},[44,155352,147888],{"class":119},[44,155354,135],{"class":115},[20,155356,11598],{},[218,155358,155359,155362,155365],{},[221,155360,155361],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[221,155363,155364],{},"The result is an integer",[221,155366,155367,155369],{},[15,155368,42498],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155371,238],{},[35,155373,155375],{"className":37,"code":155374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155376,155377,155401,155415,155419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155378,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397,155399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155380,3739],{"class":50},[44,155382,55],{"class":54},[44,155384,9375],{"class":115},[44,155386,2451],{"class":77},[44,155388,129],{"class":115},[44,155390,7928],{"class":77},[44,155392,129],{"class":115},[44,155394,7933],{"class":77},[44,155396,129],{"class":115},[44,155398,50974],{"class":77},[44,155400,135],{"class":115},[44,155402,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155404,41379],{"class":50},[44,155406,55],{"class":54},[44,155408,38523],{"class":141},[44,155410,123],{"class":115},[44,155412,3771],{"class":119},[44,155414,135],{"class":115},[44,155416,155417],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,155418,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,155420,155421,155423,155425,155427],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,155422,142],{"class":141},[44,155424,123],{"class":115},[44,155426,41397],{"class":119},[44,155428,135],{"class":115},[20,155430,155431],{},[153,155432,155],{},[35,155434,155435],{"className":37,"code":48781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155436,155437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155438,155439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155440,48781],{"class":77},[20,155442,155443,155444,116],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[200,155445,1013,155446,1017],{"href":42495},[15,155447,42498],{},[30,155449,3802,155451,155453],{"id":155450},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155452,42498],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155455,155456,155457,155459],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155458,42498],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1474,155461,155463],{"id":155462},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,155465,155467],{"className":37,"code":155466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155468,155469,155501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155470,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497,155499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155472,36376],{"class":50},[44,155474,55],{"class":54},[44,155476,9375],{"class":115},[44,155478,112],{"class":58},[44,155480,4207],{"class":62},[44,155482,112],{"class":58},[44,155484,129],{"class":115},[44,155486,59],{"class":58},[44,155488,4216],{"class":62},[44,155490,112],{"class":58},[44,155492,129],{"class":115},[44,155494,59],{"class":58},[44,155496,33357],{"class":62},[44,155498,112],{"class":58},[44,155500,135],{"class":115},[44,155502,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155504,142],{"class":141},[44,155506,123],{"class":115},[44,155508,11302],{"class":141},[44,155510,123],{"class":115},[44,155512,36428],{"class":119},[44,155514,567],{"class":115},[20,155516,155517],{},[153,155518,155],{},[35,155520,155521],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155522,155523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155524,155525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155526,46748],{"class":77},[1474,155528,155530],{"id":155529},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,155532,155534],{"className":37,"code":155533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155535,155536,155545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155537,155538,155541,155543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155539,155540],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,155542,55],{"class":54},[44,155544,149212],{"class":115},[44,155546,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155558],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155548,142],{"class":141},[44,155550,123],{"class":115},[44,155552,11302],{"class":141},[44,155554,123],{"class":115},[44,155556,155557],{"class":119},"empty_tuple",[44,155559,567],{"class":115},[20,155561,155562],{},[153,155563,155],{},[35,155565,155566],{"className":37,"code":47383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155567,155568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155569,155570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155571,47383],{"class":77},[1474,155573,155575],{"id":155574},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,155577,155579],{"className":37,"code":155578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155580,155581,155594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155582,155583,155586,155588,155590,155592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155584,155585],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,155587,55],{"class":54},[44,155589,9375],{"class":115},[44,155591,2257],{"class":77},[44,155593,149226],{"class":115},[44,155595,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604,155607],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155597,142],{"class":141},[44,155599,123],{"class":115},[44,155601,11302],{"class":141},[44,155603,123],{"class":115},[44,155605,155606],{"class":119},"single_value",[44,155608,567],{"class":115},[20,155610,155611],{},[153,155612,155],{},[35,155614,155615],{"className":37,"code":47048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155616,155617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155618,155619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155620,47048],{"class":77},[1474,155622,155624],{"id":155623},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155626,155627],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,155629,155631],{"className":37,"code":155630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155632,155633,155665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155634,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661,155663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155636,9306],{"class":50},[44,155638,55],{"class":54},[44,155640,9375],{"class":115},[44,155642,3111],{"class":77},[44,155644,129],{"class":115},[44,155646,9375],{"class":115},[44,155648,2177],{"class":77},[44,155650,129],{"class":115},[44,155652,2573],{"class":77},[44,155654,9372],{"class":115},[44,155656,3744],{"class":115},[44,155658,2626],{"class":77},[44,155660,129],{"class":115},[44,155662,4735],{"class":77},[44,155664,4015],{"class":115},[44,155666,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675,155677],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155668,142],{"class":141},[44,155670,123],{"class":115},[44,155672,11302],{"class":141},[44,155674,123],{"class":115},[44,155676,9343],{"class":119},[44,155678,567],{"class":115},[20,155680,155681],{},[153,155682,155],{},[35,155684,155685],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155686,155687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155688,155689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155690,46748],{"class":77},[20,155692,20094],{},[218,155694,155695,155700,155705],{},[221,155696,155697,155699],{},[15,155698,3111],{}," is one item",[221,155701,155702,155699],{},[15,155703,155704],{},"(2, 3)",[221,155706,155707,155699],{},[15,155708,155709],{},"[4, 5]",[30,155711,155713],{"id":155712},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1474,155715,155717],{"id":155716},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,155719,155721],{"className":37,"code":155720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155722,155723,155763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155724,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759,155761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155726,13213],{"class":50},[44,155728,55],{"class":54},[44,155730,9375],{"class":115},[44,155732,112],{"class":58},[44,155734,13230],{"class":62},[44,155736,112],{"class":58},[44,155738,129],{"class":115},[44,155740,59],{"class":58},[44,155742,17592],{"class":62},[44,155744,112],{"class":58},[44,155746,129],{"class":115},[44,155748,59],{"class":58},[44,155750,13247],{"class":62},[44,155752,112],{"class":58},[44,155754,129],{"class":115},[44,155756,59],{"class":58},[44,155758,22659],{"class":62},[44,155760,112],{"class":58},[44,155762,135],{"class":115},[44,155764,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773,155775],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155766,142],{"class":141},[44,155768,123],{"class":115},[44,155770,11302],{"class":141},[44,155772,123],{"class":115},[44,155774,17639],{"class":119},[44,155776,567],{"class":115},[20,155778,155779],{},[153,155780,155],{},[35,155782,155783],{"className":37,"code":48781,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155784,155785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155786,155787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155788,48781],{"class":77},[1474,155790,155530],{"id":155791},"empty-tuple-1",[35,155793,155795],{"className":37,"code":155794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155796,155797,155805],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155798,155799,155801,155803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155800,7917],{"class":50},[44,155802,55],{"class":54},[44,155804,149212],{"class":115},[44,155806,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815,155817],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155808,142],{"class":141},[44,155810,123],{"class":115},[44,155812,11302],{"class":141},[44,155814,123],{"class":115},[44,155816,7948],{"class":119},[44,155818,567],{"class":115},[20,155820,155821],{},[153,155822,155],{},[35,155824,155825],{"className":37,"code":47383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155826,155827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155828,155829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155830,47383],{"class":77},[1474,155832,155834],{"id":155833},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155836,155837,155838,155840],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[153,155839,4761],{}," always a tuple.",[35,155842,155844],{"className":37,"code":155843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155845,155846,155858,155870,155874,155888,155902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155847,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155849,2676],{"class":50},[44,155851,55],{"class":54},[44,155853,9375],{"class":115},[44,155855,2257],{"class":77},[44,155857,135],{"class":115},[44,155859,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155861,2704],{"class":50},[44,155863,55],{"class":54},[44,155865,9375],{"class":115},[44,155867,2257],{"class":77},[44,155869,149226],{"class":115},[44,155871,155872],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,155873,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,155875,155876,155878,155880,155882,155884,155886],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,155877,142],{"class":141},[44,155879,123],{"class":115},[44,155881,1297],{"class":1296},[44,155883,123],{"class":115},[44,155885,200],{"class":119},[44,155887,567],{"class":115},[44,155889,155890,155892,155894,155896,155898,155900],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,155891,142],{"class":141},[44,155893,123],{"class":115},[44,155895,1297],{"class":1296},[44,155897,123],{"class":115},[44,155899,4891],{"class":119},[44,155901,567],{"class":115},[44,155903,155904,155906,155908,155910,155912,155914],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,155905,142],{"class":141},[44,155907,123],{"class":115},[44,155909,11302],{"class":141},[44,155911,123],{"class":115},[44,155913,4891],{"class":119},[44,155915,567],{"class":115},[20,155917,155918],{},[153,155919,155],{},[35,155921,155923],{"className":37,"code":155922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155924,155925,155939,155953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155926,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155928,1326],{"class":54},[44,155930,1329],{"class":1075},[44,155932,1332],{"class":58},[44,155934,2309],{"class":62},[44,155936,1338],{"class":58},[44,155938,1341],{"class":54},[44,155940,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949,155951],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,155942,1326],{"class":54},[44,155944,1329],{"class":1075},[44,155946,1332],{"class":58},[44,155948,49084],{"class":62},[44,155950,1338],{"class":58},[44,155952,1341],{"class":54},[44,155954,155955],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,155956,47048],{"class":77},[20,155958,155959,155960,536,155963,116],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[200,155961,155962],{"href":147873},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[200,155964,149174],{"href":149173},[1474,155966,155968],{"id":155967},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,155970,155972],{"className":37,"code":155971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155973,155974,156018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155975,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155977,59604],{"class":50},[44,155979,55],{"class":54},[44,155981,9375],{"class":115},[44,155983,112],{"class":58},[44,155985,4207],{"class":62},[44,155987,112],{"class":58},[44,155989,129],{"class":115},[44,155991,3744],{"class":115},[44,155993,3111],{"class":77},[44,155995,129],{"class":115},[44,155997,3116],{"class":77},[44,155999,18199],{"class":115},[44,156001,9375],{"class":115},[44,156003,112],{"class":58},[44,156005,2294],{"class":62},[44,156007,112],{"class":58},[44,156009,129],{"class":115},[44,156011,59],{"class":58},[44,156013,11885],{"class":62},[44,156015,112],{"class":58},[44,156017,567],{"class":115},[44,156019,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028,156030],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156021,142],{"class":141},[44,156023,123],{"class":115},[44,156025,11302],{"class":141},[44,156027,123],{"class":115},[44,156029,59657],{"class":119},[44,156031,567],{"class":115},[20,156033,156034],{},[153,156035,155],{},[35,156037,156038],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156039,156040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156041,156042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156043,46748],{"class":77},[20,156045,156046,156048],{},[15,156047,42498],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[30,156050,156052],{"id":156051},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1474,156054,156056,156058],{"id":156055},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156057,42498],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,156060,156062],{"className":37,"code":156061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156063,156064,156088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156065,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084,156086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156067,4198],{"class":50},[44,156069,55],{"class":54},[44,156071,9375],{"class":115},[44,156073,112],{"class":58},[44,156075,63728],{"class":62},[44,156077,112],{"class":58},[44,156079,129],{"class":115},[44,156081,59],{"class":58},[44,156083,39],{"class":62},[44,156085,112],{"class":58},[44,156087,135],{"class":115},[44,156089,156090,156092,156094,156096,156098,156100],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156091,142],{"class":141},[44,156093,123],{"class":115},[44,156095,11302],{"class":141},[44,156097,123],{"class":115},[44,156099,4242],{"class":119},[44,156101,567],{"class":115},[20,156103,156104],{},[153,156105,155],{},[35,156107,156108],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156109,156110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156111,156112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156113,17194],{"class":77},[20,156115,156116,156117,156119],{},"This result is ",[15,156118,2177],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156121,156122],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,156124,156126],{"className":37,"code":156125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156127,156128,156152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156129,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140,156142,156144,156146,156148,156150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156131,4198],{"class":50},[44,156133,55],{"class":54},[44,156135,9375],{"class":115},[44,156137,112],{"class":58},[44,156139,63728],{"class":62},[44,156141,112],{"class":58},[44,156143,129],{"class":115},[44,156145,59],{"class":58},[44,156147,39],{"class":62},[44,156149,112],{"class":58},[44,156151,135],{"class":115},[44,156153,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164,156166,156168],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156155,142],{"class":141},[44,156157,123],{"class":115},[44,156159,11302],{"class":141},[44,156161,123],{"class":115},[44,156163,4242],{"class":119},[44,156165,4027],{"class":115},[44,156167,2240],{"class":77},[44,156169,3123],{"class":115},[20,156171,156172],{},[153,156173,155],{},[35,156175,156176],{"className":37,"code":17194,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156177,156178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156179,156180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156181,17194],{"class":77},[20,156183,20908,156184,156187,156188,116],{},[15,156185,156186],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156189,156190],{},"\"hi\"",[1474,156192,156194,156196],{"id":156193},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156195,42498],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,156198,156200],{"className":37,"code":156199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156201,156202,156238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156203,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232,156234,156236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156205,3948],{"class":50},[44,156207,55],{"class":54},[44,156209,10133],{"class":115},[44,156211,3111],{"class":77},[44,156213,129],{"class":115},[44,156215,3116],{"class":77},[44,156217,9372],{"class":115},[44,156219,9375],{"class":115},[44,156221,2183],{"class":77},[44,156223,129],{"class":115},[44,156225,2579],{"class":77},[44,156227,9372],{"class":115},[44,156229,9375],{"class":115},[44,156231,2257],{"class":77},[44,156233,129],{"class":115},[44,156235,37780],{"class":77},[44,156237,567],{"class":115},[44,156239,156240,156242,156244,156246,156248,156250],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156241,142],{"class":141},[44,156243,123],{"class":115},[44,156245,11302],{"class":141},[44,156247,123],{"class":115},[44,156249,5492],{"class":119},[44,156251,567],{"class":115},[20,156253,156254],{},[153,156255,155],{},[35,156257,156258],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156259,156260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156261,156262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156263,46748],{"class":77},[20,156265,156266],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1474,156268,156270],{"id":156269},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156272,25825],{},[35,156274,156276],{"className":37,"code":156275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156277,156278,156290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156279,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156281,2568],{"class":50},[44,156283,55],{"class":54},[44,156285,9375],{"class":115},[44,156287,2451],{"class":77},[44,156289,135],{"class":115},[44,156291,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300,156302],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156293,142],{"class":141},[44,156295,123],{"class":115},[44,156297,1297],{"class":1296},[44,156299,123],{"class":115},[44,156301,379],{"class":119},[44,156303,567],{"class":115},[20,156305,156306],{},[153,156307,155],{},[35,156309,156311],{"className":37,"code":156310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156312,156313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156314,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323,156325],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156316,1326],{"class":54},[44,156318,1329],{"class":1075},[44,156320,1332],{"class":58},[44,156322,2309],{"class":62},[44,156324,1338],{"class":58},[44,156326,1341],{"class":54},[20,156328,156329],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,156331,156333],{"className":37,"code":156332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156334,156335,156347,156361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156336,156337,156339,156341,156343,156345],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156338,2568],{"class":50},[44,156340,55],{"class":54},[44,156342,9375],{"class":115},[44,156344,2451],{"class":77},[44,156346,149226],{"class":115},[44,156348,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357,156359],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156350,142],{"class":141},[44,156352,123],{"class":115},[44,156354,1297],{"class":1296},[44,156356,123],{"class":115},[44,156358,379],{"class":119},[44,156360,567],{"class":115},[44,156362,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,156364,142],{"class":141},[44,156366,123],{"class":115},[44,156368,11302],{"class":141},[44,156370,123],{"class":115},[44,156372,379],{"class":119},[44,156374,567],{"class":115},[20,156376,156377],{},[153,156378,155],{},[35,156380,156382],{"className":37,"code":156381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156383,156384,156398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156385,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394,156396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156387,1326],{"class":54},[44,156389,1329],{"class":1075},[44,156391,1332],{"class":58},[44,156393,49084],{"class":62},[44,156395,1338],{"class":58},[44,156397,1341],{"class":54},[44,156399,156400],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156401,47048],{"class":77},[1474,156403,156405,156407],{"id":156404},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156406,11302],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156409,44563,156410,156412],{},[15,156411,11302],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156414,44594],{},[35,156416,156418],{"className":37,"code":156417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156419,156420,156428,156448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156421,156422,156424,156426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156423,11302],{"class":141},[44,156425,13414],{"class":54},[44,156427,2709],{"class":77},[44,156429,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444,156446],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156431,3739],{"class":50},[44,156433,55],{"class":54},[44,156435,9375],{"class":115},[44,156437,3111],{"class":77},[44,156439,129],{"class":115},[44,156441,3116],{"class":77},[44,156443,129],{"class":115},[44,156445,2573],{"class":77},[44,156447,135],{"class":115},[44,156449,156450,156452,156454,156456,156458,156460],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,156451,142],{"class":141},[44,156453,123],{"class":115},[44,156455,11302],{"class":141},[44,156457,123],{"class":115},[44,156459,3771],{"class":119},[44,156461,567],{"class":115},[20,156463,39791,156464,156466],{},[15,156465,11302],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156468,156469],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,156471,156473],{"className":37,"code":156472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156474,156475,156484,156504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156476,156477,156480,156482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156478,156479],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,156481,55],{"class":54},[44,156483,2709],{"class":77},[44,156485,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500,156502],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156487,3739],{"class":50},[44,156489,55],{"class":54},[44,156491,9375],{"class":115},[44,156493,3111],{"class":77},[44,156495,129],{"class":115},[44,156497,3116],{"class":77},[44,156499,129],{"class":115},[44,156501,2573],{"class":77},[44,156503,135],{"class":115},[44,156505,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514,156516],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,156507,142],{"class":141},[44,156509,123],{"class":115},[44,156511,11302],{"class":141},[44,156513,123],{"class":115},[44,156515,3771],{"class":119},[44,156517,567],{"class":115},[20,156519,156520],{},[153,156521,155],{},[35,156523,156524],{"className":37,"code":46748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156525,156526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156527,156528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156529,46748],{"class":77},[30,156531,156533],{"id":156532},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156535,156536,156538],{},[15,156537,42498],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1474,156540,156542],{"id":156541},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,156544,156546],{"className":37,"code":156545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156547,156548,156556,156560,156578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156549,156550,156552,156554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156551,7917],{"class":50},[44,156553,55],{"class":54},[44,156555,149212],{"class":115},[44,156557,156558],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156559,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,156561,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574,156576],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,156563,7135],{"class":4003},[44,156565,38523],{"class":141},[44,156567,123],{"class":115},[44,156569,7948],{"class":119},[44,156571,3784],{"class":115},[44,156573,6545],{"class":54},[44,156575,3959],{"class":77},[44,156577,6530],{"class":115},[44,156579,156580,156582,156584,156586,156589,156591],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,156581,8206],{"class":141},[44,156583,123],{"class":115},[44,156585,112],{"class":58},[44,156587,156588],{"class":62},"The tuple is empty",[44,156590,112],{"class":58},[44,156592,135],{"class":115},[20,156594,156595],{},[153,156596,155],{},[35,156598,156600],{"className":37,"code":156599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156601,156602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156603,156604,156606,156608,156610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156605,213],{"class":50},[44,156607,49084],{"class":1296},[44,156609,8234],{"class":54},[44,156611,8240],{"class":50},[1474,156613,156615],{"id":156614},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,156617,156619],{"className":37,"code":156618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156620,156621,156637,156641,156659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156622,156623,156625,156627,156629,156631,156633,156635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156624,51515],{"class":50},[44,156626,55],{"class":54},[44,156628,9375],{"class":115},[44,156630,2626],{"class":77},[44,156632,129],{"class":115},[44,156634,6129],{"class":77},[44,156636,135],{"class":115},[44,156638,156639],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156640,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,156642,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651,156653,156655,156657],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,156644,7135],{"class":4003},[44,156646,38523],{"class":141},[44,156648,123],{"class":115},[44,156650,51540],{"class":119},[44,156652,3784],{"class":115},[44,156654,6545],{"class":54},[44,156656,3116],{"class":77},[44,156658,6530],{"class":115},[44,156660,156661,156663,156665,156667,156670,156672],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,156662,8206],{"class":141},[44,156664,123],{"class":115},[44,156666,112],{"class":58},[44,156668,156669],{"class":62},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,156671,112],{"class":58},[44,156673,135],{"class":115},[20,156675,156676],{},[153,156677,155],{},[35,156679,156681],{"className":37,"code":156680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156682,156683],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156684,156685,156688,156690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156686,156687],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,156689,129],{"class":115},[44,156691,156692],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[1474,156694,156696],{"id":156695},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,156698,156700],{"className":37,"code":156699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156701,156702,156731,156735,156753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156703,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720,156722,156724,156727,156729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156705,11628],{"class":50},[44,156707,55],{"class":54},[44,156709,9375],{"class":115},[44,156711,112],{"class":58},[44,156713,833],{"class":62},[44,156715,112],{"class":58},[44,156717,129],{"class":115},[44,156719,9444],{"class":77},[44,156721,129],{"class":115},[44,156723,59],{"class":58},[44,156725,156726],{"class":62},"Canada",[44,156728,112],{"class":58},[44,156730,135],{"class":115},[44,156732,156733],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156734,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,156736,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,156738,7135],{"class":4003},[44,156740,38523],{"class":141},[44,156742,123],{"class":115},[44,156744,11721],{"class":119},[44,156746,3784],{"class":115},[44,156748,6545],{"class":54},[44,156750,2573],{"class":77},[44,156752,6530],{"class":115},[44,156754,156755,156757,156759,156761,156764,156766],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,156756,8206],{"class":141},[44,156758,123],{"class":115},[44,156760,112],{"class":58},[44,156762,156763],{"class":62},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,156765,112],{"class":58},[44,156767,135],{"class":115},[20,156769,156770],{},[153,156771,155],{},[35,156773,156775],{"className":37,"code":156774,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156776,156777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156778,156779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156780,156774],{"class":50},[1474,156782,156784],{"id":156783},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,156786,156788],{"className":37,"code":156787,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156789,156790,156822,156826,156846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156791,156792,156794,156796,156798,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818,156820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156793,36227],{"class":50},[44,156795,55],{"class":54},[44,156797,9375],{"class":115},[44,156799,112],{"class":58},[44,156801,200],{"class":62},[44,156803,112],{"class":58},[44,156805,129],{"class":115},[44,156807,59],{"class":58},[44,156809,4891],{"class":62},[44,156811,112],{"class":58},[44,156813,129],{"class":115},[44,156815,59],{"class":58},[44,156817,9878],{"class":62},[44,156819,112],{"class":58},[44,156821,135],{"class":115},[44,156823,156824],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156825,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,156827,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,156829,6093],{"class":4003},[44,156831,69679],{"class":50},[44,156833,887],{"class":4003},[44,156835,54200],{"class":141},[44,156837,123],{"class":115},[44,156839,11302],{"class":141},[44,156841,123],{"class":115},[44,156843,36280],{"class":119},[44,156845,69694],{"class":115},[44,156847,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,156849,8206],{"class":141},[44,156851,123],{"class":115},[44,156853,36291],{"class":119},[44,156855,129],{"class":115},[44,156857,70227],{"class":119},[44,156859,4027],{"class":115},[44,156861,36291],{"class":119},[44,156863,4015],{"class":115},[20,156865,156866],{},[153,156867,155],{},[35,156869,156870],{"className":37,"code":36303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156871,156872,156878,156884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156873,156874,156876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156875,2240],{"class":77},[44,156877,36312],{"class":50},[44,156879,156880,156882],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156881,3111],{"class":77},[44,156883,36319],{"class":50},[44,156885,156886,156888],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,156887,2177],{"class":77},[44,156889,36326],{"class":50},[20,156891,156892,156893,156895,156896,116],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[200,156894,149543],{"href":149542},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[200,156897,150787],{"href":150786},[30,156899,1467],{"id":1466},[20,156901,156902],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[218,156904,156905,156913,156920,156925],{},[221,156906,156907,156908,11232,156911],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156909,156910],{},"(5)",[15,156912,149377],{},[221,156914,8556,156915,156917,156918],{},[15,156916,11302],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156919,42498],{},[221,156921,1707,156922,156924],{},[15,156923,42498],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[221,156926,156927],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156929,32219],{},[35,156931,156933],{"className":37,"code":156932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156934,156935,156945,156959,156973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156936,156937,156939,156941,156943],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156938,142],{"class":141},[44,156940,123],{"class":115},[44,156942,147888],{"class":119},[44,156944,135],{"class":115},[44,156946,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955,156957],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,156948,142],{"class":141},[44,156950,123],{"class":115},[44,156952,1297],{"class":1296},[44,156954,123],{"class":115},[44,156956,147888],{"class":119},[44,156958,567],{"class":115},[44,156960,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969,156971],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,156962,142],{"class":141},[44,156964,123],{"class":115},[44,156966,11302],{"class":141},[44,156968,123],{"class":115},[44,156970,147888],{"class":119},[44,156972,567],{"class":115},[44,156974,156975,156977,156979,156981],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,156976,1934],{"class":141},[44,156978,123],{"class":115},[44,156980,11302],{"class":141},[44,156982,135],{"class":115},[20,156984,155097],{},[218,156986,156987,156990,156993,156997],{},[221,156988,156989],{},"what value you are using",[221,156991,156992],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[221,156994,26154,156995,11845],{},[15,156996,42498],{},[221,156998,123493,156999,157001],{},[15,157000,42498],{}," is documented in Python",[30,157003,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,157005,157007],{"id":157006},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157009,189,157010,157013],{},[15,157011,157012],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1474,157015,12844,157017,149047],{"id":157016},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157018,42498],{},[20,157020,46498,157021,157023],{},[15,157022,42498],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1474,157025,157027],{"id":157026},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157029,157030,157031,116],{},"The length is ",[15,157032,2240],{},[1474,157034,157036],{"id":157035},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157038,150733,157039,157041],{},[15,157040,150736],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1474,157043,12844,157045,157047],{"id":157044},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157046,42498],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157049,157050],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[30,157052,2019],{"id":2018},[218,157054,157055,157061,157065,157069,157073],{},[221,157056,157057],{},[200,157058,1013,157059,1017],{"href":42495},[15,157060,42498],{},[221,157062,157063],{},[200,157064,155962],{"href":147873},[221,157066,157067],{},[200,157068,149543],{"href":149542},[221,157070,157071],{},[200,157072,150787],{"href":150786},[221,157074,157075],{},[200,157076,157077],{"href":149173},"What is a tuple in Python",[2048,157079,157080],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":157082},[157083,157084,157085,157092,157098,157107,157113,157114,157123],{"id":15299,"depth":69,"text":15300},{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":155450,"depth":69,"text":157086,"children":157087},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157088,157089,157090,157091],{"id":155462,"depth":81,"text":155463},{"id":155529,"depth":81,"text":155530},{"id":155574,"depth":81,"text":155575},{"id":155623,"depth":81,"text":155624},{"id":155712,"depth":69,"text":155713,"children":157093},[157094,157095,157096,157097],{"id":155716,"depth":81,"text":155717},{"id":155791,"depth":81,"text":155530},{"id":155833,"depth":81,"text":155834},{"id":155967,"depth":81,"text":155968},{"id":156051,"depth":69,"text":156052,"children":157099},[157100,157102,157104,157105],{"id":156055,"depth":81,"text":157101},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156193,"depth":81,"text":157103},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156269,"depth":81,"text":156270},{"id":156404,"depth":81,"text":157106},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156532,"depth":69,"text":156533,"children":157108},[157109,157110,157111,157112],{"id":156541,"depth":81,"text":156542},{"id":156614,"depth":81,"text":156615},{"id":156695,"depth":81,"text":156696},{"id":156783,"depth":81,"text":156784},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":157115},[157116,157117,157119,157120,157121],{"id":157006,"depth":81,"text":157007},{"id":157016,"depth":81,"text":157118},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157026,"depth":81,"text":157027},{"id":157035,"depth":81,"text":157036},{"id":157044,"depth":81,"text":157122},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155234,"description":157124},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157131,"title":157132,"body":157133,"description":159518,"extension":2084,"meta":159519,"navigation":84,"path":159520,"seo":159521,"stem":159522,"__hash__":159523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157134,"toc":159479},[157135,157138,157141,157144,157167,157173,157175,157286,157290,157293,157303,157305,157404,157406,157483,157489,157493,157496,157519,157522,157539,157542,157544,157607,157609,157626,157637,157642,157644,157647,157653,157704,157706,157726,157730,157781,157783,157804,157808,157863,157865,157886,157890,157945,157947,157968,157972,158025,158027,158056,158058,158060,158063,158067,158124,158126,158147,158151,158204,158206,158231,158236,158240,158245,158263,158266,158329,158331,158352,158355,158416,158418,158439,158442,158485,158488,158492,158497,158501,158580,158582,158613,158617,158692,158694,158721,158725,158772,158774,158782,158787,158791,158794,158809,158811,158899,158901,158926,158929,158972,158981,158983,158986,159001,159004,159008,159062,159064,159084,159089,159093,159095,159133,159136,159186,159190,159263,159265,159302,159305,159307,159310,159330,159333,159402,159404,159417,159419,159423,159426,159430,159433,159438,159441,159447,159452,159454,159476],[10,157136,157132],{"id":157137},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157139,157140],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157142,157143],{},"Use this format:",[35,157145,157147],{"className":37,"code":157146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157148,157149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157150,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157152,49084],{"class":50},[44,157154,4027],{"class":115},[44,157156,36209],{"class":50},[44,157158,790],{"class":115},[44,157160,75557],{"class":50},[44,157162,790],{"class":115},[44,157164,75560],{"class":50},[44,157166,3757],{"class":115},[20,157168,213,157169,75593,157171,116],{},[15,157170,75557],{},[153,157172,65202],{},[30,157174,33],{"id":32},[35,157176,157178],{"className":37,"code":157177,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157179,157180,157208,157212,157233,157250,157267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157181,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204,157206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157183,3739],{"class":50},[44,157185,55],{"class":54},[44,157187,9375],{"class":115},[44,157189,2451],{"class":77},[44,157191,129],{"class":115},[44,157193,7928],{"class":77},[44,157195,129],{"class":115},[44,157197,7933],{"class":77},[44,157199,129],{"class":115},[44,157201,50974],{"class":77},[44,157203,129],{"class":115},[44,157205,5212],{"class":77},[44,157207,135],{"class":115},[44,157209,157210],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157211,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,157213,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,157215,142],{"class":141},[44,157217,123],{"class":115},[44,157219,3771],{"class":119},[44,157221,4027],{"class":115},[44,157223,3111],{"class":77},[44,157225,790],{"class":115},[44,157227,2626],{"class":77},[44,157229,20583],{"class":115},[44,157231,157232],{"class":3787},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,157234,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,157236,142],{"class":141},[44,157238,123],{"class":115},[44,157240,3771],{"class":119},[44,157242,75666],{"class":115},[44,157244,2183],{"class":77},[44,157246,20583],{"class":115},[44,157248,157249],{"class":3787},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,157251,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,157253,142],{"class":141},[44,157255,123],{"class":115},[44,157257,3771],{"class":119},[44,157259,74253],{"class":115},[44,157261,2177],{"class":77},[44,157263,20583],{"class":115},[44,157265,157266],{"class":3787},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,157268,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,157270,142],{"class":141},[44,157272,123],{"class":115},[44,157274,3771],{"class":119},[44,157276,74253],{"class":115},[44,157278,2142],{"class":54},[44,157280,3111],{"class":77},[44,157282,20583],{"class":115},[44,157284,157285],{"class":3787},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,157287,157289],{"id":157288},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157291,157292],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[218,157294,157295,157297,157300],{},[221,157296,75860],{},[221,157298,157299],{},"The result is a new tuple",[221,157301,157302],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157304,238],{},[35,157306,157308],{"className":37,"code":157307,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157309,157310,157358,157362,157380,157384,157394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157311,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157313,36227],{"class":50},[44,157315,55],{"class":54},[44,157317,9375],{"class":115},[44,157319,112],{"class":58},[44,157321,200],{"class":62},[44,157323,112],{"class":58},[44,157325,129],{"class":115},[44,157327,59],{"class":58},[44,157329,4891],{"class":62},[44,157331,112],{"class":58},[44,157333,129],{"class":115},[44,157335,59],{"class":58},[44,157337,9878],{"class":62},[44,157339,112],{"class":58},[44,157341,129],{"class":115},[44,157343,59],{"class":58},[44,157345,18905],{"class":62},[44,157347,112],{"class":58},[44,157349,129],{"class":115},[44,157351,59],{"class":58},[44,157353,60579],{"class":62},[44,157355,112],{"class":58},[44,157357,135],{"class":115},[44,157359,157360],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157361,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,157363,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376,157378],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,157365,75790],{"class":50},[44,157367,55],{"class":54},[44,157369,70227],{"class":50},[44,157371,4027],{"class":115},[44,157373,3111],{"class":77},[44,157375,790],{"class":115},[44,157377,2626],{"class":77},[44,157379,3757],{"class":115},[44,157381,157382],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,157383,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,157385,157386,157388,157390,157392],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,157387,142],{"class":141},[44,157389,123],{"class":115},[44,157391,75813],{"class":119},[44,157393,135],{"class":115},[44,157395,157396,157398,157400,157402],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,157397,142],{"class":141},[44,157399,123],{"class":115},[44,157401,36280],{"class":119},[44,157403,135],{"class":115},[20,157405,155],{},[35,157407,157409],{"className":37,"code":157408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157410,157411,157439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157412,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157414,123],{"class":115},[44,157416,1338],{"class":58},[44,157418,4891],{"class":62},[44,157420,1338],{"class":58},[44,157422,129],{"class":115},[44,157424,1332],{"class":58},[44,157426,9878],{"class":62},[44,157428,1338],{"class":58},[44,157430,129],{"class":115},[44,157432,1332],{"class":58},[44,157434,18905],{"class":62},[44,157436,1338],{"class":58},[44,157438,135],{"class":115},[44,157440,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157442,123],{"class":115},[44,157444,1338],{"class":58},[44,157446,200],{"class":62},[44,157448,1338],{"class":58},[44,157450,129],{"class":115},[44,157452,1332],{"class":58},[44,157454,4891],{"class":62},[44,157456,1338],{"class":58},[44,157458,129],{"class":115},[44,157460,1332],{"class":58},[44,157462,9878],{"class":62},[44,157464,1338],{"class":58},[44,157466,129],{"class":115},[44,157468,1332],{"class":58},[44,157470,18905],{"class":62},[44,157472,1338],{"class":58},[44,157474,129],{"class":115},[44,157476,1332],{"class":58},[44,157478,60579],{"class":62},[44,157480,1338],{"class":58},[44,157482,135],{"class":115},[20,157484,157485,157486,116],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[200,157487,147870],{"href":157488},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[30,157490,157492],{"id":157491},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157494,157495],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,157497,157499],{"className":37,"code":157498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157500,157501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157502,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157504,147888],{"class":50},[44,157506,4027],{"class":115},[44,157508,36209],{"class":50},[44,157510,790],{"class":115},[44,157512,75557],{"class":50},[44,157514,790],{"class":115},[44,157516,75560],{"class":50},[44,157518,3757],{"class":115},[20,157520,157521],{},"Each part has a job:",[218,157523,157524,157529,157534],{},[221,157525,157526,157528],{},[15,157527,36209],{},": where slicing begins",[221,157530,157531,157533],{},[15,157532,75557],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[221,157535,157536,157538],{},[15,157537,75560],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157540,157541],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157543,238],{},[35,157545,157547],{"className":37,"code":157546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157548,157549,157581,157585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157550,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157552,3739],{"class":50},[44,157554,55],{"class":54},[44,157556,9375],{"class":115},[44,157558,2451],{"class":77},[44,157560,129],{"class":115},[44,157562,7928],{"class":77},[44,157564,129],{"class":115},[44,157566,7933],{"class":77},[44,157568,129],{"class":115},[44,157570,50974],{"class":77},[44,157572,129],{"class":115},[44,157574,5212],{"class":77},[44,157576,129],{"class":115},[44,157578,76231],{"class":77},[44,157580,135],{"class":115},[44,157582,157583],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157584,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,157586,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,157588,142],{"class":141},[44,157590,123],{"class":115},[44,157592,3771],{"class":119},[44,157594,4027],{"class":115},[44,157596,3111],{"class":77},[44,157598,790],{"class":115},[44,157600,2257],{"class":77},[44,157602,790],{"class":115},[44,157604,2177],{"class":77},[44,157606,4015],{"class":115},[20,157608,155],{},[35,157610,157612],{"className":37,"code":157611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157613,157614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157615,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157617,123],{"class":115},[44,157619,15892],{"class":77},[44,157621,129],{"class":115},[44,157623,50974],{"class":77},[44,157625,135],{"class":115},[20,157627,157628,157629,157631,157632,157634,157635,116],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157630,3111],{},", stops before index ",[15,157633,2257],{},", and moves by ",[15,157636,2177],{},[20,157638,157639,157640,116],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[200,157641,149543],{"href":152969},[30,157643,76147],{"id":76146},[20,157645,157646],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1474,157648,157650,157651,6101],{"id":157649},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157652,76161],{},[35,157654,157656],{"className":37,"code":157655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157657,157658,157686,157690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157659,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157661,3739],{"class":50},[44,157663,55],{"class":54},[44,157665,9375],{"class":115},[44,157667,2451],{"class":77},[44,157669,129],{"class":115},[44,157671,7928],{"class":77},[44,157673,129],{"class":115},[44,157675,7933],{"class":77},[44,157677,129],{"class":115},[44,157679,50974],{"class":77},[44,157681,129],{"class":115},[44,157683,5212],{"class":77},[44,157685,135],{"class":115},[44,157687,157688],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157689,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,157691,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,157693,142],{"class":141},[44,157695,123],{"class":115},[44,157697,3771],{"class":119},[44,157699,75666],{"class":115},[44,157701,2183],{"class":77},[44,157703,4015],{"class":115},[20,157705,155],{},[35,157707,157708],{"className":37,"code":151235,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157709,157710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157711,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157713,123],{"class":115},[44,157715,2451],{"class":77},[44,157717,129],{"class":115},[44,157719,7928],{"class":77},[44,157721,129],{"class":115},[44,157723,7933],{"class":77},[44,157725,135],{"class":115},[1474,157727,157729],{"id":157728},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,157731,157733],{"className":37,"code":157732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157734,157735,157763,157767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157736,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759,157761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157738,3739],{"class":50},[44,157740,55],{"class":54},[44,157742,9375],{"class":115},[44,157744,2451],{"class":77},[44,157746,129],{"class":115},[44,157748,7928],{"class":77},[44,157750,129],{"class":115},[44,157752,7933],{"class":77},[44,157754,129],{"class":115},[44,157756,50974],{"class":77},[44,157758,129],{"class":115},[44,157760,5212],{"class":77},[44,157762,135],{"class":115},[44,157764,157765],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157766,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,157768,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,157770,142],{"class":141},[44,157772,123],{"class":115},[44,157774,3771],{"class":119},[44,157776,4027],{"class":115},[44,157778,2177],{"class":77},[44,157780,77847],{"class":115},[20,157782,155],{},[35,157784,157786],{"className":37,"code":157785,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157787,157788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157789,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800,157802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157791,123],{"class":115},[44,157793,36979],{"class":77},[44,157795,129],{"class":115},[44,157797,50974],{"class":77},[44,157799,129],{"class":115},[44,157801,5212],{"class":77},[44,157803,135],{"class":115},[1474,157805,157807],{"id":157806},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,157809,157811],{"className":37,"code":157810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157812,157813,157841,157845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157814,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157816,3739],{"class":50},[44,157818,55],{"class":54},[44,157820,9375],{"class":115},[44,157822,2451],{"class":77},[44,157824,129],{"class":115},[44,157826,7928],{"class":77},[44,157828,129],{"class":115},[44,157830,7933],{"class":77},[44,157832,129],{"class":115},[44,157834,50974],{"class":77},[44,157836,129],{"class":115},[44,157838,5212],{"class":77},[44,157840,135],{"class":115},[44,157842,157843],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157844,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,157846,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,157848,142],{"class":141},[44,157850,123],{"class":115},[44,157852,3771],{"class":119},[44,157854,4027],{"class":115},[44,157856,3111],{"class":77},[44,157858,790],{"class":115},[44,157860,2626],{"class":77},[44,157862,4015],{"class":115},[20,157864,155],{},[35,157866,157868],{"className":37,"code":157867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157869,157870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157871,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157873,123],{"class":115},[44,157875,15892],{"class":77},[44,157877,129],{"class":115},[44,157879,7933],{"class":77},[44,157881,129],{"class":115},[44,157883,50974],{"class":77},[44,157885,135],{"class":115},[1474,157887,157889],{"id":157888},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,157891,157893],{"className":37,"code":157892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157894,157895,157927,157931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157896,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157898,3739],{"class":50},[44,157900,55],{"class":54},[44,157902,9375],{"class":115},[44,157904,2451],{"class":77},[44,157906,129],{"class":115},[44,157908,7928],{"class":77},[44,157910,129],{"class":115},[44,157912,7933],{"class":77},[44,157914,129],{"class":115},[44,157916,50974],{"class":77},[44,157918,129],{"class":115},[44,157920,5212],{"class":77},[44,157922,129],{"class":115},[44,157924,76231],{"class":77},[44,157926,135],{"class":115},[44,157928,157929],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,157930,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,157932,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,157934,142],{"class":141},[44,157936,123],{"class":115},[44,157938,3771],{"class":119},[44,157940,74253],{"class":115},[44,157942,2177],{"class":77},[44,157944,4015],{"class":115},[20,157946,155],{},[35,157948,157950],{"className":37,"code":157949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157951,157952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157953,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964,157966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157955,123],{"class":115},[44,157957,2451],{"class":77},[44,157959,129],{"class":115},[44,157961,7933],{"class":77},[44,157963,129],{"class":115},[44,157965,5212],{"class":77},[44,157967,135],{"class":115},[1474,157969,157971],{"id":157970},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,157973,157975],{"className":37,"code":157974,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157976,157977,158005,158009],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157978,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157980,3739],{"class":50},[44,157982,55],{"class":54},[44,157984,9375],{"class":115},[44,157986,2451],{"class":77},[44,157988,129],{"class":115},[44,157990,7928],{"class":77},[44,157992,129],{"class":115},[44,157994,7933],{"class":77},[44,157996,129],{"class":115},[44,157998,50974],{"class":77},[44,158000,129],{"class":115},[44,158002,5212],{"class":77},[44,158004,135],{"class":115},[44,158006,158007],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158008,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158010,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158012,142],{"class":141},[44,158014,123],{"class":115},[44,158016,3771],{"class":119},[44,158018,74253],{"class":115},[44,158020,2142],{"class":54},[44,158022,3111],{"class":77},[44,158024,4015],{"class":115},[20,158026,155],{},[35,158028,158030],{"className":37,"code":158029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158031,158032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158033,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158035,123],{"class":115},[44,158037,76925],{"class":77},[44,158039,129],{"class":115},[44,158041,50974],{"class":77},[44,158043,129],{"class":115},[44,158045,7933],{"class":77},[44,158047,129],{"class":115},[44,158049,7928],{"class":77},[44,158051,129],{"class":115},[44,158053,6140],{"class":77},[44,158055,135],{"class":115},[30,158057,76441],{"id":76440},[20,158059,154242],{},[20,158061,158062],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1474,158064,158066],{"id":158065},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,158068,158070],{"className":37,"code":158069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158071,158072,158104,158108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158073,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100,158102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158075,3739],{"class":50},[44,158077,55],{"class":54},[44,158079,9375],{"class":115},[44,158081,2451],{"class":77},[44,158083,129],{"class":115},[44,158085,7928],{"class":77},[44,158087,129],{"class":115},[44,158089,7933],{"class":77},[44,158091,129],{"class":115},[44,158093,50974],{"class":77},[44,158095,129],{"class":115},[44,158097,5212],{"class":77},[44,158099,129],{"class":115},[44,158101,76231],{"class":77},[44,158103,135],{"class":115},[44,158105,158106],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158107,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158109,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158111,142],{"class":141},[44,158113,123],{"class":115},[44,158115,3771],{"class":119},[44,158117,4027],{"class":115},[44,158119,2142],{"class":54},[44,158121,2183],{"class":77},[44,158123,77847],{"class":115},[20,158125,155],{},[35,158127,158129],{"className":37,"code":158128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158130,158131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158132,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158134,123],{"class":115},[44,158136,56823],{"class":77},[44,158138,129],{"class":115},[44,158140,5212],{"class":77},[44,158142,129],{"class":115},[44,158144,76231],{"class":77},[44,158146,135],{"class":115},[1474,158148,158150],{"id":158149},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,158152,158154],{"className":37,"code":158153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158155,158156,158184,158188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158157,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158159,3739],{"class":50},[44,158161,55],{"class":54},[44,158163,9375],{"class":115},[44,158165,2451],{"class":77},[44,158167,129],{"class":115},[44,158169,7928],{"class":77},[44,158171,129],{"class":115},[44,158173,7933],{"class":77},[44,158175,129],{"class":115},[44,158177,50974],{"class":77},[44,158179,129],{"class":115},[44,158181,5212],{"class":77},[44,158183,135],{"class":115},[44,158185,158186],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158187,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158189,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158191,142],{"class":141},[44,158193,123],{"class":115},[44,158195,3771],{"class":119},[44,158197,75666],{"class":115},[44,158199,2142],{"class":54},[44,158201,3111],{"class":77},[44,158203,4015],{"class":115},[20,158205,155],{},[35,158207,158209],{"className":37,"code":158208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158210,158211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158212,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158214,123],{"class":115},[44,158216,2451],{"class":77},[44,158218,129],{"class":115},[44,158220,7928],{"class":77},[44,158222,129],{"class":115},[44,158224,7933],{"class":77},[44,158226,129],{"class":115},[44,158228,50974],{"class":77},[44,158230,135],{"class":115},[20,158232,158233,158234,116],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[200,158235,150792],{"href":157126},[30,158237,158239],{"id":158238},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158241,213,158242,158244],{},[15,158243,75560],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[218,158246,158247,158249,158251,158257],{},[221,158248,76697],{},[221,158250,76700],{},[221,158252,158253,158256],{},[15,158254,158255],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[221,158258,158259,158260,158262],{},"A step of ",[15,158261,2240],{}," is not allowed",[20,158264,158265],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,158267,158269],{"className":37,"code":158268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158270,158271,158303,158307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158272,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299,158301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158274,3739],{"class":50},[44,158276,55],{"class":54},[44,158278,9375],{"class":115},[44,158280,2451],{"class":77},[44,158282,129],{"class":115},[44,158284,7928],{"class":77},[44,158286,129],{"class":115},[44,158288,7933],{"class":77},[44,158290,129],{"class":115},[44,158292,50974],{"class":77},[44,158294,129],{"class":115},[44,158296,5212],{"class":77},[44,158298,129],{"class":115},[44,158300,76231],{"class":77},[44,158302,135],{"class":115},[44,158304,158305],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158306,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158308,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325,158327],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158310,142],{"class":141},[44,158312,123],{"class":115},[44,158314,3771],{"class":119},[44,158316,4027],{"class":115},[44,158318,3111],{"class":77},[44,158320,790],{"class":115},[44,158322,80724],{"class":77},[44,158324,790],{"class":115},[44,158326,2177],{"class":77},[44,158328,4015],{"class":115},[20,158330,155],{},[35,158332,158334],{"className":37,"code":158333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158335,158336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158337,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348,158350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158339,123],{"class":115},[44,158341,15892],{"class":77},[44,158343,129],{"class":115},[44,158345,50974],{"class":77},[44,158347,129],{"class":115},[44,158349,76231],{"class":77},[44,158351,135],{"class":115},[20,158353,158354],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,158356,158358],{"className":37,"code":158357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158359,158360,158388,158392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158361,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384,158386],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158363,3739],{"class":50},[44,158365,55],{"class":54},[44,158367,9375],{"class":115},[44,158369,2451],{"class":77},[44,158371,129],{"class":115},[44,158373,7928],{"class":77},[44,158375,129],{"class":115},[44,158377,7933],{"class":77},[44,158379,129],{"class":115},[44,158381,50974],{"class":77},[44,158383,129],{"class":115},[44,158385,5212],{"class":77},[44,158387,135],{"class":115},[44,158389,158390],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158391,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158393,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412,158414],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158395,142],{"class":141},[44,158397,123],{"class":115},[44,158399,3771],{"class":119},[44,158401,4027],{"class":115},[44,158403,2626],{"class":77},[44,158405,790],{"class":115},[44,158407,3111],{"class":77},[44,158409,790],{"class":115},[44,158411,2142],{"class":54},[44,158413,3111],{"class":77},[44,158415,4015],{"class":115},[20,158417,155],{},[35,158419,158421],{"className":37,"code":158420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158422,158423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158424,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158426,123],{"class":115},[44,158428,76925],{"class":77},[44,158430,129],{"class":115},[44,158432,50974],{"class":77},[44,158434,129],{"class":115},[44,158436,7933],{"class":77},[44,158438,135],{"class":115},[20,158440,158441],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,158443,158445],{"className":37,"code":158444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158446,158447,158467,158471],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158448,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158450,3739],{"class":50},[44,158452,55],{"class":54},[44,158454,9375],{"class":115},[44,158456,2451],{"class":77},[44,158458,129],{"class":115},[44,158460,7928],{"class":77},[44,158462,129],{"class":115},[44,158464,7933],{"class":77},[44,158466,135],{"class":115},[44,158468,158469],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158470,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158472,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158474,142],{"class":141},[44,158476,123],{"class":115},[44,158478,3771],{"class":119},[44,158480,74253],{"class":115},[44,158482,2240],{"class":77},[44,158484,4015],{"class":115},[20,158486,158487],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[30,158489,158491],{"id":158490},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158493,158494,158495,33878],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[153,158496,49084],{},[1474,158498,158500],{"id":158499},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,158502,158504],{"className":37,"code":158503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158505,158506,158530,158534,158552,158556,158566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158507,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526,158528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158509,3739],{"class":50},[44,158511,55],{"class":54},[44,158513,9375],{"class":115},[44,158515,2451],{"class":77},[44,158517,129],{"class":115},[44,158519,7928],{"class":77},[44,158521,129],{"class":115},[44,158523,7933],{"class":77},[44,158525,129],{"class":115},[44,158527,50974],{"class":77},[44,158529,135],{"class":115},[44,158531,158532],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158533,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158535,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548,158550],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158537,2351],{"class":50},[44,158539,55],{"class":54},[44,158541,4392],{"class":50},[44,158543,4027],{"class":115},[44,158545,3111],{"class":77},[44,158547,790],{"class":115},[44,158549,2183],{"class":77},[44,158551,3757],{"class":115},[44,158553,158554],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,158555,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158557,158558,158560,158562,158564],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,158559,142],{"class":141},[44,158561,123],{"class":115},[44,158563,2386],{"class":119},[44,158565,135],{"class":115},[44,158567,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,158569,142],{"class":141},[44,158571,123],{"class":115},[44,158573,1297],{"class":1296},[44,158575,123],{"class":115},[44,158577,2386],{"class":119},[44,158579,567],{"class":115},[20,158581,155],{},[35,158583,158585],{"className":37,"code":158584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158586,158587,158599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158588,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158590,123],{"class":115},[44,158592,15892],{"class":77},[44,158594,129],{"class":115},[44,158596,7933],{"class":77},[44,158598,135],{"class":115},[44,158600,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609,158611],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158602,1326],{"class":54},[44,158604,1329],{"class":1075},[44,158606,1332],{"class":58},[44,158608,49084],{"class":62},[44,158610,1338],{"class":58},[44,158612,1341],{"class":54},[1474,158614,158616],{"id":158615},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,158618,158620],{"className":37,"code":158619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158621,158622,158642,158646,158664,158668,158678],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158623,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636,158638,158640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158625,3739],{"class":50},[44,158627,55],{"class":54},[44,158629,9375],{"class":115},[44,158631,2451],{"class":77},[44,158633,129],{"class":115},[44,158635,7928],{"class":77},[44,158637,129],{"class":115},[44,158639,7933],{"class":77},[44,158641,135],{"class":115},[44,158643,158644],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158645,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158647,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660,158662],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158649,2351],{"class":50},[44,158651,55],{"class":54},[44,158653,4392],{"class":50},[44,158655,4027],{"class":115},[44,158657,3111],{"class":77},[44,158659,790],{"class":115},[44,158661,2177],{"class":77},[44,158663,3757],{"class":115},[44,158665,158666],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,158667,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158669,158670,158672,158674,158676],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,158671,142],{"class":141},[44,158673,123],{"class":115},[44,158675,2386],{"class":119},[44,158677,135],{"class":115},[44,158679,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,158681,142],{"class":141},[44,158683,123],{"class":115},[44,158685,1297],{"class":1296},[44,158687,123],{"class":115},[44,158689,2386],{"class":119},[44,158691,567],{"class":115},[20,158693,155],{},[35,158695,158697],{"className":37,"code":158696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158698,158699,158707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158700,158701,158703,158705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158702,123],{"class":115},[44,158704,15892],{"class":77},[44,158706,149226],{"class":115},[44,158708,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717,158719],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158710,1326],{"class":54},[44,158712,1329],{"class":1075},[44,158714,1332],{"class":58},[44,158716,49084],{"class":62},[44,158718,1338],{"class":58},[44,158720,1341],{"class":54},[1474,158722,158724],{"id":158723},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,158726,158728],{"className":37,"code":158727,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158729,158730,158750,158754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158731,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158733,3739],{"class":50},[44,158735,55],{"class":54},[44,158737,9375],{"class":115},[44,158739,2451],{"class":77},[44,158741,129],{"class":115},[44,158743,7928],{"class":77},[44,158745,129],{"class":115},[44,158747,7933],{"class":77},[44,158749,135],{"class":115},[44,158751,158752],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158753,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158755,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158757,142],{"class":141},[44,158759,123],{"class":115},[44,158761,3771],{"class":119},[44,158763,4027],{"class":115},[44,158765,2257],{"class":77},[44,158767,790],{"class":115},[44,158769,2466],{"class":77},[44,158771,4015],{"class":115},[20,158773,155],{},[35,158775,158776],{"className":37,"code":8782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158777,158778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158779,158780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158781,8782],{"class":115},[20,158783,158784,158785,116],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[200,158786,155962],{"href":150849},[30,158788,158790],{"id":158789},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158792,158793],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[218,158795,158796,158798,158801,158806],{},[221,158797,77006],{},[221,158799,158800],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[221,158802,158803,158804],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158805,70862],{},[221,158807,158808],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158810,238],{},[35,158812,158814],{"className":37,"code":158813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158815,158816,158836,158840,158857,158878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158817,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830,158832,158834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158819,3739],{"class":50},[44,158821,55],{"class":54},[44,158823,9375],{"class":115},[44,158825,2451],{"class":77},[44,158827,129],{"class":115},[44,158829,7928],{"class":77},[44,158831,129],{"class":115},[44,158833,7933],{"class":77},[44,158835,135],{"class":115},[44,158837,158838],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158839,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158841,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852,158854],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158843,142],{"class":141},[44,158845,123],{"class":115},[44,158847,3771],{"class":119},[44,158849,4027],{"class":115},[44,158851,3111],{"class":77},[44,158853,20583],{"class":115},[44,158855,158856],{"class":3787},"    # one item\n",[44,158858,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873,158875],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,158860,142],{"class":141},[44,158862,123],{"class":115},[44,158864,3771],{"class":119},[44,158866,4027],{"class":115},[44,158868,3111],{"class":77},[44,158870,790],{"class":115},[44,158872,2257],{"class":77},[44,158874,20583],{"class":115},[44,158876,158877],{"class":3787},"  # slice\n",[44,158879,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894,158896],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,158881,142],{"class":141},[44,158883,123],{"class":115},[44,158885,3771],{"class":119},[44,158887,4027],{"class":115},[44,158889,2257],{"class":77},[44,158891,790],{"class":115},[44,158893,2466],{"class":77},[44,158895,20583],{"class":115},[44,158897,158898],{"class":3787},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158900,155],{},[35,158902,158904],{"className":37,"code":158903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158905,158906,158910,158922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158907,158908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158909,71355],{"class":77},[44,158911,158912,158914,158916,158918,158920],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158913,123],{"class":115},[44,158915,15892],{"class":77},[44,158917,129],{"class":115},[44,158919,7933],{"class":77},[44,158921,135],{"class":115},[44,158923,158924],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158925,8782],{"class":115},[20,158927,158928],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,158930,158932],{"className":37,"code":158931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158933,158934,158954,158958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158935,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158937,3739],{"class":50},[44,158939,55],{"class":54},[44,158941,9375],{"class":115},[44,158943,2451],{"class":77},[44,158945,129],{"class":115},[44,158947,7928],{"class":77},[44,158949,129],{"class":115},[44,158951,7933],{"class":77},[44,158953,135],{"class":115},[44,158955,158956],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,158957,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,158959,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,158961,142],{"class":141},[44,158963,123],{"class":115},[44,158965,3771],{"class":119},[44,158967,4027],{"class":115},[44,158969,2257],{"class":77},[44,158971,4015],{"class":115},[20,158973,158974,158975,158977,158978,116],{},"This raises an ",[15,158976,70862],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[200,158979,154715],{"href":158980},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[30,158982,15314],{"id":77273},[20,158984,158985],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[218,158987,158988,158991,158993,158996],{},[221,158989,158990],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[221,158992,60824],{},[221,158994,158995],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[221,158997,158998,158999],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,159000,2240],{},[20,159002,159003],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1474,159005,159007],{"id":159006},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,159009,159010],{"className":37,"code":157810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159011,159012,159040,159044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159013,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034,159036,159038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159015,3739],{"class":50},[44,159017,55],{"class":54},[44,159019,9375],{"class":115},[44,159021,2451],{"class":77},[44,159023,129],{"class":115},[44,159025,7928],{"class":77},[44,159027,129],{"class":115},[44,159029,7933],{"class":77},[44,159031,129],{"class":115},[44,159033,50974],{"class":77},[44,159035,129],{"class":115},[44,159037,5212],{"class":77},[44,159039,135],{"class":115},[44,159041,159042],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159043,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,159045,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054,159056,159058,159060],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,159047,142],{"class":141},[44,159049,123],{"class":115},[44,159051,3771],{"class":119},[44,159053,4027],{"class":115},[44,159055,3111],{"class":77},[44,159057,790],{"class":115},[44,159059,2626],{"class":77},[44,159061,4015],{"class":115},[20,159063,155],{},[35,159065,159066],{"className":37,"code":157867,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159067,159068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159069,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080,159082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159071,123],{"class":115},[44,159073,15892],{"class":77},[44,159075,129],{"class":115},[44,159077,7933],{"class":77},[44,159079,129],{"class":115},[44,159081,50974],{"class":77},[44,159083,135],{"class":115},[20,159085,132294,159086,159088],{},[15,159087,2626],{}," is not included.",[1474,159090,159092],{"id":159091},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159094,4655],{},[35,159096,159098],{"className":37,"code":159097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159099,159100,159124,159128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159101,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118,159120,159122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159103,3739],{"class":50},[44,159105,55],{"class":54},[44,159107,9375],{"class":115},[44,159109,2451],{"class":77},[44,159111,129],{"class":115},[44,159113,7928],{"class":77},[44,159115,129],{"class":115},[44,159117,7933],{"class":77},[44,159119,129],{"class":115},[44,159121,50974],{"class":77},[44,159123,135],{"class":115},[44,159125,159126],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159127,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,159129,159130],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,159131,159132],{"class":3787},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159134,159135],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,159137,159138],{"className":37,"code":154795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159139,159140,159164,159168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159141,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160,159162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159143,3739],{"class":50},[44,159145,55],{"class":54},[44,159147,9375],{"class":115},[44,159149,2451],{"class":77},[44,159151,129],{"class":115},[44,159153,7928],{"class":77},[44,159155,129],{"class":115},[44,159157,7933],{"class":77},[44,159159,129],{"class":115},[44,159161,50974],{"class":77},[44,159163,135],{"class":115},[44,159165,159166],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159167,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,159169,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,159171,142],{"class":141},[44,159173,123],{"class":115},[44,159175,3771],{"class":119},[44,159177,4027],{"class":115},[44,159179,3111],{"class":77},[44,159181,790],{"class":115},[44,159183,2183],{"class":77},[44,159185,4015],{"class":115},[1474,159187,159189],{"id":159188},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,159191,159193],{"className":37,"code":159192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159194,159195,159219,159223,159238,159242,159253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159196,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215,159217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159198,3739],{"class":50},[44,159200,55],{"class":54},[44,159202,9375],{"class":115},[44,159204,2451],{"class":77},[44,159206,129],{"class":115},[44,159208,7928],{"class":77},[44,159210,129],{"class":115},[44,159212,7933],{"class":77},[44,159214,129],{"class":115},[44,159216,50974],{"class":77},[44,159218,135],{"class":115},[44,159220,159221],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159222,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,159224,159225,159228,159230,159232,159234,159236],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,159226,159227],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,159229,55],{"class":54},[44,159231,4392],{"class":50},[44,159233,75666],{"class":115},[44,159235,2177],{"class":77},[44,159237,3757],{"class":115},[44,159239,159240],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,159241,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,159243,159244,159246,159248,159251],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,159245,142],{"class":141},[44,159247,123],{"class":115},[44,159249,159250],{"class":119},"slice_result",[44,159252,135],{"class":115},[44,159254,159255,159257,159259,159261],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,159256,142],{"class":141},[44,159258,123],{"class":115},[44,159260,3771],{"class":119},[44,159262,135],{"class":115},[20,159264,155],{},[35,159266,159268],{"className":37,"code":159267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159269,159270,159282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159271,159272,159274,159276,159278,159280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159273,123],{"class":115},[44,159275,2451],{"class":77},[44,159277,129],{"class":115},[44,159279,7928],{"class":77},[44,159281,135],{"class":115},[44,159283,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159285,123],{"class":115},[44,159287,2451],{"class":77},[44,159289,129],{"class":115},[44,159291,7928],{"class":77},[44,159293,129],{"class":115},[44,159295,7933],{"class":77},[44,159297,129],{"class":115},[44,159299,50974],{"class":77},[44,159301,135],{"class":115},[20,159303,159304],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[30,159306,113845],{"id":113844},[20,159308,159309],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[218,159311,159312,159315,159318,159324,159327],{},[221,159313,159314],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[221,159316,159317],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[221,159319,159320,159321],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159322,159323],{},"tuple[::0]",[221,159325,159326],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[221,159328,159329],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159331,159332],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,159334,159336],{"className":37,"code":159335,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159337,159338,159348,159366,159388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159339,159340,159342,159344,159346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159341,142],{"class":141},[44,159343,123],{"class":115},[44,159345,147888],{"class":119},[44,159347,135],{"class":115},[44,159349,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360,159362,159364],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159351,142],{"class":141},[44,159353,123],{"class":115},[44,159355,147888],{"class":119},[44,159357,4027],{"class":115},[44,159359,3111],{"class":77},[44,159361,790],{"class":115},[44,159363,2626],{"class":77},[44,159365,4015],{"class":115},[44,159367,159368,159370,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380,159382,159384,159386],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,159369,142],{"class":141},[44,159371,123],{"class":115},[44,159373,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159375,123],{"class":115},[44,159377,147888],{"class":119},[44,159379,4027],{"class":115},[44,159381,3111],{"class":77},[44,159383,790],{"class":115},[44,159385,2626],{"class":77},[44,159387,3123],{"class":115},[44,159389,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,159391,142],{"class":141},[44,159393,123],{"class":115},[44,159395,11302],{"class":141},[44,159397,123],{"class":115},[44,159399,147888],{"class":119},[44,159401,567],{"class":115},[20,159403,11311],{},[218,159405,159406,159408,159411,159414],{},[221,159407,155102],{},[221,159409,159410],{},"what the slice actually returns",[221,159412,159413],{},"that the result is a tuple",[221,159415,159416],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[30,159418,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,159420,159422],{"id":159421},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159424,159425],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1474,159427,159429],{"id":159428},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159431,159432],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1474,159434,5274,159436,40098],{"id":159435},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159437,158255],{},[20,159439,159440],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1474,159442,159444,159445,1995],{"id":159443},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159446,70862],{},[20,159448,159449,159450,116],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159451,70862],{},[30,159453,2019],{"id":2018},[218,159455,159456,159460,159464,159468,159472],{},[221,159457,159458],{},[200,159459,155962],{"href":150849},[221,159461,159462],{},[200,159463,149543],{"href":152969},[221,159465,159466],{},[200,159467,150792],{"href":157126},[221,159469,159470],{},[200,159471,147870],{"href":157488},[221,159473,159474],{},[200,159475,154715],{"href":158980},[2048,159477,159478],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":159480},[159481,159482,159483,159484,159492,159496,159497,159502,159503,159508,159509,159517],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":157288,"depth":69,"text":157289},{"id":157491,"depth":69,"text":157492},{"id":76146,"depth":69,"text":76147,"children":159485},[159486,159488,159489,159490,159491],{"id":157649,"depth":81,"text":159487},"Get the first n items",{"id":157728,"depth":81,"text":157729},{"id":157806,"depth":81,"text":157807},{"id":157888,"depth":81,"text":157889},{"id":157970,"depth":81,"text":157971},{"id":76440,"depth":69,"text":76441,"children":159493},[159494,159495],{"id":158065,"depth":81,"text":158066},{"id":158149,"depth":81,"text":158150},{"id":158238,"depth":69,"text":158239},{"id":158490,"depth":69,"text":158491,"children":159498},[159499,159500,159501],{"id":158499,"depth":81,"text":158500},{"id":158615,"depth":81,"text":158616},{"id":158723,"depth":81,"text":158724},{"id":158789,"depth":69,"text":158790},{"id":77273,"depth":69,"text":15314,"children":159504},[159505,159506,159507],{"id":159006,"depth":81,"text":159007},{"id":159091,"depth":81,"text":159092},{"id":159188,"depth":81,"text":159189},{"id":113844,"depth":69,"text":113845},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":159510},[159511,159512,159513,159515],{"id":159421,"depth":81,"text":159422},{"id":159428,"depth":81,"text":159429},{"id":159435,"depth":81,"text":159514},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159443,"depth":81,"text":159516},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157132,"description":159518},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159525,"title":159526,"body":159527,"description":161350,"extension":2084,"meta":161351,"navigation":84,"path":34944,"seo":161352,"stem":161353,"__hash__":161354},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159528,"toc":161316},[159529,159534,159539,159543,159561,159564,159579,159585,159587,159644,159646,159678,159690,159696,159701,159704,159739,159745,159747,159750,159764,159767,159769,159792,159794,159812,159815,159831,159833,159836,159949,159951,160040,160043,160048,160054,160057,160060,160159,160161,160220,160225,160228,160297,160301,160333,160349,160354,160361,160368,160380,160382,160431,160433,160456,160462,160510,160515,160522,160530,160536,160539,160563,160566,160568,160644,160646,160671,160677,160680,160685,160689,160703,160705,160768,160770,160802,160805,160821,160823,160829,160836,160838,160857,160859,160877,160884,160889,160896,160898,160935,160938,160945,160949,160952,161010,161013,161016,161071,161073,161085,161091,161093,161097,161130,161137,161139,161202,161205,161207,161212,161226,161233,161241,161250,161259,161265,161271,161273,161313],[10,159530,1013,159532,3699],{"id":159531},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159533,2423],{},[20,159535,32453,159536,159538],{},[15,159537,2423],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159540,62899,159541,104689],{},[15,159542,2423],{},[218,159544,159545,159548,159551,159554],{},[221,159546,159547],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[221,159549,159550],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[221,159552,159553],{},"debug confusing code",[221,159555,159556,159557],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[200,159558,159559],{"href":8357},[15,159560,3080],{},[20,159562,159563],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,159565,159567],{"className":37,"code":159566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,159568,159569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159570,159571,159573,159575,159577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159572,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159574,123],{"class":115},[44,159576,42536],{"class":1296},[44,159578,135],{"class":115},[20,159580,159581,159582,159584],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159583,2423],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[30,159586,3729],{"id":3728},[35,159588,159590],{"className":37,"code":159589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159591,159592,159604,159618,159622,159630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159593,159594,159596,159598,159600,159602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159595,51],{"class":50},[44,159597,55],{"class":54},[44,159599,59],{"class":58},[44,159601,5135],{"class":62},[44,159603,66],{"class":58},[44,159605,159606,159608,159610,159612,159614,159616],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159607,142],{"class":141},[44,159609,123],{"class":115},[44,159611,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159613,123],{"class":115},[44,159615,126],{"class":119},[44,159617,567],{"class":115},[44,159619,159620],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,159621,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,159623,159624,159626,159628],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,159625,2338],{"class":50},[44,159627,55],{"class":54},[44,159629,2709],{"class":77},[44,159631,159632,159634,159636,159638,159640,159642],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,159633,142],{"class":141},[44,159635,123],{"class":115},[44,159637,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159639,123],{"class":115},[44,159641,2361],{"class":119},[44,159643,567],{"class":115},[20,159645,155],{},[35,159647,159648],{"className":37,"code":125187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159649,159650,159664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159651,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660,159662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159653,1326],{"class":54},[44,159655,1329],{"class":1075},[44,159657,1332],{"class":58},[44,159659,1335],{"class":62},[44,159661,1338],{"class":58},[44,159663,1341],{"class":54},[44,159665,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159667,1326],{"class":54},[44,159669,1329],{"class":1075},[44,159671,1332],{"class":58},[44,159673,2309],{"class":62},[44,159675,1338],{"class":58},[44,159677,1341],{"class":54},[20,159679,189,159680,159683,159684,536,159687,116],{},[15,159681,159682],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159685,159686],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159688,159689],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[30,159691,207,159693,159695],{"id":159692},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159694,2423],{}," function does",[20,159697,159698,159700],{},[15,159699,2423],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159702,159703],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[218,159705,159706,159711,159716,159721,159726,159731],{},[221,159707,159708,159710],{},[15,159709,1335],{}," for text",[221,159712,159713,159715],{},[15,159714,2309],{}," for whole numbers",[221,159717,159718,159720],{},[15,159719,2313],{}," for decimal numbers",[221,159722,159723,159725],{},[15,159724,8231],{}," for lists",[221,159727,159728,159730],{},[15,159729,8961],{}," for dictionaries",[221,159732,159733,69226,159735,536,159737],{},[15,159734,3994],{},[15,159736,3724],{},[15,159738,3798],{},[20,159740,159741,159742,159744],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159743,2423],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[30,159746,351],{"id":350},[20,159748,159749],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,159751,159752],{"className":37,"code":159566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159753,159754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159755,159756,159758,159760,159762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159757,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159759,123],{"class":115},[44,159761,42536],{"class":1296},[44,159763,135],{"class":115},[20,159765,159766],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159768,238],{},[35,159770,159772],{"className":37,"code":159771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159773,159774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159775,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159777,142],{"class":141},[44,159779,123],{"class":115},[44,159781,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159783,123],{"class":115},[44,159785,112],{"class":58},[44,159787,3971],{"class":62},[44,159789,112],{"class":58},[44,159791,567],{"class":115},[20,159793,155],{},[35,159795,159796],{"className":37,"code":45904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159797,159798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159799,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159801,1326],{"class":54},[44,159803,1329],{"class":1075},[44,159805,1332],{"class":58},[44,159807,1335],{"class":62},[44,159809,1338],{"class":58},[44,159811,1341],{"class":54},[20,159813,159814],{},"You can pass either:",[218,159816,159817,159824],{},[221,159818,159819,159820,3000,159822],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159821,64667],{},[15,159823,46657],{},[221,159825,159826,159827,3000,159829],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159828,126],{},[15,159830,9437],{},[30,159832,122004],{"id":122003},[20,159834,159835],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,159837,159839],{"className":37,"code":159838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159840,159841,159859,159873,159887,159909,159935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159842,159843,159845,159847,159849,159851,159853,159855,159857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159844,142],{"class":141},[44,159846,123],{"class":115},[44,159848,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159850,123],{"class":115},[44,159852,112],{"class":58},[44,159854,3971],{"class":62},[44,159856,112],{"class":58},[44,159858,567],{"class":115},[44,159860,159861,159863,159865,159867,159869,159871],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159862,142],{"class":141},[44,159864,123],{"class":115},[44,159866,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159868,123],{"class":115},[44,159870,2451],{"class":77},[44,159872,567],{"class":115},[44,159874,159875,159877,159879,159881,159883,159885],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,159876,142],{"class":141},[44,159878,123],{"class":115},[44,159880,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159882,123],{"class":115},[44,159884,40281],{"class":77},[44,159886,567],{"class":115},[44,159888,159889,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,159890,142],{"class":141},[44,159892,123],{"class":115},[44,159894,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159896,3108],{"class":115},[44,159898,3111],{"class":77},[44,159900,129],{"class":115},[44,159902,3116],{"class":77},[44,159904,129],{"class":115},[44,159906,2573],{"class":77},[44,159908,3123],{"class":115},[44,159910,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923,159925,159927,159929,159931,159933],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,159912,142],{"class":141},[44,159914,123],{"class":115},[44,159916,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159918,5664],{"class":115},[44,159920,112],{"class":58},[44,159922,126],{"class":62},[44,159924,112],{"class":58},[44,159926,790],{"class":115},[44,159928,59],{"class":58},[44,159930,5135],{"class":62},[44,159932,112],{"class":58},[44,159934,5673],{"class":115},[44,159936,159937,159939,159941,159943,159945,159947],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,159938,142],{"class":141},[44,159940,123],{"class":115},[44,159942,1297],{"class":1296},[44,159944,123],{"class":115},[44,159946,3724],{"class":3978},[44,159948,567],{"class":115},[20,159950,155],{},[35,159952,159954],{"className":37,"code":159953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159955,159956,159970,159984,159998,160012,160026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159957,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966,159968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159959,1326],{"class":54},[44,159961,1329],{"class":1075},[44,159963,1332],{"class":58},[44,159965,1335],{"class":62},[44,159967,1338],{"class":58},[44,159969,1341],{"class":54},[44,159971,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,159973,1326],{"class":54},[44,159975,1329],{"class":1075},[44,159977,1332],{"class":58},[44,159979,2309],{"class":62},[44,159981,1338],{"class":58},[44,159983,1341],{"class":54},[44,159985,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,159987,1326],{"class":54},[44,159989,1329],{"class":1075},[44,159991,1332],{"class":58},[44,159993,2313],{"class":62},[44,159995,1338],{"class":58},[44,159997,1341],{"class":54},[44,159999,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008,160010],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,160001,1326],{"class":54},[44,160003,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160005,1332],{"class":58},[44,160007,8231],{"class":62},[44,160009,1338],{"class":58},[44,160011,1341],{"class":54},[44,160013,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022,160024],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,160015,1326],{"class":54},[44,160017,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160019,1332],{"class":58},[44,160021,8961],{"class":62},[44,160023,1338],{"class":58},[44,160025,1341],{"class":54},[44,160027,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036,160038],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,160029,1326],{"class":54},[44,160031,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160033,1332],{"class":58},[44,160035,3994],{"class":62},[44,160037,1338],{"class":58},[44,160039,1341],{"class":54},[20,160041,160042],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160044,160045,160046,116],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[200,160047,44932],{"href":49109},[30,160049,8556,160051,160053],{"id":160050},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160052,2423],{}," with variables",[20,160055,160056],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160058,160059],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,160061,160063],{"className":37,"code":160062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160064,160065,160073,160091,160095,160107,160125,160129,160141],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160066,160067,160069,160071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160068,2568],{"class":50},[44,160070,55],{"class":54},[44,160072,2709],{"class":77},[44,160074,160075,160077,160079,160081,160083,160085,160087,160089],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160076,142],{"class":141},[44,160078,123],{"class":115},[44,160080,379],{"class":119},[44,160082,129],{"class":115},[44,160084,49520],{"class":1296},[44,160086,123],{"class":115},[44,160088,379],{"class":119},[44,160090,567],{"class":115},[44,160092,160093],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,160094,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,160096,160097,160099,160101,160103,160105],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,160098,2568],{"class":50},[44,160100,55],{"class":54},[44,160102,59],{"class":58},[44,160104,46041],{"class":62},[44,160106,66],{"class":58},[44,160108,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,160110,142],{"class":141},[44,160112,123],{"class":115},[44,160114,379],{"class":119},[44,160116,129],{"class":115},[44,160118,49520],{"class":1296},[44,160120,123],{"class":115},[44,160122,379],{"class":119},[44,160124,567],{"class":115},[44,160126,160127],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,160128,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,160130,160131,160133,160135,160137,160139],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,160132,2568],{"class":50},[44,160134,55],{"class":54},[44,160136,3744],{"class":115},[44,160138,2451],{"class":77},[44,160140,3757],{"class":115},[44,160142,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155,160157],{"class":46,"line":6563},[44,160144,142],{"class":141},[44,160146,123],{"class":115},[44,160148,379],{"class":119},[44,160150,129],{"class":115},[44,160152,49520],{"class":1296},[44,160154,123],{"class":115},[44,160156,379],{"class":119},[44,160158,567],{"class":115},[20,160160,155],{},[35,160162,160164],{"className":37,"code":160163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160165,160166,160183,160200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160167,160168,160170,160173,160175,160177,160179,160181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160169,2451],{"class":77},[44,160171,160172],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,160174,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160176,1332],{"class":58},[44,160178,2309],{"class":62},[44,160180,1338],{"class":58},[44,160182,1341],{"class":54},[44,160184,160185,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196,160198],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160186,160187],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,160189,1326],{"class":54},[44,160191,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160193,1332],{"class":58},[44,160195,1335],{"class":62},[44,160197,1338],{"class":58},[44,160199,1341],{"class":54},[44,160201,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,160203,4027],{"class":115},[44,160205,2451],{"class":77},[44,160207,13411],{"class":115},[44,160209,160172],{"class":54},[44,160211,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160213,1332],{"class":58},[44,160215,8231],{"class":62},[44,160217,1338],{"class":58},[44,160219,1341],{"class":54},[20,160221,160222,160224],{},[15,160223,2423],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160226,160227],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,160229,160231],{"className":37,"code":160230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160232,160233,160251,160265,160269,160283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160234,160235,160237,160239,160241,160243,160245,160247,160249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160236,3512],{"class":50},[44,160238,55],{"class":54},[44,160240,8380],{"class":141},[44,160242,123],{"class":115},[44,160244,112],{"class":58},[44,160246,42009],{"class":62},[44,160248,112],{"class":58},[44,160250,135],{"class":115},[44,160252,160253,160255,160257,160259,160261,160263],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160254,142],{"class":141},[44,160256,123],{"class":115},[44,160258,1297],{"class":1296},[44,160260,123],{"class":115},[44,160262,3539],{"class":119},[44,160264,567],{"class":115},[44,160266,160267],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,160268,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,160270,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279,160281],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,160272,123113],{"class":50},[44,160274,55],{"class":54},[44,160276,45410],{"class":1296},[44,160278,123],{"class":115},[44,160280,3539],{"class":119},[44,160282,135],{"class":115},[44,160284,160285,160287,160289,160291,160293,160295],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,160286,142],{"class":141},[44,160288,123],{"class":115},[44,160290,1297],{"class":1296},[44,160292,123],{"class":115},[44,160294,123136],{"class":119},[44,160296,567],{"class":115},[20,160298,41258,160299,41262],{},[15,160300,9332],{},[35,160302,160303],{"className":37,"code":125187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160304,160305,160319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160306,160307,160309,160311,160313,160315,160317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160308,1326],{"class":54},[44,160310,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160312,1332],{"class":58},[44,160314,1335],{"class":62},[44,160316,1338],{"class":58},[44,160318,1341],{"class":54},[44,160320,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329,160331],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160322,1326],{"class":54},[44,160324,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160326,1332],{"class":58},[44,160328,2309],{"class":62},[44,160330,1338],{"class":58},[44,160332,1341],{"class":54},[20,160334,45837,160335,160339,160340,3000,160344,160348],{},[200,160336,160337],{"href":8357},[15,160338,3080],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[200,160341,160342],{"href":2996},[15,160343,2999],{},[200,160345,160346],{"href":3003},[15,160347,3006],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160350,160351,160352,116],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[200,160353,9121],{"href":9120},[30,160355,160357,10724,160359],{"id":160356},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160358,2423],{},[15,160360,44940],{},[20,160362,160363,536,160365,160367],{},[15,160364,2423],{},[15,160366,44940],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[218,160369,160370,160375],{},[221,160371,160372,160374],{},[15,160373,2423],{}," tells you the exact type",[221,160376,160377,160379],{},[15,160378,44940],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160381,238],{},[35,160383,160385],{"className":37,"code":160384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160386,160387,160395,160399,160413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160388,160389,160391,160393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160390,2568],{"class":50},[44,160392,55],{"class":54},[44,160394,34978],{"class":77},[44,160396,160397],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160398,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,160400,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409,160411],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,160402,142],{"class":141},[44,160404,123],{"class":115},[44,160406,1297],{"class":1296},[44,160408,123],{"class":115},[44,160410,379],{"class":119},[44,160412,567],{"class":115},[44,160414,160415,160417,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427,160429],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,160416,142],{"class":141},[44,160418,123],{"class":115},[44,160420,49006],{"class":141},[44,160422,123],{"class":115},[44,160424,379],{"class":119},[44,160426,129],{"class":115},[44,160428,45410],{"class":1296},[44,160430,567],{"class":115},[20,160432,155],{},[35,160434,160436],{"className":37,"code":160435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160437,160438,160452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160439,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160441,1326],{"class":54},[44,160443,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160445,1332],{"class":58},[44,160447,2309],{"class":62},[44,160449,1338],{"class":58},[44,160451,1341],{"class":54},[44,160453,160454],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160455,4107],{"class":3978},[20,160457,160458,160459,160461],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160460,44940],{}," is more practical.",[35,160463,160465],{"className":37,"code":160464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160466,160467,160475,160479,160495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160468,160469,160471,160473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160470,2568],{"class":50},[44,160472,55],{"class":54},[44,160474,34978],{"class":77},[44,160476,160477],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160478,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,160480,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489,160491,160493],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,160482,7135],{"class":4003},[44,160484,49743],{"class":141},[44,160486,123],{"class":115},[44,160488,379],{"class":119},[44,160490,129],{"class":115},[44,160492,45410],{"class":1296},[44,160494,8480],{"class":115},[44,160496,160497,160499,160501,160503,160506,160508],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,160498,8206],{"class":141},[44,160500,123],{"class":115},[44,160502,112],{"class":58},[44,160504,160505],{"class":62},"This is an integer",[44,160507,112],{"class":58},[44,160509,135],{"class":115},[20,160511,189,160512,160514],{},[15,160513,2423],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160516,189,160517,160519,160520,7310],{},[15,160518,44940],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160521,7135],{},[20,160523,160524,160525,116],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[200,160526,1013,160528,1017],{"href":160527},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160529,44940],{},[30,160531,160533,160534],{"id":160532},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160535,2423],{},[20,160537,160538],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,160540,160542],{"className":37,"code":160541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160543,160544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160545,160546,160548,160550,160552,160554,160557,160559,160561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160547,1297],{"class":1296},[44,160549,123],{"class":115},[44,160551,126],{"class":119},[44,160553,129],{"class":115},[44,160555,160556],{"class":119}," bases",[44,160558,129],{"class":115},[44,160560,9311],{"class":1296},[44,160562,135],{"class":115},[20,160564,160565],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160567,238],{},[35,160569,160571],{"className":37,"code":160570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160572,160573,160616,160620,160630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160574,160575,160578,160580,160582,160584,160586,160589,160591,160593,160596,160598,160600,160603,160605,160607,160609,160612,160614],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160576,160577],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,160579,55],{"class":54},[44,160581,49520],{"class":1296},[44,160583,123],{"class":115},[44,160585,112],{"class":58},[44,160587,160588],{"class":62},"Person",[44,160590,112],{"class":58},[44,160592,129],{"class":115},[44,160594,160595],{"class":115}," (),",[44,160597,10629],{"class":115},[44,160599,112],{"class":58},[44,160601,160602],{"class":62},"species",[44,160604,112],{"class":58},[44,160606,790],{"class":115},[44,160608,59],{"class":58},[44,160610,160611],{"class":62},"human",[44,160613,112],{"class":58},[44,160615,30633],{"class":115},[44,160617,160618],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160619,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,160621,160622,160624,160626,160628],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,160623,142],{"class":141},[44,160625,123],{"class":115},[44,160627,160588],{"class":119},[44,160629,135],{"class":115},[44,160631,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640,160642],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,160633,142],{"class":141},[44,160635,123],{"class":115},[44,160637,160588],{"class":119},[44,160639,116],{"class":115},[44,160641,160602],{"class":685},[44,160643,135],{"class":115},[20,160645,155],{},[35,160647,160649],{"className":37,"code":160648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160650,160651,160666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160652,160653,160655,160657,160659,160662,160664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160654,1326],{"class":54},[44,160656,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160658,1332],{"class":58},[44,160660,160661],{"class":62},"__main__.Person",[44,160663,1338],{"class":58},[44,160665,1341],{"class":54},[44,160667,160668],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160669,160670],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,160672,160673,160674,160676],{},"Most beginners do ",[153,160675,4761],{}," need this form.",[20,160678,160679],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[30,160681,5092,160683],{"id":160682},"when-to-use-type",[15,160684,2423],{},[20,160686,160687,12584],{},[15,160688,2423],{},[218,160690,160691,160694,160697,160700],{},[221,160692,160693],{},"debug unexpected values",[221,160695,160696],{},"check what a conversion produced",[221,160698,160699],{},"learn Python data types",[221,160701,160702],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160704,5606],{},[35,160706,160708],{"className":37,"code":160707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160709,160710,160722,160736,160740,160754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160711,160712,160714,160716,160718,160720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160713,248],{"class":50},[44,160715,55],{"class":54},[44,160717,59],{"class":58},[44,160719,50376],{"class":62},[44,160721,66],{"class":58},[44,160723,160724,160726,160728,160730,160732,160734],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160725,2338],{"class":50},[44,160727,55],{"class":54},[44,160729,45410],{"class":1296},[44,160731,123],{"class":115},[44,160733,308],{"class":119},[44,160735,135],{"class":115},[44,160737,160738],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,160739,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,160741,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750,160752],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,160743,142],{"class":141},[44,160745,123],{"class":115},[44,160747,1297],{"class":1296},[44,160749,123],{"class":115},[44,160751,308],{"class":119},[44,160753,567],{"class":115},[44,160755,160756,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,160757,142],{"class":141},[44,160759,123],{"class":115},[44,160761,1297],{"class":1296},[44,160763,123],{"class":115},[44,160765,2361],{"class":119},[44,160767,567],{"class":115},[20,160769,155],{},[35,160771,160772],{"className":37,"code":125187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160773,160774,160788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160775,160776,160778,160780,160782,160784,160786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160777,1326],{"class":54},[44,160779,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160781,1332],{"class":58},[44,160783,1335],{"class":62},[44,160785,1338],{"class":58},[44,160787,1341],{"class":54},[44,160789,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798,160800],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160791,1326],{"class":54},[44,160793,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160795,1332],{"class":58},[44,160797,2309],{"class":62},[44,160799,1338],{"class":58},[44,160801,1341],{"class":54},[20,160803,160804],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160806,160807,160808,2310,160812,17210,160816,160820],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[200,160809,160810],{"href":1012},[15,160811,1016],{},[200,160813,160814],{"href":2996},[15,160815,2999],{},[200,160817,160818],{"href":3003},[15,160819,3006],{}," are often the next step.",[30,160822,25492],{"id":25491},[20,160824,160825,160826,160828],{},"A few things about ",[15,160827,2423],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1474,160830,160832,160835],{"id":160831},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160833,160834],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160837,64776],{},[35,160839,160841],{"className":37,"code":160840,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160842,160843],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160844,160845,160847,160849,160851,160853,160855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160846,142],{"class":141},[44,160848,123],{"class":115},[44,160850,1297],{"class":1296},[44,160852,123],{"class":115},[44,160854,2257],{"class":77},[44,160856,567],{"class":115},[20,160858,123032],{},[35,160860,160861],{"className":37,"code":156310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160862,160863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160864,160865,160867,160869,160871,160873,160875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160866,1326],{"class":54},[44,160868,1329],{"class":1075},[44,160870,1332],{"class":58},[44,160872,2309],{"class":62},[44,160874,1338],{"class":58},[44,160876,1341],{"class":54},[20,160878,41043,160879,160881,160882,116],{},[153,160880,4761],{}," print just ",[15,160883,2309],{},[20,160885,6814,160886,160888],{},[15,160887,2423],{}," returns a class object.",[1474,160890,160892,2518,160894],{"id":160891},"input-returns-str",[15,160893,3080],{},[15,160895,1335],{},[20,160897,79672],{},[35,160899,160901],{"className":37,"code":160900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160902,160903,160921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160904,160905,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915,160917,160919],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160906,2568],{"class":50},[44,160908,55],{"class":54},[44,160910,8380],{"class":141},[44,160912,123],{"class":115},[44,160914,112],{"class":58},[44,160916,46443],{"class":62},[44,160918,112],{"class":58},[44,160920,135],{"class":115},[44,160922,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931,160933],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160924,142],{"class":141},[44,160926,123],{"class":115},[44,160928,1297],{"class":1296},[44,160930,123],{"class":115},[44,160932,379],{"class":119},[44,160934,567],{"class":115},[20,160936,160937],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160939,160940,160941,3000,160943,116],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160942,2999],{},[15,160944,3006],{},[1474,160946,160948],{"id":160947},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160950,160951],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,160953,160955],{"className":37,"code":160954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160956,160957,160965,160969,160995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160958,160959,160961,160963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160960,2568],{"class":50},[44,160962,55],{"class":54},[44,160964,34978],{"class":77},[44,160966,160967],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,160968,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,160970,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989,160991,160993],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,160972,7135],{"class":4003},[44,160974,49035],{"class":1296},[44,160976,123],{"class":115},[44,160978,1297],{"class":1296},[44,160980,123],{"class":115},[44,160982,379],{"class":119},[44,160984,5495],{"class":115},[44,160986,6545],{"class":54},[44,160988,59],{"class":58},[44,160990,159689],{"class":62},[44,160992,112],{"class":58},[44,160994,6530],{"class":115},[44,160996,160997,160999,161001,161003,161006,161008],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,160998,8206],{"class":141},[44,161000,123],{"class":115},[44,161002,112],{"class":58},[44,161004,161005],{"class":62},"It is an int",[44,161007,112],{"class":58},[44,161009,135],{"class":115},[20,161011,161012],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161014,161015],{},"Better options:",[35,161017,161019],{"className":37,"code":161018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161020,161021,161029,161033,161053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161022,161023,161025,161027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161024,2568],{"class":50},[44,161026,55],{"class":54},[44,161028,34978],{"class":77},[44,161030,161031],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161032,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,161034,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047,161049,161051],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,161036,142],{"class":141},[44,161038,123],{"class":115},[44,161040,1297],{"class":1296},[44,161042,123],{"class":115},[44,161044,379],{"class":119},[44,161046,3784],{"class":115},[44,161048,6545],{"class":54},[44,161050,45410],{"class":1296},[44,161052,135],{"class":115},[44,161054,161055,161057,161059,161061,161063,161065,161067,161069],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,161056,142],{"class":141},[44,161058,123],{"class":115},[44,161060,49006],{"class":141},[44,161062,123],{"class":115},[44,161064,379],{"class":119},[44,161066,129],{"class":115},[44,161068,45410],{"class":1296},[44,161070,567],{"class":115},[20,161072,155],{},[35,161074,161075],{"className":37,"code":4634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,161076,161077,161081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161078,161079],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161080,4107],{"class":3978},[44,161082,161083],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161084,4107],{"class":3978},[20,161086,161087,161088,161090],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161089,44940],{}," is the more useful check.",[30,161092,1467],{"id":1466},[20,161094,14871,161095,790],{},[15,161096,2423],{},[218,161098,161099,161109,161118,161127],{},[221,161100,8556,161101,161103,161104,161108],{},[15,161102,2423],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[200,161105,161106],{"href":8357},[15,161107,3080],{}," always returns a string",[221,161110,1707,161111,161113,161114,11232,161116],{},[15,161112,2423],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161115,2309],{},[15,161117,159689],{},[221,161119,8556,161120,44764,161123,161126],{},[15,161121,161122],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161124,161125],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[221,161128,161129],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161131,161132,161133,116],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[200,161134,161136],{"href":161135},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161138,144464],{},[35,161140,161142],{"className":37,"code":161141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161143,161144,161158,161168,161182,161192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161145,161146,161148,161150,161152,161154,161156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161147,142],{"class":141},[44,161149,123],{"class":115},[44,161151,1297],{"class":1296},[44,161153,123],{"class":115},[44,161155,379],{"class":119},[44,161157,567],{"class":115},[44,161159,161160,161162,161164,161166],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161161,142],{"class":141},[44,161163,123],{"class":115},[44,161165,379],{"class":119},[44,161167,135],{"class":115},[44,161169,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,161171,142],{"class":141},[44,161173,123],{"class":115},[44,161175,41917],{"class":141},[44,161177,123],{"class":115},[44,161179,379],{"class":119},[44,161181,567],{"class":115},[44,161183,161184,161186,161188,161190],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,161185,1934],{"class":141},[44,161187,123],{"class":115},[44,161189,1297],{"class":1296},[44,161191,135],{"class":115},[44,161193,161194,161196,161198,161200],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,161195,34509],{"class":141},[44,161197,123],{"class":115},[44,161199,379],{"class":119},[44,161201,135],{"class":115},[20,161203,161204],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[30,161206,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,161208,5274,161210,5277],{"id":161209},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161211,2423],{},[20,161213,161214,161215,2310,161217,2310,161219,2314,161221,161223,161224,116],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161216,1335],{},[15,161218,2309],{},[15,161220,8231],{},[15,161222,8961],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161225,159686],{},[1474,161227,2006,161229,57336,161231,1995],{"id":161228},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161230,2423],{},[15,161232,44940],{},[20,161234,46498,161235,161237,161238,161240],{},[15,161236,2423],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161239,44940],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1474,161242,5290,161244,161247,161248,1995],{"id":161243},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161245,161246],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161249,1335],{},[20,161251,29197,161252,161254,161255,3000,161257,160348],{},[15,161253,3080],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161256,2999],{},[15,161258,3006],{},[1474,161260,5302,161262,161264],{"id":161261},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161263,2423],{}," create classes?",[20,161266,161267,161268,116],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161269,161270],{},"type(object)",[30,161272,2019],{"id":2018},[218,161274,161275,161279,161285,161291,161295,161301,161307],{},[221,161276,161277],{},[200,161278,44932],{"href":49109},[221,161280,161281],{},[200,161282,1013,161283,1017],{"href":160527},[15,161284,44940],{},[221,161286,161287],{},[200,161288,1013,161289,1017],{"href":8357},[15,161290,3080],{},[221,161292,161293],{},[200,161294,9198],{"href":9120},[221,161296,161297],{},[200,161298,1013,161299,1017],{"href":2996},[15,161300,2999],{},[221,161302,161303],{},[200,161304,1013,161305,1017],{"href":3003},[15,161306,3006],{},[221,161308,161309],{},[200,161310,1013,161311,1017],{"href":1012},[15,161312,1016],{},[2048,161314,161315],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":161317},[161318,161319,161321,161322,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161338,161339,161349],{"id":3728,"depth":69,"text":3729},{"id":159692,"depth":69,"text":161320},"What the type() function does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":122003,"depth":69,"text":122004},{"id":160050,"depth":69,"text":161324},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160356,"depth":69,"text":161326},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160532,"depth":69,"text":161328},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160682,"depth":69,"text":161330},"When to use type()",{"id":25491,"depth":69,"text":25492,"children":161332},[161333,161335,161337],{"id":160831,"depth":81,"text":161334},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160891,"depth":81,"text":161336},"input() returns str",{"id":160947,"depth":81,"text":160948},{"id":1466,"depth":69,"text":1467},{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":161340},[161341,161343,161345,161347],{"id":161209,"depth":81,"text":161342},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161228,"depth":81,"text":161344},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161243,"depth":81,"text":161346},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161261,"depth":81,"text":161348},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159526,"description":161350},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161356,"title":161357,"body":161358,"description":163837,"extension":2084,"meta":163838,"navigation":84,"path":163839,"seo":163840,"stem":163841,"__hash__":163842},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161359,"toc":163794},[161360,161365,161370,161379,161381,161481,161483,161508,161513,161518,161534,161537,161539,161541,161566,161569,161572,161655,161657,161706,161709,161831,161833,161906,161910,161913,162027,162029,162055,162057,162078,162083,162087,162092,162095,162199,162201,162218,162227,162230,162317,162319,162330,162335,162341,162346,162352,162355,162448,162450,162499,162505,162508,162609,162611,162664,162669,162673,162676,162775,162777,162816,162819,162824,162826,162831,162835,162948,162952,163049,163053,163141,163143,163160,163164,163287,163293,163299,163305,163310,163313,163340,163344,163346,163440,163443,163447,163450,163537,163540,163575,163577,163614,163617,163625,163630,163635,163709,163716,163718,163723,163726,163732,163735,163741,163746,163752,163757,163761,163764,163766,163791],[10,161361,1013,161363,3699],{"id":161362},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161364,64452],{},[20,161366,161367,161369],{},[15,161368,64452],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161371,161372,161373,161375,161376,161378],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161374,64452],{}," inside a ",[15,161377,6093],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[30,161380,33],{"id":32},[35,161382,161384],{"className":37,"code":161383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161385,161386,161418,161438,161442,161467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161387,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410,161412,161414,161416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161389,5126],{"class":50},[44,161391,55],{"class":54},[44,161393,3744],{"class":115},[44,161395,112],{"class":58},[44,161397,833],{"class":62},[44,161399,112],{"class":58},[44,161401,129],{"class":115},[44,161403,59],{"class":58},[44,161405,36077],{"class":62},[44,161407,112],{"class":58},[44,161409,129],{"class":115},[44,161411,59],{"class":58},[44,161413,36086],{"class":62},[44,161415,112],{"class":58},[44,161417,3757],{"class":115},[44,161419,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161421,5195],{"class":50},[44,161423,55],{"class":54},[44,161425,3744],{"class":115},[44,161427,13640],{"class":77},[44,161429,129],{"class":115},[44,161431,13645],{"class":77},[44,161433,129],{"class":115},[44,161435,29056],{"class":77},[44,161437,3757],{"class":115},[44,161439,161440],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,161441,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,161443,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,161445,6093],{"class":4003},[44,161447,36128],{"class":50},[44,161449,129],{"class":115},[44,161451,5237],{"class":50},[44,161453,887],{"class":4003},[44,161455,161456],{"class":141}," zip",[44,161458,123],{"class":115},[44,161460,5170],{"class":119},[44,161462,129],{"class":115},[44,161464,5242],{"class":119},[44,161466,8480],{"class":115},[44,161468,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,161470,8206],{"class":141},[44,161472,123],{"class":115},[44,161474,126],{"class":119},[44,161476,129],{"class":115},[44,161478,959],{"class":119},[44,161480,135],{"class":115},[20,161482,155],{},[35,161484,161486],{"className":37,"code":161485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161487,161488,161494,161501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161489,161490,161492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161491,133763],{"class":50},[44,161493,33272],{"class":77},[44,161495,161496,161499],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161497,161498],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,161500,33277],{"class":77},[44,161502,161503,161506],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,161504,161505],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,161507,33282],{"class":77},[20,161509,189,161510,161512],{},[15,161511,64452],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[30,161514,3802,161516,3805],{"id":161515},"what-zip-does",[15,161517,64452],{},[218,161519,161520,161525,161528,161531],{},[221,161521,161522,161524],{},[15,161523,64452],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[221,161526,161527],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[221,161529,161530],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[221,161532,161533],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161535,161536],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[30,161538,351],{"id":350},[20,161540,7356],{},[35,161542,161544],{"className":37,"code":161543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161545,161546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161547,161548,161550,161552,161555,161557,161560,161562,161564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161549,64522],{"class":141},[44,161551,123],{"class":115},[44,161553,161554],{"class":119},"iterable1",[44,161556,129],{"class":115},[44,161558,161559],{"class":119}," iterable2",[44,161561,129],{"class":115},[44,161563,34591],{"class":141},[44,161565,135],{"class":115},[20,161567,161568],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161570,161571],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,161573,161575],{"className":37,"code":161574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161576,161577,161597,161629,161633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161578,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593,161595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161580,3739],{"class":50},[44,161582,55],{"class":54},[44,161584,3744],{"class":115},[44,161586,3111],{"class":77},[44,161588,129],{"class":115},[44,161590,3116],{"class":77},[44,161592,129],{"class":115},[44,161594,2573],{"class":77},[44,161596,3757],{"class":115},[44,161598,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625,161627],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161600,36227],{"class":50},[44,161602,55],{"class":54},[44,161604,3744],{"class":115},[44,161606,112],{"class":58},[44,161608,200],{"class":62},[44,161610,112],{"class":58},[44,161612,129],{"class":115},[44,161614,59],{"class":58},[44,161616,4891],{"class":62},[44,161618,112],{"class":58},[44,161620,129],{"class":115},[44,161622,59],{"class":58},[44,161624,9878],{"class":62},[44,161626,112],{"class":58},[44,161628,3757],{"class":115},[44,161630,161631],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,161632,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,161634,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651,161653],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,161636,142],{"class":141},[44,161638,123],{"class":115},[44,161640,8231],{"class":1296},[44,161642,123],{"class":115},[44,161644,64522],{"class":141},[44,161646,123],{"class":115},[44,161648,3771],{"class":119},[44,161650,129],{"class":115},[44,161652,70227],{"class":119},[44,161654,3034],{"class":115},[20,161656,155],{},[35,161658,161660],{"className":37,"code":161659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161661,161662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161663,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161665,21877],{"class":115},[44,161667,3111],{"class":77},[44,161669,129],{"class":115},[44,161671,1332],{"class":58},[44,161673,200],{"class":62},[44,161675,1338],{"class":58},[44,161677,9372],{"class":115},[44,161679,9375],{"class":115},[44,161681,2177],{"class":77},[44,161683,129],{"class":115},[44,161685,1332],{"class":58},[44,161687,4891],{"class":62},[44,161689,1338],{"class":58},[44,161691,9372],{"class":115},[44,161693,9375],{"class":115},[44,161695,2183],{"class":77},[44,161697,129],{"class":115},[44,161699,1332],{"class":58},[44,161701,9878],{"class":62},[44,161703,1338],{"class":58},[44,161705,9388],{"class":115},[20,161707,161708],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,161710,161712],{"className":37,"code":161711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161713,161714,161746,161766,161800,161804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161715,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161717,5126],{"class":50},[44,161719,55],{"class":54},[44,161721,3744],{"class":115},[44,161723,112],{"class":58},[44,161725,833],{"class":62},[44,161727,112],{"class":58},[44,161729,129],{"class":115},[44,161731,59],{"class":58},[44,161733,36077],{"class":62},[44,161735,112],{"class":58},[44,161737,129],{"class":115},[44,161739,59],{"class":58},[44,161741,36086],{"class":62},[44,161743,112],{"class":58},[44,161745,3757],{"class":115},[44,161747,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762,161764],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161749,5195],{"class":50},[44,161751,55],{"class":54},[44,161753,3744],{"class":115},[44,161755,13640],{"class":77},[44,161757,129],{"class":115},[44,161759,13645],{"class":77},[44,161761,129],{"class":115},[44,161763,29056],{"class":77},[44,161765,3757],{"class":115},[44,161767,161768,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161796,161798],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,161769,161770],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,161772,55],{"class":54},[44,161774,3744],{"class":115},[44,161776,112],{"class":58},[44,161778,22382],{"class":62},[44,161780,112],{"class":58},[44,161782,129],{"class":115},[44,161784,59],{"class":58},[44,161786,30737],{"class":62},[44,161788,112],{"class":58},[44,161790,129],{"class":115},[44,161792,59],{"class":58},[44,161794,161795],{"class":62},"B+",[44,161797,112],{"class":58},[44,161799,3757],{"class":115},[44,161801,161802],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,161803,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,161805,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161829],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,161807,142],{"class":141},[44,161809,123],{"class":115},[44,161811,8231],{"class":1296},[44,161813,123],{"class":115},[44,161815,64522],{"class":141},[44,161817,123],{"class":115},[44,161819,5170],{"class":119},[44,161821,129],{"class":115},[44,161823,5242],{"class":119},[44,161825,129],{"class":115},[44,161827,161828],{"class":119}," grades",[44,161830,3034],{"class":115},[20,161832,155],{},[35,161834,161836],{"className":37,"code":161835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161837,161838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161839,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161841,21877],{"class":115},[44,161843,1338],{"class":58},[44,161845,833],{"class":62},[44,161847,1338],{"class":58},[44,161849,129],{"class":115},[44,161851,20035],{"class":77},[44,161853,129],{"class":115},[44,161855,1332],{"class":58},[44,161857,22382],{"class":62},[44,161859,1338],{"class":58},[44,161861,9372],{"class":115},[44,161863,9375],{"class":115},[44,161865,1338],{"class":58},[44,161867,36077],{"class":62},[44,161869,1338],{"class":58},[44,161871,129],{"class":115},[44,161873,13645],{"class":77},[44,161875,129],{"class":115},[44,161877,1332],{"class":58},[44,161879,30737],{"class":62},[44,161881,1338],{"class":58},[44,161883,9372],{"class":115},[44,161885,9375],{"class":115},[44,161887,1338],{"class":58},[44,161889,36086],{"class":62},[44,161891,1338],{"class":58},[44,161893,129],{"class":115},[44,161895,29056],{"class":77},[44,161897,129],{"class":115},[44,161899,1332],{"class":58},[44,161901,161795],{"class":62},[44,161903,1338],{"class":58},[44,161905,9388],{"class":115},[30,161907,161909],{"id":161908},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161911,161912],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,161914,161916],{"className":37,"code":161915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161917,161918,161950,161970,161974,161998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161919,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161921,5126],{"class":50},[44,161923,55],{"class":54},[44,161925,3744],{"class":115},[44,161927,112],{"class":58},[44,161929,833],{"class":62},[44,161931,112],{"class":58},[44,161933,129],{"class":115},[44,161935,59],{"class":58},[44,161937,36077],{"class":62},[44,161939,112],{"class":58},[44,161941,129],{"class":115},[44,161943,59],{"class":58},[44,161945,36086],{"class":62},[44,161947,112],{"class":58},[44,161949,3757],{"class":115},[44,161951,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,161953,5195],{"class":50},[44,161955,55],{"class":54},[44,161957,3744],{"class":115},[44,161959,13640],{"class":77},[44,161961,129],{"class":115},[44,161963,13645],{"class":77},[44,161965,129],{"class":115},[44,161967,29056],{"class":77},[44,161969,3757],{"class":115},[44,161971,161972],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,161973,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,161975,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,161977,6093],{"class":4003},[44,161979,36128],{"class":50},[44,161981,129],{"class":115},[44,161983,5237],{"class":50},[44,161985,887],{"class":4003},[44,161987,161456],{"class":141},[44,161989,123],{"class":115},[44,161991,5170],{"class":119},[44,161993,129],{"class":115},[44,161995,5242],{"class":119},[44,161997,8480],{"class":115},[44,161999,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,162001,8206],{"class":141},[44,162003,123],{"class":115},[44,162005,1436],{"class":1075},[44,162007,112],{"class":62},[44,162009,1072],{"class":77},[44,162011,126],{"class":119},[44,162013,1078],{"class":77},[44,162015,162016],{"class":62}," scored ",[44,162018,1072],{"class":77},[44,162020,85648],{"class":119},[44,162022,1078],{"class":77},[44,162024,112],{"class":62},[44,162026,135],{"class":115},[20,162028,155],{},[35,162030,162032],{"className":37,"code":162031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162033,162034,162041,162048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162035,162036,162039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162037,162038],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,162040,33272],{"class":77},[44,162042,162043,162046],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162044,162045],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,162047,33277],{"class":77},[44,162049,162050,162053],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,162051,162052],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,162054,33282],{"class":77},[20,162056,45064],{},[218,162058,162059,162068,162071],{},[221,162060,162061,162064,162065],{},[15,162062,162063],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162066,162067],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[221,162069,162070],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[221,162072,162073,536,162075,162077],{},[15,162074,126],{},[15,162076,85648],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162079,162080,162081,116],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[200,162082,69744],{"href":69743},[30,162084,162086],{"id":162085},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162088,162089,162091],{},[15,162090,64452],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162093,162094],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,162096,162098],{"className":37,"code":162097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162099,162100,162141,162157,162161,162185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162101,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162137,162139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162103,5126],{"class":50},[44,162105,55],{"class":54},[44,162107,3744],{"class":115},[44,162109,112],{"class":58},[44,162111,833],{"class":62},[44,162113,112],{"class":58},[44,162115,129],{"class":115},[44,162117,59],{"class":58},[44,162119,36077],{"class":62},[44,162121,112],{"class":58},[44,162123,129],{"class":115},[44,162125,59],{"class":58},[44,162127,36086],{"class":62},[44,162129,112],{"class":58},[44,162131,129],{"class":115},[44,162133,59],{"class":58},[44,162135,162136],{"class":62},"Dan",[44,162138,112],{"class":58},[44,162140,3757],{"class":115},[44,162142,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162144,5195],{"class":50},[44,162146,55],{"class":54},[44,162148,3744],{"class":115},[44,162150,13640],{"class":77},[44,162152,129],{"class":115},[44,162154,13645],{"class":77},[44,162156,3757],{"class":115},[44,162158,162159],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,162160,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,162162,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,162164,6093],{"class":4003},[44,162166,36128],{"class":50},[44,162168,129],{"class":115},[44,162170,5237],{"class":50},[44,162172,887],{"class":4003},[44,162174,161456],{"class":141},[44,162176,123],{"class":115},[44,162178,5170],{"class":119},[44,162180,129],{"class":115},[44,162182,5242],{"class":119},[44,162184,8480],{"class":115},[44,162186,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,162188,8206],{"class":141},[44,162190,123],{"class":115},[44,162192,126],{"class":119},[44,162194,129],{"class":115},[44,162196,959],{"class":119},[44,162198,135],{"class":115},[20,162200,155],{},[35,162202,162204],{"className":37,"code":162203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162205,162206,162212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162207,162208,162210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162209,133763],{"class":50},[44,162211,33272],{"class":77},[44,162213,162214,162216],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162215,161498],{"class":50},[44,162217,33277],{"class":77},[20,162219,341,162220,536,162223,162226],{},[15,162221,162222],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162224,162225],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162228,162229],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,162231,162233],{"className":37,"code":162232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162234,162235,162275,162291,162295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162236,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162238,5126],{"class":50},[44,162240,55],{"class":54},[44,162242,3744],{"class":115},[44,162244,112],{"class":58},[44,162246,833],{"class":62},[44,162248,112],{"class":58},[44,162250,129],{"class":115},[44,162252,59],{"class":58},[44,162254,36077],{"class":62},[44,162256,112],{"class":58},[44,162258,129],{"class":115},[44,162260,59],{"class":58},[44,162262,36086],{"class":62},[44,162264,112],{"class":58},[44,162266,129],{"class":115},[44,162268,59],{"class":58},[44,162270,162136],{"class":62},[44,162272,112],{"class":58},[44,162274,3757],{"class":115},[44,162276,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162278,5195],{"class":50},[44,162280,55],{"class":54},[44,162282,3744],{"class":115},[44,162284,13640],{"class":77},[44,162286,129],{"class":115},[44,162288,13645],{"class":77},[44,162290,3757],{"class":115},[44,162292,162293],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,162294,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,162296,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,162298,142],{"class":141},[44,162300,123],{"class":115},[44,162302,11302],{"class":141},[44,162304,123],{"class":115},[44,162306,5170],{"class":119},[44,162308,9372],{"class":115},[44,162310,38523],{"class":141},[44,162312,123],{"class":115},[44,162314,16526],{"class":119},[44,162316,567],{"class":115},[20,162318,155],{},[35,162320,162322],{"className":37,"code":162321,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,162323,162324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162325,162326,162328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162327,2626],{"class":77},[44,162329,45723],{"class":77},[20,162331,162332,162333,116],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162334,64452],{},[30,162336,92230,162338,162340],{"id":162337},"converting-zip-output",[15,162339,64452],{}," output",[20,162342,29197,162343,162345],{},[15,162344,64452],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1474,162347,189,162349],{"id":162348},"use-listzip",[15,162350,162351],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162353,162354],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,162356,162358],{"className":37,"code":162357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162359,162360,162392,162412,162416,162438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162361,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162363,5126],{"class":50},[44,162365,55],{"class":54},[44,162367,3744],{"class":115},[44,162369,112],{"class":58},[44,162371,833],{"class":62},[44,162373,112],{"class":58},[44,162375,129],{"class":115},[44,162377,59],{"class":58},[44,162379,36077],{"class":62},[44,162381,112],{"class":58},[44,162383,129],{"class":115},[44,162385,59],{"class":58},[44,162387,36086],{"class":62},[44,162389,112],{"class":58},[44,162391,3757],{"class":115},[44,162393,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162395,5195],{"class":50},[44,162397,55],{"class":54},[44,162399,3744],{"class":115},[44,162401,13640],{"class":77},[44,162403,129],{"class":115},[44,162405,13645],{"class":77},[44,162407,129],{"class":115},[44,162409,29056],{"class":77},[44,162411,3757],{"class":115},[44,162413,162414],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,162415,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,162417,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,162419,9354],{"class":50},[44,162421,55],{"class":54},[44,162423,22695],{"class":1296},[44,162425,123],{"class":115},[44,162427,64522],{"class":141},[44,162429,123],{"class":115},[44,162431,5170],{"class":119},[44,162433,129],{"class":115},[44,162435,5242],{"class":119},[44,162437,567],{"class":115},[44,162439,162440,162442,162444,162446],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,162441,142],{"class":141},[44,162443,123],{"class":115},[44,162445,9401],{"class":119},[44,162447,135],{"class":115},[20,162449,155],{},[35,162451,162453],{"className":37,"code":162452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162454,162455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162456,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162458,21877],{"class":115},[44,162460,1338],{"class":58},[44,162462,833],{"class":62},[44,162464,1338],{"class":58},[44,162466,129],{"class":115},[44,162468,20035],{"class":77},[44,162470,9372],{"class":115},[44,162472,9375],{"class":115},[44,162474,1338],{"class":58},[44,162476,36077],{"class":62},[44,162478,1338],{"class":58},[44,162480,129],{"class":115},[44,162482,13645],{"class":77},[44,162484,9372],{"class":115},[44,162486,9375],{"class":115},[44,162488,1338],{"class":58},[44,162490,36086],{"class":62},[44,162492,1338],{"class":58},[44,162494,129],{"class":115},[44,162496,29056],{"class":77},[44,162498,9388],{"class":115},[1474,162500,189,162502],{"id":162501},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162503,162504],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162506,162507],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,162509,162511],{"className":37,"code":162510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162512,162513,162545,162573,162577,162599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162514,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162516,17380],{"class":50},[44,162518,55],{"class":54},[44,162520,3744],{"class":115},[44,162522,112],{"class":58},[44,162524,126],{"class":62},[44,162526,112],{"class":58},[44,162528,129],{"class":115},[44,162530,59],{"class":58},[44,162532,9437],{"class":62},[44,162534,112],{"class":58},[44,162536,129],{"class":115},[44,162538,59],{"class":58},[44,162540,10547],{"class":62},[44,162542,112],{"class":58},[44,162544,3757],{"class":115},[44,162546,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162548,3948],{"class":50},[44,162550,55],{"class":54},[44,162552,3744],{"class":115},[44,162554,112],{"class":58},[44,162556,833],{"class":62},[44,162558,112],{"class":58},[44,162560,129],{"class":115},[44,162562,9444],{"class":77},[44,162564,129],{"class":115},[44,162566,59],{"class":58},[44,162568,847],{"class":62},[44,162570,112],{"class":58},[44,162572,3757],{"class":115},[44,162574,162575],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,162576,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,162578,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,162580,13342],{"class":50},[44,162582,55],{"class":54},[44,162584,9311],{"class":1296},[44,162586,123],{"class":115},[44,162588,64522],{"class":141},[44,162590,123],{"class":115},[44,162592,17061],{"class":119},[44,162594,129],{"class":115},[44,162596,4012],{"class":119},[44,162598,567],{"class":115},[44,162600,162601,162603,162605,162607],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,162602,142],{"class":141},[44,162604,123],{"class":115},[44,162606,17445],{"class":119},[44,162608,135],{"class":115},[20,162610,155],{},[35,162612,162614],{"className":37,"code":162613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162615,162616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162617,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162619,1072],{"class":115},[44,162621,1338],{"class":58},[44,162623,126],{"class":62},[44,162625,1338],{"class":58},[44,162627,790],{"class":115},[44,162629,1332],{"class":58},[44,162631,833],{"class":62},[44,162633,1338],{"class":58},[44,162635,129],{"class":115},[44,162637,1332],{"class":58},[44,162639,9437],{"class":62},[44,162641,1338],{"class":58},[44,162643,790],{"class":115},[44,162645,9444],{"class":77},[44,162647,129],{"class":115},[44,162649,1332],{"class":58},[44,162651,10547],{"class":62},[44,162653,1338],{"class":58},[44,162655,790],{"class":115},[44,162657,1332],{"class":58},[44,162659,847],{"class":62},[44,162661,1338],{"class":58},[44,162663,9447],{"class":115},[20,162665,162666,162667,116],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[200,162668,31224],{"href":31223},[1474,162670,162672],{"id":162671},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162674,162675],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,162677,162679],{"className":37,"code":162678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162680,162681,162705,162721,162725,162743,162747,162761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162682,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701,162703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162684,5126],{"class":50},[44,162686,55],{"class":54},[44,162688,3744],{"class":115},[44,162690,112],{"class":58},[44,162692,833],{"class":62},[44,162694,112],{"class":58},[44,162696,129],{"class":115},[44,162698,59],{"class":58},[44,162700,36077],{"class":62},[44,162702,112],{"class":58},[44,162704,3757],{"class":115},[44,162706,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717,162719],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162708,5195],{"class":50},[44,162710,55],{"class":54},[44,162712,3744],{"class":115},[44,162714,13640],{"class":77},[44,162716,129],{"class":115},[44,162718,13645],{"class":77},[44,162720,3757],{"class":115},[44,162722,162723],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,162724,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,162726,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,162728,9354],{"class":50},[44,162730,55],{"class":54},[44,162732,161456],{"class":141},[44,162734,123],{"class":115},[44,162736,5170],{"class":119},[44,162738,129],{"class":115},[44,162740,5242],{"class":119},[44,162742,135],{"class":115},[44,162744,162745],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,162746,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,162748,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,162750,142],{"class":141},[44,162752,123],{"class":115},[44,162754,8231],{"class":1296},[44,162756,123],{"class":115},[44,162758,9401],{"class":119},[44,162760,567],{"class":115},[44,162762,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771,162773],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,162764,142],{"class":141},[44,162766,123],{"class":115},[44,162768,8231],{"class":1296},[44,162770,123],{"class":115},[44,162772,9401],{"class":119},[44,162774,567],{"class":115},[20,162776,155],{},[35,162778,162780],{"className":37,"code":162779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162781,162782,162812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162783,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808,162810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162785,21877],{"class":115},[44,162787,1338],{"class":58},[44,162789,833],{"class":62},[44,162791,1338],{"class":58},[44,162793,129],{"class":115},[44,162795,20035],{"class":77},[44,162797,9372],{"class":115},[44,162799,9375],{"class":115},[44,162801,1338],{"class":58},[44,162803,36077],{"class":62},[44,162805,1338],{"class":58},[44,162807,129],{"class":115},[44,162809,13645],{"class":77},[44,162811,9388],{"class":115},[44,162813,162814],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162815,38434],{"class":115},[20,162817,162818],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162820,162821,162822,116],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[200,162823,5268],{"href":5721},[30,162825,41183],{"id":41182},[20,162827,162828,162829,116],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162830,64452],{},[1474,162832,162834],{"id":162833},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,162836,162838],{"className":37,"code":162837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162839,162840,162872,162892,162896,162920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162841,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162843,5126],{"class":50},[44,162845,55],{"class":54},[44,162847,3744],{"class":115},[44,162849,112],{"class":58},[44,162851,833],{"class":62},[44,162853,112],{"class":58},[44,162855,129],{"class":115},[44,162857,59],{"class":58},[44,162859,36077],{"class":62},[44,162861,112],{"class":58},[44,162863,129],{"class":115},[44,162865,59],{"class":58},[44,162867,36086],{"class":62},[44,162869,112],{"class":58},[44,162871,3757],{"class":115},[44,162873,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888,162890],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162875,5195],{"class":50},[44,162877,55],{"class":54},[44,162879,3744],{"class":115},[44,162881,13640],{"class":77},[44,162883,129],{"class":115},[44,162885,13645],{"class":77},[44,162887,129],{"class":115},[44,162889,29056],{"class":77},[44,162891,3757],{"class":115},[44,162893,162894],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,162895,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,162897,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,162899,6093],{"class":4003},[44,162901,36128],{"class":50},[44,162903,129],{"class":115},[44,162905,5237],{"class":50},[44,162907,887],{"class":4003},[44,162909,161456],{"class":141},[44,162911,123],{"class":115},[44,162913,5170],{"class":119},[44,162915,129],{"class":115},[44,162917,5242],{"class":119},[44,162919,8480],{"class":115},[44,162921,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,162923,8206],{"class":141},[44,162925,123],{"class":115},[44,162927,1436],{"class":1075},[44,162929,112],{"class":62},[44,162931,1072],{"class":77},[44,162933,126],{"class":119},[44,162935,1078],{"class":77},[44,162937,22441],{"class":62},[44,162939,1072],{"class":77},[44,162941,85648],{"class":119},[44,162943,1078],{"class":77},[44,162945,112],{"class":62},[44,162947,135],{"class":115},[1474,162949,162951],{"id":162950},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,162953,162955],{"className":37,"code":162954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162956,162957,162989,163013,163017,163039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162958,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162960,17380],{"class":50},[44,162962,55],{"class":54},[44,162964,3744],{"class":115},[44,162966,112],{"class":58},[44,162968,12789],{"class":62},[44,162970,112],{"class":58},[44,162972,129],{"class":115},[44,162974,59],{"class":58},[44,162976,126],{"class":62},[44,162978,112],{"class":58},[44,162980,129],{"class":115},[44,162982,59],{"class":58},[44,162984,15959],{"class":62},[44,162986,112],{"class":58},[44,162988,3757],{"class":115},[44,162990,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,162992,3948],{"class":50},[44,162994,55],{"class":54},[44,162996,3744],{"class":115},[44,162998,46723],{"class":77},[44,163000,129],{"class":115},[44,163002,59],{"class":58},[44,163004,833],{"class":62},[44,163006,112],{"class":58},[44,163008,129],{"class":115},[44,163010,4043],{"class":3978},[44,163012,3757],{"class":115},[44,163014,163015],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,163016,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,163018,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,163020,9306],{"class":50},[44,163022,55],{"class":54},[44,163024,9311],{"class":1296},[44,163026,123],{"class":115},[44,163028,64522],{"class":141},[44,163030,123],{"class":115},[44,163032,17061],{"class":119},[44,163034,129],{"class":115},[44,163036,4012],{"class":119},[44,163038,567],{"class":115},[44,163040,163041,163043,163045,163047],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,163042,142],{"class":141},[44,163044,123],{"class":115},[44,163046,9343],{"class":119},[44,163048,135],{"class":115},[1474,163050,163052],{"id":163051},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,163054,163056],{"className":37,"code":163055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163057,163058,163078,163098,163102,163127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163059,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074,163076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163061,80788],{"class":50},[44,163063,55],{"class":54},[44,163065,3744],{"class":115},[44,163067,2451],{"class":77},[44,163069,129],{"class":115},[44,163071,7928],{"class":77},[44,163073,129],{"class":115},[44,163075,7933],{"class":77},[44,163077,3757],{"class":115},[44,163079,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163081,80809],{"class":50},[44,163083,55],{"class":54},[44,163085,3744],{"class":115},[44,163087,2451],{"class":77},[44,163089,129],{"class":115},[44,163091,9444],{"class":77},[44,163093,129],{"class":115},[44,163095,7933],{"class":77},[44,163097,3757],{"class":115},[44,163099,163100],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,163101,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,163103,163104,163106,163108,163110,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,163105,6093],{"class":4003},[44,163107,57018],{"class":50},[44,163109,129],{"class":115},[44,163111,163112],{"class":50}," b ",[44,163114,887],{"class":4003},[44,163116,161456],{"class":141},[44,163118,123],{"class":115},[44,163120,111868],{"class":119},[44,163122,129],{"class":115},[44,163124,80852],{"class":119},[44,163126,8480],{"class":115},[44,163128,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137,163139],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,163130,8206],{"class":141},[44,163132,123],{"class":115},[44,163134,2676],{"class":119},[44,163136,4819],{"class":54},[44,163138,2681],{"class":119},[44,163140,135],{"class":115},[20,163142,155],{},[35,163144,163146],{"className":37,"code":163145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163147,163148,163152,163156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163149,163150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163151,4107],{"class":3978},[44,163153,163154],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163155,4168],{"class":3978},[44,163157,163158],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,163159,4107],{"class":3978},[1474,163161,163163],{"id":163162},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,163165,163167],{"className":37,"code":163166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163168,163169,163204,163227,163231,163258],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163170,163171,163174,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163188,163191,163193,163195,163197,163200,163202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163172,163173],{"class":50},"products ",[44,163175,55],{"class":54},[44,163177,3744],{"class":115},[44,163179,112],{"class":58},[44,163181,25276],{"class":62},[44,163183,112],{"class":58},[44,163185,129],{"class":115},[44,163187,59],{"class":58},[44,163189,163190],{"class":62},"Pen",[44,163192,112],{"class":58},[44,163194,129],{"class":115},[44,163196,59],{"class":58},[44,163198,163199],{"class":62},"Bag",[44,163201,112],{"class":58},[44,163203,3757],{"class":115},[44,163205,163206,163208,163210,163212,163215,163217,163220,163222,163225],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163207,83178],{"class":50},[44,163209,55],{"class":54},[44,163211,3744],{"class":115},[44,163213,163214],{"class":77},"12.5",[44,163216,129],{"class":115},[44,163218,163219],{"class":77}," 1.2",[44,163221,129],{"class":115},[44,163223,163224],{"class":77}," 25.0",[44,163226,3757],{"class":115},[44,163228,163229],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,163230,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,163232,163233,163235,163237,163239,163242,163244,163246,163248,163251,163253,163256],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,163234,6093],{"class":4003},[44,163236,25336],{"class":50},[44,163238,129],{"class":115},[44,163240,163241],{"class":50}," price ",[44,163243,887],{"class":4003},[44,163245,161456],{"class":141},[44,163247,123],{"class":115},[44,163249,163250],{"class":119},"products",[44,163252,129],{"class":115},[44,163254,163255],{"class":119}," prices",[44,163257,8480],{"class":115},[44,163259,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163274,163277,163279,163281,163283,163285],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,163261,8206],{"class":141},[44,163263,123],{"class":115},[44,163265,1436],{"class":1075},[44,163267,112],{"class":62},[44,163269,1072],{"class":77},[44,163271,27144],{"class":119},[44,163273,1078],{"class":77},[44,163275,163276],{"class":62}," costs $",[44,163278,1072],{"class":77},[44,163280,1089],{"class":119},[44,163282,1078],{"class":77},[44,163284,112],{"class":62},[44,163286,135],{"class":115},[20,163288,36739,163289,116],{},[200,163290,163292],{"href":163291},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[30,163294,163296,163297],{"id":163295},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163298,64452],{},[1474,163300,1707,163302,163304],{"id":163301},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163303,64452],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163306,163307,163309],{},[15,163308,64452],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163311,163312],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,163314,163316],{"className":37,"code":163315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163317,163318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163319,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336,163338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163321,142],{"class":141},[44,163323,123],{"class":115},[44,163325,11302],{"class":141},[44,163327,123],{"class":115},[44,163329,111868],{"class":119},[44,163331,9372],{"class":115},[44,163333,38523],{"class":141},[44,163335,123],{"class":115},[44,163337,81075],{"class":119},[44,163339,567],{"class":115},[1474,163341,163343],{"id":163342},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163345,68967],{},[35,163347,163349],{"className":37,"code":163348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163350,163351,163387,163391,163404,163414,163418,163430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163352,163353,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383,163385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163354,9354],{"class":50},[44,163356,55],{"class":54},[44,163358,161456],{"class":141},[44,163360,3108],{"class":115},[44,163362,3111],{"class":77},[44,163364,129],{"class":115},[44,163366,3116],{"class":77},[44,163368,18199],{"class":115},[44,163370,3744],{"class":115},[44,163372,112],{"class":58},[44,163374,200],{"class":62},[44,163376,112],{"class":58},[44,163378,129],{"class":115},[44,163380,59],{"class":58},[44,163382,4891],{"class":62},[44,163384,112],{"class":58},[44,163386,4015],{"class":115},[44,163388,163389],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163390,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,163392,163393,163395,163397,163399,163402],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,163394,6093],{"class":4003},[44,163396,6096],{"class":50},[44,163398,887],{"class":4003},[44,163400,163401],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,163403,6530],{"class":115},[44,163405,163406,163408,163410,163412],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,163407,8206],{"class":141},[44,163409,123],{"class":115},[44,163411,23446],{"class":119},[44,163413,135],{"class":115},[44,163415,163416],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,163417,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,163419,163420,163422,163424,163426,163428],{"class":46,"line":3524},[44,163421,6093],{"class":4003},[44,163423,6096],{"class":50},[44,163425,887],{"class":4003},[44,163427,163401],{"class":50},[44,163429,6530],{"class":115},[44,163431,163432,163434,163436,163438],{"class":46,"line":6552},[44,163433,8206],{"class":141},[44,163435,123],{"class":115},[44,163437,23446],{"class":119},[44,163439,135],{"class":115},[20,163441,163442],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1474,163444,163446],{"id":163445},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163448,163449],{},"This is correct:",[35,163451,163453],{"className":37,"code":163452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163454,163455,163479,163495,163499,163523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163456,163457,163459,163461,163463,163465,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475,163477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163458,5126],{"class":50},[44,163460,55],{"class":54},[44,163462,3744],{"class":115},[44,163464,112],{"class":58},[44,163466,833],{"class":62},[44,163468,112],{"class":58},[44,163470,129],{"class":115},[44,163472,59],{"class":58},[44,163474,36077],{"class":62},[44,163476,112],{"class":58},[44,163478,3757],{"class":115},[44,163480,163481,163483,163485,163487,163489,163491,163493],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163482,5195],{"class":50},[44,163484,55],{"class":54},[44,163486,3744],{"class":115},[44,163488,13640],{"class":77},[44,163490,129],{"class":115},[44,163492,13645],{"class":77},[44,163494,3757],{"class":115},[44,163496,163497],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,163498,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,163500,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519,163521],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,163502,6093],{"class":4003},[44,163504,36128],{"class":50},[44,163506,129],{"class":115},[44,163508,5237],{"class":50},[44,163510,887],{"class":4003},[44,163512,161456],{"class":141},[44,163514,123],{"class":115},[44,163516,5170],{"class":119},[44,163518,129],{"class":115},[44,163520,5242],{"class":119},[44,163522,8480],{"class":115},[44,163524,163525,163527,163529,163531,163533,163535],{"class":46,"line":138},[44,163526,8206],{"class":141},[44,163528,123],{"class":115},[44,163530,126],{"class":119},[44,163532,129],{"class":115},[44,163534,959],{"class":119},[44,163536,135],{"class":115},[20,163538,163539],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,163541,163543],{"className":37,"code":163542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163544,163545,163565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163546,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559,163561,163563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163548,6093],{"class":4003},[44,163550,6096],{"class":50},[44,163552,887],{"class":4003},[44,163554,161456],{"class":141},[44,163556,123],{"class":115},[44,163558,5170],{"class":119},[44,163560,129],{"class":115},[44,163562,5242],{"class":119},[44,163564,8480],{"class":115},[44,163566,163567,163569,163571,163573],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163568,8206],{"class":141},[44,163570,123],{"class":115},[44,163572,23446],{"class":119},[44,163574,135],{"class":115},[20,163576,155],{},[35,163578,163580],{"className":37,"code":163579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163581,163582,163598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163583,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594,163596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163585,123],{"class":115},[44,163587,1338],{"class":58},[44,163589,833],{"class":62},[44,163591,1338],{"class":58},[44,163593,129],{"class":115},[44,163595,20035],{"class":77},[44,163597,135],{"class":115},[44,163599,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610,163612],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163601,123],{"class":115},[44,163603,1338],{"class":58},[44,163605,36077],{"class":62},[44,163607,1338],{"class":58},[44,163609,129],{"class":115},[44,163611,13645],{"class":77},[44,163613,135],{"class":115},[20,163615,163616],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1474,163618,8556,163620,163622,163623],{"id":163619},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163621,64452],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163624,35885],{},[20,163626,189,163627,163629],{},[15,163628,64452],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163631,189,163632,163634],{},[15,163633,35885],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,163636,163637],{"className":37,"code":36054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,163638,163639,163671,163675,163695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163640,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663,163665,163667,163669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163642,5126],{"class":50},[44,163644,55],{"class":54},[44,163646,3744],{"class":115},[44,163648,112],{"class":58},[44,163650,833],{"class":62},[44,163652,112],{"class":58},[44,163654,129],{"class":115},[44,163656,59],{"class":58},[44,163658,36077],{"class":62},[44,163660,112],{"class":58},[44,163662,129],{"class":115},[44,163664,59],{"class":58},[44,163666,36086],{"class":62},[44,163668,112],{"class":58},[44,163670,3757],{"class":115},[44,163672,163673],{"class":46,"line":69},[44,163674,85],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":84},[44,163676,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691,163693],{"class":46,"line":81},[44,163678,6093],{"class":4003},[44,163680,35957],{"class":50},[44,163682,129],{"class":115},[44,163684,36105],{"class":50},[44,163686,887],{"class":4003},[44,163688,35967],{"class":141},[44,163690,123],{"class":115},[44,163692,5170],{"class":119},[44,163694,8480],{"class":115},[44,163696,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705,163707],{"class":46,"line":88},[44,163698,8206],{"class":141},[44,163700,123],{"class":115},[44,163702,35982],{"class":119},[44,163704,129],{"class":115},[44,163706,36128],{"class":119},[44,163708,135],{"class":115},[20,163710,163711,163712,116],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[200,163713,1013,163714,1017],{"href":92142},[15,163715,35885],{},[30,163717,1968],{"id":1967},[1474,163719,5274,163721,5277],{"id":163720},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163722,64452],{},[20,163724,163725],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1474,163727,12844,163729,163731],{"id":163728},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163730,64452],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163733,163734],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1474,163736,163738,163739,1995],{"id":163737},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163740,64452],{},[20,163742,163743,163744,116],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163745,162351],{},[1474,163747,163749,163750,1995],{"id":163748},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163751,64452],{},[20,163753,128337,163754,163756],{},[15,163755,162504],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1474,163758,163760],{"id":163759},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163762,163763],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[30,163765,2019],{"id":2018},[218,163767,163768,163773,163779,163783,163787],{},[221,163769,163770],{},[200,163771,163772],{"href":163291},"How to use zip in Python",[221,163774,163775],{},[200,163776,1013,163777,1017],{"href":92142},[15,163778,35885],{},[221,163780,163781],{},[200,163782,5349],{"href":5721},[221,163784,163785],{},[200,163786,69820],{"href":69743},[221,163788,163789],{},[200,163790,32396],{"href":31223},[2048,163792,163793],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":69,"depth":69,"links":163795},[163796,163797,163799,163800,163801,163802,163810,163816,163825,163836],{"id":32,"depth":69,"text":33},{"id":161515,"depth":69,"text":163798},"What zip() does",{"id":350,"depth":69,"text":351},{"id":161908,"depth":69,"text":161909},{"id":162085,"depth":69,"text":162086},{"id":162337,"depth":69,"text":163803,"children":163804},"Converting zip() output",[163805,163807,163809],{"id":162348,"depth":81,"text":163806},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162501,"depth":81,"text":163808},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162671,"depth":81,"text":162672},{"id":41182,"depth":69,"text":41183,"children":163811},[163812,163813,163814,163815],{"id":162833,"depth":81,"text":162834},{"id":162950,"depth":81,"text":162951},{"id":163051,"depth":81,"text":163052},{"id":163162,"depth":81,"text":163163},{"id":163295,"depth":69,"text":163817,"children":163818},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163819,163821,163822,163823],{"id":163301,"depth":81,"text":163820},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":163342,"depth":81,"text":163343},{"id":163445,"depth":81,"text":163446},{"id":163619,"depth":81,"text":163824},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1967,"depth":69,"text":1968,"children":163826},[163827,163829,163831,163833,163835],{"id":163720,"depth":81,"text":163828},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163728,"depth":81,"text":163830},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163737,"depth":81,"text":163832},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163748,"depth":81,"text":163834},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163759,"depth":81,"text":163760},{"id":2018,"depth":69,"text":2019},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":161357,"description":163837},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944952713]